The Coins of Ancient Italy — 1885

T. CXVIl BEUTTIA 169 striated, e necklace al neck, time to left ; around turn nna crown of laurel. there. Woman winged sitting at a hydra lying and has a crown in his right hand and a caduceus in his left : around TEPINAION. 5. Head of a woman time a d. inside crown of laurel, behind the nape of the neck). R. Woman winged and sitting on a pedestal collects in a dolio the water that quick from the mouth of lion protruding out of a wall of square stone : it ha in the left the caduceus e in front one tub in the which swims a goose: on top of wall it reads TEPl- NAIHN, on the dice of HHA pedestal what it seems like maimed from a proper name for example 'Jnrjnoirj'ATn'jij.avTog, name maybe of the craftsman. 6. Head of a similar woman to the previous n. 5. R. Woman winged sitting above a dolio lying time to the right with a ca- duceus in the d. and a bird in the left, a d. TEPINAION. 7. Head of woman with hair collected e tied on vertex belt the boss of a large one band. R. Woman winged standing time to left col foot right relieved above a stone e bears a caduceus in the d., in front of TEPINAION. 8. Coli. Hunter. Head of a woman with the head girded wide range time a d. : in front of TEPINAION. R. Woman winged standing time to left and leaning on a column with a caduceus in the d., in front of her it's a bird which rests above a pedestal; on the field a d. a T. 9. Head of woman belt of wide band a d., at the back of your neck. R. Winged woman sitting on a pedestal or altar with branch- scello of lauro in right. 10. Head of a diademed woman a d. with hair at the back of the neck collected in opistosphendone e lace around al neck, of- nanzi TEPINAIilN. R. Woman sitting on pedestal with pa- tera in d. crowned by victory: front left. TERINA. 11. Head of a woman time a d., behind the nape of the neck TEPI. R. Woman winged sitting up base pedestal circular e adorned in low of double string of globules. It lift the right with crown supporting on the back of the hand a bird that flaps its wings. 12. Mia coli. Head of a woman inside a laurel wreath time a d., at the nape of the neck R. Winged woman sitting on a chair in the act of hold a small sphere on the back of your right hand if he played by throwing the ball into the air with the fly of his hand and taking it back on his back, which in Tuscany is called playing to catch up. The epigraph is half out of mintage TEPINAIO(N). It is lined coin and retains vestiges of ancient gilding. 13. Head of woman with pendants e necklace time a d., in front ThPINAinN. R. Woman winged sitting in the same at- tititude that the previous one in n. 11, but the little bird that beats le wings it is face verse of her, the pedestal it is without ornamented. 14. Coli. my. Head of woman with pendants to ears e necklace al neck time a d., at the nape of the neck TEPI. R. Winged woman sitting on pedestal decorated of a serto ed it is in progress to support on the back of the hand right a bird, that it seems to beat le wings being a her facing. A left yes law in the smooth field subtly graffitied AAXNA, lascivious. 15. Head of Pallas with aulopid vault d., behind YOU in mon. R. Pegasus steering wheel a left (Imhoof-Bl. Moìin. grecq. pi. A n. 12). 16. I types I am the same as the n. 12, but is omitted the crown on the obverse and there a left there is the epigraph TEPI : Also worth one drama. 17. In this little coin that is still it is a drama, the head it is similar to that of n. 14 : in the reverse the winged woman has the right free e ago gesture of happy wish: in front yes reads the magistrate's name with an upside-down T : OIAISII. 18. (Imhoof-Bl. Mann. Qrecq. pi. A n. 11). Head of woman time to left. R. Woman in podére tunic and stable coat at an altar with the patera in the d. in act of do liba- tion, while glue left lift a flap of pallium: there a d. 3T. 19. Head of a woman with hair gathered around al head turned to left : behind a star at the back of his neck R. Winged woman who fly to d. with the left lowered deeming one crown, and raising in high the right. 20. Head of a woman on the right. with hair retained by opistosphendone ; behind YOU. R. Winged woman steering wheel with crown in the yes- nistra, of below it's a branch of laurel. 21. Coli. my. Head of a woman with hair gathered around al boss turned to the left. R. Flying winged woman on the left. with a long wreath pendant from right. 22. Head similar to that of n. 17. time a d. fl. G-ranchio ed epigraph written so it seems the second syllable pre- give in, but you will have to read TEPI. 23. Head of a woman turned to the right. with her hair gathered around her head, how al n. 21. R. crab e the legend T of above, ed 1E of below, i.e., TEP. 24. Head of a woman who looks in high a left R. Woman if- tooth with bird on the hand right that beats the wings that concerns and with necklace of globes. 25. Head of a similar woman a that of n.

17, in front vi yes PANAI/VA law. R. Woman winged sitting up pedestal with bird on the right hand, which beats the wings facing towards of her, which he poses the d. resting on a large patera al pedestal or aralibation, ed ahead the epigraph TER, that has you bed Millingen, first of which the number yes it was given to Hipponius. 26. Head of a woman with hair collected braided on the top e head covered from large ed ornamented rag, or foil probably gold : behind TER. R. Hippocampus facing right. 27. Head of a woman time a left with pendants to the ear. B, Crab with missing moon bro the branches : of under TEPI. Let's see i bronzes. 28. Head of a woman a d. R. Running hare a d. and TEPI. 29. Head of a woman inside a laurel wreath facing left. R. Woman winged sitting with crown in right; has from at a double maaicbi dolio lying : left TEPINAIilN. 30. Graduated head of Apollo a left in front TEPINAIilN. R. Lion's head post of front. I types of this bronze are reggini ; and yet there is reason to think that be a coin of alliance with Eeggio.

170 BKUTTIA T. cxvir 31. Head of woman with pendants e necklace time a left R. Crab e TEPI. 32. (Imhoof-Bl. op. oit. pi. A, 13). Graduated head of Apollo and in front the epigraph TEPINAIilN. R. Pegasus steering wheel on the left of above of which one e apparently not parazonium. CONSENT KilS in letters Greek and in the language of the Brezzii, gods which ones it was capital (Strab. VI, 1, 3) continues the common spelling ai Latin, to omit the N before the letter i, as you can see it done in COSENTIONT, COSOU,CESOR (See the gram index- matic of mine St/lloge p. 580). It was taken by Alexander of Epirus, (Liv. VIII, 24) e at 536 from Hannibal (Appian. de Nice Ann. e. 56) but recovered come on Eomani in 540 (Liv. SXX, 19). His coin it is bronze e very rare: it was in first place attributed in Consilinum from Avellino, by now- tive of epigraph Ki22:i, that it seemed to him to read above the specimen that gave birth : but then, left bro the in- certain, it was assigned to Cosenza by Piorelli, following the plan king of Marincola, of which he had the bronze with clear legend Kils:, that say at prints. This attribution it is confirm it come on discoveries rear of others bronzes, in which ones don't yes is never bed otherwise that KilS. That!' Oh, that you can see it on the bronze gods no. 33, 35, it looks like desire mean, o[ìoloi;, or another sign of value. 33. Head of a bearded man e covered of aulopid crested vault on the right in high O. R. Lightning e of under three moons like man- you sing: upstairs KilS. 34. Youthful head graduated vault a d. A. The same type of n. 33. 35. Crowned juvenile head of cane with horn that ticks them off on front: behind the nape of the neck P: on the head O. R. Crab bro le which branches they are two halves moons opposite from part convex, in the bottom Y.ù.'^. Come on these coins cre- said the Avellino that vi it was read K.O.SI e le attributed all in Consilinum {Opusc. II p. 132). Then it seemed decide go to Cosenza (Opusc. Ili p. 141-45) : but in ad- dictions a p. 322 appears to be returning back. The Millingen ohhe in 1831 (Anc. Coins. The, 7 p. 26) had attributed the n. 33, then known, in Cosso della Lucania, then in ConsidJrations page 86, regarding the law genda Knsi, he declared difficult the question. Nino however, not the Kiccio [Reperì, n. 169), not the Marincola (Obs. of St. homeland, 1871, Catanz. page 338), have ever seen in any exemplary the KilZI. The Piorelli (Mon. uned. p. 15 n. 14) published in 1845 the specimen of Marincola e I attributed a cotesla city recognizing yourself in the figure young vanile with bovine horn on the forehead the river Grateful: then yet I I gave one this interpretation e attribution to coin in Bull. burn. vap. n. 1 p. 19. 36. Head of woman diademed a d. with hair collected in top al vertex : of below Kiis: in one of the two specimens from me seen that I have here expressed, not being yes clear the other. R. Arco in the middle of three spear two of which of above the third of below all e three riots with the tips in out towards the suburbs, whence it seems, that they must be worth a mean le three phases of planet. LAUS Lao was founded come on Sybarites: Amazing (V, I) the he says them colony, anouog Jv^agiToòr, and when i Sybarites in 244 (ol. LXVII, 3) they were forced ad abandon the them homeland, the Laini e therefore Scidro them colony him acc- they caught. I citizens of Miletus they cried the them fall e that mourning he was general bro them. But Herodotus rightly so reprimands those of Lao that in 256 when Miletus was destroyed they did not also take from the Persians the mourning (Herod. VI, 21). There is a coin silver of confedera- tion bro Sibari and Lao that must precede the Olympics predicted, and yet the year 244 u. And. Lao coined together mo- neta blames e double relief col type of bull Sybarite, androprosopus repeated on the two faces with the only difference than in one of the two types in relief the bull is respite ; if not however, it must except the obol, in which the type of the two faces it is identical. This androprosopic bull is always bearded, not never beardless, like it is represented e described in ta- wants of Carelli. Nor me yes cite the specimen Parisian al- tied by the Sambon : I have him in front of me and I see him with a beard. Sibari in the currency of confederation poses for type of Lao an acorn with his chalice, the what symbol, that it is of the product of that soil, has a comparison in the acorn post it right of I exegete in coinage local. The bull androprosopus of Lao ha of special one tiara that him girdles the swapped front wrongly from Magnan and from others publishers in helmet. Nella coin incuse the writing, for half retrograde is hAFINOM: waves it turns out that they write- they were ^AFOM the name of city e of river, e the app pellative ^AFIOM, al equal to ^AFINOM. Nella coin double relief yes reads AA^NDM, i.e. the AOKM.

II 'i together with the form most recent A yes law in a mite of mine collection, that he has on straight iAA, al reverse 5AA. Muller believed that Lao was founded come on Sybarites by the Thurii after the massacre of their homeland (in Scyl. Cariand. § 12 page 20 ed. Did.) ; but this it is oppose openly to Herodotus. He it is sure that these beaches they were practical cate come on Sybarites first of them massacre. No it's proof Po- sidonia, which, moreover, is not it must be put together with Lao e Scidro that they received i Sybarites fugitives, why if that were the case, Herodotus would have mentioned it together with those two colonies. The confederation of Sibari with Posidonia admitted by the Ecthel [Doc. n. v. I, 154) on faith of Magnan that he read from a MA side and OH on the other, not yes accept because par sure that that OH it was read badly in instead by MOM. II Muller would like also attribute the foundation a those of Thurio ; but wrong ; why when Thurio had origin the coins included they were cease. Lao beats I stater of gr. 8.70 - 7.80 divided into thirds, in sixth of gr. 1.50 and in twelfths of a gr. 0.72 that Sambon describes

T. CXVIII BRUTTIA-LUCANIA OCCLDENTALIS 171 like this; Bull with human face in profile on the left. in the iAA exergue and in high MOM. R. Two circles; below AA and above k. Being the Lucanians arrived at Lao the year 328 the Greeks of Enotria in 359 they formed a league defensive against of they e again against Dionysius. But the Turini came in help of Lao that the Lucanians showed want to gird of siege e give her sack (Diod. XIV, 101) : §oi'X6i.isvoi. Aàov nóXiv evSaiixora nohoQxì':damn.. This happened in the ol. XCVII, 3. a u. 362: but the Turini were beaten near the tomb of Dragone e the Lucanians took over of Lao. Approx the same time it happened that also Posidonia would fall in hands of these barbarians e then both ceased le city of beat silver. In the allotment of 399 between the Lucanians and the Brez- uncles, the Lao River marked it i borders. It began then the series of coins of bronze in the which Lao changed at all i his types, and with the ethnic epigraph in the Greek language he inscribed in initials the name of the magistrate. To the bearded androposop bull the image happens youthful of the Lao River only equipped with bovine horns: vi is introduced the cult of Dionysus son of Ammon with horns Aries: are added him gods Venus, Bacchus and Hercules and on the reverses make room for a bird cello of robbery, which looks like a crow, probably local; often I am two these birds, that or they concern themselves the one the other, that is, they cross paths their coUs representing maybe the ini- tial AA with such attitude. tat. cxvm. 1. CoU. Luynes. Ox androprosopus with diadem gemmed on front face a d. e repellent a left Above vi yes law rflF5 which epigraph is completed by joining MOM written al reverse, that it is included col type same of straight. 2. Double didramma relief. On the obverse the androprosopic ox aimed at left and responsive a d., on reverse the med ox we face starboard : the epigraph begins from the reverse iM and si accomplishes al obverse M^ni in n. 2, from straight AAi BOREDOM; in no. 1, 3 is truncated and is repeated in the three following numbers 4, 6, 7. 3. The type is the same as in n. 2, but the epigraph begins here on straight AAi e is accomplished on the reverse NOM. 4. Coli. Saint. Ox androprosopus a left and look on the right upstairs ?AA. A. The same ox that it is face a right: above MA, in the exergue of straight acorn col chalice his e petiole. In the coin of alliance bro Sibari e Lao the acorn it occupies everything the field of reverse, doing there alone from symbol of city of Lao. 5. Drama with types same of n. 1, but the legend it is vanished. Not there it is money of Lao without legend, nor, if it's missing, it must believe omitted, but obliterated. 6. In the coU. my. Androprosopic ox facing left. e repellent on the right above kAA. A. The same ox but face a d., above is repeated 5AA col ^ retrograde. 7. Ox androprosopus face on the left and looking at d. above iA/\. A. The ox itself face a right, above 5AA. 8. Museum Brit. {Catal. 236, 12). Head of a woman with long hair ghee to cervix between four dolphins e the epigi-aphe AAINilN. R. Corvo, above star bro /V\l and BE, in front of one head of deer. 9. Coli. Saint. Head of a woman with hair gathered around Ua front e at the back of the neck, on the left. the epigraph EY first noticed by Mr. Imhoof-Bl., who replaces her EY Svfiog {Monn. gr. 13, 14). The same one epigraph it reads in another bronze he has for type on the reverse, an ox's head in front of the falcon (id. 4, 15). R. crow on the right. ed ram's head there: upstairs AAINUN and in second line SflEA. 10. Head of a woman crowned with ivy. E. Corvo, front head of aries, above STA OT. 11. CoU. my. Head of woman a d. R. Corvo, and in front the head of horse, above AAINilN. 12. From one of mine cast. Head of a woman belt of tiara with ca- skins collected to the cervix, and hanging from the ears turned to the right. A. Two birds that concern each other : between both Yes, upstairs to left /\AO, the epigraph on the right has vanished. 13. Head of a woman of prospectus bro two letters AA initials of the mint: a d. torch lit. A. The same type of two crows, but of fashion that i them necks they cross paths: bro half the letter M. 14. Head of the river laino youthful with bovine horns that him they pop up on front. A. Two crows crossed: of above STA OH'\. 15. Youthful head facing left. R. crow on the left. who has in front of him a crab, above a crown between TI and Bl. 16. Head of a diademed woman a d. inside a circle of globes. R. Corvo on the right, above a dolphin and AAINillM, da- front to right a candlestick. 17. Head of a diademed woman with her hair tied at the top and bottom pigraph AA. R. Corvo on the right. between KO and MO. 18. Head of Hercules on the right. covered by the lion's skin which him yes see knotted around the neck. R. Corvo on the right. and above STA. 19. Head of Dionysius with horns Aries time to d. R. crow facing right.

