Doctrine of Ancient Coins, vol. 6 — 1797

a) in lobert T. II, p. 3^8. (Roll. II.)

b) L. I. c. 38. c) 1. c.

Oh

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2.93

SVLP VRAN. ANTONINVS.

let Caracalla also be tribnendL Fa- teor, to hinder both of them completely for a year era, but there are no erroneous examples ram from the mints in the era of marking I would start And even here the epoch is the only confidence with which Antoninus tj- the cause of the ranni is based on As for Sulpicius, this could be the case whether Caracalla or Elagaba

lua 9 even if we diminish this. Just a name The Greeks gave Caracalla the name Se- yeri, the Etruscan name of Cupressenia, Gallienus Egnatius, Saloninae Chrjsogo- nes, to which appeals they abstain Roman gods. Ceierum yide more protracted about these gods' judgments at Hajmium, etc Bimardus *), Mazzolenus i»), and Maf- feium ^).

C. IVLIVS VBRVS MAXIMINVS.

C* lulius Yerus Maximinus, which hu- jusiihperator's names are testibusmar- character, was born in Thrace to these barbarians, one of whom was from the Goths His mother was from Alanis. His first yita shepherding, but with a more generous force a tuna from the strength of the body, which above he threatened the way, he dared to promise tere, conquered Rome, and with his pro- Seyerus was surprised by Tires He ordered to follow the army. Under this, and to his son Caracaila cnm yarios of his order dus peryasissct, from time to time I tire of Macrini He returned to the camp, whereupon he returned to the battle camp a little later by Alexander, ignorant ro then, which he would make, to the greatest honors for tolerance of hardships and the knowledge of military training He moved, and the commander of the supplies, which he himself had written in Pannonia. Y* C» 988 Alexander to the German war following him, the legions relied on him with recent hatred, and their affection, impe- an excellent creditor by faith he took it from the midst, perhaps about the beginning

Lulii, certainly not later as above in Ale* I liked Xander.

5 C. 988. P. X. 235. TR. P. COS. DES. P. M. P. P.

Severus Quinianus

Alexander Maximinus was killed by ex- the emperor was hailed as proof I dare not resist the senate soon. . Son He creates the greatest Caesar, and all Alexander's friends, either instead of destroys Crossing the Rhine No. 8 is going to war.

IMP. MAXIMINVS. PIVS AVG.

A laureate head^ also of rays

itt AE. IL P. M. TR. P. P. P. The emperor paludatU9 standing between two military signs d. eiata, s. a spear Av. AR. AE. I. 11. (Mus. Caes.)

same reverse* liberality AVG. Leadership standing. Av. AR. In other words: Emperor congiario president*- AE. I. (Mus. Caes.)

a) II. cc. b) about the tribe can p. 181 and 279. 0 Ant. Gall. p. 118

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Maximinus L

291

The same reverse. you wish DECENNIALIV8 inside the laundry the fault Av. AR. AE. I. II.

For this year, and part of the next tis referring to the intimate Maximinus, all who they abstain from the appellation of the Germans, which him in the tribe pQtestate II. to have been decorated then, from the coinage of the corresponding year*

r. C. 989. P. X. Z36.

TR. P. II. COS. P. M. P. P.

Maximinus Aug. , luh African cos.

He often defeated Germans, and great ones the disadvantages of their lands are largely in you've tasted it.

IMP. MAXIMINVS.PIVS. AVG.

Ci^t laureates. P. M. TR. P. JI. COS. P. P. Processes consular In others, other types are obviL In every metal and form. The same reverse. . VICTORY GERMAN St. C. Impe* r.ator paludatus standing d. raised, s. a spear he is crowned by a standing cap of Fictorius on the ground sitting down AE. I* (Mus. Caes.)-

In the same year 9 QERMANlCrS begins.

MAXIMINVS. PIVS AVG.

Germ. A head of laurels, too

radiated in AB. 11. P. H. TR. II. COS. P. P. Emperor sit down military standards

Bade adverse. VICTORY AVGVSTORVM. 8. C. Ma* ^iminus^ and Maximuspaiudatatistaatesdeaj* Ietasjunguut^ and at the same time holds Fictoriola.

Soldiers and prisoners are present. AE. I. (Mus. You kill.)

From the records of the yete con- stand, Augustus honors in the highest neck* tus has never been._ Why in this nitma and others like it only because of con- lot with his father in his honor par- He holds them.

After that, he was called a Germanic god. *with trib. they do not add power, per the rest of Maximini's years with no certain cri- they wander to the third, as: FIDE8. MILITARY - PAX AVGVSTI etc.

F. C. 990. P. X. J237. TR. P. UL COS. P. M. P. P. GERM.

Perpetuoy Comeliano cos.

Peaceful Germany Sirmium in the Hibema allows

MAXIMINVS. PIVS AVG.

Germ. Laureate head. P. M. TR. P. III. C08. P. P. Emperor^ standing among the military standards. In every me- tall and form.

F. C. 991. P. X. 238.

TR. P. IF. COS. P. M. P. P.

An. Pius Pontianus Proculo cos.

Dam war against the Sarmatians, in Africa the Gordians two Angsts hail* they remain in their names continuously all Rome, and most of the provinces to swear You killed them not long after the senate Maximinus Popiennum, and Bal- the two Narrows, and the June Gordian he succeeds in Caesar's matter. What do I understand? Maximinns, mad with fury, and Tindicta breathing, he set out for Italy. Oo a

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292

Maximinus I

Aquileia fled in revenge for Raenli, ad how persuasively defending himself dom for the sake of further adherence to military service cruel behavior and scarcity of food There he was killed in anger together with his son Maximus land Why is everything done against chro- the opinion of all of them is on this I will throw a year, below the system of experience will be given

The behavior of this prince is more from bel- luaCf than a man's ingenuity was. lam that from the manner of beasts, which mount the bus was lost for a long time within this shelter He had spent his life before he went to the plains. ^cultaque emergerel Nor indeed by the mass of the body, and incredible strength He was infected by warlike experiments, which there were so many, that the common Milo of Crotonia tes, Hercules, was called Antaeus, which not infrequently on the day of the Capitoline wine ra, and supported by sixty pounds of flesh And this is the way of his body when he laughs as well as his own would use the amendment, shortly city, so as not to be very popular with the prince onions, and roommates, but because It would also be useful to have a relationship, fie- and now days in the military more ctabiiis However, these things must be borne in part they would also have been praiseworthy, had it not been for the member- the brutality of rum had also passed into character. How ungrateful he was to Alexander he was beneficent, and he was cruel, above we explained As soon as he heard it, he was displeased to have been occupied with it, so great a property of Rome I was alarmed when I learned his courage it was so that vows were conceived in the temples they must never mention the city he would see the stream. Nor was he disappointed in the com-

the morning of the world's opinion pter inexhaustible cupidity killed with no discrimination, whose a more suspicious faith, or a richer fortune, or with whom his early ignominy co- she would have been convinced, of course, by him he had made, as he professed to be, the government It could not be held except by cruelty It was done, as it were, in ancient times had names, Cyclops, Busiridis, Pha- larides, he would deserve it. But never The beast appeared more delicious than when He received the deed from the senate by which the enemy of the government was judged. llisissa then the head walls, sometimes in ter- that he threw himself off the ram, cried out that he was aware of the royal dress, the neighbor that he received each one with lashes, the author is Capiolinus ^). Why when nrbs ex- every one trembles from being irritated by this fury jneret, never a greater messenger to us, he was received with joy and congratulations, than he who promulgated the slain tyrant whose faith was a little doubtful at first after confirming the arrival of both, pa- three and his sons, the head, which for some time public purpose, from time to time in the field March insulting the people with flames then there is c).

Yxor Paulina, of whom below.

MAXIMINVS. PIVS AVG.

GCRM. Laureate head* V. M. TR. P. II. COS. P. P, Impera- tor paludatus standing among ^ign military. In every metal and form.

MAXIMINVS. AND MAXIMUS

AVGVSTL GERMANIC head

a) Gapitolin, c. 4. b) Chap. 17. c) Capitoline. in Maximus c. 5'

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Maximinus L

293

ta adversa^ MaximiHi laureaium^

Most naked P, M. TR. P. III. C08. P. P. Maximi" nus paiudatus between iignft military HtauM Hercules is crowned before the altar you; from opposite standing Maximus paludatus d. bowl, s. a spear, with which Apollo stands naked «. iu-cum holding, in the midst of these A woman stands with a ball in both hands holding ^ AE. max. mode from double me- tall (Mas. Caes.)

Yide, what about this god below in mo- I will warn my son not to.

Of years and tribes. in the power of Maximinus

and about the boundaries of the empire of the Gordians

Balbinij and Pupieni.

