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The Coins of Ancient Italy — 1885
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T. LXXXVII. CAMPANIA 89 of the Penates introduced into Italy from Phrygian Aeneas, and that Capua it was said to have been founded by Capys anchor it Phrygian nation. What the Penates used to keep themselves veiled Minervini proves it (n. 28) with a passage from Lycophro and commented by his scholiasts. Plate LXXXYII. 1. Carelli, LXIX, 19. Head of Capua surrounded by a turreted crown on which the lightning bolt is carved in relief. It faces right. and behind it has two stars, which are the note of value : more of a tool uncertain, second the Friedlaender, but that is possible say second Cavedoni (Bull. Instit. 1850, 197) a cornet from hunting. There he also opines that the thunderbolt carved on the turreted crown alludes to the Phlegraean fields, where Jupiter struck lightning the giants. R. Ca- knight armed with armour, of helmet e of chlamys that runs on the right with the spear lowered; behind al horse i two stars, of below a mighty whirlwind; in the exergue DIIN)! 2. Coli. Saint. I same types e the same turbines. The star note that it is worth one ounce; in the exergue UHN)!. 3. Carelli, tab. LXIX, 7. Graduated head of Jupiter facing right. behind two stars sign of value. there. Two young men in tunics belt, chlamys e high shoes, which together support a porchetta and they rise high at par i daggers pronouncing together the formulate it of oath ; a left the two stars; in the exergue DDR)!. The Avellino {Op. 11, 3, 1) printed a copy with three stars, I believe for error. 4. Cast. Head of Jupiter similar to the previous one, behind the star value index. B. Victory crowning trophy; to. the star; in the exergue DnR>l. 5. Cast. Head of Pallas covered of aulopid time a d. B. Victory showing off a crown time to left, in the field there a star; in the exergue DilR)!. 6. Cast. Two joined heads, one of Jupiter and the other of Juno to which one in other specimens yes you see added I scepter behind the neck. /?. Jupiter with the scepter in his hand strikes lightning in a rapid quadriga; in the exergue HflR)!. 11 weight is gr. 57, 43. 7. Mus. of Naples. Beardless two-faced crowned with laurel. R. Jupiter in a quadriga led by a little victory he holds the scepter in his hand left and it strikes glue right: in the exergue UflN)!. It was known come on times of Micali {Italy av. Rom. tab. LIX, 14). If They have two examples in the Museum of Naples e a third it is in the Luynes collection. E. weight of ours is gr. 45, 38. 8. Juvenile head covered of helmet a two fail and in vertex crested, ha i hair divided in lists wicks and look a d. R. Pegasus in act of fly, between her legs DflR)!: below the note of qaùncunce •»••». 9. Head of Jupiter facing right. R. Lightning and note of the trient • • or • . 10. Head of Ceres crowned of ears. R. Ox facing right who looks in prospect ; in the field of above the note of dial ••• in the exergue HflR)!. 11. Head of young Hercules time a d. glue club behind the oc- cipita. R. Leone that tightens with the paw of the foot left a spear by placing it al neck; in the field upstairs is the note of sextant ••, in the exergue HflN)!. It doesn't count the os- Cavedoni's service, a which it seemed that the venabulum was broken in ends of the auction and remembered the place of Vir- gilio (Aen. XII, 8) fearless frangit tdum {Bull. Inst. 1850, p. 197). 12. Head of diademed Diana time to d. with the bow e the quiver at at the back of the neck. R. Cignale which goes to right; in the field of above the note of the ounce, in the exergue DDR)!. 13. Coli. Luynes. Head of Diana crowned of salcio time to d. behind the back of the neck it is the arch e instead of the quiver there is one lamp on. A. Similar al n. previous. 14. Coli. my. Diademed youthful head vault to the right, behind the arch. R. Cignale a right, in the exergue HflR)!, in the field of above the note of the ounce. 15. Head of a faun with two horns growing out of it on the forehead: behind it he has a curved and knotted rod. B. Cignale who runs a right, above note of the ounce, in the exergue DHIN)!. 16. Head of Jupiter laureate turned to d. B. Eagle on lightning, of below :nR>l: it is of gr. 22, 173. 17. I same types but its weight it is of gr, 11, 14 and it seems that the bezel that you see a right of the eagle yes the note from value, that it is half of the previous one, yes it a axis reduced to uncial, as an estimate the Kochette {Fonili, de Capue p. 90), or a trient, as he thinks the Mommsen (pr. the Minervini, Obs. p. 22). 18. Museum of Vienna. Head of young Hercules diademed and vaulted a d. with the club near the back of the neck. R. Horse without brake which runs to the right, in the field above the note of the dial • • •. It is embossed on a Roman coin of which one remains on straight the EOMA legend and leaves from the bow of the ship. DOWN! 19. Head of Jupiter laureate turned to d. behind the note of the se- standing in two stars. R. Diana driving the chariot of horses above the two stars in the exergue ITR>IR>I. 20. Coli. Luyn. Head of Jupiter time a d. R.
Victoria that co- rona a trophy: in the exergue ITN>1N>I, in the field a star. 21. Coli. Luynes. Graduated head of Jupiter time to d. behind the note of triente • • • » . B. Jupiter with it scepter in the si- window mounted in a rapid quadriga hurl lightning: below it is the note from trient; in the exergue ITR>IN>1. Plate LXXXVIII. 1. Missing, so far the dial. H sextant has for type the head of Jupiter laureate facing right: behind the two globes • • . R. Jupiter fulminating in a quadriga facing right. behind the two glo- betti, in the KNURT exergue. 2. Millingen Anc. coins. I, 3. Head bearded, judged be of Neptune asphalium from Cavedoni here e in the currency if- guents {Bull. Instit. 1850 p. 198), and no attach for reason i frequent earthquakes. It is time a d. e It has a little globe behind it. R. Ferro of trident e the epigraph T1Q>llfl>l. 3. In the Parisian medal cabinet. Bearded head laureate time to d. A. Unbridled horse running to the right : bro le legs im small globe, in the exergue the epigraph ITR>)N>I.
90 CAMPANIA T. L XXXIII ATELLA 4. In the Museum of Naples (Avellino, Booklet II, 2, 9). Head of sun crowned of sixteen rays, on the left uu star. R. Ele- infantryman African face a d. in the exergue (
The Campanians occupied Messina in 475, that is, somewhat later they issued the coin in the name of the Mamertines, MAMEPTINjCIN, i.e of the Campanians who yes they were given a this name (Eckhel D. n. V. I, XXXI) from their native god Mars in the Oscan Mamers language. Some of these bronzes were reworked by the Velecani, which they had merged before the coin with the types of the sun and the bust of horse and glue 3D legend. (See plate LXVI no. 3-10). The coinage purred of this one city may belong al- the era of Pyrrhus ; but the minted oh he has types Africans will have to bring yourself back to the two o'clock time Punic wars. CUBUULTERIA 13. 14. Head of Apollo graduated once a left R. Ox go- prosopus crowned by Victory. The Oscan epigraph we read in straight as in n. 13, l41VHq3T>l3nV>l, or in the exergue of reverse is sometimes erroneous as in this n. 14, where 1' U is face on the right In other copies of n. 13 there is also the O or other letter at the back of the neck of Apollo and re§ bro the legs of the ox. CAIATIA 15. Head of Apollo graduated time a left where they remain le tracks of the legend NilA relative al type front.
T. LXXXVIII CAMPANIA 91 /?. Ox androprosopus crowned from Victoria; that exergue VAKV\\Tfitfly\. 16. Head of Pallas aulopid blanket facing left. R. Gallo who sings to the left. a star, on the right, CAIATINO. To 1841 when the Milliugen who gave birth to the Considerations did not stand out the Campanian Caialia from the Oscan Calatia, and therefore it is that he attributes finds the Oscan coins belonging to S. M. delle in Caiazzo Galazze {Consid. n. 191, 192). VENAPKUM 17. Coli. my. Head of Apollo graduated a left in front of WVQìNNa. R. Androprosopus ox on the right. crowned by Victory; between the legs K. Two glohetti were imprinted on the face of Apollo in con- tromarca. This bronze belongs to a found deposit on the mountain of Prosolon in Sannio. 18. In the Museum of the University of Glasgow. Head of Pallas turned to the left. R. Gallo on the right. who sings, on the left. the star, on the right. FEINAF A second example was already in the Willenheim collection (Ca«ai. n. 503) described as follows: Tete de Pallasadr. R. ENAF coq to dr. /E 2 1 : In the Hunterian tables reads FEINAF, but in the imprint that I have in front of me that I don't measure how much the other letters of the epigraph. Milliugen ruled {Consid. p. 206) that the Himterian coin it was of Calvi, with read- genda altered from the oxide. A exemplary it is now come from Fiesole in my collection in which the legend is FE'NRF as in the example of Hunter. TELESIA (SAMN.) 19. CoU. Santangelo (Minerv. Obs. p. 20). I types are similar al n. previous, the epigraph is 5I513T in the two examples shown they have. The Latins say Telesia. It is I note the exchange of d in l in the Latin entries (Varrò, R. R., Ili, 87), and so the Eomani from San- nitico fllHHV5IV>IR they made Aquilonia. A third example of this this coin you would have if truly Keynier had read how to print in a whip coin ..513... which could sup- plirsi with JIJ13T ; but i guys are from Atella and yet it has to be written there .. .351 . .. The coin of the Eeynier is mentioned from- Avellino (Op.U p. 31); Minervini (Obs. p. 21) the estimate of dubious attribution for the brat epigraph. ALIPHA (SAMN.) 20. Head of PaUade covered with attic helmet girded with degree on which rests an owl. R. Ox androprosopus face on the left above AL-l-o-HA. This coin was discovered by Benigno Tuzi in s. Germano and it is this that is preserved in the collection Santangelo. Then there was a second example but fo- derated ed he entered in the same collection. But an example plare front it was already in the collection of card. Ste- they do Borgia, where he had passed in the Museum of Propaganda. The shape of the letters that make up the name is figurative much better than in the two specimens of coli. Santangelo in this way ALI-O-HA. The comparison that we can do of this legend with the following AUlSfl guides us to con- close that le two letters -O-H I am used for a simple 0. It is therefore the -o- a new form of the Greek $, e the alphabet is Greek with the only peculiarity of laugh- dance of aspiration H. La letter o with le bars horizontal lines had already been seen in an epigraph from Corinth, but with them bars vertical ^ {C. inscrib. gr. I, 26). The Etruscans they still trade they the 't col 8 and we have it example in fll1V>1V-1 written equally as AHVnISVS. The duke believed by Luynes to have an example of this didrachm in the his collection {Bull. Ins. 1858 page 50) ed it is as well cited from Minervini {Bull. arch. nap. FV, 144; Observ. p. 11). I have seen this coin; it carries only a few letters of his legend and this cannot be AUl-o-HA, but AI/IEQY coli' And turned to the right, as I read on a conservation very big coin of the Museum of Campobasso. 21. Head of lion time a right. R. AH8R written in breast deU'H, sign of value dinotant half is of a offering yes of one pound. Cavedoni keeps this following by half by symbol, of which one search the meaning in the óàra^ la- conical H, though you have one single notable crossbar brotherly love from the Dioscori {Bull. Ins. 1850, 1, 98). To Be- nigno Tuzi it must the discovery of this two coins e the attribution that is then been followed by almost everyone: because because the duke of Luynes took for Phoenician the legend AUI8A. NOLA If a text must be accepted as genuine of Hecataeus transcribed to us by Stefano of Byzantium, Nola with this name existed already at the time in what he he wrote, i.e to ol. LXXI, 1 (253 u. e.) ed it was city osca, Trohg Avaóvuiv. Nola of facts bear a name that denotes its origin osca ; e such the he declared Cato (VeU. I, e. 7). Pu then busy from the Chalcidians, that they transformed it in Greek (Justin. XSl ; Yes. It. XII, 151). So therefore and not before he began its coinage is all in the Greek language alphabet, which one yes observe in Campania after which he received the jonica literature.
However, it is certain that she however, it was Oscan in 429 writing Dionysius {Exc. I tied, cf. Livium, VII, 22) than the Nolans they were greatly fond of you ai Greeks EUeni bordering glue them republic: òiióoun' ovton' xcà aipodga covg èUSjvag àGTia^onévair. The lordship of the Not Chalcideans lasted that few years, when the Nolans, taken by assault the city and the acropolis in 441, they passed below the domain gods Eomani, and a large part of them territory was divided in the financial year I quote victorious (Diod. Sic. XIX, 101). From the short news of Nola appears to be missing every foundation to opinion of those who they want melt together Irina and Nola, or that this one city yes would call one time Irina, and coined with that name, that is that Irina was the acropolis of Nola. Le coins of Nola I am rare, major though yes it is the rarity of coins of silver, which they can compare at 12
92 CAMPANIA T. LXXXIX hemiectae: extremely then bronzes are rare. The epigraph when it is whole not it is other that NilAAIOS or Nil- AAiiiN. One alone time yes it is read NilAAljaiN and in the de- place of Castellini in province of Campobasso recent- mind examined from me e described in instead of the first Yes. two OOs are used, NOOAA.. 22-25. Of two types they serve themselves the Nolans in theirs tell me, the Pallas covered of helmet attic girded degree on which pose the owl e on the reverse the androprosopic ox with the epi- graphe NHAAlilN, or Head of a woman diademed time a d. with on the reverse the androprosopic ox crowned with Vit- tory and the epigraph NilAAlilN, NilAAlillN, NIIAAION, NO- AA10$ and NOOAA... Of the monetary magistrate not there is another initial clie the monogram /ìl between the legs of the ox; the weight of three of my specimens it is of gr. 7.00. 26. A similar didrama of mine a that of n. 23 has a epi- graphe in small character below al neck of the godly woman demata that yes can read >IOIAOY that is, how much it seems, KoCXov. 27 Minervini, Obs. nuniism. T. Ili, 4 p. 71, 72. The head of straight very similar a those of Nola they advised al Minervini to give to this one city the singular coin where the ox has a head of its species, not the human. In the series of coins Neapolitan they resemble al type of straight the ones they have epigraphs wrong (plate LXXXV, 6, 7). I therefore have not removed this coin from series of nolan. He says the Minervini that the bull may have been replaced to the Androprosopus ox by the Samnites who occupied it for a short time Nola as a sign of the earth Italy. It seems to me that, if that were, the bull not it should have been seen crowned of Victory, which instead in the coins of the Marsica war crown Italy. Nonetheless the bull still represents it r Italy when runs quick that is trample the wolf or rest calm side of warrior Samnite , or him it is tax the hand on boss. 28-30. From this system yes they depart the coins silver that in type of straight represent the head of Apollo graduated e time to left with the legend in front ND.AAI, and in the reverse the androprosopic ox crowned from Victoria face on the right. They are therefore contemporary with the bronze on par of they very rare that he has the same ones types. The peculiarities I'm in bronze an A behind the back of the neck of Apollo and im MI between the legs of the ox: in the two specimens of the offering that alone I know the one n. 26 in Vienna the other n. 27 in Naples there is this difference, that in the first yes ha a M between le legs of the bull (Carelli, pl. LXXXIII, 12, 13) and in the other an X there, and a MI in the exergue (Avellino, Daily numism. T.I tab. IV, 3). It weighs gr. 0.58 and they must be considered as two hemiectae. HYKIA HYEINA Plate LXXXIX. Of the city Hyria or Ihjrina in Campania there is none ancient writer what about add the site, e if not other, the name. He believed Cavedoni (ad Carell. tab. page 31) of tro- mention it in Hyginus {de lim consl)i. tab. 24 fig. 197 ed. Lack.) where they are named the Jines Hirrensium on the way consularis which goes from Naples to Capua, shortly before arriving aWoppidum Fins. This step it was state cited from Fio- relli {Ann. numism. I p. 83) , e certainly proximity of Atella would do accept the proposal, e find like this less unlikely the mutation of Hirrensium in Hyrien- sium Hyrinensium e of iltilenatium in et Atellanatium deriving it -from AteUanas, how from AbeUinas yes deduces Abellinatium. Back in the day of the Bckhel (Zi. n. v. I, 141) not he had yet to decide nothing around to the headquarters of these Hyri- nenses, whether in Campania, or in Sannio, or elsewhere, and the Avel- linen he thought to the Hyrium of Puglia, then to the ^vqqsvtov, said SvQaiov in some codes of Amazing {Op. XI, 105), the which opinion of his he later abandoned. But Mr. Adrian De Longpérier in ima dissertation on type of the family Hosidia (Paris 1852, page 14) complaining that the Avellino had rejected his first one which he calls excellent attribution tion of the currency of Hyrina in Sorrento if not declares partisan with Mr. C. Lenormant and claims that the aspirated i was able to change to H from the Greeks and then recover from the La- vats, which also have additions the n which in YPIETES is sees omitted. Now some are I decided for Salerno near the Imo river, others opine that he has to look for in Nola, the which one sometimes yes be called with this name, such other with that of Hyrina; e Cavedoni warns that he was doubtful, that Note and Hyrina they were names of the same one city inhabited by two different peoples e he says {Bull. In- stìt. 1850 p. 199) that the Priedlaender made it more probable bile such opinion with more topics of everything new. Others limit themselves to say that this Hyrina was the Palaeopo- lis of Nola (Priedlaender, Osk. Miinzen p. 37 ; Momms. H. de la monn. The p. 162).
The Iriese people declines variously your name on the coins. It is Hyrietes, Hyrinaeus, Hyrianus, everyone i which ones derivatives they are born from a Hyria od Hyrium of the same name zìVHyrium del Gargano e to the 'Yqia della Calabria. The language of which they serve themselves it is Greek, theirs alphabet it is similarly deduced from Greeks, but vi they see each other introduced of points on the letters V e I which sometimes has them of below 1 ; r Y it is still made in order to approach al who psi Y. They first use the sigma form a three lines Yes, then four i, before the V e the r, t>, then the Y e the P; before I harsh spirit H forward to thePV, which then omitted tone: the them ^^ it is archaic. This double-alphabet not yes seen in the coins nolan, e this proves that they were not contemporary, whatever him Irians were ever together in the same city with the Nolans, and much less can be said that they happened to the Nolans. 1. In Museum of the University of GlasgOTv. Head of Pallas graduate helmet blanket time to dr. R. ox androprosopus a d. between legs A 5 4' of above HVPIETES. No I saw a exemplary in the hands of Mr. Sambon and I read AS^', al reverse : but in the Searches a p. 165 are from he de- written two, in the first of which ones the editor reads A and to starboard sees one sort of harpoon, espi;ce de harpon, in the second
T. IXXXIX CAMPANIA 93 recognizes only le two letters AS. Me since principle he had you view the legend oh well reported. The director of the Museum of Glasgow prof. Joung mi it was courteous of a good cast, which I am now publishing. It seems that these people was vague of appeal in more ways. The city if I called Hyria or Ht/rium indi it could well be deduced the patron- enemy HYPIETE5 or 'Yqu]vì]ì and also 'YQiàrag in Doric dialect. But they don't derive 'l'Qiavóg e ^YQìrog, whence ha origin the most frequent ^YqCvu e its derivative ^YQivcàog. 2-i5. The first two no. 2,3 they write YPINAI, AhllY the third n. 4 Ouch (there is also an example of flUNY), the fourth n. 5 YPiA- IMO?. The aspirate does not you can see it that in n. 1 HV, where it is used the sigma 5, afterwards yes writes always Y ed S , when i Napolitans have changed the them alphabet e instead of And, L, $, P they write H, A, i., fi, how proves the n. 6 where a didrama of Naples with (NE)OnOA(ITHS) it is re- beaten for (A)HI(qY). The type of the Victory that crowns the androprosopus ox not was never used give it inhabitants -of Hyrina as per those of Nola. 7. Head of Juno post of prospectus with hair scattered e floating covered of crown cylindrical adorned of palmettes in the middle of two horses marine R. Ox androprosopus a d. above AhiqV. 8. Lo same type of the previous one n. 7: but the ox goes to sini- there is also an f sign of repeated tick obverse on the right. e reverse between the legs of ox e the epigraph superior in the two copies I have in front it's just visible: of epigraph then that yes law in the exergue they remain weak traces but certain how if had been hammered on purpose. A newbie exemplary came out of a deposit in province of Campobasso port the legend F1HE1Y who it is a good confirmation of my sentence up of another example plare attributed from Luynes ad Alipha. You see this that I have noted above this coin in the proleg. by Alipha. FENSEENIA or SENSEENIA There are very few examples of Pensernia: but in all the legend is uniform. The one from the Luynes collection published by MiUingen {Ano. coins, n. 8) bears M Vlia3^H38. With- rope with it that of the Panna museum,. .VMQ3^I13X, the third it is the one from the Panelli collection, now mine, from which the Avellino portrayed mAHC]UT3<]8, but the real lesson after mature study it showed itself to me to be the same, which occurs in three of the examples attached plates, I41VHQ3^M38, from which they deviate i three if- guents, where the initial letter you see it changed in k. Two of these specimens are found in the Museum of Naples, Coli. San- so cold, and read ?ENSEP; the third is in the British Museum nico where yes law equally tEN^EP (cf. Poole, Catal. p. 128). This proves that the initial 8 was considered as an aspirate, and yet Fensernum and Sensernum were worth the same. The Eckhel {D. n. v. I, 171) was the first to discover this coin; but it was perhaps worn out if he thought he saw the KPO epigi-afe there, e the gave in Crotone. This one attribution le remained left a a lot that the Avellino in another specimen he believed of read- gere Frelernum, as yes it is said, and it was of notice that yes do- vesse assign to one city, that differently yes leo'o'e called in the codes of Livio Cerfennia or Censennia. Then no he was satisfied and turned to Tifernum, [Bull. arch. nap. 1846 p. 25), which he estimated to be Q>hsQvov as we read in codes of Tolo- meo which Piterno placed in Termoli. It was Millingen's opinion {Consider, p. 205) than this Fensernum was from Campania e at roots of Vesuvius, where Livy names the river Ve- seris (L. VIII e. 19). I like it this proposal, and I believe oh that can be accepted having regard to the name of the river which yes well it is found, and singularly still to the type of coin, which seems to allude to the nearby Mount Vesuvius, of which it was ancient fame, he says Great, what a time burned ; to which circumstance, I think, they wanted to allude to him ancient when they posed the chimera ttvq nvéoiau (Pindar. 01, Xni, 128 ed. Heyn.) fought and tamed by Bellerophon. I won't let go of warn the big one similarity that passes between the names of two city Aisernia and Fensernia are Samnite. 9-13. Della city that beats this coin there are examples believed to be anepigraphs, hence the Kiccio that one reports, has opined born of the legend that it was a perfect vision {Repert. n. 7); but then confesses to p. 14 than in that of Kochette seen by him and judged without legend, there was and it was read 5EN5EP as testimony of duke by Luynes. This one city when legends are not go out of minting it's called dop- piously as I said above Fensernia and Sensernia: of before epigi-afe there are guarantors him specimens 9, 10, of second i no. 11, with epigraph 13S\A35 e on the 12th where yes reads q3^NA3^. So it doesn't have the Avellino thought he saw a S in place of im (}) (Opusc. II p. 134, IV p.
81) like Millingen affixes it {Consicl. page 205). To which Sen- Sernia the Avellino, searched for other to compare the Censennia Samnite according to some codes (Level IX e. 44): him came so at hands that specimen of Panels in which one he mistakenly read Freternum and aggiudicollo, as I said, in Fiternum. I types are the head of Juno Lacinia po- is in prospect R. Bellerophon on Pegasus who fights the chimera. This one has two heads one o'clock in Leo e the other goat, the body is of lion e the queue ends in the head of snake. It is remarkable the letter f repeated on straight e on reverse of the specimen of Parma n. 13 because it occurs in coin of n. 8. The coin of Pensernia was therefore engraved simultaneously a that of Hyrium e by the engraver same that he remarked the coinage glue letter f. PISTBLIA The city, that on own currency he signs up first and sixth case, of Samnite language and character, W>IT^18, ^IV>IT^I8, above small coins which I am bilingual it is said in Greek (J)I$TEA1A. No ancient ha left memory of her that has arrived to us and yet the first he asks yes it is where was this one city. The Mazzocchi (Tab. Heracl. p. 590) e regnarra {De neap gym. p. 261), which I follows, yes they let the analogy of sounds guide them when they proposed
94 CAMPANIA T. LXXXIX Paestum. The Friedlaender to which he subscribes the Sambon {King- cherches page 46, 47), apparently he's going for Puteoli I think pel same reason of proximity of sound come on two names, equally as Avellino when he gave these coins to Histonium {Bull. nap. an. IV p. 27). Finally the Minervini {Observ. numism. p. 13) ce I he stared in the province of Campobasso in that place that dioesis Field Laurelili, municipality of Toro, taken as an argument from the discovery of forty- three specimens that mixed in coins several were found in the excavations made in an ancient necropolis: and thought that this Tiste- lia could be the Fulfulae by T. Livio. A such opinion they complied the De Petra [Conditions of city ital. p. 86 following), e Von Duhn {Bull. Instit. 1878 p. 31, 163), the which also writes that « the coins fistellins have no a what to do with this city (of Pozzuoli) ». The topic at- gato from Minervini would have value if the indicated discovery had some feedback local. Because other it is that le called coins siansi found in that region of Sannio, other than its ordinary origin. The case it's different. Digging a necropolis in the field Laurelili, among the coins of city collected there, le more numerous I am were these of Fistelia. But neither before nor after this excavation yes it is heard that similar coins were brought to us mainly from that region. Fistelias are found especially in Campania. The Millingen he had learned it from experience: « Des monnaies nombreuses sur les qvelles Hon Ut Phistltiis, writes he {I considered. p. 199), oìi Phistelia, que leurs types et leurs provenance indiquent belongs to Campania". Keeentemente from they were a tomb of Capua extracted some with some Neapolitan. I compare this discovery of Campo Laureili to another that occurred in same province on the mountain called Prosolon. Ibid they were coins osche of Tiano, Com- Pulteria, there was some of Koma col two-faced e the Jupiter lightning in a quadriga : they were there le Neapolitan, and those of Arpi in Puglia, but in large numbers vi those were found of Sessa e of Bald : these they added up to approximately sixty. In Sannio where not it was custom of beating money is com- he traded glue coin of Campania, of Puglia e of Great Greece. They are frequent today the coins of Irina, who they are found in lands of Campobasso, and recently I hexa- undermined a closet found in Castellini fra Campobasso and Larino, which was made up of coins from Magna Graecia mi- stand the bells in such a way that among the thirty-six they are all made of silver thirteen they were of Irina, seven Nolanes, five le Neapolitan, but one only of Pistelia. The coins collected in the field Laurel le I know all from the relationship what about he did the in- loaded Mr. Trot the of May 5th 1855, e I also saw them- dute I, who I lived then in Benevento. Ve no they were several from Taranto, others from Metaponto, others il Caulonia, others from Naples: there were le fisteline, and with them two of the Pi- thanati. The other opinion which he assigns to Puteoli these coins fisteline, e that the Millingen {Consid. p. 291) call with- casting the most reasonable, not yes knows where yes born. Do- it should at least be able to try that in Puteolan lands they are found more than frequent elsewhere such coins: but these This evidence seems to me to be missing so far, and nevertheless it is stated that the fistelines are from Pozzuoli. I had them questioned on my behalf Mr. Sambon which seemed to me to have some topic, because the father had attributed them to Pozzuoli, ed he me he did answer, that from Pozzuoli not they come the coins of Pistelia, le which ones of rest they are found in the Campania and for mourning. Among many opinions of which it is claimed that I am asked me to propose one of my own. There is one city among those nominated from Livy, who deserved more that every other to be close- born in Fistlus, Fistelia; this one it is Plistia, that le editions of 1472 Roman and Parma unanimously call Phi- list: i eodici by Diodorus L. XIX they say it JlXifSvixi'iv, e so do some codes of Livy. This one city was not healed far from Saticola, and yet on borders of Sannio verse the Campania, and therefore now occupied by Samnites, now come on Greeks, now come on Eomani, how Saticola. Today i geographers they pose Saticola which Servius calls the people of Campania {ad Virg. Aen. VII, 729) on the s. Agata of the Goths e Plistia four miles in the place called Pletia (Lor. Giustiniani, Diz. geogr. T. Vili p. 250). Livy narrates that the year 489 having the Samnites for- the hope of retaining is lost Saticola laid siege to Pli- stay partner of the Eomans (L. IX, 21): spe abject Saticulae tuendae, Plystiam ipsi, socios romanorum, circumsidunt ; e that the outcome it was (e. 22), that Saticola he gave up to the Eomani e i Samnites took for strength Plistia: Saticula Romanos for dedilionem, Plistia for vim Samnis potitur.
Now you should also understand the reason for which Fistelia mint his pennies in double language, Samnite in obverse, Greek black reverse: why standing it on borders of Sannio e of Campania was easy at two light nations the name in their homelands languages. 14. In the Milan Museum. He published it the Avellino {Opusc. T. II p. '56 n. 13) and monsters willing a believe it of Vescia e fought those who they gave it a Picentia. Others though gives it- room a Fistelia that they identified a Picentia. The Millingen he keeps it for money imitated by the barbarians and it doesn't seem like it is convinced that there really read FI5K1NIS {Consid. p. 144) : « sur la quelle on a cru lire FISKINIS en letres osques ». The Fiorelli doubted that was of Fistelia {Ann. number I, 82). Head of a woman once a left R. Conchiglia e above of it I'm a mouse aimed at left with the legend ^INN^I'I. The coin cumana with a mouse al reverse it is in Table 81 n. 7. This epigraph Pislinis it is to be compared to Cumenis. 15.Coli, by Luynes. (Fiorelli Ann. numism. II tab. 1). Head of a dressed woman of front with hair scattered and surrounded of dia- dema. R. Ox androprosopus a left and above ^IV>JTil(8. 16. 17. Head of a woman with hair scattered and diademed post of forehead with one string of pearls around al neck. R. Ox an- droprose a left, in the exergue a dolphin, above n. 16 8UTUVU, n. 17 81STUV5. 18, 19. Head of woman with pendants to ears and necklace al neck turn right that is n. 19 time in front and with the ca- skins scattered like in n. 3-5pm. R. Ox androprosopus to yes-
T. LXXXIX CAMPANIA 95 lustra, that exergue a dolphin, above SISTUVU. It can be said that SISTUVS yes nominative plural 81STUVI/1 yes genitive e 31STUV15 yes locative {Fistli, Fistlon, Fistiis). 20. In coli. my. Head of Juno with diadem cylindrical on the decorated head of palmetto in the middle e of hippocampi, ha the hair scattered, pearl necklace and it's in front. E. Bue an- crowned frog looking to the right from Victoria. It is lined and unlined of epigraph but it is of the style of fistulae. 21. In coli. my. Head of a diademed woman a left. /?. Audroprosopus ox looking from the front crowned by the Victoria; in the exergue (ST)AYilN. 22. 23. Head of Apollo graduated from left to right. in front ^TAIilNT. B. Ox andropyrosopus looking to the right of elevation co- ronato from Victory fi-a the legs 1^ in the exergue /y\TV^R in the n. 23 DIAATVAI. With good reason I put together this these coins in which the name of Pistelia is variously scholar: what more matters yes it is the emission of the first syllable in Stliont gods n. 22, 23 ai which ones therefore I have estimated having to aggregate coin no. 21 whose Ujon surviving me gives reason to infer that stlyon must have been written there. Fisleliont apparently, a genitive of the patronymic Fisteliontes or sia Fisteliotae, which it can be considered possible in the barbaric dialect. A new specimen of this coin found recently in the countryside of Tiano she is possessed from Mr. Marquis of Campodisola in which one coin the epigraph of reverse, why out of coinage. 24-27. Head of a woman once of prospectus with hair scattered e beautiful necklace of joys in the form of acorns. R. Leone face on the left and sometimes n. 25 repellent a right. It's in the exergue a snake n. 24, 25, 27, in the field above rarely a helmet Phrygian n. 25, a star n. 26. The guy of the lion on the reverse ha done attribute these obols to Heraclea: I, had re- I look to the head of straight, he had them aggregates at the mo- nete of Fistelià, when I needed to find some in the coli, mine one with a half of legend iV^, that easily yes reduces to W>JTJI8. 28, 29. H n. 28 is in the coli, mine, the 29th in that of Santangelo and it was already published by Piorelli {Ann. numism. I, page. 11 table. 1, 6) after the news given by the Lenormant (Revue numism. 1844 page 249). Head of a covered woman of tripphalus vault helmet in prospect. E. H sign of half, e around no. 28 No. 8 A -V ' '^^ ^^ 81 5T "'^' •'^^fill in later others thought that this was Histonium coin. [Bull. arch. «ap. 1846.25). 30-34. Beardless head with hair parted like god tiles roofs. It is engraved in Carelli's tables ct)I^TVAlA, which was not corrected by Avellino and others from Cavedoni [ad Car. tab. LXII, 5-8). The Greek epigraph in the first two is OlìTEAIA. E. Shell, dolphin, barley grape and variously Oscan legend writing no. 30 IV>JT^I8; 31 ^IV>JT^I8, indin. 32 1/V\V\AVI0, 33 ^VVT^IS, 34 yVTWIS. Please note that Millingen took it for acrostUum the shell that in this coins yes represents [Coisid. p. 201). 35. Head apparently diademed, placed facing and the letter V. E. H sign of the semis e 5IVn'T^I8 (Fiorelli, Ann. num. I, 5). 36. Head of Pallas covered of helmet attic ornate of graduation and of the owl facing left. E. Half face audroprosopus ox on the right top 5IV>JT5I8 (Minerviui, Bull. arch. nap. Ili, XII,7). ALLIBA The Avellino, even after that Cavedoni had cited Esi- who, held that this city not if ever been remembered give it ancient and rightly so. Because that stretch of Esiehio that the Cavedoni he pointed out and transcribed {Spicil. p. 13 years. 1838) not speak of 'Ali^ag ma of 'AXv^ag e he says like this: 'AXv§ag OQog nccgà 2o(poxXsT, rj nolic, • ol oh XC/xrrj iv 'IxaXia xaì €i> Troice. As for 'AXi^ag Suida writes that he is worth dead, or a river of hell, or vinegar : 'Ali^ag ò vsxqog, ^ Tvorafuòg ev àSov. leystai tj d)J§ag xii ro o^og. For the qual mention of the "ASr^ he warned the Avellino, approved therefore from Millingen {Consid. 1841 p. 141), that this one city could be been near Cuma, and near the Averne, that is, in one region sacred to Pluto; ea in region here Plutoni maxime sacra habetur (Suppl. ad Italian numism. page 12), e maybe where a river flowed by name Alibaba. How much then to the mountain Alibaba yes is attached for feedback a mount in the Pozzuoli region which today his name is Ole- vain, e believe it that yes he said 'AXC^ag. Tiensi also for demonstrated that Alliba not it is Alife ed this is it the opinion of the Minerviui, which rightly so declares Greek character tere AH (J) HA, where it is that le two denominations being different not yes they can adapt to im medical language simo {Obs. p. 131). Add yourself that when him Allifaui they have wanted transcribe the name of theirs city in character- tere Oscan r have call ASTHMA, not ASM-JA.
Then it follows that when him land surveyors Latins there they speak of- Allifanus ager does not it must intend them to speak of Al- liba, but of Alife. Nor prevents that Silium Italic names Alife between Calvi and Casino [Punic. L. XII, 526) and then fra Ndìa ed Acerra (L. VIII, 537) per say that we talk of two city that the poet if not distinguishes by name le it does though distinguish wars from location different. Which topic he can't support oneself, if one is not supposed to, what cannot, what the poets they must follow the geographical order when describe le city, which in case of war, or for another reason I'm with them poetically name e described. Alifa ed Alliba have on their coins different types : those of Alife do not use marine symbols, such as the Allibans, that they take the monster Scilla for its own banner and heads of Grlaueo, of Apollo, of Pallas. Alifa for the opposite does not arise on his didramas that i usual types of Campania, head of Pallas e on the reverse the androprosopic bull. Pose also the head of lion allusive to its origins perhaps from the Samii who inhabited the beaches. The Allibani do not follow other tradition that the one supported also by the Cumans of the magic rod e of power gods Circe's poisons, whereby it happened to populate of monsters and of beasts ferocious the earth e the sea surrounding. 37. Mia collection. Head of Apollo laureate turned to the right. environment
9G CAMPANIA T. LXXXIX three dolphins. /(. AAAIBANON. The monster Scylla with turgidity breasts and two dog heads that stand out from her shoulders he has an octopus in his right hand and in his left a dolphin believed from Cavedoni (Spies, numism. 15) the Glaucus fish, his tail it is equipped of crest: in field of below it's a con- keel of the pinna genus. It weighs gr. 0.70. 38. Head of Apollo graduated time to left front: AH^IBAN. .. R. Sea monster biceps and ending in queue of fish mat of ridges : two protomes of dog they rush from his shoulders barking : it brings on left a dolphin and a octopus in the right ed he is accompanied by two swans that the they hover around. Parmesan obvious that the Allibans living- serious on the sea. The double head of the monster I believe that yes symbol of his confederation maybe with Cuma, the which one in one sing coin takes for imprint of reverse one Scylla. 39-40. Head of Apollo graduated bro dolphins time to d. R. Mo- sea star to one head similar though in the rest to the pre- tooth: in below a shell: the epigraph is AAAIBANON more less accomplished. 41. In coli. mine. Bearded head and graduated once on the right A. Yes- mile to the previous three. 42. Berlin Museum. Shell. R.H., sign by half and in- I return I3AAA or AAAEI (Piorelli, Annal. of numism. 1846 page 82 tab. III n. 4). The Priedlaender, Osk. Munzen, page 25) attributes it to Alife convinced that .alliba and Alife they are two names of the same city. I'm not about this opinion e I attribute col Piorelli (Mon. uned. p. 19) e col Minervini {RuU. arch. nap. Ili, 53; IV, 145) this mo- neta in Alliba Greek city and maritime, not Mediterranean ed osca, like Alife. NUCEKIA Nocera, Cenone wrote quoted by Servius {ad Aen. VII, 738), it's rma of the many founded cities by the Pelasgians and the Greeks of Pe- loponnese, who gave the river of the district its native name of Sarno and they took for if Barrasti's nickname. The coins of Nocera belong all at the time it was occupied give it Osci e these they are called Sarasneis e they sign up a distinction, it seems, of other Nucerini with the nickname of Nucerini Alafaterni. It is easy to remove from Sarasneis the letter Yes, and you know- but they will i Sarani, peoples of Sarano or Sarno. Other coins they bring the name gods Decuini, others of the Decuini Ranì peoples a us unknown, but which proves to have made an alliance with the Nuce- rini Alafaterni. Pompeii, Oscan city e the closest than any other in Nocera, it was located on the bank of the Sarno, rjV naQaq^sT 6 JÙQvog notajxóq (Strab. V, 170), it could be ima of fines o-p- pida founded by the Greeks of the Peloponnese; sure is that it was originally gine Greek, as they demonstrate some factories survivors of very ancient Doric style ; but so far nothing has been revealed to us help us interpret the type of Nucer coins, i.e. the head armed youth of horns of ram e the young man naked hero that brake glue right a horse and brings in left a long one auction with a flower on top. The Avellino {Num. anecd. 22) ad- dusse the story keep us from Svetouio (De dar. rhct. e. 4) of a nucerino by name Epidius that it was said aifogato in the source of Sarno, and after some days made himself seen with his horns coming out from the waters and disappear; waves then him honors were paid divine. This Epidius was counted among his ancestors from that BP oh it was master of Antonio e of Augustus. Hic Epidius ortum if ab Epidio Nuncione (') praedicabat, quem ferunt olim prae- cipitatum in fontim fluminis Sarni paulo post cum cornibus extitisse, oh statim not appear, in numerous deorum habitum. The Avellino's explanation was followed from Millingen and had Minervini on his side (Osserv. p. 45): but Millin- Gen later changed his opinion by declaring that he believes it is the head of the hero Sarnus, from whom it took its name the river, and the people yes he appealed Sarraste {Consid. page 198). But the story kept for us by Suetonius although he doesn't say of what horns Epidius was armed, when he emerged from the waters, he did not less he openly describes him to us as a new aquatic deity : and it is well known that rivers were not given horns convoluted in ravines cluni, how I am the Aries, but it infests like bulls: the horns Aries instead faced Ammon and his son Dionysus, because both guardians of the sheep thus represented by those peoples, i which they drew the their wealth from the herds of these cattle. We don't have any indication of the cult of Libyan Bacchus in No- wax of Apollo Meaty wanted on our currency from Du Chalais (Rev. numism. 1850 page 394-404), which is free- he still lies attributed to him the ram's horns (Muller, Monn. de Vane. Afr. I pag. 104).
Nor then there it is possible granting that the Nucerini posed once the their best luck in trade of the smaller herd, as one might suppose the God- niso of Libya, type main of their coins. Kesta so oh to the image they are stay attributed eorns them of ram for reason to us unknown, but probably for a similar story to that of Carano founder of Aegae, which was represented with horns of goat, why perforated in. city with a herd of goats invaded the kingdom. Not knowing how to find another similar relationship to what fé give to Alexander the Great and some of his successors cessors the Aries horns, it seems that we reasonably bow to a local myth such as, for example, that of the Romans who represent they presented Genucio Cipo with horns on the Raudusoulan door (Val. Max. V, 6, 3, pi. XI, 45). How much al type of the reverse Cavedoni wants it {Bull. Instit. 1850, 198) that the naked young man is a Dioscorus who slows down the vallo with the right hand and have a rod in the left to hold it ed excite to the race the evallo. The is a error : the young man does not holds a rod in his hand (and it should be one whip, like on coins tarantine) but an auction with to the top one flower in- I'll be back to the apple, in which way soles imagine the scepter, of what we have examples on the coins of Eoma and Capua. This day vain therefore it's a hero of Ua city e I scepter suggests that it was one turn the head or dynast e conductor. The Nucerini venerated it Apollo again e i Dioscori who represents present on the largest bronze unit ; Apollo and Diana hunting (') This word it's different written in the codes e in prints, Nuncione, Nuncino, Mancino; whence i critics have done Nucerino.
T.XC SAMNIVM 97 itrce, which appear in the middle of his symbol, the dog le- vriero, on the reverse of unit, minor. Le epigraphs osche they usually be often incorrect out of doubt due to ignorance of the artificers of mint. Nocera came in power of the Komani in 456 (Lev. IX, 41): (Fabius) profectus in Nuccriam Alphaternam, tum pacem petentes, quocl uti ea, qum daretur, nohiisserit, aspernatus, oh fighting to dedicate- tionem mhegit. Table XC. 1-3. Juvenile head with long diademed hair and equipped of Arietine horns turn to the left and rarely to the right as in n. 3. At the nape of the neck in n. 1 it's uu dolphin, around it we read n. 1 : NVV3N 3n>lN WWM) n. 2. /V\Vl/ia3TI/18Nx|N W\Vl/!iai>|] e in the exergue of reverse JIBH^NQRJ n. 3. NYPKPlNVNVi
And yet she came to the light in two specimens a dime of silver, in- writing of the retrograde name ^AYNITAN, nor can it say that be money of alliance, why i types they are not of any of Greek cities of Italy, but symbolic of nation. A it seems to me that was coined by the Tarantini : the language of epigraph it is Doric just like that of the Pitanati, and pos- I am assign yourself at the same time. The female head co- open of a ricinium a more folds it must represent the costume of women Samnite, e the tip of spear al reverse must consider yourself pel craiU'tov, peculiar weapon of nation Samnite. It was tradition that the Greeks they had given name of ^av- vlrai a that tribes of Sabelli which they used for auction the saunium; the Latins called them Samnitae. But we didn't know qual particular shape had this rod, e the Dacier followed
98 SAMNIVM T.XC from Muller {ad l'eUum ^. 326) he had it confused with that javelin in the form of a spit that Virgil (Aen. VII, 665): chìltma, veru sabellum where he writes: tereti pugnant mucrone veruque sabello. The Muller then in place cited opines clie i G-reci they had wanted explain like this the version ^I screwed the date to Latin Samnitae. But how much are they? gone far from reality I ago Now I manifest this coin, where is set in nice highlight clie the saunium had no form of spit and badly yes it is confused with the truth gods Sabelli, and that i G-reci they gave them i first the name by ^screwdrivers from sing the shape of their spear, and they have it as a speaking weapon represented on the coin. This sort from tip to wide ale not recognized before in the collections for oavvtov ha now an outstanding example brought to us from the Pietrab countryside - bonding, the ancient Bovianum Yelus of the Pentri, which makes the ornament ment of the Municipal Museum of Campobasso. 10. Head of a woman with a castor on her head bent completely local, and legend HATIHYA?. R. Ferro of spear inside one crown of laurel. PITANATAB The Millingen remember {Counsel. p. 117) to have given to the light [Anc. coins 1831 p. 13) the Pitanati coin which yes they gave the nickname of Peripoli. Before that being the coin read by P.Khell only half of which was attributed to castle of the Locrians known as IIsQinóliov (Thucid. L. Ili, and, 99); but Father Eckhel he had it post bro the uncertain {No. v. anecd. p. 308). Millingen therefore held that money was gods Pitanati Peripoli was defeated by the Tarantini for these Pila- born came from Pitana, or so called in memory of origin tarantina, call Peripolis, or both guards a defense of the borders. But these there are no borders in my opinion those gods Tarantini; if like this were, to what coin for them one coin special? So they they were above others borders e these they were gods Samnites, pei which ones yes it was by the Tarantini procured that garrison a protection of any foreign invasion and confirm of pact of alliance that yes it was narrow bro i two peoples. At the same time the Tarantini coined one coin in name gods Samnites (which greatly validates the opinion mine), recently discovery in only two specimens both passed in the collection of Luynes. I types of coin gods Pitanati I am tarantini, those of coins gods Samnites I am own e singular. By this ancient plant gods Pitanati in Sannio for thanks to the Tarantini, the news had reached Strabene (V, 250), but he did not believe it, judging it to be an invention of the gods Tarantini for reconcile i Samnites, having them experienced the pro, when they shipped in them rescued eighty thousand infantry e eight thousand horses (Strab. V, 1. cit.). 11, 12. Head of a diademed woman facing left. at the back of the neck "E. R. Er- Cole strangling the lion : around FllTANATAN nEPinOAHN The monogram of the other specimen no. 12 is /E (see Poole, Catal. 398, 4), on the reverse of which one 1' Hercules that chokes the lion it is face a left. MALIES She looked for herself the homeland of these bronzes a lot rare, and, from Mdes of Livy believed today's Molise where they placed it from principle the Millingen [Anc. coins p. 3) and Avellino (Suppl. ad II. vet. niom. p. 48), yes it is opinionated of transport them a Malventum said then come on settlers Latins Beneventwm. Della identity of this Malies of coins with Maleventum of the historians they are uncertain the Priedlaender {Osk. Mun. 67), e the Mommsen [H. de the mon. III p. 187), not it's for- suaso the Rochette (Journ. des Sav. 1854 p. 243, 1), not it is safe the Minervini {Observ. p. 19). Mommsen now holds that the legend /V\AHES not it is purely Latin, 'how had opinionated other time (Unterit. Dial. p. 192), but vi recognizes with those that Minervini calls last numbers- smatics (1. cit.) a mix of Greek e of Latin. I don't they are though of this notice, e correct le false or imper- slices lessons I declare that the AAAUES legend unique true, it gives no basis to the required mixture of Greek elements e Latins ; she is no less perfectly Greek than the coin Neapolitan where they are read together used two o'clock let- tere l ed i (See Table LXXXIV, 18). The MALIE bed from Avellino it is imperfect, e in MALLE? already cited from Millingen {Comid. 224 note. 1) it is very true that reads I instead of L, probably due to a minting defect. The MAUIEZA e MAHES does not yes ever found in our times, e the Minervini has commendably estimated that in the currency of Lauria who he publishes the lower auction of? it is re- keep it out of coinage. Established the real lesson MAL-IE? we can now say that there is a Greek colony established in that same place it was then occupied by the Samnites ed it was in their possession in 442 (Lev. IX e. 26, X e. 15), under the name of Maleventum born from Mah'sg for anadromous case fourth Mah'evzor.
Paul, that is Pesto both Verrio Fiacco had written of Benevento, which i Its Greek inhabitants called it thus (Fest. p. 39, ed. Muli.): Earii urbein antea Graeci incolentes Malóev%ov appellarunt, where only it will have to correct itself- MAUIFENTON and for syncope MAUFENTOIVJ, supporting the vowel O in place of the digamma wind power. The name MaXi'eg, put evidently for MaXCsig, as Jlv'^ósg for Ilv'gósig, has a good response in MaXisvg name of city of the Malli together e of the people who live there tava (Steph. 642, sub v.). Give her things said it follows that the not currency it was joke later 1st occupation Roman how I opined in Registration of Bencv. (page 18, 19), that's when it was dominated come on Samnites, but in the era in which they lived there since masters i Greeks, albeit with they lived together ago- numerous Oscan miles, and certainly noble and rich. The de- sumo from the Fabii family who he related to that one of the Otacilii of Malevento, fin give it last periods of third century of Rome, from which union N. Fabio was born Vibulano that he was consul in 333 (Borghesi, Oeuvr. T. IX page 99,, 100). 13. Juvenile head turned to the right. B. Androprosopic ox the which head
T.XC SAMNIUM 99 she went out (the cowl; above is a helmet with pillows, that exergue MAUIE^. It was published by Minerriui {Bull. ardi, nap.lll, XII, 9). 14, 15. Head of a diademed douna covered with a cap with a bow pendant from vertex; in front MAL-IE^ (Sestini, M. Fon- den III, 12). E. Ox androprosopus facing right. and look at prospectus, above one head of a bearded faun. The epigraph of second example is it MAIIE?. The llillingen {.incicns coins pi. 1, 2) has well read MAIIE? e well judge in With- sid. a p. 224 that the horizontal line of the L is not visible. Him first attributed this bronze to Mela e that is Melos in Sannio, when others they judged him of Malvcn. tum; then he complied a this opinion. This name MaXdc must assume written as Jlv^ófc in instead of MaXutg, llv^ósig omitted the adjunct iota. So since from the acc- cusative Jlv^ósig yes it is for auadrome created by the Latin Bu- xentuin, so from MalUrza yes is formed the case straight Ma- lientum e inserted into it the digamme, Maliventum. I Eomaui they changed the Maliventum in Bcniventura and omitted the word hauls the Benventums. The primitive foundation of this city yes it therefore belongs to the Greeks. In others specimens the Ca- relli {Dsscr. p. 10) transcribes MALIEM , the qual lesson a ]-reason not yes found good from Avellino, that he examined the specimen described from Carelli {Descript, p. 15); and neither that from me that I have studied le original coins in the collection tion Santangelo e in the Museum of Vienna. The letter t it is constantly like this not written never S no i. The Mommsen writes (H. de the mon. Ili, 187), that the legend does not it is purely Latin as he had believed her before, when negotiating gods dialects of Italy lower page 102. WELCOME 16. Head of Apollo laui-eata time a left and around WELCOME- TOD. A. Horse without bridle running to d. around PRO- ' POM. n Millingen errs in opinion what a welcome both names- neuter native and Propum is Probom name of a magistrate {Consid. p. 225). The horse free remember the ancient one betray- tion that he reported to Diomedes le origins of city. AESBENIA This one colony deduced in 491 he took the head as a type of Pallas guardian deity e personification of the city not without allusion at the Palladium and hands on the reverse 1st eagle who fights the serpent sign, SioarjUiìov, ostentunt, of the god supreme. The god of Lemnos took second place among the pros tectors e there was expressed al reverse Jupiter fulminating with that weapon, that is, that him was manufactured from Vulcan. He copied in end the Campanian types with the androprosopus ox. The novelty of the the fighting eagle the serpent tight bro its claws, of what type there is in all numismatics of Italy that a only confirmation in distant Crotone induces the suspicion that below the symbolic óioariinTov a relative allusion is hidden tive to the establishment of a Roman colony in the heart of Sannio. These settlers still seem new al dialect of Lazio : already the archaic inflections vary of genitive plural that express in three different ways: AISERNIM, AISERNIOM, Al- 5ERNIN0M and omitted the M final AISERNIO, AISERNINO : damage also the ending of the accusative to the name of god Volcano, e write VOL-CANOM , singularity that today yes soles apologize by referring to Greek usage of express in type the image of a statue dedicated, where the verb àviO-r^xs e the name of people it is implied. 17, 18. Head of Pallas covered of helmet Corinthian with crest: in front (AI)SERNIOM e in n. 18 AISERNIM. R. Eagle that fights a snake tight bro i his claws. There are two le legends that yes they depart in coins with these guys from the comime AISERNIOM ed AISERNIM both views from me in two exemplary that they were already of the baron Olive. 19, 20. Head of Vulcano covered by the graduated pileus turned to the left. behind the back of the neck the pincer, front VOUCAiMOM. R. Divi- lightning nity in biga, sometimes as in n. 20 flying over the Victory that brings the crown. In the AI5ERNINO exergue. Millingen says {Consid. 2.19) be difficult to realise of this ending in OM, in Volcanom which cannot take give yourself for accusative. 21. Coli. my. Head of Vulcan with the epigraph e the pincer how in no. 19, 20. 7?. Victoria in chariot, in the exergue AI- SERNIM. An example similar it was published from Piorelli {Ann. of number 1846, tab. Ili, 2). 22. Head of Vulcan with the epigraph referred to above. R. The Victoria what a guide the chariot, in the LATIN exergue. I already printed it other isernines in history of Isernia (Nap. 1847), but not there I interpreted it well I for L, for the persuasion in which he was that should be read Calatino: but now I think it's okay Calatino substitute. 23. In collection Santangelo. In lesson .4 I wrote about said by Mommsen gives solid support Aiserninorn, not less challenged from him. It is very preserved. Head of Apollo laureate a left R.