standing in front of a branch of palm lemniscate, which has DA above it and MO, below AA and COX. OESENTUM At Cluverio (p. 1317) they were not notes the coins of Orsentum. He alone corrected Pliny (III, e. 11) which recalls him Ursentini bro i peoples of Lucania, showing that these peoples they had to be attributed to Brezzia, not to Lucania. The name of this one city it seems of Greek origin e that derives from ógaóg germ, waves òqaàaig òqaàq- av^og land germinating, prolific, fruitful, iades for anadromous oqaavzov, and òqaavTtvog. Grli Orsantini honored of special cult Ce- king which shows what was a germ main of their fertile lands. 20. In the Museum of Vienna. Head crowned with laurel and vault to the right. behind the XPY coUo in mon. R. Ceres standing with the agricultural day mensorium on the right, a handful of ears of corn on the left, and on field a iron of spear: on the right. OPZANTINilNo. 21. Head of a woman with hair tied en masse to cervix. R. 22

172 LUCANIA OCCIDENTALIS T. cxvni Naked young man with the head covered by a petasus and armed of a parazonium a shoulder strap , on which one supports the left, extending the right with a patera: around it is the legend OPSANYLN. PAL....MOL Yes is agreed by Numismatists of call Palinuro the city, mentioned in letters ARI, from the promontory that however, it is called with this name: e in the AO ^ want yes recognize a city of the same name as the Molpa river or Melpa said Melphes from Pliny. The modern city which is episcopal is located said Melfis in Brkemperto. I haven't visited those places. 22. Coli. Luynes. Cignale in relief and reverse in recess with the epigraph 'lAT on the obverse and '10'A on the reverse. Paleography it is similar a that of Posidonia, of Lao, of Temesa. By this coin it is in the Museum of Florence a coinage mo- derno; I I warn you, because I see it cited by Riccio, (Repert. updated and with: p. 14) , and is also produced by Pahretti {Gloss. lab. LVI, 2912), not despite the strange shape of the letter fé e having placed a san in place of one m to mol. VELIA • H Millingen is duly applauded al Carts to have he assigned to Velia in Italy the coins that they have for type the half lion on straight that devours the prey and at the vescio an incuse square e quadripartite. Velia was founded in 180 u. And. from the Pocesi, who were fleeing the Persian domination yes they were moved from Asia in Cor- where those of their nation had twenty years earlier manufactured Alalia (Herod. I, 165). These seconds kicked out of there from the Tyrrhenians e Five years later the Carthaginians transported tarono theirs families and assets in Marseille ; but don't re- covered by the Marseillais (Antioch. ap. Strab. VI, 253), yes they moved in Eeggio of the Brezzii. The oracle that there had sent first in Cimo (that's what they call i G-reoi Corsica) (Diod. Sic. V, 13, 4), again he ordered them to search to build a new city in a place where there was one swamp called Cimo : Tòv Kvqvov xzCaai klog covra (the text has ^qiov Above, but see the Benedetti ad Herod. 1, 167), àXK ov rfjv vT^aov; hill what words warned them of the error fair exchange of the island called Cimo, with the swamp that brings had the same name. Nella Olympics LS, LXI, (u. e. 217-219) they moved co- Pocesi texts of Eeggio in wax of Cimo pointed out to them from the oracle, and they met in a Posidonia man, who he showed them the swamp; the which one they estimating be the Cimo prescribed to them from the oracle they set to work dis- dry it out and they were able to have it a lot of soil where manufacture. This city they called "BA7;, 'Yélrj, deriving the name from it from the source (Strab. VI, 252), or from the river i^yes]g, that le it flowed from behind, putting before to the voice a T, which he had strength of aspirated, or rather of digamma, since it was between- written for the 5th consonant come on Latins. Their first coins they bring for type the half lion e al I reverse a square included; the its weight it is of a third of the Phocian staters. Eight specimens from my collection give the following weights 3 gr. 70; 8.75; 3.80; 3.80; 3.90; 3.95. The Phocaean currency with the guy of the seal and reversed incuse that it is in mine collection weighs gr. 3.75, but It's a little worn. As for the fractions in- lower of coin velvety the Carelli it has engraved one (tab. CXXXVI, 3), but not he has it described. The Mommsen has collected from the Hunter, from the Mionnet, and from the British Museum, i three specimens that they have the type of Velia e they weigh from gr. 0.50 to 0.55 : finally L. Sambon describes one on p. 175 of which he gives the weight of gr. 0.40. My collection will be able to make up for this scarcity ; I will give the weight of all twenty-eight: of these four they weigh gr. 0.50; seven 0.45; eight 0.40; three 0.35; one 0.32; two 0.25; one 0.18; two 0.15. From here we can deduce that the largest unit yes divided in octaves (= 0.50 — 0.40), in sixteenths (= 0.35 — 0.25), in thirteenths thesis (= 0.18 — 0.15) of the Veliense drama. In this one first epoch occurred in Velia were to form a confederation with Eeggio which thing we learn from one of these brothers tions that in two cells of the incuse square carved into I note a P above and a YE on the mon. below, one and the other initials of the names of Velia e of Eeggio. What is the prey that the lion is seen gnawing, nothing has yet been defined; only Carelli he wrote that ferinam tibiam devorat, devours one's tibia fair. Now from one of my examples we learn that this is all one leg of a deer: I that it helps us to explain that type rear, where the lion bites the deer, which landed rat. Yet another novelty presents itself to us and it is the letter E of relief on the body of the lion. Similar letters were sent vertite from Mr.

Imhoof-Blumer on the bodies of animals in the coins, whose explanation it will be maybe, that must serve monetary sign as le others letters alphabetical vintage rear. I remember one similar 3 facing left carved in relief on the chin lower of Hercules on one of the coins Etruscans from the Sovana deposit (plate CXXV, n. 11). The Vellosi abolished the drama Phocaean, e le fractions of first period they introduced the double Achaean didrama relief e they placed there, for example, the head of a woman whose ca- skins are folded e tied by the diadem at the nape of the neck: and at the back verse the whole lion who he pounces. Two copies of Ua mine collection weigh gr. 7.50 : a third that is lined weighs gr. 7.00. Half of them or yes the drama ha in straight the head of a woman with the same hairstyle as hair re- bend over to cervix, but it changes the type of reverse posing one here owl with the olive branch. This drama in the first ones eight weighs specimens gr. 3.60, 3.65, 3.70, 3.75. There is also the third part of it with same types and it weighs gr. 1.20; there is it fourth part and weighs 0.95 ; there is the fifth weighing gr. 0.70 ; 0.55 : it's finally there the sixth that weighs gr. 0.35. Sambon only knew one example of the fifth part of gr. 0.51, and not other. With this second series it begins in Velia the issue of the bronze, of which we have only two rare examples, one in my collection of weight of gr. 1.50 : the other in the Kircherian: in both the hairstyle of ca-

T. cxvin LUCANIA OCCIDENTALIS 173 skins it is that of the drama and the owl does not rest on the branch of olive tree. Then begins a more developed art, in which change too the hairstyle gods hair that makes mass at the back of the neck, the owl is on the branch, e then it must be issued bronze with similar types. In mine coli, there is only so much one weighing gr. 2.90. Then a drama happens thin, contour often irregular, where the head of the obverse has a new one hairstyle : i hair I am furrowed to tra- towards like them striae of ima pecten shell and on the forehead they are seen wearing a diadem ; the cut of neck is sometimes adorned of one string of pearls. Of mine you are specimens three they weigh gr. 3.70, one gr. 3.75, one gr. 3.85, one final gr. mind 3.35. With this drama I pose the rare coin head of Pallas covered with an Attic helmet, which type is reproduced leader in the bronzes of the last era. So far I haven't said nothing of didrama of the Museum British published by Poole (Calai, p. 304) between the coins of Velia. He has from a side the head of a woman with hair stuffed gati e tight from the diadem e al reverse the head only of lion that roars: there is no legend and it weighs gr. 8.10. Around to which having I asked al eh. publisher for qual reason had it given to Velia, while the Du' Chalais he had it attributed to the city of G-nido (Recherch. sur quellques points de VHistoir. numism.de la ville de Cnide, pi. Vlln. 3,4,4), he replied, that I style of these coins by Guido it is at all different. Or it is of course a coin with the only one head of lion not yes it is so far view bro us, more that i Veliesi in the era of double coinage relief not they never omitted to write your name on it. For which reasons and again for it style, that it is less refined in the liesi, I didn't believe it insert this didrama in this case mint of Italy. He came then the era of beautiful e noble art also for Velia as for the Achaean city of Magna Greece, in which one age Pallas dominates above the nymph local that yes sees it represented in previous eras together with the source. MiUingen opined [Consid. p. 91) than on all coins always was figurative Pallas now with a helmet now with a bare head : but it is of course the source vi it is been placed at least where it is ronata of marsh reed and is defined by the nickname YEAHTH (zgjjiTy). When then le it can be read from near and above the head the name YEAH I think it's the city. It then comes in Pallas fashion, both that the Pocesi of Velia they did it in memory of the shipment of Asia where they had arrived glue escort of two Athenians, Pylogenes and Damone , Strabene waves he could declare Foeea una colony of Athenians (XIV, 633): 0coxaiav ol jxsrà ^iXoyévovg 'Adnfjvaìoi, whether they have received in Velia a reinforcement of settlers Athenians. The mo- net of the most beautiful style are nothing but didramas. Now though a nummo coi has entered my collection head types of Pallas time to left and on the reverse the lion gradient e of above $1 with a iron of trident in the middle e in the exergue YEHTilN, see your leg though left of the added H the A in very small character. It weighs 100 g. 0.70 and prove- stra who also minted the obol. Eara it is drama with guys of PaUade galeala, and on the reverse side owl. His third part that represents the head of a woman with an owl on her back verse, it also becomes a common symbol to bronze, except all few coins of barbarian style that they bring al reverse the tripod in memory a apparently of the oracle delphic, from which they were enjoined that they manufactured Cimo, how I have said upstairs. I Veliesi they drew from the good ones institutions by Xenophanes and Parmenides founders of the school eleatic that consistency e come on they were worth it them to keep away the scourge of bars Bari Lucani : they sought and obtained the alliance with the Eo- hands, when le city Greek yes they united for do them war with Pyrrhus. One priestess velvety used to be chosen by the Romans for worship of the Greek Ceres (Cic. pro Balbo, 24). 23, 24. In coli. my. Half of a lion devouring the leg of a deer. There is a very singular one n. 24 for a ir in relief on the body of the lion, which is facing to the right. E. Incuse square divided into four or less smaller squares, why any of they, sometimes not it is imprinted, has you example of which minor dates divided sometimes : these incuses take the shape of broad leaves in top narrow al center of con- junction. 25-32. Nella coli. my. I types they are him themselves of the major units giori. Perhaps unique in this series is the case of letters in relief carved in the field gods smaller squares. So in n. 26 a.m right there is a P e of below im YE in mon. Unique it is also the example of one head galeata in field of square greater, as in n. 25.

How much to weight some of they I am of gr. 0.50 (n. 27), others by 0.40 (n. 28, 29), others of 0.25 (nos. 30, 31), others finally of grams 0.15, like the n. 32. 33. Head of a woman with hair from front at the back of the neck or co- lost from strings of pearls joined together in a network manner following the trend of they who are turned to nape. R. Leone lurking that roars: above, owl that flies: in the YEAHTEHN exergue. 34. In coli. my. Head of a woman with hair turned e tied to cervix e belt the boss and the neck of one string of pearls. R. Leone lurking and roaring : an owl flies above: in the YEAHTEIIN exergue. 35. In the coU. my. Head of a woman with similar hairstyle al n. 36 but it it is belt of one tapeworm, and it hasn't al neck the string of pearls: below to the heart e around it's smooth. E. Leone similar to nos. previous ones, above A, in the YEAH exergue. 36. In coli. my. I types they are similar a those of coin previous, but the head of the woman is decorated with a string of pearls that le girdles around the boss : not though the neck, who is naked: around reads (YE)AHTflN. On the reverse the e- Sergo it is smooth e alone upstairs to Leo it is a retrograde 3: the lion does not lever in high the tail, and not only that he lowered it sata as in n. 33, but more he folded it between his legs. 37. In mine collection. Head of a woman of archaic belt style the boss e the neck like a string of pearls. R. Owl on a branch of olive tree on the left. YEAH, on the right. TO.