Nasqnam is more involved in this part Roman history, to such an extent that they were at odds with each other To the Teteribus, so as to avoid doubt, Their ignorance is more surprising, cam the history of the kings of the world whose age is not greatly different from his own ^distabatf scnbere nieditarenten,^ or osci- so much, when the crisis left everything at random and they seem to have sent letters by chance. From these announcements Maxim ordered less than 2 years tcI III. Phone them YL 100 days after Gordiani had ruled Africa. )am year I.* months TI , already years so yi But Albinus and Pupienus already 22 days, already 3 months, already whether I. or II. The remaining nolas, which they bring, or they are not connected with another after saying things, or "they are open lies" they I do not want to mention for the sake of brevity rare lynx, because explain them JAm ha- they are in Tillemontius to Maximinus

known, as well as with Mazzolenus ■). To these to rely on the monsters of testimony would be the most educated of our age to obtain this in fine, as the more they investigated, the more ignorant and whatever they felt they would embrace it, they would distrust it themselves Why would it be better if whatever from these narrow-minded ho- minibuses, which among the Capitoline om- no chance to be hired, written down they are, we will be asperna, and from the branches by faith, of which there are no more incorruptible witnesses we have the chronology of this age we will measure And according to this plan* then it pleases Taria to ex- to depend, not on whom I hope, darkness me I will push them all away, but by whom it is clear, what in all this cause let us be persevere, and what difficulties there are in each sentence oppose

I. Maximimts was killed in 5 C. 991 P. X. 238.

All praise to Yiri, Onuphrius, Petavius, Calvisius the death of Maximinus October of the year V. C. 990 P. X. 2J7 ad- they fixed, more opportunely others in the year Y. C. 991. I abstain from the arguments with which an attempt to establish a more rigid opinion cst Tillemontius ^). I'm going to do something with the world.

fstud evict the intimate Romans as well to the nation, rather than to the senate council of bronze. if born, in which the tribe is noted. power IV. Calling the faith of these into doubt runt Tillemontius «) , and others before Tiri most standing But the existence of its kind not pancos, the only museum attests Caesarea, in which you are not listed

a) Aniraadv» I. de trib. can p. 149. b) Note Y. in Maximinus. c) 1. c.

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Maximinus L

dupUcibus seryantar quataordivers this registered in the tribune to overtake others which are recited in accurate catalogs However early the government of Ma* you should order the sheep, because those who have the most they anticipate, at least from March of the year Y* C. 988 lead, and wherever renoyati tri- to use the correct sentence, it is necessary Maximinus tribunate lY. in the year Y* C. 991 to be postponed. How gray through this one those who gave birth to him should labor under the tribune They assert that the government was established, enough cx it appears in the limits of his empire*

11. The defeat of the Gordians in Africa could happen only in the same year F. 100% $9f. P. X. 238.

Let Fetaius and Calyisius begin this in the year V. C. 989 P. X. a36, Tillemon- tius V* C. 990 P. X. 287 •). To both of them the opinions of the gods are opposed to the song. Vo- we will take the sentence of Tillemon in judgment for this overthrow is much more laborious says Petavian.

We said in the previous article, In fact, Maximinus and the tribune IV* i of whom others prefer the mark S* C* and them without doubt 5* C. 991 struck. But on what grounds could that be true, if so? )am the previous year they had failed Gor- diani? Witness Hcrodiano and Capito linO) when he first reported to Rome that is, you were the ruler of Gordian in Africa 86 was brought forth, immediately the victim of Maximinus He was judged by the senate, given to all the governors of the letter, that they may be wary of all You were persecuted, soon reversed, and his broken images" and into friends

with all cruelty Or fathers who put Maximinus from S. C. they had overthrown the consul of the senate on the other to strike money in his name ravished, that always the highest power* Was your confession taken? Or the same pa- three, who soon began their studies in the Gordians these are marked by the watery name of the testa to do, at one and the same time and no \is these Augustus, whom his conservatorcs to recognize and judge the enemy of the country did they dedicate a net? Who ever did that? will he be persuaded to be healthy? But forgiveness must be given Iris illustrious, who the previous year to prefer, since the gods of Maximinus with court IV either they were ignorant, or in they have no place for doubt.

III. The murders of Balbinus and JPupinius were not serious he could have happened to the wfnm at the end of Lullius F. C. 991. P. X. 238.

The number of Gordians is considered frequent III. signed in Egypt, who im- perished yil. , namely, they offer L. Z. Since it is certain that Gordianus was killed about se Martio V* C. 997, ct Aegiptios ul civil years, as well as imperial years 29. Augttstirenoyare usual, necessary is, that the year VIL should take place, in the year 50 Gordiani before the 29th day. of August V- C* 991 the station to be assigned, quo On the day of the rising, L. B. immediately began to write. This Gordianian year ended with an extraordinary end "lean" is collected either from the very rare tate the numbers of the Alexandrians, com tt- the gods of other years abound.

a) Note ly. in Haximin.

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Maximinus I

295

IV# ^nacephalaeo9UrerumannoF.C.99f P, X. 238* to cut off the preceding ge^ of the ages

Maximiniis Y. C. 990 Domitis Germa- he returned to Pai\{ionia with Sir- it has been a long winter, and everything to the rear from pedition, gentibns in septemlriones having decided to make war, he agreed. Y. C« 991 sub ipsas Kalendas lanuar* oc- began to trib power IV. yesterday the rule of March Gordian in Africa The guards greet Maximinus. The suffrage of the Africans He approves of him, and the enemy of Maximinus jumps On the fifth day, since the movement Maximinus understood this when Sirmius with all his army to march into Italy begins *)• This was done about the beginning April * A little after I was killed in Africa a Capelliano, governor of Mauritania diani The senate alarmed Balbinus in this matter and Popienus should appeal to Augnstos, and He demands this war against Maximin. Maximin's journey, because he was angry and fe- stinatom, because of the necessary things in fact it is often hindered, even retarding by the river in the neighborhood of Aquileia, which so- During the winter season, the snows are widely re- At the end of April of Aquileia Maximinus, Pupienus, comes to his aid and Rayenna prepares an army. No because of the persistent champions with the hope of surrendering Maximinus from perhaps he is killed with his son by the soldiers of his father In the middle of May Pupienus returns to the city, and with his colleague Balbinus he manages to remp. Each of them, going out, is cut down The empire of the Gordians is born, whence the nu-

my Alexandrini L. A. until the next day 29 of August

£n the probability of this year's events a streak of undefeated numbers in the wake, indeed a great deal of washing away from that which, according to the historians, the stimulus is woven together, and therefore less disturbed and delusional, trashy rum and fat Minerva we are disgusted That's for sure, it's very good to agree with the order which he held Herodian, a contemporary writer, though not ad- the most careful, yet the best of evils.}

Coneu

Maximinus had succeeded the consul V* C. 989, presumably from the received fashion pro- Ximis Kalendis lan. result of the election with whom they teach the gods and the fast also witnesses here was the consulate mouse, nulTo before this other son of the earth brought forward" lemme, they are ignorant of God's wrath; truth The most keen-eyed Capitoline saw more of these, by which witness the senate Pupienus and Balbi it was not proclaimed: the present year (V. C. 991*) with Maximinus Gvrdianus is sufficient. No He is silent, he continues this question further. matter, how abundantly his years fall ' gods, whom we have brought, in which pre- three times power IV reads COS. yes* complex If Tillemon had had faith in them tiuS) would not have been necessary, this Capito- Lini's place, as foolishly intended and ab- explain the deaf, so naturally a liar to soften ^). The gods of Maximinus ptos COS. 11. They do not know the sincere catalogs.

a) Ilerodian. b) Note V. in Maximin.

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296

PAVLINA

Germanicus and Daciens^ Sarmaticus*

Brought to Maximinus \\Im\\ Germanic mQ" the smallest in the year Y. C. 989. At sometimes marbles him not only Ger'- the Manic Max*, but also the Dacian Max*, and Sarmatian Max. they call it added tribe power III 9 what kind of yidere is at the village of Gruter i58 n. 6. , and in co- not many miles ahead of him found near Essekin *).* £x quo

it appears that Maximiniim after Tietos Ger* Manos fought with A. Y. C. 990 The Dacians, and the Sarmatians before Sirmium would grant in the winter Capitolius ^), and Herodian was already at war with them not to remember the deeds of the nations, but so they mention the light, that I had him in mind, the Sarmatians, and all the Gepmanians barbarous nations under the ocean li.

PRETIFM

Roman commas:

Golden • RRR

Silver •••••.' • C.

Copper max. mode • • • • RRRR«

Bronze 1. and !!• form C^

Bronze 3 forms •»•••••••• 0«

Stranger commas:

The city of the free, and of the colonies. . R.

Alexandrian •*••..•»• ••R«

PAVLINA

Ammianus says this about the wife of Maximinus Marcellinus <^) : that she had been pla you kill, and her husband is often cruel maDSuetadine had been to better plans reyocatam * His aomen nor he which other one should betray. Let them judge eradicated, to be judged by the gods, who The registrant in the name of Pautina > though cer- so they do not hold the ration of his judgment. Abbot Fontenu Pauli too precisely

for he decided to marry Maximinus because of ca 9 that Maximus Caesar faced her he brings a lot, that is, to make a rower lius d)^ Yivae nuraismat^desuht, conse- He repeated all the signs of the cration up to this point they prefer £x in which he trusts, if only it was on the day of this August, her husband died. If the faith of Sjncello, and of Zonaraei from him Maximino dd was brought to death.

a) Schdnwisner Iter Rom. pcr Paun* p« 67* Tom. X. p. 467

b) Chap. 13. e) L. XIY. went under d) B.L.

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PAVLINA

29 i

DIVA.PATLINA Captnvelatum CONSECBATION* Paoo stana. AR. In to others: Peacock with a few spears

I would emphasize Afi* AE« I. In others : Diana luci- beasts in the city going in A£« L (Mus. Caes.)