Ox andoprosopus crowned from Victoria, between the legs \i, in the AISERNINOM exergue. 24. In coli, my, found in Rome on the Aventine. Head of Apollo like in n. 23 in front of AI2ERNINO, one at the back of the neck star. R. Ox androprosopus crowned from Victoria between le whose legs T. KITES! The bronze with the epigraph 51RIM1/IV51V>IN, when it was read Acurunniar, erased by P. Eckhel {Stjll. 1) attributed to Ace- reuza, called by the Latins .icherontia (/). n. v. I, 140), but since was warned that the 51 was valid in Oscan the Latin D, and it was read Am- duìiniad, consequently he was assigned by Carelli to Aqui- lonia, today called Lacedogna. All numismatists, in the opinion of Minervini {Bull. burn. nap. IV, 1856, p. 146), now hold never this Lacedogna as the homeland of money. Among them not however, it had to be counted il Eiccio {Reperì, p. 5 note 6) that in 1852 had written {Reperì, p. 5 note 6) wanting to re- know this Aquilonia in the ruins of Pietrabbondante nearby
100 SAMNIUM T.XC Agnone. But i geographers with the Peutiugerian table pose Aqnilonia after Aedanum between Subromula e the Pons Auficli, Ptolemy places it bro le lonivòiv jtoXeTg e Pliny names the Aquilonii in secunda region Hirpinorum {H. N. Ili 0. XVI, 6). Everything it seems decided, but that's not the case. For ac- accept this attribution it is necessary know if "there is another Aquilonia, and if the coins, although rare, they come to us brought from Lacedogna, which is not known. Because there were in the Samnium two Aquilunia, like two Boiani, and it is the error of Cluverio followed in this from the Harduiuo e from Cellar (Nnt. orb. ani. p. 699-700) e from the old commentators by Livy to have confused i texts that distinctly they named them. The them wrong it is of not having paid attention that T. Livio speak )iel L.X e. 38, 30, 41, 44 of an Aquilonia that it's in Pentri, to which one the consul led the army passing through Atina, while Pliny's Silvaquilonia is located in the Irpinia region you go there T^er Aedanum and Subromula, and therefore involve in the me- same mistake also the Bovianum dei Pentri with another Bovia- num both in same Sannio, it is true, but in places distant, both named by Pliny where writes (III, 17), Samnitium qxios Sabellos et Greeks Saunitas dixere, colony Bovianum velus et allerum cognomine Undecimanorum. Say this second it must be understood that you speak Livy (IX, 44). Vain it is therefore resume I historical (see the page 1021 , 1022 of T. II ed. Drakenboroh) oh later having said in e. 31 that Boviano fii taken come back al e. 44 a say that Boviano it was taken. Parasites also reason a Frontino that of Boviano done colony speaks to p. 231 in the list of colonies of Campania, and then on p. 259 mentions the again co- lonia Boviano among the civitates regionalis Samnii. The Bovianum Undecimanorum however is called Boiano and it is site at the Biferno river; but of the Bovianum vetus it would be it was arduous assign the ancient site, if an illustrious one discovery due al yes5. Brother Sav. Cremonese didn't have it pointed out in Pietrab- bondant at the river Trigno. Of this news he told me it is state courteous answering to the question that I tell him I did, looking-know-where was that Anglona, in which Avellino and others on his authority placed the Bovianum vetus by referring to an ancient tombstone discovered there. The Cre- Monese therefore writes like this: Agnone, 23 Oct. 1880. The tombstone of that You ask me, it certainly comes from Pietrab- bonding. E this le I say frankly, because it was discovered by me in 1840 inside the inhabited area of Pietrabbondante in the middle ad others stones intended for use of factory and coming with the tombstone itself from site of the ancient city, own- mind where is it the theatre. Now established in Pietrabbondante the ancient one headquarters of the Bovianum old we must do observe that Livio speak of this Boviano in L. IX e. 31 (a. u. e. 443), where he calls it ca- put Pentrorum Samnitium, but not in e. 44 of the same book IX (a. u. e. 449), as they claim the critics. Goodness in this year occupying e devastating i Samnites the field Starry of Capua, i consuls Postumius and Miuucius they entered in lands of Sannio and they took to fight them in valley of Biferno and joint forces they destroyed them near Bovianum that fn taken and looted. This Boviano who is nearby Biferno does not it is therefore the Bovianum that is at the Trigno, but it is that of the Eleven, as then yes he said, and it was said by Pliny. However, it is true that Bovianum vetus he returned in power gods Samnites the second e maybe even the third time. T. Livio the he says clear describing le deeds of the year 456 (L. 11, 12) : ibid certifies that the two consuls Cornelius and Fulvius managed to reconquer it; and whether it is this Boviano demonstrates the enterprise conducted immediately afterwards by Fulvius who conquered Alfidena: Fulvius Bovianum aggressus, nec ita multi post Aufidenam vi cepit. I said maybe the third time, because to the year 461 on the beautiful day near Aquilonia Livy says (X, 38) that the leftover of the financial year Samnite quote ran to close in the camps near Aquilonia, and oh the Aquilonian nobles and the cavalry fleeing from the battle they took refuge in Boiano; what makes one infer that then this city it was returned in possession gods San- nite. Peditum agmen quod superfuit pugnae in castrates ad Aquiloniam compulsum east, nobilitas equilesque Bovianum perfugerunt. Now let's say of the ancient headquarters of Aquilonia. On the shore of the Trigno not much far from Agnone in the middle . zodì of Pietrabbondante, from which one It's five miles away in approximately it is an ancient one deserted city still belted of the sea, the they call the Civitavecchia. In this place it's my opinion that was the ancient one Aquilonia.
The little distance from Pietrab- bonding now recognized for Bovianum explains very well what writes Livy (X , 41) the leftovers of the army san- nitic pressed e pushed come on Eomani to have refugees in the camps that they were near Aquilonia , but i nobles e i knights having tried to save himself by fleeing in Bovianum. This one Aquilonia be then distance a twenty miles (Liv. X, 39) from Cominio besieged by the consul Carvilio so Papirius he was able to send a messenger there from the field that it was to him of return in the night. Cominio was in that place he believes however the appellation of Val of Comino. Once it has been proven that there are two kites, the question arises which of them the coin belongs to, something so unusual to the custom Samnite where proximity or the domain of Greek cities us they advised. There is a lot of bronze from Aquilonia rare, although not less, questioned the Cremonese mi he replies, « of have purchased in two different times highly preserved examples plari from a merchant of Agnone, the which one ascertained it of have them had in the countries of Agnone e contours , ai which ones yes extended his small business". The examination of the types (head of Pallas, behind the neck a pa- tera da libation. B. Character soldier in armor helmet and shield with patera in the right and short staff in the left) parmi take a seat very well to represent the main one part of rite called very ancient of the nation from the know- cerdote Ovio Pactio near Livy (X, 381. The emperor, ben determined for such by the short stick, he makes the prior libation al sacrifice requiring each soldier to swear not to abandon i his duce e of do front e not give in al enemy. The patera placed behind at the nape of the neck of Pallas it's a new sign that confirms the explanation date. Lo strata-
T.XC SAMNIU.M 101 gem of the giiirameuto uoii he succeeded it is true to good, but the ritual not it stopped for this reason of be in respect ed observance gods Samnites: we alone are uncertain if the coin yes been co- born first of day fatal at weapons Samnite. 25. In Kircherian. Head of Pallas Corinthian galley deck with crest facing right. in front 5!RIMHV/)V>li'3, at the back of the neck a pa- tera, there. Military character armed with armour, Corinthian galley aunt, clypeus and rod in the act of extend the right, with which holds a patera, hinting like this to the deed of libation. In the specimens from me seen of this rare coin does not appears the tip of the auction of behind al neck of warrior, how believe the Uavedoui {Dwlt. Inst. 1850, 199). Nor then it must be there, given that the auction it is pure, whichever is appropriate al- V Imperalor, supreme leader (Borghesi Oeuvr. VI, 106). I see then behind Pallas's neck a patera convex in the middle, not already a clipcits aereus, as the Modenese numismatist the defines. _^ PRENTKUM The locative Frcnlrei, like Loucrei and Larinci, proves that there was a city called Frentrum, which must have been there capital of the Prentani e on shores del Frento, today Fortore. Back in the day of the Eckhel not yes it was read that BQTHa.i and davasi the bronze to the Pentri (D. n. v. I, 102), 1' Eekhel suspended the his assent waiting that a number with whole epi- graphe would teach you to rather assign this coin to the Prentani (ib. p. 119). Byzantine Stephen appoints a FreiUa- nwm (cf. Cavedoni, Bull. laslit. 1850 p. 199), as a city of Italy lia ; but he cites the fifth book of Strabene, and in this is wrong, why the geographer does not speak there of city, but of the people they slow down (L.V e. 4 § 2). Frenter alike that Fren- taivus derive from the same voice which he named the Frento river. This frentanus found sometimes for guilt gods copyists transfigured in the codes, and yet it was not always the case recognized come on critics. Among these places it seems to me that you have to number that that we read in Livy (t. IX, 16), where he narrates that the consul Aulius Cerretano the year 435 he fought the Fe- rentani, the cities of which surrendered to him: Aulius cum Feren- tanis one second praelio dehellavU urbemque ipsatn, fjuo if melted contulerat acies, obsidibus imperatis in dc- dithionein accept. We will still recognize them in the name of city of Ferentimi, conquered in 432 by the consul Postumius Albino (L. 34), location corrupted variously in codes, which give, Feritram, Fortoriam, Foreirium instead of Frcn- trum: where that cannot be thought let's talk of Ferenlum or Forentum of Puglia, as in Diodorus of Sicily (L. XIX, 65), whose pace yes it is wrongly cited together with that of Livy (IX e. 16, 20) from Millingen {Consid. And. 181), confusing Forentum with Frentrum. Livy he says what a Postumius from Ililionia city of Sannio Pentro led the army to Frentrum : Millionìam oppose aggressus . . . inde Frentrum ductae legiones (not Ferentinum as prints). The city Diodorus speaks of yes it is, also called, Ferenlum of Puglia, which Orazio names together with Acerenza and Bau- aunt, both placed at noon of Venous, to which the Millingen in the place above cited attributes the bronze of Frenter bronze of which one let's talk. Not it is possible that Aulio menasse the army taut'beyond leaving each other in Puglia the enemies at shoulders in Teate Apulian e in Canosa , le which ones city not yes they surrendered than a year later in 436 (Lev. IX, 20; God. XIX, 10) al consul L. Plautius. The companies narrate installments from Diodorus must return to the consulate of C. Giunio Bubulco of the year 437, when also Livy tell, that Perento, or Perento, in which two ways this was said city, it was taken from Junius (1st October 20th): nam Forenlo quoque valid oppidus iunius potitus eral: and that is well after having he tamed the Pngglia, Apulia pcrdomita. It's from notice in confirm that the lesson cum Fientanis yes find at least in code of Lej'da: these I am i Frentrani, him inhabitants of Frentrum, who are called FrentcMi, like the rest of the nation, that occupied le placed lands between the Fortor e the Biferno. 26. Mia coli. Head youthful covered of petasus winged time a left in front I3<5TH3Q8. R. Winged horse that runs on the left between the legs are tripods in the exergue I3QTH3<Ì8. LAEINUM This Larino bordered Puglia Daunia and therefore give it ancient times it is attributed sometimes to the Daunii and sometimes to the Frentani. The Larinati yes they are needed of the alphabet Latin, in which though damage to D the value of the R : a coin was also found with AAPiNUN in language e Greek alphabet e with types of Campania.
But what- coin heads no less that the one that door the name of ItlViTRIlT, Apulian Teate in the Oscan language, which we mentioned a his place, they are coins for me of confederation and I must- good be stay minted in Campania, of which por- tano i types: how in Naples it was of sure joke that ai types Neapolitans joins in Greek language the epigraph 'Foì^icdav. Larino mint obols and ima series of system decide bad: on obols it is written L-ADINEI and UADINOD the which one second legend it is constantly used in the series decimal. This has for type in the obverse of the quincunce, not having issued the axis, one galley head with short hair e curly e i lace at cheeks, particularity from nyno so far os- served, if not except the Mr. Imhoof-Blumer. The Cavedoni that is, he defines it as a Mars young, but only for the hair short and knotted and the pen or twig that adorns the galley [Bull, lnst.it. 1850, 199), which of rest not yes it's bad from me view. What seemed to the learned numismatist denese a pen or a twig nothing else it is that one foil, sometimes adorned, on which one yes they see in one of mine specimen two heads of nails that hold the crest of the helmet. It is also worth noting the series, a boss of which it is the head of Pallas, why these two series yes distinguish also good for the letter V which yes you see on the reverse of before, and not of the second. Yes warn already from Cavedoni {Bull. Instagram. 1. e.) seem that i types of straight yes cor- they reply with those of reverse. Le relationships of Jupiter
102 SAMNIUM T.XC with the falmine , of Hercules col centaui'O , of Thetis col dolphin, of the Genius col cornucopia, of Diana with the dog from hunting I am obvious. We won't do it so case of this that the praised nu- mysmatic had written before if he noticed of this correspondence gods types, be the dolphin in Mediterranean city frog maybe allusive al larinus name of a sure fish, second Bsichio {Spicil. p. 13). To me it seems that also in the quincunx like this the Pallas like the head of young hero they must have one relationship with the armed knight of reverse , like come to the two of straight. This knight he wears a pointed helmet that the Apulian proves no less that the clypeus round. How much to V the Avellino {Bull. nap. to. IV p. 71) believe that yes the initial of the name of the brave larinate, that launching ferociously against the King Pyrrhus in the battle it disturbed Liri in a way le enemy files that he forced the king a shirk from the fight (Flor. 1, 18): Apud Heradeaui et Campaniae fluvmm Urine, Levinus consulted (a. 474) first fight quae tam atrox fuit ut Frenlanae praefect'iis Obsidius invectus in regeni disturbing truth coegc- ritque projectis insignib^is praelio exceed. But this explanation supposes that it was pronounced in Larino Ulsiniiis how I writes Dionysius of Halicarnassus (XVIIl , 2) and not Obsidius, nor Opsidiiis as we read in texts of Floro e of Orosius. Furthermore it does not give a reason why this V repeat on broken inferior, apparently it should be enough of ap- ask it on the quincunx where Obsidio it is represented not al- triments that the on the Roman coin it is noted that in it Philip is represented the Macedonian. In my opinion therefore Queir V not is that a sign monetary belonging to distinction gods mint. E this explanation seems also validate yourself from comparison of others similar coins on which it seemed to Avellino this V was preceded from one unit IV {ad Carellii Description. page 14, 4). If then it comes true that this V exchanged not of rarely with the U, how Cavedoni wants it [in Come on eli. tab. 1. e), that V do- it should say initial ethnic , but it's probable that come on he taken for U im V archaic in which sometimes one of two auctions it's little more short of the other. 27. Mia coli. Head of Pallas covered with a helmet with a vaulted crest a d. B. Lightning e above I-ADINOD, under a caduceus. 28. Mia coli. Head of Pallas aulopid helmet blanket with the crest vault a left R. Horse free current a d., above star, below L-ADINEI. Like Frentrum like this Larinuni ado- pear the genitive singular in this two coins. 29. Head of Apollo graduated time a left in front AAPINilN. B. Androprosopic ox crowned with Victory. The type and epi- graphe in the Greek language they seem to prove that the coin is beaten in Campania, like the one that to the Campanian types acc- couple the legend Pi^tMAIHN, or W1VITNIIT. When there are two epigraphs and they give the names of the two peoples, it is general mind used to inscribe each name in the language his own. Thus we read NEOPOAITilN and CAUENO, SVESANUS. But when one o'clock city to its own currency poses alone the name of the other the ago in language e own character his. 30. Mia coli. Youthful head with beard growth on the cheeks covered of helmet aulopid Christus turned to the right. The Mr. Imhoof- Bl. [Mann. gr. p. 5 no. 5), which yes he is wise to this gote flowery it seems want that in other similar ones there be the head of Pallas. He believes the first one head of Mars. B. Ca- armed valet of sharp helmet and armed of crest with chlamys fluttering at shoulders that goes of great gallop a left he probably carries the round shield with the insignia of lightning and has the spear lowered on the right. in the field it is im V, between i feet of horse reads UADINOD , in- the exergue the note of quincunx. 31. Mia coli. Head of Pallas with long, loose hair covered of the aulopid Christus facing right. B. The knight, the registration e the note of value it is the same, that in the previous n. 30 ; missing alone the letter V, which you have in other specimens and it is repeated on the trient, on the quadrant, on the sextant and on the ounce. 32. Head of Jupiter crowned of 'oak time a d. B. Eagle with lightning in the claws: in the V field and UADINOD; in- the exergue the note of value that it's a trient. 33. Head of Hercules bearded covered of bare of lion. B. Centaur that runs to the right. carrying a tree branch on- r homer left : of under L-ADIMOD, in the exergue the note of dial. 34. Head of Thetis crowned e veiled a d. B, Dolphin , of below UADINOD e the note of sextant. 35. Head of Apollo with hair short graduated a d. behind V. R. Cornucopia, UADINOD, e little globe, sign of the ounce. 36. Bare head of Diana hey hair tied in a tuft on vertex: behind al neck the arch e the quiver. B.
Dog greyhound "that runs a d., above one club and LA, task of under DINoD; in the exergue L sign by half. Avellino places one upstairs skewer from hunting, and below something uncertain (Opusc. II, 23) e like this the Cavedoni; the Sambon leave the field empty. 37. Head of Jupiter graduated once in d. R. Moon growing with inside the star of the day, under LA. The his value is that of the previous number. SOCIAL BELLUM The coins of the Italian insurgents confederate against Soma were struck in the mint of Corfinio chosen by them for capital and denomination singly mined VN3TI-D and ITALY in two languages gods peoples confederates. For Italy understood then that part of the peninsula that from the Bruzzii of Enotria had spread far at Kubicoue and it included those people who asked of ex- evenings incorporated into Roman citizenship. The remainder of the pe- nisola up to the Alps it was Gallia togata and governed themselves in a way of province from a praetor, Roman magistrate. Then the triumvirs on behalf of Julius Caesar who had some done the decree aggre- guaranteed to the rest of Italy. To the ancient traditions touching the origin gine of this name seems that the Samnites replaced their own, second which the young bull sabinus that was said in their dia- bed calf had driven the Sabella youth to settle in lands osche and it constituted Sannio there : whence it is that from the calf they they wanted give a new name to their capital. E this tradition tion of calf it seems that they wanted to express on the
T.XG SAMNIDM 103 oscan coin where you can see it im resting calf from at a armed soldier of parazonium e of spear, who addressed it the pimta a earth e standing in feet rests the left foot above a helmet, or other tool. Cavedoni believed that this was him the conductor of youth sabina, Comio Castronio {Bull. burn, napol. T.V p. 6, 7), that yes wanted to represent (Sisenua ap. Not. V. ver sacrum, Fest. page 326). They had therefore the them senate and 'they created him annual them consuls ai which ones aff- they gave the administration of the war. Ai consuls as if by magic top layer and supreme military leader was also allowed to bat coin. We have so from distinguish the numbers that mint the new republic from those who they are printed in the name of the consuls and what they bring the names. In the first year there were 664 consuls C. Papio Mutilo maybe Sidicino, but Samnite of origin (Diod. Sic. XXXVII, 2) and Q.Pompedius Silone Marso. To him fell the northern and western region. such where they were the Marsi, i Peligni, i Testini e i Picenti, in Mu- tilo the region eastern e southern where they had room i Marruccini, the Samnites, the Apulians and the Lucanians. They are these the eight peoples of which I especially remember the story. Pajjio he served himself of the language Samnite, Silone of Latin which was the language of the Marsi. The mint of capital he tapped in two languages. All of them these classes pose without distinction eight conspirators reversed, but the coins of the two consuls beat again with four that they represent the peoples to defense of each assigned. I successes happy of them weapons they were pompously imagine on coins, where Italy resident above a con- gerie of weapons it is crowned from Victoria, that is to his head helmet blanket is going to impose the crown a suspended victory flying. Koma is also allegorized by the she-wolf and Italy by the calf, which r has underneath i feet e it hits her glue horns. The calf figure also how determining symbol next to a character armed standing col left foot rested over a helmet or other tool lying on the ground. Numismatists have searched so far to interpret that what it was that object in truth badly done that the armed man presses with his foot, and whoever thought it was a banner Roman e who a stone, e some armor. V is it was also ta- moon which he didn't think so strange that you pressed \m foot of bull lying. Le different coins with this guy carefully examined from me, they do this object similar to a small full bag tied in the middle, of which two are the swollen parts and rounded. It could therefore represent the primitive in- Roman military markings which consisted of a handful of hay placed at the top of a pole; perticas manijmlis foeni various fonnatis in summo iunctas (Aur. Yict. Orig. gent. roin. 22), allusive however at origins of the army Roman reproach for I mock give it Italians. Ifel second year 655 the two consuls of the previous year they retained the military command as they did the Komani when it was necessary : e furthermore they were created the two new consuls. These I am, in my opinion, Lucio and her i whose names they are imprinted on coins minted from them. In this year bending badly the expeditions and clashes of the two consuls the Marsi e the peoples neighbors yes they gave to the Piomani e though the Italians abandoned Corfinio they went a get strong in Iseruia. There they elected five praetors at whose head they placed Silo. These recomposed the army which became strong of fifty thousand men e thousand horses (Diod. Sic. L. XXXVII, 11, 9). Yes com- he tapped with varies luck from both le parts, but waning always more le forces of the Italians he thought to urge Mitri- dates king of Pontus that come in them help. A such end of man- they gave legates who were well received by the most powerful king, which promised them how tamed Asia would land in Italy with his crowd (Diod. fragm. 11, L. XXXVII). d óì MitgiSatrjc cmóxqiaiv ài'Scoatv a^siv Tctg Svvdusig yesg rijv 'IxaXiuv, STtsiSàv avruì xara- OTr[arj Tifjv 'Aaiar, loìno yÙQ xal sTiQaTTe. A YES happy news to him Italians they resumed courage e Jeio for lift him souls gods confederates , I believe, he had it beat a coin, on which reverse esjjresse two characters military in act of squeeze them right having Pun I said i.e. Mithridates behind the crowd of ships promises. He minted again the gold with symbols of Bacchus maybe allu- yes at Asian shipments e triumphs of that number, with whom he asked so in glorious comparison the ambitious king of Pontus beyond way of such glory, where it is who called himself réog Jiówcro; how we learn from the University {Dypnos. V, 49), the which also ago mention of the legation italic and Carthaginian location cit.
30: ngt'- Ojiitg ov iióvov ix ràv 'hcchxon' ì'Oviin' àXXà xal ttccocc Kaoyj- Sorioìv cviiiiuxiTv ci'Siovyrfg yes tijV Tijg 'Poiiirig àrccioediv. Volse the year 665, Mithridates not had yet to be seen e le Confederate losses mounted; the Italians lost heart: Yes TTcevTSÀoig ol of Toatùtca Tsranaivaijitvoi àjtsyivtoaxov. Yes Gnaeus Pompeius had submissive the Vestini e i Peligni, the Marsi yes they were surrendered, when Pompedius Silone had one discounts'O with Emilio Mamerco near Boiano, he fell extinct there. The war could say finished if not that i Samnites persisted. Papio Mu- tilo proscribed from Siila and therefore put out of Nola come on San- nished for fear that came to the siege, not being even in Teano wanted to receive from his wife first at the door of the house he killed himself (Licinian. Ann. p. 43 BeroL 1857 ; Livii Epil. LXXXIX; Appian. B.C.I, 40, 42, 51). The last one collapse to the Samnites I day the battle earned from Siila in 672 up Pontius Telesino their leader at Porta Collina (Liv. Epit. LXXXIX). The last ones cases of life of Papio Mutilo they remembered forward : but Millingen condemning Olivieri [Mém. of the Acad. de Cortona t. II p. 59) why had supposed Papio dead in some done of arms, falls then in another error leaning on one correction from Vesseling introduced in text of Appiano {de Blue U. Civil. And. 25) where it was read Slatius ed he he placed there Papius, giving so for done historical that Papio Mutilos him by living in Eoma in the year 711 as he heard himself proscribed by the triumvirs opened the house to looting and he, setting it on fire, died inside it with summary from the flames. Us we have proven that Papio died in Teano Sidicino. Everyone will have noticed that quite a few coins belonging to mint of the Italians are copied from the coins of the Eoma mint. The Avellino {Opusc. The p. 18) he had it warned e the Bourgeois (decade XVI) has numbered them some, e after of him too the Cavedoni no ha attachments i feedback, e look for yourself the reasons {Bull. Instii. 1850 page 201) e the Millingen {Conskl. p. 187) remember i types of the family Sulpicia.
104 SAMNIUM T.XC Kimaue now that we agree of uosti-a interpretation relative to one of coins of war head of which one the Borghesi brought one different opinion, in force of which one it it should reject from the number of those that they were minted come on connected ed be attributed ai facts of Siila with Mithridates. I therefore agree that yes traits of an agreement taken, what me means the join le right : but it seems to me that the bow armed vi stay to determine this of what yes it is treaty between the two characters, i.e of my army of help that one of the two di- send e the other promises. It's useful also rightly interpret- tare the auction that it is date only to the character a left, and that it may well mean the weapon of the Samnites, the saunioii, whence they had near the Greeks the name of Saichnitar. The character on the right visibly of best size looks too on the specimen of Vatican surrounded by a high crown e door le anaxinids, but the one e the other detail he's fine a who represents the king of Pontus: the auction on the contrary badly it would be attributed to Siila, a Roman general, the whose weapon it was the sword he was girding ai hips e therefore call mavasi parazonium. The Bourgeois applauds E. Q. Visconti oh he estimated treat- tarsi here of interview of Siila with Mithridates in which it was with- closed between them peace {Obs. numism. Goddesses. VIII 1; Oeuvr. I p. 374, 375). It is though it should be noted that Visconti takes Mi- tridate the character a left leading the spear and for Siila him that is a right, in that it is followed by Borghesi, the which one then how much to ship he denies that he can mean the trip of Siila, since he went by land to Bardano where he followed that meeting movement, and thinks that the ship wants allude to one gods prin- poles articles of the peace that was there assignment of seventy or eighty triremes: which however concludes appropriately, after receipt le ships, tightens the right of king. Behind everything this already it is come on say that the medal yes been done coin in same year 669 in following, e belongs a Siila, where it would be appropriate exclu- derla from the number of what they were minted give it Italians. The Cavedoni note down here that he it was already of other notice opining that yes treated of interview of one of the Italian legates with Mithridates and in this was approved e followed by Friedlaeuder e from Mommsen. Nonetheless the Borghesi having known le reasons of Friedlaeuder however he maintained the interpretation of Visconti e his in a letter that Cavedoni printed in thereu'L JeW Insl. 1S51 page 61-63. Nor therefore the Cavedoni found that oppose, indeed in confirm of the opinion that these coins Siila beat them in the ticks of the Italians posed in comparison on p. 63 the gold of M. Antonio who saw himself as having a double II instead by E in words DIISIG ITIIH UT TIIRT show yourself, he says, imprinted in some city in Campania. But such a topic in true it doesn't value some; first because now we know pa- ears Roman tombstones they use the spelling restricted to Cam- pania from Cavedoni, and why not yes deal of spelling but of language that in coins predicted yes must suppose Samnite, working hard in them coins le numerical notes gods mint sol own of this nation. The explanation does not seem satisfactory to Borghesi, which represents present the audience given by Mithridates to the legates of the Samnites. « God- golden, eh it is the only one to mention it, there he says, writes the Borghesi, who they not no they reported that some chatter e of empty promises for which rebelles spe atque opihus dciccti animos despondcrunt", and adds: « Nice result indeed of this embassy for deserve that if he took it boast on the numbers » ! Like this he : e really if the thing was told so from Diodorus he doesn't know- prei find reason from justify the Italians who wanted conserve memory of such a desolating embassy for them e fatal. Lo historian states instead that Mithridates promised to the ambassadors that he would go with the crowd to the aid of the Italians tough that had settled the company oh he had then from com- piere, subjugation of Asia. These promises then he does not he maintained. This it is true, but it is also true that i tied they returned in Italy with the promises, and therefore the Italians were not to find it bad that to encourage the allies this result was promulgated tate happy with the embassy e if he made a show of it on the coin. But where did he ever learn? the Borghesi that these instead report tarono ai allies that Mithridates had dates chatter and nonsense empty promises? What these promises of Mithridates were vain not it was possible right away assume, well yes he began a be wary when yes he saw spend the time in what they flattered themselves that would land, e things in the league were going very badly.
I fuck him- radius came e then yes not I could approve whoever claimed that vain promises should be boasted of : seb- well some might even assume that they tried to resuscitate hope col do represent on the coin the tip and from near one of the ships they would have brought the rescue bra- mato: but this it's little probable: it is for opposite very natural that yes would print on coin the consoling promise right away that i they were tied of return. Mithridates on the other side like man shrewd e that he had declared enmity to the Komani colla massacre do it e glue capture of proconsul didn't have to do miss the great opportunity that him he offered to bring the war in Italy with yes happy hopes, especially because they weren't i only Italians who they would help him and supported but the Africans also yet they covet to see Koma destroyed but united tuberculosis with the Italians to urge the most powerful king of Pontus. Co- head news that I don't see to have warned from new there he comes given by the University there where reports the herring that Athens held to the Athenians returning from Asia, where, he said, I sleep near the king i tied of the Italians not only but also gods Carthaginians oh they ask him alliance for bring the war of exterminan above Rome (Athen. Dipnos. V, 1). We have seen how the step of Diodorus attached by Borghesi does not hinder the our interpretation, now we'll have to see how she yes hurry to explain all the composition of this singular type to which, I don't think so yes it's good expected maybe for lack of originals well preserved, or for not have you made one study more careful and minute. The ship that it is a right not it is of Siila, why he he went al interview traveling on the ground, not even it can be said that represent one of triremes that Siila asks them to give in to him by the king Mithridates, why if this if not it would show it army of oriental soldiers , whose obvious symbol they are the two bundles of arrows that can be seen inside together with the shields ; calamis orierUis popidi bella conpciunt, writes Pliny [H. No. XVI, 65). The figure next to the ship does not belong to those who seek it but to those who can
T. XCI. SAMNIUM 105 sits. This is not SillamaJMilridate to whom nuassirides are fine and his hand on the pommel of his sword : but that figure he holds close to the hand which in some specimens is of smaller size and military strength it is much closer to a feminine figure than a manly one, which is also true confirmed by the specimen of the Vatican Museum where it seems clear the chest relief. This one figure shows itself again or crowned ov- true col boss girded with a large diadem and takes you further to the dagger even one spear. For all these reasons not it will never be possible recognize you as a Siila, but or Italy, or any of the legates shipped to Mithridate give them Italians. The short skirt would not be an obstacle to consider her a feminine figure, because of her similar appearance you can see it effi- Venus armed in the money of M. Mezzio and L. Buca coiners of Caesar (Blaeas, //. of the mon. you. II pi. XXXII, 5, 6 pages. 71). Likewise Spain e Gaul in a gold of Gall)a edited from D'Amecourt they go yet them in short skirt {Aanuaire numisiu. 1879 pi. Ili, 1). The spear that doesn't fits a peaceful congress you can be been expressed for Italy come on Samnites, the whose coat of arms it is the aavrioi; as I have demonstrated treat- tanding of the currency gods Samnites (Table XC n. 10). T.iv. XCI. 1-3. Head of a graduated woman with earrings e string of pearls al neck turned to the left. behind ITALY. R. Eight armed men, who the Cave- doni call Impcratores sago indutos, and they don't dress that simple tunic belt, with irons naked in the right, le which tips I am riots to a porchetta held by a minister a pie of im' teaches stuck al soil ; in the exergue, INI. Having already called Italians Italy the city of Corfiuio choice for capital of league they have then personified posen- done the head in straight with the epigraph ITALY, that is as in language saunilica the they said VI>J3TI-3. In the exergue of the no. 1, it is noticed the number gods coinage with numerical digits, in that of n. 2 it is indicated I same with letters alphabet- tics, and this is a P : the third gave us a ten X. 4, 5. In the coli. my. Bust of one of the two Beavers, covered with pileus acuminate degree belt, but there is also one star above, not noticed as it seems by the Duke of Luynes, who has it defined by head of Vulcan (Ann. Instit. t. XIII, p. 129). He wears a chlamys buttoned on the right humerus and is free of tunic, there. Woman armed with helmet, shield and spear leading ima chariot on the starboard side, under which in n. 4 it is the head of an ox front view with two small globes next to it. In n. 5 instead it's a simple T and not other. 6. From a cast. Bust of a galley woman facing left. with armor Corata of gems. It is crowned with a little victory, and yet It seems to me that he represents a personification of city said by the Italians, Italy. A. Standing character in feet e of façade covered with crested helmet with large robe at shoulders, which gathers in front glue left decorated by double armilla supporting the parazonium in vagina, and ap- placing his right hand on a pole which has the tip turned in low, kicks with the left foot object in which stands out There are two prominences globose. From the right side you can see it the bull italic launched to a large extent racing and from left a trunk of tree from which they hang four shields: in Pesergo vi yes law the number HA. Everything is clear in this reverse, only remains uncertain the object that the character armed crowd. The Avellino he estimated that it was a sign Roman military, {It. nuiii. suppl. p. 5), e he drew the Cavedoui in this op- nion. 7, 8. 11 first exemplary he is taken from a cast, the second it is of mine collection. Head of a graduated woman n. 7 with pendants to ears, u. 8 with necklace al neck, time a left, a right there it reads the name of city VNBThl. R. The per- same song described in n. 6, if not that not him yes they see al arm the two arms. Missing on the left the trophy e the bull, which in n. 6 rushed to the course, here instead it rests next to the warrior standing in front: in the exergue there is the letter 3. It is state said that the warrior had place the foot on the paw of lying bull; e the Cavedoni wrote that the bull was placed in the flames, and these they flared up the chest. This idea is false: they believed dute vamps le rough folds of the hanging skin from neck of the bull which is called dewlap and dewlap. Of this composition- tion is used alone Samnite mint of Corfinio and gods leaders Samnites. The Cavedoni he believed to see in this person- naggio military the person real by Comic Castronio leader of youth sabellica in its first planting in the heart of Sannio. The object that crowd it looks like a wide vase mouth, ed it is maybe a helmet. A similar representation at here described was seen and tell it from Avellino in a coin of the Zurlo collection [Booklet. II p. 16 no.
19), which I am told is owned today by a private person. There was on one side the garrisoned head of the r Italy time a left et al towards a man in leonine skin armed with a sword in the act of leaning ad an auction and to sten- dere the right towards the bull that vi you could see it from that side in the middle figure. 9. (Millingen, Sijll. I, 3). Head of a diademed woman with hair collected en masse alPoecipite and string of pearls around the neck, vault on the right R. Victoria winged and seated a d. with a branch of palm in the hands : in the ITALY army. 10, 11. No. 10. Head of a woman graduated from d-, in front is the note X of the money. R. Italy sitting on a mass of clipei, with parazonium in the left that yes lean glue d. at auction, ed it is crowned from Victoria that le is at shoulders: in- Pesergo ITALY. No. 11 (Coli. Luynes). Graduated head of woman time to d. before X, a left ITALY. R. Lo same type of n. 10, but in Pesergo it's a A. 12, 13. CoU. Luyn. and Museum of Parma. Graduated head of a woman with a string of pearls around the neck turned to the right, to the left. ITALY on the right XVI. /(. Italy seated up of a pile of clipei armed of parazonium e of auction it is crowned by Victory : nelPesergo D. It's a good example of two mint in equal time went out with the same note alphabetical D. 14. Coli. Lujm. The types are the same as the two coins precedents : only the letter of the exergue it is here a G. 15, 10. From casts. Head of woman covered of helmet time a d. and crowned from Victoria. Dress one chlamys decorated with
100 SAMNIUM T. XCI a jewel, there. Two characters who came to a close conversation they both go to the right in tunic short, belt, e I know I- litare: him that is a left it is girded of parazonium e bring one throw with the tip in tall but turned back, the other with the left on the parazonium: at shoulders of lai a d. see one bow of ship with I go in the banner lemniscate, two shields and two bundles of darts : in the exergue of n. 15 it is the number A and in that of the number 16 the number IIIIA in the San alphabet Qitioo. The Avellino {Opusc. II p. 16 n. 17, 18) not he says nothing of ship, but instead it describes one small Victoria what a crown at shoulders the character a right e the Hedgehog {Reperì, p. 8) wrote « that a military figure with rod and shield give, the right ad another figure military that le is of- opposite e which supports the left on the parazonium. At this second figure vi it's a base from which one arises little Vittoria who the crown e in other currency hey one figure descent now from the ship that is there behind charge of war instructors." The Hedgehog certainly took her as a shield chlamys military of the first. As for the distinction gods two mint, in one gods such as the crown victory the military on the right, in the other there is instead the ship, it is evident that he he wanted give rise to the description of Avellino, e a this that he saw with their own eyes, the ship, not the victoria, but it seems to me to be one I'm wrong since charge at Avellino, on which he still relies the description of the Zurlo coin reported of above. Orsino published the ])ryme a coin with same types described by me, i.e. with the Victory, above first base that crown the military to the right, but in the exergue on the reverse instead of the number IIIIA he read the epigraph SVLLA IW\P. Let's see now le explanations that yes they are dates come on scholars. Borghesi admitted (Oeuvr. I page 374 ff., II p. 273) the coin of the Orsino (pr. the Morelli tab. V n. 2) e that of Zurlo (Avellino Booklet t. II p. 16 n. 17, 18) and siilla faith of the first he established himself follow the explanation that he had some of recent proposal the Visconti, that yes treated there of Siila's famous meeting with Mithridates, in which was known between their peace. Only one thing he noticed he couldn't be that the ship was of Siila, from then that he yes it was brought to the ground, but oh well of thirty or eighty Mithridates' triremes surrendered to Siila, as one gods main articles of that peace. Pose so Siila a right and Mi- tridate on the left. Be armed of parazonium and Mithridates co- ronato of the diadem, having an auction below the arm left with the tip revolt backwards. From this infers that the me- daughter it was minted in 669 when this happened done, at most during the year following. How much then to the coin of Zurlo he says seem probable to him that yes desired in it represent the peace concluded in 667 by Pontius Telesinus with old Mario, of which one Appian reasons {B. come. 1. e. 90). But yeah left since 1850, {Bull. Instit. p. 201) the Cavedoni raised suspicion the epigraph doubting that Orsino would take the number IIIIA for name own e no did SVLLA then added IMP and Mommsen declared his opinion sure that such registration both at all from Orsino shaped. We actually have an example of this dissimilar in Garelli (iJescr. page 118 u. 29 ed. Caved.), that assigned to the Marsica war the number of Vibia family, omitted the reverse epigraph, and the genitive LIBER changed on the obverse TATIS in the callsign LIBERTAS. It can therefore be accepted that the Orsino has wrong. How much then to my opinion, that resolutely I reject the explanation of Visconti applauded from Borghesi, see what I wrote about it in the prolegomenon. 17. Coli. Blacas (//. De la monn. T. II 531, 1). Head of a woman crowned of ellera turned to the right. to whom runs around one co- rona di lauro. B. Taurus that he wounds the she-wolf already below with his horn his feet : in the field Pi, in the exergue VIn|>I3TH. There is some an example in the Santangelo collection (Fiorelli, Catal. n. 509). But the Hedgehog {Repert. p. 9) makes a mistake by attributing them al straight the legend of the coin placed al n. 26th and al re- towards the legend VITELIA in place of osca predicted. 18.Coli, by Luynes (Avel. Opusc. II, 2, 7). Imitation of de- naro primitive of Rome, of which door i types. In the exergue of the reverse it reads VI43TI-I1 in the field of straight L, of riverso A. The Cavedoni find that this number yes imi- tate come on denarii gods triumviri, M. Atilius Serano, Q. Marcius Liboue, L. Sempronius Pition, especially for the shape Tot'yXijVog of the earring. 19. 20. Coli. my. Head of a woman graduate on the right. A. Eight jurors around to kept porchetta by the minister a foot of the dress sillo military. An O remains in the exergue.
This is one of the two coins to me notes that doorman him eight swearers al reversed and the head of the obverse turns to the right (Car. pl. Ili, 13); and yet I placed it next to the famous and unique coin by Q. Silone n. 20. In it behind the head of the woman we have the epi- ITALY graphe which has not been printed from minted in n. 19 e al reverse it reads whole Q • SILO. You can dream of the Me- rimee {Drink no. t. X p. 93, 103) that the banner has in tops a bull in prospect that yes leans. 21. Coli. my. Male head with fluff on the cheeks covered of fin helmet from the top of which a string hangs over the shoulders of pearls that him does from crest. He looks at d. and he has at behind the epigraph VI-J3T1-II. A. Four armed they swear on porchetta held by a minister: in the exergue •>-linflKin>. The Millingen {Consid. p. 185 n. 5) describes this coin as if the head of the obverse it was a woman's; it seemed to Cavedoni instead of was head of Mars {Bull. Instit. 1837 p. 199). There's no need now that examine themselves e yes let's compare him specimens for decide the question, if it is possible, how longing the Millingen, page 253, having it beautiful e clear de- cisa double mine exemplary very preserved. 22. Head of a covered woman of helmet finniger with crest and ra- beschi turns left in front <]VTi^
T. XCI SAMNIUM, APULTA 107 24, 25. Head of douna covered of helmet as in n. 22: front ^liTypII R. Armed man col bull next as in the u. 23 in high a d. n. 24 8, n. 25 fl, a left WIHISNi. The Millingeu opine [Consid. p. 187) that this coin was minted by the Samnites left alone to continue the war, and therefore in place of Italy yes it is written Saphùiìm, name of Sannio: but not it seems. What we call a wolf today was thought to be a crocodile, but this error the he corrected the Scklichtegrolle (ap. Avell. /{. vet. num. T. I p. 96, 97). The union of a legend in Latin language with the name Samnite by C. Papio it is explained from Cavedoni with joy of the Marsi e of the Samnites together for death of Q. Servilius Caepio or rather than C. Ser- vilius proconsul {ad Carelli Tab. CCII n. 30). But the no. 27 coins types of the Roman deuary of C. Servilius son of Mark, and the only one epigraph Latin, shows that C. Papio lo reproduced, and like this he placed you there his name in language e character Samnite. 26. Head crowned with ivy facing right. in front qVTNqait13 •>IITVIt1. E. Taurus that hurts of horn the she-wolf as in n. 17: in- the exergue iriNRn-). There is an example in the Berlin Museum where the bull and the she-wolf are facing left. 27-29. Imitation of money by C. Servilio: in the exergue of the reverse n. 27 ITALY and a star; n. 28 •> IDlNirvin-) and on the side of straight below the neck, >lhTVH1 and a star. In n. 29 are read combine two legends of the reverse of the n. 27, 28, one though backwards •>-inNNn-> the other al obverse ITALY preceded by six-rayed star 'not to be confused with the money note. In all this Marsica coinage does not it sees itself usurped the note ^ or * , if not except the nos. 28 , 29 copied from Roman money of Servilio. 30, 31. I types of these two coins I am similar a those gods n. 7, 8 vi you can see it only addition the X note in straight e in the exergue of reverse n. 30 Jl. La reverse epigraph is new: ^H1 l>IDV>|-IH, Niumeres Lmci{es) M{a)r(as), (Nu- merìus Lucius Marii filius). In the nummo of n. 31 yes it was Luvius bed, e like this it is of done: but the first I yes. it's later seen that it must be a » bad expressed: waves if no sorry him publishers front to discovery. 32. Coli. Liiynes. This coin was previously held under suspicion of mo- " derna was then given for false. But it it certainly is true a mine judgment and the Luynes who bought it and added to his illustrious collection. The Priedlaender published it {Die Osck. Miin. 73). Head of a woman crowned with ivy. R. Instruction lies of cult of Bacchus, cist, nebrides, thyrsus that here it is lemniscate: in the exergue it reads: im-^IK3l-im. This gold so far the only one weighs gr. 8.47 as much as one stater Athenian, e I love Mithridates. I believe he was beaten by Consul Minazio her son of Minazio a fin of lift your spirits of the financial year cito and the confederates with the promise of King Mithridates, and pro- probably with gold brought from Asia. The Priedlaender first e then Cavedoni wrote that the thyrsus ends in the head of mutton, but it's a mistake, that he sees himself corrected by Blacas in the // edition. De la monn. T. IV pi. XXX, 11, when- so be wrong by taking the se- crown of the three ivy leaves that crown the extreme ferula, n. 30. APULIA TIATE APULUM The Apulian Daunians they held the region neighboring with the Prei- tani to the north whose limit it was the Biferno : but the lands placed bro the Biferno e the Fortor they partly belonged to the Frentani of Larino, partly to the Apulians of Teano : Larinatium Clitórnia, Tea- num Apulorum, writes Pliny (//. N. Ili, 16) and Strabene (VI, 11): YES i^iscfoyaia rò "AttovXov Tsccvov Ò!.id»'i\itov ti[> 2idtxh
But this synonymy is not it was understood by Livy (IX, 20), who posed two peoples one in Puglia in Teanum e the other in Teate (see Niebhur, III, 261; Momms. in the Ann. of numism. del Pio- relli, 1846 p. 105 e 106). Because like this he yes expresses: Ex Apulia Teanenses Canusinique popwlationibus fools, obsidibus L. Plaulius consults datas, in dedication venerunt... Inciinatis semel in Apulia rebus Teates quoque Apuli ad novos consules C. lunium Bubulcum, Q.Aemiliam Barbulam foedus petitum ve- nerunt, pacis per omnem Apuliam praestandae populo Romano authors. But this shouldn't be surprising misunderstanding of T. Livio where it distinguishes i Teenenses come on Teates, with what two ways in their monuments doubly they appeal. Tiate it's voice whole, e he thinks so too the Cavedoni {Bull. Instit. 1850, 199), not already truncates, and derives from the neuter Teate, which is adjective. It may be that what the TIA of some didrachms e it is not of some offering trunk, but one's primitive name. On some other offering together with ITAIT retrograde yes law, second the Minervini {Obs. number 1. 1, 5-8) lfll>lfH lAAIS the which before letter i is im- perfect, why in other exemplary it is 3. It's name of any of- born Bidaeus Haciaeus, in Apulian dialect that maybe in Latin he replies a Vedius Accius. The mite with Campanian types and the epigraph osca it is become famous. It had appeared fin from the times of Pellerin {Suppl. Ili p. 95), but Ietto a reverse was given to Mur- gantia city of Sannio. This lesson and attribution they were accepted from Lanzi {Wise II p. 601) e from Caronni {Mus. Hederv. p. 20), the which one also he deluded himself when he saw you for type a lion instead of ox androprosopus. The Avellino the first found erroneous the legend e false attribution illustrating a 14
108 APULIA T. XCII similar number of r. Museum, on which one read WVlTRilT, but he awarded it in Teate Marruecino. In jiari time it happened that I I found an example in the Borgiano Museum of Propaganda in Koma plare new and without knowing of Pellerin, I spoke about it in the TAccademia Ercolanese, the year 1847, e I I declared fahbrica bell. The Theatines they pose in the first three sections of their series by type in first G-iove, then Minerva, then Hercules: in the remaining three they repeat Pallas. Their system is decimal, and the major unit they say it nummus, meaning it glue initial N. In the sextant the Avellino seen a right an i more size of let- tere TIATI he estimated that it was a monogram from dissolve in VM and to join to TIATI, so that it would be read TIATIVM ; but in others specimens yes it is in that place found a K, or one crown, e the ounce brings sometimes a T. It seems so that these letters, how the crown, they are sometimes if about money. Table XCII. 1, 3. Head of a diademed woman time a left R. Jockey what the- crossing crown his horse between whose feet it's a dolphin: r epigraph it is TIATI in n. 1, TIA TI in n. 2 e vi yes sees an A in the field of larger size: it cannot fit try therefore that yes read subsequently TIATIA as seems to propose the Minervini (1. cit. page 112 note 2). In n. 3 we read TIA only (see Minervini, Obs. table VI n. 6). I types of these coins I am tarantini. 4. Head of Pallas covered of helmet attic decorated of gems in a way of flowers. E. Hercules on his knees with the club in the left suffocates the lion : above TIATI (Sambon, Recher- ches, XV, 14). 5. Head of Pallas covered of helmet aulopid with crest. R. Hercules in feet face a left suffocates the lion, behind of he is the club : in front of TIATI. These two numbers (4, 5) I'm one imitation of as many tarantini. 6. Head of woman with short hair time a d. R. Civetta above \m olive branch time to right: in front from left TIATI. This coin still carries i not really types but removed from Veliesi. He had it date to the light the pr. of s. Giorgio {Monu- lies unpublished tab. 8 n. 1 page 109). The Priedlaeuder {Osk. Miinz. 1850 page 50) believe that the head is of man to mo- tive gods hair short e of lack of pendants at ears. Other numismatists have rejected it, but without reason. tive. They should have consider I study of whetstone- these Teanese to imitate i types of other cities, and also the ancient way of expressing an alliance by adding your name ai types others. Or if you want to keep that the head yes virile we will have to compare this coin with one of Crotone (tab. ex n. 2), if female, we'll put them on next to one of Velia (tab. CXIX n. 7). 7. 8. Head of Pallas covered of helmet crested time to d. R. Civetta time and time again a right: the epigraph in n. 7 is TIAT in n. 8 it's TIA. 9. Head of Apollo graduated a left in front ItlVITRIlT that the Pellerin read MVRTA/VTIA and attributed to Murganzia in San- nio. R. Ox audroprosopus, lightning above. That the le- tion of Pellerin was wrong had given notice the Millingen {Consid. page 180). He searched the coin of Pellerin in the Parisian Cabinet of medals vi scrolled clear WV e he noticed that they were the latest letters of ending of a name, which one it is that of Nuceria, Compul- teria e of others in Oscan dialect. But yes arrested here. Then in 1845 the Piorelli {Mon. uned. page 21) he claimed oh in two specimens of the Museum of Naples the law was very clear genda MVRTANTIA, and ne quoted a third of the Santan Museum frost, unpublished for the symbol that brought on the bull of reverse. 10. Protome of evallo col brake face a d. a left IflAlS IAI>IAH. R. Horse gradient to the left. above ITAIT (Minervini, Obs. numism. I, 5). I say horse and not a lion, because such they manifest it in the drawing le nails, the tail and the mane. 11. Head of Jupiter crowned with laurel facing right. R. Eagle standing on lightning ad wings explain : ad. No and THIATES. 12. Head of Minerva covered you have a helmet Corinthian a d. R. Civetta of front, left. TIATI, a d. lightning, in the exergue the note of pentoncio •••••. 13. Head of bearded Hercules e covered from bare by leone a d. R. Leone oh he goes to right, above the club and THIATES between the legs a star, in the exergue the note of the Triente ••••. 14. Head of Minerva covered of aulopid. R. Civetta. 15. 16. I types I am i same that in n. 14 alone in n. 16 to the right of the owl there was a Greek sigma of proportion tions superiors to the shape of the TIATI . The Avellino {Opusc. Ill page. 115 table VII, 8) opined that it was a monogram e should join to the name of city and form so a genitive TIATIW, where that W was worth the two letters VM.
To which opinion I think that face obstacle the novelty reading throughout the series constantly TIATI where the voca- bolus is not shortened, in TIA, TIAT: then the larger size of believed to be a monogram. Others have estimated that this one it was an M e they quote others letters that monetary terms; like p. And. the K of a trient noted in a coin catalogue printed in Milan in 1881 (page 27 to nos. 310, 311). The Kiccio gives you a U {Reperì, p. 21) ed it is taken from Eried- laender because it omits to indicate where {Osk. Miinz. p. 52) if a right, if left, if in straight or in reverse e in which one fraction of series. Me after all, I'm not opposed to who believed that the coins Theatines sometimes have letters monetary, like of facts show other signs bro which it is also a crown in their place a right of reverse. Alone I think you have to do exception of i, for le his pro- portions, and why it doesn't seem so one for me Latin letter nor a monogram, but a Greek sigma. The sextant where it is the S ^ weighs 4.50 grams. 17, 18. I types I am the same ones that in sextant, alone a right of owl in n. 17 vi it's a crown. In n. 18 the ounce door a right on the reverse a T. 19. In the Museum of Vienna. Head of Neptune graduated. A. The hero Taranto on horseback to the crowned and bearded dolphin with a tri- tooth in the left e in the act of offer a vase glue right: in high TIATI, at the foot left the note of here-
T. XCII APULIA 109 cbante. The Carelli T. LXXXVIl, 15 count five globes in his exemplary, imagining that one of they globes themselves hidden by the foot of the hero, the oh no him yes you can grant. Takes furthermore for little globe the right foot, that though not you can see it in his exemplary. Giulio Sambon in Calai, of collection Bourgeois n. 314 ne matters four al reverse e as many al straight of that specimen, and cites the Father's Recherches p. 218, 15. But Poole in the example plare of the Museum British [CataL page 147 n. 16) no counts three only in straight, e three he also recognized the Piorelli in straight e in reverse gods two specimens of collection Santangelo {Calai, mi. 2109, 2110). I don't I have I just saw it that the specimens of Vienna e of Naples e me par sure that if in others specimens have counted four e five globes this it is state because they took for such also the feet of Taranto. 20. Coli. Imhooff-BI. Head of a veiled graduate woman d. die- between two little globes. R. Dove in flight a left TIATl, and on the right. i two globes. A other exemplary but not like this accomplished erasi already from me taken a cast in the Parma Museum. HYEIUM A north of the mountain Gargano vi it was one city of name Hyrium, last of lapigia (Dionys. de situ orbis V. 379), at to which one showed up of im hill of name Joiov the tomb of Calchas, that tamed the Lucanians took living room in those lands (Strabo, VI, 3, 9), that ai times of Pliny {H. N. Ili e. 16) were inhabited by the Atinates; here loca nunc lieutenant Atinates. Other it is the hill pointed out from Scilace that he calls it, no it's good sure, 'AqCiov, which word from Muller you want to change in 'YesqCwv, I revo- cando a such end the fairy tale of Orion of Hi/ria Boeotian, the tradition that makes you come the Boeotians in the lapigia with Mes- I know, from which Messapia was named [ad Scylacis Peripl. page 23 ed. Didot). The pennies that they come from those shores call those people 'Yqucvivoì, a patronymic form, which comes from 'YQiàxì]c. (Millingen, Consid. p. 119), but Pliny He calls them Hyrini, deriving from it the name from Hyrium. Hyria- vats it's form unusual, as he noted the Bckhel, but it seems analogous to me logo al Tiates, that yes they say Tiatini e like this also him inhabitants of Hyrina bell differently yes they appeal Hijriatae, Hyriani, flyrinaei, on their coins. Amazing it is the only that it gives to city the name of Ovqhov. Meeting at Gar- gano yes they have le islands of Tremiti, in one of the which one dictates of Diomedes, Diomedis insula, he was venerated the tomb of this hero, to overshadow the which, approximately 364 vi yes it was transplanted a plane tree, the which cultivation then spread in Sicily and it was then from Dionigi the old man transported to Italy lia (Plin. H. N. XII, 3) : Platanus haec east ionium sea in Diomedis insulam eiusdem tumuli spelling primum in- peak, inde in Sicily transgressed, atque inter primas donated Italiae. In cited passage of Pliny it is very remarkable the news that gives us Lucani and of Atinati on the Gargano, of which two places poles not I know that others there speak. We have an Atina in Volsci and another Atina in Lucania both meditate- ranee. A these Atinates who lived on the sea I thought time to assign the bronze of the Borgiano Museum of Pro- paganda (Plate CXXV, 3) with the Bust of Pallas on the obverse e the ATlNilN legend e on the reverse side one entire ship : but I don't I am portrait whereas in the coins of Italy there is no example of busts, if not of alone Hercules like this expressed by the Venosini and not from others: in female figures it is then without example. 21. In coli. my. Head of Pallas covered of aulopid helmet crested. R. Rudder e dolphin, VPlATINilN 22. From one of mine cast. Head of Jupiter graduated from d. R. Lightning and YPIATlNilN. LUCERIA The series minted of the Lucerina coin yes wants to ask a comparison glue series purr I have given to him place. Nella purred if not except the eldest units are symbols and not images of the gods : these instead can be seen imprinted in the series minted and bear one of the expressed symbols on the reverse in the corresponding melted coin: whence it turns out that in this sense those symbols yes I am from the beginning imagine. After le first three coins, which belong to series of the obols cut on the system greek, it begins the series decimal from quincunx whose types are Pallas and the wheel. Continued Hercules with le his weapons, then Neptune col dolphin, then Teti with the shell and Apollo with the frog and Diana with the cresting moon scent. Eimamano the lightning, the star, the astragalus, the ear of wheat, the thyrsus symbols a lot known of Jupiter, of Apollo- Sun, of Venus, of Ceres e of Bacchus. It doesn't seem like it therefore that yes check the allusion almost talking weapons of the moon e of the star to the name of Lucerla, as they conjectured the Cavedoni (Essay, 16) and Avellino {Op. 11, 64). They have from consider yourself as singular the wheel e the frog.