174 LUCANIA OCCIDENTALIS T. CXIX 38. Head of a woman on the right with hair facing the cervix and narrow from tiara that the girdles, of below al neck YEAH. yes. Leo longing for prey on the right. upstairs B, in the exergue one owl on the olive branch. 39. Head of woman like the previous one, e in the same way, under the neck the epigraph YEAH. R. Leone like the previous one, in the exergue the owl. 40. Coli. Luynes. Head of a woman turned to d. with her hair tied back around the forehead and the cervix: above YEAH: in front a branch of screw, e below the chin 0- R- Lion yearning to prey: owl in the exergue and TA next to it. 41. Coli. my. Head of a diademed woman with her hair turned to cervix on the right R. Owl on the branch of olive tree, e a left YEAH. H weight of this « gods similar pieces it is of gr. 3.25; 3.70; 3.77; 3.85. 42-46. Coli. my. The head of a woman in these pennies seemed pre the itself culture of detected hair e suspended at the back of the neck: in reverse the owl it is sometimes without the usual branch of olive tree: and once the name of mint seems omitted, but must be out of minting: their weight is n. 42, gr. 1.20; n. 43 gr. 0.95 ; n. 44 yes-. 0.70 ; n. 45 gr. 0.55 ; n. 46 gr. 0.85. 47-49. Coli. my. These pennies belong at the time of pili heUa art: the woman's head has hair gathered around it on the forehead and on the back of the neck : again here once the name of the mint it is seen to be missing, but it's because the coin is worn out. The owl in reverse or has wings open or fly: in the last ones two at his feet there is an I: the weight of the no. 47 is gr. 1.00 e so likewise that of n. 48: the n. 49 instead weighs gr. 0.80. Table CXIX. 1. Coli. Santangelo. Head of a woman crowned with reeds: in front HTHA3Y. R. Leone that yes rush : of above YEAHTEnN. 2. Coli. my. Woman's head with hair hairstyle single- lare, at the nape of the neck H. R. Owl on the branch of olive tree turned to the left. who looks in front: behind right HA3(Y). This inscription it was badly read from Comhe, AEYK, and the coin was therefore at- paid to Leuca in Calahria : in which one mistake made by U P. Eckhel (fl. n. v. I, 244). 3. Coli. my. Head of a woman of style semi-archaic with eapelU ri- faces at the back of the head e tightened by a lace. R. Owl on branch of olive tree, and behind to the left. YEAH. 4. 5. Coli. my. Head of woman with hairstyle of hair striated like shell and with string of pearls al neck time a left R. Civetta standing above the branch of olive tree : the epi- graphe al n. 5 is YEA.. 6. (Carelli, tab. CXXXVI, 8). Head of Pallas grass blanket small helmet attic crested turned to the right. R. Owl on branch of olive tree facing right. and on the left. the epigraph YEAH. 7. In the coU. my. Head of PaUade with helmet winged turned to the right. R. Leo gradient a left e face from the front: in the back a tree stands of palm bro le letters (p 1 : in the exergue YEAHT. 8. In the coli. mine. Head of Pallas with helmet girded of crown of olive tree facing left. R. Leone face a left in the act of roaring and lift the paw of the right foot: in the exergue YEAHTilN. 9. In coli. mine. Head of Pallas with helmet awarded of a dolphin and on the eaves of letter (j). F. Leo gradient a d. of above a iron of trident between the letters (J)l in the exergue YEAHT^N. 10. In coU. mine. Head of Pallas with helmet decorated of a griffin time to left R. Leone gradient a d. as in n. 8: upstairs YEAHTUN : in the exergue one owl that fly. rXav^ ìrcTUTai, the Greeks said in a sense of good luck. 11. Head of Pallas covered of helmet Phrygian on which one it is scol- pita a centauress current a left hey hair loose e long to cervix and a short one chlamys agitated from the wind on arm left. R. Leone who devours the head of a bull: between the legs a snake, in the exergue YEAHTilN. 12. In coli. mine. Head of Pallas with crowned helmet of olive time a left behind the back of the head KC in mon. R. Leone a left in the act to get up from feeding the lamb's leash that has in front of him in the claws and look roaring to the right: between the legs KC : in mon. in the exergue YEAHTilN. 13. In the coU. mine. Head of Pallas with helmet Phrygian ornate day one crest of griffin with the itself fair time a left, behind al neck 0. R. Lion facing right feeding the head of a ram : above a locust between the letters $ I, in- the exergue YEAHTilN. 14. In coli. mine. Head of Pallas time of prospectus co- open of winged Phrygian helmet, on whose convex part is read KAEYAHPOY: i his hair I am loose e waving: He has a necklace with jewel pendant on the turgid chest veiled from tunic. R. Leone devouring a head of bull like al n. 10 ; above A, between the legs KC, in the exergue YEAHTil(N). 15. 16. In the coli. mine. Head of Pallas with decorated helmet of crown of olive tree e of a griffin turned to the left. R. Leone who has landed a deer: and bites it on the back, around YEAHTEilN. In n.

16 is the same type as the reverse, but the helmet of the Pal- lade in straight has no crown olive tree which on the eaves e Behind his neck he carries a square tablet inscribed LE. 17. Museum of Munich. Head of Minerva with ornate helmet of a griffin time to left R. Leone that having landed a deer it bites him in the neck. The epigraph it is vanished and alone le tracks vi remain, YEAHTON (cf Carelli, tab. CXIII, 75). 18. In coli. my. Head of PaUade with crested aulopid: it is very ornate, first on the basis of the crest of the name of- the creator (J)IA12:TIÌ1N(0S) , then on nock brings a Vit- bully driving a quadriga, then on the eaves is placed a griffin. R. Lion standing on the waves of the sea and biting the iron of a spear that he has grasped high: Victory flies with a long tapeworm, in the hands to crown it, and on the right. (1)1 : in e- sergo is written YEAHTilM. 19. In coli. my. I types are similar at no. 18, only missing upstairs of the lion the Victory that fly e the 01 : the name of the artist seems not well successful in coinage. 20. Coli. Luynes. Head of Pallas with Attic helmet adorned with quadi'iga led by Victory and from the name of the artist (J)IAI-

T. CXIX LUCANIA OCCIDENTALIS 175 2:Tin.N0S inscribed at the foot of the ridge. R. Leo gradient a d., above YEAHTilN, in the exergue vine branch in the middle to the letters $1. 21. Head of Pallas with a winged helmet surrounded by an olive crown : at the back of the neck Al. /?. Leo gradient a d. above ear of wheat, between the legs P, in the exergue YEAHTilN. 22, 23. In mine coli. Head of Pallas with helmet girded Phrygian of olive tree a left R. Half lion lying e intent at the meal of one head of aries, in high (J): in the exergue -EA- 24, 25. In the coU. my. Head of Hercules young time to left covered by skin of lion. R. Civetta, a left YEAH, on the right. leaf of lives. In n. 25 the leaf is omitted and in that place reads YEAH. 26. In coli. my. Head of Hercules with the skin of lion time a d., of behind Tt/\n. R. Civetta in crown of olive tree bro le four letters YEAH. 27. NeUa coli. my. Head of a woman right. with hair turned to cervix e girded from diadem. R. Civetta a left YEAH, a d. Af in mon. 28. Coli. my. Head of a woman with hair to nape turned e tied with the diadem turned to d. R. Owl once a d. e to left YEAH. 29. In coli. my. Head of a woman turned to d. R. Owl once a left on an olive branch on the right. YEAH. 30. In coli. my. Head of G-iove graduated from left R. Civetta in front with wings open: above $1 below YEAHTilN. 31. In coli. my. Head of Jupiter graduated on the right. R. Civetta hill wings open, in front, below YEAHT. 32. In coli. my. Head of young Hercules a d. R. Civetta a yes. above olive branch, on the right. YEAH. 33.34. In coli. my. Head of Pallas with Corinthian helmet on the right. R. Ci- peak in front with open wings; in the n. 34 reads YEAHTilN. 35. Head of Bacchus crowned of ivy a d., below al neck a thyrsus. R. Civetta ad wings open e of below YEAH (Cai-elli, tab. CXLirr no. 98). 36. In Coli. my. Laureate head of Apollo a left R. how al n. 35. 37. NeUa coli. my. Head of young Hercules with the peUe of knotted lion to the coUo to the right. R. Civetta hill wings open to the right. and around YEAHTilN. 38. In coli. my. Head of Jupiter a left R. CoUe Owl wings open in front, under YEAH. 39. In coli. my. Head of Pallas with helmet cristoto a left R. Tripod between the letters YEAH. POSTROONTA n Kochette {Hist. des col. gr. HI p. 245) followed by the MuUer {Dor.l, 103) and by Gerhard (Griech. Myth. p. S12, 1, 6) opined that the city of Posidonia was founded by the Trezenii. The reason that those who made it were the Trezenii yes it's because Troezen makes their homeland sacred to Poseidon, so that he brought one day also the nickname (Strabo, VIII, 6, 14) : TQoitfjv Sé Isqu san HoaaiSmog, utfov xal IloasiSaivia nozè iXéyszo. Which recon- tro if he fails to demonstrate than from Troezen I am came i Posidoniates it is nevertheless from consider yourself, why consists that i Trezenii that they are done authors deUa colony of Posidonia lives rono Sibari; and it may well be that they were transplanted come on Yes- barites in this colony. Looks great do it suspect in one step dark where states that i Sybarites deduced a co- lonia in this place e they manufactured the city wall near the sea, but those who there were from them placed they transported theirs room deeper inside the ground (Strabo, V, 251): Jv^aQìtai fièv ov Ì7il za?.dTTrj zyesyfig i'S-svzo, oC of olxiad^évzeg àvmzéqai ^laréazipav. This colony was not deduced here from the Sybarites, who when Sibari not it was still destroyed, which happened in the 3rd year of the Olympics LXVII. In qual year they would have i Sybarites was able to come to Posidonia ; but not yes do you know if they then went to Lao e Scidro. It therefore does not count the year in which was founded Posidonia ; but yes you can be sure that it was in feet in the 2nd year of ol. LX (by Eoma 217-219), since a his citizen but said by Herodotus Posidoniate interpreted the oracle to the Eoceses of Keggio pointing out the Cimo swamp where they had to build the city that they named Velia. The dialect of that yes it helps Posidonia in coins not it is Doric genuine, not saying they Horidavia, but Iloaiióavia, which is born from the shape wind farm Ho- Gsi'óav (Ahrens, de dial. aeol. p. 123), where instead the coins give nO?EIAfl.N in common dialect. It cannot be denied of rest that golden they were between the colonists of Posidonia, of what dialect was used he who he wrote on the foil of silver dedicated to Proser- pina: I am of daughter of the Goddess (C. i. gr. n. 3778): TAM OEO T/y\ PA^^OM E/y\i. We will say that vi we talked more of a dialect, then a mixed language as we have experienced in the decree of the Keggini in favor of Aufidius. I'm not the Posi- donated dori of origin but Achaeans. In incuse coins the Net- thunder it always is in act to vibrate the trident and this guy me- dth is found repeated on coins double relief.

The in- cuse are dramas and didramas whose legend is PO/y\, PO/y\E, PO/y\ES. There is furthermore at the number the FSSM epigraph e A50. Yes it is estimated that the first was name of river News remembered from Lycophron e come on grammarians Herodian and Hesychius. Partace historical cited by Herodian writes that Hercules giimse in Posido- nia e there it was a great river called news {Dict. usual. p. 19, 4): 'Emi de àcpixszo slg zrjv Hoffsi Scoviav or 'HgaxXfjg . sati àè rto- zafjiòg "Ig xa2.oi\asvog [.is'yag. But that lloastdcoria can take for territory e so Partace would find himself in agreement with Lycophron, which he poses this river near the promontory opposite the island Leucosia, today Licosa, where its Siren died and was buried name. At the boss Posidio said tip today of Licosa a flows little river which has a name of river Lavis e there mede- simo there are two others rivers, the one said about the arena and the other that they say rivulet. To no one though of these three he's fine the appeal lative of ns'yag given on the news from Partace. Anyway yes, par of course they don't have wanted to indicate the Sele di Posidonia river big, but not quick, Xd^gog, indeed swampy e stagnant: of the further away it is from the tip of Licosa six miles. Be there as well been a river big and quick ;xs'yag and Id^gog named "Ig; or he wonders if of it it must understand the FS5M of the mo- neta of Posidonia. The experience he taught us that when the ancient they wanted represent a river they figured the image