PttETirM.

Roman commas:

Golden •••.•••••••.•« O.

Silver ••••«.••••••• BH.

Aeneas I. forms • • • •.••••»• B*

Acts 11 and 3 of the form •••••••, O.

Peregrine commas •.••••••••• O*

c. tVLirs rERrs M^xmrs.

Son of Vaximtni, and perhaps of Paulina seeun^um those which a little before in this We have lost money. Yt excellent for^ ma, thus he behaves in the most impudent manners to do, at the same time, pride did not bring datj of which he mentions several examples, Ca- pitolinus in his rite. From his father in the impe Caesar's father was called Caesar in the wars follow the honorific name Ger- manici', and according to the marbles also He received the Dacians and the Sarmatians *). later his mother shared a fate with his father, flying into this one also in Aquileia by the siege of the army with fury, as above in We explained to his father. Killing others of age aiino XXI., a)iis XVIII. is held ^). Capitolinus, who did not Bf axiom him, as not like the marbles, but Maximinus says, He confesses his ignorance.

Betrothed to him was Luna Fadiila ^ro- the niece of Antoninus as a witness to Capitolinus. His

celeb issued a coin Bejne from the museum Bentinckinscriptum: iVNIA. FADILLA» AVGV8TA. S PIETA8. AVG. 8. C. A woman standing with a boy. AE. I. «)• Him I am so much less afraid of burning spurious things since Tir himself confesses to the illustrious, no mum himself never to himself, but alone that the picture had been exhibited.

r. C. 988. 989. P. X. 235. 236. CAESAR PRINCIPAL wrong

rVL. VERSE MAXIMUS Slaughter or: C. IVii. VERSE MAXIMUM MVS Slaughter A bare head

piety AVG. The instruments of the pontificate. In others: PRINCIPLES. IWENTVT18. Cae- sar pdtudatus standing among the military signs, d. daciltumy s. fiesta AB AE. I. II. (Mus. Caes.)

a) Gruter p. 158. 6. b) Capitol. iuMaximum. c. 1. c) ComroeDt. Gotling. Vol. IV. p. 113 . rel.) Pp

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MA.XIMVS CAESAR

F. C. 9S9. P. X. 236 et seq. CEAS Ah. PRllSC IFFENT OERM.

4F

MAXIMUS CAESAB, GERM

He catches her naked. piety k\G. Pontifical instruments. Av. (Mu8. Cnes.)

This coin will be sold he lies; for besides this golden one It is not of Caesar's knowledge.

The same adverM The same part turned away, $ed it^ iegmentQ in^ lower S. C. AR. (Mus. Caes.)

^ Numus singular because of the mark S. C, which, as is clear, from gold coins and silver is usually absent constantly. Rather to suspect the fall of the currency, than Tanis to indulge in conjecture* Atquineqnespon- tell Yelim, is this really true? fiuiaum, although the same mark in some lt8 also aureis Diocletianrnobter?arim.

Notice the same. VICTORY AVGVSTORVM. St. C. Ty and see from the great god of the father. AE. L (Vail.)

MAXIMINVS. AND MAXIMUS

' AVGVSTI The Germans Heads

contrary to Maximinus Laur^atum^ Ma-

for a long time

P. M. TR. P. III. COS. P. P. etc. AE.

max. mode (Mus. Caes.)

I have already described this illustrious monument father's money In this maxim only by In consortia with his father, he is called Augustus. in which honor he himself was never adorned

as the verex appears in the present tense, in which he is presented with a naked head. 6ic and in iium Cihyrae Phrygiae: AT K.F, I .OTH, MA- HeiMeiNCC.K.r.r.OTH.MAElMOC. KAICAP. C€BB. , even if ro CGBB either that he embraces, however, the father alone he is with a laureate head, fiJius, because Caesar he was only naked. What &i in two the museum of Caesarea in Magnesia, and with the seal of Phocaea he is a laureate head, This Augustus oon argues, for and in to these with this very ornament it is said tumKAICAP., even if we say, was said by his father, the emperor, that you Btatur Capitolinus *) I employ Titus, and we shall often see others, that someone could be emperor, no August The more recent acri- ptores emnes Augustus dictitayere, noo both with the faith of the historians and of the two of the numbers, which one Goltzins Tidit he approved, he promoted us, because No one has yet been allowed to fear the like not with the same herald right to be despised mouse Therefore be Maximus one with Caesar contented with his dignity, nor himself Augustus will exist, except that this time* rio hpnore the present father breathed, cu* We have already seen an example in Diadume- niano, and hereafter we shall see more Tetrico junior, Carinus, aliisqoe, m especially Vol. VIII. in Observatis gen. 8ub titilo Augusti.

But the god of another cxUibet Maxi* mum, to whom stands ApoIIo conseryator usually He did not know then, how treacherous he was God will desert Yadimonium. For as reported by Herodianus and from him Capi-

a) in Maximinus.

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a*. QVARTINVS.

299

toliniis ')) BeleoQSf sire Apollo in Aqui- 1f he stood at the siege for the townspeople, yi- and the soldiers of Haximin were far away for the city

Numi reUqui: PRINC. IVVENTT- I received yours.

PKETirM.

Caoimaiis Humani:

Gold in the Caesarian museum, fort only

Silver •••••••••••••• BR.

Aenei L and IL^ Ibrmae ••••••••€•

Aenei IIL fbrmae • * ^ ••••••• O*

ConHnaHs pere^rini :

Liberation of cities and colonies • • • • • BB Alexandrini ••*•••«••••• RB»

T. QFJRTINFS.

Tyeum, rel Titnm which Capi* Tolinus in Maximinus, and Trebellius Pol- lio in Tyranncr XXIX. from Osrboenis in Germany fighting against the Great They deliver the acclaimed iroperator. Herodianus calls him Quartinus Ouarcinum Mediobarbus* after Paul Purpiira and ?ita exuitun

To this Mediobarbus after the Strada He gives the silver mum: I give to TITO.

Capm radiated. X CONSECBATK). j^ra^ It is quite evident that he was Titus Ves pasians, and from the number of the with the times of Trebonian in honor of the consecrated Caesars, that already Tidtt Valesius «)• Here if anl? the apostle Zeno had taught him, no he would have congratulated himself, this tyranny nor money, but the flesh bought 9 in the hand to have gone ^)» »

OORDI^NFS L AFRICANFS PATEtt.

. He was born of an illustrious family, his father Metius Marullus, the mother of Vlpia Gordiana, enm- that with the blood of Herod Atticus Olearius throws the stick «)• BeipubKcae

raised the fortifications early reputation for debauchery and other virtues is obtained, chiefly by magnificence, and with liberality, as in aedilty through

a^ ra Maximinus c. 22-b^ L. VH. c. 1. c) B. U T. XII. p. 3iU.

Tom. 11. p. 282. c) Pbilostr. tite i>oph. p. 4^9.

pp. a

d) Swiftly

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300

GORDIANI I. AND n.

ihgentes paternal iomas opet ecIencUft He connived with the ravens. Maxiiii« in ur- ^e magislrales, and doubly contributed completed by Alexander in Africa He was sent as proconsul with the addition of his son, the legate. £a in the province when he was in the midst of all love, and both fortunes He had an accident. Indeed, the greatest even a certain manager in Africa, when from the richer ones he would demand by violence and insults, from a noble a conspiracy of some youths He was killed in the act. More serious faoc.facinua cam would be, as from Maximinus, whose Aatelles was worshipped, to be considered worthy of pardon he could, immediately to Gordianus, who Tjsdri then acted, they flew away, and him reluctant, and eighty years of age the year before the purple yim they fell in love, and together with their son Augustus they proclaim at the beginning of March Y«C. 991 4 as an aupra in Maximinus Terisimil I said £a matter not only from the university for Tincia^ but immediately from the senate also, and the whole city hates Maximim graianl^

accepted, fiBClumqtte aenatasconmltiim, by which the abrogation of the tjranno empire^ and when he matured in Africa, he honored Gordianus He was confirmed to both * But not long "o" I enjoyed the first honor of the new Augustia it was allowed For Capellianus of Mauretania Pi*oearator was angry with Gordianus, because had sent him a successor, when he had great mi- Mana flies off the coast of Carthage. What When Ordianus heard this, he thought he was strange by resisting so many forces, he would see no other ci^ra would be exposed by the enemy, the snare he spends, himself with each son ii^ tomaltu^ and I am beaten with promiscuous malice, after"* which, however, can be gathered, one month and half in the image of leadership they would have lessened the desire of the Caesars, qoa the senatns could reason with reason, either which is referred to among the gods.

Yxor Fabia Orestilla Antoninus ptis *)• Ejua dwarfs are missing*

Froles: Oordianusli Anim^riotw^ read, of which next. Meiia FanBlina married to Laniofialbo consulari ^).

eORDTANFS IL AFRICANFS FILIFS.

Upper Gordiani from Fabia Ore* his son His liberal form, \\' Terafum studies, and excellent character let Capitolinus contribute, even if his life was too much delicate, and the love of women pat, as he who concubines 24 aueyiss^t, so as Priam of his time it would be called * Questuram by reproach under Elagabalus, prefect and consul then under Alexander Gatus sent to his father as proconsul in Africa

added to that which we have expounded to his father, only the government is found there, and the murder when it was six and a quarter the last ^).