But yes warn, that these gods are distributed on the coin to cover pie. Minerva and Hercules, Neptune e Thetis, Apollo and Diana, where can come some light. Because if Minerva yes find together with Hercules this it's because him she was a companion constant in all his exploits; it was his Nemesis, his Tyche. The frog can then be considered as a symbol tidic; because it was held that with his croak more strong e pili clearer than usual it presaged the imminent fertilisers rains (Aelian., de nat. anima. IX, e. 13): oTav ^àTQuxoi, ysyiovÓTSQov (f&ayyoìVTai, xal Tpjg ffvvrj-S-sCag Xa[i7TQÓT£Qov, inidriniav S-^Xavaiv true, e Pliny (H. N. XVIII, 85, 87) writes: Est et aquarum significatio . . praesagiunt et anima- enchantment. . Ranae quoque ultra solitum vocalis. There is, however, a other Hiatus from which one if is considered the frog one will appear novel symbolic relationship with the god to whom it refers here. This it is I use that a lot fé' of the frog the magical super stition to cure several types of diseases. Who craves it read the cited Pliny who speaks extensively about it (L. XXXII e. 18). Must not be omitted to be considered the nice response
110 APULIA T. XCII tro than to this one Lucerina series offers the coin series larisati, in which, how yes it is noticed, the reverse door a symbol of divinity represented on the obverse. Luceria it was also oiHchina of the Roman coin he reproduced in- telling you the Lucerina mint glue alone get started U. 23. In Kircheriauo, hammered coin found in the waters of Vi- cart. Head of Neptune on the right. R. Delfino on the right. and under U. Que- these types then became their own of the Incerino quadrant see n. 28. 24. Coli. Lippi in Biccari. Bearded head a d. R. Leone oh yes arrest a d., of above a caduceus, in the exergue U. 25. In the Museum of Naples. Head of young Hercules covered with bare of lion. R. Arco e club UOYKDEI. The ending of this name I close al similar 13QTI/13Q8. Nella Lombardi collection in Lucerà I also saw e I transcribed a exemplary with the epigraph UOVKEDOV, so the name pro- first of this one city was Lucerwm that the Latins they said Lu- ceria. The letter D is worth r in the Oscan and Etruscan alphabet in equal to that in archaic Greek. Lucerà's coin does not inscribe in no one of these alphabets, but in one everything his own that him is common with that of the Frentani , of Larino, e of Irno. 26. The series of numbers or decimal axes issued by the Lucerini adopted pear the alphabet Latin. The axis or major unit missing, the quincunx or semisse that weighs about half an ounce has per type Minerva's captive head with the note and> or » to » and reverse the wheel bro i which rockets yes law EGGS. The Cavedoni (Sat/Thu, 16) held against the Bestini that this symbol it was not a wheel, missing the turn of the quarters. He para- goes to the wood decussed on the tents or torches, and these splinters recognizes Avellino (Op. Il, 13, 175) in me- tapontine, which in my opinion are not there nor wheel rockets, nor splinters of torch, yes the groma land surveyor. But in coins of Luceria is of sure like this expressed the wheel, how it proves from the comparison of the currency minted por- many the same ones types that the purred. 27. Head of young Hercules covered of skin of lion. R. Arco, club and quiver, i signs of trient I am repeated on two faces. 28. Head of Neptune diademed time a d. behind the note from dial. R. Delfino a d., on a trident iron, below EGGS. 29. Head of Teti graduated e veiled, behind the note of the sextant. R. Conchiglia and EGGS. 30. Head of Apollo graduated a d. behind the ounce globe. R. Kana and around EGGS. 31. Head of Diana with the planet growing on front, the arch e the quiver behind the neck. A. Half moon and EGGS. As- you know early and left since the century fifth of Rome he began in Lucerà to exchange the U acute with normal, as I said- shown elsewhere {Ann. of the Institute 1860, p. 232, 233). ASCULUM From Ascoli Puglia has been remembered since 475 (Pron- tin. Stmtag. 1. e. 3) then that in his Pirro fields gave harsh battle to the Romans that nevertheless they reported some advantage (Flor. 1,18): In Apulia apiiid Asculum melius dimicatum est Curio Fabricioqua consulibus. 1 Greeks the di- cone "Affxlog and “AaxXov, the AYCKAA coins. Which voice it was read AVCKAA by Pellerin who attributed the coin to Dus- hidden of Illyricum. There is also a coin bearing for type the protome of horse braked and on the reverse the ear repeating on the two faces the legend AYhYSKAI. The If- stini first read AYPYfKilN {Leti. t. II p. 3 washes V, 1) e he attributed it to the Aurunci ; but he added, ut videtw, not being sure {Catal. gen. Ainsley) that it should be read like this gere : then him it seemed that vi was written AYCKAlilN [Lit. tom. V p. 38) e the gave to Ascoli. In 1814 the Avellino having seen an example, on which he read AYPYfKHIVl on one side and AYPY... on the other, he stared at it the ancient one attribution acted Aurunci, waves the Bestini for such reason he returned in- behind to the opinion than before {CI. gen. p. 5), e so, too the Reynier declaring of having been brought there by the authority of numismatic Neapolitan {Précis d'une coli, de med. p. II). Meanwhile the Avellino went back to examine his lesson and the it looked like it had to be AVPYSAi : for which thing he sought to what people could attribute oneself e him it seemed {Op. t. III p. 119-121) that they should be /lj-wsj?it, which name drew come on codes of Ploro, of Frontinus e of Orosio, where those fields that Livy calls fields are called Aiirusini Taurasini. To all these false attributions poses term the Millingen he knew the first which one was the real thing lore of the third letter taken for a P by Bestini e from- the Avellino e he declared that it was one instead spirit placed between half a these two Y's writing to each other AYhYSKAl, where then sivwrote AYCKAl. What yes it's here proven for the mite yes must also estimate said for the hemiobulus, that the Carelli (tab. LXVI, 2 Catal. p.
II) gave to the Aurunci e the Avel- linen to the Aurusini. The Priedlaender then assigned it to Ascoli also a bronze that he went to Arpi, having you AY bed- CKAIN retrograde in one of its specimens. To the city of Ascoli you also have to attribute the fused series of semissal system, where we have the triente, the dial, the sextant, the ounce e the semoncia, of which see the statement in Table LXV. The Ascolans they have for type one Victoria that door in the right a crown hanging from a ribbon, or lemniseum, and he seems to want to tie her to a palm branch in his hand left. The Cavedoni he believed that with this were alluding to day of Pyrrhus against the Romans near the walls of Ascoli, where it was born the proverb Oscularla pugna, here means- tur vietos win. But I don't I understand how to tie the co- rona to the palm you can to be wanted allude al signifi- cat of who won wins. The tie the crown on the palm with long lemniseum, wants say everything al more double the pre- mine of victory. How much then al meaning of Osculana fight badly yes it is entrusted the Cavedoni in Verrio Placco, what he said near Pesto (s. v.) to have been called Osculana fight that battle where the Romans beaten by Pyrrhus at Heraclea in 474 they won in 475 in Ascoli. But strange is this explanation- gation of a done that where be state singular for
T. XCII APULIA 111 give rise to uu iirverb, while it is common many days born fields that who wins in one can lose in other. Verrio therefore not he knew the done singular of Ascoli that there it is narrated by Dionysius Alicaruasseo (Exc. ex 1. XX ed. Didot ad calcem Josephi Hebr. p. |9). The Eomans were already defeated by Pirro in Ascoli, when the Darmis arrived auxiliaries from Arpì, but too much late and forced to flee they turned al field of Pyrrhus e found him without it defense I I plundered it : which changed ad a stretch the luck, e those who give a side they were forced to escape on the other they collected le bare of the enemy: Here in{de) escape wrists, hinc spolia collicjunt, he wrote Titinium (ap. Festum in ùscv.1. fight p. 197 ed. Mules.). 32. Protome of reined horse facing left. below the neck AYl-Y? B. Spiga of wheat and AYhYSKAl. 33. Dog greyhound face a d. in the exergue AYhYSKAl. R. Spiga of wheat and AYHY. 34. Cignale in racing a d., above iron of spear, in the exergue r«JlA>l)YA. R. Spiga of wheat. 35. Head of young Hercules facing left, the club behind his neck. R. Vittoria who suspends a crown hanging from a lem- I end up on a branch palm, behind AYCKAA 36. I types they are the same ones in smaller form, the epigraph is missing. (Friedlaender, Osk. Miinz. page 56, Taf. VII). It was in the collection of Onofrio Bongos. ARPI Strabene deduced from the broad fence of the walls of Arpi e of Canosa that their ancient greatness must have prevailed over all le city italic (VI, 3, 9). Today of Arpi there is nothing left other than that the not much copious coinage of silver e of bronze, from which we learn, qual it is his real name. Amazing he states (1. cit. 6, 7) that it was originally called "J^yog mrciov, then 'Agyi'QiTTTca, and finally in his time "Aqtioi: ^ExciIsìto d'è'§ ciQxfjg “A^yog TnTxiov sIt 'AgyvQcuTia, yeszavvv 'Aqtzoi. Stephen of Byzantium he adds (see HgyvQiTiTTa), that first of all it was called Acefint]: avTr^ AckijiTTì] sxaì.sÌTo. The qual voice the Berkelius, followed now from Meineke, wanted to change, replacing 'Aqtzoì, without re- flex which thus contradict Strabene and Dionysius {Exc. L.XX), i which ones they say that "Aqtcoì was the name more recent. Nonetheless the Greek writers when they mention this city they like to call it 'AgyvQiTrna (Licophr. v. 592; Polem. fragm. 20, Strabo, 1. cit. ; Dionjs. Halic, Exc. go. 20, 6) ; Appiano then gives them the name of "Agyog without alti'a added (De reb. syriac.) : tÒ (Agyog) év rm 'loi'ioì Xayòixsvov olxiaca Jioi-irjSrjV àXcó/jisvov. It was therefore said that Arpi was one of the cities founded by God- mede wandering after the war Trojan, who came in rescue of King Daunus, being then these lands live from the Monads e from the Darts, taken e two of their Apina cities destroyed e Trica, fab- bribed this Argo near a city called Filarane (Plin. H. N. ni, 16, 5; Served in Aen. VI, 246); e he nicknamed her Tuniov. He after death he had you him honors divine, and Polemo writes (ap. Schol. Pìnd., Nem. X. 12) of having seen a temple a him sacred in it city. Ad shame of everyone these names that they are read in the written bulls Greeks, Harps in its coins not yes gives other name that of APRA and APHANUN. I say APflA, because I think so, seeing it pili times repeated, must be whole e not trunk, as it is for opposite APHAN. The instead it swans of Apulia dialect it is in common language I same that ccqttìj, hook, which tool the Carelli estimated it to be a harpago, almost a talking weapon, comparable nando the figure to a similar hook expressed up one coin gods Brezzii (tab. CLXXII, 40). The Arpani divide the larger unit into halves, thirds and thirds sixth parts, which when broken they give as their type the ear of wheat fold, double and triple. They also minted alliance coins, placing the their name with that of allied city, and sometimes omitting it, probably because the guy indicated it enough. Minervini put in light five pennies {Obs. tab. VII, 6-10 page 87) three of which ones I have reproduced in mine table. The most common type is the head of Pallas on the obverse and Hercules that suffocates the lion on the reverse. The legend in the first it's CEP al dr. and APflA al reverse: in the second yes law only in straight APPACEPT : in the third it is likewise to Dr. CEPA. . . From comparison oh we can do appears undoubted that there are two names now divided now united e the one of they it definitely is Arpi, the other it is Vert in charge and put after that of Arpi. Rejected the first idea (e a reason) that let this be the name of a magistrate, the Minervini it was of opinion than in CEPT would hide the name of llerdonea transformed into Lsqrwvia (p. 89) for the hardness of Messapian pronunciation ed epicoriness.
Puts but from part the Ir- vats of Japigia of a marble found on mount Irso, e i Vertini, Ovsqtìioi, of Lucania remembered by Strabene (VI, 2, 8). New discoveries have me pei convinced that at Vertina of Stra- good it was as necessary give in the post office and give preference. Of two coins which I add at three o'clock at Minervini the first of show that after the t followed in the less disguised name a I, reading CEPTi there, the second then gives us the full and certain name tion searched for: this is CEPTIENA, a word very close to the OvsQzhai of Amazing. This one Verliena can be today's Verzina, as you like it at Barrie, post town ai borders of Lu- dog towards Venosa, distance about two miles from Bradane in diocese of Acerenza. They follow two coins of collection of Luynes with types of Minerva's head on one side and a bridled horse on the other: but in the first there is for legend KA, in the second breast three letters sparsely written e retrograde H A >l: the name of Arpi is missing in both e there is instead the guy who gets them assigned at the mint of Arpi. Searching now in city of Italy one who begins with these initials we are necessarily led to de- decide with the Duke of Luj-nes for Cliternia, not that of the Equi- hide, but yes of the Larinati (Plin. Ili, XVI, 4): Larinatium Cli- ternia, writes Pliny, and Mela {de situ orb. II, 4: Damages (hahent) Tifcrnum omnem, Ciiterniam, Larinum, Teanum, oppida, mon- anyway Garganuin. There are two the dynasts and magistrates who inscribe their name on the coin, Dazo and Leman. This second yes it is read badly so far on of one of the two coins that they bring it. The Minervini he believed that was written EihAAAN and judged for this reason that
112 APULTA T. xenoni the third letter was uu aspirated anclie in the other number where it is internally inscribed EIHMAN (op. oit. p. 79). But consists that where was received the alphabet Euclidean e but the rj e the or>, I spirit yes expressed with half of the letter I-: if therefore in the Apulian alphabet, that Minervini calls messapico, there is the h can't have equal value the whole H. But it's a fact that this one I- in the nummo not v' it's, like I myself have truth- iied pili times. Harps over time in that i Samnites they argued long ed bitter war against Koma, he decided to give himself to the Romans and succeeded them by a lot administering aid appropriately wheat, e this fin from 428. He also helped them with arms in 475 in the dis- terrible war against Pyrrhus fought near the walls of Ascoli Apulia. They were four thousand i infantrymen and four hundred i horses that she sent to the Roman army and they would take part in the day born field if not they were arrived too much late. Forced so a escape with the Eomans yeah, broken and defeated by the enemy, they thought to turn to Pyrrhus' camp which they took and gave to flames, which I won the battle to the Eomani, whereupon I then pass in proverb the osculara fight with which meant that the vanquished they win. It then happened that the fateful day of Cannae overtook the mind of the Arpanis and they lent an ear to Dazo Altinio "one of the two of them dynasts approaching the Oartagian part in .537 . nese that welcomed into their walls. But four years from then that Dazo same as he had them ducts to give the hand to the Paper- ginesi he addressed the people of Arpi a encourage egg the Eomani. Della qual versatility, him it was deservedly done pay the fio, standing that the Eomani took Arpi they sent him free custody in Calvi, as we learn from Livy (XXIV, 45). Xeni table. 1. In the Kircherian. Head of Ceres crowned of ears time a left: in front of APriANjClN, an ear of corn at the nape of my neck of wheat. R. Horse free that runs a left between the legs AAIOY, upstairs a star. 2, 3. (Avell. Opusc. Ili 1, 4). Head of Pallas covered of helmet decorated attic with a griffin time a d. R. Horse free that runs to left above APPA e between the legs of horse NilN. Such a number, where though the galley of Pallas not has ornate, is in the Luynes collection : the epigraph reads APPA and confirms the lesson of Avellino (loc. cit.) 4-6 Head of Pallas a left covered of aulopid with the crest turned to the left. R. (n. 4). Three ears opposite the stems and APPA; (n. 6) a single ear and APPA. 11 number of the ears yes believes expresses the value, and truly the coin with one ear weighs gr. 0.616; 0.51 in specimens of coli, of Santangelo and L. Sambon; but that of two ears near i the same weight gr. 2,104 ; 1.43 : and that of three ears ha gr. 2.053; 1.38. Nor then the three-piece Mommsen weighed he got that gr. 1.78; 1.83 equal to 40 and 41 grapes Neapolitans. I notice that a specimen with the head of Pallas and CEPT and reverse the Hercules with the APOA epigraph above and A below it was attributed to Heraclea by Poole (Catal. page 221 n. 24). It seems to me that in place of APOA either there written APPA. 7. Head of Apollo graduated once on the right R. Lira and around HAHQA. 8. Current brake horse to d. above A R. Eampino with big ring and others d. A 9-12. Head of Pallas covered with an Attic helmet adorned with a griffin turned to the right. in front of CEP; n. 10 APPCEPT; n. 11 CEPA..; n. 12 CEPTI. R. Hercules kneeling with club in d. suffocates the lion: in front of APPA e in field A; n. 11 in the field b maybe B; n. 12 APPA e in the To field as in n. 9. 13. In the Museum of Parma. Head of Pallas covered from helmet attic without ornamentation vault on the right. in front of CEPTIENa. R. Hercules standing that chokes the lion. The name CEP, CEPT, CEPTI joint without interval with the name of Arpi, what time before abandons APPCEPT now follows CEPA, there shows itself whole in co- heads last coin CEPTI EN A, where also yes omits Arpi's name on the obverse which should perhaps have been written in reversed on that part of the coin which for break missing. This Vt^rtiena of sure more approaches to Vertina of extreme Lucania towards Venosa of Puglia oh not Her- donia e dealing there is no reason for a confederation of want that le two city they are close. Herdonia was of- structured ed burned by Hannibal in the Second Punic War e i citizens mandates in Metaponto e in Thurio (Lev. XXVII, 1). 14. Head of Pallas covered with an Attic helmet adorned with a vaulted griffin a left, below to the chin there letter J normal e retrograde. R. Hercules kneeling with the club in right in progress since suffocate the lion: in the exergue (P)YAAOY. 15, 16. Luynes Collection. Head of Pallas covered with an Attic helmet time a d. that is (no. 15) a left. A. Restrained horse current to the right: above n. 14 KA; in n. 15 HA>I.
Missing the name of Arpi e vi reads Kl or KXì], whence it is born the opinion that these two coins they are stay issued from mint otherwise unknown of the rush CUternia. 17. Dalla my collection of one time (Minervini, Obs. page 78 n. 4 tab. I n. 9). Head of Pallas covered of aulopid crested facing right. R. Bunch of grapes and around APHANOY and XA initial of the magistrate. 11 Minervini printed S instead by AP, but I always have bed e transcribed this name like here without monogram. 18. Coli. Santangelo. (Minervini, Bull. arch. nap. 11, IX). Head of Apollo graduated once a left, in front APPEAR. R. Leone gradient to the right ; above the pentalpha ; in the APPANIiN exergue. 19. Museum of Vienna. (Avell. Opusc. II, Table V, 7; Minervini, Obs. page 78 tab. II 6, 7). Head of Diana turned to d. to nape of the bow and the quiver: in front YOU APPEARED. R. Lightning, below but above /V\AN that is EIH/V\AN, name of the magistrate. 11 Mi- nervani reads here how the Avellino H/QAAH13, and from seeing what text I- and H in front of a consonant deduces owing them give the value of a V. 20. Head of G-iove graduated turned to the left. in front AAIOY. R. Ci- nal that runs a right, over a vein, in the exergue APPANniM. 21. Head of Jupiter graduated once a left R. Horse free in race to right, under APPA. 10.23pm. Taurus clashing a right, between the legs PYAAO. R. Ca-
T. xenoni APULIA 113 current valley to the right: above APflA below NOY. him an example plare from my collection n. 21 vi yes reads between the legs of bull Dq and AYFATOY in reverse. SALAPIA Vitruvius states, that Salapia was founded from Diomedes, while others « he says » the estimate founded by Elpia of Kodi. He doesn't declares who yes the author of this news : but it is certainly it is not Strabene, who wrote (L.XIV e. 2, 10), . that the Eodians with those from Kos founded Etpiae in Daunia, and not since Elpia founded Salapia: sy Javrioig nsrà Krpcov (Bxiiaav) 'Elniag. Stephen of Byzantium recognizes an 'Elma founded come on Eodii, the whose patronymic it's 'EXmavóc, but of Salapia we are silent, perhaps because the Greeks say 'Elnlu or 'Elniag that itself city that the Apulians call it 2aXaTiia, ed he will be right the Coray that I have here amended ^alniag. Del rest the derivative Salapia's ethnic group is not Salpianus, yes ^aXamrog; we will therefore conclude that 'Elicla not it is Salapia. Set sail it was a general store of Arpi, though located on shores of the sea bro the Aufidus e one swamp; but the air no it was pestilent e though approximately the 547 i Salapini yes address serious to the Eomani asking from senate for half of I. Ostilio Tubolo to change their site. Ostilio obtained that if you bought it the soil a four miles of distance, where they transported le them homes. There provide furthermore of a good port digging a channel that posed the swamp in communication col sea (Vitruv. L. I, 4, where Lucio Ostilio is named Marco). This port it is from Lucan put to comparison for capacity with ports of Otranto, of Taranto e of Leuca (Phars. V, 377): iubel cunctas revo- dear rates, almost avius Bi/drus, antiquusque Taras, if- cretaque littor Leucae, almost recipit Salapina palus. You know- lapia he tapped coins of bronze, in which ones it is singular that omit sometimes your own name replacing you that of monetary magistrate. One of these it is Dazo of the same name a that Dasio, of which it is told (Lev. XXVI, 38 ; Val. Mas. Ili, 8, see 7) that in 544, holding it Hannibal's dominion induced from colleague Biasio a return Set sail to the Eomani he succeeded to put it back to Marcello with the five hundred Numidians that were there were placed by Hannibal in garrison. The deities that they had cult in Set sail they were Jupiter, Apollo and the Pa- lude become them port. The names of the magistrates are in no- minative as Trosantios, in others bronzes it reads Tro- dantios and also Trodantos, if not it is this one genitive from the shortened name Trodas. It seems to me that it is due to the genitive case assign Troadiu, in the dative Damaìre Dazeni, like Caisie Eoumentei and the ablative Vnuentod. This magistrate Caesia Burnente I placed it here because it takes place there instead of name of city, although i types they are rather ana- logos to those of the Azetini. In their alphabet the Salapini they use the alphabet Greek, but they have you in sob way figuratively the omega 4'. 22. Head of Jupiter laureate turned to the left. in front (l/lilHin)AAA?. the?. Cignale current a d., above willow branch: in the exergue TPilAA'OY. 23-25. Head youthful crowned of cane marshy time a d., in front ^AAAniN(ilN). fl. Free horse current on the right, between le DYAAOY legs, that is n. 24 TPn?ANTIO$ and above the horse a branch of salcio lemniscate: that is n. 25 yes omits the epigraph in straight e al reverse yes ha a star above the horse e between le his legs ^AAfl. 26, 27. Head youthful with hair smooth e long to the cervix with the ear sharp and two horns on the forehead time to d. there. Horse current a d. above a branch of salcio below TPil«(A)NTIO?, or TPOAANTIO^ and TPOAANTIOY (Coli. Sant. cf. Catal. 2047-48) or n. 27 TPfìAANTOS in the Vienna Museum. The Minervini holds the image of the obverse for that of the river Aufidus {Obs. page 411). 28, 29. The n. 28 is in the Vienna Museum. Going horse on the right, above (C)AAniNIlN. /?. Dolphin face a d. EAAMAIPE AAIE(NI) and a half moon time to left (cf Sambon, Re- cherches tab. XV, 18). The no. 29 which is in the Museum of London he adds in straight Balance and reverses le registrations in reverse placing upstairs of dolphin facing right. (E)AA/V\AIPE e of under AAIENi. 30. Money riveted onto a Pesto bronze, of which it remains the PAIS epigraph, a leftover of dolphin, and on reverse side of head of Neptune (see Table CXXI nos. 43, 44). Horse going in step a d. between the legs AK in mon. R. Del- until he swims to d. below OHHH. 31. In coUsection mine. Horse going of step a right (C)AAn(l)NilN. R. Dolphin swimming to the left. and ?A(AP1)NLAN. 32. In the Museum of Vienna. Horse pacing to the right. R. Del- until swim a left above VNV, below ENT^-A, perhaps Vnu entod, like AOMVAAQ on the other exemplary of the Museum of Berlin. 33. From a cast. Nella collection Hunter of University of Glasgow. Head of Pallas covered with a crested aulopid vault a d.
belt of an expert that no narrows the field to half of that of reverse. R. Lightning ed star, above KAI^IE under EOVAAENTHI. Al name of city that ha issued this bronze makes up for it the name of magistrate Cesia Eumente. Me I counted it among the coins of Salpi not knowing which mint it should be attributed to. The dialect is Apulian, the omission of the name of city, to which it is replaced the name of a magistrate, has examples in Arpi e Set sail. 34. Head youthful diademed time a d. behind one at the back of the neck cornucopia, in front ^AAAniNUN. R. Bird similar al parrot, face a d. standing above base, in one tall star, first PYAAO. 35. In the Museum of Vienna. Head of faun, or similar to it, with horns caprigne SuUa front ed ears sharp at the back of the neck the stick knotty e curved own gods shepherds, in front ^AAAPIINilN. R. Bird standing above basic aimed at d. in high it's a branch of marsh plant. 36-38. I no. 36 , 38 from casts , on the 37th it's in the my colL Del- up al straight e al reverse. The legend that al n. 36 it is SAAAPINilN: that of n. 37 is WVAPNil with le two first letters upside down, e vi they see each other al reverse four globules; that of n. 38 is NiHAA). The Cavedoni became
114 APULIA T. XCIV he gave that his suspicion was verified or dispelled, and it was, that "one of the two fish it was one set sail (Essay p. 16). I fish of coins I'm always from Salapia dolphins. CANUSIUM We know nothing else about Canosa except that it was said to have been founded by Diomedes and that it was a city very large and rich. One forgets it- honorable tion in the disaster of the Komani in Cannae (a. 438), why welcomed within its walls up to ten thousand survivors of the massacre and with they too the console, e yes remembers the rich woman with great praise matron named Busa who it was liberal with them of wheat e of clothes (Lev. XXII, 52) : Eos qui Canusium perfugerant mulier Apula nominations Busa genre will give ac divitiis, moenibusfatto tectisque to Canusinis accept us, wheat, dress, viaticum etiam iuvit: come here ei munificentia postea beautiful perfecto ab senatu honores habiti sunt (see Val. Max. IV, e. 8, 1). They were then i Canusini allies of the Eomani, e them they maintained themselves faithful in revolt of the Apulians of 437, e such yes they showed of then up to the social war; then that's what they did common cause with Italy lici. Canosa minted coins in two metals, but it wasn't in the first place recognized by numismatists e le he denied himself 1st offering of silver from Combe, that there read ZA instead by KA e he gave it to Zakynthos. The Sextini that vi he read KA lo correctly granted first to Canosa {Letter. II p. 35 Table II n. 17) then it began a doubt not if it were give rather to Cassope [Adcl. p. 584). The Magnau (T. IV tab. 18) e the Eckhel that vi it was induced daUa authority of Chaupy (1 , 191) le they attributed the bronze , in which straight it's one bare head youthful e on backhand a knight naked protected alone from the helmet e with spear lowered in act of attack the enemy ; of under KANYSlNii. Note theMillingen [Con- sid. page 152) assume that these types refer to Diomedes. The trient of Canosa variously printed from Avellino KAAY almost as if AY were the name of a magistrate, e by Fiorelli, which he found in straight one galley head {Obs. on top of coins rare Table II, 5 page 6 no. 10) instead of head of Hercules covered of the strip leonine it was from Minervini (p. 100) represented as seen on my table e vi ha joined the sextant with the epigraph the same one who confirmed it. About the obols of this city I respect that the trient and sextant are more- tough ounces of copper in which the Canusini have divided the mite silver. Table XCIV. 1, 2. Vase a two handles between a jug and a patera with a little globule in the middle e eight similar little globes around that him fans crown. R. Lira between two letters KA. In im my example plare there letter \f it is upside down. 3. Lira. R. Corona of laurel e in the middle KA. 4. Youthful head facing left. R. Knight armed with a lance who go at a gallop a right: of under KA/VY^INil 5. (Minerv. Obs. Table II n. 8). Head of Hercules young man covered of the skin of lion time to d. R. Clava between four glo- boletti e the epigraph KANY. 6. (Id. ib. IL 9). Head of Mercury col winged petasus facing right. R. Club between two little globes e the epigraph KANV. 7. Head of Jupiter laureate turned to d. R. Corona of laurel inside to which a club bro two o'clock letters KA. VENUSIA This colony merged from before his coinage then the coined. Della purr you see this oh I said about it in the descri- tion of Plate LXV, here I'll say of minted. I Venosiui they give the name of Num to the largest unit of the minted series mus, like the Apulian Theatines, but they beat of piti double nummo N. II, al what harm to type the bust of Hercules e the two Dioseori. In the nummo that it is uncial to place the head of Bacchus young crowned of ellera e on the reverse the whole figure of the god, who sits like this time next to a basket wicker resting the right foot to a stone and holding the thyrsus in the left, since with the right it raises a nice bunch pole of grapes. He it is dress of short tunic and has shoes ai feet. The quincunce has for like Jupiter and the eagle minister of lightning: then, omitting, as far as we know, the triente, It has a double dial ; double it is also the sextant, the first col type gods two dolphins al reverse, the second with that of the owl. Similar to this it is the exemplar brought to me by recent : it is reiterated, over a Brindisi sextant of which Serbian the note of semisse in straight e on the reverse the leg of Taranto which ride the dolphin, e the arm with food rietta that I crown. The ounce is double: they follow so two bronzes each with the guy of Mercury marked from one S to the other col type of owl that has as a note of value a i. These they seem to belong to two different systems, in which ones the S e the ? they are worth half of a everything; e maybe I would find a sextant of Venosa carrying a similar $ to that of winds described above (T. XCII n. 15). The last two bronzes, u.
21, 22, that yes they know, I am deprived of note go- lore. Beyond a these pieces i Venusini they coin also the sescuncia, or be the ounce and a half, that they score with a glo- betto followed from a S next door al which one they pose the mono- gram \f initial of them name, I that he has induced in Baron D'Ailly made a mistake reading © 5\E and gave this bronze, who calls ounce, a Suessa. 8. Bust of Hercules young with skin of lion and club in the d. supported to the humerus time to d. behind \E, before N. II. A. The two Beavers with the spears lower they run to the right: of under CAQ initials of the name of the magistrate. 9, 10. Head of Bacchus crowned with ivy turned to the right, behind W. R. Diademed Bacchus sitting with one foot resting on a stone having from near one cist, in ankle boots e short chiton, with the thyrsus lemniscate in the left, a bunch of grapes in the right. A four-petalled flower is affixed to the cist: on the right N. I. La head of Bacchus in n. 10 it is furthermore belt of dia- dema e on the reverse the cist it is woven with wicker. 11. Head of Jupiter laureate facing left. behind the fifth note cunce.' the?. Eagle above lightning and others siaistra \E. 12. Head of Jupiter graduated from left to right. behind the note of the qua-
T. XCIV APULIA 115 dranting. E. Three moons strides with within a star to each grouped together on the side convex. 13. Head of a diademed and veiled woman facing left, front \E, to nape the note of the dial. /?. Similar to the previous one number 12. 14. Head of Pallas with crested aulopid facing right. up there note from sextant. A. \£ between two dolphins suffocate. 15. Head of Pallas with aulopid crested time to left above the note of sextant. B. Owl on a branch of palm time to left: a d. \AND. 16. Kircherian. Bust of sun face of view with chlamys buckled on the chest. R. Moon growing with a star inside: below ©S (cf. CatoL Poole, page 152) sign of sesqui- ounce sesqrdobolus e \E. This coin wandered uncertain how others of this mint that for the legend \E yes at- they paid tribute to Velia. When Millingen published in 1841 le his Considerations, yes it was already agreed that they should some of them give yourself to Venosa on the proposal of Avellino e of Sestini, e Millingen on page. 241 gave you the his as- sense (cf. p. 93). However, he added that for some others there was however uncertainty not having another topic that the initial \E: actually one of they seemed to him rather than lapigia, where vi it was one city by name Veretum. Bro le coins not included by Carelli in his Description, where \E stands for Velia, there is one, which is found at his place arrived on Plate LXXXIX n. 16, ed this is ours. Sul drawing given to us you can see it completely omitted the previous little globe tooth le letters S\E. Avellino instead has you read an O, noting some first what of uncertainty (0/)m.sc. II, table. II n. 12) "OS. After everyone Baron D'Ailly did not other he read that S\f . The Sambon postponed the S, W • St {Rech. page 96) the day for semoncia bro le merged. 17. Bust of young Hercules with his remains of the lion and the club resting on the humerus right face a d., front the globe sign of the ounce. R. Lion grouped in act of tightening between the nails of the foot right hand spear and place it on the neck: front \E (cf. Imhcoff-BL Choix pi. VIII n. 253; mountains, gr. 1, 1 of gr. 3.30). 18. Head of bearded Hercules e surrounded by laiirea facing left. behind the club e below the neck boredom of the ounce. R. The reverse it's similar to the previous one n. 17. 19. Bust of Mercury with the chlamys fastened on the right humerus e with the petasus winged face a d. R. Shoe winged, caduceus, S sign of the semoncia and \f . 20. Owl on the branch of olive tree and \E. R. Protome of boar face a left and i sign of the semoncia. 21. Ox head placed in front e \E. R. Eagle protome time a right. 22. Crab e \E. R. Kana. EUBASTINI The Eubastines had originates from 'Pvnai of Achaia, they however they used a double patronymic, considering the "Fvìp degli Achivi e they rejected the derivative 'Pvjiaiog (Steph. Biz. s. v.), forming their own, 'Pv^aareìrog, which they deduced from a supposed 'Pv^darr/g, as the Hi/riatini that declares- rono descend from xm VgicxTr^g. They beat in the two metals copying for silver i types of Taranto, of Metaponto, of Canosa; However, they also have their own. The ones with the coins of bronze they match with types of reverse: because they pose the eagle with Jupiter, the club e the arch e the quiver with Hercules, the tv/jj nóXeoig with Pallas. This one mint was recognized from Magnan, a to which Eckhel also agreed {D. n. I, 142), although with some difficulty; piir easy mo- strossi the Sextini (Class, gen. II page 10 ed. pr.). Lorenzo Giustiniani had meanwhile written in Dision. geogr. T. VIII a. 1814 p. 8) , that « in private Ruvesi collections of cel. D. Domenico Cotugno e of the inhabitant D. Ciro Minervino they kept it and one ne had published the Miner- wine (Etym. of mount Vulture Table 3 n. 6) ». The epi- graphe PT, estimated by Mola (Encyclical Journal of Naples 1794 p. 82) name of magistrate it was right from Millingen explained by name of the people [Consid. p. 101). The mo- net ruvesi have others acronyms that I am names of magic- layers, there is the AA, that it is easy explain with the comparison of some where it reads AAIOY entirely : and it seems to me pro- babileche also ^1 believed by Avellino to be a city name 2CXov- lov and by Minervini suspected theme song of 2movg, Siponto (Obs. p. 110), be the name of a magistrate, in which I agree with the Se- stini, but I won't explain it to him 2Cix7tXrj^. We still read it in a third bronze fPoECoE, name of Apulian dialect maybe Gro. Evoe. Avellino in another copy read TPaCEaK. 23. Head of Pallas covered of aulopid decorated of a star. R. Spiga of wheat, cornucopia e PY. 24. Head of Pallas with helmet ornate attic of the monster Scylla turn right. R. Hercules on my knees that strangle the lion on the left ^1 right in other PY specimens released here : in the exergue AAIOY(Minervini, Bull. arch. nap. Ili, XU, 3.) 25.
Vase with two handles between a creatinol and a cornucopia, and le two letters AA. R. Lira and P.Y. 26. Head of the sun placed in perspective. A. Two opposite half moons ste above AA on the sides PY and two small globes. « Avellino, writes the Mommsen [H. de la go. I, 255) to suffisamment prouvé (in this beautiful dissertation : Epistle of silver Rubastino- nummo rum, Nap. 1844, in 4th) que the play des Ruba- stini au lype du the tele du soleil a élé frappée à the suite of an alliance between these cities, Alexandre roi d''Epire et Tarenle et par consequent vers Van 420 ». 27. Bucranium with victuals hanging from the neck. R. Winged lightning and PY. 28. Bucranium as in n. previous e above PY. R. lira. 29. Head of Jupiter laureate time a d. half moon in front. R. Eagle on lightning time a left a right half a file a left PYt. 30. Head of young Hercules graduated a d. R. Club, quiver, bow e above PY^ with half moon in crown of laiu'o. 31. Semi-bald and graduated bearded head facing right, around fPoECoE E. Woman with cornucopia in the left e patera in the right, behind PY. In others Avellino exemplary attests of have bed rPaCEoK; in such case ago as necessary consider that 15
116 ABULIA T.XCV rPoECo like case similar to flYAAO, that is read written equally by DYAAOY on coins of Set sail. The E e the K they will be case marker. 32. Head of Pallas with aiilopid crested time a d. R. Vit- tory standing with branch of palm in left e patera in the d. behind PVy. 33. I types they are the same ones of n. 32 but the epigraph it's PYBA. Tat. XCV. 1. Head of Pallas with aulopid crested time to d. above K R. Civetta above branch of olive tree and others left PYBASTEIN^N a d. A. Nel Zeitsclirift fiir Numism. t. VII, 1881, yes gives, notices aunt of one similar coin, in which right it is of above the head the HAATVA voice (cf. Bull. Arch. Instit. 1878, 7, 173 from coli. Jatta) e on the owl PY LAAilAwC, but a p. 357 it is state bed hOAAillOL, while in drawing it is instead KAAMOC. AZETIUM Although Pliny or his copyists may have omitted the Azetini, however I esteem Millingen well yes okay to recognize them in the Aegetini of this writer e in the V Ehetium of the Pentingeriana. Therefore excluding the Azeris vats of Attica, imagine yourself from the Froelioh motif, it seems, gods types penthouses (Eckhel D. n. v. I. 222), ed the happy Azanio of- Attica believed it author from Pellerin {Peupl. et villas, 1, 148) and from Proelich (Eckhel, loo. cit.), also why not if no can then deduce AIETINAN, let's hold on with Wal- chenaer {Mein. de the Acacl. des Register et fi. L. t. VII) that that H in Ehetium vi stay in place of I; mainly because, as Eckhel has already warned, in that card Vh is replaced several times at z [D.n.v. 1.149), reading Cyhico, for Cizico, .4/iotonfor Azoton. This Azetium is marked in the cited Pentingerian paper after the city of Caelium apula towards Polignano, which today we know was called Neapolis-.non can therefore to be confused with Strabene's JStjtiov (VI, 3, 7), that it was on the opposite side between Ceglie and Canosa. They have though wrong the Millingen that poses the NrjTÌi'ot among Ceglie and Neapolis {Consid. p. 148), e the Kramer in notes in Strabene, oh VElielium believes of the paper be the ISiqTiov of the geographer. 2. The same guy that in the previous one n. 1, but the owl col branch of lauro rests above a capital jonic: the law Genda then is AIETlNilN. 3. Eagle above lightning with open wings. R. Ear of corn and below AIETlNilN. 4. Shell. R. Delfino, above trident and framezzo A, downstairs al dolphin AIETl. BTTONTUM 5. Head of Pallas as le precedents of the nos. 1, 2. R. Spiga of wheat and legend BYTONTlNilN. 6. Shell. R. Young naked that ride im dolphin face a left e door in left one club, in the d. a vase to two handles; of under BYTONTINilN. 7. Owl on a branch of olive tree. R. Lightning to BYTONTINilN. BARIUM Two cities in the Lapigia were named Baris, the one that it was located at the extremes borders of the Salento and it was called ai times by Strabene with another name Ov&qìjtóv (VI, 281), and the Baris of lapigia which was first called Japyx. This is mail on the sea, but it takes for like Neptune and poses on the reverse a rostrum half-ship, on which stands a Cupidine in action to shoot a dart and corresponds to the Cupid of the coin gods Brezzii that standing on back of the hippocampus of Thetis lightning bolt. Think the Millingen (Consid. p. 149) that the ship baris alludes to the name Barium : but not it is like this. This name foreign to the Greek language is found used in Egypt and in Syria. The name Baris yes come on Siri to the palaces of large buildings with walls e towers like of castles, waves s. G-irolamo writes in PS. XXIV, 10 : Bdoig verbum est 'Etilxwqiov Pa- laestinae et usque hodie domus ex omni parte concludede et in mod aedificatae turrium et moenium publicorum BaQstg appellantur. In this sense its root it's m''^ ca- star, palace. Lo same name Bagic means in Egypt a boat woven of palm e of papyrus e his root is Coptic Bai Qi, i.e. what made of palm (Peyron, Leo. A- woe copticae, page 25). Then it can be deduced that the name baris not yes fits a large rostrum ship, but a river boat, which however it was put in by Propertius contra- place for contempt of Cleopatra's ships, where he wrote es- evenings it came almost above the rafts of the Nile which pushed gono forward with long poles ad chase le liburne ro- strate of the Eomans : Baridos et contis rostra liburna sequi. 8. Head of Jupiter laureate turned to the right. behind the neck two stars sign of value. R. Prow of a ship from which a hero shoots: around BAPINCON, of below at the bow a dolphin. 9. I types I am the same ones that in n. 8, but the sign of value it's one single star; missing on the reverse the dolphin and the legend is BAPINilN. V is notable the counter brand on face of Jupiter made by impression e thoroughly concave. 10. I types they are the same ones that in n. 9 but in place of two stars vi you see two little globes behind the head of Jupiter, rather of Neptune. 11.
Museum of Naples. I types they are the already mentioned; on the reverse it reads BAPl, e a d. /AND. 12-14. The type it is always I himself, that in n. 11, but in n. 12 vi yes you see also the rostrum tricuspid, e not like this low as in n. 11; in n. 13 glue epigraph BAPl is a U Latin of shape acute, which in another published copy from Minervini {Bull. arch. nap. VI, 111, 13) has a lunate shape, from the center of which starts a horizontal line € that appears to exist the same value of the U aforementioned, to indicate that is, one half. Compare the coins of Eoma in Lucerà (LXXXI, 6), of Brindisi (tab. XCVI, 27) e of Larino (tab. XC, 36)
T.XCV ABULIA 117 CAJELIUM That one city of Puglia that they say Ceglie of Bari it is nominated by Strato on the branch of the Appia from Brindisi go a Canosa passing through Egnatia and Netium (VI, 282). Nei codes though yes law K^h'cc a difference of coins which bear the inscription KaO.ia. After Strabene is the book De Co- loììiìs from which we learn that Vespasian sent his officers a limit le lands of Puglia e of Calabria; Vager Caelinus it is named for you between the Bitontino and the Genusino {De Col. page 262). Ceglie it is Mediterranean e vi yes go from Bari for four or five miles (Holsten. p. 276). « In his territory, writes the Giustiniani (Diction. t. Ili p. 419) yes they are dug many pieces of antiques e his necro- poles it is in the vast plain of Canneto small earth post bro Ceglie and Acquaviva". The dear Mr. cau.D. Carlo Ku- biai has me two times written giving me news gods vases that he found in his possessions of Canneto, and of the coins of Choose that he keeps in his collection, and I don't indicates i types quoting i numbers of table mine 15, 22, 25, 28. A few years now it was sold in Eoma una collection of coins from Bai'i and there were a good number of them of Ceglie with Euvo, Canosa and Bari and no we purchased in- together with Mr. G. Lovatti and me. The Sambon {Rech. p. 76) copy probably the MiUingen {Considèrat. 149), when he writes, that the just news historical that we have this Caelia it is in Diodorus, where he says in XIT book, C. 10, which was taken by Komani in the year. 312 av. G.C.: The seule notice historic qui nous en reste, he says the Millingen, est cella de sa prize par le Romaitis sous le dictateur Fabius dans the Sam wars nite u and 312 (Diod. Sic. lib. XIX e. 101). The Millin- gen e the Sambon they don't have wrong, only Fabio stands out it was dictator in 315 (n. e. 439), and that in 312 I it was Sulpicius Longus. But I judge that I historical Sicilian must reject oneself completely, compared with T. Livy: the lesson maybe arises from corruption of codes, which instead of Kuj.axiu of Campania they have Eeh'a, which is in Peucezia in Puglia. This country had already been entirely subjugated since 487, Apulia domita (Liv. IX, 20), and the Roman arms in 441 were times to fight the Samnites , that later the Roman disaster of Gaudio and the ignominious peace hoping for a movement in Capua, look away from the proposed undertaking of the U.A Puglia, they were returned back in the city of Gaudio, from then that from that side of Campania they occupied Pregelle, Nola ed others cities, among which Atina and Calatia are mentioned. PeteUio created dictator turned le weapons to recover Fregellae: this done e leaving her armed of strong garrison returned in Campania a repel the Samnites, as he did, or as others want consul C. Giunio, being he recalled to Rome for fig- drive the nail at the first hints of the plague, to whom Giunio also they attribute the taken of Atina e of Calatia: here captae decus Nolae ad consulem Irahunt adiiciunt Atinam et Calatiam ab eodera captas. Almost le themselves things matters Diodorus, if not that le poses happened below the dictator Q. Fabio and the codes they say that he took it by force Ceglie and Nola with his fortress : Ksh'av xcà np' JScolàvmv àxoÓTTohv i^STTof.lÓoxI^OS. Incorrect corrected quotation remains for me to remove from mind of mine readers doubt if truly these mo- nete belong to Celia of Peucezia and not rather to Ceglie of Calabria, that it's a second one city of such name a approximately twelve miles of distance from Brindisi, medium- still earthly it e where they say to have find acorns missiles with the legend KAl (iVof. degli excavations, 1878, p. 75, 76), and me attests the Mr. Nervegna to have purchased there one silver coin with the same KAl epigraph. By this city there is a alone writer that you name it, and these It's Pliny in that place in which list the cities of Calabria located on the sea Ionian with this order (III, 161) Lwpia, Bale- sium, Caelium, Brundisium. Excluding Chief Horse where the Mannert settled this Cae/ram, e Cellino, where the publisher bull Piedmontese of Pliny think that yes must place, we will say that it was where today it is the good populated Ceglie that yes distinguishes col nickname of Messapian or of Ceglie of Brindisi (Lor. Giustin. Dizion. Ili p. 418); but we will warn that the Cellar he mistakenly confused her with Ceglie of Bari numbering Caelium of this place bro the testimonies of Ceglie Barina (Geogr. I p. 715). To solve the question of mint if of Puglia e say Calabria us there we will enjoy of experience of shopkeepers certifying ourselves the Mr. Luigi Sambon, Recherches (p. 76), which the coins of Ceglie come daily from Puglia. We will quote also im sir of Acquaviva friend of Mr. can.
Eubini, who there writes have many in his collection coins of Ceglie purchased all in these countries of ours e I don't aim for Ceglie Messapica. Then it passes to name them there- tanding the numbers on my table, e they are: 36 correspondents ai no. 15 and 16 silver, 9 al n. 21, 6 at n. 28, 5 at n. 29, 4 al 30. Furthermore, they have some of mismatches for sim- boluses e signs others 19. So this only collector has some put together the not small sum of seventy-nine from oppose a the only one, that the Mr. Nervegna he says to have buy in Ceglie of Brindisi. Bimane therefore demonstrated that choleste coins I am of Ceglie of Puglia e not of Ceglie Messapian; e so truly yes it was fin now certificate by numismatists. This discussion around to mint of Ceglie of Bari mi it is was imposed by who longed to see determined the controversy. It could still be that the Ceglie of Brindisi have coined the own coin. Lo which we will accept when it will be demonstrated. 15, 16. Coli. Luynes. Head of Pallas with Attic helmet ornate of im flying griffin facing right. R. Hercules on his knees chokes the lion; behind of him it is the club: the epigraph n. 15 is KAl and in the initial Al exergue of magisti-ato ; in the n. 18 is just KAl. 17. CoU. Lauria (Minerv. Obs. table 12). Head of beef mass of elevation with infulles hanging from the windows: above KAl. R. Lira. 18, 19. From casts. Head youthful covered of conical helmet lau- acute crime on top with a sporting crest on top.
118 APULIA T.XCV R. Vase with two handles and around KAIAINON sojjra the mouth of vase IT. In n. 13 is missing IT e the epigraph is retrograde HOHIAIA>l. Cavedoni thinks that IT want be \TaXia, Minervini (Oss.n. 99) that it is Tiazi. The Duke of Luynes mo- tearing me apart the coin of the n. 15 oh he read continuously KAIAI said that for this epigraph it had secured itself in Ceglie the other one too (n. 18) where yes reads only KAI : but it's not like that, and other examples demonstrate that Al just like that IT it should not be joined with KAI. The Santangelo collection that has even two copies with this one Al (whispered, no. 1795, 69), n owns a third, where it reads Ilin (ib. 1797) and prove that, how I have I established, this Al, TI, I am initials of monetary magistrates. 20. Coli, Sambon (Minervini, Obs. t. IV, 13). Ox head with le finally or yes pending victories come on eorna. R. Vase to two handles and legend KAIAIN. 21-24. Head of Pallas with crested aulopid facing right. R. Trophy of weapons and a bolt of lightning next to it, and in n. 21 two stars, in n. 22 a only: the epigraph al reverse in both it is KAIAINilN. I have chosen these two numbers, where not they are adorned there how in other specimens, in which it is seen added to the helmet of Pallas a flying griffin and an insignia on the clypeus of the re- towards that in a mine exemplary n. 23 it's a Medusa, in other n. 24 it's a star; more is placed in the trophy even one of the stinieri. 11 symbol of the mint, which here is a ful- mines, varies, and it shows instead, for example, one club, a branch of palm. 25. Head similar to described n. 21 and two globes. R. Victoria tropeophora walking left in attitude of de- put offering a crown: in the exergue KAIAINilN. It's pro- babile that's the type of reverse, that it is in sextant not yes repeated usually in the ounce, as we see done of the trophy in the two numbers precedents. 26. Head of Pallas how al n. 23 and a globe sign of- the ounce. R. Eagle standing on lightning time a left above (KA)IAEINnN. 27. Head of Pallas time a d. how in the nos. precedents. A. Three half moons with inside each a small globe times from convex part and in the KlAAINilN intervals. It may well be that this number be a tricalco, e in this way yes explain in three globules e le three moons. 28. Head say Jupiter laureata time to d., on the vertex two globe- beds. R. Pallas armed of helmet, of shield e of spear that runs a left: around, KAIAINUN 29. Head similar to the previous one behind a K and a small globe. R. Pul- mino e KAIAINfì.N. In other example missing the globule e the letter K e vi it reads al reverse KAIAINCON. 30. Head of Pallas with aulopid as moles no. precedents. R. The two Diosoori running on horseback towards the right, in the KAIAI exergue. 31. Head of Pallas as the previous one but there is more above a globule. R. Herald standing with borzacchini on his feet, pallium on shoulders a pileus in chief in act to show face to yes- nistra a twig, next door KAI. 82. Similar head. /?. Araldo con ramoscello nella d. behind KAIAI- NOT to the left. lightning. This number given by mistake to Pe- telia was rightly so from Cavedoni (in Carell. tab. page 101 n. 17; e from Marineola (Opusc. di st. patria, Catanz. 1871 p. 139) granted a Ceglie. NBAPOLIS To Komanelli before anyone else it was added keep quiet in Polignano a new mint, which carried the old one name, Neapolis. Egli lo dedusse dalla provenienza delle mo- net, but volle confermarlo allegando un passo of Polybius {H. Ili, e. 108), in which nomination one xaCrrjv nóhv. II Bestini he appeared convinced of this, but not Avellino, who he observed {Op. 11, 50), that if Polybius wanted understand of a city called allora Neapolis non le avrebbe cambiato il nome sostituendo a NsÙTiohs the xcdvrj noXig. Gruari though it didn't happen that new excavations were carried out in Polignano out more coins with the name NEAPO [Bull. arch. nap. VI, 72), al qual done the Avellino yes surrendered. This one portrayed- tion escaped at Cavedoni, not remembering he (ad Carell. tab. pag. 39), che the sola opposizione fatta al Romanelli con le parole, obloquente Avellinio. Pu dunque bandita l'erronea attribution to Neapolis di Macedonia, la quale del resto it was bad fondata, non riscontrandosi the types and metal of Neapolis of Macedonia with the types, with the epigraph NEAP and with the me- thallus of that Neapolis of Puglia, that they are only bronze (Minervini, Om. pag. 107, 108). Polignano vanta nei tipi delle sue monete le fertili vigne e the fruitful fields : but it's necessary confess, that the cultivation of those land today both of tutto cambiata, stante che il vino non primeggia, e i campi sandy not they are great done to wheat: it instead abounds of olive trees.