176 LUCANIA OCCIDBNTALIS T. C51X e sometimes yì they added the name: we do not have so far example that they have it done col name only. Nor me can be quoted against the name of the Sele up of a pure posidonia coin : because I have already demonstrated elsewhere which it was so far bed incorrectly 5EIAA, instead by MEIAA. I consider this MEIAA as the OEMISTOKAEOS: {Revue numism. 1856 p. 46 pi. IH no. 2) a which it is implied xófi/ice, ùqyvqsov, me in Sente coins where we read SEYOA KOMMA (Num. Chron. t. XX p. 151), STEYOA APrYPIO:^ (Luyn. Num. des Satrap. pi. VI p. 45), that I am the names of principles come on which ones were coined coins. How much to the F$$M e to the A50 both placed near Neptune it seems to me that they should be taken here for nicknames data to the number of Posidonia , the one in case straight, the other in oblique. The FSS/y\ vi stands for FSM which it is explained from Hesychius for come on, F\i...lijxvg, the letter 5 is doubled there, because it is long, writing Herodian {de monas. p. 19) that all le voices monosyllables in ig are long already slg ig navxa ixTsCvstai. When at the ASO you know we like that the name of ^evg was given by the ancients to those gods who they had the principal cult : here I pro Jave colebaiUur. First of pass more beyond I'll do it notice one particularity which I don't know have been noticed so far. Because it happens sometimes that the letter initial P of city yes omitted reading OME and OME5 in place of POME and P0ME5. In the Museum of Naples you keep a coin that I publish here al n. 20: it is placed between the coins posidoniates from Piorelli hair type and for the factory, but not for the epigraph that doesn't there was no attack a explain. Consta of three letters written in circle, of which not yes it is been able to find the boss. Now I can demonstrate that you have to start from O it's necessary read OME, i.e. PO/y\E the initial P having been omitted. At n. 6 of this table CXXI on bull of the reverse are the same three letters and retrograde 3MO and it is not that the first letter is missing due to a defect in the minting, because there is expressed the outline of the field. Likewise in a didrachm of mine collection it reads OMES and neither here can you two- think that it was omitted the initial P, why the epigraph, beginning bye on instep of Neptune and goes up on the arm yes- nistro. Eustathius noted already (Comm. 1647, 63) the use of the Gioni e of the Aeolians to omit the letter o initial syllable, custom that you can see that they are our Prenestini who write METIO for PRO- AAETIO {Sijll. n. 539) and they say CONIA for CICONIA (Plaut. Truc. Ili, 2, 29). We see that the Achaeans of Posidonia they do al- equally, even if such a custom has wrongly been attributed to the Aeoli as Ahrens thinks {de dial. aeol. p. 78). That Neptune nicknamed PUS now in nominative, found then with pro- first name said JloasCScov in one more recent coin, in the which to how much I know not it is state so far warned. It is that me- the same that Avellino drew from collection Fanelli, now mine. Here then in front a Neptune (tab. CXX n. 12) it is written POSEIAilN. The what name was noticed from Piorelli in other of- drama that it's also in my collection, but with it truncates read- genda •SEIAft" It is singular the coin of confederation bro Posidonia e Sibari, where, Neptune omitted, yes it is deemed by type the bull sybaritic and i3MOn e in reverse we have AflVM with two paterae symbol of bind sanctioned col sacrifice. Mine I am those bronzes where Neptune is deprived of the chlamys, which folded door always on the humeri and pendant come on arms, it is in act of expulsion strike lightning, like the Jupiter gods Lucani. No do some example in no. 27, 29, 31, 82. The Lucanians Posido conquered nia ne they were in possession the year 868: the Romans take possession of it nirono the year 481, e deduced one colony the they named Paeslum probably I same as Posidonia, a corrupt name from the Lucanians. We have said of the included silver which he does not have if not of- dramas and dramas. Here in the meantime the weight of mine three didramas 7.30; 7.25; 7.00: a quarter exemplary where the god he is bearded now come into my heavy collection gr. 7.50 : in this context the Net- tuno is bearded. Now I will give the weights of the nine drachmas likewise from my collection gr. 8.00 (two specimens) gr. 8.20; 3.30 ; 3.40; 3.45 , 8.50 (two copies) 3.60. Of the silver in double relief the whose larger unit it is not certain that it was divided into two halves, r example that is cited of gr. 4,568 is only seen by Carelli. Sure- while rum can be cited as a unit that weighs nine grams, instead it is common that of gr. 7.90, e the ten specimens in my collection expire from gr. 8.00 to 7.70. However, Carelli's coin can be considered get rid of weight poorer of the two third parties, since yes they have unit greater than the weight of gr. 6.40, 6.50, also at of me. Eai-o yes it is I broken that it's near of me of weight of gr.

2.00, dated Mionnet of 2.89, of Sambon of 2.65, that yes they can keep for third parties of predicted units. After these we will place the sixths of weight of 1.00, 1.15 gr. i which ones for be notice the n. III there they conclude that each sixth part is divided into its own time in thirds parts, i.e. that every third part it consisted of six minor parts. Us in fact in series we find those coins that they weigh gr. 0.30, e below of those that they weigh gr. 0.15, 0.10, that contain therefore two parts of hectae, or a third party of them. Like this the larger unit split in three thirds, the third part in six hectae, the hecte in three parts minors, that is, 18 hectae, in thirty-six hemiehctae, in fifty- four third parts of hectae. It can too beat a division of third parties in four minor ones, if we consider that some pieces they bring the number — instead of n. =. Posidonia is the only one that expresses horizontal lines with parallel lines. such that is vertical le fractions of silver. In these coins double relief if I exclude the drama and consequently not do the name of -didrammo to the unit major I have to exclude also the name of offering that yes gives to tithe part of drama. He it is this is an argument to prove that OO above i pour of some coins posidoniates more recent they don't have an alphabet value of mean two obols. But there is a another reason that arises by weight of these coins. Nella I can find some in my collection three specimens that they bear on bull of the reverse these OO. Now experimenting with it the weight I find, that the first it is of gr. 0.75; the second of gr. 0.50; the third of gr. 0.25. Qual it will be therefore the weight of the mite? I am everyone e three of excellent conservation and they bring on straight next door al Neptune the legend P02:EI. A dime of Lao with two described of Sambon of weight of gr. 0.72, can serve of new test that the O does not it is initial of offering.

T. CXX-XXI LUCANIA OCCIDENTALIS 177 Table CXX. 1. Bearded Neptune with wick-like hair and neck-length bringing through le shoulders e his arms a light pallium throws a blow of trident, a d. BIT. R. Lo same type included. I recently added an example to my collection. plare with this type of the bearded Neptune where the epigraph it's POM e the weight it is of gr. 7.50. 2. I same types : but i hair on the cervix is less pro- lissi, the god tightens an octopus in the right e the epigraph it is pili whole S3/V\0n. 3. I types I am him themselves, the epigraph it's POM e Neptune not he has a beard. 4. In the coli. my. Neptune is beardless and in the field a d. it's a dolphin of relief. 5. In coli. my. Nettimo is beardless and is in front of the field a dolphin with contours in relief : in reverse you notice one overhang of coinage. 6. Neptune is beardless: on the left the epigraph POM, to the right \m of the- up in relief what then we see each other again in the hollow in the reverse that it is included. 7-10. Four dramas with types described: the epigraph it is PO/y\, POME, POMES : in the drama of the no. 7 he's a dragon but- rino in front of Neptune : al n. 8 edited by Imhoof-Blumer on the obverse a d. it is written [>50 ed it is plausible that vi yes should make up for ayaXixa 11, 12. In other examples on the left. of straight e of reverse, in tall'i instead on the right of two faces is read MJ^ì, which name from Barthélemy and Avel- linen yes believe appellation of the river l? (Minervini, III, p. 44) : but MiUingea believed it probable that it was the beginning ziale of Fistelia confederate with Posidonia [Consid. p. 43). 11-22. Coli. my. The constant type of these double didramas relief it is on the obverse bearded or beardless Neptune and on the reverse the bull that go on the right or a left. The name of city of the people it is shortened ordinary variously, sometimes but it is whole. Beyond a this vi there are some particularity, which they will be noticed at the beginning from the number following. 11. The dolphin that follows Neptune in the obverse is repeated in the exergue of reverse. 12. It was published from Avellino e from Millingen: but they don't they saw the head of the pistrice turned upwards; but he had it before view and in any case expressed Carelli (pl. CXXVIII, 40) with the only legend POZEIAANIA al reverse: but they they didn't know in the legend of straight the name of the god POZEIAilN. 13. The pisti-ice still appears here, but with its head turned downwards: there is also three a left on the obverse a twig of laurel (cf Carelli, tab. CXXVIII, 42, however all legends are omitted). 14. Two o'clock letters 5A that they are read bro the legs of Neptune are repeated between the legs of the bull on the reverse. I know a se- exemplary condo of this didramus that It's in the museum of Vienna. His meaning here it is by name of a magistrate, not of the number e not even of one city confe- derated. 15. The name of god yes law from side left of straight PO«EIAilN (cf. CoU. Sant. Calai, n. 4393) : to the place of part right it's a dolphin and this yes repeats the exergue of I pour that door written on the P04EIAAN bull ; more from- boast to the bull arises from ground a twig of laurel. 16. Here side al god it is written POSEIAA: nor can it be said that vi stands for UocfeiSar, there being no confirmation of this Dorism in the other coins, which always read PO?EIAilN and always PO«EIAANIA(TAN) the name of people, like here al re- towards PO^EIAANI. 17. That vowel H or it is a monetary sign or an initial by name own of the magistrate. 18. It is singular in This is the legend on the right POMES e a left ANSA. To me it seems that for flaw of coinage miss you the A e of that there are other examples. Such is in the drama al n. 2 Ì3M in place of ia/AOH; such in n. 4 PO ES where a is missing lA. 19-22. I put together i four examples I have seen of we said that it is believed to be written the name of the river Sun, almost that vi read it Seila. Or the first syllable of Sila it's short: the alphabet of coins of Posidonia that we say archaic and Doric constantly distinguishes the l^((jàv) from the A/\(,iiii), giving a this one foot a left shorter than that it's on the right. But we should read Meila not Seila: but it's there furthermore the lamda which here is not like in the alphabet of the inscriptions archaic tions of Molpa and Palinuro (t. CXVIII, 22) and of the vi- china Lao city face down A, but face up -J, which read- tera has the value of Y and if you look at the tips that in some exemplary, as in mine they are turned inwards and give know that we wanted to write a Doric delta Q, V (see plate 118 n. 3), we will have a Meida and not a Seila. Of the I straight and they are not angular promptly, because even on the net of Caulonia it is now seen in the Doric form 5 now in the common and jonic I (see table CXI n. 20, 22, 26). Plate CXXI. 1. Coli. Santangelo (PiorelH Catal. 4339). Bearded Neptune who spear the trident, a d.

a dolphin and in one specimen among them legs of the god is a T (Imhoof-Bl. Mann, grecq. p. 6). R. Taurus face a left a pie of one stela surmounted from an urn. In the specimen of Mr. Imhoof-Bl. the urn it is grooved e furthermore on the imoscape of the stela it's a T: of above of bull POSESAANS (cf. Imhoof-Bl. Choix, pi. Vili, 239 page 5, 25). 2. Coli. my. The types are the same as on the obverse and on the reverse: G- a lot on the line, where Neptune rests i feet, it reads 3J0n, e on the reverse the letter iota it is straight, POSEIAANI, e the urn it is a you shell concave ; around aUa belly to foot of stela it is carved a T which is missing in the specimen of n. 1 : in the exergue it is a tuna. A left of straight it is graffiti a H. Pausanias narrate (L. IX, e. XXX, 8) that ad about twenty of stages from God verse the mountain was once seen column e above of it is an urn with the ashes of Orpheus. Then it happened that le columns with above urns they were consider- derate such as funerary monuments. The letter T, what time yes sees between Neptune's legs, now on the stem of the stela,

178 LUCANIA OCCIDENTALTS T. cxxr it seems that shouldn't belong al simulacrum, but yes a monetary token. 3. Coli, my (cf. Coli. Sant. Catal. 4387). Bearded Neptune that throws the trident: in front POSEIAA, on the left. O. yes. Bull face a left upstairs ^flA^3MO between the legs of the bull A. It is from notice simultaneous use of the two alphabets the archaic Doric, e the jonic Euclidean. 4. Coli. Saint. Head of Juno with scattered hair and large miter decorated of hippocampi winged mail in front, i?. Bull face a left between the legs are an octopus, of above nOW\EIAA. 5. Coli. my. To the usual types on the obverse there is added on the left. a branch- shill of laurel: the epigraph reads POSEI. A. In front of the bull that it is face a d. there is even more of a twig of laurel e in the exergue the dolphin. 6. Coli. my. The epigraph on the obverse is HOM : there is the twig a left with the usual ones types. A. On the bull facing left. it reads 3/y\0 : in the exergue it is a barley grape. Don't think that the T is missing in the epigraph of reversed due to imperfection of minting. It it is been omitted by the engraver of coinage, of that we will have at unambiguous examples. 7. Coli, my with types usual : the twig of laurel ha also a laurel berry: the epigraph it's POM , but on the bull of re- verse reads: AQA, so it seems to have been written AaA(/V\) with the reverse y, like meets sometimes even in coins of Sibari, bro le which ones it is appropriate quote from Coli, of Duke de Luynes this : SAM. Neptune vibrating the trident on the right R. Gradient torus on the right. crowned by Victory: gr. 1.07. Nonetheless this lesson it would be illusory: why me it is a second example came to hand, in which the legend it is clear MOT retrograde. 8. (Carelli, work CXXVII, n. 19). The epigraph is !W\ and reverse av that easily flVM is supplied: the /\An must be estimated an error for MOH. This confederation of Posi- donia with Sibari will follow al n. 17 another example. 9. Coli. my. V is of particular the dolphin in straight that oc- gloomy the place of the twig, the legend it's PO^EI e on bull they do the reverse the first appeared two O. Three mine specimens weigh gr. 0.76; 0.30; 0.25. 10, 11. Coli. my. I choose these two pieces, in which in addition to the types e at registrations that read in the others there is something singular the number declarative of the value that consists of two lines horizontal or three horizontal or vertical lines. The weight it is of gr. 1.24; 1.25. 12. Coli. my. Neptune vibrating the trident. R. Bull facing right. crowned from Victoria. 13. Coli. my. Neptune that vibrates the trident face a d. R. Lo same type but facing left. : in both the POM faces. 14. Coli, my Neptune who throws the trident to the left. POSEI a d. a T. R. Toro gradient a left above dolphin. 15. Coli. my. Neptune that vibrates the trident, before MOH. R. Taurus a left above PO/A. 16. Coli. my. Neptune that vibrates the trident, a left PO/y\. R. Octopus. 17. Coli. Santangelo {Catal. n. 4727) Bull facing right. above OH in the exergue Ì3/\A. A. Two paterae e between them a small globe: upstairs V/V\, of below ^A. It can be that the two paterae let them be a sign of confederation. 18. Munich Museum. Neptune throwing the trident to the left. N\OP. A. A small globule in the center and around POMES (cf. recreili, Mon. uned. 11, 10). 19. Museum of Vienna e coli. my. Neptune on the right knee throw the trident. R. OH (cf. Fox, Greek eoins 11, 14; Poole, Catal. 267, 20). 20. Museum of Naples. Head of Neptune bearded time a d. A. Three letters that they go in OME tour (cf. Poole, Ca- such. 270, 49). 21. Coli. my. Head of bearded Neptune facing right. A. The epigraph ^3MOn in circle (cf. Piorelli, Mon. uned. Ili, 9 from Museum of Berlin). 22. Coli. my. The type is the same, but in reverse reads SMOH. 23. Coli. my. Juvenile head a d. before ^3MOn. R. Ferro of the trident e MflA^(3/r\on). 24. Coli. my. Half bull a d. 7?. Iron of trident. 25. Coli. my. Half bull face a left R. Ferro of the trident. 26. Coli. my. Protome of bull a d. R. Trident. 27. Coli. my. Neptune that spear the trident a d. in front of me dolphin, left. PO«EIAANI. R. Toro on the right above P0«EIAAN1 e on the belly of the bull a half moon counter-branded. 28. The same type and on the left. POSEIAAN. R. Bull in relief inside a square. 29. Coli. my. Usual type, in front of a dolphin between the legs of an A. R. Toro each raised face a d. in front of a dolphin, bro the legs a P, above PO^EI and in the exergue AANIATAN. 30. Coli. my. Usual guy and POSE R. Taurus that mussel, upstairs a dolphin. 31. 32. Coli. my. Neptune as lightning Jupiter a d. in front a dolphin, a left PO^EIAA. R. Taurus clashing a left with the low tail, of under an octopus: in n. 32 the epigraph it is al reverse (nO)SELAA. 33. Neptune that vibrates the trident a d. before then. R. Taurus clashing a d. upstairs a caduceus. 34. Coli. my. Neptune vibrating the trident facing left. R.