Yxor is uncertain.

The son of Gordian III Augustus. At- that these three Gordians he knows history Tera, numique, those who are so unwelcome no ancient antiquary had ever intruded on Gordias whether any quartet, but which one already he admits no one into the council of the Caesars.

s) Ci(pitolin. c« il. b) Capltolin* c 4* c) Cupitolin. c. 15*

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GORDIANI 5 AND n.

3bi

Tide of these M^ote ^spataatem 8pan« hemiiiiii *) i and Bandurium ^)«

into the forests and the Hordians.

When both Gordian gods let them prefer the epigraph of the capital, and the same, dempta unica, aver«a8, so- lum crisis, ad ntrum ainguU perti* I don't know. it depends on the heads of the peristaai. observe Tavi postalioa, soaioritvultumestenon- nothing oblon^um, and a thin nose a little hunchbacked, probably fat ezedente, and the second boc Terum it can be, qnod ex. Yulca Capitolinus recites this to Terentius ^), that Gordianus the elder represented Au» I have tasted Tultum in my old age Wiping. Against the younger man's face gis contract, for what reason Pom- it has been regarded by some as a as it is reported in the same place, fatter, (for in the same place the obese escaped from the body's pro- it is said) that the forehead was scaly, perhaps because of love weather the weather These criteria are in the works for others they are clear enough, for others difficult iiius cricriaren, whose faces most which he has in addition to Gordianus an age too fuTenile, which refeiTe the octogenarian does not ask for any agreement" Seoun- while the rule of Yaillanti was inscribed in the nnmi P. M. 1 IL P. COS- P. P. to GordU- do they belong to the elder the writing is not found in Gordiano Filionon <<)• I believe, Tiru's sign not only pro- pter the features of the mouth, which we call these If they persuaded the Gordians, they would come

tending to self-sentence read only Au- older taste, when two years old gnsti, the greatest pontificate has passed away. But after not many days from Gordias by our death it is certain that the two were united the greatest pontiffs, Balbinus and Pupienus, why can't he do the same honors Rat also be carried to both Gordianus? To these things, if these gods are added to the account P. M. are to be taken by Gordiano junioriy the same because of the addition of simple COS, they will be taken later; for witness Ca- pitolino, nt below in the title of Consul Ti- debimns, senior still private process let him be consul again, once junior; as if indeed, so little in Gordian's father His consulship would have been dismissed after his death \ double, how little double consulship Balbini and Pupieni, whom the private obi Terant And this was the reason why once upon a time in the description of Caesarea's museum in addition, with a more juTcnilio face P. M. Gordiano junior tribe* I would have thought it was the end. But after following I want to see the reason why Balbinns and Pnpientis put in one tcmpore were said to be the greatest builders, not being able to read to the Gordians, and with longer use I am not always praying to the Capitoline to earn credit, which would yield They must be new, since the true account of history He advises another, to volunteer for Teritatis aiQor he forces, that the opinion of Yaillantius is true we will give these gods to an elder, reli- but what is described above in the chapter I will define them, although here it is not uncommon it is doubtful that it must have happened

a) Tom. U.p. '2'^. b) Bibl. whether arctic 150 under Loanne du Bos c?l. d) No. available T. I. p. 152. edit. Rom.

c) in Gordian II.

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302

GORDIANI I. AND II.

because the greatest enemy has been judged the gods of the Gordians were plundered, neither he had coined the image of these eras" to express, since many years already away

And Othonia and Pe8cennii, so both even the Gordians are considered rich in coins mata from falsariia to yetua model ef- fictitious, by whose fraud We must

Numi Qordiani h

IMP. C. M. ANT. GORDIA- NYS. AFR. AVG. Wash your head liability

P. M. TR. P. COS. P. P. Fir yogatu9

standing d. branch, 8* Bcipionom^ AR. A£. 1"

(Mus. Caes.)

Numoa with this averted to one Gor-

to belong to the older dian" in animad-

I said as I walked forward.

NuttU Gordiani /. and It.

With the remaining numbers of the ayersa either they are common to both princes or were not to be joined, it was agreed that both must be included under the same title.

Notice the same. CONCORD AVGG. A woman sitting rf. bowl, s. cornucopiae, AR (Vaill. Be- ger in Gord. Sen.)

The same reverse. providence AVGG. Muiier standing d. bacUlut^^ s. comucopique^ and at the same time lumnae resting on a ball on the ground AR. AE. 1* (Mus. Caes.)

The same reverse, /

ROME. ETERNAL Boma on the scu^ d. Fictoriolam^ s.hastam AR. AE. I. (Mouse, Caes.)

same reverse* SECURITY AVGG. The following d. the scepter AR. AE. I. (Mus. Caes.)

The same reverse VICTORY AVGG. Stepping fiction , AR. AE. I. (Mus. Caes.)

We are taught by these gods, but not always db yictoria related, but also tan- then the hope of victory from the warning to have been used for tares. Gordian and the pus^ and the opportunity to report the yictory de- it was Laeli, therefore, gives the account of the omen here tjpus has a tendency to burn rapidly Maximinus, on whom the war was certain to prepare new Aiigustos.

The same reverse. . -^ VIRTVS. AVGG. Helmeted soldier standing. the shield on the ground hastanu AR A£. I-XMus. You kill.)

The number of foreign commas.

Colonies numbered with the Gordians the head has not yet been discovered, although of these not of Edessa, but more than suspected will give Sestinius, whom a little below Let us touch on the names by the way, and not bium iibefarum Samos with the head of Gordian the Elder tjpo Fortune's recent re[»ertum from mu* seo abbot d^Ennerjr recites cl. bean yais *). If you have faith in Arigonius, you will have his* and another signed by Antioch of Caria. The deficiency of these is supplied by the Alexandrians even if these too were passed over.

a) Hist. abr^g. let's go T. I. p. 347

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GORDIANI I. AND IL

303

Consul

Gordlanus was twice as tenor console, first of all Caracalla, de- then Alexander, eloquently reports to Capito linas •), that if T^rum, it is necessary that the consulships had been sufficient, for \r\ the fasts i>on are mentioned, but in his name only the tangled plexus is revealed, which it happens that there is a doubt about the erity This testimony may be permitted, as in the foregoing I warned with an observation. Son early The consul's uniform is the same testified ^).

Names

j4nionius * Who does not move his stomach veat d^nique, toiies and to disgust debating and ambiguating. Capitolinus, fu- Are the Gordians called /tonini, or ^ff- Ionians? ^). If for the futile things of the author he would have consulted the marbles and the gods The Greeks of Gordian III., in which they fully ANTONIYS is written, it would have been easy to ve- to find rum. Was it from the past? the genealogy of the lonians, again suspected elsewhere tor <1), but Ttx has persuaded anyone.

j^fricanus, says Yaillaniius, the name Africanus Gordianus by no means entered that the father of Africa was in charge, but that that he had protection from Scipio Africanus both would boast ®)« l^remuif, Tirum learned this opinion as cer- so to follow, when, however, Capitolinus, ex with which he plucked it ^) , let the snow fall, but rare opinions of Tanlum Tarioxum suppose that Terus himself was clearly present elsewhere.

the origin of Gordianus from Paierna by the Gracchi had been, though, as the author was not at all motivated dew, nor looked upon their te- the exhortation which he received from Antonius, Antoni- snow, Pompey, etc. to say the origin Why? not omitting these nuggets, he was pleased to follow a contemporary of Herodian, who speaking of Gordianus Africanus to rule with these songs about them: rta ^s xu^io» auTH ovofian %(>oPlKANON sna>^s(ru» Acl>' EATTilN, indeed his African name A SB ad- to teach Therefore this name from Gordianus A foreign tebac was introduced by the Africans.

2EMN02, In the gods of Alexandria read: A. K, M. AN. ROPALANOC, ceM. AclJP. and T. ceB. (Mus.Caes.Pel- lerin Mcl. I. p. «^5.) For CBM. not in by the collection of the former antiquarians, whom among others Yaillantius, read CeB. , so that in the same inscription would be double CeB., which is absurd for others to raise, out of po- to make one ncmpe €TceBi^p, Pius. But for Iiterae 100,000 they are i^xottMCfat Tocabuli ^Sfivog^ which to the Greeks is venerable, such as Capito- Linus^): For here life^ is renewable with Plato always^ with Aristotle^ with Tulr lio^ with Vir^ilius^ and the rest of the ancients attening another^ than, meritatury exit you suffered Pellerinius is unjust to Cion, Alexandrian gods, in which it was said CeM* is read, that Gordianus the Elder, that is, to whom this praise was given by the old man and the gravity of the manners, in which it is omitted, that he is younger. For weeks too

a) Chap. 4* b) Chap. 18» c) in Maccino c 3* in Gordianis e. h. 5* 17* d) Chap. 17. e) No. available T. I, p. 155* edit* Roro. f) in Gordian. c. 9. J7* g) in Maximinus. h) io Gordian* c 7.