They venerated Bacchus e Ceres, Diana cac- ciatrice e the Genius of the maritime city, to which they gave for teaches the trident as a lord of the sea, where now to- scanned in good copy le sardines.' 33. Mia coli. Head of bacchante crowned with cruet with flap of tunic around al neck turned to the right. behind it has a pointed thyrsus of spear, a d. NI. R. Grappolo of grapes with two leaves : of below NEA. 34. From Carelli (Tab. CI, 4). Mask of Bacchus crowned of vine leaves mass in prospect. R. Bunch of grapes with tendrils e above NEAP. 85. In the Museum of Naples. Head of Ceres crowned of ears e veiled vault a d. R. Spiga of wheat on which one it's im- near a caduceus in countermark and NEAP. A similar to this, but without countermark, was published from Minervini [Bull. arch. nap. III tab. VII! n. 10). 36. Mia collection. Head of Ceres with hair styled different from the previous one n. 34 crowned • of ears of wheat e veiled. R. Spiga of wheat and NEAPO. 37. In the Museum of Vienna. Head of Diana graduated time a d., at the back of the neck the quiver. R. Arco, quiver and NEAP. 38. (Milliugen, Suppl. II, 14). Head juvenile with crown me- tallica hemmed of gems once a d. R. Ferro of trident e NEAnOAI. Cavedoni (ad Carell. CI, 5) says that it is hair a shape of compound crown: coma in the upper vertex in co-
T. XCVI APULIA 119 ronae formam composite and mentions a head in a coin of Naples (Char. T. LXXII, 15), he says he has a similar hairstyle a this: that I don't him I grant, and neither that yes hair in the currency of Neapolis. The Poole (Catal. p. 142) there he sees a crowned woman's head; the Millingen a head individually adorned. I don't I see something else that one crown. In the numismatic journal {Zeitschr.fiir Nuinismatìk, VII, 1880 p. 2) is found described by Von Duhn as a novel Museum of Carlsruhe col dolphin al dr. e al reverse a NEADoA rudder GRUMBESTINI 39. Museum of Vienna. Head of woman with hair tied to nape. R. Horse that runs a d. and above TPY. He published it cata the Avellino {R. Mus. Borii. You. IV tab. XV n. 10). 40. Coli. Santangelo (Mmervini, Obs. T. VII n. U page 117). Juvenile head with hair diademed curls and vault to the right. R. Taurus that invests face a d. above rPY. The Minervini {Obs. 117) includes those who reported this coin to Gru- menlum and note not do more now difficulty give it ar- cheologists on homeland of these medals. But I don't I know explain to me as if on the highest and coldest mountains of Lu- dog if you like place the headquarters of this mint leaves induce doses a this from an imaginary etymological origin of fgv, almost like Egufiosig. The Minervini think that i types of bull clashing e of horse I confirm the conjecture that was colony of Turio: he just doesn't see having to follow absolutely the etymology proposed by Niehhur followed by Corcia, although it is not repugnant that f be changed to K. There is, however, also from consider that i Greeks they write Fqov- /.lavTor, not FQVfisvT.ov. Pliny (H. III, 11) ago mention of the Grumbestini in ancient Calabria, that is not a lot far, and on borders. There was Fqu and Pv there Mar and Km, which they similarly shorten their names. It can believe that from Grumo yes is derived Grumbestinus as from Euvo Rubastinus. Del I'm staying in another Lump it is in Puglia distant alone 12 miles from Bari, i which citizens, writes Giustiniani, they make an industry of cows, sheep and lies. To this Grumo the Carelli attributed the coins with the epigraph PPY: e i types of horses e of bulls not that the con- diction of the soil confirm such opinion. 41. Coli. Narvegna in Brindisi. Head of a woman turned on the left with pendants to ears and crowned with marsh reed. R. Taurus that invests aimed at left above TPY. SIDIUM 42. From a cast. Head of Jupiter facing right. R. Ercole standing standing with the club as a prop under the left armpit on which side hangs the lion's spoil, his right hand on his back like GUcone's Hercules that door the apples: so be it. ^lAINilN. There is a description of it in the Catal. of M. Britannico, where he con- servant the coin , which is printed here for the first time. These Sidini, whose site is unknown, are worthy of other things take the place given to Silvium, to explain that i\, which yes reads on some Euvo coins, almost initial of city confederate. I Sidini can believe yourself originated from Side, -iYesj del breast Boeotian (Pausan. Lacan. III. 22 n. 265), Another 2i'Yes] colony of the Comani was in Pamphylia and Des- Sippo places it in Lycia (fragm. ad calcem Josephi ed. Say- dot p. 15) the whose patronymic it is SiórjTrig. MATIOLUM 43. In coli, my (Millingen SijU. Ili, 5). Head of Pallas with helmet Corinthian time a d. : above two globules. R. Lion grouped aimed at d. with the paw left holds ima leaning spear on neck; a right MAT in mon. Lo same group of letters from some yes melts in NAT or in TMA, from others in MAT, and with they still opine I think that the T must be postponed as, for example, the O in the monogram ft of Kógxvoa. 44. Head of Pallas as in n. 41. R. Hercules rests his armpit scythe glue club e stay like this in rest having the right facing on your back like the Hercules of Glycon: left. W\AT in mon. 45. Head like the aforementioned n. 42. R. Cornucopia and MAT in mon. GKAXA Table XCVI. If we search which one locality approaches the sound of this one ancient Graxa, Grassano offers us in distant Basilicata land eighteen miles from Matera : but the coins with the legend Tqa they are found in good numbers in contours of Pasano e in his territory : I I saw them come out out to the first blows of the hoe near S. M. of Agnazzo. Not believe it for- so much so that Gra yes equivalent a Gnatliia, or, how writes Amazing 'Eyvaria. This one city yes he called one time Gnathia, i his citizens Gnathini, as we have learned from epigraph of one of his caduceus inscribed TNAGlNilN. Nor can say that of then it changed its name, because at the time of Horace it was said however Gnatliia. The distance of S.M.
of Agnazzo da Pasano is approximately four miles in ed I I believe that in Pasano the ancient seat must be sought gods Graxani, from since in one of its coins in place of the broken fPA TPAHA was read. Let the Crastus of lapigia therefore give way, and the Graia urbs a which later the Millingen (Recueil, p. 19; Consid.^. 146, 148) wanted to attribute the Gra of the no- stre coins ; notable error, almost as if it were the name of a city the name of Greek, which Mela gives to Gallipoli (11, 4): urbs graia CallipoUs. This Graxa was in Peucezia which began once upon a time from the borders of Brindisi, and it was called terra dei Salento, where Pliny allocate the Egnatia Salento (//. No. II, 140) : In Salento I oppidum Egnatia. 1. Lightning, above one star, under FRA. R. Conchiglia. 2. (Minerv. Bull. ardi. nay. II, IX; Obs. page 102). Head young vanity that par covered of pileus graduate time a d. R. two eagles instants e times a d. in the TPASA exercise
120 APULIA, CALABEIA T. XCVI 3. In my collection. Head youthful graduated. A. Two eagles instants above lightning, of under fPA e three globes. 4, 5. Head of Jupiter graduated time to d. the?. Two eagles instants above lightning, under fPA e countermark -X- between two glotets. In other exemplary n. 5 which is in my collection the countermark has two parallel lines -^^ in place of the -X- Goteste lines parallel seems to mean two fives e like this the figure it will be equivalent to the X oh note le ten ounces. 6. Head d. Jupiter graduated time a d. below three giobettini. A. An eagle above lightning e of under FPA. 7. Head similar of Jupiter, behind three stars, signs of dial. R. Eagle above lightning time a d. in front KPH, below FPA (Minervini, Bull. ardi. nap. II, IX, 11). 8. 9. Eagle ad wings open above a lightning bolt, in front a d. one half moon with small little globe, under FPA. R. Conchi- daughter. In im mine exemplary n. 9 it is imprinted on it a circle counter-branded. 10. Eagle this time to the right. behind FPA, in front a star. R. Con- keel (Minervini, 1. cit. n. 13). 11. Eagle e above FPA. R. Conchiglia. 12. Dolphin above one series of giobettini that decrease gradually dated of volume, under FPA. R. Conchiglia. STT 13. Eagle ad wings open, above lightning, below ^TY. R. Con- keel. This coin came from the Hunter in Sti/ra in Euboea, but the Eckhel he recognized the style of the coins of Magna Greece (D.n.v. 11 page 325). ORBA The foundation of Orra by Herodotus is attributed to Cre- theses that had accompanied Minos in Sicily. Amazing it shows doubtful if of this one city, that he call OvQi'a and Herodotus 'F^h'k, should be understood or of Ovsqi]- rov, Vert'tum. But another tradition had aroused a treu- tasette years now I'm proposing the Mommsen a text of Varro which he narrated of a founded Orra come on Locrians. The false lesson of which currency it will be demonstrated in ta- fly CXXV, n. 9, where we will hold of badly read coins and badly attributed. Suffice it to say for now that Varrons' text with such pomp attached from Mommsen on trial of an Orra founded come on Locrosis erasi already attached by Romanelli, where also tense to prove that these people of Orra erased by Livy pointed out under name of Uritae (L. XLIF, 48). But I'm wrong it is manifest. These are lent ships to the Romans, one trireme come on Regini, two by the Locrians ; Now he would have some dates four, not being maritime city, nor having a port naval on the sea. That text by Livy where we read that the Romans give it Urites they had four triremes must amend give yourself ab Siritibus. I am i Siritae him inhabitants of the ancient Siri become for work gods Tarantini emporium e naval of the Herakleesis fin from the LXXXIV Olympiad: Ab Siritibus quatuor (triremibus) acceptis, praeter oram Italiae super- veclus Calabriae extremum proinontoriwm. Where also yes note that we are talking about a people settled in the swell taran- vat, because it was encountered before passing the head of Leuca, that is, the extreme promontory of Calabria ancient. The Orrani venerated in the highest degree the hero founder, Mars, Venus e Hercules. They minted the bronze with own types in four series; in the first they show that they have had one certain commonality in shape with the helmets of the Coglie of Bari, which are sharp at the top and place the crest on that tip. In the second series the major unit is missing: you just have it half and the dial : we only have the third the fifth cunoe e the triente: of fourth we equally possess the quincunce, then missing the trient e yes it has the quadrant and the sextant. The character constantly used by them yes it is the Messapian. 14. Juvenile head covered of pileus conical with small crest almost bow on top, behind OA. R. Eagle above lightning e in high ORRA. 15, 16. Head similar to the previous one, under the neck AA. R. Eagle about lightning: above OR: in n. 16 it changes the name of magistrate that it is E/V\. 17, 18. I types I am him themselves, only in n. 18 the eagle turns a right it is repellent a left. This one series does not carry no note of value, if not that the legend is OR, pro- probably ad indicate half of the whole. 19, 20. Head of Hercules young covered of bare of lion time a d. below al neck ?" not warned from Gorelli (pl. CXVI, 14). R. Lightning, above ORRA, below some lightning FOR. The n. 19 weighs gr. 9, 5 ; the n. 20 gr. 4. 21, 22. Head youthful with helmet ornate of three do them e of one pen: under the AR neck. R. Eagle on the lightning bolt facing right. in front of ORRA, of below al n. 22 five globoletti note del quicunce, al n. 28 four globules note of trient. The n. 21 weighs gr. 10.7; on the 22nd gr. 5.9, there is also the sextant of weight of gr. 3,4. 28-25. Head of a woman graduate d. with spear a left R.
Erote winged walking a right playing the lira: behind five small globules, in front of ORRA. It weighs gr. 5.4. The type of two qua- dranti it's just the same the erote carries in his hand the basket: the n. 24 hectares weighing g. 4.7 ; the no. 35 gr. 3,4. The trient does not has been seen so far. What the Carelli (Descr. 17) gave for trient col type of Cupid who carries a torch, ed is accepted by Mommsen {H. de l. m. t. III page 386), must be im state quicunce, if the Cupid held instead in hand the lyre, how he judged the Avellino, or a qua- dranting, if he had a basket. It's good to note descriptions here of data types from Mommsen {II. de the mon. III page 365, 366). The head youth of nos. 21, 22 it is said lete de Pal- las. That one of Venus no. 23-25 yes he says tele d^un jeune homme couronne, e the basket n. 25 you take it for a ban- deleite. Finally in n. 19 the skin of lion tied to throat of Hercules you take it for a lightning e yes certifies that missing the sequel of value: tete sur un foudre sans indication de value.
T. XCVI APULIA, CALABRIA 121 26. Head of a woman similar at precedents. R. Dove flying wearing a crown seize claws ; of below two globules. Not the ounce yes it is so far view. BRUNDISIUM The they were not ancient agree on origin of Briudisi. Some said that it was a colony of Cretans from Guosso in Italy by Theseus. Others said that lapige son of De- give it e of one Cretan he had it populated with Cretans came with in Sicily for avenge death of Minos, writes Herodotus (VII, 170), or to search Glaucus, as expected this University (XII, e. 5). Not therefore lapige was held for founder why the first Cretans they were there left for Bottièa, and new followers of lapige they were arrived (Strab. VI, 282). Another one tradition it is reported by Justin (XII, 2), second which the foundation of Brindisi must refer to Aetolian followers of famous Diomedes: Eral urbs Apulis Brundisium, quam Aetoli seculi lune oh famam rerum in Troy yestarurii clarissimum ac nobilissimum ducem God- same condiderunt. But it was said together that these they were states of then chased away by the Apulians. I Brindisini were governed by a king at that time, in which one Phalanto seize Spartans conquered a lot part of them territory. This not despite I they welcomed when it was sent out of Taranto, and, dead, they honored him with splen- dida burial. Then they became Roman colony lo they chose to type of their coins, almost a national hero, appearing on the dolphin, like the nearby Dalctium. Those that they believe oh the coinage of colonies followed the weight e the legal reduction of old Rome they won't be able to never explain how afterwards the 510 i Brindisi they beat a coin the whose major unit, it is of about twenty grams, while carrying the note of sextant, lo that supposes a axis of four and more ounces. We estimate that the globes in these bronzes are not G- lots of signs of ounces local, but also others systems, i.e that i Brindisini followed together your system e that of region close. But let's not reject as er- roneo ed impossible the piece of weight of four grams noticed of four globes e together of the note of sewis, why we interpret i four globes for four unit equivalent to half of weight of other system, meant with the other figure S. Those who want to retain the globes for sign of ounces must also accept that the colony does not have followed by Rome in value of pound, and how much al piece n. 38 we will hear how they will explain what four little globes are half of a everything, or both of a sextant, or of other unit major that we don't know. They will still have to support black that Brindisi continued to mint its bronze after war italic on the system of 66-5, i.e of Pa- pyria for which the axis it was legally reduced to semoncial. Venous again it colony Roman coined a bronze of weight of grams 7.60 with the note of the S, when Brin- disi imprinted it from his like, noticing you the note of two glo- betti yes of sextant. 27. Vittorietta with palm lemniscata e crown time a d. there. Dolphin face a left under BRVN, above L-, sign of half. It weighs gr. 1.18. 28. Coli. Saint. {Calai. 2224; Avellino Op. 11, V, 11). Shell. R. Delfino e below a trident and BRVN. Missing every sign of value. 29. (Carelli, plate CXX n. 8). Head of Nettuno graduated once again d. under two globes note of diobolo. /?. Naked genius a horse of dolphin with zither in the left e bring a vase a two handles in the d., under BRVN e the note of sextant repeated. 30. (Car. ib. n. 6). The types are the same ones only sympathized with you boluses e signs that vary in each series, of which ones yes they only give essays here. In the ounce I give here at n. 30 Neptune it is crowned from one Victory suspended flying e the genius door in left a cornucopia e in the d. the Vitto- rietta that rises on wings to crown him. In the field on the right it's a club. 31. (Carelli, tab. CXX n. 4). The head of Neptune always graduated, but not it is crowned by Victory, in that instead there is here the trident. Al reverse the type it is the same of the two previous issues: of below al dolphin vi yes law the epi- graphe BRVN, but the note of value, believed from Carelli es- evenings that of the semisse, is half of a whole, which perhaps it was a mite, maybe it was a mess. The piece of facts weighs gr. 4.03 while the ounce n. It weighs 30 gr. 9.70. 32. In the Kirch. Head of Neptune a d. crowned from Victory: of below the note from sextant. R. Naked young man who ride the dolphin carrying the lira in the left e the Victoria that I crown with d., of below it is the sextant note e the epigraph BRVN : above the dolphin a Greek name in monogram NAr, APN. This sextant presupposes a first reduction of the sextant, when not yes it was still coined the trienle e the dial. 33. (Carelli, ib. n.
14). To the head of Neptune crowned from Victoria yes you see added the triente: of below there is the note of trient. R. Naked young man riding the carrying dolphin the zither in the left and Victory crowning him on the right, below BRVN e the note of trient. It weighs gr. 8.6 34. In the Kirch. Missing in straight Victory and the trident: the type of reverse not differs from the previous one : the note is on two faces that of the dial. 35. In the Kirch. The type on both sides it is the same here though vi you can see it on straight addition the Victoria what a crown: the its weight it is of gr. 4.3: and yet it demonstrates one series of this reduction, where this number it was the dial. I trienti e the dials yes they began a coin in Brindisi first of the third reduction. In this one reduction, in which the trient is of weight of 4.30 grams the mint issued again the semis of weight of grams 7.60. I have some here in front of a example reiterated by the Venosini for sextant or by value of two globes. Bring in straight the head of Pallas e al reverse the owl, the S digit it's fine preserved with al reverse the victory on right of genius rider the dolphin.
122 APULIA, CALABKIA T. XCVII 36. (Carelli, ib. 7). Neptune of this ounce it is crowned by Victoria, and has a left the trident and below the neck the note from value. The reverse it is similar to the previous one, but the note is from- the ounce: weighs gr. 1.7. 87. (Car. ib. 2). This number I differ from the previous one in this that the young man on the reverse does not carry the lyre, but in its place one patera. Missing the note of value, but the weight it is of gr. 1.33. 38. (Car. ib. n. 30). This triente with the same types as the triente n. 33 ha though half the weight, i.e gr. 4.9. Vi it reads furthermore a left of reverse MA name of mints, e on tail of dolphin the note S indicating semis. It is therefore one of those gods who are seen provided of double note and will have to, say that in a system it was calculated by trient and elsewhere for half, of a everything, maybe a mite, or none other weight, that we ignore. 39. (Car. ib. 23). Head of Neptune graduated e crowned from Victoria : behind the neck the trident, below the neck the note of semisse. R. Naked young man resounding the zither brought by a dolphin on the right. e crowned from Victoria: of under BRVN, a left ARR, a d. the note of semisse. In this era I am frequent the names of monetary magistrates. BALBTIUM Table XCVII. He doesn't have much that yes it is discovery this new one mint in silver coins with the epigraph k.l\®M9r\ , and were published cated by the Duke de Luynes [Bull. burn. nap. I p. 169), that the at- paid tribute to the Valetìum of Mela, the Balesiwn of Pliuio (III, 16), who some have amended the^e*mm, and it is called 'Alriria da Stra- well (VI, 282), Valentia in the Jerusalem itinerary (609). The Minervini he turned instead to Àletium called Balelium in the Peutingeriana. But the Foie*ÌM'm of Luynes is to be sought near the river Pactius, bro Brundisiurn. and Lupine, where did it come from? gono the two examples he now owns the Nervegii;; ; VAle- tium Baletium of Minervini it is from shore of the sea ad west lolla, peninsula hydruntin; Bah-jdag it is contract ed has a B in front that takes the place of the F ; removed which tell me remains Aletium. They would therefore be two ^ieiwtm in the p-e- nisola ; but already the Cluverio p. 1351 showed that in place of the second Aletium it's necessary read Saltentium, city, Mediterranean dei Sallentini to the west of Messapia bro Neretum. today Nardo, and Uhintmn the modern Ug?nto : the Ba- letium rather Baldhium is synonymous with Falethium. Co- Faletini texts they take the name by the hero that ride the dolphin, yes he Taras that is Folanllm.i. 1. Coli. Nervegna. Taranto a i.avullo of dolphin face a d., of under a small dolphin e the epigraph iR®BAR1. R. Half moon dolphin volts(> » fin., e. in center a globe with le letters 3h: around the same legend only changed a lot the dam =1 in B: if^®3Afì8. 2. Coli. Luynes (Minervini, Bull. burn. nap. VII, II, 3). Similar al n. previous, too in the E placed outside of tour axis- gnalo at others letters. 3. Coli, Luynes (Miuerv. 1. oit. VIII, II, 4), now if he has one second exemplary in the coli. Nervegna. Dolphin facing right. e the epigraph around i/ The) :Hi/drun- tu decem ac novem niillia paasuum ad discrimen .sources et Adriatic sea, here in Graeciam hrevisHnm,^ tranquil situs. When Millingen wrote the Considératinns non yes Carelli's plates were printed. He awaits the description gods types read in the Desoriptio he suspected than a coin of Alexander with NAPO survivor yes was transformed in YAPO (p. 122). Or the coin from me engraved, in first place, it is in Museum of Vienna, e he says clearly YAP. Stephen Byzantine in this article of VSQoiJg it is evident fearfully maimed. The text he says : 'yS(>ovg (pqovoiov àqqsvixwg- tò f&vixóv 'YSgovvTiog cog 2sXivovvTiog. fa%ì xal nokig 'haXiag. to i&vtxóv 'YSgovffceìog xal 'YSQOvfftog. The Meineke points out indeed one gap, but places it between qgovqmr and A^ae- vixwg. That seems like a gap to me there should be, but not there, where not ce it isn't need. Why 'YSgoimog not can being ethnic of 'YSgovg, to which also it already was assigned 'YSgoiivTwg. Ago so as necessary remember that Stephen has written under the heading "Axga that this city for some was Sino- nima di 'YSgov
T. XCVII CALABEIA 123 make up for like this: aatt xcà nóhg ^haXiag 'Ydqovaa : so him yes poti'ìi follow up the ethnic which derives from it: xà èdvtxòv 'ySQovaceìog xcà Y^Qotaiog. Stefono then poses. for sino- nimo deir«xo« 'IccTTvyia a city T(fgofio'a, and holds ^YSqoìk for \m castle, (fgovQior. Here the step as you must read gere: 'yàQoì'g tpQOVQior àgaerixàg; ro idrixòr "^yiQovvnog adj ^sXirovìTiog. ìari Yes xii 'ì'Qàovffa nóXig 'Itah'ag, ro i&nxor 'VSgovacùog xcà ^YSqovaiog. Not stop that the mo- neta of Otranto yes unknown in the earth of Otranto , where the Nervegna who there it does more years collecting coins e resides in Brindisi certifies that not he has it in his copiousness medal table. 4 Museum of Vienna. Head of Hercules defense from the strip of lion a left R. Arco, quiver, club, bro the arch e the his rope vi it reads clear the YAP epigraph. A bronze similar it was described from "Wehl (Calai, of coli. Welzl de Wel- Lenheim, Vienne, 1844 al n. 580), though vi it is supplied in half the letter A. 5. (Carelli, t. CXXII, 3). Shell B. similar to the previous one with le themselves three letters YAP OXENTUM The the city which is now called Ugento was already called by the Latins 0::a, from the Greeks 'O^cig, whose fourth case òiccevra dia' per ana- drome Ozentum as IIv'§àg die' Buxentum. This name in the table of Peutinger it is transcribed Uhintum, in To- lomeo OvSsrToi; in coins AOIEN(ir[i'Mi'). The moderns they follow Ptolemy e they write Vxentum, but the Messapians the say Aótevxov, if pui-e this element I did not yet have that the value of Greek ^T. Pliny treating of city of this peninsula extends in a step corrected by the Harduino on the mss. writes Senum, (al. Saenum) Callipolis, quae nunc Anxa. E if this it is, it wants say that nor times of Pliny Cal- lipoli was called Anxa. But there must be a mistake between marriage, because Callipolis ohh however it's called with this name, Gallipoli, he can't believe that at the time of Pliny yes called Anxa. I imagine that that ina;» yes I have to amend Aoxa and I read: Aoxa quae nunc Oxenlum, Graia urbs Callipolis: This is how she will have found herself its headquarters to that very unknown Senum or Saenum, assuming it to be in place of Oxenlum. 6, 7. Head of Pallas with helmet Corinthian crested facing right. R. Young Hercules while leaning to the club with cornu- copy e leonine skin in left I types they are similar but in bronze n. 6 reads AOIEN, in n. 7 AO (cf. Milling. Swppl. pi. 11, 29). Sometimes the line it spills you of the A it is omitted, as in the two numbers following. 8, 9. Eagle on lightning a right. R. Two-handled vase e in the bottom right and a left two stars (Mill. Suppl. 11, 10). In n. 9 the epigi-aphe it is retrograde AO e it's on the right, the two stars are missing. The Avellino no gave imo without epigraph {Bull. T. Vni n. 13). 10. In my community. Head of Pallas like that of n. 8. R. Civetta in prospect and on the right OI 11. Head of Pallas as al n. 8. R. Young Hercules with his wife daughter of lion wrapped around the left arm and in place of support lie down with the club in his right hand; around OIANTlNfliN and at Ercole ZH, name of a magistrate, perhaps Zi^vóSoùQog. 12. Beardless two-faced covered of galley with plume to cre- is. R. Hercules standing with cornucopia e bare of lion in the left, club in right, on which side a Vitto- rietta flying crowns it: a right OIAN 13. Head of Pallas with helmet Corinthian ornate of a snake time to d. in front of one spear. R. Bearded Hercules with cor- nucopia e bare of lion in the left club in right: a left an S note of the semisse and a branch, a d. Wow so not OIAN TAEENTUM The barbarians descended from lapige son of Daedalus led serious in Italy a colony of Cretans at the time of Minos II, e the city from them built to the river near they called Taras in honor of a hero, he says Amazing (VI. 2,2), of that name. This hero adds Pausauia (X e. 10) cre- devasi son of Neptune e of ima nymph local: Taqavza tv ìjgooa Iloasidtòvóg (fcccfi xcà imywqiag vviiBcpr^g naXSa elvcti, ànò Sh zoì iJQCoog xe&rjvai rà àvójiara ry nòXsi ts xcà TCj) TTorafif^ • xccXsXtcii ycco órj Tdqag xarà rà will have zy nólsi xaì oh 7T0Tai.ióg. The mother nymph of Taranto calls- vases Satire, writes Celio {Hisl. L. V ap. Schol. Leijd. ad Virg. Georg. II v. 197), which name le it was common col place that lived said Satyrius (Steph. Byz. s. v.) : ^azv- Qiov, yaqu 7th]aiov TaQavtog. He later came to these lands first colony of Spartans from the little one city of Amycles cele- short hair cult of Apollo nicknamed Hyacinth. This colony it was led by Palante Amicleo to which the oracle of Delphos had sent to say for the messengers of the Epeunau- tae, that they didn't go to live le lands located between Sidon e Corinth, but instead those of Satyrius e of Taranto, where the waves were wet the tragus (Diodor, fragm. L, VIII n. 16 ed. Never.).
2ccTVQiov (fQci^ov Tccqavxóg ts àyXaóv vooìq, Kal Xijxévtt ^xaióv, xcà ortov TQÓyog àXjXvqòv ol'àjxa 'Afiipayana ikyyiùv axQov noXioTo ysvEtov, "Evdoc Tdqavca noiov sui 2atvQiov ^s^ccóòra. This tQciyog had to be understood be the said little plant from us salsola. Which meaning is obscure it was then the god said to Palante: I I gave you to live Sati- Rio and Taranto, rich people, and you will do damage to the Iapigi. Le words of the oracle omitted by Pausauia they are read in Stra- good (VI, 279): ^arvQióv 101 dwxa Tàvavcàrs mova drjfiov oìxfjcome on, xcà Tcrjjia 'lanvyaaai ysvs'a&ai Having placed themselves at sea with Amycle's Partenii, he sailed towards the gulf of Crissa, pushed by the wind; but it was shipwrecked and it was a prodigy that yes saved , taken in back from a dolphin that con- 16
124 CALABEIA T. XCVII dusse at the port (Paus e. IS). Phalanto resumed the sea finally reached the beach of salsole, fought and won there i Iapygi barbarians and took over Taranto, the largest and the most rich of how many barbaric or both non-Hellenic city they lived on the sea (Paus. : Tàgarza tcòv ^ao^d- Q(ov ilXe nsyi'OTi.v xal £v6aij.iov&aT(ÌTip' Tcòv ini fromXocaOij nólscov. Won e kicked out i Iapigi the Spartans of Amycles they had to fight the Messapians e the Peucetii united in league with Iapigi. Come out here again victorious they sent donate to Delphos recognized them. They were these for the first undertaking bronze horses and captive Messapian women (Paus. but for the second against i Peucetii, that they were states help yourself from Opi king gods Iapigi, they did a great job a two sculptors Oneta of Aegina e Caneto. These they did the King Opi dead stretched out in land near of which they posed the hero Taranto, I Spartan Palante e not far from him the dolphin that I had saved (Paus. 13): ot day aimf xsiHév(-) i(f£atrjxÓT£g oh riQiag Tàgag, iati «al HE KA- PYKEION AnOAAUNIOS IHPAKAHTA: HE (name of tribe), coat of arms caduceus, name ApoUonius Heracletes etc. But this consideration could be worth if le acronyms gods names were together united with certain addiction e not separate e scattered for the fields of straight e of reverse. The coinage of Taranto can be distributed into three eras: the first archaic with types gods founders of city ; the if- conda in which the type of the people of Taranto, SijfjLog, dominates, the third in which the equestrian militia stands out, while on the images of the cult are represented in gold. The brothers tions lower than the diadram e the bronze coin they bring these ed others particularity of city e of the countryside. The Eomaui led a colony in Taranto city in 631 federated , and this colony it was , how it was said then, with- tax (Plin. Ili n. 99), or yes attributed e assigned of so as to compose a single city, which they named Nepl/u- nia Tarentum. The first coins of the Tarantini belong to an era of transition, as it becomes obvious from the promiscuous use of two alphabets, the archaic in which the letter 3 is with there i, ed the most recent where is found the 1 e the ?. I Taranto people call vóf-wg, lex, that is voìi/.i^uog the ma- unit days of silver : this from the beginning had of weight grams eight, in more recent times seven and also you are. The half of i'ó,«oj instead of the note value is recognized at half a hippocampus, what of it the type and that it is seen whole in rói.iog predicted. Every means vóiiog is divided in four parts oh they say obols, every offering has below of self ten
T. XCVII CALABRIA 125 wow iufororiori, that they say ounces : the vòftog therefore applies eighty ounces. We know that in Syracuse the largest unit it was divided doubly; there was VhcinUUrion and the pentoncion, e wants he said that there was a double system, that of the litra e that of the obols: each litre was divided in twelve parts and each offering in ten: half, of litre with- was of six parts e it was said hemilitrion e the half of- the mite consisted of five parts which they were called ounces e his name it was pentoncion. Everything we have this from Aristotle, the which he also names the lower broken ones, but not the tetranal which however we learned from Hesychius: they are therefore that- These are their names and signs: rsTgàg :: TQ(àg .-. sSàg {^i'ìdrTiof ):, and òyxi'a the litre is calculated at gr. 0.87, the offering to gr. 0.73. A know the value of these broken ago must be looked after give i globes which are the notes: and yet i\ jjentoncion ha five globetti, Vhemilitrion it has you are. This is it safe : how much to the weight not it's from trust it, varying in the manner that doesn't yes you can sometimes be certain if one coin yes liter od offering. But I maintain that there is no evidence so- care of the Taranto litra wanted by Mommsen, up to that point whether it is a hemilitrion or whether it is a six coin noted little globes, like is found, e yes it is found the pentoncion. The Taranto coin or yes the brambles are silver or of gold yes divides equally. The masafiore unit u^uagrlia the of- penthouse drama gr. 8.73 its half, or dram, has gr. 4.34: then the tetrobulum gr. 2.91, the triobule gr, 2.18, the diobolo gr. 1.46, the mite gr. 0.73. The first coins retain the image gine of Satyra, local nymph, and of Taranto or Palante on the del- until: then the Apollo of starch nicknamed Hyacinth. A these who can be called founders or yaiarcd happens the SfjHog now old or young not without ima allusion to new shape of government : the distaff of wool and the crater of wine they mean i brag products of the soil tarantino. It's still a clue of a new form of government on Friday dere changed the guy of (fj;,«os, in that of militia equestrian. We knew from Eliano (Shut up. 43) and from Suida (s. v. ÌTziziy.r-), which were double the weapons of the Taranto knights, the shield e the spear, and two or rather three the ways of com- beat. There they were gods knights armed of auctions e of shield (pl. of the shield, as Hermann observes (Aesch. VII ad Theb. V. 605 p. 321. Lips. 1852). There were those who carried only the auction, and these were properly called dooavoffÓQoi, attacking the enemy and fighting from close. Other holders vain only javelins from throw: ol 'xh-, he says Suida, dooaTiov xoòivTui, oì xaJ.ovyruL Taouvrìvoi (ib. 18): these they fought from afar or they called each other dy-go^oAtozcd; e when they were at horse they said InnaxovTWzaC, writes the nicknamed Suida, ot éè fióvov àxovTi^ovaiv, slg ystqag Self ToTg no),six[oig ovf_ ioyovxai, y.al y.aXovOiv iTrnccy.ovTi- avcd. These people exactly yes they called tarantini, ló((og TccqurvTivoi. There they were furthermore of those that they carried two javelins that they threw from afar ; but they came from nearby they started fighting with the rod. By these ways ab- we have examples on money (ib. 13, 16, 17). It's probable that vi they also had archers a horse iTtnoxo^óxcci, use of the arch and the EU arrows it is sure , seeing each other these weapons in the hands of the hero rider the dolphin (ib. 7, 13). The race with a horse, rò Inmxóv, ha more examples on the numbers me (ib. 1, 4) where also you can see it the one that it was done with two horses to change from those knights who were called cqitfiJTTToi, desultorii (ib. 25). These rode on horses a double e they beat them to racing tied together : xcà ànifiTcnoi /.ih'ol ini SvoTV cIqtqo'ìtoiv OviSsSsixs'riai' ó^oi'- ,(tsj'o( (Suid. V. ÌTrjrixij). Le ran a horse in which ones i riders running of gallop they passed each other the lamps turned on e they said Xaiunccóoógófioi, yes see mentioned in that one knight who carries the burning torch (ib. 13). Below this government began to mint the drama. 14. In collect. mine. Taranto on dolphin goes a right; behind TAPAi below shell. B. Euota a four rays simi- lissimi a those gods wagons paintings on the vase manhole cover said of Francois (see the fragment given by Heydemann(/lnn. Instit. 1868 tab. of adj. D). 15-16. Nella my collection. Taranto on horseback of dolphin goes to right and an octopus comes: below n. 15 MQAT, n. 16 TAPA^. R. Seahorse winged face on the right underneath a shell : in n. 15 the epigraph M^AT it is like this written al reverse. 17. Head of a diademed woman time a d. with hair knotted to fit ends of pommel : behind the head is a globe- bed, there. Taranto on dolphin a d.
lays down the hand left and rests his right hand on the delphium : behind TAPA? il under a marine turbines. 18. Juvenile head shorn a s.; at the nape of the neck little globe. R. Ta- grunt on dolphin hill arms outstretched a s., TAPA? a d., of below shell. 19. Head youthful diademed a s. closed as the previous one in a circle detected. R. Taranto on the dolphin extends wide bedue hands going to left, behind TAPA^ 20. Head of a woman with hair collected en masse on vertex e diademed turning to the right. behind AT. A. Half hippocampus winged face a d. below shell e the epigraph iM 21. In my collection. Head of woman with long hair cervix e ' endings in a little globe time to d. R. Half ip- little time winged aimed at left below shell ;' to. TAPAS 22. Museum of Milan. Head of a woman with hair fold back to nape e belt of diadem time to d. within one crown of laurel. R. Young naked Palante on the dolphin with his hands outstretched tensed going right, under a shell, behind MJIAT 23. In Luyues collection. Taranto on dolphin a right: die- tro ^flJIflT retrograde. R. Lo same type incuse, where Ta- ranto goes to left, e the TAPAS legend goes from left a right. 24-26. Naked young man diademed genuflected facing left. with lyre in the left in act of pull over im flower open to eyes, in front of 5AJIAT. R. Lo same type in recess. The specimen 24 it's in the coli. Luj'nes, on the 25th in that of Dupré, on the 26th it's in the toilet of medals in Paris. Everyone e three que- these didramas have near the hand given to very minute letters no from Kochette mohoì'xog supplied.
126 CALABRIA T. scvm 27. Bearded man with long hair dress it simple pallium to the exomide sitting has in the left a distaff of wool in the right a two-handled vase facing right. behind TAPA5 R. Taranto on dolphin lays down hands a right, below the shell on the left ^AQAT 28. Bearded man sitting face a left e lying down the a- scella left col stick : wears a simple pallium that involves leaving her naked half upper: hey lift the right showing the distaff of wool: around al field it's one crown of laurel. B. The hero Palante as in nos. 27, 28: the epigraph it is Idni/IITl/lAqAT 29. Young wrapped a half in pallium sitting a d. in act to support the right ad a stick e keep glue d. a two-handled vase : behind worn out. R. Taranto sul del- until it reaches out le hands a left below the shell, behind TARE5 30. Young sitting with stick to s. and distaff of wool in the d. B. Taranto on dolphin goes to the right. and reaches out the hand left leaning al dolphin the right, below the conchi- daughter, around TAPANTINilN 81. Young sitting wrapped in the middle in pallium with in the de- holding out a vase .e the trident in the left. R. Taranto on dolphin going to right carrying an octopus in the right: of below the dolphin it is a shell; the epigraph is missing (Hun- ter, Table LV n. 7). 32. In collect. my. Young naked sitting on pallium throw on the thigh right to beast that it is maybe a cat e yes it is raised at two paws, show for fun e between- stullo a rod with wicks wool around wrapped inciting him to the socket, while pearl pendant on the left the ^uaTQoXì'jxvdor, that is, a little vase of oil together with one curry combs, bathroom tools e of gym. /?. Taranto on dolphin a left with in head a Christed helmet, a Parma in the left and a plant on the right: of below it's a tuna, around al field TAQAUTINil. That one beast that I have doubtfully called cat yes it is procured by me with- r help of other specimens that it was good expressed: to me, as it seemed al Mr. Lenormant, it seems like a cat. 33. Young sitting on pallium like that of n. 32 ; but on back of right bring a bird e in the left discharged a distaff of wool. R. The hero on the dolphin on the left. harness hello one shield Boeotian, the right it's out of coinage : below vi it is the shell. 34. Paris gab. of the med. (Raoul-Eoch. Meni, numism. p. 1, IV n. 34). Young sitting wrapped in the middle in pallium rests the foot right on the base of a tomb, whose lid it is pyramidal in shape. R. Taranto on dolphin and goes to left with a aplustre in the right and the left supports trip to the fair that ride. Table XCVIII. 1. Taranto on dolphin e supports you the left bringing in right ima plant a three leaves and short stem (Plin. H. N. XXVI, 19, 62, 63) qual it is the Satyrion ; downstairs TAPA«. R. Naked young man a horse at a full gallop facing right. below to the belly of horse I 2. Taranto on dolphin a left with a vase with two handles in the d. under TAPAS. R. Young naked that shake the riding crop exercising the horse. 3. Taranto on dolphin face a left scrolling on you float with a branch in the left R. Young equestrian with whip in the d. of which one can see clearly the mozzone already almost last wintered zino, that it helps a do the snaps: his hair is le- gati in a ciuifo on vertex to the xÓQVfi^og. 4. Collection Saint. Taranto on dolphin he goes into a stormy sea a d. reaching out the left. R. Young equestrian what's going a d. leaning the d. on back of horse. 5. In the collection mine. Taranto on dolphin goes to left bringing in the d. a vase to two handles, of below, TAPA5 R. Pan- vat a horse with hair tied in the form of a plume on the vertex : in front a right there is a herm of a bearded man, among the legs of horse there are two ears of wheat on them stems. 6. Taranto seated on dolphin in sad attitude, of below R. Young on the horse what's going step to the left. He is naked and holds a clypeus: between the legs of horse A. 7. In my collection. Taranto on dolphin face on the right with bow and arrow in the hands: under a elephant, above TAPA$ R. Naked young man who standing in front al horse glue left no believes le bridles e al jockey oh I ride talk to finger stretched out, like who prescribes: between the horse's legs API^Tin behind to the TV jockey. 8. Taranto on dolphin that it flows on the waves of the sea brings a trident: a d. TAPA^ below al dolphin K. R. Young at ca- armed wall of galley crested, of clypeus e of launcher. 9. Taranto on the dolphin with one shell in hand, below TA and TAPAS. R. Naked jockey with parma and launch in progress of jump giti from horse, below P. 10. In the coli. my. Taranto on dolphin with parma, on which it is the sign of a hippocampus and two launches in the left
I know- holds on on the right a Vittorietta that crowns it, behind TAPA5, left. FY. R. Two naked young men on horseback with simple chlamys fluttering on the humeri; one has a club in his left: in the middle (JJY in mon.; between the horses' legs: KAAAIN 11. In coli. mine. Taranto sitting on the left. of swimming dolphin with parma and trident, behind TAPAS:, below al dolphin A. R. Cavallo standing aimed at d. with a naked young man what is it to mount you above ed he is armed of helmet crested, of cli- peo e of throw a which leans: to the right it's a h. 12. From a cast. Taranto on dolphin with hair long that they fall on his humerus left with distaff of wool in the left and bunch of grapes in the d. on the right humerus, from behind on the right ANO, below al dolphin TAPAS. R. Young a horse with helmet crested, two launches and a clipeo deco- rat of a star, behind /V\, below al horse l-l e at to the edge lower ADOAA... 13. (Carelli, tab. n. 151). Taranto on dolphin with his head covered of a cause bringing arrows in the two hands: a right TAPAS, left. XP in mon., below al dolphin a vase for two
T. XCIX CALABEIA 127 handles and A. 7?. Naked young man that runs a horse por- taking one torch lit in the d. under hHPAKAH. 14. In the museum of Vienna. Taranto on dolphin, crowned with trident in the left and carries a two-handled vase on the right. S side, under TAPAS. A. Two young] a horse covered of helmet and with chlamys aifil>biata on the humerus go of ga- loppo a right, in the lower NIKYAOS. 15. Taranto on dolphin with trident supported to the humerus de- stro and parma in the sin, awarded of a hippocampus winged : forward 01 behind TAPA^ : turbines under shell. E. Gio- vain a armed horse of helmet Christed, of shield, of two launches e in act of throwing a third throw goes ga- loppo on the right : below AAl. 16. In coli. my. Taranto on dolphin on the left with distaff of wool, in d. A tuft of the long ones hair he brings elect- vato on front : behind TAPAS, of below vi is the bow of a ship. R. Naked young man a horse with clypeus, two lan- ciotti e in act of throw a third : under TA. 17. In coli. my. Taranto on dolphin a d. with one in hand galley provided of visor, paraguatides and high crest and die- too TAPAS, below 01. R. Naked young man a horse with cli- well, two launches e in act of hurl a third. In AA field, below al KAA horse e $1. 18. In coli. my. Taranto on the dolphin facing left. with a cor- nucopia in the left and a vase with two handles in the d. in field a d. a tripod, under TAPA^. R. Young a ca- wall armed with armour act of throw a javelin, behind a crown of laurel, under OAYMPIS. 19. Taranto on swimming dolphin a left elevate the right with a object on the right 1AT, below one shell. R. Young on horseback with a helmet on his head wide gutter e acumen- born dress of exomid tunic, who launches a javelin. 20. Coli. Luynes. Taranto on swimming dolphin with chlamys lazzante, with trident on the humerus right face a left choir- born from Victory: below al dolphin A a d. TAPA^. B. Young a armed horse of helmet crested, e of clypeus, e of a spear that he carries in his right hand, he has on him the cla- mide, below al horse AA. 21. Taranto on dolphin swimming with helmet triphale in boss e leaning trident on the humerus right lifts glue left his chlamys: of below it's an octopus a left TAPA^ a d. Yes in monogram. R. Young a horse facing right he goes at a trot : he is armed of helmet three-faced, of armour, para- zonio below the armpit left, of chlamys e lift in high the right: behind TK in mon. and a bell ringer of below SENOKPATHS:. 22. Taranto on dolphin col trident in the left it is crowned by Victoria: winged ^And, under TAPAS. R. Bearded man walking armed wall of armour e chlamys going at a gallop a right he turns in front and spreads the right while it's co- ronate by Victory, ^below KAAAKPATHS (like this) and in mi- very fine character, a left vi reads EFIKPA in a mono- gram on which it's a moon growing. 23. Taranto sits in prospect on dolphin face a d. and gives a blow of a trident to a darting fish on waves: a d. TAPAi. on the left C and a foil square. R. Naked young man that holds the horse of the jockey which is crowned by Victoria: below the horse I 24. In coli. Lippi in Biccari. Taranto sits on dolphin that swim to left e bring a parma in the left e in the d. a vase: a d. TA, below the dolphin P. R. Fantino what a crown his horse while a young boy on his knees rides the xm- grave of the left front foot : front (j). 25. In coli, my Didrammo lined. Taranto stood up take a knee on back of dolphin swimming and you- nendo in the left Parma and two throws spreads to the left. the hand : therein TAPAS and lOP. R. A winged victory with ciiiifo of hair tied on vertex met al horse, the holds back: the knight that vi it's above he is armed of galley crested, e of parma with two launches. 26. Taranto sitting in prospect on dolphin hurls a shot of trident to a fish swimming among le waves, on the left TA- PAS, a d. A. R. Two horses faces a left with a jockey desultor who rides ed it is crowned from Vittoria, under 01. 27. Taranto on dolphin face a d. with trident in the left and cor- nucopia in the d. behind a object similar to a seal in foil; suspended by a handle, under TAPAS. R. Pan- vat on horseback facing right. crowned with Victory: EYN ahead, under AAMOKPIT 28. In between ai waves of the sea come on which is all around surrounded the field, Taranto sits on dolphin face a d. he pro- I wait hurts of a shot of trident a fish : on the right TAPAì. R. Crown jockey the horse that trots a right while he it is crowned from ima Vittorietta suspended a I fly, between the legs of horse AP. Table XCIX. 1. Taranto on the dolphin facing left. with a woolen distaff in his left
he has long hair e descending on the shoulders, e ankle boots at the feet: behind ANO below the dolphin TAPA? R. Young naked on the horse what's going of trot: hey is crowned: behind the Sl below the SAAO horse and a Ionian capital on the collar of the column. 2. Mine coli. Taranto on dolphin aimed at left in the act of throwing a shot of trident having his chlamydella on the arm left lying down: he has an owl behind him, in the TAPA$ bust. R. Jockey that going of trot a left crowns his ca- vallo : behind EY between the legs of AYKINO horse^ 3. Taranto on dolphin a left with trident in the left e in the d. there E e on the right a bearded herm; below the dolphin TAPAS R. Vittorietta that crown the jockey while he crowns his horse trotting to the right: K in front between the legs APl«TOKPATH? 4. Coli. Healthy. Taranto on dolphin a left with vase in d., die- tro MY in mon. R. Naked young man on horseback with palm lemni- scata on the right, behind S, below APISTIP, of under TAPAì. 5. In the coli. my. Drama. Taranto on dolphin on the left with tri- tooth in the d. e Vittorietta that he crowns it in the left from- boast EflIK in monogram, in the lower TAPA^. R. Jockey
128 CALABKIA T. XCIX that go of trot on his horse towards the right and holding in the left a branch crowns him with palm : between the legs of horse KPITO$ 6. Drama of my coli. Taranto on the swimming dolphin a left with vase with two handles in the d. e trident in the left : behind an eagle that explains le wings, in the lower TAPAS. R. Cava- lieutenant armed with cuirass and helmet with palm frond in the hem right goes of trot verse the d. bro the legs of horse ^nKAIMNA^ 7. In the coli. my. Drama. Ilaranto on dolphin a left with cornucopia in the left e Vittorietta that crowns it in the d. in the lower TAPA^ R. Jockey that crown the horse that go of trot on the left to. IH between the legs ^SHFENHl 8. Drama of mine coli. Taranto on the dolphin a left with object uncertain in d. e trident in the left behind HPA in the bass TAPA^ R. Jockey what a crown his horse standing still and facing right. on the left KAH between the legs of the horse SHPAMBOS 9. 10. Head of a diademed woman on the left. and at no. 9 with pendants on the arms ears. R. Jockey crowning the horse while trotting a d. between the legs TA and nos dolphin ; and at no. 10 a cornu- copy a left 11, 12. Head bearded e belt of ornate tiara of a branch of ivy time a d. R. Civetta of front e letter A a d. in n. 12 vi is added a d. IN VAIN! 13. Head of Pallas with Attic helmet decorated with the monster Scylla a left R. Civetta a left iQ. to. KNVANin 2-7pm. Head of Pallas with helmet attic adorned with the monster Scylla face a d. R. Owl standing on a branch of olive tree and it has on the left NEYMHNIOS, from right POAY; in n. 15 is H?TIA- PXO? The owl is above a lightning ed ha on the right EY and a nice bunch of grapes; in n. 16 it's on top of a ca- pitello jonic and has a right TAP ; in n. 17 ha below the claws a snake, in high the epigraph (TA>PA(NTI)NilN e a d. iSl, it -has the wings open; in n. 18 where the nocturnal he has a branch in front of him of olive tree vi reads TAP and on the right. lOP in the n. 19 al straight, that alone it represents itself, being the re- verse similar to n. 18, Pallas it's almost in front, which it is in Carelli (Pl. CXY), the helmet is TQi'cfa^.oc, and on the right. the mon. \E. 20-24. Head of a man or woman, sometimes with cropped hair short e time or a right now a left. R. Conchiglia. 25. Head of Hercules covered by skin of lion. R. Delfino. 26. Coli. Luynes. Plume of wool around a stick inside crown of laurel. R. Clava ed bow (Avellino, RuU. arch. nap. 1, Vili, 2). 27. Hippocampus: of under a half moon (Avellino, RuU. arch. nap. 1, VII, 10). R. Plow and a half moon above. 28. Coli. Luynes. Dolphin aimed at left crowned from Victoria. R. Conchiglia. 29. Coli. Luynes. Dolphin aimed at d. e of under a Palladio and A R. Conchiglia. 30. British Museum. Shell. R. Wheel (Poole, Catal. p. 168 n. 58). 81. Vase grooved to a handle. R. Eagle of prospectus ad wings open inside a crown of laurel (Carelli, n. 372). 32. Woolen distaff, below AT. /?. Conchiglia (Carelli, n. 76). 33. Museum of London. Kuota a four rays repeated in re- verse (Poole, Catal. p. 168 n. 68). 34. Museum of London. Shell. R. Wheel a four rays (Poole, Catal. p. 168 n. 69). 35. Coli. Luynes. Dolphin, shell, M51AT R. Hippocampus winged and MSfltT. a left 36. Dolphin a d., above MSAT, of below shell R. with- keel. 37. Coli. Luynes. Taranto on dolphin face a d. with in hand the distaff of wool, under TAPA^ A. Restrained horse that runs ad. above TA (Carelli, tab. CXVH n. 324); cf. Mil- lingen, Anus. coins, 1, 18). 38. Taranto a left with horn potorio in the d. and branch of palm in the d. R. Pecten shell (Carelli, pl. CXVII, 288). 39. Coli. Luj'nes. Taranto on the dolphin facing left. with vase in d. e distaff of wool in the left to. S R. Conchiglia (Carelli, n. 287). 40. Head of a woman facing right. R. Dolphin, fish and TA (cf. Raoul Roehette, Mein. of nwmism. 'pl. I, 10). 41. In coli. my. Head of a woman with hair at the back of her neck, belted of graduation aimed at d. A. Four wheel rays. 42. From coli, mine, now in the Parisian medal cabinet. Head of young Hercules covered by the lion's skin on the right R. Pallas armed with a helmet e of clypeus in the act of pulling a shot of spear time to left front DK in mon. This one coin was sent to me from Gallipoli. Millingen recorded it a other exemplary in the table not illustrated pl. Ili, n. 5. 43. In coli. my. Head of Pallas once a d. R. Ercole fan- ciullo chokes the snakes, on the left. MY in mon. (cf. Millingen, Recueil. t. I, 13), lightning in the exercise. 44. In coli. my. Head of Pallas almost in perspective. R. Er- cole that struggling with Antaeus he has it relieved from earth e I tightens to life hill robust arms: a d. (J)l (Carelli, tab. CXVI, 282). 45. In coli. my. Head of Pallas crested aulopid blanket with hanging laces. R.
Hercules taming Diomedes' horses : in the TA field, and MY in mon. (Carelli, pl. CXVL 283). 46. In coli. my. Head of Minerva with Corinthian helmet vault a left R. Hercules considering the lion for the tail gii gives a shot of club and; to. the epigraph TAPA? 47. In coli. my. Head of Pallas of covered elevation of triphale ornate of the monster Scylla. R. Hercules that considering the leo for the tail and pointing at him the knee on his side gives a shot of club: in the field a right a tripod. 48. In aeoli. my. Head of Pallas of prospectus covered by a aulopid with two lateral crests. R. Ercole in front chokes a right the lion; in the field a s. it is the club e of below im object similar to ima pelta, bro the legs AP in mon. to. TAPA.. 49. Head of Pallas with aulopid crested facing left. R. Hercules given that it suffocates the lion, a the club on the left, the epigraph on the left TAPANTl(NilN) 50. Head of Pallas covered of a simple Attic helmet turned to the right. R. Ercole in front suffocates the lion; to. TAPANTINNnN between the legs by Ercole f a left the club.
T.C CALABEIA 129 51. Tesla of PaUade with helmet ornate attic of a hippocampus winged. R. Hercules who with your arm left suffocates the lion and with the right leads the club: a left bow e quiver (Carelli, t. CXVI n. 244). 52. Head of Minerva similar to the previous one : below the chin A R. Crowned Hercules suffocating the lion : on the left TAY in mon. e the club. 53. ìfeUa coli. my. Hercules almost covered in front from the skin of lion and with the it poured from near to the left. A. Similar to n. 51: upstairs (T)A, between the legs of Hercules (p Table C. 1. Coli. mine. Head of Pallas a d. covered of Attic helmet or- nalo of the monster Scylla. R. Hercules grouped who laid the club with his arms suffocates the lion. On the back of him it reads in character very minute A$XO. One owl pose on back of the lion (cf. Carelli, tab. CXVI, 276). 2. Head of Pallas covered with an Attic helmet crowned with an olive vault a left R. Hercules crowned on his knees with the elava on the right. suffocates glue left the lion. 3. Head of Pallas a d. covered with a helmet on which they are distributed three flowers are buried and at the bottom near the eaves Ve im A i?. Er- cole as in n. 2 a.m left (TAR)ANTlNilN. 4. Head of Pallas a left with helmet adorned with a dragon : behind the back of the neck K R. Hercules in knee e facing with the club in the d. suffocates the lion. 5. Head of Pallas with the hippocampus winged on the helmet time to d. R. Hercules laid down his club with both the arms suffocate the lion. 6. Head of Pallas with the aulopid crested facing right. fl. Hercules standing standing e of prospectus with branch pomifero yes ap- rests to club, having the lion's spoil on the left: a left i 7. Head of Pallas with ornate Attic helmet of a griffin time a d. R. Hercules sitting on bare of the lion rests col right knee the club: a left reads TAPANT 8. Gambaro or locust fi^a two opposite letters >i- R. Conchiglia. 9. Mensa, or chair and a K between the feet and a twig. A. Similar canteen or chair. Minervini warns that in another penny yes read from the AveUino TA, which confirmed the attribution he made of the first {Obs. page 113). Or. Mr. Imhooff-Bl. (ilonn. gr. I, 3) no describes another, where below at the canteen or chair there is a -T- and in the reverse above the chair, TAPA, of under T, in sides T—E, e in exergue I. 10. Lira. R. Chair or table between whose feet TA and a bird that beats le wings (cf. Imhoff Bl. Monn. gr. I, 2 81 gr. 0.98). 11. Woolen distaff between two stars, a half moon and TA R. Chair maybe sacred, i.e votive, see note to the history of art Christian, vol I, t. 216. The Mr. Imhooff-Bl. describes that this number (J/onn. gr. p. 2, 4) from the Museum of Berlin, e gives it weight gr. 0.81, and note that Sambon took that chair that it is al d. for bed; U Minervini ed others for one canteen. 12. Head of a woman turned to d. R. Lantern that has upstairs in 13. 14. 15. 16- 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 2.5. 26. 27. 28. 29. 31. 32. 33. top to the lid a three flower leaves surmounted from a bird ; on the left a hanging mass of large threads of bow (cf Minervini, Obs. tab. V, 4 a). Vase with two handles between Yi letters R. Letter f I go in crown of laurel. Two-handled vase. 7?. P in the midst of a laurel wreath. Vase ad a handle. R. Letter P inside one crown of laurel. 18. Two protomes of horses coupled in straight and in re- verse. These are instead accepted in n. 16 e al straight vi they see each other two halves added united moons from part convex above and of below the two protome, on the reverse there is a N of below. 11 n. 17 poses al straight le two pro- tome accepted, on the reverse the same ones coupled. Protome of horse braked repeated al reverse where he has a right a Palladio. Protome of free horse al straight and on the reverse: but the hair of neck varies tufted and fluttering on the obverse, modest on reverse. Two-handled vase. R. Verghe decussate and K (Minerva. Obs. T. VI, 5 page 116). Vase with two handles re- petite al reverse: in the obverse vi it reads KA: in the reverse you have three globules sign of value. This is where it begins the series of coins bearing signs of value. Head of ox post of front a left X R. Vase to two handles between four globules. In n. 23 there is a globe- read on the ox head and the reverse globules are five. Vase and two handles among five globules. R. Still lau- crime between each other globules. Vase with two handles between five globules repeated on the reverse. Similar vase repeated among three globules. Similar vase al straight e on the reverse: but on the obverse it is in the middle to a globulet, a star, and tm doggie: reverse is in three globules. 30. Kind similar to the previous one ; but in n. 29 sta the vase bro two globules and a tripod, in the reverse between two stars. Xel n. 30 al straight it has a little globe and a branch, on the reverse it is deprived of every sign.
Head of a postal woman in profile and represented as a belt of snakes. R. Vase with two handles in the middle of three glo- bettini of the five that should have been full mintage. Head of a woman once a right within a crown composed of segments of c.circle that of they certainly must mean the skin of goat, aegis. R. Two-handled vase in the middle of five globules and topped with a € Head of a woman time to left in the middle of five globules. R. Lantern with laces to be worn suspended: is in the middle of five globules. The Minervini (^Obs. Table V, 4) it publishes blica a similar one, where though at the head of the obverse facing left. a horn appears on front e vi I am four globes. In the reverse it is a small tower and only one glo- betto. n Minervini (Obs. page 114) recognizes the image on the obverse gine of the river Taras: and where you see a head of a woman estimates that is Saturated. On the reverse side he sees a tower, or a fero; but he does not mean that tapeworms (p. 116) if they are not signals.