Taurus- clashing a left with the tail low above POìEI, in- I wield it like lightning. 35. Coli. my. Like usual a d. POSEI, on the left dolphin. R. Taurus clashing a left with the tail low of below a octopus, of above POSEI. 36. (Millingen, Suppl. pi. 11, 3). Head of Pallas with helmet at- tico crowned of olive tree face a d. R. Neptune that vibrates the trident e a d. POSEl. 37. Coli. my. The same head with the same back, but here the legend it's PO^ I E instead of POi El. 38. (Carelli, tab.CXXIXn.81). Head of Pallas as in nos. 35 e 36. R. Ferro of trident and around POiB. 39. (Carelli, tab. CXXIX, 82). Vibrant Neptune the trident on the right. R. Corona of laurel. 40. Coli. my. Neptune vibrant a d. R. Kamoscello. I didn't see Neptune standing with PO/AE5, and to the ro- vescio the dolphin described from Mionnet I, p. 185, n. 623, of weight of 0.45.

T. GXXII LUCANIA OCCIDENTALIS 179 PAESTUM Ancient Posidouia had already transformed the Greek name in the barbaric Paistum imposed on it, as it seems, by the Lucanians, clie they lived there as masters, when the Eomani colonists takes over they were in possession of those fertile and pleasant beaches in 481. The Latin colony minted ai-gento and bronze with epi- equivalent PAISTANO graphe in ancient times Latin a Paista- iwm, be Paestanorum.But the issue of silver ceased to what it seems in 485, alone four years after, then what Eoma legally opened its mint. For these four years therefore it is necessary limit the issue of those coins of silver e for consequence le correspondents coins of bronze, which are regulated on the cut e on the weight of the offerings and of the didramas typical of the Greei of Campania (ta?. LXXI, 41, 42). The system was similar to the Roman one so in Paestum in- troduced later, when colonial coinage had shrunk to bronze only. The first coins must be judged those who yes they are minted on the system sextantary e they believe the ortho- archaic spelling of Ai instead of AE. To these series belong gono i sextants e le ounces e maybe even i semissi. Al yes- stem uncial they adapt le series following, i whose broken so far known are i semissi, i trienti, the quadrants, the sextants e le ounces, that I have attempted to distribute by making a profit the symbols in one e le acronyms gods names own in place gods symbols, such as yes it is done, putting the coin in order melted from Lazio. It was a time in what Borghesi as he himself con- fool followed the Sestini attributing in Pesto the coins that they bear the heads of Augustus and Tiberius on the obverse: but later he regretted it, judging that freedom had fallen after the war social not there were more municipal coins in Italy {Let- tera, 19 dee. 1849; Oeuvr. you. Vili p. 209). That would be it maybe true, if confirmed that all of Italy had decided to accept full Roman citizenship. Or he is certain and proven that the aforementioned coins came out from the Paestan mint, bearing the epigraph P • S., i.e. Country these signatum; on the other hand there can be no doubt about the image giue of Tiberius, attesting the coiners L. Caelius Clement and L. Giulio Felice of be his Flamini-; Augustus too is determined by lituum best wishes, which priesthood was his decreed by the Senate left from 706 (Hecidi. VI, 73, 74). They had you nevertheless coins e ticks neUe city that they retained their own laws with freedom after the social war and even in the first decades of the empire. After all, it can't be done say freedom has fallen if not for those municipalities that accept they gained full Roman citizenship, as long as you con- served as a simulacrum of a republic by the two emperors. Augustus e Tiberius. I types of coins they seem from the beginning fis- . sati by the senate of Pesto, then left free to the magistrates of the mint. 41. CoU. Santangelo and Museum of Munich. Juvenile head dia- this time on the left before PAISTANO. R. The two Dioscores they ride running a left one of them raises his right hand, the other carries a branch palm: in high they shine le them stars. Note the leopard or panther skin it covers the back of the first horse. 42. Juvenile head crowned with cane turned to the left, behind the neck a taken simpulus so far for a bird, that the Millingen call swan {Consid. p. 235). /?. The two Dioscores who ride dog a left, vi you see a star, both carry the branch of palm. The Millingen says that one of them brings the branch of palm to whom it is suspended one crown. He then believes that the head of straight be that of Sele river: between the legs of the horses we read MEC in mon. poorly read so far. The weight of these coins go from gr. 7.18 to 7.01 but not yes they originate from the Greek Campanian system of ancient Posidonia. 43. Coli. my. Head of Neptune graduated time a d. behind the nape P. R. Hero who rides the dolphin face a left por- tanding on right the Victory that the crown e in the left a trident: of under PAISTANO. 44. Coli. my. Munich Museum. Head of Neptune graduated on the right. behind the neck a dolphin. R. Winged Hero riding the dolphin, on the left the trident:, behind sometimes A/, below PAISTANO. The Mommsen estimate these bronzes divisions of stater correspondents at ordinary divisions of money {H. de the m. III 187). Plate CXXII. 1, 2. Kircherian Museum, n. 2. Coli. my. Head of Neptune dia- demata: at the back of the neck the note of the two ounces. R. Delfino, of above the aforementioned note, of under PAIST. 8. Coli. my. Juvenile head crowned of cane a d. at the back of the neck the note of an ounce and a half, •?. A. Running dog a d. above the same note, of under PAIS. 4. Coli. my. Head of Diana eoll the bow e the quiver al neck. R. Spiga, a left the note of the ounce, a d. PAIS. 5. Coli. my.

Graduated head of Neptune : with the note S at the back of the neck e sometimes even the trident. R. Trident iron, left. the same note Yes, a d. Q: below PAIS. It weighs gr. 4.20; 5.00. It seems to have to be assigned to a greater unit of weight of gr. 9; 9.30. 6. Head veiled of Ceres e the PAIS voice in monogram. R. Double ear of wheat e the epigraph P-ASVI Illj-VIR. 7. Coli. my. Head of a woman crowned with ivy on the right behind the cervix the note of the triente • or d • . R. Cornucopia, the note aforementioned PAIS and the caduceus insignia of the monetary magistrate. 8. Coli. my. Head of Neptune diademed e the note from here- drant 9 and • . R. Delfino, the same note, PAIS e the caduceus. 9. Coli. my. Head of Ceres, a left the sextant note » • . The. Cignale, same note, PAIS e the caduceus. 10. Coli. my. Head of Diana with quiver al neck. B. Spiga, PAIS ounce note, and the caduceus. I have these together coins (a. 7-10) benefiting me of caduceus insignia. Do furthermore from n. 12 to 15 an example by name of the magician layer that is repeated on all the pieces of the following series (nos. 12-15), series, which had not been composed until now by anyone. 23

180 LUCANIA OCCIDENTALIS T. C5XII 11. Coli. my. Head of bacchante or of Bacchus a d. crowned of ivy : at the back of the neck the note of the trient. R. Cornucopia and some monetary sign, as here palm branch, a d. PAIS, on the left the note of trient. In the same way that I have used for the awarded series of the caduceus, can be done with other series i whose signs they are repeated in the hamlets inferior e the epi- graphe matches you with the always the same spelling in the greater unit that here it is the trient. 12-15. Coli. my. This one series in place of sign monetary door the name of the magistrate, which is repeated for everyone him broken inferior. I types gods what they are those same ones that yes they have in the series awarded of a caduceus. The but- registered is Q. 'V^- 16. Coli. my. Crowned head of Ceres of ears on the right. /?. Half boar with a dolphin approached al belly in the sense of vertical cut: PAIS above, sextant note below. This bronze it's out as standard, but cannot be retrofitted, why bro the pieces that they bring there are no signs of value anything that preserves the archaism of PAIS. The semisse, the ounce e half, the ounce that I placed at the top (nos. 3, 4, 5) perhaps corresponds they respond with it, but they do not keep it i types of series with monetary signs, that is with names gods magistrates declared upstairs. 17. Coli. my. From this number al n. 19 yes they have the bronzes that change PAIS in SEAP. They they are: Head of Neptune graduated from d. in front of the chin S. R. Ancora and AA • AFIMAF in mon. then to d. SEAP. 18. Coli. my. Head of Diana with quiver to the heart. R. Half boar col dolphin approached al vertical cut, below the note of sextant, above SEAP. 19. Coli. my. Elephant African and in the SEAP exergue. R. Cornu- copy lemmied to the left. the note of the trient on the right A\F (VF in mon). 20. Coli. my. Clypeus Macedonian, inside a perished, in which space circular are read le letters PAEST and in the bottom there is the note of trient. R. Cornucopia and lightning. The PAEST it doesn't have other feedback. 21. CoU. my. Lion roaring longing for prey, of below there is the note of trient. R. Cornucopia and a sign next to it coin which here is a pileus with four small globules on it move like a star. To. the triente note, on the left. SEAP. 22. CoU. my. Followed by those bronzes that write PAE. They are five. Cignale which brings infix the vein near the ear left chio, between the legs Yes, in the PAE exergue. R. Vase with a lituan: then L. ARTVE C. COMIN IT- VIR. I didn't see that only one example in the Parma Museum, in which as in this one of mine reads ARTVE that we will accomplish supplement dolo Artuenus. 23. Coli. my. Head of PaUade with Corinthian helmet on the right. from behind S . note of value, a d. PAE. R. Hands in faith bro U-FJO and L.S^. 24. Coli. my. Building hexastyle below al which one it is written QVI : a left PAE , a d. S note of value. The building can well be a Quirinal or yes sacred building in Quirino. R. Den- too crown of laurel yes CN law • COR M • TVC PATR. A Cneo Cornelius and M. Tuccio patrons of the colony was entrusted the emission of bronze. 25. Coli. my. Female head with hair knotted in a tuft on the vertex e le wings al neck time a d., PAE therein. R. Palma e crown, from bottom Q- THREE- II- VIR. 26. Coli. my. Bearded, diademed head turned to d., at the nape of the neck note of the dial. R. Delfino and tuna in the middle, above the same note, of under PAE. 27. Coli. my. Get started hence the connection of A in the name of Ua city: there is from before more of an S than later yes omits. Here the group of the PAS it is similar to what we have in n. 6 where r S it is conjoined to A through the middle of the I : here instead it is superimposed to the A by means of the upper horizontal rod rior of the E. Head of Hercules with the lion's skin. R. Clava between Q-CEP and PE il • TOL. Pesto was all he had quattroviri duumviri for supreme magistrate. Nor then in Pesto yes find omitted the VIR later the II or the INI. remains though that this 111 let it be tertium or tertio and Tol must be made up for tolit yes tulit, maybe because for the third time it was entrusted by the people the superintendence of mint. 28. (Carelli CXXXl 31). Head of Pallas with helmet Corinthian, of under PAS. R. Cigno e upstairs M • SAL C PEL.- The Kohne (Funfzig ani. Munz der v. Rausohschen Muntzsammlung Berlin, 1843 (taf. 1, n. 3) publishes a similar number that it has for straight le heads of the Dioscori, and PA e on the reverse the swan with le epigraphs hEL..CAL. 29. Coli. mine. Head of Pallas with helmet Corinthian time to d. behind the neck S , on the right. PAS. R. Timone fra M. OCT UH VIR. 30. Coli. mine. Female head time to d. in front Yes, a left QVIN PAS, i.e Five-yearly. Paesti. The names of these people they are five-yearly on the reverse M- SAL C PEL in the crown of al- them. A these you belong the other semisse, that I have given al n. 28. 31. Coli. mine. Head of Neptune graduated turned to the right.

with the trident at al neck e S note of the value. R. Ship's bow on the right. between two dolphins: above CN-'EV, of under PAS. 32. Coli. my. Two clipei decussated ellipticals: upstairs C. AX , a left UH, below VIR. R. Cignale running to right by mouth open, downstairs PA. It was published by Avellino on the example plare of the Bourbon Museum, but he did not hear of it the epigraph of straight. 33. Coli. my. Grotto between a twig of laurel and a branch of palm. R. Again, a left PA, a d. S. 34. Coli. my. Chair called faldistorio and PA, in exergue four globules. R. Fasci with the ax between the epigraphs L S, M.SS. 35. Coli. my. Head of woman a d. behind four globes. R. Cornucopia lemniscate, on the left CN- 'EV, on the right. PA. The Sextini {Descr. 20, 21) he makes a mistake by transcribing EV in place of "EV e figuring the head of Apollo. 36. Coli. mine. Woman that sitting a left inside a newsstand law: ad. MENS, a left GOOD. R. In the middle PA e S; around N GAVIL M- MARCI TT VIR. 37. Woman seated a d. inside a newsstand that law in a papyrus carried out: a left AAENS, a d. GOOD. A. Around W\. MARCI -/V- HVIR CABLES, in PA center, S. Of these bronzes