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304 GORDIANI L and IL

be called Caraealla in the name of the colony M. A. K. F. A4>P. KAAOC. But him

Cassandrea •) and C€MfYt is Sjedra for many reasons Tideri false, already

city of Cilicia, as it was said in its place, the same-» I mentioned in the coins of the same Eldessa. But

which name was given to the council of the elders in the same way, with a certain late author of it

inmarmoreOxoniensi 167-

r«r«^wffJ^/fl»TW ir 2fjt»^vffy. «t I will teach rolumine last inAdden*

ETC*3w, Fius^ is said to be both of Gor- dis to Thomas III. page 5io, all tol-

dianus in the eity of the gods of Alexandria. tttur the suspicion of having been brought by Prince Bo-

KAAOC, Pulcketj if faith can be had in manolaudis, which yel woman in mo-

set the god of Edessa in Mesopotamia, whom I publicly announced and so seriously gave*

Sestine proclaimed l^), in which he wrote: ceret.

PRETfFM.

Commati$ of the Romans

Golden • O.

He knew nothing genuine of this metal Vaillantius testifies against Begei. From time to time that golden snum of Gordian the elder Cleanses protects the Taillans (^), and immediately the golden one Gordianus the Younger adds another ^). Another elder published by Khellius from the museum of Tindobensi Fran* cyano ^ , but who is certainly more sprightly, as himself av* I can testify roT^Tvig.

• Silver " '^^'^'

Horunis one of the largest from the museum com. Ario 6ti was published by Khellius 8), but which confidently inter * I thought to hire spurious men.

Bronze I. form BBR.

Aeneas II. and IIL forms O.

Aeneos ill. form, though of the utmost rarity, from c1 testifies that it still stands. Beaurais ^). I don't believe to be understood by him the great S. C. noted, such as thence from Antoninus Pius to Decius they did not have there If there are souls of subaerials, from silver They are not to be separated from the fleet. Foreign commas:

Yrbium Heberdrum. Tide said above in heaven a comma of pei^egrini.

Colonists • • • • O.

Akxandrint ••••.••• 4 •••• • RB.

a) Wilde lab. 20 b) The letter T. IT. p. 130. c) Num. available T. II. p. 296- ed. Rom. d) Thes. Brand, T. II. p. 720. e) 1. c. p. 721. f) Supply. Vail. p. 164. g) I. c. h) Hist. abr. T. 1 p. 3^4.

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BALBINVS, PVPIENVS

305

BALBINVS AND PVPIEWVB

At the hearing of the Gordian Bomas in Africa and Maximinus with Talidas the senate of Italy was alarmed led to the temple of Lovia Capitoline lat creates equal power Clodius Balbi whether, and Haximus Pupienus* He was the the noblest of the race, and again con^* eul, and many aniea provinces rector, and in addition to the just propaspianfi (for to lead the race "Cornelius Balbos It was believed that Theophanes he had earned the worse M« cirity) from mo» deration, sanctity of life, efficiency, as well as domestic resources, and the fo> the science of things pieno nuHus imaginom splendor, yerum He was born in the lowest place and was praised for his military service creyity by which name the highest in the rep* the magistrates, and even the consu- latnm is adepts. the rest by incor* mptps behavior, and innate severity equally loved by the people, and feared. y.ulgato the senate did not qoieyit the fleas, while Gordianus was the eldest child pos (it was so great in Gordians made) to be marked with the name of Caesar* Whereupon Pupienus went to war with Maximus* not having done so, Balbino went to the city remaining, gray seditions, which the soldiers rose up among the people rant, constantly I was struck between these at Aqoilea Maximinus Pupienos, qoi ad preparing for the war of Bavenna until now He tired, returning to the city, and incredible joy from colleague Balbin, patriarch and he was received by the people* But not much

after the sick soldiers that he knew Aognltt not by themselves, i.e. they had already been read, com and they themselves intef themselves salia cdns|iirarentt captured by the smell of the Capitoline He will attack both of them with all previous insults interficiont Y. C. 991 exeonte lolio, post^ I will not rule the third time noere, as above in Maximinus I said Yide Herodialum, and Capitoliuunu

rrumi BALBtm.

V. C. 99i. P. X. 23S4

TR. P. COS. Ih P. M. P. P,

Au* Pio^ Poniiaho Pfocuh eoo^

A. IMP. Slaughter Mr. CAEL. BABY KYS. AYG. Head of rays right AB tnaj motL to him AE* IL

B. IMP. CAE8. Mr. CAEL. BAtBI KYS^ AYG. I took the jauteaium i^ AB* my mode to him AE /.^

from IMP. C. D. CAEL. BAI^INYS^ AVGi Cufmi iaur^uiuM ii$ AV. ii AB

a ♦ 4

Cheap A. and B.

AMOB MVTVV8. AVGG. Dkae dexfe rae Juuctae Av. (Bege^ l^hes. Bi^and# T. II. p. 723, but whose mihl solpeetn faith.) AB. (Vail.)

The same adver$a. CABINET MFRVA. AVGGi Dkue de^ joined together AB (Vail.)

The same reverse. FWt&. MVTVA. AVGG. I>uae dojtierae joined AB (Mos. Caes.)

The same advcna

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306

BALBINVS, PVPIENVS

piety MVTYA- AVGG. two dexte- rejoining AB (Mas. Caes.)

Common to these tjpi, like all the others, Augustus to all three, but Atnor and Caritae let them pass through Balbino, as Fiden and Pie- i.e. in Pupien. Of course it had been desirable as this mutual love is perpetual within would have stood, at the beginning • pblato from time to time by Maximinus mutual goal auspicious, in the end fatal to both, polluted

♦ • •

No. iii. A.

LIBEBALITAS.AVGVSTOBVM Libe- raiiiai stam AB (VailL) AE. I. (Mus. Caes.) In others : Baiditms^ Pupienus^ Gor- dianum Caesar congiario prasideniee» AB I. (Mus. Caes.)

Ft. iii. A. PATBES 8ENATVS. On the right hand joined AB (Vail.)

Barissima atersa in Balbino, although ob- Tia in Pupieno. Both were elected by the senate The senate declares thee to be his father, and this tjpo perpetual harmony with this •poodet Commodus said in the gods there the senates are open, wherewith Tide ad year 5. C. 940

Ft. C. and B. P. M. TB. P. COS. II. P» P. in various iyps. AB AE. L (Mus. Caes)

As it went. B. and A. you wish DECENNIAL inira law the fault AY (Vaill.) AE. I. II. (Mus. Caes.)

The names of foreign cofnmata.

Iberium bribium until recently rcper- li taQtum Mil^ti, Tarsus, Thessalorum,

(Vaill. Theupoli) and Siphni. (Arigonl) Colonies are missing. But ha- bentur^i!0a;aiii^'i9iinscripti L. A., iique to pass through

Numi PFPIENL of the same title as Balbinus.

Pupien's medals, as I said above, they have common roots with Balbinus, except that other things are rarer in the hoe, others in another magts obViae. Don't worry there is no ceasing, it is rare in Popien siebere, demptis doubns, quonnunnum in Balbini coin unknown, alt^rumpro- pter history to be remembered.

A. IMP. Slaughter M. Clod. PVPIE MVS AVG. Head radiated in AR. maj. mode and AE //•

B. IMP. Slaughter M. Clod. PVPI^:- NVS AVG. Laureate head AB min. mode and AE /.

C. IMP. C M. CLOD, PVPIENVS. A VG. Laureate head In AV. AH*

Mr. Imp. Slaughter PVPIEN MAXf- MVS AVG. Laureate head in AB

E. IMP. CLOSE PVPIENVS AVG. I took the right AB. {Mas. You kill.)

As it went. C. BALBINVS. AVG. GOBDIANVS. CAE8. Capita adversa^ Baibini laureatenm, Gor* diani radiated* AB. (Mus. Caes.)..

Illastris numus, qai three of the same at the time the heads of the rulers stand. £a* they are woven also in the god Milctt *).

a) P^IIerius Rec. III. p. 237

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BALBINVS, PVPIENVS

301

Oordiafiii, though Caesar's, had his head radiated f amen is, who worships Diadumenianus who- which appears in some gods.

Fi Ht. A. and C. P. M. TR. P. COS. IL P. P. varu8 type. Av. AR. AE. I. II. (Jlas* Caes.)

I have chosen to mention these for the sake of COS. II. of which iiifra under the title Conmh

Numismatic comma/s foreign.

Have some free words too rons nnmoS) among whom the most excellent is that who Aegas of Cilicia was signed with the year epoch CIIA, which begins in the autumn y. C. 990. Colonies of one, namely Tjri, Pellerinius brought out the coin *), Kdlexan" drins are very rare, none of which a well-known game fnit Beauyaisib. There are two in the Caesarean museum 1 he finds several others cl. Zoega.

Names*

BALBIISIS Caclius Balbinus the tenth. In the famous Alexandrian museum of Caesarea: A. K. AEK. K. AN. BAABINOC. CGB The name AN it is an enigma that let it be filled with the reading of Annim^ rel Anto^ In other words, I want to be taught by others.