130 CALABRIA T.C 34. In coli. my. Head of a woman with hair at the back of the neck cultured below the so-called opistosphendone. R. Tower with lan- sharp tern on which rests a bird : from the wall they hang laces. Similar a this one it is the given coin from Minervini {Obs. tab. V n. 4(3), in which guy recognizes one turret. 35. (Minerrini Obs. tab. Il, 14, 16). Head of Pallas belt of tiara, with whom believes collected the mass at the back of the neck gods hair, placed above his aegis. R. Club and bow between five globules. Nella collection of Prince Spinelli you can read geva TA. The Millingen in the Suppl. pi. 1, 6, and the Poole in Catal. p. 227, 228 n. 33, 26 they attribute it to Heraclea. The Minervini that he had it before given ad Heraclea (1. cit. p. 120) he then granted it in Taranto because of the specimen of the prince of St. George who bears the epigraph TA. Nondi- less, where the epigraph is missing it seems to him that it can also be given in Heraclea. But he doesn't consider the Tarantino system of globes, which has no confirmation in Heraclea. 36. Head of a woman similar to the previous one. A. Five little globules. 37. 38. Two half moons placed together on the convex part between four globules. R. Lo same type: in n. 39 i four globe- beds they change in four stars. 39. Shell. R. Euota a four rays with four small globules (Eiorelli Mon. ined. 1, 14). 40. Two half moons opposite between four little globules. R. Again between two half moons and one of the four globules of the coinage not whole (id. I, 19). 41. T fra three globules. R. Conchiglia (Carelli, tab. CXVIII n. 393). 42. T bro three globules repeated al reverse (id. n. 394). 43. Two half moons opposite and two globules. R. Conchiglia. 44. Shell. R. Globule in the center e three globules around (Avellino, Roll. II, 11, 9). 45. Quiver, club and tee. Carelli's Descriptio n. 806 adds an H a left e law together W: but this H is omitted in plate CXVIII, where I have I stretch my drawing A. Two half moons opposite and two globules (Carelli, 383). 46. Club between two half moons and two globules. 7?. Quiver between two half moons and two globules (Carelli, ib. n. 304). 47. Mia collection. Two half moons in reverse and a globe- read on obverse and reverse weighing 100 g. 0.20 (Car. ib. 487). 48. All these they are golden been taken by me a cast in various collections. Head of Neptune crowned of lauro, facing left; at the nape of the neck N< R. Aquila who with open wings rests on the ful- mines time to d. in front vi reads TAPANTlNflN, e vi two are represented stars and two amphorae: of below al ful- NIKAP mines 49. Head of an adorned woman of background, of earrings, e of col- lane with light veil throw them above. It is time to d. and it has in front of a dolphin e an E at the back of the neck R. Neptune veiled a half of pallium, sitting with in hand the trident has to- boast little Taranto, which rises towards of him le hands: it is face a left ed ha in front the epigraph TAPANTINUN a right one star below the K chair e out a h Taranto is naked, except for a little one pallium journeyed behind le shoulders. 50. Head of a woman similar to the previous one, but once again on the left with around three deliìni e in front of TAPA R. Jockey face on the right that riding crown his horse, while he it's choir- born of one flying victory : in front it's a dolphin, .tra the legs of horse ^A and a star: in the TAPA$ hexargus 51. Head of an equal woman a those of numbers 49, 50 time a d. ha in front a dolphin and TAPA, at the nape of the neck lOP R. Naked jockey riding crown the horse, bro le which legs it's a tripod. 52. Head of a woman in everything similar to the previous one also for the TAPA e the dolphin that ha in front a d. R. Knight who gallops to the right holding a clypeus e with the left armed with two rods, while he throws a third : in front of right. it's a ful- mines, below al horse the APOA epigraph 53. Head of a woman between two dolphins once a d.; below al neck vi it reads AY, and TAPA in front R. The two Dioscores who ride cano a left they are naked and accompanied from theirs star: in- the exergue ^A 54. Similar woman's head al n. 53 time a d. below around your neck it reads AIKOAA clearly in place by NIKOAA A. The two Dioscori, that they ride a left the one poses a crown in head to the horse, the other carries a lemniscate palm branch, from which one hangs one crown: in high there is the their name AlOSKOPOl 55. Head of young Hercules covered from the lion's skin vault a d. R. Taranto with the chlamydetta cast on the left humerus stro e the trident in his hand, which mounted in the chariot of horses there guide a right: of above TAPANTINilN, bro le legs gods horses YES, of below ai feet a bolt of lightning 56. Head of Young Hercules time a d. covered of bare of lion R. Taranto naked mounted in a chariot of horses with trident in the left: of above EPPO, of below at the feet gods horses (TA)PANTIIMilN 57. Head of a woman a left
with hair tied on the vertex belt of tapeworm, has pendants to ears e string of pearls around her neck : in front of a dolphin and AIAT, at the nape of the neck iA 58. Head of a woman time a d. with hair collected around, e belted with a backdrop, it has pendants to the ears e string of pearls al neck: in front yes reads: TAPANTlNilN R. Taranto ride the dolphin a left bringing the trident in the s. and a dolphin in the d.; a right TAPA^, of below hK 59. Head of Pallas covered of aulopid crested and adorned with griffin time to d. R. Taranto with pallium fluttering e tri- tooth in the left mounted in a chariot of horses goes to the right, up one star. 60. Head of Pallas how al n. 59, front TAPANTINilN R. Taranto on chariot of dolphins a d. behind le shoulders i in high TA 61. Laureate head of Apollo time to d., behind the nape N< R. Eagle on lightning ad wings explain time a d., around TAPANTINAN, a d. Yes, of below to the lightning lA 62. Laureate head of Apollo a left in front of a dolphin and ^A, a d. TAPAis R. Hercules who fights the lion a shots of club, bow e quiver a left e below h 63. Head of a woman described al n. 58 time to d.; at the back of the neck K
T. C[ LUCANIA AUSTEALIS 131 B. Taranto sitting by front with fortress in the d., on which it is wrapped the wool, and a circle maybe of wool spun into the left; below a dolphin, a d. TARE?. 64. Head of young Hercules covered from bare of lion on the right R. Taranto with trident in the left. e orciuolo in the d. ride the dolphin a left of under TAPA^. 65. Head of Pallas how al n. 60 time a d., in front N(. R. Civetta ad wings explain on lightning e on the right APOA. 66. Head of a woman with hair collected in ceroMo time to d. in front of KA. 7?. Vase with two handles and around TAPAN. 67. Head of the sun facing crowned of rays. R. lightning and TAP of above, AP of below. 68. The same types, but the epigraph above TAPAN, below APOA. He noticed already the Millingen the resemblance of these types with those just a dime of gold of King Alexander of Epirus {SuppL aux I considered, pi. 11 n. 56 pages. 7). Table there. 1. Head of G-iove graduated turned to the right. R. Vittoria turned to d. por- ting a bolt of lightning: TAPANTINAN. 2. Similar head, of behind a grain of barley. R. Vittoria with in hand a crown goes to d. : therein TAPANTINilN. 3. (Carelli n. 398). Similar head. E. Vittoria adapting a parcel peo to im trophy of weapons: a left TAPANT. 4. Head similar. R. Victoria that crown a trophy of weapons standing at the foot of it the clypeus : a left TAPANTINillM. 5. Taranto sul dolphin with two-handled vase in the d. and cornu- copy, on the left go a left, behind TAPAN. R. Conchiglia. 6. Head of PaUade with aulopid crested time to d. R. Hercules what a face a left suffocates the lion: a d. the club and TAPAN. 7. Similar head to the previous one, behind ear of corn. R. Hercules seated on the skin of the lion leaning the left to the club lays down the right with a glass [foculum) without buts- nico : a left TAPANTINilN, e IK, maybe Ixaìog (=: Elxaìog in the Doric dialect (Ahrens, De dor. dial. 184). 8. In the coU. my head similar to the previous one n. 6, but on- the helmet it's ima sphinx. R. Hercules sitting on the skin of the lion with club in left and little in the right, on the left TAPAN- TiNAN. 9. Kind similar a that of n. 8, but I am well there expressed i laces that tied the galley below to the chin. R. Hercules how al n. 8, but the epigraph it is written of below, TARANTI, 10. (Avellino, Bull arch. nap. 1, Vili, 11). The types they are similar a those of no. 9, but the reverse is missing the epigraph TARANTI, e below Hercules reads IKAIOS, that can hold on to iatero word whose first two initials are read in n. 7. 11. In the coli. mine. Two-handled vase and by feet TA a left e a d. a bucranium. R. Vase similar a that of right, but in the middle to two stars. 12. (Fiorelli, Observ. numism. 11, 12). Octopus. R. Conchiglia. 13. In the Museum of Parma. Half of Pegasus. R. Protome of horse braked e in front. T. 14. Museum of Vienna. Pair of dolphins going a d. of below TA. R. Conchiglia. 15. Coli. Imhoof-Blumer. Lightning between two half moons and TA. R. Clava between two half moons and two stars. HEEACLEA Nella ol. LXXXIV, 4. (u. e. 316) the people of Siri mixed of Tarentini and Turini settled between the two rivers Siri and Aciri in that place where in the ol. LXXXVI (u. 321) it was founded from the Tarentini and Turini one colony they called Eraclea and they gave them as a trading post and naval ancient Siri located a sun three miles (Diod. sic. XII, 36 ; Strab. VI, 264 ; Lv. VIII, 24). Pliny could therefore believe that Heraclea was once call Siri, while Antiochus at Strabene writes, that Siri not it just changed by name calling each other Heraclea, but also of site (Plin. H. N. Ili, 11): Heracha wings when Siris shouted. (Strabo, VI, 264): ^HqàxXeiav S^votsqov xhjBTp'ai f.ista^aXovGciv xccl rovroj.iK xal reverse tÓtiov. The historians do not say which of the two peoples transported by Siri inHeraclea predominated, but the epigraphs and the types of coins Heracleians demonstrate that if in the primitive obols dominated there the Doric dialect of the Tarentines col type of Hercules, there was then favorite in the greater unit the cult of Pallas im- brought to you by the Turini, who were Athenians of origin ; so the head of Pallas figure on straight into the tetradrachms, of- dramas and dramas, Hercules in didramas alone; e vi holds the place of reverse. In dramas vi you can see it the owl which is Pallas's bird. The Doric name of the Heracleans is in multiple ways written: vi it reads l-HPAKAEnN, FHPAKAElilN 1-HPAKAHIilN : which yes explains by the grammarians in the first example for suppression of subjunctive, in the others two in a half of umlaut in ^HgaxXsiog and of ectasis in 'HQaxhjiog (Theognost. 11, 57). This example was not known at Ahrens , where collects i dorisms of Italiots (De dial. dor. page 192). Nella era primitive, from 321 at 351, Heraclea he uttered alone obols silver on which straight he placed the head of Hercules or of Pallas in the reverse then the Er- cole that suffocates the lion.
These obols yes distinguish by the ante-Euclidean alphabet where the letter H has value of spi- rite and yet yes law HE initial of HEPAKAEIA: of what in the second epoch not there is an example in the didramas and the broken inferior, which are dramas, dioboles and obols and in- the only one golden. Le coins they have bronze furthermore some types that they note the soil fertility in wheat and into wine : vi yes it is also meant maritime power represents ing an armed Tryphon of shield, of spear and defended from- the helmet (plate CU, 12), or a trident instead of a spear defended give it shield and bareheaded (ib. 11). He believed the Mil- lingen, which the one was Glaucus and took the other as a wife e Scylla said it [Considér. n. 114,113) e he remembered the fairy tale Cretan e loves of Glaucus with Scylla, and the magical tra- transformation of her by Circe: but I maintain that the reputed sex difference fi-a the two monsters not there is for nothing. It seemed to Eochette as well that monster of sex fe- minile, but he opined that Heraclea was personified in it {Mem. numism. page 230). I have it in front of both him 17
132 LUCANIA AUSTKALIS T. CI specimens of mine collection well preserved, and not I see in they that difference of sex that should be sought in the chest detected. The Carelli therefore this is how he depicted it in the his tables. When le Greek cities they did alliance against the Lucanians e the Messapians in this one the headquarters was established in the city of the assemblies: but Alexander the Molossian in 423 no moved the seat on the banks of the Acalaudro, or on the borders of Heraclea and Thurio: The Lucanians they possessed Heraclea from 427 up at 481, in which year the protection of the Eomaui in the liberated, ed it remained faithful to them thereafter in various events. Heraclea in the system monetary followed the division of stater in sixth, then of didrama. To the drama it has for type the head of Pallas e al reverse the owl yes they assign gr. 3.72; 3.11. The coins both with the epi- graphe HE, weighed from Carelli (Descriptio no. 37, 83) of gr. 0.72 ; 0.92 belong to before emission and they can hold on to beaten offerings in that emission piti recent in which for very short space of time yes adopted the system of didrachm, drama, obol and hemi- bolus (Poole, A Calai. 230, 44). We have news of the drama from Mionnet, gr. 3.72 and from Thomas, gr. 3.11 {Hist. de la monn. I, p. 298). The Sambon no quote one only, of which one also ignore the weight. The art that it is the more beautiful between le coins of Magna Greece ne invite to know the names of the artists, but in- certain no I am le rules. The Mr. Alfredo Von Sallet (Die Kunsllerinschriften auf Griechischen il/wnseji, Berlin, 1871) believes for such EY(t)P and APIST03EN0?, the first written on strip where Hercules leonticides rests (Pl. CI n. 35), the other engraved there same e al straight on crest of- Pallas' helmet (ib. n. 34). I agree with these names you can add APISTOAAAAOC carved in two numbers below the arm right of Hercules (ib. 38,, 39). It seems like the but- monetary officials have ordinarily taken their places at the back of the neck of Pallas, or on the riverside field, and that they are from them different those, that doesn't in monogram, nor in acronyms, but more relaxed yes they inscribe, APl^TOFE (ib. 40); AFASl- AAMI (Milling. Syll. suppl. I, 4), it seems rather name of a hero; A0ANA, it is name instead of the goddess before aleni face yes law, as AAAAATHP in the metapontines is di- nazi al face of Ceres; and how they usually sign up others ed other names of the gods. 16. Head of bearded Hercules with the bare of lion face on the right E. Leone which goes to d. above 3H. 17, 18. Coli. my. Head of young Hercules with the lion's skin. R. Leone which goes to d. above HE or EH as in n. 18. 19. Head of Pallas with Attic helmet adorned with a griffin. R. Er- cole that suffocates the lion having the club in his d., above HE. 20. Coli. my. Like predicted. R. Hercules grouped suffocates the lion, above HE. 21. From a cast. Head of Hercules bearded how al n. 16. R. Hercules who suffocates the lion having side the club: around mPAK. 22. Head of young Hercules time ad. R. Leone that runs on the right above 3H. 23. Head of Pallas with helmet attic decorated with the monster Scylla. R. Hercules who having to the side the club suffocates the lion: a d. hHPAKAHIilN. 24. Head of Pallas with helmet ornate attic of a hippocampus. R. Hercules on his knees glue club in the d. suffocates the lion: above a left HPA, a right EY. 25. Head of Pallas in front with helmet triphale ornate of monster Scylla armed of spear. R. Hercules standing with his skin leonine on left arm armed of bow e of club : in- I'll be back hHPAKAHlilN. 26. Head of Pallas similar to that of n. 25. R. Hercules standing of supported elevation to club with cornucopia and leon- tea in the left, drinking vessel in the field on the left. and the legend hHPAKAEinN a right. 27. The goddess Pallas similar to that of n. 23. E. Hercules standing armed of club e of bow like in the currency of the no. 25 is crowned from Victoria. 28. In the British Museum (Poole, Calai, p. 230 n. 44). Grape of wheat on which rests an owl. R. Plow and above hHPA weighs gr. 2, 26. 29. Paris, in G-ab. of medals. Head of Pallas with helmet Corinthian ornate of a griffin. R. Hercules sitting face a d. lean the left to club e go the right to the chin in act of think: in front OlA, a left HHPAKAHlilN. It weighs gr. 2, 14. 30. Head of Pallas with galley attica trifala adorned beautiful crest, almost put in prospect. R. Hercules armed of club suffocates the lion : a left FHP. 31. Coli. Liiynes. Head of Pallas time a d. with helmet at- tico ornate of a griffin. R. Hercules armed knee of strangling club the lion, above HPAKAElilN, bro the legs of Hercules EY, in the exergue an ear of wheat. 32. Head of Pallas with helmet attic decorated with the monster Scylla aimed at d. in front of A0ANA. there.
Hercules deposed the club suffocates the lion: between the legs of him there is one owl, a d. hHPAKAHinN. 33. Mus. of Florence. Head of Pallas similar to that of n. 30. R. Type similar to that of n. 32 ; the epigraph is hHPAKAEilN. 34. (Imhoof-Blum. Griech. Miinz. p. 2 Taf. LIV n. 2). Head of Pallas covered of crested and adorned Attic helmet of the monster Scylla: on the base of the crest it reads the name API4T03E- WE behind to nape of A. R. Ercole of front chokes the lion: on the base where it rests it is again written APIS:T03E and others d. HPAKAElilN. Millingen describes one of his own lesson where in straight it read AFASIAAMI. (Consid. page Ili), and gives the drawing in the Supplement. pi. 1, 4). This moueta apparently later passed into the British Museum. tannic, but the publisher (Catal. 321, 45) read AfASlAAM in it. The head of straight resembles in features youth a that by QaQQayÓQag of the Metapontini. 35. (Imhoof-Bl. Choix, pi. VIII n. 2, 54; Mon. gr. p. 2, 5). Head of Pallas on the right. on the helmet is a griffin, below the chin is it a ?. E. Hercules suffocates the lion having near the club: between i feet reads EY(t)P, a left Hni3A>IAqH. Messrs. L. Sambon (Imhoof-B. 1. cit.) and von Sallet in they have another example
T. GII LUCANIA AUSTKALIS 133 read EYctA e the Sallet holds that this EYcl)P let it be name of artist (Die Kunsterlinscliriften, 1871 page. 53). 36. Head of Pallas with helmet crested and adorned with the hippocampus. 7?. Hercules chokes the lion having deposed to left the club e the arch: on the right reads HPAKAElilN. 37. In coli. my. Head of Pallas with ornate Corinthian helmet of a griffin time to d. behind the neck UH. R. Ercole near a lit altar with bare of lion and the club on the left, a little in the d. In the field a d. a bolt of lightning. 38. Similar pei types to the previous one and for the epigraph APISTO- AAMOS, but divided into three lines ; of the legend l-HPAKAElilN remains only KV. 39. Head of Pallas of prospectus with trifala galley e the monster Scylla on front : al side left HPA in mon. R. Hercules standing at an ara turned on with the bare of lion, the cornucopia on the left e the little one in the d. having nearby the club; from left API^TOAAMO?, in two lines, from right Hi5.HA>IAim. The cornucopia rather than patching the life tory of Hercules on Nessus, as an estimate the MUlingen {Con- sider. p. 113, 114), seem well known to me the one he brought from Ache- loo to which he broke the horn that the Nymphs they collected and fill- rono of apples and of fruit. Avellino published (Opus. t. II tab. 11, 4) a similar number, on which one it seemed to him they were expressed five Es in quicunce, where I bro the macaw e the arm of Hercules, I have bed the name of Aristodamus. 40. Head of Pallas time to right covered of helmet Corinthian adorned of a griffin e crested: to nape KAE in high API^ToHE. R. Hercules in front with cornucopia and skin leonine in the left lean on the club the right and has a left a bucranium e the epigraph hHPAKAElilN. Tat. cn. 1. Mia coli. Head of PaUade with helmet Corinthian ornate of monster Scylla : at the back of the neck K. R. Hercules in front leaning aUa club with bow e skin of lion on the left arm : on the left the Pocolo is next to the AOA club, on the right. hHPAKAHlilN. In other similar coin, where at the back of the neck of Pallas it reads HPA in mon. al reverse a left of Hercules, that yes crown, there is a cornucopia, e above APNiAS:, e the Mr. Imhoof-Bl. (Monn. gr. p. 2, 10) warns that it was from Sextini {Mus. Fountain, III tab. I, 11) bed incorrectly (1)A-PY0AC e fromKochette {Lettre au due de Luynes p. 41 et » M. Schom, p. 88), EVcìAC, and place bro him artists gods mint. 2. Head of Pallas a d. how the previous one, but the name that vi it reads it is hHPAKAElilN. R. Hercules of front how in the previous coin, but the little one it is a d. e from yes- window one little victory took flight I crown. 3. Head of Pallas similar to the previous two, but the helmet it is more decorated with an olive crown. R. Hercules in front with the skin of lion on the humerus and left arm. He he leans to the club with the hand left, while glue right from himself crowns itself: a left HPAKAEIIIN: a d.. NEilN: of below bro the foot e the club 0. I names AEilN read by Mr. Lnhoof-Bl. [Monn. gr. 3, there), and AKilN from the Sambon [Monn. de the presqu'ile ital. 1870 p. 287.9) I haven't needed them so far. The head of Pallas is in front e a left vi reads APlf in two lines. 4. Coli. Luynes. Head of Pallas with the aegis tied around his neck but .raised from wind of fashion that le ago almost from nimbus. She it is crowned of lauro, as they demonstrate to us le leaves al- backhoe loaders e look a d. R. Hercules face a left seated on skin di Leone supports the left to the club and has the little colo in the expanse right, not always expressed by the editors; • to the left HPAKAÉlilN. They published it the Eochette, the Luynes, the Millingen, the Miuervini, the Poole. Ninno however has so far noticed that the aegis it is knotted around the neck, waves rises push from the wind e him ago from nimbus. The Poole (A Calai. p. 226, 15) gives her a crown of olive tree, but the Avellino which describes a dime of E. M. Borb. in the Catalogue the girdles of laurel, ed laurel it is on mine drawing, where yes see- gift clearly le leaves alternate not opposite as I am those of the olive tree. There are therefore two mint different. Eimane so satisfied doubt of Minervini, that for other the he says crowned with leaves though then you notice that the laurel and the olive tree I am plants convenient to the goddess of arts, of war e of peace. 5. Head of Pallas in front with on the head the triphal e on face the monster Scylla. R. Owl on branch of olive tree time of prospectus; to. club with NI above and l-HPAKAHIilN. 6. Head of a diademed woman time to left R. Spiga of wheat and others d. (l-H)PAKAEinN. 7. 8. Coli. my. Pallas leaning on the staff close by the clypeus stands in front of a lit altar with patera in the d., at the shield is the surveyor's groma, of which Avellino writes (fl. M. Borb. IV, XXX, 2), which is a symbol which must indicate one face. A. Two Ercoli with club e skin of lion in the left
and little in the d. aimed at left, in the exergue mPAKAElilN. Same here the Avellino states, that of that this Ercoli nanno he said that they are two. He talks about it of then in the Epistola de numo Rubastinorum p. 5 , 6 opining that the double figure note the double value, I that you try by weight of gr. 7.80 compared al bronze n. 9 where the Hercules it is xino and it weighs gr. 3.66. This it is again my opinion. No the Cavedoni it was cautious enough when opposed {ad Carelli tab. p. 68) than the number of the Descriptio n. 72 engraved in Tab. CLXIII n. 53 with a only Hercules it was the same size as the one that had two Ercoli : because he had to notice at the same time that the Carelli assigns him the weight of gr. 3.69, which it is approximately the half of the other col double Hercules which weighs gr. 7.80. The opinion of Ca- you see it was that these two Hercules they were two simulacra, why the true kept in account not by Palladio yes discer- nesse. 9, 10.' Head of Pallas with helmet Corinthian surrounded by a crown of olive tree time a d. R. Hercules with skin of lion and club in the left and little in the d., around HHPAKAElilN. The no. 10 in coli, my con types similar, where Pallas has a helmet attic graduate has equal the legend l-HPAKAElilN and behind the head of Pallas a shield which has a name of pelta.
134 LUCANIA AUSTEALIS T. cn 11. Head of PaUade with galley Corinthian time a d. R. Nel n. 16 newt armed of clypeus e of trident: of behind it is a moon growing. Nella my collection in place of the tri- tooth door the spear. In n. 11 dress armour, yes covers with helmet, bearer of shield e the spear. By under this monster You yes law hHPAKAElilN. 11 Millingen estimate that yes Scylla (Consid. page 114>. See the proleg. p. 131. 12. CoU. mine. I types they are him same, but in reverse the monster marine (from Mill. believed G-lauco 1. cit.) it is covered of helmet crested and door the shield e the spear. 13. In coli. mine. Head of PaUade placed in front with pallium buttoned on chest, covered of triphal and armed of auction. B. Trophy of weapons, cuirass, helmet, greaves, clypeus and dagger; around IHPAKAElilN. 14. Carelli, tab. CLXIII, 60, Head of young Hercules covered by lion skin turned to d. R. Club, quiver and hHPAKAElilN. 15. In coli. mine. Half horse face a d. R. Civetta above lightning e in high HPA. Not par doubt clie the owl and U horse they allude to Neptune and Minerva. 16. In coli. mine. Vase for use to mix and yet to a handle ba big belly and streaked. R. Pin with tiara mitella and with cylinder ending at the two ends in the same many nooses, though adapt it ai hair. For this cylinder yes comparisons the mitella e the cylinder golden found in the no- cropolis of Cere (Canina, Etruria mariUima,ta.Y. LIV fig. 1). 17. Coli. Imhoof-Bl. Club bro le letters IHPA. R. Lightning between two stars. 18. Head of Apollo graduated once a d. R. Quiver, club ed bow ; a leftover upstairs of legend UH. In one example of coli. Santangelo vi it reads IHP. 19. Coli. my. Head of Hercules blanket from the skin of leone an- knotted al neck. R. Arco, club e quiver with the epigraph IHP upstairs of the arch. METAPONTUM Le origins I'm from Metaponto uncertain. God escape founded from the Pilli veterans with Nestor from the war of Troy; to them yes attributed the XqvOovv Osgog mandate in Delphos. Attach- vases for new test the funeral home, èvayiaanóg, which the Neleids celebrated in Metaponto: whose primitive name it was said be state Alybas (Sleph. s. v.) which it seems to be remembered also from Hesychius, where writes, "AXv^ag ogog . . . ìj Ttàhg. But others among them it is the historian Antiochus said that it was was founded by Metabo which le gave the man of Metapontius e these they pointed out the tomb of him r^Qcoov, that was seen in the city. Ephor writes, that Metaponto must its foundation in Daulius, tyrant of Crissa (ap. Strab. 1. cit.). Others he attributed it to Epeus of Foeide (Aristot. Mirab. 116; lustin. XX, 2, 1). The Metapontines followed tradition, that he said them deduced by Leucippus (Strab. VI, 263), whose imagine they of facts represent on their currency. But they also make a show of Tarragora and Agesidamida, which though it is necessary suppose that they are states other conductors of colonies revealed to us from coins and remained unknown to history. This too proves that not yes deal of first foundation but of regret; e so they can interpret oneself and compose i disagreements of the ancient writers. The Metapontini were certainly flourishing in the fiftieth century olympics, when having a close alliance with the Crotonians and with Sybarites oppressed and they destroyed Siri, appropriating his territory, so to speak Stefano could write that it was a time in what name Metaponto Siri : MstanóvTiov fj nqÓTe- Qov 2ÌQig. Then the idea arose in the modern ones that there were one once two Metabridges, e so in the Aldina edition of Amazing is found correct in tmi' MszanovTiùiv a place that in the ms. is tov Mstcittovtwv. But that text it is arrived to us incomplete, e nothing else must say, if not that, be two of you le city, the one closest to Taranto, i.e. Meta- bridge, the other further away, i.e the Siritide (see Cramer ad Strab. VI, 264). Metaponto in year I of the LXIX Olympics welcomed Pythagoras (lustin. XX, 4): but after it was destroyed by the Samnites (Strab. VI, 264), i which ones they left the territory thorium abandoned: waves in the ol. LXXII, 1 Themistocles he could threatening say ad Eurybiades , that . it should with the Athenians to repopulate Siri which it was of the Athenians ab ancient, why The oracle had said it must be founded by them (Herod. VIII, 62) : rj/^ieìg . . xof-usv/jisd-a sg 2i'gtv ifjV sv 'iTciXia fJTrsq i^i.isTSQr] ré èati ix TiaXaiov left xal tÙ lóyia Xéyei xm rjixéonv avxi]v Stiiv xria&ìjvai. Del rest the Sybarites regretted her by calling the Achaeans around the LXXXH Olympics, (Diod. Sic. XI, 90; XII, 16, Antio- ch. ap., Strabon. 1. cit. VI, 264). By this one most recent Metaponzio they said be that Metaponto, which from the servant Menalippe he had a son named Boeotes.
The "Metapontine coinage confirms these facts, however because later le coins includes, the which fabrication precedes the ol. LXIX, there are no coins of style archaic, but of more beautiful art similar to that of Turio, a city founded near that at the time of this new regret, e a that say Heraclea deduced from the Thurii e by the Tarentines when going out of ol. LXXXVI. Here! was the alphabet of the Metapontini in first era the fans clear the coins ed now too two o'clock epigraphs recently discoveries in his territory {Not. of the excavations 1882 p. 119, 120). The alphabet rear it is the municipality Euclidean. The colony of Achaeans helped led by the Turini by Cleandride In 313 he fought a war with the Oenotrians e with the Tarentines at the end of which one it was established that i Turini with the Tarentines lived together in Siri, but this was held for colony tarentina. At the time of the old Dionigi we can assign the coin recently arrived in my hands, which there reveals one confederation of Meta- I bridge with Caulonia, which we will keep account talking about this city by the tyrant Dionysius destroyed. The border of Meta- ponto was on the eastern side the Bradano : the Tarentines built it Eraclea, they awarded them Siri as his naval and emporium (Diod. XIV, 100). Meanwhile i Lucani bro the ol. LXXXIV e LXXXVI (u. e. 309-317) they showed themselves at the edge of the countryside Turin and earn some battles invaded it in part the territory. It was so what the Metapontini they will have narrow
T. CU LUCANIA AUSTEALIS 135 alliance with them and minted the coin with the legend AOYKA; they will have it too done with Turio, of that fans faith two o'clock coins with types of the two city e the epigraph AYK in mon. (t. CXXIV, n. 1-3). It is unknown when Metaponto fell in the power of the Samnites, but it is certain that they dominated there at the time of the war of Pyrrhus. I Koniani they took over of this one city fin from 482. but they found it transformed into Samnite, below whose domination must to have introduced the use of the ars grave with the Samnite alphabet, of which we have an essay in the cast coin of semissal system with the MIETA epigraph, H1ET, what do you see the tab. LXVI 3-6, where him elephants they are of sure him Asians from Pirro show yourself in Italy the first time in 473 (Plin. N. H. VIII) ; so that and for this reason reason and out of consideration to weight reduced it can be approximated matively fix the era. Here he had end of the Meta mint bridge. Or of how much utility they are le his coins of course if we consider that not are represented there only them images, but of more to the images vi they see each other often data the names own of they, e vi they are read sometimes those of the artists who recorded them. As for traditions, it is confirmed what Antiochus of Syracuse wrote, although Strabene did not if you appear convinced, (VI, 265) that Metabus was the first name of the city, later changed to Metapontum, e yes soil cite some coins, which METABO retains in writing memory. Joxiìó'' 'ArrCoxog tì]v nòXiv Ms-canóvTiov eiQtja&ai Trgórsoor MsTcciSov, nceoioro^ào&m S'yarsgov. Stefano (s. U.) says that the barbarians changed Msranovcov to Méta^oc, but it seems the opposite and Salmasio (in Plin. exercit.) agrees with this Antiochus, where Metabus also derives from Mevajìà, that is Meva- ^ai'vio e holds that Melapontum does not it is Greek, but Metapon- tion. In which it seems to me he is deceived: because it's certain that there was a Greek man named Metaponto (Strabo, 1. cit.). Not we must with everything this pass [a lot forward from say with some that in up that coin yes represents the head of the founding hero. This cannot be true, if yes warns that in such case the name it should have read next door to the head not on the reverse of the coin, where it is read the name of the mint : then in other currency (Carelli .tav. CL n. 40) the head it is of a woman. Millingen believed Metaponto of Aetolian origin and attempted transform. Metabo in the Aetolian Metapa, attaching therefore the games celebrated in honor of Achelous (Considérat. p. 19). But it can be without one such derivation. Because if i Metapontini ne they were derivatives would have depicted this river like you can see it in coins of the Acarnanians e of the Aeniads in the form of a human-headed ox : they instead the figure from uoiQo with head equipped of bovine horns: e furthermore the cult of Achelous era widespread for everything e the Metapontines they had special reason to possess vast fruitful fields wounds. Then from Metapo or Metapa not yes it resulted that Msia- ncào: and Msranusvc, uè MetuTiuvciog could be derived MercijTovTtvog II Jupiter EAEYOEPIO? there makes one deduce that also Metaponto celebrated the kicked out from Syracuse of Dionysius the young man for work of Timoleon (01. CIX, 2 a. u. 411), and well a right, knowing that this Dionysius vexed and oppressed them Greek colonies of Italy, among which it certainly must have also been Metaponto. But the main cult cipal that was it of Ceres e of Apollo of oh yes they have more tests in coins. The beautiful image of her it always is distinct from the crown of ears and there it reads sometimes the name AAMATHP of Doric ed wind power dialect. Come on showers of some coins you can see it the whole image of Apollo with the bow in the left lower sata and a branch of laurel in the right next to a ara. This is an image of the statue of Apollo Pythius who had a temple in Metaponto (Plutarc. de Pythiae oroc); before though it was post in one of squares framezzo ai lauri, when the ghost of Aristaeus Proconnesius asked him what to do about it were raised next to each other, and he had it (Hend. IV, 13) having the oracle answered that at the apparition they believed. That- This image of Aristea seems to me you can depict in one money (tab. CIV, 3), which seems to portray it the face. Posero furthermore from near Apollo a bronze laurel, that vi yes he saw about the CVI olympics (Athen. Dipnoscph. XIII, 83). Aristea vi he was venerated with the name of Jupiter Aristaeus, Zsiig 'ÀQKTzaìog (Pindar. Pyth. IX v. 110-116), how bro him Arcadi, e Servius assigns some the why {ad Georg. 1, 14) : Apud Arcades pro love colitur, quod priinus ostenderit qua- liler apes reparari debeant, e this worship lasted however at the time of Roman domination, attesting Celsus the pro- sopho epicurean who there was, although diminished by a lot, a so that no one now he recognized it as God (ap. Origen. e. Cels. L.
HI, 26): tovtov ovSssig ìti vo^witfi dsóv. Pal- Lade and Hercules are not lacking on its coins, being the divinity more common in Achèe city: but one epigraph metric recently found in Metapontine territory gives ad to this hero the glorious appellation of king, FANAX (Notes of the excavations 1882 p. 119, 120). Pallas was honored especially with regard to the repar- tition of the fields and yet le yes gives as a symbol equally of Ceres (tab. CV, 14, 15) the agricultural groma (tab. CVI, I). The god Ammon e the son Dionysius protectors of the meal- rizia are depicted on the coins and perhaps therefore there must have been sent by the Metapontini the image of Endymion, to the treasure of Elis (Paus. VI, 19, 8), rather because shepherd than for have he taught the course of the moon. Metaponto had from a side the Casuento river on the other, but further away, the Bradano. The androprosopic ox that vi you can see it on two of his coins not it is the Aoheloo, which in Metaponto it was depicted as a man with le sun bovine horns ; therefore it must say that be the Casuento. The coinage of Metaponto is also made singular for epigraphs affixed to the images, which declare them rano, like yes it is said, but also why they preserve us i names of the artists engravers gods mint. I am names of the of the EAEY0EPIOÌ, AAMATHP, APOAAilN, of the heroes led bulls of the people. AEYKIPPO^, OAPPArOPA?, AfASlAAAAI- àag I am personifications NIKA, hOMONOIA, YflEIA, I am names gods magistrates ASKAAPIOC, BilClOC, of the artists
136 LUCANIA AUSTRALIS T. CU API^T03E(ras), KI/V\nN, HPAKAEIAH?. On the head of Ce- rere loosta he prospectus we read in a didrama ^ilTHPIA, which seems to have indicated public celebrations. Cavedoni opined could have been said fit dialectics instead of SilTEIPA e he attached in comparison the KoQia for Kóga in the hymns of Cal- limaco : but I don't think there's a parallel right. Come on of a didi'amma with the head of Ceres in front, in high bro i stems of ears that they surround her yes law FOSIA. It is doubt if the goddess was like this venerated in Metaponto, ov- true they want each other in in this way indicate i its mysteries that held from kindness for the most sacrosanct e venerable on earth. The monetary system of this one city in age before it is that of colonies achee, that yes composes of unit, gr. 8.20 am, dated third, gr. 2.70, of sixth gr. 1.36, of the twelve- cth, gr. 0.68. Coined then the distance or tetradram of weight of gr. 15.81, e I stater, that can consider yourself like a didrama, finding each other, though late, of pieces of three grams e fractions, i which ones therefore I am half of stater e those of gr. 1.94; 0.77 what do they do with it therefore the sixth e eighth part. The Minervini {Obs. p. 126) opined that the O yes initial of o^oXog on a dime silver from the Sambon collection. But the Sambon, which in the Researches 1863 page 138 n. 21 le gives the weight of gr. 0.82 : it doesn't define then what name le yes must. Well though the son of him in Cat. Borghesi (1881 p. 39 n. 443) the says one mite, e quote the father (tab. XIX n. 8) in the latter Searches. But then in other Catalogue printed in Eoma (1883 page 8 n. 69) the declares god- bolus, and omits every sign of O, while the Sambon father give it to him gives well two: Tele de taureau enter two O. It is therefore clear that the two OOs do not they can in one coin tina of gr. 0.82 note the diobolo, and yet not even the O can say initial of ojìoXog. 20. Coli. Santangelo. Spiga of wheat in relief and /^ETAHONTS R. Spiga incuse. It is that specimen on which one the Avellino read META and PONS and estimated that it was money [of alliance bro two o'clock city Metaponto and Posidonia. 21. Coli. Bourgeois. The themselves types, but the epigraph it is META e vi it is also a locust in relief e al reverse I same insect alike in notable, but a alone outline. 22. Coli. my. The themselves types of the two numbers previous ones, but the epigraph is TETAP with the I^ of singular archaic form. 23. I same types, with the epigraph /^ETA, on side left. 24. Coli. my. Coi types same vi it is al straight one head of mutton in relief a left and ATS'A a d. 25. (Carelli, tab. CXLVII 23,24; Descr. 27,28). Spiga in relief bro two circles R. Acino of barley between two look in recess (cf. Carelli, tab. CXLVII, 11.24pm, Description n. 27,28). This penny weighs from gr. 0.667 at 693 {Car.), from 67 to 74 (Samb.). Cavedoni says that the two circles can of- notice him obols, but you see below. 26. Coli. my. Spiga of wheat in relief and /v\ETA. R. Head of mutton incuse. Of my two specimens, one weighs gr. 1.10 the other gr. 1.20. 27. Coli. my. Spiga of wheat in relief. R. Spiga of wheat incuse. It weighs gr. 0.35. 28, 29. The n. 28, Coli. Dupre'; on the 29th Col. Luynes. Aoheloo pictured of a bearded-headed man with horns and bovine ears, naked and in front, he carries a chlamys called back from the shoulders on arms e pendant, the barrel in the left, a patera in the right: around it reads N0A03A AvPEAOIO. R. Spiga of wheat, on the right. AT3W\, left. locust. In the Luynes specimen the Millingen {Anc. coins, pi. 1 n. 21 ; Suppl. aux considered. p. 1 n. 2 p. 5), which he had it first, e I as he said, he took it for dolphin the letter E of H0AO3A e he read H0A<3>A as he had bed the Luynes (Metap. pi. I n, 13). Not it is therefore there what an imperfection of coinage. But the verse ithyphallic pointed out to us by Pr. Lenormant as composed of three trochei (Revue, 1866 p. 96, 97), find a obstacle new e not expected. The Minervini {Obs. p. 123) quote the published coin from Fiorelli, where the river it is represent- seen with the human body and the entire bull head (Ined. Man. table I n. 10 p. 8), e remember that similar of Carelli (t. CLYIII n. 149). But hey Fiorelli, yes they saw Carelli never one such coin. It it is been like this published from Magnan, e from him he has it taken the Carelli. The Eckhel, which therefore vi he recognized the Minotaur, not others cite, which the predicted Magnan. 30, 31. The n. 80 from a sulphur of Odelli. Bearded head covered of aulopid facing right, above AEYKIPPOS:, at the back of the neck a dog- linen sitting and facing left, a left R. Ear of corn, a d. META on the left, bird hill wings open above one of the leaves of the ear on the right, under AMI. In n. 31 oh it is in the coli, mine, it is omitted the dog and instead behind at the nape of Leucippus yes AMI law, e on the reverse it is MET on the left. and on the right. im lightning.
The Eiccio says he had a similar coin a this one, but with the name «that hey believe of magistrate, HPAKAEIAOY al side of the quick and META al reverse. 32. (Carelli, 115). Head of Leucippus covered of aulopid time a s. A. One ear of corn and above META. On the left side there is another ear for overhang of impressed coinage in part out of circle; up of it it was then imprinted one club for counter brand. Carelli printed n. 115 a didrama with two equal ears e parallel al reverse. 11 Hey {Reperì, p. 72) writes to have owned one coin of module 10, on which straight it was the head of Jupiter barbata e graduated from et al cowgirl two ears and from each side one Dioscorus on horseback and META. Not to me it happened of tro- find neither one nor the other in my museums visited. 33. CoU. Santangelo (Imhoof-Bliimer, Mann. gr. p. 5, 21, pi. A, 2). Head youthful with hint of hair to the cheek: it is aulopid blanket e time to left, his name vi it reads next to it, OAPPArOPAS, behind the neck K. R. Spiga and META: in the lower ONA. Mr. Imhooff-Bl. note that the acronyms K and ONA are repeated on those coins bearing the head of Leucippus, that though I am contemporary: estimate furthermore that 1' one e the other name yes belong to the head that accompany. He also has date the true lesson of this name badly transcribed in Catalogue, OAPPA? APE^?
T. WHO LUCANIA AUSTKALIS 137 34. Coli. Odelli. Head of Jupiter laureate time a d. in front EAEYOEPKOS). R. Spiga of wheat a left on leaf one frog on the right HALF. In another specimen yes it has the head of Jupiter laureate facing right, on the back of the neck a lightning bolt, on the reverse side it is the ear a d. e in a laui'O branch high, and KAA ; a left METAPOIM. n Carelli (tab. CLIII, 94) girdles the head of Jupiter of a crown of oak and law a d. KA : the Pio- relli {Moti. uned. tab. III, 5) opines, that the Metapontini as well ronato represent Jupiter regarding their ethnic origins liehe and Cavedoni notes that it can also refer to the alliance with Pyrrhus e Alexander of Neoptolemus {ad tab. Carell. CLIII, 94). 35. Paris. Gah. of medals. Head of Ceres crowned of ears time a left in front one lizard and AAMATHP R. Spiga di granerà left. on leaf a crab, of below the leaf APXIP e a right crab, APXin a d. HALF. Tab. WHO. 1. Museum of Vienna. Head of Ceres belt of one crown of ears time a d. R. Spiga of wheat on whose leaf it rests a bird: a left METAPON. 2. CoU. Dupre. Head of Leucippus covered of aulopid cristata and adorned with the monster Scylla once e d. : in front of AEYKIPPO$. A. Two ears of corn of wheat, a d. And, in the middle YES. 3. In the coli. Luynes if not preserve im exemplary which brings on straight the head of Leucippus similar to that of n. 2. R. Two ears of corn of wheat, above META, on leaves a left an ant "a d. a locust. 4. Coli. mine. Head of Ceres post of front with scattered hair e crowned of ears. R. Spiga of wheat: a left META, a right bucranium on leaf e of under AoA. 5. In the coli, my lined. Head of Ceres veiled e crowned of ears with pendants e necklace. First AAMATHP. R. Spiga: a d. META e below KAA. 6. Head of Ceres in prospect crowned of ears: in high SlilTHPiA. i?. Spiga, e a s. META. 7. From my imprint. Similar head to the previous one, but the epi- graphic it seems be : hOSIlA. A. Similar al n. 6. 8. Head of Ceres mass in prospect e of a lot beautiful style, to d. AM. R. Spiga of wheat, a left META a d. head of beef. 9. British Museum {Catal. p. 244.591). Head of a woman with hair surrounded by a tapeworm thin, has pendants to the ears and necklace al neck, it is time a s. e le yes law in front hOMONOlA. 10. British Museum {Catal. p. 245.62). Head of a woman once a d. with capes girded by narrow tapeworm get up e related to cervix : below the cut of the neck reads hVriEIA. R. Spiga of wheat and META a d. The Mr. Von Sallet doubts, whether Hygiia let it be name of goddess, such being VAthena Hi/gia (Pausan. I, 29, 1; Vin, 358), or if name of one woman, how APISITH, that he has the coinage is engraved {Die Kunsterlinschriften p. 53). Such a supposition seems strange to me, and more why presumes that the name APISiTH is whole, while it can do a lot good fulfill API4THTOS. 11. Head of woman with opistosphendone decorated of gems with pendants e necklace time to d. In front al face vi yes law A>IIH. R. Spiga of wheat e a left a garnet apple, a d. METAP0NT10(No.) (Cf. Poole, CotoL 256,141). 12.Coli, Imhoof-Bl. {Monn. gr. 16). Head of a woman belt of a tiara on which one I am le leaves of olive tree ed it is le- gato with knot to cervix: on cut of neck it is the epi- NIKA graph. R. Spiga of wheat : a left META, a right a pear. 13. In coli. mine. Head of a diademed woman with pendants in calatisk shape, but not like this understood in the design, and necklace to the left. On the right vi it reads the name of the artist which represented the initial A very large and the remainder of letters in minute Pl?To(HENOS). R. Spiga of wheat e META a d. 14. In coli. mine. Head similar to the previous one: on cut of neck vi we read the same name APISTO(SEN02:). R. Spiga e a d. META. 15. In the museum British {Catal. 247, 74). Third minting of the art- it's the same, whose name AP12:T03E(N0S) it reads on cut of neck. On front of woman here expressed remains an M from a other minted together with some ari- ste of ear: where it is easy deduce that yes the initial of META. R. Spiga and others d. META. 16. In coli. mine. Head of a diademed woman facing right. behind around the neck reads KIMilN name of artist. R. Spiga e on the right (M)AGE. A artist named Eifiav you have it on of some very noble coins of Syracuse (Poole, Catal. Sicihj p. 175 n. 199, p. 176 n. 201, p. 177 n. 208). 17. Head of Ceres crowned of ears a d. R. Spiga: a left META, a d. star. 18. In coli. mine. Head of Ceres crowned of ears time a left R. Spiga a left META a d. the Mantis, insect vol- garmente said horse of witches. 19. In coli. mine. Head of Ceres crowned of ears time donkey. in front HA. R. Spiga, a d. META and YA, left. piss- side, gaming frilillum. 20. Head of Ceres with necklace and pendants turned to the left.
; in front the land surveyor and AAM(ATHP). R. Spiga and on the right. MET. 21. In coli. my. Head of Ceres crowned of ears with ca- skins loose e floating to the cervix; to. AaI. R. Spiga, a left META, a d. plow on leaf e of under MS. 22. In coli. my. Head of Ceres crowned of ears time a left R. Spiga, a left META, a d. bird on leaf, maybe eagle. 23. In coli. my. Head of Ceres time a d. belt wide diadem and half veiled, in front it has the agricultural groma sorious. R. Spiga and others d. META that continue to the left write- I am mistakenly selling PIONT instead of PONTI. 24. In coli. my. Head of woman tiaraed with pendants to the ear a left R. Spiga and others left METAPONTINHN, a d. leaf of cruet. 25. In coli. my. Head of a woman surrounded by narrow diadem
138 LUCANIA AUSTEALIS T. CIV tied to the cervix, with earrings with three stalagms or both drops turn right E. Spiga, e on the right META. 26. In coli. my. Head of a woman surrounded by thinner ribbon anymore times up to the summit, where they are collected hair in a bunch like by xQÓ^vlog. R. Spiga, on leaf that it is a left the top of a frutice, a d. METAPON. 27. In coli. my. Head of a woman with her hair tied up in the opi- I'm wondering about it time a d. R. Spiga, a left METAPON, right. one leaf of oak. 28. In coli. my. Head of woman belt of large diadem turned to the right. R. Spiga, a left (M)ETAPO, a d. vine leaf. CIV table. 1. Maseo British [Catal. page 250, 92). Head crowned of laurel time a d. Sul cut of neck there is written POA e in the Parisian example of coli. Luynes, POAV; behind the back of the neck there is a i.. R. Ear of wheat META on the right. and to the left. one owl that fly. 2. Coli. Luynes. Head youthful with long belted hair of a meander embroidered tiara e decorated by leaves dilauro : below al fn. neck R. Spiga and META a left. 3. Coli. Santangelo. Head youthful time a left of third with hair frizzy e crowned with leaves of ivy: a right vi it reads MOA, perhaps UOhOitOi., creator. The Minervini vi ha read KAA instead [Obs. number page 123 table. VII n. 13). R. Spiga e on leaf a snake, of below 01. 4. Coli. my. Head- surrounded by double crown of olive tree time a s.: at the back of the neck ^T. R. Spiga and MET. Minervini (Obs. p. 124), he says point out clearly that not it's already crown of leaves, but one or two braids of hair that they wrap up around to the boss. 5. Coli. Luynes. Head youthful crowned of graduation time a d. R. Spiga. An example similar of the British Museum (Ca- such. 250, 94) has PAP on the neck cut, and below t. The Poole in the text it reads ^PAY. On the reverse on the right. reads META. That- I'm dissent of the publisher from the drawing warns that nothing yes you can decide, and not even if really vi yes there written. 6. From a cast. Apollo sitting in act of play the zither has of behind the epigraph APOAAHN, a lot worn out, in front of a alhero of laurel. R. Spiga, a left META, a d. locust. 7. Apollo standing standing with a branch of laurel in the right e the arch in the left R. Spiga and AT3M a s. 8. Apollo as it is described in n. 7 but in addition to the bow he has in his hand one more arrow while standing in front of a macaw. R. Spiga, speech is META. The macaw it is more whole in one example of the same- gino cabinet of medals. 9. Head youthful with long hair covered of aulopid without crest time a d., at the back of the neck i. R. Spiga, owl above the leaf, A0A, e left HALF. 10. Head of young Hercules covered with the lion's skin a d. R. Spiga, a left fly, a d. HALF. 11. Hercules standing naked with the club that rests on the humerus of the stro. R. Spiga and META (Magnan, Mixtures, t. III tah. 26). 12. In the Museum British (Catal. p. 243, 51). Hercules standing covered from skin of lion leans on the club doing with the patera libation on an altar that it is a left, m high it is place a skull of mutton. R. Spiga and META. 13. Head of Dionysus son of Ammon with horns of aries turned to the right. R. Spiga and META. It is singular the Duchalais who take this head beardless for effigy of Arne nymph transformed into a sheep by Neptune, her lover {Revue num. fr. 1852 p. 340, 341). 14. In coli. Bourgeois. (Catal. table I n. 423). (Catal. table I n. 423). Five grapes of wheat around to a little globe: in the intervals /«ETAP. R. Spiga and META. In coli. San- tangelo low a exemplary of this number edited from Minervini (Oss. num. t. VII n. 12): this differs from ours in what the epigraph of the obverse is retrograde HATB '^. An example similar to that of Borghesi It's in the museum British (Catal. p. 242 n. 45). 15. In coli. Bourgeois (Catal. table I, n. 423). Head of Er- cole similar to the one described n. 10. R. Spiga, on the right. locust, a left /^AGE. 16. Similar head of Hercules of n. 15. R. Spiga and META. On leaf is a insect. 17. Coli. Santangelo. Apollo with the arch in the left e the right leaning on the back: she wears her hair gathered and tied in the green tice and look at d. standing between two laurel branches which yes fold- gano as for do it crown. R. Spiga e a d. /y^AGE. 18. Head of Pallas with galley Corinthian time a d. R. Spiga, a d. META, a left owl above the leaf of the ear with the wings open. One coin pei types very similar a this one it is engraved by me in the tab. CXXIII n. 25, why instead of META door the name of the Lucanians, AOYKA. But it can well be minted from the Metapontini confederates, before they fell in power of the Lucanians. 19. Owl above a branch of olive tree time to d.; behind Ì.Ì. R. Spiga on the left. META on the right; on leaf the groma land surveyor. 20. Ear and poppy bearing the capsule on the stem without the stems its leaves. R. Spiga and land surveyor : in the lower M. 21.
Head of Apollo graduated a left R. Tripod e a left ear of wheat: in half a HALF. 22. 23. Head of Ceres crowned of ears. A. Two yesHghe e a left HALF. The u. 23 he repeats the same like, but if not distinguishes by one alone ear. 24. Bearded head with horns Aries time a d. R. Spiga bro xm vase with two handles and one owl resting above the leaf. 25. Head youthful with horns Aries time a d. R. Spiga and META. 26. In coli. my. Like described in n. 25 but aimed at left R. Lo same META type, e on leaf one locust. 27. The same type as in n. 26. R. Ercole chokes the lion having from left side the club. II Millingen (Supplem. 11, 2 pages 6), warns that Metaponto is the only city that has pleased him ono- rare say cult the god Ammon. 28. In coli. my. Head of Pallas with crestless aulopid. R. Spiga, a left META, a d. cornucopia.