T. CXXITI LUCANIA OCCIDENTALIS misinterpreted because inai beds I have treaty particular- mind in Civil. Cat. (qnad. 716 page 203, 204) where I proved the error of Gerhard who read BONA DEA e believed to redeem it figurative. Now I have to tell Gerhard arrive Cavedoni, who preceded him {Sage 18, 19), misled by Mionnet himself (5wpp/. n. 737-45 etc.), whence the Gerhard he drew the false lesson. 38, 39. Coli. my. Again, at the top S; to. L- \EbE, on the left. PA. R. Timone, to the d.D. FAD, left. EPVL P: in n. 39 D- FAD EPVL DED. 40. Coli. my. Cornucopia, a left four globes, a d. L. \f . E. FA POLT. 41. (Carelli, GXXXIV n. 81). Cignale which runs to the right. above two globetti, under SEAP. R. FA) PolST. tab. cxxni. 1. Coli. my. Head of a woman a d. E. Pig face a left of above PA, in the exergue the note of sextant. 2. Coli. my. Head of woman a d. in front L • A/1 PR. E. Pig a d. above PA in the exergue the rota del sextant. 3. Coli, my Head of woman a d., before PAE. E. Pig a d-, upstairs PA, in the exergue the note of sextant. 4. (Minervini Obs. p. 128 T.V n. 7). Head of young Hercules with the skin of lion. E. Head of signal: of above the note of sextant, of under PA. Other similar, omitted the epi- graphe, yes is printed since Piorelli, Obs. p. 52 t. The nos. 23. 5. 6. My collection. (No. 5). It will be placed and balanced on the tip of xm pole supported firmly by two opposite rods : in one of the two spears there is the bag of metal to be weighed, in the other the weight: you can read it above : Q. LAVR (AVR in mon.) PR, in- the exergue PA. E. Two workers, one who seems to be in charge, the other who is underway of coin on the anvil a shots of hammer : of above D S S, left. MIL, in the exergue S. In n. 6 there is the only difference ference of the SPDD formula instead of (SP)DSS. 11 name of praetor Q. Laurenlius was not well expressed from Blacas that in frontispiece of Uisloire de the monnaie t. I pose: Q LAR • PR. The formulate it above it will read Signatum Paesti Decree Decurionum, or Signatum Paesti De Se- natus Sententia and from conft-onto it will be deduced that the Senate yes it's the Pesto one, the members of which more commonly yes they appeal decurions. 7. Coli. my. Joint heads of the two Dioscori entities-or crown faces a d. a left C LAI. E. Spiga wrath two globes e the legend bEX XXXX. Yes it is bed so far e it is read however LEX, but is of done that in my good preserved example- plare the first letter it's a b and not a L. The itself le- clear tion and clearly gives me an example of the San- . tangelo. Apparently that be beaten this one time the bronze col metal collected for a tax, which here yes he says the here- dragesima, similar in this to the tax called quadragesima Gal- liarum. The previous monogram composed of two L must dissemble a formula, p. e., law lata. 8. CoU. my. L-ARTV C- COMI T\ VIR which epigraph it is re- repeated backwards. He runs here the L. Artuenus e the C. Co- minius of bronze 22 tab. CXXII. 9. Coli. my. Diademed head a d., behind the back of my neck is a little globe E- Iron of trident. The name ethnic is missing. 10. Coli. my. Dolphin. E. Ferro of trident. Missing the name of city. 11. CoU. my. Ampoule of oil for the bathroom or the gym. E. Curry curry. Missing the name of Pesto. 12. Coli. my. Svargah^y-vdov, i.e. cruet and currycomb. E. Eamo of palm e flower lily. 13. Coli. Santangelo {Catalog 4604). Head of Minerva (P)AE. E. Caduceus between two letters NI. 14. 15. Coli. my. Head of a woman with hair collected in search of deputy time a d. e al n. 15 a left M!^EIA • W\ F. E. Edi- fizio with French windows and double eaves each at the head of plan land e the other on the floor superior; to. e a left P S S C, i.e Paesti signatum Senalus consulto. Get started over here the new one formulate it S C senatus consultation, e must understand that was the Senate they beat. 16. Paris, Gab. of medals (Mom.-Blac. H. de the mon. III p. 220). Head of Augustus time to left and it has in front the lituo auspicious. E. Around a degree e inside in tour M EGNATIVS • Q • OCTAVE(VS II VIR): in the middle PAE2 (PAE in mon.) S S • C. The P therefore Pae- this e accordingly 1' S, yes it's good played Signatum. 17. Coli. my. Bare head of Augustus time to d. in front it is the auspicious litual. E. Ceres seated with patera in the d. e surveyor's groma on which the glue rests left around it reads: C LOLLl M- DOI II VIR; in the PSSC exergue. Not it is ever been so far defined nature of the auction that the goddess has in left; now well observed you can see, what he has in top the decusse, i.e. groma, of which two remain sun ends in coinage. Gerhard therefore has no reason to have it defined by image of Bona Goddess fAbandl. der Drink. Akad. 1847, t. II p. 471 following). 18. Coli. my. Graduated head turned to left, front the lituo au- gural. AND.

Lam-ea and inside Q • OCT /V\ EGN -li VIR S • P • St • C. In other mine exemplary the name of duumvir M EGN precedes that of colleague Q • OCT. 19. Coli. my. Graduated head time to d., in front of the lituo wishes ral. E. Degree glue epigraph of n. 18. 20. Coli. my. Bare head of Augustus on the right, in front of the lituo au- gural. E. Diana with spear and bow e quiver on the humerus left. Around C • LOLLl M • DOI iT VIRI (IR in mon.) ITE: in the exergue P • St S • C . 21. Coli. my. Head of Tiberius graduated time a d. in half at acronyms PS SC. E. Victory with palm e crown a d., around L • LICIN(IVS ll)VIR. 22. Coli. my. Graduated head of Tiberius a d. e there P S a d. S C. a left E. Mars with helmet, auction and parazonium: around A \ERGILI (OP)T II VIR. 28. Coli. my. Graduated head time to left among them letters a left S C P S. In another example is the head it is turned to the right. e le let- tere are at left P S, a d. S C. R. Mars with helmet, banner military and parazonian: around A \£RGILI OPT II VIR. 24. Paris, Gab. of medals. Graduated head of Tiberius a d. and P S S C. R. Pileo flaminic and around L • CAEL • CLEM

182 LUCANI T. CXXIY FLA TI • CAESAR. Borghesi read badly (Oeuvr. Voi. Vili p. 239) TI • CAESI • L CAEL • CLEM • FLA and therefore he kept L. Caelius as a flame of Augustus that he implied; and I can't I tend to admit more of a flamen, he declared having to an- that imply that L. Celio with Tiberius Cesium they were duumviri. 25. Museum of Naples. Graduated head of Tiberius a d. and P S S C. R. Quadriga vault a left : around :L IVL • FEL • FLA • TI • CAESAR • AVG. At Carelli you can't divine the subject of reverse (Tab. CXXXV n. 110) nor the registration. The Cavedoni then callback here the interpretation of acronyms P Yes, that it is Plebs Scythian date from him in Bull. arch. napol. II p. 118 ; but now we know that P stands for the name of city, and yet Yes not it explains scythian, but signatum. LUCANI The tributes of the Lucanians first settled at the roots of the Gar- gano in those lands which the Atinates then occupied (Plin. Ili, IX, II), news given to us by Pliny alone. Then they moved guided, yes believe, from a Lucio (Plin. Ili, 1). The Latins they said the them LOVCANA land {Syll. 889) , the Greeks generally they call them XavxavoC, they are called XovxavoC and Ivxiavoi. Lucky in conquests, they were arrived in Lao in the year 328, with which Syracusan Aatiochus ends his story: thirty years after, when in 359 i Greeks of Enotria e those of the gulf of Taranto conclude an alliance between them defensive against Dionysius the old, they add more to it these new enemies of theirs, the Lucanians. The year 362 the Thurii were the first that they moved against and gave them battle near the tomb of Dragone in vicinity of Lao, which city the Lucanians intended to lay siege: Bovló^asvoi, writes Diodorus (XIV, 101) Aùov rcòXiv svSai'iiora nolioQxrj- am. But the Thurii they retreated beaten and the Lucanians proceeding they now stretched out without obstacles their dominion occupying from one side Posidonia around 363 and on the other by widening theirs conquests towards the gulf of Taranto. This state of things lasted up at 399, in which a part of the army revolted against them the weapons and earned the battle became in- employees e they gave themselves the name of Brezzii. The Lucanians then they turned at Greek cities weakened for their damage facts by the old Dionysius and after various war events, in who came to their defense the Spartan king Archidamus and Alex- sandro the Molossian, in 429 they managed to prevent yourself from dreaming of Heraclea, of Pandosia e of Crimissa, moving forward fin below the walls of Metaponto, but ne they were rejected from value of Cleonymus. There is a didrama bearing the name AOYKA (plate CXXIII, 26) instead of META how in other similar of Metaponto (CIV, 18). A this coin Mr. Imhoof- Blumer estimated that two more should be added, load-bearing I same type (CXXIV, 2, 3), if not that the helmet of Pallas it is attic e the AYK legend in monogram. Standing at notes rules, I believe, that the before you have to consider which one alliance with Metaponto, and I think so that in others have you part also Thurio, arguing from Pallas of Tm-io e from ear of Metaponto. Del rest the Lucanians coin the bronze only and in the name of the na- tion dividend the major unit in fourths e octaves parts. 26. CoU. Dupre in Paris. Head of Pallas with long hair knotted covered of helmet Corinthian time to d. R. Spiga of wheat come on which leaves stands out the flight a bird; a left AOYKA. 27. Head of the Victory turned to left R. Jupiter with scepter in the left fulminating a d. : from behind AOYKANO/V\. 28. Head of Victoria crowned of palm with hair tied in tuft on the top with the pendants to the ears turned to the left, before NIKA. R. Jupiter with scepter in the left fulminating a d. : at to EVS head, a left AOYKANO/V\. The at- tititude of Jupiter it is which one it is appropriate to those who want to throw with effect, and like Homer he wrote of Hector, that giving a big step, because he liked it good the shot, he hurled the big stone: {II. XII, 458): Ev dia^àg VAT /i-i} ot ù

200) than Pallas desire scare i enemies col brilliance of that weapon of his (Virg. Aen. IX. 733). Plate CXXIV. 1. Mia Coli. Head of Pallas covered equipped with helmet of ale e crowned of graduation time a d. R. ear of wheat e in- mark of a club placed on a leaf of the stem. This nummo equally gods two following yes damage in Metaponto. But not yes it is considered that Pallas metapontine door always the Corinthian helmet and so far there is only one example of the helmet attic, though on bronze. By plus the epigraph ethnic pili less shortened never fails. 2, 3. Mine coli. I types they are the same ones of the previous one, G- a lot there is in the drama of n. 2 the AK monogram e in that of no. 8 vi one reads t; ; in which they appear es- evenings grouped together the letters AYK which they can be accomplished with name of the Lucanians Greekizing, AYKjkvmv that is, Avxsiavwv. It is remarkable that they have transformed the AOYKANOM in AYKIANnN confirming like this that their AOYKOS it is

T. CXXIV UGLY 183 I same day the AYKOS gods Greeks, e that the protome of wolf you he alludes. 4. Diademed female head with hair collected e tied on vertex: has two wings around al neck. R. Jupiter in the chariot of horses faces on the right e launch yourself a great running, having neUa left the guides e I scepter, lightning glue right: of below ai horses there is the sign of a head of wolf, in- the exergue reads AYKlANilN. 5. Head of Hercules covered by a lion's skin facing right. R. Pal- covered lade of the helmet triphalos in long tunic e cipassi having the spear supported to the humerus left and harness bye the clypeus while moving the step a right turn around a left and it seems inviting i its peoples to follow her. Again here you can see it repeated for sign one head of wolf : yes- nistra reads: AYKIANilN. 6. Head of Jupiter laureate time a d. at the back of the neck there is an iron of spear. R. Eagle ad wings explain post in prospect e concerning a right around it is the epigraph AYKlANilN. BEUTTII We are still in spring darkness around to the origin of Brezzii. Diodorus of Sicily e Strabene they say that about the 395 formed part of the army invader of the Lucanians ; but they rebelled, e after a bloody conflict come ai pacts yes divided the conquered lands, remaining in position sex of those who were at noon in Lao e it's called- marono Brezzii, or yes SgansTcct, second Diodorus, why largely fugitives of their masters, the Lucanians. So they yes they established in republic and they took ad widen le conquests starting from occupying Terina, Hipponius, and many others city bro le such as Diodorus novera Turium: but this city must instead to have conquered from the Lucanians. Capital of this new one state was Cosenza where they opened a mint for the three metals which were minted in their name of the nation. Le city of Orsentum, Mesma, Nucria, Hip- pony, Petelia, e the itself Cosentia they coined in alone bronze e in Greek language e literature, how i they do- undermining. 7. Head of Neptune bearded e belt of diadem time a left of below al neck a dolphin. R. Teti veiled sitting on top a hippocampus what's going a right, while a cupid standing standing on a spiral of his tail he flashes to the left: to the right it is a star and at the bottom the epigraph BPETTIIIN. It weighs gr. 4, 31. 8. Head of Hercules bearded and covered in the lion's skin a left, to nape it is the club. R. Victoria in a current chariot a d. in progress to guide it while holding the whip in your hand : downstairs to horses it is a serpent that straightens itself : in the exergue BPETTIilN. It weighs gr. 2.15. 9. Head of young diademed Hercules e time to left at the back of the neck it is the club, e below of neck one scorpion. R. Victoria winged standing in feet with branch of palm in the left e lightning on the right: in front of left it's a thymiaterium or in- census taker, on the right BPETTIilN. 10. Mia coli. Head of Apollo graduated e time a d. to nape one head of bull. R. Diana standing in her tunic I wait with teda in the left e arrow in the d. having from at the dog from fighter lifting one foot standing on moves and looks at her : in top left another, a d. BPETTIilN. It weighs gr. 2.20. 11. Mia coli. Head of Pallas covered of Corinthian helmet ornate of crest e of a griffin current on nock time a d. R. Aquila ad wings open standing above lightning third turn on the left, on the right a rudder with its handlebar, on the left. BPETTIilN. It weighs gr. 2.20. 12. Eircherian Paired busts of the Dioscori covered of pileus nautical crowned of laurel on which his own star hangs and with chlamys buckled on the bare right humerus. A. The two twins ride at a gallop lift it up the hand, elated prosperous right, e I am accompanied come on two stars that they shine on them boss covered from pileus sharp them own : in the field below the horses is a naked dagger, in the exergue BPETTIilN. The weight of this number it is of gr. 3.60. 13. 14. The 14 is in my coli. Head of Victory surrounded by background done with hair collected e tied in tuft at the top, think teeth at the ears, the two wings close by the neck, and flap of tunic, at the back of the neck it's a snake. R. Bread standing in feet from whose forehead two horns emerge. He does it with the right solecchio : He has long hair e loose, sometimes scattered, one chlamydetta on the left arm and in hand a straight stick: in the field a d. of the no. 13 it is a censer and below the let- tera r, in that of n. 14 it is instead a snake e of below a ^: a left reads BPETTIi)N. The two specimens weigh gr. 1.10; 1.20. 15. Veiled head of Thetis belt of sphendon with the scepter at his side al neck e a bee at the back of his neck e pendants to ears turned a d. R.