PPFIENI M. Clodius Pupicfms Afa- ximuSf the gods clearly teach them as well The Latins, whom we feared, rather than the Greeks in which M. nOTniH.MAHlMOC in the god Siphni (Theopolis), and likewise in of Alexandria Capitolinus, while in others for sci-iptors Maximum ^ in other Pupie*

Did Iege, having arrived at Hatiminum, fight ret, he is strangely disturbed, and does not know that he is pro- he is afraid, whence this error was born, unless he says, Ptienus is the same as Maxi. mouse That is why I set a witness, so that no one He would have believed that I did not know this, which was really the case it creates wonder and wonder ^).' The same doubt renoTat ih Maximo and Bal- At length his astonishment was abolished He congratulated himself when he read in Fortunatian, I know that Pupienus was called by his name. Mine Tcro Pateraa Maximum. to doubt in the matter of obTia could the man who a Constantine Aug. thanks to Tilas command* wrote rum, this is really a great stU' it creates a pore and a miracle.

tribe you can

^ Becitaturin mnseo Famesian bronze I. form, and from Mediobarbus argent, in which". Balbinus is conferred with the trib. can atas II , who so much favor that opinion lias, who commanded him with his colleague one year, and not two. But we have already proved it above in Maximinus, about three months, no more, ho- that the rum lasted Why does it guarantee these gods are either spurious or ill-behaved to suspect I'm sure you don't like Tidere as long as it was allowed.

Consiif.

'Balbinus is said to be the consul of the gods. no wonder, for twice he pro- Herodianus will be testified that he had really given up, and Capitolinus» But also Pupiennus in the heavens

a) Rec. II. p. Y. b) in Maximinus jun. chap. ult. c) Chap. 16.

Qi

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308

BAJLBINV», PV?IENVS,

obTiis diettar GOS II. , eom tanien CtpU tolinos to him nOnnisi simplioem oonsolaton^ triboat'). It is true that if two processions of course he would have commemorated the honor Rhodians, which he did not repeat in Balbinus. However, this is not the most important thing Aomoromaoctoritatem, qoam utrinsqoiQ historic

The Pope was born

Baclenos, com doo or tres ona ts^ sent ^ogostiy he was such a pontiff the greatest, he performed with dignity, x^* liqois inferioroni sacerdotiorom honoi*e

content En novom in Balbino and Pa- pieno exemplomi qoorom otromqa^ pontificate was the greatest com* they prove the name. I put it in both he also refers to the Capitolines ^), although I give nothing let Tetere command in the usual manner. Must» tari neqoit, istod patribpa Tisomt ot equal to the former with such power, qoana a greater dignity in other animosities there would be a consensus to corrupt But of no TO hoe twinned in otroqo these days of honor let us weep throughout the treatise on Ponti- fioe nuvnvQ,

fMBTirM of numbers B4LMINI,

Roman commas:

Aorei 8IUEIB.

'Argentei • • • « ^ ^ • . B.

Bronze 1. forms^ •«•«••'.. .^11.

Bronze 11* forms • • t HRB.

Aeneas III. form O

Commaiit peregHm » to ^iciom aUioa»

PXBTIFM numbers PFPIB^I

Roman commas:

Aorei . ^ BRBR.

Silver B

Bronze 1« forms ^ ...••. . B.

Copper 11. forms • • • * • • BBB.

Aeneas III. forms • O.

Conunaii9 per^grini i as said.

•) Chap. 15, b) Ch. 8.

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GORDIANVS in

309

M. ANTONIRS GORDIANFS lU.

Gordianus the elder from the son of Gordianus juniore t aot eacandum others ex son/t ne« po8. The year in which he was born is not known. tis is agreed, but his birthday is February 12L KaK eyincunt bioa Kalendaria at Buche- rium •)• .Vtroque Gordiano ¥• C, 991 Kill Tiolenta in the great city of Africa when extinguished, and died in their lo- when from the senate Balbinus and Pupienus, when the people of Pupien feared the severity ret, and through the incredible into the Gordians affectuQi, who in the case of rep. from Maximinus to throw away the life of the horribly beaten, ex of these nations he prefers a prince, a hostage* He did not stop the fathers in the Capitol while Gordian brought home the boy, whom some eleven, others thirteen, who at most, say sixteen years old* and being placed in the audience, Caesar ap- be driven*

F. C. 991. p. X. 238

CAESAR PnmC. IFFENT

They said. Pius Potttianus Proculo cos*

When Maxi arrived at the war Balbinus and Gordianus Bo<- May they resist Iitgente arose among the pre* the Torians and the people raised up in rebellion in the tall Gordian boy, and both displayed to soothe the mind, and to bring peace it shines Maximinus with his son Maximus killed at Aquileia gustls strengthens the control.

M. ANT. GORDIANVS, CAE8.

I took the fief.

piety AYGG. Imirumen^apontificaHa. AR. AE. I. (Mus. Caes.)

These are the only Gordians except Caesa ris of the gods, if you depose the gods of Balbini eC Pupien with the tjpo of Liberality, to whom Gor* Dtanus presides together with Augustus, etc the numus of Pupien, in which they are turned laureate heads of Balbinus, Gordianus ra* diatum* In front of the yarriors nurumum Greek oomparent also of all three pictures. In all these Gordia- He was constantly called only Caesar In the manner of the colony of Parian Mjrsiae* there is NOBLE CAE (Mos. Caes.)

In the same year: ^FQFSTFS. TR. A COS. P. M. P. P.

Balbinus and Popienus from the priori On the way out of Lulio, he killed Gordianus by the unanimous consent of both the Praetorian than the senate abjuring Augustus.

From the gods, whose mention tribe of power, and of comfort is cerU age, it appears, from Gordiano's names pri- mother PiV, then Felicis was now tribuned II. to be adopted, which was taken seriously never been left in heaven, if Li- demesne the gods of berality, of which in- fra separately Why the gods those who were in possession of these titles for a year the present, and part of the following right peiatineBt.

A. IMP. Slaughter M. ANT.GORHIA-

NYS. AYG. I took the laurel AF.AE. 51

a) Doct. p. 274

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3

GORDIANVS lir.

B- IMP. Slaughter M. ANT. GORDIA- NYS. AYG. Capnt radiaium^ in AB- maj. mode and j^E* //•

G. Imp. C. M. ANT. THE GORDIANS AYG. Cc^ut laureatumy iu Quinar,

Ft lit. B. liberality AYG. Ubertan standing d»capeum^ 9. a spear. AR. (Mus. Caes.)

It is not a matter of liberality the subject of the government's case But why write liberality, tjpus li- Did he stop being born? did that happen tari? The money is not under-aired, its- which double model is the most complete in the Caesarian museum.

Ft lit. R. PM THREE P. CON.P. P. Emperor ve- latu9 8tan9 before the plow d, the bowl^ t. tci pion" AR (Mus. Caes.)

This particular god will be dealt with in tra* clatu de trib power

Ft lit. /i. you wish DECENNALIBYS within the fault AR. and with the addition of S. C. AE. I. (Mus. You kill.)

Numus memorandns yidebatur prop* Three whole decades soon after the entrance of the empire conceived

The rest of the names are printed on the faces: Mundane- tia^ PaXy Fictoria^ Firtu9 Auff.

It should be noted that I have not yet seen it Gordiani nnumum with a simple TR P. although there are many who They offer the written tribunatns. No Indeed, in place II. described by TRI P. he speaks, but the dnbia which pre- Munt, in a treatise on the tribe power for I will put

F. C. 992. P. X. 239*

TR. P. II. CO^. P. M. P. P.

Ordiano Aug. M. AciUo Aviola C09.

I do not remember anything certain about this year history

A* IMP. Cafes M. ANT. G0R1?I\- NYS. AYG. €(^ui radiated in AR. maj. mode *

B. IMP. 100 AES M. ANT. GORDU NYS. AYG. Laureate head in

AF AE. I. II.

m

Ft lit. A. and i?- liberality AYG. II. LiberaUtoM 9 AR. AE. I. II. (Mua. Caes.) We do not know the cause of this delay.

Ft lit. A. and R. P. M. TR. P. II. COS. P. P. Proce99U9 con9ulari9, and others of a strange type in every way metal and form.

It begins with PIFS. IMP. CAES. GORDIANYS PIVS AYG. Laureate head in AF. €t AE. /., radiated in AR. maj. mode and AE II. liberality AYG. II. Liberality9 9 tan9. AY AR. (Mus. Caes.) -

Yide, which is close to liberality I will lock my mother.

The same adverb. P. M. TR. P. II. COS. P. P. of various types. AY AR. AE. 1,. (Mus. Caes.) -

In numts T^v^\%x, Abundantia Aug. — Aequita Aug. 9 — Firtu Aug. 9

It begins with PIFS. HAPPY" IMP. THE GORDIANS PI YS. F£L. AYG» Head radiated.

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GORDIANVS m.

311

P. M, TR, P. 11. C03. P. P. Ifnperator. veldtuM. standing at the altar of sacrifice * AH (Mas. Caes.)

F. a 993. P. X. ZAO. • TR. P. III. COS. DES. 11. P. M. P. P. PIVS HAPPY

Sabinus II , Fenusto cos.

This was done in the following year by the Sabinians A&ica invaded the empire, but from the Moors by the treachery of the governor of Tania is captured Gordianus threatened the colony brings forth, which from this year his era leads Yide his gods.

* * ♦

IMP. GORDIANVS. PIVS.FEL.

AVG. Laureate head in AF.