T. CV LUCANIA AUSTEALIS 139 29. I types they are the same: but the epigraph is added to the obverse METAPONTS ; al reverse there is on the right. the cornucopia (Milliugen, Suppt. pi. 11, 1 page 5). 30. Mia coli. Head of Ceres crowned of ears of corn once a d. R. Spiga, on leaf a plow, a yes. HALF. 31. Museum Vatican. Protome of horse. R. Barley berry and ME inside a square. 32. Coli. Sambon (Minerv. Obs. table VI n. 7 pag. 124 seq.). Head barbata of the androprosopus ox, in front O. R. Spiga and r. sim- uncertain bolus on the right. (Minerv.) and ME. The Millingen {Suppl. pi. 6 u. 2) one needs to be printed similar where the O is missing. But L. Sam- good {Research. 1863, p. 138 n. 21) certifies cbe in his exemplary there there are two and weighs g. 0.82. 33. Coli. my. Three moons opposite a yoke which is in the centre having each in the middle your own giobetto. R. Spiga e AT3M. 34. Coli. my. Head of mutton in relief. R. Spiga and META. Table CV. 1. In Museums of Milan e of Venice. Crowned head of Ceres of ears time on the left R. Ear and a forceps over the leaf. 2. Head of Ceres crowned of ears time to d. therein META. R. Spiga e a left OBOAO^. 3. Hercules covered from bare of the lion supports the left to club and it has the little one in the right; to. one ear. R. Spiga and META. 4. Head of a woman eo the hair folded at the cervix and girded by im diadem time to d. R. Spiga fra two o'clock letters M E on the left a herm ithyphallic. 5. Nude figure with simple narrow pallium on the shoulders, crowned, with caduceus in the left and patera in the d. in front of a dog delabro: a right EY and an O. R. Spiga, on the left OBO^OS, a d. ME. This one figure has no symbol or sign you characterize her as a Mercury, as she declares her the Cave- gifts {Essay, 18). Nor then it's worth it the caduceus alone, which although con- comes to other images symbolic. It seems to me that that- I'm young who seems to be making a libation offering on the altar while he is carrying it the caduceus, symbol of peace, is the Srjixog of Metaponto. 6. Museum of Vienna. Diademed head of a bearded man turning to d. R. Spiga e a left the META epigraph. 7. Medium ox androprosopus aimed at left and METAP. R. Spiga. This they kind of have it also beaten i Turii, as testimony of De Dominicis, who owned the example. 8. Leo current a left in the exergue IT3, that I it seems you can supply HT3n waves an alliance of Metaponto with Petelia. R. Spiga e a d. AT3M. 9. Head of Panno with goatish horns on the forehead facing right. R. Spiga e a left HALF. 10. Head of Apollo laureate time to left R. Spiga e tripod: in half a HALF. 11. Coli. my. Head of Bacchus crowned of ivy time a left E. Spiga, left. META, a d. the land surveyor. This groma It's an X (decussis) used ad indicate the thistle e the deeunianus for the distribution and termination of the fields. 12. Coli. Santangelo. Head of Apollo crowned with laurel. /?. Spiga a e left META, a d. TEIM, maybe TsifioxqetTìjc, why TIMilN here it is written col iota. the. Coli. my. Head of nymph almost aquatic of prospectus with hair loose e lift yourself up around al boss a flourish. R. Spiga a left locust and META. 14, 15. Head bearded e covered of aulopid crested a d. R. Ceres standing in front while leaning on the groma land surveyor: a d. HALF. 16, 17. Pallas armed of helmet Corinthian e of clypeus in the act of throw a blow of spear a d. R. Owl on one ear of wheat turn right: behind META. In another example- plare Pallas it is pure time to d. but dress the tunic short above the cassock. 18. Coli. my. Pallas adorned of helmet Corinthian, e of clypeus in act to electrocute a d. R. Civetta up of one ear of wheat time a left, behind META. 19. Head of Pallas covered with a Phrygian helmet facing right; below Oo R. Spiga e a d. ME. 20. 21 Coli. my. Head of Jupiter facing right. A. Two ears of corn and a griffin a d. ; below META. In the specimen n. 20 there is one alone ear and a groma land surveyor on leaf a left, a d. AT3M : in another specimen of n. 20 you can see it a left a similar griffin flying to d. 22. Museum Brit. (Catal. page 262 number 190). Eagle time to left where in one of mine cast you can see it one crown lemniscate. R. Spiga, a left META, a d. lightning. 23. Eagle above lightning bolt on the right. R. Spiga, on the right. lightning, to the left of ME: in the aforementioned cast it is instead more whole the legend, META. 24. Coli. my. Veiled head of Ceres crowned with ears of corn. R. Spiga, a left.. EY in mon., a d. HALF. 25. 26. Head of Ceres crowned of ears time a d. A. Two ears, in the middle META: in the specimen n. 25 one alone it is the ear, and META is a left An example no. 26 given from Carelli (tab. CLVIII n. 165) door a right of ear META and a tripod, a left the name TlMilN. 27. Coli. Santangelo. Head of Apollo graduated a left R. Spiga of wheat, a left TiMilN, a right META. 28. Coli. my. Head of Hercules time a d.
covered by the strip of knotted lion al neck. R. Spiga and others left HALF. 29. Head of Pallas in front with galley trifala. R. Spiga, META a left, surveyor's groma a d. 30. Coli. my. Spiga and MET R. Tripod e on the left barley grain, a d. swan. R. Spiga and META. The Minervini {Obs. n. 143 tab. Ili, 14]) ne publish a copy with the epigraph META al straight e just a reverse tripod for reason of which one declares it the currency of confederation with Crotone. 31. Graduated head of Apollo time a d. E. Tripod, on the left ME a d. TA. 32. Coli. Luynes. Head of Diana with quiver and bow around her neck on the right R. Two-handled vase, a left META on the right. ear of corn. 33. Head of Ammon with the horns Aries facing left. R. Spiga, on the right land surveyor e on the left META (Carelli, table CLIX n. 164). 34. Head of Faun with horns caprigne oh they pop up on 18
140 LUCANIA AUSTKALIS T. evi forehead, crowned of cane. R. Spiga a d. pyx cartridge case e on the left HALF. 35. Head of Silenus crowned of ivy. R. Spiga and others left HALF. 36. Mia coli. Head of Ceres time to d. R. Spiga, a d. grap- pole come on, a left META almost lost. 37. Juvenile head covered of pileus conical time a d. R. Acino of barley. 38. Head of a woman. R. Wheat of barley, ME e of below TEI. 39. Head of a bearded man. R. Barley grain between the two letters AA E. 40. Head of Faun. R. Wheat of barley e /V\E. 41. British Museum {Catal. p. 261 n. 176). Comic mask. R. Wheat of barley and ME. Table evi. 1. Head of Pallas with Corinthian helmet facing left. A. Three grapes of barley united al center of the coin for one of them extremities: in the ME intervals and a groma land surveyor. 2. Head radiata del sun of prospectus. A. Similar to n. previous ; the symbol varies that it's one torch turned on. 3. Head of Mercury with petasus winged time to d. A. Similar to n. previous except the symbol, that here it is the caduceus. 4. In the coli. my. I busts of the two Dioscores covered by the pileus conical. A. Similar to the precedents; alone varies the symbol that it is that of the two stars, sign of the Dioscori; two o'clock let- tere ME of the name they are together united. 5. Youthful head with diadem winged time a d.: of behind TI. A. Kind of similar to that gods no. 1-4; different though there is none the symbol, that here it's a flower : whence it is deduced that the head winged it is that of the wind Zephyr. 6. Head similar to the previous n. 5, but the wings are on the forehead, not at the temples. A. Similar al n. previous if not that the sim- bolus it is a caduceus. THVRIVM Bro him historians ancient people who they deal of Turio we will give the preference to Diodorus Sicilian what about narrate le origins and i facts pili per minute and better than that the others, bro i what they are to ask yourself what they said have it manufactured Philoctetes e there keep his tomb e in the temple of Apollo be answers le arrows of Hercules from him owned (lustin., L.XX, 1): Tliurinontni urbem he shared P/iiloctetem ferunt, ibique adhuo monumentum eius visilur et Herculis sagittae in Apollinis temple, quae fate Troiae fuerunt. This Philoctetes had worship also in Sibari e in Macalla and we'll see that him yes also attributed the plant of Siri and Petelia. Diodorus he says (1. XI, 90; XII, 16), which having i Sybarites with help gods Thessales remittance in feet in the ol. LXXXin, 2 the them Sibari, then five years after no they were expelled by the Crotonians. They then had recourse to the Athenians i such as in the third year of olympics pre- said (u. e. 308) they did one shipping in them please e they brought back in Sibari i nobles Sybarites. Boss of this shipping it was the rhetorician Dionysius (Plut. in Nicla p. 526) nicknamed Xalxsvg, why had recommended to Athenians the coin of bronze, the which one it was after all, later little time abolished (Athens. XV, 669). The Athenians stood ziarono in Sibari, while i Sybarites yes they were messi to research of land to create a short story city, where second the prescription of the oracle should abound pili the bread that the water. They led with him ten fortune tellers ate- niesi directed by iin such Raspberry, but it was said fidvrig s^ì]yrjTrjg e pfoiyff.ttoAóyog (Schol. ad Aristnph. Nub. v. 331) : a everyone these ten i posterity gave the nickname of BvQiofiàvTfie, yV Soothsayers of Thurio. Raspberry e Xenocritus arrived at a place where there was a fountain call OovQia they said be that the land intended by the oracle : and yet was founded there city, that I called Turio, e the two Indians they had wines the name of xTictgo, founders (Diod. Sic. XII, 10). The year fourth of ol. LXXXIII, u. And. 309, i Sybarites e the Athenians led by Lysias they took you room. Sibari meanwhile it remained subject to Thurio as his emporium, e like this yes you can explain like Stefano could have write that Thurio was first called Sibari, and Varro {de R. R. 107), that Sibari his name was a' his time Turio : Sybari, here nunc Thuril dicunlur. It doesn't no it was far away done, because from Turio there was seen an oak that did not leak never the leaf, like here attests Varro e after of him Pliny [H. No. XVI, 33) where writes: In Thurino agro, ubi Sybaris full, ex ipsa urbe prospiciebatur quercus one no crowd dimitlens. They began i nobles Sybarites a usurp le first judiciaries e le better lands (Aristot. Polit. V, 2 ; Strabo, VI, 1), whence it happened that him Athenians would arise, and put them to death (Strab. VI, 263) they introduced new ones settlers who they landed there in the year 310 (ol. LXXXIV, 1). Sarses therefore in the ol. LXXXV, 3 un new disagreement bro him Athenians of Turio e these Greeks from them ducts a take the place gods Sybarites, a which one gods two peoples touched the honor of that regret, e then he was sent a Delphos why the oracle decide.
Apollo he did them say that he wanted he be held for founder, e the had a fight end. Thurio it was located between the two rivers Grati e the Sibari, but the territory his extended beyond of Sibari up to the river Hylias, where bordered on Crotoniati (Thueid. VII, 35.) Hippodamus ne it was the architect e these divided the city in seven neighborhoods, four for I long and three per I wide, with a square in each of them named by a god or from a hero, to whom it was therefore fa- a temple was built e vi yes preslava cult. The names they were (Diod. 1. cit.) ^Hqàxlsia, 'A(fqodiaiag, 'OXv/imiag, Jiovvaiag, "Hoc-ia, QovQia, @ovQira. It would therefore not be in vain look- dear one confirm of qiieste divinity from coins, le which are silent, with the exception of the Thuria fountain representing felt on a bronze. Hercules, Aphrodite, Jupiter Olympius, Dionysius not vi I am represented. And yet the wine of Thurio it was renowned; oh &ovqh'og twv ev 6vo/.iaTi, oivwv sarCv,, writes Strabene (IV, 164). Turio was in followed reinforced by new settlers. Per year 343 u. e. there were Athenians e Spartans together, not always
T. evi LUCANIA AUSTRALIS 141 perished) I peace bro them: whence it came to pass that the Athenians had the worst in the Sicilian war there were chased away and the air stocracy if it changed in dynasty (Aristot. Polii. V, 6, 8). The city, prospered for everything the fourth century e fifth, de- fingers to the costume Spartan of nourish the hair (Philostr. V. Apoll. Ili, 15), as i Tarentini. In 386 advancing the Lucanians against le colonies Greek, the Turini moved them against (Polyaen. Strat. 11, 10, I), but there were beaten. If not that le hordes of Lucanian barbarians and Brezzii rose with the Samnites against the Eomani in 472 captained the second once by Statius Statilio went allo extermination of Turio, which, as it seems, was dated to the Romans (Liv. Epit. XI). Amazing it seems say that the Lucanians reduced Thurio in slavery e that the Tarentines did there they subtracted. But he in- tends to say of the Brezzii who sacked Turio around 395. However, the Turini unwillingly, being subject to the Tarantines, turned serious to the Komani (Strab. VI, 263): hence the consul Pa- Brieio Luscino took some to large I study the defense and came to arms undid the enemies taking five thousand prisoners their supreme leader Statilius (Val. Max. I, VIII, 43). The Turini they were grateful to the tribune of the plebs Elio Tuberone who pro- poses and he did sanction the law that declared Statius Statilio Lucan enemy e they sent him one as a gift statue and a golden crown : and one statue they also donated in Luscino, which he had them free yourself from the siege (Plin. H. N. XXXIV, 15). The consul placed a garrison to guard the Turini protected by a crowd that settled in the waters close. The Tarentines did they had spite e thrown on each other to the army in part the they then destroyed they sent them people against the garrison that doesn't being more protected from Fiotta abandoned Turio ai Tarentini. They followed so i facts of Pyrrhus e of Years- balk that as testimony of Appiano he moved there the Atel- lani (VII, 49). Finish le wars Carthaginians the Romans they deduced a colony in 561 in territory of Turio in Thurinum acjrum (Lev. XXXV, 9) : this colony taken name of Copy. The coins of Turio not they have nothing of archaic style," they begin al fourth century of Eoma, nor do they bring into the straight other type than Pallas attica ; the bull that can be seen there constantly inside out not it is the repellent of the Sybarites, of the Sirini, e of the Amineans of these beaches, but it can create wonder what keep tradition, having taken the place of owl Athenian. The meaning of voice doveqiog, impetuous, not it is yes indeed of bull what about could ever act as a talking weapon as it seemed to numismatists. No then it's true that this bull be always impetuous, clashing, why us we don't see it rarely go calmly and sometimes in step (see nn. 15-17, 19-21, 24), and is also respient (ib. n. 29). The tetradrachm, with the exception of Reggio and Metaponto, not used in Italy, it was from the Athenians introduced in Thurio. This coin offering a field more it was often wide together with didramas worked by notable masters who vi they inscribed their name, Istore, Molosso, Nicandro. Come on of a rare one didrammo it is imprinted the graduated head of Apollo with the bull on the reverse : this Apollo it is repeated on bronze, but carries on the backhand the lira, as in the coins of Reggio, where it seems yes state imitated, if not is to be estimated a clue of confederation. In a second bronze vi yes you see instead al towards Diana in dress of hunter with torch in the right hand and two javelins lean on your shoulder left in act to mount on for le accompanied flounces from dog. Nor the Jupiter 'OfWQioc, e maybe not even the Boreas, if not it's at no. 6, they see each other on the coin. We know from Polybius (L. Il e. 39) that to the 'Oi.wQwg the Thurii with other ancient peoples they built a temple; and Bliano {Var. hist. XII, 61) writes, that they at Boreas declared to them fellow citizen they built a house and assigned him a portion of land, giving him the supra- name of benefactor, eveQyaTrjg, e him they did sacrifices, why had, expiring, sent in conquascus the army of three hundred ships, that Dionysius the old man led for attack them (ol. XCVII, 3, u. e. 364). However, they held account of Turia source that they represent crowned of cane marshy. V is a bronze with juvenile head graduated e a hair short, believed to be feminine from Sambon, oh he has it perhaps seen in Carelli (CLXIX, 95) like this represented. This one has in backhand a free horse, that jumps. I think it's God- mede, who had a statue in Thurio {Sckol. Pinci. New..X, 2), to whom the free horse is dedicated. To Alexander the Molossian the Turini built a mausoleum as a sign of gratitude, having come in Italy to support it against the Lucanians.
The portrait of this king can maybe recognize yourself on that bronze of Metaponto (CV, 6), that figure a man bearded and col boss surrounded by a large diadem. The artists of Turio not they sign up i their names on the helmet of Pallas as i Veliesi, but on the base of bull, two of they in genitive "idroQog, NixàvÓQo, one in case straight Moloaciog, e bro le legs anterior Evdv{Saiiog); bro le four legs AC§vg. They are names of magistrates, or any dynast, Jàiion-, KQsiav"In7tó(!zQu{tog). They beat the unit, ma- giore e double of it e this unit they divide in third e in sixth parts. The coin of silver n. 31 of weight of gr. 0.47 gave something to think about left to much that the eh. Im- hoof-Bliimer has us indicated what value they have the characters teri of reverse. It is therefore clear that the Thurii divided the e- myobulus in five ounces, each of which weighed gr. 0.10 approximately. The lauded publisher confess of not having a word that expresses these fractions e reject the opinion of Sam- bon, which gives them the voice triletartemorion with which the Attics called three fourths parts of the mite. But yes must notice that the mite of the Thurii it is double, one weighs gr. 0.60, the other 94; the first is divided into six parts, the second in ten. This T we see each other again in the bronze (T. CVIl n. 23) of weight of gr. 1.11-0.97 e maybe will have to also recognize each other in the H digit in mon. (nos. 14, 15) of weight of gr. 4.10, worth of made a hemiobulus in bronze. The Sambon met {Rxherch.'Q. 170) two o'clock third and the twelfth part; the sixth It's also in my collection. One of larger units (no. 21) of barbaric style e lined bears the legend OOVRIil with ending archaic Latin
142 LUCANIA AUSTEALIS T. evi of the genitive plural in o and two equally Latin letters VR. It will therefore have to be attributed and no they will be authors the Campania of AteUa, of Erdonia, who they were transferred by .Hannibal in Thurio (App. VII, 49). Bronze has in before for basic the mite e double e quadruple of the mite, not that le divisions inferior bro le which ones it's remarkable that that door on the reverse a T ini- ziale parmi of tricalcum or yes of fourth part of offering. 11 half bull it is figurative apple the half-ox androprosopus of Naples in act to swim in waters. 7. Museum of Naples (Avellino, R. Mas. Borb. V tab. XLV, I). Head of Pallas on whose helmet is the monster Scylla, who raises the left doing solecchio : on the eaves is a griffin. R. Taurus shocking face a d. above OOYPIilN. I call this bull clashing : I don't mean perb that yes launches full force against the rival, but that you cheat like do it your way of example on coins of war social wounding of horn the wolf that ha below the feet. The Minervini {Obs. p. 48) he says obvious in ours coins of find the bull with le front legs fold back towards the body and with the head lower- sato, or with only one leg front bent. The first attitude I don't know in which coins yes you find, of second, that it is solemn on coins of Thurio, I say, that not it is attitude of a quadruped that swims: well it is own of swimming the move alternately the legs in the water and then having them folded, but in such attitude the head it is high. The bull from Turio apparently yes pose to the fight giving gods shots in the air. 8. Coli. Luynes. Head of Pallas with helmet attic ornate of monster Scylla, e on the dinn. eaves griffin. R. Bull butting face a d. above 0OYPIÌ1N: on strip, where the bull rests, 15TOPOC: on the thigh of the bull is sculpted in mono- EY gram seen the before time and expressed from Mr. Imhoof-Blumer, to whom I owe the advice. It can be read EY rather that YE e keep for name of magistrate. The craftsman of type it is Histor moreover unknown. Here. the Mr. Imhoof-Bl. (Monn. gr. page 7) collects some examples of letters printed in relief on the body of the animal that is placed on reverse. Such I'm H and E on dolphin of Taranto, P o K on the lion of Lycceius, A on the cow of Durazzo, M, A, on the Carcyra cow, A on the Pegasus of Ambracia, to whom examples can be added I' 3 on the lion of Velia, in the col- my lesson (plate CXVIII, 24). 9. Museum of Naples (Avellino, R. Mus. Borh.ì. V table XLV, 3). Head of Pallas turned to d. covered with Attic helmet, on which it is the monster Scylla that throw one stone. R. Taurus similar al n. 8: above GOYPIilN ed EY(t)A: in a exemplary of coli. Santangelo yes law EV(1)E maybe for EVctiP that he has some other example. 10. Coli. my. Head of Pallas with the monster Scylla on the helmet that throw one stone, on the eaves of it helmet Slil. R. Taurus as shocking as that of n. 10, e bro the legs front EYOY, above R: the legend OOYPI0N has been discontinued. In the exergue it is a fish. The Cavedoni conjecture {Essay, 19) of the monster in act of throw a shot of stone, what par- bbe quite a giant, e could say OovQiog. But ai giants that him ancient they pretended anguipedi not yes you know that they have added barking dogs to the groin like Scylla. 11. Head of Pallas: the monster Scylla carries an oar on his helmet: behind the back of the neck of Pallas it is E. R. Toro similar ai previous- teeth; on the MOAO^SOM strip; above OOYPlilN : in- I exergue a fish: the extreme letter M looks like an i to me reverse. 12. Head of Pallas, on whose helmet the monster Scilla raise her left straight towards the front. R. Taurus clashing similar to that gods no. 7, 10 upstairs OOYPIIÌN; of below to the bull within one area AAOAO^^O^; no fish in the exergue. 13. Coli. my. Head of Pallas similar to the previous one n. 12. R. Bull similar to that of the same n. 12 but the name N\OAOÌ- i.Oi in small character it is written on strip where it rests the bull : of above OOYPlJClN : in the exergue a fish. 14. In the Museum of Berlin (Friedlaender, Arch. Zeitung, 1847 ' p. 119 table. VIII, 6). Head of Pallas on whose helmet the monster Scylla carries an oar, and a griffin it is on the eaves. R. Taurus shocking: above OOYPIilN; on base where it rests the bull NIKANAPO:, between i feet of bull one locust. In- I make it a fish. 15. Coli. my. Head of Pallas with helmet crowned of olive tree. R. Taurus going a left bro i which feet it is written AIBYS: of above OQYPlilN ; in the exergue a fish. 16. Coli. my. Head of Pallas similar to the previous one n. 6pm: in front on the forehead a 0. R. Toro going left, above OOYPlilN; between le legs a bird that beats le wings, in the exergue a fish. 17. Museum of Naples (Avellino, R. Mus. Borb. t. V tab. XV, 12). Head of Pallas on whose helmet it's a griffin. R. Taurus gradient a left of soiH'a OOYPljQN ; in the exergue a fish.
18. (Carelli t. CLXVII. 27). Head of Pallas with winged Attic helmet time to d. /?. Taurus clashing crowned from Victoria: in- the ergo GOYPljQN. 19. Head of Pallas with crowned helmet of olive tree. R. Taurus an- dante in step: above GOYPIilN, in exergue two fish. 20. Coli, mia: coin lined. Head of Pallas with helmet co- olive ronato. R. Bull going to the left. : upstairs OOYPIIIN, between the legs A, in the exergue a octopus. 21. In the Museum of Vienna. Head of Pallas with helmet crowned of olive tree time to left e of barbarian style. R. Taurus going a left, of below in the exergue im fish, upstairs OOVRlil with mixed alphabet e flexion of genitive plural in 12, how the archaic Latin. 22. Coli. my. Head of Pallas with helmet adorned with the monster Scylla. R. Taurus clashing a left Above OOYPIilN is OPA (OP in mon.), between the legs SAT: in the exergue one sword in scabbard, that it is equipped at the bottom of large plate in the way of crispello. The handle spine ends in the apple : has one peak for handle guard, e to the sheath yes you see knotted a lace that ago from balteo to suspend the weapon from the humerus across of the chest and for girdle it ai hips. 23. Coli. my. Head of Pallas on whose helmet it is the monster Scylla with hair loose ed bristling: it is human in shape up inside
T. CVII LUCANIA AUSTKALIS 143 guines, whence yes two stand out dogs ending in one alone tail of pistrice. A. He had received this piece in recess the footprint of one head galeata when le yes he printed in relief the bull clashing face a d. : of above OOYPIilN, in the exergue a fish. 24. In the Munich Museum. Head of Pallas with crowned helmet of olive tree. E. Taurus gradient a left, above OOYPION, in- I make it a fish. 25. Head of Apollo graduated once on the right R. Taurus shocking: in- the exergue (O)OYPIXIN e between a tripod (Avellino, R. Mics. Borb. V tab. XLV, 1). 26. Coli. my. Head of Pallas covered of helmet attic surrounded by degree aimed at r. R. Gradient torus left. above 0OYP1, bro the legs T, in the exergue fish a d. 27. Head of Pallas similar a that of the n. 26. R. Taurus coz- zante face a d. above OOYPlilN, in the HPA exergue. 28. Coli. my. Head of Pallas with helmet winged time on the right, from- boast the land surveyor. R. Bull butting on the right. crowned from Victory ; in the exergue OOYPlilN. 29. In coli. my. Head of Pallas with helmet crowned with olive wood. R. Bull going to the right. and responsive to left, above OOY (Ve- say one similar date from Minervini Bull. burn. nap. III, 9). 30. Coli. Imhoof-Bl. Head of Pallas with Attic helmet girded with one crown olive, time a d. : above this type it is scol- pito in relief a T. R. La P digit inside to which a T, then of under OOY. It weighs gr. 0.47. 31. From one of mine cast. Head of Pallas with helmet attic time a d. A. In the middle the digit P with inside a T, upstairs MY, of under OOY. Mr. Imhoof-Bl. ha given in reverse of these two coins 30, 31, this explanation [Zur Miinzkunde Boeotiens, und des Pelopon. Argos, 1877, p. 57). The digit P with T means five T, but from that T does not find for now a proper word in fractional divisions, MY is the magistrate's initial, OOY the name of city. 32. In coli. my. Two half moons brought together on the side with vessa e around OOYP. A. The same kind of two moons but with four small globes (cf. Piorelli, Mon. ined. table 11, 14), which should probably be five, being one of the little globes out of coinage. Table CVn. 1. Coli. my. Head of Pallas time a d. covered of helmet attic adorned with the monster Scylla. R. Running bull on the right and look from the perspective : above OOYPI.0.N : between the legs of . AAMXIN bull, in the exergue a hot torch. It weighs gr. 34, 50. 2. Head of Pallas with helmet attic ornate of the monster Scylla. R. Bull butting ; above OOYPIilN, in the exergue a fish. 3. (FioreUi, Ann. di numism. 11). Head of Jupiter crowned of graduation face a d. R. Aquila ad wings explain above the lightning: a left OOYPIHN. 4. Coli. my. Head of Pallas with helmet attic decorated of monster Scylla face a d. Come on of this bronze is repeated in countermarks the image of Pallas that it helps of type. R. Taurus clashing, bro whose legs rear I am le letters in initials of a name (cf. IriTioarou, CVII n. 12,): in high yes reads OOYPIXIM, in the exergue it's a fish. This magistrate Ifl he tapped another number of silver that brings the same two letters. 5. Museum of Naples (Avellino, R. Mus. Borb. V tab. XXX,4Ì. Graduated head of Apollo. R. Bull butting aimed at left of above QOYPIilN, in the exergue a fish. 6. In the Museum of Munich. Head of Apollo belt of degree. R. Diana hunter with two javelins lean on to shoulder left, and one torch in the right; she has a short skirt, ankle boots ai feet e the quiver on the right humerus going with quick pace accompanied by a dog : a d. OOYPlilN (cf Avellino, R. Mus. Borb. V tab. XXX, 8, where the ago- retra is omitted). This bronze is wrongly cited by Cavedoni in Closets (p. 234) and in the notes at works by Borghesi {Oeuvr. VI, 401) for example of a type similar to that of Diana àiitpCnvQog, i.e. that carries a torch in each hand ed it is in robe long, which one you can see it on the currency of P. Clodius son of Marco, waves confirm the opinion his, that the surname Turinus you indicate be he original of Thurium, while the Bourgeois I he says of homeland unknown. Of course the Diana of Turio it does not have that do nothing with that of Clodius. 7. Coli. Santangelo. Head of fountain Turia crowned of cane and with pendant wings ears turned to the left, right d. OOYPIA. R. Taurus clashing a left in high ISTI in the exergue a fish. In another example the field is surrounded by a crown and on the bull it reads the name fi ARMS. 8. In the Museum of Naples (Avellino, R. Mus. Borb.t. Vtav.XV, 11). Head of Pallas with ornate helmet of a hippocampus. R. Taurus clashing a d., above OOYPIilN, in the exergue a fish. 9. Graduated head of Apollo on the left, behind the?. R. Lira e around OOYPIilN, of below s:nH initials of two names Sm, H (cf. il n. 14). 10. Similar" head of Apollo. R. Tripod e around OOYPlilN. 11. Coli. Saint. Head by Diana a d.
with quiver at shoulders e pendants to the ear. E. Apollo standing with lira in the left e patera in the d., a left KAEilN, a d. OOYPIilN. 12. Coli. my. Head of Diana with hair buckle up on look- vice and quiver al neck. R. Lo same type of the previous one, but a sin, reads OOYPIDN a right HIPPOSTPA. 13. (Minerva. Obs. 1, 11). Head of Pallas with helmet attic surrounded by a crown of olive tree. R. Taurus that goes right e turns back the head, upstairs OOY. The Cavedoni ha noticed that this coin was attributed by Carelli to Sibari (tab. OLXIV, 20). It it is instead of Thurio, as yes hands- party from the epigraph, oh which could not be read from Carelli. 14. Museum of Naples (Avellino, R. Mus. Borb. V tab. XXV,7). Head of Pallas covered of helmet Corinthian time a d. R. Bull butting on the right. of above OOYP, in the fflSSilOI exergue, initials of four names Aq, Icr, Sm, $(. 15. Museum of Naples (Avellino, R. Mus. Borb. V, XXX, 11). Graduated head of Griove time a left R. Winged Lightning: of above OOYPlilN of under Th in mon. 16. Museum Kircherian. Head of Apollo graduated time to left R. Lightning winged; above OOYPIilN of under Th.
144 LUCANIA AUSTRALIS T. CYII 17. (Fiorelli, Mon. ined. II, 2). Graduated head of Apollo time a left, behind the nape of S. R. Cornucopia, a left 2X1 a d. (J)l and 0OY. 18. Head of Apollo graduated time to d. R. Horse free in race to d., of above 0OY, of below AS""" in mon. (Avel- linen R. Mus. Borb. V tab. XX5, 9). 19. Head of Pallas with helmet vaulted attic on the right A. Half a bull in n. 19 face a left e around OOYPIIiN. 20. 11 same type that in the previous one, but the medium bull it is aimed at d. and around it reads OOYP to him. 21. Head of young Hercules covered from the strip of the lion. A. Half a bull face a d. In similar number edited from Piorelli {Mon. uned. Ili, 8) vi reads GOY and ^D.. 22. (recreili, Mon. ined. II, 13). Head of Pallas with helmet attic time to d. A. Two moons opposite and in the OOY field. 23. Coli. Imlioof-Bl. (Zur Munzkunde Boeotiens und des Fur- ponn. Argos 18-77 p. 58). II straight it is similar to that of n. 22. R. The letter T in half of the two epigraphs HEY of above, OOYP of below to line crossbar. The weight it is of gr. 1.11-0.97. 24. Testa- di Pallas with helmet attic time a d. R. Head of ox in front with the infulae hanging from the neck : upstairs OOY, of below star. 25. Similar to the previous one ; but al reverse the infulae of the bucra- nio are omitted: of above it reads OOY, of below EP. 26. Head of Pallas a d. with helmet crowned of olive tree, R. Pro- toma of beef a d. ed epigraph OO. COPY From Amazing we learn that i Romans they sent iuTuriouna them colony that they called Copia (Strabo, VI, 263). This assertion confirms the text received of Livy who says he decided in 560 to deduce it (t. XXXIV, 53) in agrum thurinum, but was deduced in 561 to caslrum Frenlinum. (Lev. 1. XXXV, 9). Mommsen thinks so {H. de the w. Ili, 188) and Millingen opines that Copia was not deduced in the city of Turio, but in the countryside, and it gives the reason to see it that Turio is always mentioned then (Considérat. page 229). I appreciate it that doesn't yes was deducted from Thurio, e furthermore that this Copia did not have a long life, and therefore that Turio yes may his name be resumed with life. A This is how I'm led to think not only that seeing that we talk about Turio afterwards the 56 1 but what by the ancients we are silent of then of this one Copy. Pliny not no he speaks, and neither the author of treaty de colonis: and neither Antonino's itinerary (n. 114 page 52). But Ci- Cerone and Caesar nominate Thurio in the countryside turino and Cosa in in whose place Pliny writing of Milo poses Castellum Caris- sanum (11, 57); whence one might say col Cellar [Geogr. p. 719, which the name of Copy had gone in forgetfulness. The coin you have from Copia is bronze, rare, and from the system semuncial ; the ounce is still missing. Its paleography believes of the archaic alphabet the acute U, which is used together with the L normal, which it is state already noticed from me on the coins of century sixth [Sylloge, page 42 can. 9). The first issue which ends with the semisse, does not have the names of the magistrates ; these they see each other registered only in the second. They are all noticed with letters solitary; nor could we say whether one or two they are people, and if vi yes is added also the degree and the here- judiciary authority. That's right the case of the semuncial axis Roman, above which is the epigraph L P D A -P (Burgeois, Oejtur. I pages. 878; Obs. III). Here though it opens it up for us the intel- diligence finding one time the truncated entry AID, i.e. Aedi- lis which is also useful to confirm the interpretation of the A P proposal by Borghesi. By here there we also explain the Q which must indicate the Quaestor. What then there are two the builders e two i commissioners although indicated col alone name of family, becomes clear from seeing the exchange of site of two letters, now reading U • C now C • L. Give him broken let's move on to the axes that give us two Q epigraphs • P • L • L No eAA-C-M-D-L-Q-, where the comparison makes us aware that in the second equally as in the first the Q is valid Quae- stores. The semuncial-like system does not prove how some falsely they are affixed, that these coins are placed back to 665: why how much to weight of the pound le colonies they were free to adopt what they wanted it was appropriate. The types of the obverse they portray those of Rome, except the semisse, that brings an image of the Copy in place of head of Griove. 27. Two-faced bearded graduate with the sign of the pound on the vertex. R. Cornucopia; a left COPY, a d. half moon. 28. Museum of Vienna. Head of woman a d. covered of veil e crowned : behind S sign of the semisse. R. Cornucopia, on the right COPY, a left the sign S of the semisse. 29. Coli. Saint. Two-faced bearded graduate with the sign of value, which is the pound, on vertex. R. Cornucopia a d. COPY e a monetary token, a left Q • P • L • U • No (11 Catal., 5179, in end of law M). 30. Coli. Saint. Two-faced similar to the previous one n. 29. R.
Cornu- copy between a club a s. and a branch of laurel a d.; COPY a left AA-C-/V\.D.L--Q. 31. Head of a veiled and crowned woman facing right. behind at the nape of the neck S R. cornucopia a d. COPY, a left U • C • Q. 32. Head of Pallas covered of helmet Corinthian time a d. Behind i four globes, signs of trient. R. Cornucopia a d. COPY a left with four globes, the epigraph C • L- Q. In another specimen it reads like above, n. YES, U • C Q. 33. Head of Hercules with the skin of lion time a d., behind three globes. R. Cornucopia a d. COPY a left U I- • AIDS, in low i three globes. 34. Head of Mercury with the petasus winged, behind two small globes. R. Cornucopia, a d. COPY, a left C • U • Q e the two globes. 35. Head of Mercury with the petasus without wings. R. Cornucopia, a d. COPY, a left U-U-AID. AMINEI No doubt that the second letter '*'\ is a mu, not a M, San Dorico. But it remains still that you have to think about a people, the whose name begin come on initials Ami: ed I I think that they are these him Aminei, gods which ones Philargyry he says on authority of Aristotle, that they were Thessales and fri- black to Italy where they transported le screws that they had from them
T. eviri LUCANIA AUSTEALIS 145 men of aminees (Yirg. Georg. II, 97): Amineos Aristotelcs no Pohjticis scrtbit, Thessalos fuisse, here suae regions lives in Jtaliam transtìilerint, atque illis hence thereomen impositum. What these Aiuinei they took room in the Great Greece yes can argue from Hesychius p. 74 : 'Aniraioc say éròg v ozrog, »J ycig IlsvxsTia 'Afiiraìa Xsyi- Tcti. Then yes they all said those vineyards in which the aminea vine was cultivated (cf. Plin. H. N. XIV, 4). In this meaning it's called Aminea the vineyard of a citizen of Petelia who in his will leaves the usufruct of it to the Au- enjoy them (Or. S67S): QVA/V\ VINEAW\ VOBIS AVGVSTA- LIBVS IDCiRCO DARI FLIGHT QVAE EAST A/V\1NEA. The anti- who doesn't son agree to assign the place ai Peucetii: this region writes Pliny (III, 16) it was called then Mes- know e Calabria in Salentino only ; others though they ask it between Bari e. Taranto. Perecides points out the Peucetii in breast ionian sr ìoviro zó/rrm, and Hecataeus attests hey they confined take the Oenotrii ìdroQ roTg Oi'torgioie noodexé:. It can so to think that the city of the Amineans themselves between Metaponto, Bari and Taranto rather that between Taranto and the head of Leuca, where according to the Harduino Macrobius places them, if he corrects himself Salentum in place of Falenium. But I believe Macrobius really meant Falernum where yes he cultivated the lives aminea a his times {Satwn. II, 46): and where he therefore estimates that they lived the Amineans: Amine grapes scilicet a region: nani Aminei fuerunt, ubi nunc Falernum east: e ad any way the Peucetii not they passed i borders of Brindisi ed it is rather true that theirs soil it was called in part Salentino, placing Pliny the Egnatia in Salen- vat (II, 140). 36. Coli, by Luynes. Taurus in relief that going a left yes turns back and it seems that he is looking at one grasshopper that him yes it's posed on the rump : in the exergue ^ '^/Q. R. Lo same type included with the epigraph itself in relief in the exergue. The Luy- ne in the list that he sent me of its coins he attributed it by conjecture to Aminula Apuliae vel Amiternum. It it is the same specimen that was once seen in Koma in 1845. 37. Museum of Vienna. The type it is I same that in the pre-number assignor, e the epigraph, though worn out, too studied good it reads the ^/K come on two sides. P. Eckhel he published it and described (D. n. v. I, 161) also quoting the Magnan. But the The epigraph was not well read by him VAA, and the coin was attributed incorrectly a Sibari. Which attribution it is duration e it lasts however (Fiorelli, Mon. uned. II, 12). 38. Museum of Xapoli. Third exemplary of the currency described n. 36. Still here the epigraph it is i'^f\. It is been published from De Petra, how if was of city of Asia in Bruzii. But you see this that I have said in the Civil. cat. quad. 698 page 226 following SIEIS It was fame that in lands of Enotria live come on Caoni e come on Grioni and wet from Siri e from Sibari was landed Pilottete with Troiaui, how in Sibari, e had you founded at foci Siri city of the same name troica Siri et al home river (Arist. de p. VII, 10 : Strabo, VI, 264). This tradition it is remembered from the University (Dept. 523): ^Toiv ìjì' ttqòìzoi. xaxrjayov oh ànù TQdi'ag èXd-óvTsg. In Siri they took of then room about the ol. XXIV i Colophoni of Lidia fleeing the domination of king Gyges (Strab. L cit. ; Herod. I, lA): rrjv Av3mv àgz'}'' f^vvavoi. Cù'approx the ol. L i Sybarites with Metapontini e with Crotoniati le they waged war and earning they destroyed it. However, it was deserted when Themistocles he remembered the oracle that he had ab ancient enjoined to the Athenians to lead a colony there. Siri taps currency incuse divided fourth in his own name and in confederation^ tion of Bussento. This Buxentum is not the one founded by Smieito in the year 2 of ol. LXXVII, 283 u. And. (Diod. Sic. L. XI e. 48, 50), everything to more. late in the year 287, that is, a 103 year old after the destruction of Siri. It is therefore convenient to deduce that Smieito did not found, but led a new one colony in that city, that is that the number of Siri does not precede the year 287 how he concluded the Eckhel. In T. Livio it is said that the Romans were given four ships give it Urites, ab Uritibus. Yes it is searched who they are Hi/rites, these guys like this powerful at sea. Mine opinion yes is that they are these i Sirites e which makes it necessary to correct Uritibus into Siritibus, come on which ones the Komani could have le ships, why Siri returned standing by the Tarantini in the ol. LXXXIV, served as a naval vessel for the Heracleans. Table CVIII. 1. Museum of Naples. Bull that going, turns back, in field above theW. A. The same type included. It weighs gr. 2.57. 2, 3. Coli. Luynes. The type already mentioned on the obverse e al reverse included, the epigraph is double: on the obverse it reads MOM^I^M and in some specimen MO^jqW: in reverse PVtOEM i.e. tVT how in n. 2. Soles excess weight the gr. 8.00.
STBAEIS How many do they have written of city of Italy attest (he says Pausanias VI, 19, 6), that there was a Sybaris where it is Lupia time: 'Onotioi TtsQÌ 'Ivaliag xal noXéiav STTQayfióvrjffav zàv ev avzfi AovTtCag (do it xsiiisvrjv BgsvTsaiov zs fisza^v xal 'YSqovvtog jiszalls^XrjXsvai ro ovoi^ia, ^v^agtv ovaav tÒ c(Q%càov. Antonino Liberal {Metam. e. 3) attributes ai Locrians the foundation of a Sibari near Temesa : AoxqoI nóliv iv 'iTaXia 2vflccQiv sxtidar. The third Sibari that it is the one we are dealing with was said that they had founded it the companions of Pilottetes (Schol. luvenal. VI, 296) : but it arose in year 4 of ol. XIV, u. e. 33, founded by the Three- zenii e by the Achaeans (Arist. Polit. V, 3 ; Solin. e. 18) with- learned by a Is (name maybe whole) of Elice (Strabo, VI, 263). It it was site between two rivers, one called Sibari, the other Grati namesake to the river of Aegae, whence yes they were parties (Herod. 1 145). After a few years the Achaeans expelled i Trezenii (Arist. Polii. V, 3). Sibari prospered for a long time e grew in power so that he submitted four po- poles and twenty-five city. There they were though such discord inter-
146 LUCANIA AUSTEALIS T. CVIII stine bro the plebs e i nobles, that these were forced take refuge in Crotone e ask to those citizens help. So it was come on Crotoniati done one shipping in the ol. IXVn an. 3, or in LXVIII an. 2 (u. e. 243 or 247). Sibari it was yes vast that touched for five hundred stadiums le shores of the two rivers the Crates e the Sibari. It it was taken e destroyed e to lose it memory vi they did pass of sojjra the Crali. Those 'Sibarites what about they were the survivors went to get dere room in Lao e in Seidro them colonies (Herod. VI, 21): Millingen adds Posidonia {Consid. p. 7) and quotes Herodotus : of that doesn't vi is mentioned in this writer. Of a a lot injury suffered by the highly celebrated Sibari the citizens of Miletus they heard deep pain and no they did a great job mourning, not only because they were at par of their Gioni of origin (Herod. 1. cit; Diod. exc. Vat. p. llDind.), but also per- what they were in great league commercial providing from Mi- leto of those very thin lane (Ap. Tim. Athen. n. XII p. 529 Schweig.) a lot celebrate (Plut. Aì.cib. p. 197 ff.). Meanwhile i nobles Sybarites who they were they went to Crotone to put back standing the them homeland led by a Testi- I go (Diod. 90), from Thessales (id. Xtl, 10), fifty- all years later that theirs city it was been destroyed (ol. LXXXII, 1: u. e. 301). In this one Sybaris had just been five years, ed here it is that the Crotonians they forced them to par- tirne. So they they begged help give it Athenians, that they sent one colony the year third of ol. LXXXIII (Diod. XII, 10), the which he took precariously room in Sibari, having to go in looking for land, which was that where they manufactured Thurio (ol. LXXXIII, 3 u. 307; God. XII, 10), e vi yes they established by calling you apart i nobles Sybarites. The conduct of these in Thurio it was such, that ob- they obliged the Athenians a get rid of it a year later (Aristot. Polit. V, 6, 6): then i Sybarites, or alone, or according to cuni (Strab. VI, I, 14) together with Eodii, they moved to the banks of the Drawer today said Trionte, where foundation they were one Sibari that it was the third of such name in Italy. This lasted up a that the Brezii with many other Greeks colonies they destroyed it in the ol. CVI, 1 (u. 398). This song of history where i Sybarites receive in Yes- you cheat one colony Athenian it is escaped to the Ecthel et al I- nerves (0$s. page 130), the one of which would like that i Yes- barites retained their ancient name before assuming the new of Turio and they fought with the Sybarite bull and with the name of Sibari : and the other, that the Turini retained the type from the beginning sybarite and they struck with bronze coins and silver with the Sybarite bull e the epigi-afe GOY belong a Thurio. Sibari coined col its own type, but on the obverse he placed the head of Pallas attica and he worked the most recent paleography SYBAPl. This story must serve us distribute the coins sybarites in two series assigning them to two eras different. At the first series we will assign the incuse e double ones relief that they keep the ancient alphabet: to era second that begins from the LXXXII Olympics, 1 (u. 302) attri- we will darken those coins that they carry for type of straight there head of Pallas attica and they use the most recent alpha- beto (Plate C. VIII a. 23-26). Apparently so that since this year the Athenians did not they are states strangers to co- lonization of Sibari, however Diodorus speak alone of one more Thessalians who have it refounded. The coins of confederation of Sibari with Lao, that is of Posidonia with Sibari they belong to era before which ends with the oil. LXVII a. 3, or LXVIII a. 3 (u. 244-248). The coins incuse I am front to ol. L, in which Siri was destroyed, which sun incuse has minted : but Buxentum that it reads on the coin of Siri can't be Buxentum by Micito founded in the year 2 of ol. LXXVIT, when i.e Siri it wasn't been put back again give it Athenians, that vi they went in the ol. LXXXIV, or it must be said that the foundation of Micito or Smicito was only one new colony that there was deduced. The system monetary of Sibari in the two eras of incuse coin e of the double relief coin it's the same. They beat i Sybarites I stater and the third e sixths of stater. The great trade that they did i Sybarites with Miletus not has had no influence on doing anything yes that they minted their own coin silver second le divisions smaller than the major unit that in Miletus had gr. 10.59 a 10.90, dividing then in half, in thirds e sixth parts, where Sybaris in the a system double equally important as that of the incuse coin beats the largest unit of gr. 8, 21, 29 a 7, 22, e divides this one in third e in sixth parts. 4-6. Coli. Santangelo (Minervini Bull. arch. I, VI tab. HI n. 1).
The type it is I same that that of the Aminei e say Siri, the repellent bull. A. the same type incuse. The legend in didramas it is VM, e it is seen in the exergue or in the field above the bull. But in n. 4 vi can be read above NSKA, that seems to me vi it is instead of the Flying Victory in act of crown the bull. The name of city is omitted. In mine exemplary that I have expressed al n. 5 it reads on bull the name MWA scratched a doubled line. 7. Coli. Luynes. Taurus gradient a left, in the VM exergue e in the field upstairs of the BAPS bull. The Luynes in the Catalogue of some coins from his collection, which I have by his hand, continue the legend bustro faith IIAflVM, but there it is in end the part lower of the S angular. 8. Come back the bull respite that he has in the exergue the legend VM. 11 peso of this n. 8 it is of gr. 2.67 e yes they have him broken inferior correspondents. 9. 10. These two numbers bring on the reverse an amphora incuse e the first weigh gr. 1.32 ; the second 0.66, i.e the his half. 11. Coli. my. Respite bull on the right, above VM. R. Acorn with his chalice, e a left AAS. It is one confederation of Sibari with Lao, the which like, the acorn, you can see in the exergue of Lao currency (Plate CXVlII, 4). This coin can be been minted at most lard in five years that de- they ran after the regret of Sybaris (301-306 u. e). 12. Of this number, that doesn't yes was seen later the Magnan if not from Minervini {Bull. arch. nap. t. VI, III, 5), I don't
T. CVIII LUCANIA. AUSTRALIS, BRUTTLA 147 I will desert the two specimens to me known. The first one I have here engraved is in the Luynes collection. Taurus on the left repellent a d., in the exergue V/V\. A, The first letter of the name in large size M a which it is inscribed the second V : on top in the field it is a K. The other exemplary it is in Museum of Vienna, but not vi it reads the K, and neither in what it is described from Poole {Catal. 284 n. 13). 13. CoU. Luynes. Taurus face, on the right above Aav/V\. A. The same type of bull, but face a left (Minervini, B. arch. nap. 1. cit. p. 3). 14. Coli. Santangelo. Neptune, that moving the step hurls I'm shot of trident: a bird flies before him: a left AflVM. R. Taurus face a d., in the ASV/A exergue (Minervini, Bull. arch. nap. VI, III, 3). 15. Neptune who throws a shot trident a d. behind of him aVAA. R. Taurus face a d. crowned from Victoria. 16. The same type as n. 15 but a left of the obverse we can read it VM e the epigraph itself it is superscribed al bull of reverse. It is in the coli. my. The earth on which one the bull walk is represented by one series of glohetti, which however they are not to be taken as signs of value. 17. I types they are the same ones of n. 16: but in straight bro le legs of Neptune yes you see written VAA and in reverse the series of glohettini that appear the ground does not it is superimposed to Unea as in other coins, yes vi it is submitted. It is in the coli. my. 18. Neptune launches U trident a d. I am in the field vestiges of legend. R. Bird inside a crown of laurel. Similar a this number yes it is that given from Avellino with read- genda I/KIB'JA around to which I have lost the time in my first job of 1844 believing it could read HO^JA I explained for archaic name of Alern. (Salernum). 19-21. Similar nummo, but in the straight of n. 19 the legend is vanished, in no. 20, 21 yes law flVM a d. of Net- tuno, and in the reverse the crown is omitted. What class does it belong to? they leave him birds that are seen there depicted in character it's not different easy to define. Therefore I it seemed useful affix le variety, where le their forms they are more distinct. 22. Head of Pallas with helmet attic time to d. R. Taurus a d. respite, on the left. in the SYBAPl exergue (Carelli, T. CLXIV n. 12). 28. In the British Museum. Head of Pallas with helmet attic time a d. R, Bull face to the right with head down: upstairs SYBAPI in the exergue fish (Catal. p. 280 n. 32). 24. In coli. my. Head of Pallas with helmet attic time to d. R. Taurus a d. respite, a left in the SYBA exergue. 25. CoU. Santangelo (Minervini, Bull. VI, HI, 4). Head of Pallas with helmet attic graduate. R. Head of bull time a d. around SYBA. If he has one exemplary in Museum British. {Catal. p. 280 n. 35); weighs gr. 0.19. GEOTON Tradition said that Crotone dynast of Corcyra was the first founder of city, a to which he gave his name: it was also called {Schol. Theocr. id. IV, 32) that of the two sons of Aeacus, Alcimo founded Corcyra, and Crotone the city of the same name. Narra- vases again of Hercules who came in Enotria at the time of this Crotone ed hosted from he a day inadvertent- mind I killed. Then a comfort of desolate family predicted that would arise there ima city which it would bring the name of Crotone. The story then tells (Strab., VI, 262; VIII, 387) that the year third of ol. XVII the Achaeans conducted by Miscello they came a settle down in this one earth for oracle had from the Apollo of Delphi : to which Ar- chia that he was gone with the Corinthians to found Syracuse (Strabo, VI, 262; Pausan. III, 2; Suid. sub. v. 'Agxt'ag, MiaxsX'log). Grli Achaeans of Laconia expelled by Polidoro king of Sparta and led by Miscello they were looking for room ; but Pausanias (1. cit.) attributed to Polydoro this shipment together with that of the Locrians Epizephyrii. This one city grew rapidly in power and wealth, he tapped copious coin, on which he took the tripod as a type fateful, thus recalling historical tradition, and nevertheless he reported to Hercules, who therefore calls OIKISTA^, i his na- such. She was famous for his athletes and prospered by being governed nare come on Sanhedrin Pythagoreans. The time came of luxury e brought with decadence in customs or in the strength. Coming back now at the time of his greatness, she left from before age when it minted incuse money had allies le city he noticed with these initials: TE, MV, lA, PANAO, DA, ME, KAVA, 9, 1/V\, VUI, OP. Clear e they are undoubted Pandosia, Sibari and Caulonia: the same can be said of VU ed l/V\ because the name and the insignia of the rooster assign them to Himera. But how much to acronym TE not I am you agree the numism- tici, giving it some in Temesa, others in Terina. It seems to me that the YOU yes initial of Terina, because Temesa shortens to TEW\, not in TE.
Nor is it worth that on the coin of Crotone yes find for like a helmet Corinthian, which is also taken for guy from Temesa: why the Crotone it is devoid of crest, e that of Temesa has it: then in the coin of the table. CIX n. 6 if the YOU was state intended for Temesa it was natural that yes would write on the helmet of the reverse and instead it is seen repeated there the 9PO of straight, assigning themselves to YOU together with 9PO a place of straight; which would not be easy to explain races, if truly the helmet is YOU they were one sign, the other symbol of Temesa. Le initials DA I am been read PA by Minervini but not finding any city that could bring them yes it is face a tell her initials of the name of a magician layer. But Crotone in this era and always then not gives us examples of magistrates inscribed: hence we deduce that the ^ilTHP of a bronze placed above an eagle that is being eaten of a serpent is the name of Zevg (Cf. AIO^ ^XITHPO^ in num. Agrigen., pr. Eckhel, D. n. v. I, 193). How much al delta of this alphabet it is sometimes a lot similar to rho, but on coins of Crotone well if not distinguishes prolong gazing the auction vertical of the rho of below beyond to the curve that they say hedgehog. Like this it is of specially done in the world neta of 9PO not nAN-0< ; as we see it again in 19
148 UGLY T. CVIII epigraph brought on tab. XI of the News of the excavations 1881. The DA it is out of doubt Dande that yes he said Zancle sin to a lot that in the ol. LXXIII, 3 Anassilaus not he changed them the name in Messina. News this is very valuable for- that gives it derives the determination of these first con- federations crotoniesi badly so far confused with those of age rear. There is a coin with types of tripod in relief that in the exergue inscribes lA that is AI (34, 35). It is opinion of Minervini who must make up for it "lagov, and yet means a didrachm coined for offer sacred. But, for- what that theA can admit such a supplement and meaning, it should be equipped of his spirit harsh HA, e then r example of HAPON TO APIO engraved by hand in other didrama proves that similar consecrations they had happened dudes and not subjected to the coinage of mint. Not it is then ar- duo know qual city be concealed in the two letters lA if you want look for it outside of the peninsula in the neighbourhood Yes- cilia where it will be easy to find the ATON, today Pati, above a didrachm glue legend lATON (Poole, Catal. Yes. p. 77 n. 23), confirming us in the proposals relationships of two city the epigraph IM of a another number that open- mind there points to IMEPA (Supplementary Table CXXV, 15) the qual name doubly yes he wrote or with the spirit now without {Ca- such. cit. 79, 32-34). We must not omit the nummo that to the legend 9PO joins on the reverse VUI (n. 21) name brought for a certain time from the aforementioned Himera, nor that which pairs at 9PO the epigraph retrograde OP which a reason of like that it is the crab could be called Punic of Sicily of any Phoenician island of Lilybaeum (MuUer, Num. afr. Il, 181, 182). Other confederation yes it's the one that in a didrama it reads expressed hill startsK AAE. Believe the Minervini than this is Mesma: I, on the other hand, am convinced that it It's Metaponto pel comparison that I can do of something else didrammo where to left of straight reads 9PO to right META (Table CXI, 1, 2). Must in this middle age sima place the league of Crotone with Sibari and with Pan- Lucanian dosia (Tab. CIX, 1, 2), e the one with Caulonia (Tab. CIX, 6), which coin in my opinion it has lost the the- silver mine that it covered it and being unlined it was ed it is nevertheless believed of age in what Caulonia, a which yes attributes, coined the bronze. The league with these city must be ceased in ol. LXX together with Sanhedrin Pythagoreans. Then another if not he did in the ol. LXXXII (u. e. 302) in which not in Crotone was granted exclusive pre-eminence rjysi.iovia, as in before, but it was an alliance limited to only Cauloniated e Yes- barites (Polyb. H. II, 39). This one had a lot similarity with the archaic and settled at the temple of Jupiter term ò[iÓQiog (lambì, alive Pythag. 261). But we haven't so far tro- vata no coin that ports the names of the two confederates. Not we can therefore recall the league with to this era Sibari that it is expressed over an incuse coin whose cessation sation given by the ol. LXX, when Sibari had still been destroyed. In the fourth century when the league had been established in a way of the Achaeans in the which one each other they held the co- I send le three city Crotone, Caulonia e Sybaris, this one Yes- Bari couldn't be other than the founded one to the banks of Tractor. In this century fourth there will have been others le- ghe but we don't find the memory of it on the coins, if any except only that itarated with the Metapontini certified to us from a didrachm engraved in the tab. CIX n. 37. Now, however, I have a new didrachm with types metapontines: head of woman diademed R tripod, a d. ear (cf. la tab. CIV, 21), a left 9PO. It is so one confederation of Crotone (doing i Metapontine types e in part crotoniesi le old of the name) with Metaponto. I Cro- toniati not they use of inscribe the name of magistrate on coinof silver hence the only name that vi yes law BOI, BOlìKOY it must be of the artist engraver de- minting (Tab. CI, 12, 28): we will attribute the beginning to the number of mintings ziale B (ib. n. 36), which yes it is bed up of one of they. Bro i types of silver there is that of the eagle. Yes he knows that the tripod was between two eagles golden of uncommon size : waves Pindar he says that the python of Apollo sat bro him birds of Jupiter : x^vaéu>v Jiòg ÒQri%(or tzccqsSqoq come ha Millingen is well noted (Consid. p. 17). That eagle flies now a right now to left; and this too is explained by recalling the tradition remembered by the Scholiaste of Pindar {Pyth.lY, 6, 7) of the two eagles launched by Jupiter in flight opposing parties around the earth with equals speed, le which having lost themselves treat a Delphos they demonstrated that there it was the middle, and therefore they posed in temple one white stone with above of it i two birds (Strabo IX, 419, Schol. Pind. Pijth.