Neptune standing in feet naked col foot right above a capital jonic lean the arm up that thigh e the left from which side a pigeon flies holding a crown: on the right it reads BPETTIilN. It weighs gr. 4.70. 16. Head of Mars barbata e covered of helmet Corinthian ornate of crest e of griffin on nock, time a left R. Pallas that goes towards the right with helmet, clypeus and staff and holding doses glue right to the edge of clypeus look in prospect: at al left foot it is an A^ monogram. 17. Head of Hercules young covered of bare of the lion turned to the right. a dagger at the back of his neck. R. Pallas with staff, clypeus and helmet moves the step a right time in front: in field a d. a plow, a left BPETTIilN. 18. Head of Jupiter graduate time to d. R. Eagle with open wings on lightning time of third year left; around BPETTIilN. 19. I types are the same as the n. 18 but Jupiter's head is inside a crown of laurel and at the eagle of the reverse a left y' is one lira : the eagle does not rest on lightning. 20. Head of bearded Mars covered of an ornate Corinthian galley of crest e of griffin on nock facing left. R. Winged Victory with, palm in the left that crowns a composite trophy of helmet, cuirass, greaves, clypeus and staff: in the framezzo field an anchor: a d. BPETTIHN; in high a moon growing.

184 SUPPLEMENT T. CXXV 21. Mia coli. Head similar to the previous one n. 20 e like this the re- verse in which one changes alone the monetary insignia placing itself here no cornucopia in place of the anchor. But in straight you yes Tede below the coUo one ear of wheat, e to nape there are two for you globes. It weighs gr. 3.30pm. 22. Head of GioTe graduated time to d., a bolt of lightning at the back of his neck. A. Naked Mars armed of galley, clypeus and auction it is in act to get involved against the enemy: close by the left foot it is one owl that fly. Sul clypeus brings as a sign a ful- mines, a left BPETTIilN. 23. Head of Victory with hair surrounded by a gathered background and tied on the Tertiee from one tapeworm le whose ends hang down dissolved : front left. it reads NiKA. R. Jupiter with scepter in the left rush the lightning a right : a left vi it reads BPETTIilN. 24. CoU. Saint. 1 same types of previous: but the Vit- toria has near the neck is a wing, and can be read in front of it on the left. NIKA TiMilN: in reverse a d. there is a dolphin. 25. Coli. Luynes. Laureate head of Apollo facing left. at the back of the neck a tripod. R. Victoria that guide one biga elevating the whip: lightning below; in the exergue BPETTIilN. 26. Diademed head of Victory with hair collected and year- vertex data, pending to ears, tape al coUo, wing at the back of the head turned to left R. Gìoto with scepter in the left guides the chariot by striking to the left: in the exergue BPETTlilN. 27. Mia coli. Head of Thetis covered from bare of great marine chio time a left R. Marine crab e the epigraph BPETTIilV. 28. Mia coli. Head youthful with long hair crowned of ears of wheat time a left, to nape ear of wheat. R. Crab marine : in high cornucopia e in field BPETTLlN. 29. Mia coli. Head of Pallas covered of helmet Corinthian time a left R. Civetta standing third and around BPETTlilN. 30. My coU. Head of young Hercules covered from the strip of lion turns to left R. Arco e club and around BPETTlilN. 31. Avellino, Opusc. The, tab. TV, 14. Bust of donkey, that is of mule face a d. R. Plow e below BPET. SUPPLEMENT He was already running the third year since they had been given to me engraved le plates LXXII and LXXIII in which ones he had collected as much as I he had come on the hands of coins etrushehe with types of Gor- gone, of Pallas e of Hercules, when I came in possession almost everything a deposit of coins silver found in close of Sovana from part that look Saturnia distant alone twelve miles, the which one as far as I am concerned it was said from the beginning it had 116 coins. I've had them one hundred and two ; of others fourteen, eight I am stay offers to the march. Strozzi, what's wrong with him chosen alone three. I. Head of Pallas. 7?. The legend what is it the u- same as that of n. 9 of this one table. II. The Gorgon with on the contrary the surplus of the legend ^ V ... A which is entire in the my del n. 1. III. Head of Apollo a left, e al reverse two circles bribes with letters in both. Le letters I am 'IV in a circle e A in the other e there it is confirmed that these numbers I am of Pupluna as can be deducted from your assets! found in nu- mere of eighteen in the closet of Sovana, e only them. Us we can therefore call them dramas, had about half of type of those who have the gorgon as a type, rather than by analogy let's say didramas. Didramas with the guy of the Gorgon or I am smooth inside out that is, they have registrations symbols e signs. Thirty-eight are smooth, ten are inscribed: four of them fit decussate lines, ten have the octopus, one the caduceus, one the pa- Pavero, one the cornucopia, three have signs not yet certain. There are two smooth didrachmas with the type of Pallas, there are seven registrations. By those col type of Hercules one only has the club al reverse e another one fistula or pastoral syringe. Le eighteen drachmas are all smooth, four of they have by type the female head, twelve the youth. All of them le registrations of this coins they bring the name of Populonia: meanwhile the provenance proves that they had run in Sovana and probably in the Caletrano countryside: because the colony Saturnia was in that field deducted by the Romans in 519 (Liv. L. XXXIX): Saturnia colony civium romanorum in agrum caletranum this is deduced. The ancient city that occupies the place where the Romans planted it, e had to be been destroyed, if the his territory had been awarded to the Caletrani. Pu inhabited city by the Aborigines and the Pelasgians (Dion. Halic. L. I), then ceases to Etruscans and then to the Eomani. Not it is sure if the Eomani resurrect- taxero the primitive name, or if they have them they imposed it as it seems to me : alone we know that it was called Aurinia e it was later called Saturnia.

From all this Etruscan deposit, the largest and richest how many yes you know to have discovered over time gone, I have chosen those pieces that were missing to my work or there were no such good ones represented e no I have composed the supplement with small arrived at other coins, that came to me when they were already engraved le tables, where they should have put. Then I said said to give an essay of coins omitted in the work because misattributed in the catalogues and in works of numismatics at cities in Italy, or why shaped by moderns and for some time mentioned and comment how genuine, that is that however they are held for such. Tat. CXXV. 1. Populonia. Head of Gorgon view of prospectus with hair loose and with a protruding tongue : of below is the note from value XX. A. In the center a crescent moon with a iron of trident: around AMA (>l'l)V'l and in the interval two stars a four rays with two small globes vertically between them places. It weighs gr. 7.50 ed it is somewhat used. This number it was already published by Eekhel who found a copy in Grand Ducal Museum of Florence: Vet. Num. p. 10: but not he noticed you that only one on the obverse and placed a simUe X on the re- towards, where is instead a four-rayed star; the rest left hollow due to minting defect. The CareUi reproduced it tab. VII, 3, at which place Cavedoni noted that the last letter was perhaps

T. CXXY SUPPLEMENT 185 a V and that's it Millingen who wrote (Coiisidérat. p. 166) that "Eckhel was mistaken regarding the fourth letter which had taken for an A, but what it was a V mal figurative ». Eckhel was not deceived, and the Museum of Paris keep a second copy not known so far and published by me in the tab. LXXII n. 15. I add two examples to these a third : I also warn you that in my collection there are some Serbian two more with this legend: fll/lfl>l'1V'1. 2. Similar head to the previous one : of below vi yes they conserve le two tens X:X, with in half the two points vertical. R. \A\/-i(t> in the middle in letters of relief. It weighs gr. 7.80. The legend says Phtun where the last letter does not it is done. It's remarkable the replacement of (J) to 8 or to A in this one voice. 3. Similar head to the previous ones, but wears a crown on his head composed of a tiara with on the front six articulated leaves. yes. Octopus with seven tentacles: two are indicated at the top right small octopuses and on the left. the handle of a trident iron: weighs gr. 7.70. 4. Head similar to the previous one: of below two o'clock dozens ser- bate from coinage. R. Octopus e of above two other octopuses but small: a left they have you between two tridents. It was known the octopus on showers of coins of Populonia and had some yet I given an essay in the tab. LXXII n. 14: but the deposit of Sovana he gave us some of the best e ornamented gods missing tridents in those. He's coming appropriate here the say, than for this discovery gods small octopuses yes you can explain the reverse of a published coin from Mieali Ital. av. the Roma. Table LIX n. 3 and reproduced by Carelli (Tab. VII, 6), on which reverse are represented four little ones octopuses. Our store also has other seven coins with this symbol in this notable that sometimes a lot missing octopus, why out out of coinage, they remain two alone tentacles they occupy everything the field. The weight of this coin it is of gr. 8.10. 5. Head similar to the previous one, however, she has a simple diadem around ai hair. R. Poppy sylvan e tracks of today- jets uncertain. It weighs gr. 8.35. 6. Head similar a that gods no. 3, 4. R. Cornucopia in re- mild very low. It weighs gr. 8.10. 7. Head similar ai no. 1, 2 : of below to the chin the two tens they are between two dolphins. R. Vi a caduceus is seen. Didramas with al two caduceus were known to us (Pl. LXXII n. 13), but here furthermore they can be seen there of tracks of epigraph 'ìY-l belonging to the first coinage. It weighs gr. 8.20. 8. Head of Pallas post of third on the left covered of helmet triphalos with the addition of two pens on the nock side to crest out of the way. Ha i hair scattered and wears earrings and rich necklace around his neck. On the left there is a dolphin and two tens from side right. A. Waxing moon e inside a star a four rays: around vi yes law in circle fMV>llV'1. It weighs gr. 7.70. This legend you have half in other exemplary. 9. Head that was meant to be similar to already described n. 8 if it were success well expressed by the coinage : but instead we earn ima new legend of the backhand, a prelude to which we have had so far in the incomplete epigraph of the Borgia nummo given by me and for conjecture supplied in the Plate LXXII n. 30. Vi yes you see in the middle a crescent moon with a star in the center for- mate of seven globes around one central: the epigraph yes reads: ^NI:^V^UVNfl:^E5. The same whole legend yes has above others two specimens of mine collection e above a fourth of the same closet purchased from March. Strozzi : for half then in two others of mine. The weight of this one that I give engraved it is of gr. 8.30. 10. Juvenile head of Hercules post faced with the first la- nugine to the cheek e covered from skin of lion. R. Compound pastoral pistol of reeds decreasing a right. It weighs gr. 8.30. Three similar specimens they had this from closet. A exemplary of recent purchased from March. Strozzi, but a reverse smooth, weighs g. 8.38. 11. Head youthful of Hercules covered from skin of lion : the contraction of the mouth resembles that of Grorgoni, but he hasn't the tongue protruding : instead on the chin it reads of relief the retrograde letter 3. R. Club on a smooth field. It weighs gr. 8.20. Two similar letters in importance were observed serve and diligently noted by Mr. Imhoof-Blumer sui bodies of animals, at which ones add E on the body of the half lion of Velia (Plate CXVIII, 25) : but it's new at all seeing each other now on Hercules' chin. The Eretrians of Euboea on the field some coins marked a 3 initial of their name. 12. Coli. Strozzi. It was part of the Can collection. Andrew Iorio in Naples: then it was owned from the beginning of this century from one illustrious family Florentine; me writes the Mr. marquis Strozzi. Hippocampus a d. under A, around tour of dots. R.

Just four stars in a group visible in rest maybe smooth, of gr. 2.75. The weight that is greater double of the two quinari! of Pelsina (LXXI, 12, 14) e of third example edited here al number following, would give a whole of 5.50 grams and a multiple of gr. 11.00. To which system yes pull over that of the aurei gods Carthaginians in Sicily, the whose largest unit it is of gr. 10.94, - 10.14, e yes divides in sixth. 13. Coli. Strozzi, found between Orvieto and Bieda. Head of a woman dyad- mata with pendants e necklace time to d. in front of the neck A. R. Cane current a right, in the exergue \/^l, e in a exemplary of the Museum British VAV