AE. L 11. also in AR. usual mo*

duli^ radiated in AR. maj. mode

Full F'£LIX in ^E. max. mode P. Mt. TR. P. IIL C03. P. P. in various types. in every metal and form. The same is true. P. M. TR.P. III. COS. II. PP Apollo half-naked sitting formaplanemuliebri d. holding laurel branch, s, leaning on ipra. In and others of other types in every metal and form. The singular phenomenon is repeated under eoclcm the consulship of the tribune will be conducted in tiacatus de trib. power Apollo this with every spearhead in Gordian's numismfre who The yidtmus has already been coined Augustus, that is, Action. Of Apollo look at the form of approaching the woman Description des pierres du Duc d'Orlcans T. I. p. 191

F. C. 994. P. X. 24 f.

TR. P. IF. COS. II. P. M. P. P. PIFS.

FEL.

Ordiano Aug. II. , Civica Pomptifano cos.

Sapor, king of the Persians, son of Ej'usArta->' the Xerxes, who roused Parthia from the Arsacids again subject to the Persians, as stated in im* at the death of Alexander Severus, with all his forces Mesopotamia under the Romans he set foot not just for the East, but for the East itself It filled Italy with terror. Huge Gor- dians against an overpowering enemy ap-* ready This year Sabinia Tranquilli for the wife said.

Opposite, as in the preceding year.

P. M. TR. P. III. COS. no. P. P. various

printed in every metal and fornia

IMP. GORDIANVS. PIV8. FE-« 50 AVG. Protome Gordiani Lau^ - reata with a painted gown d. the scepter with the eagle

Pontifex MAX. TR. P. IIU.COS.IL P. P. Impractor in a team of horses d. laurel branch put the scepter with the eagle Fictoria insists^ the soldier precedes^ and others with palm branches. AE. max. rood double met. (Mus. Albani.)

Illustrift here^ we propose Gordias- nor the consular process this year then The judges saw a triumph in him, will be fudged in the treaty about the consuls Cap- wise Anyway, about this year's triumph it costs nothing.

F. C. 995. P. X. 242. TR. P. F. COS. II. P. M. P. P. PIFS.

FEL. C. Fettius Atticus^ C. Asinius Praetextaius

COS.r

Gordianus went out of the city by Moc- and Thrace into Asia, and in- from into Syria A year ago

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312

GORDIANTS IH. B.

defines CapUoHno» •)• Coll»»» wgnis ie- pe yictor Flavor fiesofoumia «ub- moves

♦ ♦ •

j^dversa , «/ t« pra^edenHbwt. P. M. TR. P. Y. COS. IL P. P. imM nariU in all tnetaUo and firm.

IMP. GOBDIANVS. PIVS- FE- 50 AVG. Laureate prologue. TBAIECTVS. AVG. The flagship of the ship cnjus puppi sedeiiemperaior Adsianie crowd tniliium You will be accompanied by a boat. AE. max. mode (Mus* Farnes.) AE. II. (Mus. Caes.)

Gorus passed from Thrace into Asia Dian reports to the Capitoline, what had been done the wolf begins, I think with Hel- He would cross the bridge. Cofljicit Tille- mountain, these names can be praised the jeclom of Eophralis *»), but laxier naTia structure, and especially the dolphins flu- T.io adTcrsantur Taroen to the Euphrates will belong to the bronze II. fbrniaer .q«o» sic Vaillantius describes: TRAIECTVS* AVG. On the navigiaponsy which he crossed the emperor of the marshes with his soldiers going to Victoria I am a torch from the natives > were joined by a bridge. Or after Xerxes another shall join the Hellespont there, my son unknown

Liberaiaies Gordiani reiqua»

A.

IMP. GORDIANV8.PIV8.FEL.

AVG. I took the rndiatum. LITERACY AVG. III. Freedom sian AR. (Mos. Caes.) j4iii capiie iau» reatoy added to it S. C. AE. I. II. (Mus. You kill.)

IMP. CAE8. M. ANT. GORDIA- J9VS. Cmput radiated ^

LITERACY AVG. III. UberaKtmM

standing AR. (Mus. Caes.)

C The same epigraph. The last head*

day

LITERACY AVGVSTL IIL S. C.

The emperor presided over the council. AE« I.

(Mos. Caes.)

Mr. Imp. GORDIAK VS. PIVS FEL. AVG. Capmt radiatm».

LITERACY AVG. llil. LiberaHias

standing» AR. Atius with a golden head, and ad-

dio Ss C. AE. I. (Mtts. Caes.) la aiio tg-

pus AE. I. (Vaill.)

Qoatoor from the liberal gods of Gordian

we had known the fathers, qoaromoroniom

neither occasion, nor time enough

we have known But in these liberal then I deny the letters of the head of the daughters-in-law they made it into a mirror. I said to year 5 C. 991, Gordianota Boanisi in the second year of the reign of Pius Felicis to have begun to use them, in men annovrom the consequences were not large sos ReTcra 8o|i liberality IIL mimi infringing this law in others ot Tidere is the letter A, the owner of the epigraph phe of the capital to this age, ni- the wonderful names of Pius Felicis, in other sobs R and C in the epigraph, of the first empire i^nno Taloit, with the name of liberality tisIL, qoos anno 993 exhibimoSt sal- they should already add the name of Pius. I don't want to prop- three times the law to restore these names alone. but I will say that the difficulty is to be chosen dO | the generosity of IIL numbers R and C in fact the same as II. to be, and from to other weavers added liberality, coi

a) Chap. 26. b) to ann. 2^. arctic IV.

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gordianvs ni-

313

ipsov Tina cnm Balbino et Pupieno pre* eeclit^ as in Balbini we feared the gods, ab others neglected her, in the same way as Ha^ I said the consular hairs are variously numbered* rous, qain, and the liberties of Caracalla^ and Getae

F. C. 996^ A X. 243. TR. P. FI. COS. 11. P. M. P. P. PIF&

FEL. L. Annius Arrianb^ C, Cervonius Papus cos^

Gordiano, because of his good deeds, you stand in triumph in a chariot of elephants it is decided Moritnr Misitheus the commander to the palace, Gordian's father-in-law, whose pre- to give advice to the emperor's shield lemp correctly, and successfully administered. Philip of the Arabs was carried off in his belt captured by the desire to command, to envy He would conquer Gordiano, by deriving the treachery adversities were supplied to the army of others irritates the prince.

• •

In the year 99 V. M. TR. P. VI. COS. II. P. P* ^uriis iypia in the same metal and form

F. C. 997. P. X. 244. Th. P. yiL COS. II. P. M. P. P. PIFS.

Peregrino, Aemilidno co9*

Gordianus was already palafti miHtibus et Philip orders to kill him In February, or somewhat ^nftl> of which Tide Belleyum •).

This was the issue of Gottani, iHii adf^i^e- Ilantissimi prineipis digttitatem ntlril Jte-

it was, unless Tila was longer. Study of the people for the merits of his father's father were first said to Cae- sar, from time to time Augustus so through forms love kindness and kindness of manners he was so strong that the senate iiim, the people would call their delicacies* An insignia of excellent and upright character a joke that they don't lose weight with age the impulse of the mind, but his Misitheus he went on, the more learned, the more eloquent more clear in the plans of war and peace He did not have a pen, and he did not advise anyone I give the prefect of the praetorium, but also the socc" His daughter, Tranquillina, brought his rum he had chosen for himself. Tt was happy, indeed it was permitted to use the counsels of such a man, so in suc- the most unfortunate in choosing a rebel. For while Philip was born of a barbarian race, by whose arts Misilheus himself perished was due, she was sufficient in the place of the deceased He suffered from an ungrateful man, which already ani^alibns we stayed After my the burial suit at the castle of Circesius to settle in the borders of the Persians, This was seen by himself in the age of Lulian, and from afar Witnessed by Ammianus Marcellus nut £jus described the life of Ca- piiolinuSk

Wife of Sabinia TranfuiUin4i^ de qoa below

I don't know: IMP. GORDIANVS. PIVUS, PEL. AVG. Radiant head. P* M. TR. P. VII. COS* II. P* P. m- le8 stepping d. hmtam-y 9. -c^fidut^ AR« (Mus. Caes. MedioK)

43 also ^ff Niephe. "CapM Laureate" then"

a) ". L. T. 135 p. 06. {Fol. Phil)

R

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314

GORDIANVS UL

Kadem aversa addio S. C. AE, I. (IbiJ.) IMP. GORDIANVS. PIVS FE- LlX AVG. Protome laureate. P. M. TR. P. VII. COS. IL P. P. Circus greatest with obedience, bigis, judge buM, miiiidus, a triumphal chariot, in which emperor count Fictoria* AE. in no (Mu8. Albani, Theupoli, BuonaroUi.)

The same reverse" VlRTVS. AVGVSTl. TR. POT VII. The emperor seated in arms is crowned by Vi- to the thousands standing by. AK m. m. (Num* max. mocl. Reg. Gall.)

I have been more careful in describing these things akin to the pix>pter of those which have been dealt with of the tribe they will be taught power.

Numi wanders

ab inno F. C. 992^ quo iituli IHus Feiix

to help

A. IMP. GORDIANVS. PiVS FE-

50 AVG. A gilded head max. mode or ^H, or ^E.^ less often in AF. and /iE. //.

B. IMP. GORDIANVS. PIVS fur AVG. Gilded head in AF. AH. AE. /. //. , radiated in AH. maj. tmod. , more rarely in Alt. module or diharii^ and in AE. IL

« «

Ft. B. HAPPINESS P.O. R. Muiier standing d. Caduceuthj s. cornucopiae. AE. I. (Vaill.) Because of the address moduiQ numus me- He seemed to be staying.