IV, 6) e le they gave it a name by o/ixpaXog. The Esaro river vi it is represents tate with long hair e ringed to cervix. There is one coin with head youthful a which they emerge two horns from the forehead ed it is belt of a crown of ivy. In front of you yes niXO law: I I have it bound to tab. CXXV bro le coins of attribution erroneous. Crotone in the first age follows the system of colonies achee: does not divide the major unit in two parts, but in third, sixth and twelfth: in the second age when he changed in K the primitive 9 mint a major unity, which divides in half e in sixth. Yes it is opinionated that i Crotoniati mark- seriously, e so too the Metapontini e the Locrosis the them offering of silver e of copper by half of initial O. Indi yes it is deduced that the two O's denoted two obols. I own two coins with types of the tripod from a side e the epigraph 9PO on the other : al I face a flying Pegasus e of below 9th of the weight of gr. 1.20. From this one differs the second only in this that the Pegasus only half of it appeared in it front : and yet it has of below the two O's : its weight it is of gr. 0.61 : waves you can see it that regarding weight e of half Pegasus must be one half of the other. Now if the O it is the initial of a mite we would have two obols that a reason of half Pegasus or of weight of gr. 0.61 would- drink half of a larger unit which would therefore be a gr. tetrobulum 1.20, and yet the offering should weigh gr. 0.30. Also Locri gives us in a dime a god with O and al I throw my head back of eagle of gr. 0.41 ; e in another the fu-
T. eviri BKUTTIA 149 mines between two O's, e al reverse the eagle and two O's of gr. 0.66. We would therefore have of here to deduct a offering of weight of gr°, 41 and a offering of gr. 0.33. Then it would turn out that also the coin on the table. CIV n. 32 weighing gr. 0.87 it could not have had a single O as seen in the unique exemplary now known. In the Posidonia coinage there is a piece with the types of Neptune on one side and ROSEI on the other col type of the ox, on which there are two O's. In my three specimens the weight it is of gr. 0.75 ; 0.50 ; 0.25. Which doctrine would have the serious consequence that the offering in Crotone and Metaponto and in Locri it weighed half the common weight and more than there larger unit would consist of grams four. But the mo- netation of this one city giving us the one piece twice as much heavy of the other and nevertheless everyone marked of the two O ne convinces that the opinion of the initial o of o^oloq has no how support yourself. There are some Crotone coins that bring a new one cipher and have it in common with the coins of Thurio. These are from silver and copper. Silver ha the head of Pallas and at the end towards a P with I go in a T (Table CX, 13). A similar one coin of Turio known to me from several not years yes it was explained bro us: but the oh. Imhoof-Bliimer gave some of a good interpretation recently {Zur Munzkunde Boeotiens und des Pploponnesisches Argos 1811 p. 57, 58) propose- I know that there they are indicated five T like value of coins, although then confess that not you know say qual yes the Greek name corresponding to cift-a T: its weight it is of gr. 0.47. Likewise in bronze yes it has one coin with a star from a side e on the other one club, a bow e a d. three T united to basic them (see the table) : weighs gr. 3.65. By here we learn that even the small bronze of- you could see it plus T and the comparison we can make with one silver coin of Turio that on the reverse it has this three- plice T and it weighs gr. 0.28 we deduce that he owed you be still in Crotone. Now being the mite silver in Thurio ordinarily of approximately gr. 0.60, then it turns out that the tri- plice T it's really a hemiobulus; and therefore that the mite it was worth it you are. This deduction leads us to conclude that the model neta with five Ts concern a unit divided into ten parts and yet a offering divided in ten ounces of silver, and since this half of five weighs gr. 0.47, its unit ne do- it should weigh 0.94. n bronze began ad be coined in Crotone al- the final period preceding it the change in alpha- beto, of which there are only three examples only in three types different, of weight from 7.00 grams approximately. Then it begins the series of the bronze that brings the new al- fabeto e this it is however uncial, but it seems divide into half e quarters, then in eighths the which unit lower weighs gr. 1.40. In this series yes it has the coin described so- Practically brings i three T and weighs g. 3.67 easily reducible regarding the weight to be considered as the bronze hemiobulus, which would result in Crotone composed of six ounces of less or yes casts. n Mr. Imhoof-Bl. ha refurbished discoveries the fis- know what sense yes have this T. Nella tables calculated- nor Greek the T has double sense, second the place where it is placed, and now it means Tcà.arrov, now TszaoTrjLiÓQior, sup- placed the Attic silver offering worth eight casts, that is of ten. It has the value of a fourth part of an obol in the table Greek colatoria (see Bull, napol. a. 11, table 6, and HCTX therein). In the Roman weights I find it in sense of uncia, TIMI, that is, a- hello quatuor e perhaps upside down j_ as a sign of ana- logo to figure of the L which has such meaning. But the best prove that the T does not be one initial of word, but one figure of value mi comes from the comparison of the coins of Ca- merina, in which the analogous sign of the three units is expressed with three globes joined by means of lines in this way : , j., then consists furthermore that the straight line is an equi- valiant of little globe in the expression of a value. No be an example the samples of weights, where ten small globes are worth gono ten pounds, and where le three ounces I am mean with three globes and together with three lines proving the weight that yes deal of ounces. 26. In coli. my. Tripod e a d. 9^0. R. Lo same type but included. 27. ColL Tirelli Tripod e a d. 9i>0. B. Elmo aulopid without incuse crest. Minervini (Bull. IV tav. V n. 1 p. 49) estimated that the helmet indicated Temesa, and therefore this was a coin of confederation with that city. 28. I same types as in n. 26 but in straight a left there is a crab, a d. 01?. In reverse that it is included a d. OI9 a left YOU in relief. 29. CoU. Luynes. Incuse coin with the tripod and the legend 019 a d. a stork reiterated over a didrachm of Agri- people double relief.
The stork recurs more times in coins of Crotone, why with his crucify ago the sound of the first syllable of Croio. Publius Syrus he called her crota- listria (Petr. Satyr. 55) as if imitated the sound of rattlesnake, and Ovid [Metam. VI, 97) wrote about Antigona cam- biata in stork, that yes he applauds col crackle of his rostrum: Ipsa sibi plaudit crackling ciconia rostrum. 30. In coli. my. The type it is that of no. 29 : there is in straight also the crab a left e 019 a d. But in the reverse a left we have 0^9 e a d. a dolphin. 31. Coli. my. I same types, col crab e dolphin that al n. 31: in straight where it reads 910 and in the reverse where it is written 9f9. It weighs gr. 2.50. 32. I same types of n. 29 hill epigraphs (^PO YOU: in reverse are missing the symbol and epigraph that they are in straight of the predicted number. 33. Paris, Gab. of medals. I types they are: Tripod bro Ima stork e the epigraph 9PO. R. Tripod included ed in- I'll be back imprinted a maid epigraph HAPON TO AflO. The Eaoul-Eochette {.Mém. of numism. p. 34 table III n. 24), he explained 'Isoov Tov 'AjióXXuirog. The Avellino [Bull. an. VI p. 91 T. IV, 1) he read included above high-a coin e he supplied haPOS AflOlNog, sacred ransom. 34. 35. Museum of Vienna. Tripod 9PO e in the exergue Al. B. Tripod in relief and 9?0. A similar number was printed by
150 BEUTTIA T. CIX Minervini, whose straight n. 35 I I reproduce. It's one confe- deduction between Crotone e lA. But what will this be? Not there is cities in Magna Graecia that begin with these ini- ziali; in Sicily, yes, where the coins they bring the epigraph lATON col type of cock indeed of the Himerians (Poole, A Catalonia of the greek coins in tho British Museum Sicily, London 1876 p. 77, 23) e col type of a woman that stands for do the libation up of a macaw lit: in- the exergue ATON. R. MOIA13M1 and a young man dismounting from a running horse (ib. pages 79, 35). These are two coins cited by Salinas, but he does not have them read in the second one TOM (Revue numism., nouv. serie IX, 1864). Terone defeated i Carthaginians called in help from Terillo left Imera al his son Thrasidius. This deduced a colony there of Dori in 278 of Eoma, ol. LXXVI, that vi yes he maintained for fifty-eight years, i.e up to what in 845, ol. XCII, 1, it was destroyed by the Carthaginian Hannibal and never no more resources. In his stead the Carthaginians built another city two years after in little site distant, and believe that these they have it named in their language I. This one belief founded on the epigraph lATON combined with the type of the rooster is held from those who read up of some coins le letters pu- niche tzitz that they esteem correspond to Hague. Others though e I am i more, they have proven that the letter taken for an aleph is a tzade instead e the epigraph must therefore read- gersi tzitz (Muller, Ancien Afrique Suppl. page 50, 3). Therefore omitted this threshing floor or oh what it is been suppository, I I respect, that in the coin with double legend of Himera e from the side cited upstairs it is from recognize an alliance bro Imera e lata, e though far from admitting on coin a double name of this city, I judge lata be from Imera a lot different. The type of rooster, observe the Muller (loc. cit.), if it is main of Himera, is also found imitated from others city: without of what the name lATON replaced a that of Himera on a coin, which has i types of Himera it may well explain themselves for a confederation among this city e that gods 'Iszai', that dorically yes you can be said 'laraL Of this city the Cluverio talks about it in two places {Sicily, page 270, 331), e quote the Crazy one, which note oh this Serbian city today the his name: latum hodie dictum oppidum: waves it is deduced that had to one time to have written "^laraf, how the river that le it flows from feet, said by Ptolemy, ^adic, or as an estimate the Cluverio (loc. cit.) 'lari'g. 36. Tripod e a d. 9POTOK. E. Eagle that fly a right the which figure it is a contours detected on of a fund included. 37. Tripod e on the right OP9. R. Eagle flying left on background included in contours detected. Table CIX. 1. Coli. Luynes. Tripod, and on the left. 9P0. R. Taurus a d. repellent a left included in the VM exergue. 2. Coli. Santangelo. Tripod and others d. 9P0. R. Toro on the right repellent a left in incuse rectangle, and the divided epigraph PAN above Oq of below. 3. Coli. mine. Tripod a left the stork a d. 9P0. R. Tripod in relief a d. There is graffiti in an archaic retrograde character AIXOA. 4. Museum of Naples e in mine coli. Tripod a left, vase a two handles a d. 9PO. R. Tripod in relief, a d. candles- wrasse a left bA name of Dande or both of anterior Zancle to the ol. LXXI when it was called Messana by Anassilaus. This bA yes it is from Minervini [Oss. number p. 140) PA bed, and yet him it seemed, that vi yes should recognize the name of a magistrate , although not yes easy find comparisons.. Ed ha reason , indeed in the age a which belongs the mo- neta they don't use i Crotoniati name the monetary magistrate such. To me that, pel easy swap in this one alphabet of rho col delta, it seems you have to here read Da, non è arduous finding an alliance between Crotone and Dande, 3>I>IMAQ. 5. Coli. Imhoof-Bliimer. Tripod e a left OP9. R. Eagle that fly mass of prospectus. 6. Coli. Saint. Tripod on the left Oq9, on the right 3T. R. Aulopides without crest e of under OQ9. 7. Coli. mine. Eagle above a capital ionic with a necklace around the neck clue of consecration, above 9POT. R. Tripod a left grape of barley a d. 9POT : in the ME exergue. Not L'Aquila is to be put al reverse of the nummo, because equal of tri- pode come on Crotouesi it is removed due to rappelleaute coat of arms theirs origin, the animals that they dedicated themselves to the gods they were leave free in the atria of temples e in the woods sacred, and why no brought them away or would kill them they were distinguished with al- cuni signals that no they would notice the consecration. The it is therefore that from neck of the eagle hangs a tape. ' 8. Coli. Santangelo. Tripod e a left Oq9 a right maybe a grape of barley. R. Young naked what's going a d. waving a branch : ha in front a itself a deer that stay still and from behind the epigraph OAYfìD. Confederation currency between Crotone e Caulonia.
From this bronze nummo argued the pr. of s. George that Caulonia does not was destroyed of everything come on Campania {Med. Italian Greek deluded, page. 1 f.): to this sense- tence Marincola follows {Opusc. of St. patria pag. 48). Me I consider this bronze like unsheathed coin of art- people : I am inspired by the periatum or grain that surrounds the coin, of which they are completely deprived the bronzes of this Crotone. 9. From a sulphur. Tripod, and others left an ivy leaf on the right. 9P0I R. Aquila a left above the head of a deer e repellent ad. (cf. Poole, Catal. 68). 10. British Museum {Calai, n. 67). Tripod a left 9P0 a d. a twig of laurel. R. Aquila a left placed on top of one head of mutton, e repellent a d. 11. British Museum {Catal. n. 70). Tripod, a left 9P0, a d. twig of laurel. R. Aquila on the right. repellent a left standing above a architrave, ed ha in front a d. one head of goat. 12. Coli. my. Tripod from which the sacred infula hang ; and from a branch rises next to him at his feet of laurel. R. Eagle that yes rises up and bears the inscription BOl(ZKOY). V the no. 28.
T. ex BEUTTIA 151 13. Tripod e a left 091 a d. one ear of wheat. R. Octopus. 14. Coli. my. Tripod left ivy leaf on the right 9PO. /?. Octopus. 15. From a sulphur. Tripod left 9PO. R. Pegasus on the left. and below 9. In coli, my weight gr. 1,10.11 Siimhon {Recherches ^. 193) confuses of sure this piece col following, when him assign two OO. 16. Coli. my. Tripod and 019. R. Half pegasus face and left. of under two O weighs gr. 0.80 of this half of Pegasus not speak the Sambou and neanolias the Mommsen H. de la m. Year X, 1 p. 308). 5-7pm. Tripod, g;. Hare that runs to d. between two rims O O. weighs gr. 0.01 in n. 17, which is in the Museum of Vienna, left. of tripod I am tracks of letters P9, in n. 18 a d. of tripod there is an ear of corn of wheat. In a similar number of British Museum there is on the left. of the tripod an ivy leaf on the right 9P (Calai, p. 348, 60). In n. 19 the two circles are missing. 20. Tripod and 9PO. R. Crested aulopid. 21. Tripod and 9PO. R. Callus gradient on the right. above on the left the epi- graphe VVi that is lAA. The UV name or NV or VkV yes find above the coins which they have as a type the rooster : sometimes there are two names together Imera and on the right. Hyl, as in that of British Museum (Poole, Calai. 77, 20) which reads 3MIH e of below in two lines V>IV. But these two names they say, an alliance between the Himerei e him Hylienses of Illyricum. 22. Tripod e a left 9PO. R. Crab that he has of above two circles e of below le letters '\0. These two letters re- they run below the same type of the crab in fe- coins bronze niches, that doesn't you know to which cities must be assembled gnare (Muller, Ancien Afrique. 11 p. 178, 181,182). Sene they still find of those oh they bring for like a big bull dient (116 nos. 13, 14). Moreover, it may also be the case that this is the case wide belt dia- dema with two grifi that they concern themselves : ha pendants to ears and a necklace al neck: around KPOTilNIATAN. R. Hercules sitting on a stone covered from the strip of lion with a little in the d. In field of above the arch e the club. 2. Cabinet of medals. Head of beardless Hercules dyad- mata turn to d. R. Civetta turned to left standing above one ear of wheat : on the right. KPO. 3. Cabinet of medals. Lightning, a d. KPO, a left tri- pode. R. Horse braked in race to d. 4. Head of the Esaro river laixreata before AlìAPOì. the?. Pegasus in race to d., of under KPO (Avoli. Op. t. I tab. I, 3). 5. In coli, mia (Kohne, Finfzig ani. Miinzen. Taf. 1 n. 14). Head of Pallas crested aulopid blanket vaulted d., of above KPOTil. R. Hercules wearing the bare of lion facing right. he leans on the club : in front it reads OIKISTAS: in field a left A .11 Cavedoni (Spie. num. p. 21) he opined that the figured head in this nummo was of Crotone founder of city; but not he noticed that the long ones ca-
152 UGLY T. ex skins at the nape of my neck they are knotted from no ribbon, that it is alone own of women. 6. Coli. Giorgi in Ferentino. Bare head perhaps of G-juno of forehead with hair scattered and rich necklace. R. Ear of corn e KPO(T)nH. 7. (Piorelli, Mon. incd. 11.5). Head of Pallas with aulopid time to d. R. Clava in the middle of K P and two stars. 8. Coli. my. Head of woman with pendants and necklace, turned to the right, before KPOTH, at the back of the neck a twig of laurel, of which remains one leaf. R. Hercules boy who strc^zza i two snakes. 9. (Minorvini Bull. arch. V, IV, 11). Head of Hercules covered of bare of the lion time to d. R. Clava, on the right. one weak- cola lit, a left KPO. 10. Head of Hercules similar a that of n. 9. R. Club and bow KPO and two stars (Carelli, tab. CLXXXIII, 29). 11. Head of Silenus time to left R. Tripod e stork. 12. From one of mine cast. Museum of Munich. Lira. A. KPO in co- rona of laurel. 13. Museum of Catanzaro. Tripod between two letters K P. R. Two letters P T in mon. It weighs gr. 0.47. 14. Tripod (KPO). the?. Half sign H (Minervini, V, IV, 10). 15. Coli, my (cf Piorelli, Mon. uned. II, 4). Head of Pallas with helmet attic time to d. R. Gallo aimed at. and behind 9PO. 16. Museum of Munich. (Piorelli Mon. uned. table I, if cf. Then, Greek coins 1862 pi. III , 23). Tripod e a d. 9PO, a left one leaf or apple. R. Octopus. A these three bronzes issued in time of the first alphabet must aggregate that oh Valentini print in the day nal said the Calabrian (Cosenza 1843, page 50) ed it is de- written from Marincola (Opusc. by st. homeland p. 119) like this: Galley crested with visor a d. e therein 9PO. R. The letter K in the middle to a square. Br. 8. Not I would know subscribe true at Marincola, that this K yes initial of Crotone; because it in this same coin it is written col 9, e in the previous coin it retains the same spelling also al reverse. Rather the I will say initial of Caulonia. 17. Cast sent to me from the Marincola Museum of Catanzaro. Tri- pode e a d. 9PO. R. Running hare a d. of under a 9. 18. Museum of Catanzaro: cast of the same. Coli. Santangelo. Head of Hercules with the lion's remains facing right. before KPO. R. Tripod and on the right. EY. L. Sambon (pi. XXIV, 32) law in- instead of the TPI, the Hedgehog TEM. II Minervini prints an example plare from coli. Olive where EY is missing, that was seen, he said, from the first publishers. 19. From a cast. Head of Pallas facing right, facing KPO. R. eagle time a left repellent a d. cutlery on the prey that it's one head of deer: a right on the eagle TPI. It weighs gr. 25, 86. 20. (Carelli, from Magnan tab. CLXXXV, 52). Tripod e a left KPO. R. Eagle above a branch of laurel. 21- (From Magnan il Carelli 49). Head of bearded Hercules with bare of lion time on the right R. Civetta and around KPOTH- NIATAN. 22. (From Parisis the Carelli tab. CLXXXV, 50). Head of Hercules young with the stripped of lion and below the neck a branch of laurel. R. Colonna Corinthian between one club and a patera: around KPOTilNIATAN. 23. In the Museum of Catanzaro (cf. Carelli, tab. CLXXXV, 55). Club e a d. KPO. R. Arco and to the left. TEA. It's an alliance with Terina. 24. Head of Ceres crowned with ears turned to d. A. Three halves moons pull over on the side convex with each of three letters KPO in the part concave. 25. 26. 25. Museum of Vienna, 26. Coli. Imhoof-Blùmer. Astro ad eight rays larger e as many minors. R. Clava ed bow, KPO and connection of three T. In a bronze of Came- rina (Poole, Catal. Sicily p. 89 ai three tau I am I know- established three globes likewise together joint come on lines. If this comparison it's good done, we will have to de- lead, that also the T it's a note of value e not one initial. Of course in weights Romans the ounce, twelfth part of pound, yes find signified with a T (see the mine article: Weights of bronze e of lead in the Civil. Cat. quad. 810, 1884). The first n. 25 weighs gr. 3.67; the if- condo n. 26 gr. 3.15. 27. Coli. Saint. Head youthful diademed time a d. in front KPO. R. Lightning in the hub with two paterae. 28. Coli. mine. Head of young Hercules glue bare of Leo: upstairs AION, in front H. R. Eagle that he has bro him ar- limes one snake: behind KPO: in other exemplary the snake le yes revolt against a mouth open. The Eckhel with all he's right written (0. n. v. 1,260) that this AION it is name of a magistrate and not of the tyrant Dionysius. In one example plare of M. Brit. vi yes law the name AYKilN {Catal. 356, 113). 29. Tripod e stork. R. Eagle time to d. e repellent a left e KPO there. 30. Head of young Hercules with bare of lion time to left R. Crab e under KPO. 31. 32. Coli. my. Diademed head of Esaro river. R. Ful- mines star and KPOTilNIATAN. In the one and in the other example plare vi it reads the name of the river AI^APOS:. 33. Eagle standing above one head of mutton time a d.
of behind KPO and a star. R. Lightning between two half moons. 34. Coli. Santangelo. Head of Young Hercules time a d. R. Eagle with a snake bro him claws that le rises against. 35. Coli. Saint. {Calai. 6448). Head of Hercules young covered of bare of lion a d. R. Eagle and K . . . T. 36. Museum of Catanzaro. Head of Hercules a left in front KPO. R. Eagle that you make food for a snake, above SlilTHP. A this number ago comparison one from Agrigento, in which on the eagle which rests on lightning it is written AIOS Zil- THPOS: (Eckhel, D. n. v. I, 193). In fashion which seems certain that the 2:P.THP of the currency of Crotone let it be the name of Jupiter (cf. the coin of the day Galaria, Poole, Catal. p. 64 51370?), the which is represented therein Vostentum, or prodi- josa of the eagle that devours the snake. 37. Coli. Santangelo. Head of Pallas with helmet attic time a d. n. Owl and KPOT.
T. CXI UGLY 153 38. Collect mine. Head of Pallas with helmet attic how in n. 33. A. Two half moons conjoined from part with- vessa e in the KPOT intervals. 39. Head of Hercules the Bearded e covered from bare of lion a d. R. Clava between two stars. 40. Coli. Santangelo (Catal. 6452). Head of Hercules young covered of bare of lion. R. Eagle time to d. and re- clever a left behind KPO, in front T. 41. Minervini, Obs. tab. VII, 15, page 141. Octopus e KP. R. Council. It was already published from Piorelli but private of legend {Obs. tab. II n. 12 p. 67). 42. Lightning and two stars. /?. Club and T01N. 43. Head of Young Hercules time a d. B. Clava, star and to the left. KPO piinervini, BuU. to. V tab. lY n. 12). 44. CoU. my. Similar head of young Hercules bare glue of lion knotted under the chin. R. Clava e a left KP. CASAKIUM Below the name Casarium pongo a coin that has for types from a side the astragalus, on the other the deliìao. The epigraph from part of the astragalus in the oldest coins it is KA that is K, in the most recent it reads entirely OIJIA^A)!. The Cavedoni (in Carellii tab. CV page 43) left uncertain if it were to be read KASARIO or RIO KASA, but he corrected the Avellino, that he read (/*. vet. num. p. 77 n. 302) RIO KAIA. Second his opinion the word is composed by KAS pel which meaning yes puts it back al Boeck {C. the. gr. I pages. 613), e of APIH in which voice he believes yes occult the name of Arion the citado, lived a long time in Taranto (cf. Eckhel. I, 148), to qual city it seems he at- pay tribute the number with the KASAPIO epigraph which leaves us uncertain whether it should be read A^fl>l01S or OIJlA^fl)!. To the city itself the Eiccio features a coin with legend e types in part of- verses {Reperì, p. 52) : oyster or seafood and around AZAKKIO. A. Man on horseback to the dolphin on the left. with trident in front TAPAS:. Where you can see that the astragalus was judged by him to be an oyster, e he incorrectly read AZAKKIO. But himself then record two more coins that describes like this {Repert. 1. of.) : oyster or fruit of the sea and around OI5IA^A>l. R. Delfino e circle with embroidery elaborated and A. E quote the Carelli, from which one takes it away. Then describes the second {Repert. p. 100).- now od object unknown similar a that attributed in Taranto col 0|{1A^A>I. 7?. Tripod. This second coin it is from him assigned to Crotone. Valentini published one dissertation on this coin, in- titling it: De middle talus irter voees KlO-AZAK in number TarentinorvAn coelato. He therefore attributed it to the Tarentines, e divided the word in two voices, le which he esteemed that we don't show- strassero the mint. New of everything it's then been the opinion of Piorelli, than publishing the Catalogue of Coli. Santangelo, where the example, which belonged to Msgr., is preserved. Capecelatro archv. of Taranto, ed it is given in the drawing from Carelli (Tab. CV n. 45), on page 58 I assign in Crotone e as for the epigraph he claims that the letter after the >l be an A e the > for error of the inci- sisters yes been badly placed, thirdly having to read KAAR:0S nickname of Apollo (Paus. II, 2, 8) distributor of fortunes, to which the astragalus alludes. He further adds that the Avel- linen e the Carelli didn't see the tripod above of which vi it is re- beaten a dolphin with tracks of letters vanished: nor le usual initials 9PO, and indicated for A what it is the right corner of lebete. Such I am i opinions gods numismatists around at coins carrying for type of straight the astragalus e the name Casarium. Now I'll say the my opinion around to the two specimens seen and studied by me, and outlined and engraved in plate no. 1, 2. n Piorelli saw clearly and noticed that the specimen of the Coli. Saint. it was reverberated, appearing there the superimposed dolphin to the tripod: he knew also read almost vanished slightly genda 019, I will add I from side opposite the epigraph AT3IV1, whose last element it reads in one of the two specimens very much clear and certain, and therefore he was portrayed in the drawing engraved by Carelli. Le two legends belong to the earlier coinage and must be joined with tripod ; we therefore have a currency of alliance of Crotone with Metaponto. Qual type the obverse of the coin had before to receive the astragalus with the name Cheesemaker so far not we can guess : not having remained no trace in field : but probably it will be state yet there the tripod. Sure is that the epigraph belongs al second coinage, that gives a side figure the astragalus, on the other the dolphin. It is therefore a Cheesemaker city that counters a coin of Crotone, and, if Eiccio is happy to see duto, even a coin of Taranto, but not it's ne of Crotone nor of Taranto. Eitengo the name OI51fi^A>l per genitive sin- gular of second declension in dialect Doric od wind power.
The word Greek that more him yes pull over it is a derivative of Kàoa, EaGavQci, scortum, i.e. KaawQsTov e Kaaavqior. You- nendo not to this last one we will find other difference that of mercy dialect of which Vav exchanges with Va e with the kv and both with the o), like Avkog and ^iìXog, nqàxog and nQàrog (cf. Ahrens de dial. dar. p. 185; de dial. aeol. page 102-104). Stephen of Byzantium has noted by name of place the EaGaosTov e quote Aristophanes, in codes of which reads Kaaavqioiai (see Berkel. in notos p. 450). What the nooreìov, place of prostitution, have given a name to one city, we can believe it. Casoria and second le cards cited by Giustiniani Casauria {Encore. geo^r. HI pages. 271, 272) city of three in four miles distant to the north of Naples, may have probably had the itself origin. In addition to these coins replied Casarium ha own coin with themselves types and the epigraph KA on one side, while there reads from the other FIM. The Duke by Luynes KAR misread and PIN e attributed it to Carbina in the aforementioned catalog that I have. The name FIM it is in my opinion the initial of Himera written with the wind turbine in place of the aspirate H. Crotone had yet it is an alliance col people of Himera. This alliance of the two city with Imera, e the alphabet wind power which Casarium uses, they persuade to pose Casarium near Crotone and to remove it from Tai'anto. Table CXI. 1. Museum of Vienna. Coin struck over a didrachm of Crotone of which remains the track on the reverse of the tripod and the epigraph 9F'0. Its second type is the abstract galo and around OI5IAM>l. R. Tripod, first guy, e al side
154 UGLY! T. CXI left AT3M. It is therefore clear that the first type demonstrates ima confederation between Crotone and Metaponto e that this mo- neta was then retorted by an unknown city called Casarium. 2. Coli. Sautangelo. Similar to the already described n. 1. In the law genda of the reverse you can see it clearly the letter A, that only is outlined in the previous edition (Carelli, tab. CV, 45). 3. Coli. Luynes. Astragalus and K.A. R. Delfino e of below FIM. It is an alliance of Gas him with Imera, in what name the aspi- installment H gave in the place at the digamma wind power. 4. Coli. Luynes. .astragalus. R. Delfino and below K. The Mionnet must have had a number similar in which straight he saw the astragalus, and on the reverse side a shapeless incuse square {Recueil, pi. XL, 6) inside crown of olive tree. PANDOSIA Ai borders of Lucania towards the Brezzia it was one city on the river Aciris indicated to us from the tables of Heraclea that he had name Pandosia (Mazzocchi, Tab. Heracl. p. 104). There is a coin of confederation between Crotone and Pan- dosia where this city is represented by their respiente (Tab. ex, 2). This type is not known to have been used by the Pan- doses of Brezzia, as it appears from mine tables ; it seems therefore that Pandosia of Lucania near VAolris is that with which the Crotonians they made an alliance expressed in the two names e two types of money. But there it was another Pandosia on the river Crati and near the river Acheronte today called Arcinti, which Livy and Pliny say it is of the Lucanians, thus calling them cogli authors, come on which they transcribed, the Brezzi that from ol. CVI they owned it. This one it is the planted Pandosia by the Plataeans in Boeotia, but called JIXaxcuiwv àitoixia, where a said of Pliny (H. N. Ili, 15) Theopompus left written that it was dead Alexander the Molossian: Pandosiam Lucanorum urbem fuisse Theopompus (author esl), in qua Alexander Epirotes occubuerit. Livio adds that his limbs they were collected by a Cosentina e buried in Cosenza, le bones were sent to Metaponto al his army that there he allocated e then transmitted in Epirus (Liv. VIII e. 14); if not that Justin writes (Vili, 6), that the Thurii no com- they prayed the body e him they gave burial : Corpus eius Thurii publice redemptum sepuUurae tradiderunt. Fu Pan- dose the capital gods king Enotrii e well equipped on three hills where it was located. Strabene therefore calls her (fQovqiov ÌqVIJ^vÒv e TQlxÓQl'ffOV. Of Pandosia post on Crates we have certainty that beats the coin what does it bring the name e represents the Crates in reverse. It precedes the Lucanian occupation (ol. XCVII, XCVIII) e the insurrection gods Brezzii. The Pandosini they serve themselves of the alphabet doric: they have though of just that in front to the P not they use on the 9th Tue the K. Battono in times of more beautiful art e they pump of imagine of Juno Lacinia e of God Bread, that they venerated I go in le their walls. The Crathis says Herodotus, was named from Crathis of Achaia at Aegae, like this said why yes formed from mix of two rivers (Strabo, L. VIII) òtto tov xìqvaoXa. With the Sybaris river near Busa of Achaia was named the river of Italy (Strabo, ibid.). It was opinion that the Crati a who no he drank would colour in blond i hair (Aristot.). Eliano he says instead that the Free ago of colour white. Anti- gono (e. 140) e Theophrastus they say that quadrupeds of blacks e red that they are they become white (Aelian. XII, 36). The Pandosini represent the goddess Pandosia on straight and reverse the river Crathis in youthful form, but without of usual bovine horns, that door in the left a al- drink of laurel and it has in front of itself probably a fish, distorted from coinage, that he had to live in his waters. It is certainly not the goat of which Aelian speaks {Hanim. VI, 42) and Proto (to Virgil Georg. I v. 20) that had a son of nature of Silvano. 5. Museum British {Calai, p. 370, I). Head of Pandosia, with hair turned e suspended to cervix by double turn of tiara: there is around the epigraph PANDOMSA. E. Young standing naked of elevation with branch of laurel in the left e patera in the right: ai feet it seems vi stay a big fish but it's bad successful in coinage : a d. it is the legend KPAOSM, where we learn than this it is the Pandosia Lucanian, i.e breeze, post on the river Grateful. 6. British Museum (Catei. n. 870, 2). Head of Juno rich- mindfully belt of high stephane adorned with a palmette between two griffins, with pendants to ears e necklace, yes. Bread naked sitting on a stone al which the left supports holding two auctions in the .right: the his dog lies to him from at : in front of him it is a erma bearded ithyphallic with caduceus thread next door e on stela yes ha the legend MAAYZ, name maybe by the artist: a d. (nAN)AOs:iN(aN). 7. British Museum {Catal. p. 371, 3). Head of Juno similar a that of n. 6. fi. Bread aimed at left
sitting on of a cliff bro two dogs that him they lie nearby, lays down the d. having next to a rod: a d. HANDOS:! a left NIK. 8.Coli, of the Mint of London. T. of Juno similar at the pre- assignors. R. Sitting bread on a cliff covered of his chlamys face on the right lift the left foot up of a rock, and has in the left two auctions: a d. PANAOSIN. SEK 9. Brit Museum. Catal. 395, 1 I. From a plaster. Man, naked bar- bato with long hair to the cervix which carries on the humerus on the left a long vine shoot with leaves and bunches, supported ending in the right a crater with two handles. He it is face a left and has the MEP legend before it. R. Branch of lives with leaves e a nice bunch of grapes. 10. (Sambon, Searches tab. XXII, 8). Head bearded similar to that of the man described at n. 9th turn to the right. before MEP. R. Grappolo of grapes. I have given rise to two coins, or rather the first about it of second, which I it is state insured found herself in Italy. But those who they argue to have
T. CXI UGLY 155 the first always found in Italy show of not have never read in the Eckhel {D. n. v. IV p. 163), which conserves- vases in the Museum of the baron Smart , where he saw her the Sextini (Beds: t. VII, p. 7), e that the Easche had some the drawing from prince of Torremuzza printed it in the preface at t. III pars. II p. VIII, of his Lexicon. Ejects the Eckhel the attri- butions proposed by who he wanted it of Meroe of Lydia, of Merope of Kos, of Mezaca in Sicily, born from false reading, of which neither he yes he warned, taking it the first letter for a mu. In which error he had also fallen Sestini (Lett. VII p. 7) that he wanted to assign it to Merusium of Sicily. The epigraph begins with an M, as well warn the duke de Luynes (Les nummus de Servius Tullius sep. ed. p. 29 notes, more. n. 4), that he gave it to Sergentium of Sicily. Us we don't know what place to assign to it, and if in Italy or in Yes- cilia; however, it will always be certain that the first syllable is Ser non Wed, how the first publishers have bed e interpreted. CAULONIA n poet geographer who goes by name of Scimno of Ohio and wrote his poem about 664 u. And. where he called, see 233, the very powerful Koma star of everything the world it has with- the tradition accepted by Niebhur has been preserved {H. tom. 1.224) that attributes in Crotone the foundation of Caulonia. Stra- well adds that the Achaeans came there and therefore the call 'Axataiv xvitìfia, in which he finds himself supported by Pausanias who he also points out to us the name of the conductor who it was a Typhoon (VI, 3) EuvXmvCa Sé àjto^xia&n /.ih' ig 'IzaXiav vnò 'AxccTcov olxKjzrjg Self iysvero avrrjg Tv(pcov cdyievg. HIS first name- tive was AiU.còv and then his name was KavXàv (Scimn. v. 322) : ^i.szooroi.uca&t] ng xQÓvig KavXoivCa. He entered in that league with Crotone e Sibari, in the which one mutual vi it was the re- running of the office of preside. Then became prey of old Dionigi, who in 365 ol. XCVII, 4 the he deserted and put in ruins. But eUa must say resurrected for work of the Locrians since in 397 ol. CV, 4 vi he did the his living room the young Dionysius (Diod. XVI, 21, 8; Plut. in life, 26) e like this I still regretted explaining that they did attributes by Stephen of Byzantium, who recognizes a Caulonia of the Locrians : ìoti Si ulXrj Aoxqwv, e from the pseudo Servius {ad Virg. Ili v. 546), where however it confuses the Caulon mountain deUa Brezzia col Mount Aulon of ancient Calabria, of which also speaks Horace. In the Pyrrhic War which lasted from 474 in 478 Caulonia was taken by the Campanian mercenaries and destroyed (Pausan. L.VIp. 349). Nonetheless we find it rebuilt in 543, and at the time of second Punic War besieged by the Eomani -che they were of garrison in Eeggio, e if Plutarch says the truth the year 545 taken by assault from Fabio console [in life p. 187): è^iXaìv xazà xQÙTog, but freed from Hannibal (Lev. XXVII a. 241-243). After wars Punic he entered in domain of Eoma but did not reopen its mint and Strabene, then what he he wrote, the he says deserted. H Marincola in the Opu- drains of history 'homeland on p. 25 ne points out the place where it was ima time to four miles distant to the east of Castel- vetere at flaps of Mount Caulone. The river that he runs them from near in cards by Eizzi Zannoni it is said Alare, e it seems right Vtlaoog notanóg, that Diodorus (XIV, 104) poses to the west of Crotone among this city and Caulonia; the other river, which it is to the west of Castelvetere, it's called today Muse, e believed to correspond old-fashioned Festival. There can be no doubt oh all the mint of Caulonia precede the coinage of the copper it lacks of everything. Numismatists proposed different type explanations always singular the same on coins. Some, he writes the Millingen {Consid. page 27, they saw Apollo in the figure naked man with a branch in his right hand and on his arm left a figurine walking holding a branch in cia- each hand, e standing in front a deer (Muller, Dorians II, 3, 7): other Apollos with Aristaeus (Luynes, New. ann. de Vlnslit. burn. 1837,1,420): other Bacchus (Avellino, Obs. 1883, II page 108-116). Millingen believes it is of dif- difficult solution, why dependent on tradition local to us unknown. Minervini (Osserv. num. p. 133-138) between- leaving le opinions more ancient, remembers that of Avel- linen, who saw a flagelliferous Bacchus, that of Muller (1. cit.) e of Eaoul Rochette (Mém. de num. p. 24 ff.) that they recognized Apollo there atonement of Orestes, that of Strober (Abhandl. derkoen. Bayerischen Acad. 1838 p. 709), who thought of Hercules veteran give it Hyperboreans: e rapella that in recent times Panofka recognized Apollo Hilates (Archeol. Zeit. 1843 p. 166 following) : Cavedoni [Bull. arch. nap. of the Avell. III, p. 58) and Samuel Birch (Num. chron. XXX, p.
167 ff.) recognize free ApoUo as persecutor of Wed- curio, inductive from the cassocks noticed first from the same Minervini: lastly Cavedoni did not dare make the choice among them many explanations proposed {in Carelli tab. page 107). Draw one to this review, Minervini adds one of his fundamental conjectures date upon diligent examination of the medal, ed it is that be Ila, according to Propertius, striker col branch, submovet branch, one of the two boreadi, which flutters around him for give it kisses, ferentem oscula, e if no moves away, removed from Ila that a this end shake it fraschetta. Or let's see if this one poetic fiction of Propertius yes attachments ai characters e to action them expressed in money. A naked young man that go on the right ed it is in act of vibrate a branch leafy it is part principal of the represented subject. There is furthermore a deer that almost always stationary e the most of times I looked giving back to him him is in front, and a figure that looks like you walk on the arm left stretched out of the young man, carrying the wings to heels, e sometimes a chlamys bent over the humeri and on the arms, like yes Neptune usually appears come on Posido- niates; but what matters he bears two branches which shake with two hands looking back to the naked young man who goes with him shaking as well his branch. Alla major figure you can see it sometimes from near a tub of water now to the right now to left, e vi they can be seen sacred useless now suspended at horn of a bucranium, now pending from arm extended from young naked man: the deer itself wears a necklace as a sign of consecration. 20
156 BKUTTIA T. CXI The two branches are clear in my specimen (pl. CXXV, 17) but, in others there are now two (tab. CXI, 12) or just one (ib. 14): but it is often understood from the attitude that even the other there had to be some in hand provided. The naked young man has hold relationship also with the waters of the sea, like demonstrate i . two dolphins darting around him surrounding ; e to that of the sor- people e gods iìumi, of what harm clue le sources with the lions- tochasmi sometimes behind of him such other in front, i.e. of- in front of the deer type constant in reverse of didramas, which it commonly stands still face a d., rarely to the left, sometimes though go at a gallop a d. Now it's very clear that, except 1st allusion to the waters of source, no other circumstance finds a correct explanation in the myth of Propertius, e that boreade, which he seems to have suggested at M. una such hypothesis, 1' is instead openly opposite. Furthermore Ila should have carried in hand the vessel to be drawn gere the water: e like this of facts yes sees in the monuments that they represent it kidnapped come on nymphs; or at least have it from at. So that not even this one fairy tale can say here represented, at least as he exposed it in his Pro verses perzio. But it's convenient proceed in other way. I hold for granted that the figurine with heels winged of young that shakes the branch be an accompanying precursor aircraft the action of the young man who agitates the branch, still carrying it ed shaking branches: not vi it is idea of contrast between le two figures. Nor the deer can keep himself completely aloof to composition: he turn around back to watch the young and precedes it, then occupying the reverse as its type. The source or to the obverse now to the reverse represented means to be there I think so much about the young man that of deer, and therefore form one of the decisive requirements for explanation of the myth. The my hypothesis is that in the young main figure is expressed a number and that not that branch both from him vibrated for move away the little jockey : but what these instead change Mini agree with him or better go before him through the air still shaking it le branches and accomplishing with he the ritual of lustration, and I compare to this scene the Silenus of mirror of Palestrina that with the little satyr near a vase of water dances by shaking a branch. That little puppet of mine opinion not is that the wind and everything this shake e vibrate of branches yes does for move away e hunt the pestilence purging the air with that branch that seems of laurel at of a temple that it is meaning from bucranium. That's it, in short the local god of the promontory Cochinth surrounded by the sea, and yet in the company of dolphins, who dart around him, who call came to help the Zephyr of the Zephyrian promontory purifies the air pestilent of the grip valley of Mount Aulon, where it was Tuata Caulonia. Hyginus narrates {Peet. astron. 2, 41) than Apollo he suggested to Aristaeus to ask Jupiter this wind, why tempered i heats of dog days pernicious to men e to animals, and also to the fields. But you see this that I write in the comment to tab. CXXV, n. 16, 17. 11-14. Coli. my. Naked young man in long hair to cervix, e collected in two corymbs on the forehead it goes to the right. in the act of lashing zap the air with a branch leafy, carrying forward the left arm, on which he seems to rapidly run for the air a puppet that sometimes it has le wings at the feet and shake similar leafy twigs with both hands, looking back the young man described: on the right. it is most often a deer existing, and still it turns to the young agitator of the community sca : on the left. KAYU. R. Lo same like but included. The n. 13, coli. Luynes, it is singular because it reads EAVA, e al reverse, AVfl3. It can be explained from here the other singularity of the 3rd in place of >l of other coin (t. CIX, 8). H K must be placed first to the primitive name, AYAilN it's exchanged come on Cauloniated in dams fc as he noticed Piorelli in the Catalogue of the Santangelo Museum p. 60 which coin after all is bat- suit in Crotone, and change in And, as in this number niato in the homeland mint. Queir O that you can see it in the field separately to n. 14, it is necessary that joins the name, reading KAVr O. The puppet has in n. 12 a chlamydetta explained lying on the shoulders and pendant come on arms. 15. Side to the young man agitator of the branch it's a bucranium from whose horn left hangs an infula: there it's also a herma bar- bato : on the left at shoulders of young it's a leontochasma, that is, a mouth of lion, pouring water into the submitted supported tub from an elegant one column grooved. R. Deer face a d. in relief : around you reads KAYAHNI : ATAS. Two points inserted not in legend I know give reason. 16. Coli. my. The young man agitator of leafy branch is in half to two dolphins that they flow across the field in sense op- place.
Deer in relief between whose legs it's an A and around KAYAn(NI)ATAS:. 17. This number has of singular the goose a left e being re- beaten above a number with types Corinthians of Pallas from a side e from Pegasus winged steering wheel on the other. 18. 19. There is of special that the deer of reverse vi yes you see decorated of a wrapped around al neck, e in n. 19 that a left behind to the young man it's in the bucranium. 20. The straight has a tree maybe of laurel instead of deer, e al reverse gives us an example of the deer that runs: the epi- graphe It's in character Doric KAYhONSATAM. 21. Here it is of certainly omitted the puppet: there is then of singular that the plant maybe of laurel you can see it in front to the deer of reverse : the epigraph it is retrograde al reverse. 22. Coli. my. Behind to the young branch shaker it is written TfllHilAV(fì>l); from right to left: in reverse with sin- gular example the deer it is face a left: it has then in front one leaf of lives. 23. Coli. my. From the arm left of the young man hangs the infula, that al n, 15 hangs from the horn of the ox. Behind of him vi yes you see that tool that yes it is noticed on coin of Heraclea tab. CU n. 16. 24. Coli. my. It's an example of the drama where also yes it has in the reverse another example that the deer looks at a left. 25.. Omitted the deer in the straight we have a second example of plant in front to the deer of the reverse: the epigraph is still here doubly written, on straight from left to right and on reverse in sense retrograde.
T. cxn UGLY 157 26. Coli. Luynes. Head youthful with hair curly and a bovine horn that pops up from temple: around it is written KAV>IONIATAM. R. Deer face on the right. In the figure of straight I saw the image again of the Sagra s. river e he was convinced of it the Minervini {Obs. p. 44); but it could pure be and to the best straight 1' Eloro. 27. Head youthful with long hair to cervix crowned of laurel. R. Deer and KAV. 28. Young agitator of the twig. R. KAV (Avellino, Giorn. nmn. II. 24 tab. I, 9). 29. Coli. Luynes. Deer. R. AVA (Eaoul Kochette, Ann. Instit. I, 418; Mém.numism. 1840, II, 11 page 183). 30. Triskelion added around a navel table. R. OAVAN. PETELIA It was tradition that Philoctetes is a refugee from Melibea was see- nut with the Trojans in Oenotria e vi had founded Siri and Pe- telia: it showed itself however the tomb in Metaponto e le fatal arrows of Hercules posed in temple of Apollo. He was pe- telia at the Neeto river and not far from promontory Cri- misso. He estimated the MiUingen after the Coray that his first name Cone was once the metropolis of the Caoni (Milling. Considér. p. 88). But this opinion it is contradicted by text of Strabene that the says metropolis of the Lucanians (cf. Marincola Booklet of st. homeland p. 141, 142). The Trojans came with Philoctetes and landed on the shore of the river, where the three daughters of Priam Aethylla, Astioche and Mede- Sycastes bored and tired from the journey persuaded the Trojans to take had room on that beach and then set fire to the ships. Nar- I wanted to ensure that the memory of this event was preserved in the name which they then gave to the river calling it Neaetlius, Néca-3-og, almost NavaiOog, from burned ships. This story we read in the com- mentation of Tzetze to Lycophron. Petelia has only bronze coins and therefore he did not open the mint before the Lucanian occupation of 361. It then ceased to the Brezzii in I'm leaving of lands conquered born in 398. After the defeat of the Romans in Cannae by rising up the Lucanians with the Brezzii i only Petelini kept the faith in Eoma. Meanwhile it suited them defend themselves from the Carthaginians who were besieging the city: but women peteline sneaking out they set fire to the machines of siege e le they set fire. They well others- minds they emulated courage of women Trojans that they gave to the flames le ships. Of a done yes noble parmi that the Petes- Ones wanted to perpetuate memory placing on them coins for type a woman who with rapid run carrying a torch on the right e the left involved in the small pallium goes of great step being quite a bit in perspective a left of spe- tator. It brings sometimes on the humerus right a quiver and for this reason and for the torch numismatists have so far taken it for Diana. But consider themselves le circumstances, that I'm well of- different from those concerning the well-known Diana, when glue torch in the right hand and with two javelins on the left shoulder, in the Thurium coin, it takes the way of the mountains accompanied from the dog of hunting. The quiver that sometimes you can see it on the humerus of the woman peteUna ben is explained with I state of siege in which also the women lent theirs works for the defense of homeland. The coins of King Ballèo bear on the reverse a similar type glittering al reverse of coin of Petelia (Eckhel, IV, 167), a woman e sometimes a man that door the torch turned on in the right and goes of front verse the left: if no ignore the reason. Del rest Petelia after eleven months of siege yes yields for hungry and why by a lot thinned of fighters. The Carthaginians- nesi having taken possession of it, they entrusted its dominion to the Brezzii: but learned from Annibale that the Petelini had secretly invoked the help of the Eomans Hasdrubal sent you there devastated the city and gods citizens caused slaughter. But the Eomani deploring a yes lut- your event a show how much no they had held in value the faithfulness they sent in Petelia them magistrates who they collected the few survivors e they gave up the them republic, the which one resumed hill his other customs include that of beating coin, that was of bronze and followed the divisional system of Eo- hands tapping dials, sextants ed ounces. Table CXII. 1. Cloaked head of Ceres crowned with ears. R. Jupiter with scepter in the left throw a bolt of lightning to the right: there is a B and to the left. flETHAINilN and a star. 2. Graduated head of Apollo time to d. R. Tripod e from two parts HETHAINilN. 3. Head of bearded Mars with aulopid helmet facing d. R. Vit- tory with crown in the d. and flETHAINilN. 4. Head of Pallas with helmet Corinthian time to d. R. Victoria with crown and HETHAINilN. 5. Head of Mars similar a that of n. 3. R. Vittoria who offers a crown: a left PETHAINilN. 6. Radiated head of Apollo. R. Tripod and around flETHAINUN. 7. Head of Diana with quiver al neck. R.
Dog in quick race: around FlETHAINilN e four globes. 8. Bearded and diademed head of Hercules. R. Clava and flETHAINilN. 9. Head of Jupiter graduated time a d. ; a left three little globes sign of the dial. R. Jupiter fulminating with I scepter in the left: around HETHAINnN. 10. Head of Jupiter laureate: behind two little globes. the?. Lightning and HETHAINilN. 11. 12, 13. Head of Apollo graduated: a d. of behind two glo- betti. R. Woman that comes ahead almost of prospectus a great step taking in the right one lit torch and a panniUno in the left. It has sometimes a quiver on- the humerus right n. 10, that is on accident no. 11, e some other no it is private n. 12: around vi yes reads flETHAINilN. In n. 12 there is of more al reverse TA in mon. e the quiver it is omitted. 14. Head of Apollo laureate and sextant note. R. Cerva and others left a thunderbolt, on the right bucranium: around flETHAINilN. From Newspaper of the 1881 excavations p. 67, it appears that a such Nicola Volante has found one coin of Petelia col type of Victory al forehand and a club on the reverse. Not having the requested imprint, it's enough to have it date news. 15. Head of Mars, how al n. 5. R. Victory with palm e crown, rudder, flETHAINU'N.
158 BEUTTIA T. cxn LOCRIS The Locrians have come in Italy from Locride. This one it was inhabited by two homonymous peoples, the Locrian Epicnemidii so nicknamed from Mount Cnemis also called Opuntii, that were located towards the island of Necroponte, Euboea, e him Ozolae that they touched the breast of Corinth having from a side Aetolia e on the other Pocide. Ephor there makes you come in Italy from the region of the Opuntii, Strabene resumes Ephorus and follows Timaeus and Aristotle who there they say came to Italy from the region of the Conductive Osolae from Evante (VI, 259). However, everyone agrees that they landed in Oenotria in the same year second of ol. XXIV (s. Hier. in Chron. Eus.). But one tradition followed by Varro e from Verrio Placco, a which they do echo Virgil ed Ovid says that Locri was a strong city at the time of the war Trojan. Varro narrated that alcrmi Locrians kicked out come on them locations they met at sea in Idomeneo which he took with him Cretans e Illyrians in search for the land where to build a city e they united with them with- but leading them in the homeland Locri that they found deserted, because the citizens were afraid of the new settlers fled. Locri therefore already existed when Idomeneo vi arrived with the new ones settlers. Locri of that we talk here yes says da Varro and followers founded in the lands they then had the first time name of Salento ; and they were divided in three parts e dates to twelve peoples who then they were called Salen- vats: among these they were those of Uriah i.e. Orra e those of castle of Minerva. We know of of course Orra e the Castrum Minerva and, were in Calabria in the lands called they were first Salentinae, but not there vi it is never been one Locri, that instead is found bro i Salento of Brezzia e of Lucania, which extended from the Neeto river called Sal- magnifier from Ovid {Metam. lib. XV, 51) in Turio known as Sallentino from Livy, where he writes about Cleonymus (L. X, 2, ed. Drak.) : Thurias urhem in Sallentinis cepit. ..with his territory: Thuriae reddilae veteri Sallentinoque enthusiasts agro pax leave. I commentators ed interpreters who did not know of these Salento of Magna G-recia they corrected the Neaethum of Ovid in Neretum, as ago the Burmanno, ed they have changed Thurias in Hyrias urbem, that is Vriam urbem; but it wasn't enough, they also had to place Locri in the Calabria, and they don't have it done, that is change Locros in Sallentinum with Servius [Aen. Ili, 40): ibique in Calabria Sallentinum condidit. This it is the text of Varro as it is reported by Nonius {ad Ed. VI, 31) and transcribed by Mommsen on the apograph of Keil (ap. Piorelli, Ann. of numism. I, p. 124) : Varro in third Rerum Humanarum report : Gentis Salentinae nomen tribus e locis fertur coluisse and Crete, Ilhjrico, Italy. Idomeneus and Crete oppidus Blanda pulse for seditionem beautiful Magnesium cum large manu ad regeni Divitium ad lUyricum venit ; ab and or item accept manual cum Loorensibus plerisque refugee in Mari coniunctus amicitiaque per similim causani sociatus Locros appulit, vacuala eo metu urbe. Ibid (with)sedit (et) aliquot oppida condidit in quell'Uria et castrum I- nervae nobilissimum. In tres partes divided and copied in po- pulos duodecim Salento dicti quod in I go friends farrint. Verrio Plate (Weights p. 329): Salentinos a I go dictos Cretas et Illyrios here cum Locrensibus navigantes societatem fairint, eius regions Italye, in quam d{eve- nerent). From which place yes collects that the land occu- pato by the Locrians it was called Salentino, but not is confirmed that Uriah e the Castrum Minervae they were founded by them. Coming back now to the colony of the ol. XXIII year 2, the Lo- cresi conducted by Evante and assisted come on Syracusans, who yes they were already fin from ol. XVII established in Sicily, they posed the foundations in Italy of colony that taken name of Locri and was nicknamed Zephyria from promontory on which one from the beginning those settlers they stopped theirs room. But later three or four years they changed plant site tarsi with Syracusans above the eyelash of a mount said iaàrtiq somewhat distant from boss Zephyrius e they called each other therefore ijvi^ecfVQiot,. Theirs territory bordered on that of the Beginians, what about it was divided from the river Alex: there they co- they built a castle and gave it to young soldiers in the castles, that they formed the garrison; e though the castle yes he called TreQirtóliov. There may be a time to this castle yes attributed the silver offering which bears the legend to FLITANATAN riEPinOAilN, but now yes it's better established that these Pi- thanati peripolis they belong al Sannio, e that vi they were places on guard by the Tarentines confederates, as has been said declaring those coins.
Locri grew in wealth and po- tenance for le institutions of Zaleukos whereby he was able to cope with ten thousand soldiers, among Locrians and Keggini, to an army of Crotoniati strong of one hundred thirty thousand. This one war was fought at banks of Festival. I Crotoniati wanted it take revenge of help lent come on Locrians a those of Siri. Narra Griustino that over time of a fight appeared eagle that doesn't ceased to fly around to the fighters up to such an extent that they had the victory, e that they were seen to head the two of them young nobles, of high stature, with horses white and with chlamydia of purple that finished the fight of- they disappeared : then theirs was the Locrians built a temple to the banks of the river (lustin. L. XX): Pugnantibus Locris eagle ab ade nunquam recessit eosque tamdiu circum- volavit quoad vincent. In cornibus quoque duo iuvenes different a caeteris armorum habitu eximia magnitude et albis equis et coccineis paludamentis punch faces sunt, nec ultra apparuerunt, quam pugnatum est. He came to Anassilaus the thought to conquer Locri, but not him he succeeded, since they are valid defended with aid of Gelo the king of Syracuse: where they then followed the parts of Syracusans while le city of Magna G-recia they favored him Athenians. Dionysius the old expanded the territory gods Locrians donating them le city of Caulonia, Mesma, Hippo- nium e feral. Of Scylletium, left to the Crotonians part of the territory they possessed, the other he gave to the Locrians. But this broad land they lasted little, being above- arrived the Lucanians oh which they occupied largely those lands:
T. CXII BEUTTIA 159 Locri was saved by the young Dionigi, who however having been kicked out of Syracuse vi yes I will hospitalize e vi stayed you are anu, as long as there is was called back by those of his party. But his cruel conduct and immoral in Locri he alleged the Locrians to revenge, whom they put to death upon his departure atrociously the wife e le daughters; and it would be he came to punish them ; but Timoleon's revolt in 409 put an end to it to his kingdom and his abuses, The Locrians also freed from the tyrant, to whom the magistrates they had given in as long as he remained in Locri the command, in 407 they massacred the garrison that he had you left. The magi- layers they resumed the government e they gave up in force read and they searched reform i costumes. Like this resources Locri e flowers until the war of Pirro, when tired of the Prefect and the garrison of Pirro, they got rid of it and they searched the friendship of Eomani. V is a bronze coin with the types of Locri. Head of Pallas facing left. e in high ROME (t. CXIII, 8). That- This seems like a joke to me by the Locrians, gods which ones it brings al reverse the epigraph AOKP, allies of the Romans. But there is another bronze that ha the similar head with the ROMAN epigraph of- before left e on the reverse the eagle on lightning e again the epigraph itself ROMANO ; the shape e the weight they make it similar to the Loero currency. I think about myself that they have it joke the Locrians in the name of Eoma e of the Komani, or the Eomans themselves on their behalf. Locri then following the fate from the weapons afterwards the defeated gods Eomani in Cannae yes gave ad Hannibal (Lev. XXII, 61 ; XXIII, 30; XXIV, 1) : of which their defe- tion afterwards he punished them Scipio, when he had recovered the city with the favor of the party that had remained faithful to the Eomans and of the people now exasperated of pride and greed of the Carthaginians. To the principles gave possess the faculties of condemned and killed by the Carthaginian faction (Lev. XXIX, 6, 8): Bonaq. eorum alterius factionis Principibus ob excellent fidem adversus Bomanos, granted. By that they were a Eoma grateful and grateful even minting a coin, in the which they posed the Giova probably VoQxtog in the obverse e al towards Eoma armata sitting e crowned from loyalty of the Locrians (u.t. CXH, 21, 22). They were they therefore members e federated, unless I found it a man that he trampled every straight human e religious for love of gold more than he had made Dionysius the young man e the garrison Carthaginian. This was the Roman Pleminius pro- praetor who plundered the treasure of the famous temple of Pro- serpina, where the 551 arm was sent by the Locrians theirs le- sent to Rome, so that they could obtain from the Senate that it be returned to Rome temple of Proserpina what Pleminio with his satellites had stolen (Lev. XXIX e. 18). They they implored his loyalty saying: Ad vos tuamque (idem suppUces coiifugimus. It was therefore ordered that Pleminius and his legacies collect serious e they returned to the temple the money sacred, e it was done solemn decree, with whom the Senate e the people Roman made freedom for the Locrians e le homelands laws (id. e. 21): of that the Locrians they yielded thanks al Senate e al people, condemning Pleminio and the authors of the strong and the sacrilegious committed on those of them members, that they had committed themselves to friendship e loyalty them. Father Eckhel quoted the hymn very aptly gods Calcidians {D. n. v. ì, 176), preserved by Plutarch {Vita T. Flamininl, p. 378) that for be very useful al with- front it will be good to reproduce it here : niaiiv Si 'Pwfiai'oùv at^oiiav ràv ^sTccXsvxotàiav ooxoig (pvXàtftìnv MeXnsTs xovgai Zfjva fisyav 'Pd/iavzs Thov T£ afia Qoi/^iaioìv niffriv'Itjte Ilaiàv cÒTÌTS GtùTìjQ. Vi he cheers the Jupiter oQxtog which we see personified on straight of the currency of Locri and the niang "Pafialoìv ana- logo at nCaTigAoxQwv. Tito Plaminino is called ^(ot^q. The coins they have us the image was preserved of Proser- pina a lot venerated by the Locrians (see plate CXIII, 4, 5). 11 boxer Euthymus had two statues, one in Locri and the other in Olimpia, who because they were electrocuted the same day they obtained a opinion of Callimachus the honors of the sacrifices (Plin. H. N. VIII, 47): Consecratus est vivus sentiensque oraculi (delphici) iussuet lovis deorum summi obstipulatu, Euthymus pycta: Homeland eius Locri in Italy. Ibi imaginem eius, et Olijmpiae alteram èodem die tactae lightning Callimachum, ut nihil aliud, mira- tum video, adeumque iussisse sacrifice/ri, quod et vivo factum and dead. Eutimo died drowned in the river Calcino and was however called son, but his father was called Asticles. This is not himself hitherto seen on coins; however, the seated Zsvg oqxiog appears there supported allo scepter with the right hand open (t.