186 SUPPLEMENT, ATTACKS T. CXXV {Catal. p. 77 n. 20). This legend believes the Mommsen {H. de the mon. I, p. 280) has not yet been explained. But yes it's pure said that with such name I am indicated him hyllenses, folks Illyrian called second Apollodorus, from Hyllus son of Hercules (Eustatli. ad Dionys. v. 384 (cf. Ste- phan. byz. s.T.) From this new coin where the legend is IM we learn that the cited coin with VVI must read- gersi externally IM, still belonging it to an alliance of Crotone with Imera. 16. Coli. mine. Two o'clock similar coins of toilet of Paris publish from Kochette (Mém. numism. pi. I, 3, 4) they have me induced to have this one of mine engraved, because it is better preserved. It is double relief, he has a 3 between his legs of the naked young man that shake the branch, e a left le initials ••A>l of Caulonia. On the reverse the OE bro the legs of the deer is initial of- the artist of minting: on the labrum or tub of water, symbol known of a source, there is a goose that flaps its wings, believed to be a swan from Kochette (p. 20). A very recent purchase of a se- exemplary condo similar al yeah, engraved from Kochette n. 3, where a right of the young man you can see it that that mess of lines of the Parisian example it's ima chair maybe votive, al reverse it seems he has come a dissipate the darkness that re- gnano around to the explanation of type. I'm gone benefited in text modifying it depending of registration KOKIN. . which can be read on the head of the young man shaking the branch, in which I seemed to have to recognize the personification of the river that flows for the valley of Caulonia, and now I see that in instead, he reveals himself to me as the personification of the pro- montorio Cochinth that col rescue of Zephyr shaking the branch purges the suffocating air and badly healthy of valley [avXcSv), in whose means Caulonia was site. The deer sacred a Cocinto and the water source are convenient episodes al- the action of the number e a that almost lustration of the valley. 17. Mia coli. The type of this currency is the same as that ordinary yes it has above the coins included of Caulonia : the figure that shake the branch she is diademed e the sketch that runs on the arm stretched out of her shake two branches each in one hand : from the plan where pose the deer tick a germ of a little plant it seems of laurel. Above all though matters the legend in a very minute character around to head which when examined through a double lens seems to say IKETESI(A) (= IKETHPIA) col what new word it seems to me that the Cro- toniati they wanted express le solemn supplications allo aim to obtain that benefit from Cochinth to purge e refresh the air together with the Zephyr. The S put for P in Caulonia not must bear more surprise that the O for £1 in KavXoi'iàTìjs of some its coins. EKRONBE ATTRIBUTIONS UNCERTAIN (Plate CXXV). 1. Carelli, tab. CV n. 80, 31. Head of archaic vault style a d. backwards included. My- mine drawing it is taken from an example plare of coli. Lovatti. Found it in earth of Otranto, e though attributed to Taranto; but this city has no money incuse. 2. Museum of Vienna. Nude female bust galley a left from- boast three globes. there. Cornucopia between le letters AO in co- rona di lauro. It is related to Locri epizephyria : but maybe it is of Aoyytiivri in Sicily, or of other city starting from Ao: it certainly isn't of Italic style and art. 3. Museum of Propaganda. Bust of Pallas covered of helmet Corinthian e time to d.; in front in letters well preserved ATJNilN. the?. Ship a oars private of trees e without ro- stro, with two o'clock extreme speak of stern e of the bow round and times in inside. In Italy there were two cities of name Atinum, one volsca, the other Lucanian, but both removed from the sea: there were the Atìnates Vauni, of which Pliny speaks, where he writes that they were of three kinds the Apulians, the Damages, that is, the Theans e the Lucanians, e that these they were subjugated by Calchas the whose place they hold now the Ati- born: Lucani subaoii a Calchante, quae loca nunc lieutenant Alinales. Back in the day of Strabene (p. 233) showed itself the if- polcher of Calchas on the Dryon hill of G-argano (VI, 3. 9). But the busts of Pallas I am unknown to numismatics of- Italy e the shape of the ship not there is no comparison. 4. Head of a woman with hair turned back and tied to cervix from tapeworm or diadem. R. Head of lion roaring time a d. This coin has only a few analogy with real types liesi, in which ones of I'm not staying there alone head of fair yes it is never seen before of profile, and neither there is an example of epigraph omitted, if not in sun incuse, to which class it does not belong to be double relief. Lo style it is also superior in finitude a those usual mint in Velia. Instead, a coin is found of this style published from Duchalais e attributed to Guido {Recherchen sur guel- these points of Vhist. numism. de la ville de Guide, pi.

VIII, n. 3, 4, 4): He it's true which, as well the Mr. Poole mi writes, I style of it it is different from that of the currency by Guido : but not therefore I we will give a Velia that ha piìl serious reasons not to accept it. 5. Coli. Hunter, tab. 44, XV, in the University of Glasgow. Head of lion seen of rough style face. B. Square included e divided in four triangles with decus- diagonals sate. He has it Carelli in the table. CXCII, 6 , where he attributes it in Reggio of Calabria. It instead it seems coin to me of Panticapeum, from which coins were issued that have the type e I style similar to this. Reggio never has co- niata coin with incuse square, and without its name. 6. Bearded head graduated, perhaps of Neptune facing left. B. Ca- I pass it to the right. between the legs a T; I think he's from Taranto, but there is no certainty. 7. Coli. Hunter. Head of Pallas covered of helmet Corinthian time a d. B. Civetta in front and on the right. a vase e i glo- Betti from Triente ; on the left then the legend VALENT(IA), the which internally read by right a left was date for niNlTA and assigned to Atina in Lucania. I have some already talked about in the Civil. Cat. (Quad. 750, page 737, 738). 8. Carelli, plate CLXXXV, 59. Youthful head with florid hair crowned of cruet time to d. : with horns bovine that him they emerge from the forehead; front niXO. B. Clava in the middle of

T. CXXV SUPPLEMENT 187 two snakes and around K. . . TilNI. This reverse it is bed so, from Carelli, supplied e attributed in Crotone, I para- I compare this number to a similar one of the Museum Santangelo, coined give it Ippouiati (tab. CXVl, 11), where instead of legend niXO you have AlPEilN: on the reverse then the club is from part of the handle gripped by a tapeworm whose ends hang gift a I flutter, around vi it reads the name EIPilNIEilN: in a second example of coli, same the tapeworm vi is omitted e the legend begins from left EIP.ilN'l It may be that the Hipponians have done bind with the Croto- niati, and that this coin be the expression, but is of done, that the coin Carellian not yes is never view, ed instead of the Santangelian yes they have already two copies, oh they differ only in the incomplete legend in the Carelliana and for the two snakes, that in ours they are tapeworm, differences easy to explain in one example alone and badly preserved. 9. (Car. tab. CXCI, 56). T. of Pallas on the right. with crested galley. R. Cluster above OPA, around AOKPXIN. On this mo- net in place of (|)PA it is state OPPA bed and it is attributed to a colony of the Locrians epizephyrii from Ignarra {De pa- neap slab. p. 253), from Magnan [BruUia numism. p. 9), from Arditi {IH. of a front vase found in the mines of Lo- cri Nap. 1791 n. 2), from Eckhel {D. n. v. I, page. 183), e by Romanelli {Topogr. part of the kingdom I, page 145). This specimen from the Museum of the Duke of Noia passed to that one of Naples, but Avellino he demonstrated that doesn't it was been well bed and bad interpreted. A second exemplary, that the Fiorelli calls it very conservative {Ann. of numism. 1876, page 124, 124), was then bought in Naples by Friedlaender and placed in the Museum of Berlin. See it the Mommsen, e vi he read like the Ignarra and the Arditi OPPA AOKP^N, of which discovered he wrote a little dissertation in the aforementioned Annals, where to try the existence of this one Now of the Locrians, he attached the step of Varro already used by Romanelli e become therefore famous. But the Friedlaender, questioned from me, if however he believed that in that coin of his yes read OPPA AOKPHN, mi he wrote on June 16, 1883: « I have the honor of respond that I have under eye the identical exemplary of the coin of Locris, bought by me in Na- poles in 1846 for this r. Medal collection. Mi I'm sorry of having to say, that the registration it is (J)PA AOKPIIN not OPPA, how it was bed by the publisher. Two others better specimens show anyway (fiPA. All this it is at all sure, and the eh. Avellino {Booklets II p. 114) he already said it while speaking of the specimen of the Medalist of Naples. « Furthermore the coin has no resemblance with coins of Now, but it belongs to Locris of Greece, where ce there are many others similar, even some that they have instead of (J)PA other name abbreviated of magistrate » . With this everything is removed credit of the Ignarra and Mommsen, e furthermore, it remains demonstrated that the coin with (jlPA or other name of magistrate, belongs to Locris in Greece. D Millingen {Consid. p. 10) therefore did not resolve the issue when it had written, that the OPPA AOKPilN currency does not it was from a co- lonia of the Locrians epizephyrii, but yes gods Locrisi epicnemidii, because not OPPA but the real lesson was EflIKNA... True it is (})PA e true ETIKNA, but both they are names of magicians layers. 10, 11. Bro coins whose authenticity is controversial for some, for others is denied of everything, I thought about having an exhibition here of the two coins of silver placed below i a. 10, 11. The before them n. 10 was from coli. Luynes, second in that of Blacas, of of which I have a copy in electroplating: both were then published first by the Duke of Luynes in the Rev-ue numism. 1839 pi. XIV, 1, 2, and had it engraved again from bar. de Witte, H.de the hand. t. TV, 1870, pi. XVIII, 2, 3 : accurately, as he attests, pag. 120. They were both held to be authentic duke de Luy- nes: Duke Blacas e the bar. de Witte they appear undecided for le considerations Mommsen's epigraphs: false, fal- yes and I judge them to be of modern invention, having seen them feel at ease. In the first n. 10, we read KVPl and POMA, in the second n. 11, 0VAUANTE: V (NT in mon.) for the de Witte, OVAI-ANTE: A pel Blacas; It seemed like an OVA to me. LANTE:A, that is Valanted. It is then easy to investigate what had in mind the inventor of the type and the legend: the ton- dino can be of ancient coins replied. Other coins yes they are demonstrated by me in the course of statement incorrectly read and attributed, and yet it was not here to reproduce them. Such are those of Asia in Magna Gre- bye {Cw. Cali. Quad. 698 pages. 226-229), of Marrubium in Marsica, of Marciva in the Picentini, of Murgantia or Murlantia nelSannio (Lanzi, Saggio II p. 601 ; CaronniMus. Hedervar. p. 20).

Among the misattributed coins are the Epize Locri. Carelli's family (tab. CLXXXIX, 23): Head of a woman with ca- scattered skins and necklace around the neck, third vault on the right. R. Pegasus a d. and of below A. This bronze by Carelli it is given in Locri. The Millingen I declares of evidently factory italic {Consid. p. 69) ; but Mr. Imhoof-Blumer it is of another opinion. I don't I have seen a exemplary in the Baselice collection in Biccari, where also I learned that yes it was found at Mottola. Similar to this it is the small bronze of the Museum of Vienna, where the woman looks of third a sin., ha i hair scattered, and the series which is only richer. Furthermore to the two sides on the neck the epigraph A^IT can be read divided, which we find in a another number also attributed to Locri epizephyria, (cf Car. Descr. 18 tab. CLXXXIX, 29) instead of the Greek. In reverse the Pegasus it is face a left and has likewise the A between the legs. I also excluded for warning of Mr. Imhoof- Bliimer from coins italic that of the Hederva Museum- rian date from Carelli (tab. CLXIII n. 59) to Heraclea, which not it is ours of Italy. That is a modern imposture incuse of the Museum of Florence: Going signal a right e the same fair included on the reverse : where in the exergue of the obverse it reads AAR and on the reverse AOM. The genuine it is from me in- cisa in tab. CXVin, 22. In this one of Florence that I see cited by Fabretti, the forger he imitated the image well of there- signal, but he didn't know then understand e copy, how often happens, the paleographic forms of epigraph, e gave at the T the strange shape of a square with line vertical a de- 24

183 SUPPLEMENT T. CXXT sti-a, and the letter ^{mu), changed to the Doric M(sa»i). Furthermore the Boar made us walk on the cliffs but on flat ground. FAKE COINS 1. In the Museum Olivieri of Pesaro. Melted Triente and not coined, as he believed the Mommsen (//. delam. I, 388). It has a two-faced beardless in straight between four globes, note of value, e on the reverse half ship, in high it reads f1>Jt. It weighs one ounce and a eighth. Olivieri eie the placed in the his Museum didn't let us know how and whence he got it; publishing it he attributed it to Telamon {Foncl. of Pesaro p. 85). The Sparrows do reproduced (Parai, p. 181 tab. Ili, 4), but omitted two gods globes e he gave it for sextant. The Guarnacci he then gave jbando also ai two globes leave from Sparrows [Orig. Htal. I, tab. 5VII, 9) and was therefore a stumbling block to Lanzi, who the took from him [Essay t. The table VI n. 4), without any sign •of value. P. Eckhel I he repeated from Olivieri and therefore I de- he wrote for trient (D. n. v. 1, p. 94). I PP. Brands e Weavers ai which ones mattered very much bronze so sin- throat, they asked and they obtained a copy which still was conseva in the Kircherian e you can see it outlined in ta- vole dell'^es grave (1839), but among the uncertain coins, tab. V n. 19 : in text Father Marchi made no mention of it. Seeing the Millingen, which despite its clear inscription was erased give it hardcover publishers bro the coins uncertain, judged that the epigraph was modern {Considérat. 1841 p. 173), and yet the attribution was uncertain, because founded, sur des le- supposed people. Mommsen believed that bronze me- ritava trust of authenticity, e there were two specimens owning one the Olivieri Museum of Pesaro, a second the Kircherian {H. of the m. 1, p. 388). Seeing and not understanding why a Canvas bronze mone yes was given for uncertain, and why not if it were spoken in text in no way, no I wrote al Weavers, from which one I had for answer the 23 August of 1865, that the bronze original of Pesaro it was been judged from him one imposture, nevertheless for satisfaction of everyone had it placed in the tables of the grave Aes, but among the uncertain coins, e so done it draw also in thickness, why yes would see ad eye, what it should have been made to reflect neck written, similar to confirm the judgment of imposture; « and for this reason nothing in the text it's said." Give her which modes- ste words clear yes deduces, that P. Marchi author of text not wanting to confirm the sentence of Tessieri, nor contradict them, preferred not say about it nothing. . Coli. Hunter, tab. XXII. The types are well known in the coins of Crotone, and Velia to whom the names of the two have been added city, but not as we read in sincere numbers. The engraver that he imitated yes good i tipi did not know how to regulate the epigraphs. The Eckhel exclaims [D. n. v. 1 p. 173) : Here litteras MI et KIl additas expediverit magnus hercle is mihi Apollo sit.'He was far from the thought that it was a work of a forger, but I he argued from elegance of art, and why in another currency of Crotone it read KPOTOMI2. Now it is demonstrated that the numus illustris (Eckhel, 1. cit. p. 165) of harmony between the two cities Crotone and Velia it is modern falsification: neither Velia nor Crotone have never beaten the tetradram. Nonetheless the Hey I am accepts in his Repertoire p. 88, citing the Mion- net and gives it to him the value of 70 ducats. Nor it was remembered that the Triedlaender in the Oscan coin booklet he had said it- clarify false, and that judgment it was been approved by Cavedoni [Bull. Instit. 1850 p. 146) With hope better succeed in the fraud, the forger yes it benefited of a tetradram of Syracuse for coin on his coin i types of Velia, in that way that the fal- sario of Ascoli Piceno yes it is served of acorns missiles ancient, to imprint the legends on them and make them believe genuine. This coin was in Thorwaldsen's collection (L. Mùller, Descr. des monn.ant. du Musée Thorw, Copenh. 1851, p. 150) ed it is was remembered as false by Miner- wines [Bull. burn. nap. n. s. VI, 96).

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