CXIH, 13) : on straight of itself coin yes they see le heads gods two Beavers, of which I have upstairs noticed, that appeared e they fought against i Crotoniati al Festival e vi they had therefore im a temple at banks. Juno Lacinia, or La- cunia that must say, not it is of course yes figurative, but well it can refer to this tradition the Hercules that can be seen in more than a bronze. A note in a codex by Valerius Maximus of Brandenburg cited by Vorstio poses (L. her) that the temple of Ju- none of Locri, from which Fulvio Placco removed the marble tiles, was not from Juno Lacinia, but yes Lacunia and on trial narrates that there was a famous thief by name Lacuno and Giu- none forced Hercules to kill him and yet that Juno taken the nickname of Lacunia : Oh quam causam I- crenses in honorem Junonis aedificaverunt templum Ju- nonis Lacuniae. The coinage not from Locri it is anterior al fourth if- colo of Eoma; nevertheless the weight of major unit silver e the division in sixth they would have done believe that it began to mint money before the Pisistratids, that is of 194 of Eoma. The Leake {Num. hall. Europ., Greci p. 63) followed from Mommsen {H. de la monn. I p. 310, ed. Bl.) removes from Locris the staters they carry types Corinthians: but these numbers are not they are found in lands of the Opunzii a which they attribute to him, e Mr. Imhooff-Bl. me one points out difference of manufacturing that runs through the states of Italy with the Pallas types and of Pegasus and those outside, being i ours plans, concave him foreigners. I types same yes
160 BEUTTIA T. CXIII they also have it in bronze and no one has ever seen these bronzes come to us from the Opuntii. n Magnan {Bruttiae numismaticae, tabula 67 n. 2, Eoma 1773) describes an aureus from him only seen. Head of Jupiter graduate a s., around AOKPilN. R, Eagle a d. with hare between the claws, above a lightning, around AOKPiiN. The gold of the Locrians seen by P. Eckhel near the marquis Held it is engraved here al n. 16. 16. CoU. my. Head of an eagle that he has preyed upon a snake ; above OA. E. Lightning winged. Golden one time unique before of discovery of some specimens found in these last few years in the earth of Tiriolo in the Brezzii. In- the specimen of Venuti, who it is this of mine, seen and published born by U'Bcthel, the letter O is repeated for embossed coinage so that on one side it is seen joined. At Eckhel this new letter seemed like an enigma, not having observed that the O for was repeated flaw of coinage. 17. Coli. Saint. Aureo similar to the previous one, where however there is no overhang of coinage in the letter O. 18. To this gold that it is in the same coU. Santangelo is missing the snake, e the epigraph is of below of head of eagle. 19. Museum of Vienna. Coin of silver date from Eckhel {St/Hoge, tab. I, 16). Eagle time to left, he has one in front of him ear of wheat, above AO. E. Lightning, between two circles. 20. Eagle facing right. in front A. E. Lightning above AOK, of under two circles. 21-23. There is also an example in the Museum of Catanzaro, as he writes to me the Marincola. Head of G-iove crowned of laurel time to right, or as in nos. 22-24 on the left. Behind at the back of the neck in n. 21 has lightning. R. Eagle that feeds on a hare: around AOKPnN.Neln.22 {AOK)PIlN it is on straight, on the reverse then a left im lightning, a d. AP in mon. and retrograde. In n. 23 the lightning it is on reverse on the right e under the hare you can see a small globe and a S. 24. Graduated head of Jupiter facing right. Eagle this time left and around AOKPHN. 25. Eagle feeding on a hare. E. Lightning above AOKPilN, caduceus below. 26. (Carelli, tab. CLXXXIX n. 12). Eagle standing on top of one hare that he preyed on : around it's one crown of laurel. E. Lightning within such a corona and AOKP^N. 27. Head of Pallas with the aulopid without crest. B. Pegasus steering wheel on the left between the legs AO. 28. Similar head of Pallas but turned to the left. before AOKPilN. E. Pegasus and a bolt of lightning below. 29. 30. Coli. Santangelo. Head graduated e bearded of Jupiter facing right, below ZEY?. E. Peace, EIPHNA, sitting on of an ornate altar of a bucranium, time to left flaunts a caduceus: the sign of Peace, a d. reads AOKPilN. In second copy n. 30, the epigraph EIPHNA cannot be read there perhaps because it was out of minting. 31, 32. The n. 32 it is in the Museum of Paris. On the obverse it is the head bearded and crowned of Jupiter once a left E. Eoma indicated by the legend PiiMA seated e time a right it is crowned by flISTIS loyalty : in the exergue it reads AOKPnN. Eoma it is in a sleeveless tunic, button on the shoulder and place already there d. to a clypeus diptych, leading to teaches a lightning, and it has below the armpit left two daggers. The Fe- delta, while corona yes pertains glue right to a flap of the pallium that involves it. Al straight e on the reverse it repeats itself epigraph NE in mon., which the Cavedoni would like explain NEfisraiQ regarding Jupiter avenger of the oath and of the given faith {Wise, 22), e he says to prefer this supple- I lie, instead believe it name of a magistrate (unusual in coins Locrians). In what you think be deceived. Table CXIIL 1. Head of Jupiter graduated from left to right. E. Eagle standing on the sky mines on the left AOKGDPN. 2. Head of a diademed woman turned to d. He has a torch behind him turned on. E. Eagle standing on the lightning bolt on the left. AOKPIIN and AP in mon., on the right. a branch of laurel. 3. In the coU. my. Head of a girded woman by stephane with pen- teeth e necklace facing right. E. Pallas standing armed of helmet Corinthian, of spear e of clypeus, to whom yes supports: on the left AOKPilN, on the right. two stars. 4. Head of Pallas with helmet attic aimed at left E. Proserpina seated with torch on the left. having to his right a column jonica e in front some ears sprouted from the ground. 5. Head of Pallas with aulopid cristata facing right. E. Proser- pina sitting between two stars with capsule of poppy in the left, and patera in the d., in front of left AOKGDPN. 6. Head of Jupiter graduated once a d. in front is AIO^. E. Ful- mine between the voice AOKPAN. 7. In the coli. my. Head of Pallas with aulopid time to left at the back of the neck XAP in mon. E. Flying Pegasus a left, upstairs a star, between le legs a thyrsus lemniscate, in low AOKGDPN. 8. (Carelli, tab. 2 n. 46). Head of a woman facing left. covered by aulopid: the MA is clearly read above, which is easily accomplished PUMA, of which epigraph that no one seems to have noticed so far - duto. R.
Flying Pegasus left, of under lightning, below AOKP. An example similar to ours from Locri is offered to us by Cyreneans who give the galley head as its type to one of their bronze statues of Eoma time to left and they write above it IMÌ19. (Muller, Num. de l'ancien. Africa I, page. 29 e 77), honoring her to reason of autonomy, that they enjoyed below the Roman do- undermining. 9. Head of Pallas with aulopid graduated from left to right. at the back of the neck a patera. E. Eagle on lightning e a left AOKGDPN on the right s:nP in mon. 10. Mia coli. Bronze decrease no. 12 with the types of Pallas and of the eagle. 11. 12. Decrease in bronze n. 3 with the guys from the head of Pro- serpina and Pallas armed with spear and shield on the reverse. Here in the n. 11 has two there stars and a cornucopia; behind to head of Proserpina al n. 11 they have you three small stars among a major star e a cornucopia : in n. 12 v" is one ear of wheat.
T. CXIII UGLY! 161 13. Coli. my. Two test,' of the Dioscori blankets of pileus conical graduate e surmounted by stars. R. Jupiter sitting a left leaning on the scepter with his right hand extended: AOKPilN in front. The Magnan him poses an eagle in the right : e the Carelli (Descr. p. 144, 74) ima iìala: none of this in my example plare and not even that of the Estense Museum, taking place the Cavedoni a say not seeing what Jupiter has in right. He also points out (praef. ad Car. tab.) that the inci- Carelli's sister transformed Jupiter into a Pallas (tab. CXCI, 57). 14. Decrease in bronze n. 8 with the head types of Pallas and of the flying Pegasus which here is facing right. below AOKPJ^N. 15. Mia coli. Head of Hercules young covered from the skin of lion a d. before AION. R. Flying Pegasus aimed at left of under AOKPilN. 16. Head of Jupiter graduated to the right. R. Aquila on the right. e there pro- fish toma and AOKPilN. 17. Head of Pallas with helmet Corinthian facing left. upstairs EY. /?. Lightning framezzo to item AOKPilN and ad a cor- nucopia. 18. Head of Hercules with the bare of lion time to left. R. Pegasus , between le which legs it is a lightning : of below AOKGDPN. 19. Similar al n. 6pm: on reverse missing the lightning e vi yes EY law. 20. Decrease of bronze n. 9 with types of the head of Pallas e of the eagle standing over lightning that here it's time a right, and he has a star in front of him and others left AOKGDPN. 21. Naked head of a sleeping man facing right. with her hair tied in a knot deputy. R. Eukniiie framezzo to AOKPilN. 22. Berlin Museum. DoUum vase. R. Bunch of grapes and around AOKGDPN. The first ones letters they are very worn. The Pel- lycan {Coiai, of iorìete locrisi) ne describes on page 46, no. 276, 277, 278 three specimens one gods what it was found the year 1820 in floor of the ancient city, district He screeched. SCTLACIUM It was le conquered cities from the old Dionysius yes novera also Squillace ^xvD.ì^tiov already colony of the Athenians with learned from Meneste, 2xvXdxiov they called it the Greeks Scyla- ceum, Scolacium the Latins. Dionysius divided them the territory in two parts and leaving one o'clock ai Crotoniati what about they were in possession, he donated the other to the Locrians. Scylacium would like say a place that is a den of small dogs, but the tra- diction local reported by I serve e from Cassiodorus, who vi had i natali, he wanted that Ulysses had here shipwrecked e had used the planks of his broken ships to begin the construction. Virgil le gives the nickname of navifragum Scylaceum. A this Scylaceum parmi they can attri- dark the bronzes anepigraphs data so far from some in Cuma, by others in Alliba; they represent on the one hand the head of Ulysses on the other a monster now man, now woman, desire nante in the body of pistrice, from whose trunk where it begins two dogs are thrown to be a human bust barking. It's one personification of the similar place in this to the monster Scila, ^xvXXa, from whose belly dogs emerged barking. Ai sayings bronzes, that the Mr. Sambon first, following the mine opinion communicated to him, he gave I think it's due to Squillace unite the bronze which belonged to General Fox e yes is published from the same (Greek coins, 8 page 10), and attributed ad Alliba. Here the description. 23. Coli. Fox. Head of newt bearded time to d. R. Monster marine half man and half fish with rudder in the left. e the right elevated: below rather A than A. 24. In the British Museum (Catal. p. 74, 8) a similar one is preserved nummo, of which I have expressed the head of the obverse: on the reverse there is the monster himself : but the editor is downstairs reads A. 25. In the Kirch. Beardless head covered of pileus conical graduate time to left of behind the letter %. A. Sea monster bi- shapes with the two dogs on the belly and with a curved club on the left. and the right extended. 26. From a cast. Head similar to previous, al reverse the monster ha knotted hair on the vertex and it seems feminine: every letter is missing. 27. From a cast. The head it is similar to the previous two, the pileus conical it's a little lower. R. The sea monster who is young vain in n. 25 here he is bearded and semi-bald e him yes they see le two fins descendants come on two extreme sides of the bust human, almost two ale. Mr. Màrincola-Pistoia (Opusc. of st. patria page 367) describes a bronze of the form 5 factory in his opinion bruzziano, in which one yes it has the head of young Hercules open of lion's skin, facing Dr. and on the reverse a bow of ship a dr. with traces of letters of above, and in the exergue a leftover of legend. . . . AAKI. ... It is his opinion that must supply ^KYAAKION. But he quotes the Golzio, IV tab. 58 n. 5, which produced a bronze of the first magnitude, where the head of Mercury e the letter I am in straight, e one bow of ship with the legend SKYAAATIilN is al reverse. The types of both coins are Roman.
EEGIUM It was said that the land was bathed by the Tauricino or the Lumhone they landed Cretans led by Jocaste son of Aeolus (CalUm. pr. Tzetze ad Lycoph. v. 45) ; it was still said that there was one time came Orestes to purge his crime by washing himself in the seven rivers that flow near Reggio: and the memory of them should be preserved in the portvs Orestis near the Metaurus. It was confirmed then the between- diction attributing the construction of the temple to him of Apollo (I will go ap. Prob. ad Virgil. Bucol.) e the parazonium that there yes preserved. But true The historical origins of this city seem to date back since arrival of the Messenians e gods Calcidians. Amazing writes, that Reggio it was founded by them Calcidians who consecrated for oracle to Apollo they went to Delphos, where they learned theirs destiny, and Antiochus certifies that the Messapians they joined for oracle of Apollo ai Calcidians sent to found Reggio from the Zanclei below the command of Antimnestos. Alcidamidas commanded the Messenians, Pausanias writes, and they came after the conquest of Itome in Messene and when Aristodemus he was dead. Let's learn then give it
162 BEUTTIA T. CXIII same, that a these two peoples united in ima alone commanding city they gave from the beginning the Messemi princes up to Anassilaus, fourth successor of Aloidamida (Paus. 1. IV e. 23). We have to though look at yourself to confuse with Pausanias this Anassilaus of there. XXIX with that to whom yes attributes the employment of Zancle e the new name that le gave of Messina. This city his name was however Zancle in the ol. LXXII, when vi came Cadmus of Kos (Herod. VII, 164) contemporary of Epicharmus (Suid. a. V.), and they landed there the Sammii fled from the dominion of the Persians i which ones then Anassilaus he chased founding the new one city Messina (Thucid. L. VI, 4, 6, ol. LXXI). A this Pausanias also tacitly conforms to the story, when he tells, that Smicito, the which one it was later servant e ministers of Anassilaus, he went in Zancle which was not yet called Mes- sina (V. XXVI). By this Smicito then we know by Herodotus that Anassilaus I sent in rescue gods Tarentini, that they were fought by the Messajiii (Herod. VII, 170), and that Anas died- silao later the ol. LXXVIII, 2, passed in Tegea, and more statues of he said in Olympia (id. ibid.). Anassilaus died in 278 (Diod. Sic. 43) five years since then he had dominated in the two city: him happened i two his children that if not they divided the principality and they reigned there up al fourth year of ol. LXXIX, when i them subjects rebelled there they hunted e yes they constituted in the republic. To this change, I believe, they took part the two legisla- bulls of Locri, Zaleucus and Timarete invited from Keggini, the which result yes it was, that yes constituted two forms of government, the yviivaaiaaxixi] e the one that doesn't yes you know well if it took a name from Epitocles, or from Empedocles (lambì. Vita Pythag. p. 123, ed. Archer. 1598). The Reggini in 321, ol. LXXXVI, they did alliance take Ate- no need to see each other threatened come on Syracusans together hill city gions founded come on Calcidians in Sicily e in Italy. When Dionysius the old man in 376, ol. XCVIII, a. 2, surrounded Reggio of siege and after long resistance -he took it e undressed of his riches, he says Aristotle, than for compensation gods thefts sacrilegious he did mint a coin, that it weighed half of his value: it it is probably the drama whose legend is PHflNON, a which yes you can imply AIAPAXMON, e not the name of its weight effective APAXMH. r Reggini were defended for work of the young Dionigi come on attempts of the Lucanians. This one a hundred years later le depredations of the old Dionysius he remitted in walk the city with such splendor which was named after it cfoi'fìi], the splendid. But here they are opposed come on Brezzii, by the Carthaginians e by the king Agathocles, a such that it was them professions contact to protection of Rome. This he sent them a garrison, e it was a real one ski- gure, why to pay them salaries from Campania, i which they oppressed the city e I know they made themselves lords, tyrannising over it for ten years, at the end gods which ones came them the right punishment from Senate, and Reggio it was calm again. It varies coin of this city in his states different there it will be of good education. It beats a tridram e a didrammo of system eginetic e at the same time an incuse drama of me- system dth if, how yes he says, the bind of the Achaean cities of Italy they introduced the coinage includes, however, how here you can see it, not yes he limited at sun city of the league, but out of it had imitators. The Reggini believe the them Chalcidian alphabet, when- so the language spoken Doric you demonstrate in it the dominance gods Messenii. They then take for type an androprosopic ox, usual personification of the river, which for Reggio it will be state the Tauri- cino, said also Calopinace that is the Lumbono, which is to city pili close. Considered the attitude of the ox that it is that of star for go to bed and take rest, like the Amenano of Ca- tania (Poole, Catal. 41, I, 2) can conjecture, that like this ab- white wanted mean le his waters, that divided e branch out they flowed across the fields e they stagnated there for the benefit of the agricultural ture. The locust that you can see it in the field of the coin warns of this of the lawn e of the countryside where that insect yes nourishes e ago his home. The tridramas or contemporary tetradrachms, everyone a double prominence, they have for type the head of lion e al reverse the head of calf, i which ones types being common in Messina pro- vain which were not issued before of mutation of his primitive name of Zancle that happened approximately 270. Del tri- drama yes they have him broken inferior of two third parties e of a third i.e of drama, that it is eginetics, weighing i two third parties gr. 11.70, e the drama gr. 5.85: in] everyone these pieces the legend it's HOND35I, but in the drama yes law only H0D3JI. Anassilaus introduced in the two city from itself dominate a new type of which we have the interpretation given to us by Ari- stole (Polit. V, 12, 75).
He he represented himself there on the drawn chariot from the mules col which one he had triumphed in games Olympics, e al on his back he placed a hare, to have it introduced the race in Sicily. Double it is the series of this coin; why how tri- drama has below of itself the two third parties, e how tetradrachm ha the didrachm, the drama, the trithemiobulus, the mite e the hemibolus, which has for type the half hare, e on the reverse side a R girded in- I'll be back of five globes indicating le five ounces of silver, though it is also called nsvTÓyxiov ccqyvQÌov, since the mite contains holds ten. The Mr. L. Sambon has also found a coin with the only the hare's head and on the reverse RE, weighing 100 g. 0.11, cha he esteems be the sixth of the mite. After the 293 the king- public, abolished i types of Anassilaus, he asked again pel type of straight the head of lion, e al cowgirl put personification of the po- pole free, the Srjfiog. He it is seated e he leans ad a ba- stone ; sometimes I show off a vase almost a note one of the pros- scholars who make noble the city, ceramics (Plin. H. N. XX 2, V, 12) : Nobilitantur his fvasUJ oppida quoque ut Regium. The legend it always is the itself, RECINON, or RECINOS back- grade : there is no example of the REGIMO attested by PEckhel (D. n. see p. 178, 180), in which the extreme letter Yes, he must have missed why confused with the folds of the pallium hanging from the chair of the Sijfiog. In one example that I have under eye, of weight of gr. 3.05 pm, vi it reads a d. HD35I. below the chair O, in front to the demos the Yes, oh who escapes for a short time allo look, confused hill leaves of crown of lauro who go around al field. In this system missing the didrachm. There is though the drama hill his fractions lower: the pentonoion is found noticed however with five glo- betti, but vi it is also meaning from initial H, in one coin
T. CXIV BKUTTIA 163 tina badly attributed to Heraclea, who has the head of lion for type of straight. In this Eeggio time coined also the bronze, but in small number e of nominal value; the epigraph whole it is yet here RECINON. Meanwhile he was changing the ancient alphabet and we have some the proof in a stater belonging to the transitional style of archaism full development. Agreed with the new alphabet that it is which one he was officially received in Athens in 351, the image of tf/],(ios from barbata e senile that he was, you change into beardless and youthful. To this tetradrachm they are missing him broken inferior, the his epigraph PHflNO^, also retrograde, him destination that place that we assigned him. Yes it was done binds her with Athens in 321, of which one we got news from Foucart. what does it have published the text (Revwe archéol. 1877 p. 387); liked it also adopt I stater of Corinth with the head of Pallas, e al reverse the Pegasus, I believe, for utility of trade. He also entered in Eeggini the longing of excel in the excellence gods mint, and no they had of beautiful, like that al which one he worked Cra- thesispus. In this one age of art the piti beautiful yes woke up the feel- I lie of gratitude _ to the oracle of Delphos, e memory of twig of laurel, that the Eggs had in costume of disconnect dear from the sacred grove, when they went to the oracle, which one time he had warned i them fellow citizens, the Messenians, of met- tere apart of theirs gratitude too the goddess Diana, that he had them subtracted to ruin of them homeland Messene. Co- he began then Apollo to take the first place in the currency e tough him Diana added: so it seemed necessary keep one some memories of the alliance Athenian. Alla protection of Apollo also had to report, if they had lived from the replicates attempts of their enemies whose symbol, the wolf, they posed on reverse of them coin, representative Apollo on straight. Finally some public calamity he will have them recommended ad honor Aesculapius e Igia le whose representations yes they have in ispecie on the coin of bronze. To trade then expanded e flourishing for earth and for sea cloths yes they must report i Dioscori and Mercury, a to whom they also give a twig in his hand of laurel from their forest sacred as to their guide of the frequent devout journeys to Delphos. It also appears that on certain coins a lot rare they have expressed Orestes with his parazonium in memory of have it he, how there was tradition, placed in temple from itself consecrated to Apollo, when he wandered in Italy for wash yourself in seven rivers of lands of Eeggio. the coin of bronze it is of two species, the primitive is missing of each note of value, the second has two kinds, using it equally of the glo- betti e of the lines vertical to indicate le ounces. In the first class doesn't have that tiùenti and dials notice come on four or three globes, in the second it has quadrants e trienti, but also also half of the mite, that means glue initial fi, ed it is the Txavroyxiov. There is no clue of semisse hence it seems that the mo- netina with the number XII not you can refer to this system: but Cavedoni {ad Carell. tab. p. 11 n. 117) believed that dinotate le twelve ounces of pound Roman, the Mommsen (//. de the mon. I, 130) the twelve pounds of bronze, fifth part of the 120 lbs of bronze equal to one pound silver. Plate CXIV. 1. Coli. Dupre (Longperier, Revue numism. 1866, p. 265. Ox androprosopus in act of lie down on the ground face on the left in the HOHD351 exergue : in a locust tall. /?. Eiverse used with the same type: it is gr. 5.64 but worn and covered of oxide. The eh. Imhoof-Bl. therefore brings it back to the system eginetifio, in which it it's a drama, being the majority giore unit of gr. 12.51 {Le system EubOique extra de VAnnuaire numism. 1882 p. 11). 2. Head of Leo post of front. /?. Head of calf time a left, around MOHD351, of weight of gr. 5.33pm. 3. I same types al straight e al reverse that in n. 2, but the weight it is of gr. 5.85. It's worth it i.e a third of the tridrama or stater of Corinth that want to say (Imhoof, op. cit. p. 8). 4. Head of lion of front. R. RECI in crown of laurel of weight of gr. 0.93 mite, sixth part of the drama of Aegina (Imhoof, 1. cit.). 5. Mia coli. Head of lion of front. R. 531 of weight of gr. 0.85. 6. Chariot of mules led by a half-wrapped bearded man in one narrow pallium, in the exergue one leaf of laurel with a berry. R. Hare running rapidly to the right, around H0WD3JI. Stater or tetradrachm of weight of gr. 17. 7. Similar chariot with the same laurel leaf in the exergue. R. Hare in rapid motion a d., around the legend it's MER^ENiON. It weighs gr. 17. 8. Kind similar to that of the no. 6, but in the exergue instead of leaf there is the trace of RECINON. R. Running hare on the right. e around MOHD35I.
Drama of the Euboean system: weighs gr. 4.36. 9. Hare current a d. R. D3JI of weight of gr. 0.68 a sixth of drama of the system Euboean. 10. Lion's head. R. Half sign H: the weight is gr. 0.32 that is, by half of a mite, and yet is noted with the aspirated one 11. Head of lion. A. Five globules around a 51 ini- ziale of city. Its weight it is of gr. 9.32 and yet it must attribute to the Euboean and Attic series, in which the drama it is of gr. 4.36. The mite it was worth it gr. 0.72 e the half a mite gr. 0.31. The mite attic yes divides in ten casts, five gods which do Vhemioholus. 12. Head of lion view of front. R. Bearded man seated e half wrapped in the pallium that went to the left side he places his right hand on a rod, around it reads 20HD35I: the guy e the epigraph it is surrounded around by a laurel wreath. It is of weight of gr. 5.24pm. An example of mine collection purchased of recent represents the Sr^iiog bearded, sitting, face a left glue right supported to the rod and the left to the chair; around from the right reads SOHI535I; the O it is between i feet of chair, the S in front a left It weighs gr. 3.20pm. 13. Kind similar to the previous one, but the man sitting down, resting the front in hand right in act to meditate. The epigraph it is 21
164 BEUTTIA T. CXV HOND35I. The weight of this number it is of gr. 4.00 because a a little worn out : the most preserved they go to the gr. 4.35 that is, to fourth part of the number that door i same types ed it is though its tetradram. 14. Kind similar to the previous one, but the man sitting looks forward he leans his left hand on the chair and has the epistle behind him. RECINON graphs: the weight it is of gr. 5.24pm. 15. Coli. Imhoof-Bl. (Carelli, tab. CXCIV, n. 23). Bronze of weight of gr. 7.10. Door in straight the head of lion e al towards the legend RECINON circular and also a globule in center. 16. 17. Broken inferior with the same type in straight e al reverse the first REC, the second R'E. 18. Bearded head e covered of pileus conical time a d.; in- I'll be back vi reads RECIN. E. Hercules that suffocates the lion. It's a bronze that the Carelli reproduces from the Hedervar Museum. 19. Head of lion. R. Young sitting hill legs overlap late and supporting the right to the stick: around it is the epi- graphe 50Hn HI e everything inside one crown of laurel. 20. (Imhoof-Bl. Mon7i. grecq. pi. A n. 9). Head of Apollo in hmghi hair and graduated with triple series of leaves turns a left, in front (PHQINilN at the nape of the neck EY in mon. R. Head of lion of front. It weighs gr. 16.85. 21. (Borghesi, Catal. n. 619). Head of Apollo laureate turned to the right. in front PHflNOT, laurel twig at the nape of his neck. R. Head of lion mass of front. 22. Coli. Luynes. Head of Apollo laureate turned to the right. behind the nape of neck a sprig of laurel, in front of r. PHflNOZ and below the chin innOKPATHS, i.e. KPATHSinnO. The genitive it is in O as NIKANAPO in Turio, EYAINETO in Syracuse. 23. (Imhoof-Bl. Mann, grecq. more.' A n. 10). Head of Pallas covered of aulopid time a left R. Pegasus steering wheel a d. between PH feet in mon. The monogram is also found used when the voice is entire, as in some specimens of n. 5, Plate CXII H^INilN. 24. In coli. mine. Head of Apollo crowned a triple series of laurel leaves facing right, PHriNON in front : at the back of the neck twig of laurel. R. Head of lion. It weighs gr. 4.05. 25. Head of Apollo graduated time a left R. Leone which goes to left, above the club; in the PHriNAN exergue. It weighs gr. 3.28. 26. Head of lion. R. Lira and around PHflNOT : this number yes it has in silver e in bronze. Silver weighs gr. 3.05. 27. In coli. mine. Head of lion. A. Two laurel leaves in a twig with two olive berries, and in the middle PH in arg. e in br.; silver weighs gr. 2.00. 28. Head of Apollo time a left e therein PHriNUN. R. Two-faced wifely ending in collar of column. 29. Head of Apollo graduated once a d. behind the arch in front PHriNilN. R. Head of lion. It weighs gr. 12.00. 30. Head of Apollo graduated a d. in front PHFINilN, at the back of the neck a herm. R, Head of lion. It weighs gr. 9.85. 31. Coli. Imhoof-Bl. Head of Apollo laureate time to left bro two letters PH. R. Head of lion 32. (Imhoof-Bl. Monn. gr. 11, 14). Head of Apollo once a d. before PHflNH. R. Testa, of lion. It weighs gr. 1.72. 33. Coli. Sixs (Imhoof-Bl. op. cit. 11, 43). Head of Apollo time to d. before PHflNOT. R. The letter H inside one degree. It weighs gr. 7.05. This H is worth a 'HiiihtQor or 'He^àg, that is, six ounces, and yet the small bronze n. 33 with epigraph PHflNH implied ovyxCa, being worth exactly one ounce, why weighs grams two approximately. Now the Mr. Imhoof-Bl. he proposed that to PHflNH it is implied noXig, instead of ovyxi'a proposed from Brandis, and makes this supplement probable I lie with comparison of other Greek legends p. e.g. 'A^a- xairi'i'a, Kcc/.iaQti'aìa, JUaia, MevSai'ij, Aagidma, it was- Xita, etc. 34. Lion's head. R. PH within a degree. It weighs gr. 6.16 i.e a Hemilitron. 35. (Imhoof-Bl. Monn. grecq. page 10 n. 46). Head of lion and on top an O. R. Astro with fourteen rays. It weighs gr. 4.50. If Queir O it's worth it ovyxt'a, as he opines the Imhoof, you will have a example of the pound of copper of weight of 54 grams cor- respondent per ounce of gr. 4.50. If this O was worth it 0|5fAoc we would instead have an offering of approximately half the weight, why him obols of Metaponto they weigh bro i seven e him eight and also nine grams. 36. Lion's head. R. Tripod and on the right. PHflNOT. It weighs gr. 3.08. 37. 38. Two heads coupled of Apollo e of Diana times a d. R. Tripod and the epigraph PHfINilN around it. These two gods they are lower units of the series which places the two heads equal mind coupled, of that you see the tab. following n. 9. Table CXV. 1. Head of Apollo graduated on the left. in front PHflN.£lN. i?. Tripod. It weighs gr. 9.50. 2. The types I am him same, but in straight there is more one branch of palm behind the head of Apollo, the epigraph it is reverse in n. 3. The head of Apollo it is turned to the right. and he has a n e on the reverse a left P, on the right an H. 3. Coli. Imhoof-Bl. Head of Bsculapius crowned of laurel time a d. R.
The same Aesculapius sitting he leans at the ba- stone and hands the patera from libation glue right having front left. a macaw or candlestick. He it's half wrapped in the pallium; around it we read PHfINilN. 4. Head of Diana with bow e quiver behind al neck. R. Leone gradient on the right. and PHflNilN. 5. 6. Similar head of Diana, on which is the imprint of a con- tromarca. R. Lira and PHfINilN. 7. Diana's head similar to the previous one. R, Griovane Sijfiog naked standing in front with ornate crown in head, a stick al which one he leans on his left hand while he extends his right hand with a branch of laurel and a bird landed on its back of the hand face verse of him : to left there is a cornucopia and around the figure PHflNilN. 8. Head of Apollo laureate e of Diana surrounded by stephane times a d. R. Tripod PHflNAN and note of the trient. It weighs gr. 12.52, and yet belongs to the pound system of grams approximately thirty-eight, i.e. sextantary system. 9. Head of Apollo graduated e time to left, behind to de-
T. CXV BEUTTIÀ 165 stra it's a hammer, that is, a key to be tuned using minds, how the lira. B. Tripod as in a. 1-3 e a d. four globetti, the note of Triente. This shows that Reggio yes it is served of the double manner to note the ounces now with glohetti, now hill lines vertical. This trient weighs 7.90 grams and therefore assumes a pound of 27 grams, i.e of an ounce. 10, 11. Paired heads of Dioscores with conical pilei crowned and the star them feature. R. Mercury naked and standing pro- spectus with chlamys buckled on the right humerus, caduceus in the left, petasus in chief and twigs of laurel in the right look at left, there you have a FI note of the value of pentoncio. This bronze is in mine collection. In n. 11 Mercury has in right a patera e the the it is of below of it : in both to d. of reverse it is the legend PHriNn.lM. The weight of these pentoncii it is of gr. 16.50, the that supposes a pound of approximately thirty-five grams. This little penton it was pushed back up of a great load-bearing bronze i types of gods Brezzi! : head of Mars e Victory with the palm : of what I am remained le traces seeing themselves on one of the caps of the God- scori, the wing, the arm and the palm of Victory, while on the back verse remains a shadow of the head of Mars. 12. Two-faced decorated of stephane e ending up in a col- laiino of column. R. Aescylapius half wrapped in pallium sits leaning the right to im stick: from his side left stands out a snake, iii was also the note of here- cunce n, on the right. it reads PHFINXIN. It's a bronze retorted on the tiient n. 8 of which they remain the globes and on the reverse the outline of heads. 13. Similar two-faced to the previous one. R. Aesculapius sitting wrapped up in the pallium with the staff in his right hand: he has a tripod in front of him and the note no : the serpent is omitted here. 14. Head of Diana with quiver around her neck. R. Seated naked Apollo on the pallium covering Tonfalo reticulatus: egU has the arch in the left and places it there, I arrow in right ed it is face a left where it's placed the note fi of the value : on the right it reads PHriNilN. 15. Head of Pallas with helmet decorated attic of a griffin once a left R. Pallas standing with a victory tropeophora in the d. and no clypeus in the left on which he leans. In others specimens on clypeus is of relief represents the gor- head gonia: a left fi: a d. PHflNilN. The weight of this think- toncio is gr. 6.16 which supposes a pound of gr. 12. 16. CoU. Santangelo. Head of ApoUo graduate a d. at the back of the neck first leaf of lam'o. R Victoria standing with palm in the left and crown in the d. a left PHflNilN e the note III of three ounces. 17. Head graduated of Aesculapius time a d., behind it's a ba- pastoral stone. R. Igia i.e. the health standing with cup in the d. in which he gives a drink to a snake: on the left. III, on the right PHriNIlN. 18. In coli. my. Head of Apollo graduated once on the right behind a palm tree. R. Wolf face a left, PHFINilN e III. The weight of this bronze it is of gr. 6.50. Vi remains in reverse the face of Jupiter and in straight away it goes of the eagle that is, of ro- stro, of the wing, e of symbol, the zither, with an ilN, part of the legend BPETTinN (plate CXXIV, 19). The wolf can be a symbol here of the Lucanians, that him ancient writers derive from the said wolf in Greek ).vy.og, and more generally mean the enemies. The Apollo of the Eggini it is the delicate not the licio al which one it was sacred the wolf. Others ancient writers though they estimate, that the Lucanians calling themselves Lycians derive from one of them leader Lucius the name they bear: but you see below where we talk of the Lucanians. 19. Heads of the Dioscori with caps conical graduated and topped from their stars turned to the right. R. Ceres standing with rod in left. and two ears of corn of wheat on the right: on the left. a half moon e of below llll to the right. PHriNilN. It weighs gr. 3.88. 20. Lo same type in straight than in n. 20: reverse there is Mer- curio with chlamys e the caduceus on the left. the petasus on the head and a branch of laurel in the d. face a left ; there it is the note llll e of under a cornucopia: a d. PHriNHN. It weighs gr. 3, 68. 21. Heads coupled of Aesculapius e of Igia times to the right. R. Diana standing in tunic short e in borzacchini from hunter with bow in the left, the quiver on the humeri e the torch lit neUa d. e the dog ai feet, that a her he turns; to. you see an ear of corn of wheat e above the note llll : the weight it is that of the nos. precedents. 22. They return two o'clock heads of the Dioscori as in precedents no. 20, 21. R. Young Sr^aog naked standing in front with stick in the left, a which he leans, the bird on the right, with which he holds a laurel twig : below llll and lower- a chair above, on the right. PHflNnN. 23. Head of Aesculapius graduated to the right. R. Igia as I described it written at no. 18, on the right. PHriNilfvj. 24. In mine coli.
Head of Apollo graduated with hair faces on the right R. Lira and to the right. PHFINilN left IH. 25. Head of Ceres crowned of ears. R. Lira, on the left llll, and a cornucopia, on the right. PHriVilN. 26. (Carelli, ce. 117). Graduated head of ApoUo behind Xll. A. The two Dioscori a horse quickly running towards the d. with them spears lowered, in the PHriNiiN exergue. 27. 28. (Carelli, CXCVIII, 96, 9). Head of Diana a d. behind a half moon and a rod. R. Naked young man with short ba- stone in the d. and parazonium in the left, a right PHflNOT, a left one armour. The n. 29 represents Diana with the arch and the quiver to the heart : on the reverse it is the same young man with long stick in the right e the parazonium in the left ; in the field a left vi you see an armor like in bronze previous. MESMA Hecataeus Milesius traveling in Oenotria first of the ol. LXVI (= 262 u.c.) he saw e designated the city, that call Mf^.u?; (fragm. 41) so named by one source: MsSfirj I will say Médfir^c, xQrjvrfi tive^. If therefore Scimno of Ohio (v. 338) and Strabene (v. 256) the they say founded come on Locrians : Midjxav t'óxiaav AoxqoC; Ms'à^ia TTÓXig Aoxqwi\ they don't pai-lano, that of the missed Medma, and yet not front at 366, when the Locrians received it as a gift
166 BEUTTIA T. CXVI from Dionysius the old man this city then deserted. After the re- crying, Medma began to coin money it was of bronze, but the name that it is given as J/^'cr.i»;, and so Apollodorus called it in third of Chronic, as we learn from Stephen of Byzantium, to which name well corresponds to that of the Mesima river nearby of which it was located. The coins seen by me in the museums of Europe e those collected they never read from Capialbi otherwise what MESMAIilN; the two described by Mionnet [Sicppl. 1, 1034, 1035) with the epigraph MEAMAIilN not we know where they are laid. The great Mesma spring of the same name to city can be seen figuratively on its coins. If Strabene calls Miifjuo; the city and the source (VI, 256): MéSfia Ttóhg Aoxoàv ói.ióì'i\uog xgip'ìj neyuXrj, may well be who copied Hecataeus, or Scymnos, though to his times had prevailed of call Mesma the city together e the source. The Pacific in a letter cited by Capialbi (Mesma or Medama,])Mr. 11, 12) read in an exemplar MESMAIilN AilPON, which epigraph was judged erroneous by Capialbi, who emended it replacing AilKPnN with AilPON. Table C5VI. 1, 2. Head of Apollo graduated time to d. before MESMAIilN. B. Head of the Mesma source located in front : she is co- ronata of cane marshy, has one wide necklace al neck e an elegant one hydria from the side left. In n. 2 two cobs chi of cane they succeed on the forehead of she, how the ears of wheat in the crown of Ceres. It was so for error that in Sestini he took them for ears of wheat and he recognized it in that Ceres figure [LeU. cones. VI p. 10-14), e found analogy bro the name of the city e the Misma who brought drinks to Goddess (Ant. Liber. Melam. XXIV). 3, 4. Head of Apollo time to d. how the previous one and in n. 3 the epigraph MESMAIIIN, behind at the back of the neck there is a pillar in shape of pine cone on its base round. The Sextini (Lett. e diss. numism. T. 6, p. 10) no describes one from the Museum of Munich, where on the obverse we read ìilTHP MElMAlilN around to the head of Apollo. /?. Naked bread sitting on a stone with close by the dog. He lean al stone the left and elevates the right with a fruit similar in one form pine cone. In n. 4 it reads just ME^ e on the reverse you can see it in one tall star, of below the dog is further away from the game vain, but all the same him it is addressed: Bread has the right of- spread across both the bronzes but in the first the four fingers are fold back a little. 5. The head of source Mesma post of prospectus. R. 11 god Bread sitting on a cliff it seems point out a object a right where he looks at his dog. 6. Coli. Santangelo. Head of Apollo facing right. before ME?MAIX1N. A. The source in all figure: it is winged, go a left sun- I'm going the flap of his dress and wears a crown in right. 7. The guy of female head of prospectus it is repeated also in reference. 8. Coli. Saint. Head of Apollo turns to d., before MESMA lilN. R. Free horse that runs to the right, upstairs is a star. He published it the Capialbi {Mesma or Medama, third ed. Nap. 1839 p. 6). HIPPO, VALENTIA Hippo, writes Pliny {H. n. Ili, 5) it is that city that now let's call Vibone Valencia : Hippo, quod nuno Vibo- nem Valentiaiii appellamus: and before of he Apple (II, 4): Hippo, now Vibon. 1 Greeks they call it 'Itcttcóviov, e Amazing (VI, 256) he says it founded by the Locrians ; Aoxqàv xtiaixa. To 328, in which Antiochus finished his history, that breast of sea, on which Hipponius lies, was not called still Hipponiate, but Lametino (Strab. VI, 1, 4). At 366 {ol. XCVIII, 1) old Dionysius conquered Hipponius transported the inhabitants to Syracuse (Diod. XIV, 107) and donated it the earth ai Locrians, i which they must have it repopulated, if this one city dioesis them colony. GÌ' Ipponiati that they were in Syracuse was returned to their homeland by the Carthaginians in the year 375 (Diod. XV, 24). A twenty-three years later in 398 (ol. CXI, 1) the Brezzii not yet rebels to the Lucanians they invaded Hipponius e Terina (Diod. XVI, 151). I leave intact the place by Livy (VIII, 24) where i critics in place of Sipontwnque would like drink replace Hipponiumque, to make the historical, which Alexander the Molossian removed from the domination of the Brezzii this one city. And then sure that Agathocles if no took over the year 437, e fortified le walls (Diod. XXI, act. 8), le built a port, which however it is called the port of Bivona e is near Chief Zambrone : waves then the breast of the sea he began to call each other Hipponiates. Chilblain II adorned it of a forest irrigated come on waters, a which was given the name of Corno di Amalthea (Athens. XII, 20). Finally they made themselves masters of it the Komani e vi they deduced one colony in 515 or rather they decided to bring her to you (Veils.
I, 14), but it must believe yourself what do you see? the they placed then finish the Punic Wars in 565 as Livy attests (XXXIV, 53 ; XXXV, 40), if not rather they renovated it and named it Valentia. The coins jokes by the Hipponians I am all of bronze : though not they can have begun the them coinage before 366, in which year the them city from Dionysius was destroyed. It must therefore be estimated that its coinage dates from 375 i.e from the return of the Hipponians : they then if not more late below the Brezzii begin glue series that has as its type Mercury e the epigraph CEI. The second series it must axis- gnare at the time in which it was lorded over from the kings of Syracuse, e then omitted the digamma the they say coin of the Ipponii, ElflilNIEilN : waves we deduce that the case straight It's Elnwvisvg. The third series is that coined by the co- lonia Roman, in the which one it not yes never mention Vibo that is Vibon, but always e only Valentia. The Cavedoni Bull. Instit., 1850 p. 200) writes « opinion now undoubted, that CEI is dark, e suspect, that Pandina, name of a goddess which can be read on the coin, can be derived from Panda, which is very similar to 'Hf.ttQa del famous inkwell Bourbon, because lumina pandit." But this Pandina in coins
T. CXVI UGLY 167 of the Hipponians brandishes a scourge, hence it seems to me that the his name derive rather from ósiróg, terrible, e so naiSeirog, that it's great fear, e the Uardira will be she, that scares, yes makes you fear how the Griustizia oh takes revenge of fault, and that the Latins said Pocna. 9. Juvenile head with on his head a pileus tessalo that yes it is connected bye below the chin ed it faces right. R. Eagle that it feeds of a snake, above CEI. 10. Similar head to the previous one but the pileus is fastened behind aUa cervix where it reads CEI. R. Amphora. 11. Head similar a that of n. 16 and CEI. R. Caduceus. This coins they were incorrectly dates a Siri from Pellerin {Suppl. III pi. Ili, IV, 8-10), followed from Cavedoni (Wise 19). Then Millingen le attributed to Ipponio, as you will have the same Cavedoni {ad Carellii tab. p. 105). 12. Head of Jupiter laureate turned to d. R. Dolio e to the side left EinfìNIEilN. the. Coli. Imhoof-Bl. Head of Jupiter time on the left and around AIO? OAYMPIOY. R. Eagle on lightning in prospect and ad wings open, around ElflilNIEilN (Imhoof-Bl. Monn. grecq. page 8 n. 30 pi. At no. 6). 14, 15. Coli. Healthy. Juvenile head with calf horns crowned with barrel turned to the right. there we read AlPEilN not PEilN, as at Imhoof-Bl. Monn. gr. p. 8). R. Clava of Hercules with tapeworm tied at the top and leaning on two sides : we read around it EiriilNIcilN. In n. 15 is missing the lemniscus to club, e the legend is worn out in the end. 16. Head of Pallas with galley aulopid frieze of a griffin, of above 2: the TEIPA. R. The winged goddess Pandina with scepter in her left and crown in the right : in front ElfiilNIEilN (cf. Imhoof-Bl. op. cit. p. 8 n. 34) where it reads next door to woman winged the name AHIAHAn. 17. Head ed obverse epigraph, image and reverse epigraph similar to the previous n. 10, but the goddess Pandina carries a fla- gello in place of the crown in the right and a spear in the left. To Mr. Imhoof-Bl. (1. cit. p. 9) it seemed that taxes in hand perhaps a caduceus. 18. Head of Apollo graduated with the epigraph APOAAilN superscribed. R. The goddess Pandina col scourge, and with the spear as in the other previous of n. 17 and with two epigraphs: to left a star. Emmanuel Paparo published it on the title page of the his Epistle a Vito Capialbi (Nap. 1826 p. 12, 13) one similar coin of Hipponius. On his right in front of the head of Apollo read NIS and he judged that was head of Bacchus Niseo, he corrected in HANAIMA the name read by other AANAINA ; but poses in the hands of the goddess two poppies. Mr. Imhoof-Bl. he instead read NYM and observes that the Hipponians do not inscribe I want the names of magistrates, but of divinities; and yet he makes up for it Nvix(fa.yéTriC, nickname of Apollo. 19. Diademed head youth ad. E. The goddess Pandina with pileus tessaUco in chief, the auction in left e the scourge in the right : in front it's one star e a d. the epigraph EIPONIEilN a left PANAiNA. 20. Graduated head of Jupiter turned to d., behind the cervix is there the note I of value. R. Lightning, and others s. one victoria, that should bear in the d. the crown and in the left the palm; there is the note of the axis !, and a d. VALENTIA. It weighs gr. 10-12. 21. Diademed female head time to d. behind to cervix it is the S note of value. A. Two cornucopias, on the right. the note Yes, and a two-handled vase, left. VALENTIA. It weighs gr. 4.74. 22. Head of Pallas with helmet Corinthian time a d., behind the note • o and © del triente. R. Civetta facing to the left. VA- LENTIA on the right. the note from trient. The same coin reproduced from the collection Hunteriana, it is date from the Combe for coin of Atinum. He he read it internally from right to left. You see the tab. CXXV n. 7. 23. Head of Hercules with the skin of lion : a left the note of dial © or o /?. Two clubs, on the right. VALENTIA, left. the note of the value and a star. It weighs gr. 2.60. 24. Graduated head of Apollo a d. behind the back of the neck the note » « of the sextant. R. Lira, a d. half moon and the note • • , on the left. VALENTIA. 25. Head of Diana with the quiver around his neck. R. Hunting dog, by on a little globe, sign of the ounce, of under VALENTIA. 26. Head of Mercury with the winged petasus facing right, behind the circle vice the note t of the semoncia. R. Caduceus, a left the note % of the half and below a half moon : on the right. VALENTIA. The Carelli ne day engraved the specimen (tab. CLXXXVI n. 7) e the Cavedoni he believed, on the specimen edited from Piorelli {Mon. uned. tab. II, 10), where the note i is missing in the reverse, that the Carelli had wrong taking for i the final lA of detritus legend VALENTIA. This is it possible, why the i is where the epigraph should have been : but it's certain that this bronze door repeatedly the note of if- moncia on the coli specimen. Santangelo, where I got it from in light.
TEMESA The question that once swirled around the two Tamasos Tamese, and Temesa, of which one yes should intend to have written Homer, if the Cypriot or the Italic cannot be tried to untie with the argument of Strabene (VI, 255), that near Temesa Italica there were copper mines once leaders, but abandoned at the time ; because of Tamese the same could be said of Cyprus, as notes Stefano di Bi- zanzio, that in fact in the Cypriot copper was excellent, Tàfia- aog, Tcóhg Evnoov, 6ia(fiOQov Ijpvoa xalxóv. However, he would have could decide Homer himself, whether instead had some metal spoken of weapons that they were manufactured from italic, of which the Temesei show off. It was founded by the Ausoni : but the spoken language it was different from that gods Tafii, that is, gods Teleboi of the Acai-nania, that they came there to take care of copper. Later by settlers Phocaeans ed etoles it was changed to Greek city and began to mint coins. In this con- diction obeyed one time ai Locrians, that they took pos- sex , probably , a opinion of Marincola , after the day of the Sagra (u. e. 303). But in 336 i Brezzii, that however they fought for the Lucanians the they subjugated cac- chatter the Greeks. It in the distribution of the lands conquered by Lucani remained ai Brezzii. But after the Punic Wars i
168 BEUTTIA T. CXVII Eomani they took it over, - and in 558 vi ima deduced colony (Liv. L. XXSIV, 45); Tempsamis ager de Bruiiiis captus erat. Ugly Graecos expuli'.rant . Tempsam L. Cor- nelius Morula et C. Solonius deduxerunt. There is a place of Ovid in which one the fields of Temesa are called fields of lapige. Not there is tradition that the Iapygi had gone in these lands : but it is known from the testimony of Ephorus that i Iapigi first of the Greeks lived there Crotone (ap. Stra- good. VI, 262); where is that three promontories near Crotone yes they said of the Iapygi. I have said of silver coin that yes attributes a Temesa. This bears the legend TEM. Vi but they are coins of bronze that some numismatists they assign a this one city, on which ones yes law the epigraph TE. I don't I am of this warning, but le I respect by Terina: the epigraph TEM on bronzes has no certain example so far. 27. .hyulopid a d. e of below TE/V\. R. Tripod between two ochres. NVCRIA This Nucria of Enotria not was unknown to the ancients Pilistus cited from Stefano of Byzantium spoke in thirteen books (so Diodorus XV, 89), who wrote Sicilian stories front to the year 387 u. and, i.e to death of old Dionysius, where he made mention of Terina e of Caulonia with- here from that king. The Millingen not vi he took care e held {Consid. p. 196), that he had nominated the Nuceria of Campania This one Nucria not it was therefore founded from Hannibal later who had destroyed Terina, as he opined Millingen (op. cil. p. 59), rightly therefore also condemned by Marincola {Opusc. p. 305, following Catanz. 1871). But neither there is reason to opine that Hannibal has changed in Nucria the name of Terina, as esteem the Minervini {Magic nail p. 25) and yet what « the coins of Nucria now they should attri- lie to Terina herself with complete justification"; which does not there may be if not in supposed that no other Nocera existed if not founded by Hannibal. Of Nucria or of Nuceria degli Enotri, i.e. Tirreni as he calls it Stephen of Byzantium, probably following i Greek Elioni (Dion. Halicarn. I, 29), spoke Pilistus in the book eleventh of the Sicilian stories : because there he dealt with the old who is Dionysius and it was his job mention Terina with- conquered by that king, from which one Nucria was yes little of- standing. Not it seems therefore that have reason the Millingen arguing (Consid. page 196), as I have said, that not there- mini the Nuceria of Campania. 28. Coli. my. Head graduated of Apollo time a left in front NOYKPlNilN. R. Lion's head placed in front. 29. Coli. my. Graduated head of Apollo time to d. R. Horse free standing facing left, around NOYKPINilN, between the legs a pentagon. 30. Coli. my. Head of Apollo laureate turned to left B. Horse free standing e face a left 31. From one of mine cast (Carelli, p. 100, 22). Juvenile head dia- this time a d. R. Aquila a d. from side left NOYKPIN, from right TAYROY. The Avellino {Opusc. II, V, 17) he read rXlYlOY; the Fiorelli {Catal. n. 6847) CA«IOY; Mr Imhoof-Bl. {Monn. gr. 35) calls the FAYPOY lesson false given by Carelli. 32. Similar diademed head. R. Aquila with the legend NOYKPIN, and on the right. STATIOY. 33. Mia coli. Juvenile head diademed a d., to nape E e below VP, of below around the neck the Eckhel {Syll. tab. 1 , 3) he read KPA e omitted the monogram hP that in the specimen say Vienna it is certainly more that it is not in mine. R. Lightning, upstairs NOYKPI, of under 5TATIOY. The Eckhel he read of below al lightning IVH, afterwards in the D. n. v. I, 114 did not give that KOVKPI. The Mr. Imhoof-Bl. {Mann. gr. n. 36) in place of KPA recognized KEA i.e. KEM. 11 mine exemplary with- stops KPA, and secures 2:TATIOY. TEEINA Back in the day of Pyrrhus the first city of Magna Grecia which you met on the way yeah for the Tyrrhenian Sea it was Terina, colony of the Crotonians near the river from Lycophron called òxCvaQog and for allegory of his vehemence course, Bovxsgwg "AQrjg. He had this river of meeting to his foci a small island that second some and with they Lycophron yes he called Terina again. Ibid it was said that was Ligèa, one of the three Sirens, was buried. He would like to Stephen of Byzantium that also the river would appeal Terina, but it is rather the source, which yes you see represented on coins, like the source of Naples reversed of imagine of Sebeto. By this colony we don't know other if not that it was of- built in 360 from the old Dionysius, who donated it the territory to the Locrians. How then and from who yes would put it back anyway there it is unknown, but she it was resurrected if it was occupied by the Lucanians in 389, to whom then in 434 the removed Alexander the Molossian. Dead this one she obeyed ai Brezzii, that they kept possession up 481.
In the long war between the Carthaginians e the Eomani Terina from the ones e give it others had a suffer serious damage and finally the year 552 it was date set on fire by Hannibal for fear that come in hand of the Eomans. Plate CXVII. 1. Mus. British {Catal. 385, n. 1). Head of a woman belt of diadem that also supports the mass gods hair re- called to cervix; upstairs TEP'ES/VA. R. Woman with in his hand a branch of laurel, that standing look from the front a left, a d. A>liM, around crown of laurel. 2. Head of woman similar, i hair though I am knotted in globe to cervix, upstairs TEPSNA. R. Woman winged of prospectus that look a left bringing one crown in right. 3. Head of a woman crowned with laurel on the right, in front of TEP. R. Woman winged in prospect who looks at left e supports with both two hands one I know that le ago circle on boss. 4. Head of woman with hair arranged like a shell