Fi iii. A. Protome laureaia cum

I gave him a spear.

FAITH8. EXERCISE 8. swamp emperor*

the right sian is crowned by Ficioria reiro sian'

that is to say, I had left him to join the militia

at the bottom two river seats. AR. m. m. (Mus. Caes.)

The Mesopotamian rivers were placed below, as We have already seen in the coins of Trajan, make, in which the laurels have been plucked. Go to others The sun is also compared to the Gordian god quadriigis, by which is marked the taming of the East.

« •

Ancient uncertain.

March VICTOR Figure veiaia suhse

sacrificing in the presence of those two duals aiiis

temple ^ in whose peristyle is written:

0EOT.OnAQtl)DPOT, before the command-

pop the thing with the victim. AE. II. (VailL)

Ft. A.

VICTORY AVGVSTI Mars gasped

standing in the round temple, whose death

written: 0EO2.OnAOOPO2, a«-

that is to say, the emperor sacrificing Adara from the other side

standing, put the two figures aiiis^ iliine

by striking the stern, the victim was attacked

spinning AE. m. m. (Mus. Caes.) In another

it is read only similarly: OnAOa>OPOC.

(de Camps.) In the like is carried an inscription

perisiylio: nEPI. oriAO^OPOT , nul-

lo sense (Numi max. mod. reg. Gall.}

* Ft lU. B.

VICTORY AVG. The temple, in whose

frotte: N€IKH. OnAGcI>OPOC, iniue

idoium stans^ here the emperor stans

ius^ to the sacrificial altar put aiiia figuroy

thence the viciimarins of the ax struck the bull between

yes. Medagliocino. (Mu^. M. Ducis, «

I was published in my Num. ret. p« 3i3.)

And the three gods of Tarius Gordian

gues, no one, that I know of in another

If the barbarians were

Byzantine democracies of the lowest age. Argument

just to speak of the victories related in the East

tur, and in these rel Mars the armiger is represented

yel Ficioria armigera. What is the cause of fu-

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GOHDIANVS III

315

it will be, why ulmmqoe nnrocn by this name the appellant, and why he prefers the address Graecff, where Lalina in the names com- he decided to use Roman mats, nt his age was mostly different. That's for sure to him, who ordered this type, I will give an imitation of antiquity placed, which appears from the element 2i^ in which form it is rarely used by Hadrian hence by Antoninus Pius never, qood yes, in a certain warning of the old Gurrit, of which see pturaYol. I. p. 133 in Frolegomeni.

* • •

jintica uncertain MVNIFICENCE GORFTLAN. AVG. of the amphitheatres of the Phtavius, I am a bull to him he committed the two here and there aedeSf to the side of the right a civilian figure 9jan$. A£. m. m. (Yaill. Albani.)

I give the word MVNIFICENTIA, and in conjunction with the tjpo of the elephant after Antoninus to the year Y. C. qoa* Elephants, in the Circensian games V. C. 586 wrote the first progress ▼iua *)• Increased with wealth and luxury more often on the stage of Tocati's glorious spectacle, to give it to him as often as to be pitied. I- rnm completely XVIII* Pompcius M. in • DLO consulate II. introduced, whom by lu- while the people themselves are slaughtered and flayed pitying him when he received his wounds they should cease from the battle, and go round, and lifted up in the altnm proboscides the help. They were afraid to implore the spectators, riches, and to remind them of their rights jurandt, by which he was persuaded to come from Africa and

ciri passi snnt This is God ^). Ad8it PIi«' nius narrating these same things <^), so much ad this spectacle was blazed with pain the light, as he forgets the iroperalor, and mu« for his exquisite skill and honor the whole world would rise up, and the gods and Pom- worse, which he soon curses there And wrote Cicero, who was a spectator was present <^), and great astonishment the people and the crowd, no pleasure that he had existed without even pity a certain result, and opinion of the same kind, that it should be given to him; cute com kind of human society. Li the mind of the people was equally equal coUaudarcm, who himself or beasts I was touched by hardships and labors. Indeed, I force the cowards to take it down. laudcs, when it comes to mind I have mercy on this same people of the day, which is equal to the blood of beasts He wants to kill people in the arena it feeds the mind and the eyes. For money Reverend Here stands the amphiiheatim FJa- of the streets, and within this besides the elepban* and also a bull, that is to say an animal Utrumqoe commisom, the forbidden di- kind of flashing; for the like between Mav has already described both fights c)

yt lit, B.

PRINCIPLES lyy^^TynS, imperatorpa- standing still d. gtodum, #. castam* AB» (Mus. Caes.)

We have not yet gone into currency Tetere, the title of the prince of youth^ CoAi

a) L. 44 c. 18. b) L. 39 §, 33. c) L, CPUL §. 7. •p'ist. 1. «) Spectac. epigr. 19

d) adFamil. V VIL nr 3

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3l6

GORDIANVS UI

to be associated with Augustus, even though he istnd afterwards frequencies, about which I do broads in trac- father of the prince juv. Sinhalese namas here so it was discovered a long time ago, and in the mu- He brought his son to Caesarea, and he was certain autiquital

• • •

/ jintica incerta PVDITICIA. AVG. BIuliernedenB right he covers his face. AR. (Vail.)

Tjpum pudiciliae in Augusta We were also afraid of the crushed net in the currency Hadrian*

DivuM Gordianus

It was reported by the senate that he was among the cruel and as a soldier, he was also the parricide of Philip emphatically approving, reports Capitolinus *)« Eutropius, and Ammianus ^). Name that they do not confirm the fact. It exists indeed in the Caesarean museum: IMP« GOR*> DIANVS. PIVS JFEL. AVG. Capt lau- liability 3E CONSECRATION. Peacock But He is clearly under-aired, and he sins. on both sides, in the former, which he abstains from the latter, which is the minister consecrates him to Augustus*

Of the golden gods of Oordianus

IMP. GORDIANVS.PIVS. FELT

(so AVG. Radiate head* WLLETHRM. PROPVGNATOREN PII- Marching Mars d. spear shield A V ra» m« depending on the drachm. 6. gi*ana lo. (Mus« Caes.) Another similar drachm. 4- (Mus. olim. de France.)

Raw factories so that at tjpam at« holds, as to characters and language, the radiant head, which in golden Gordias* if not insolvent, the weight also does not just go away I removed the weight of the gold coin of this age. a tooth, but also among them these numoas It is unequally tested, namos hoa not even in any Roman province Nay, not that they had been signed in the city, but by certain Bavarians, the government bordered on him to whom neither reason nor law it was coined. And Tero the Goths or the Getae already in the age of Caracalla Rom. had invaded, from the Spartan con* stands c). Under the reigns of Balbinus and Pnpienus fought by the Carpis against the Moesos, and a Scythians everalstrus «^). Gordian himself when Thrace tends to the East, fought with Alanis «). Perhaps through a tumultuous time around this place the time of the barbarian lands in Dacia, or Moe- let it be, that from time to time I frequently granted, but these by a certain observance the appearance of harmony with these smite the gods with the head* Not parom This opinion is supported by the fact that pumice are more plentifully assigned in museums Austrians are found, of course, pn>> affordable for the neighborhood. Of course, here are the museums Caesar's numus was recovered in the year 1^ii in Transylvania together with many others golden barbarians Conference aui^eosPhi^ the elder's lips of the same subject.

Of the silver gods of the greatest modus.

Under the command of Gordian the new rations coins began to be struck more frequently

a^ in Gord» c. 31* c) Capital c. 26* 34*

^b) L. XXIII. c. 5« e) iA Carac c. i. d) Capulio. c. l(S.

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GORDIANVS III.

311

Of course it is silver of the greatest form roll, and thickness, which copper, pro- with the silver Taria, did it last long enough? by the nearest emperors. Ayersa ple* and it is written EQUITY. AVGV- STJ, Tcl COINS Type AVGVSTI a trio of women standing, with a balance and t^omucopiae^ set up at the slinky foot^ a piece of metal intended for coinage of which type I have already mentioned a little VoK L Froleg. gen. chap. i. When turned twice under I told the following also to the emperor of the greatest module, but all sealed in brass they are The silver form of this god with aliisayersis rarely occur.. Vuum Phit the senior lip gave Vaillanlins: VICTO- RIA. AVG. "Victory degree". observe Tavi, not a few of these Equity ^' %t^ Coins were minted in silver or bronze be gold-plated, or the thinnest gold bra- rtea Testitos, and indeed more ^^blematnm, so as to im- be covered with gold, immutable to the other parts of the world. quite ap- it looks like a cow because of its shape the extraordinary, and the display of art that he had no account of money, but sjgnatos, to serve the librality of onion, or for any other reason unknown to us Confidently asserts Vail- Lantius ^) cussos in Syria, and adds: Roiftae nu' mo9 of the greatest silver not to be observed 9ignat09^ that you do not use this forsanjnon^ta* they rent Bomuni. But that is too random it is established Indeed, in the monela of Augustus, eJt seqnentinm. noticed by the emperors silver numis conununum ceding, though inscribed to Laline, ta-

that they were signed among the Greeks; Then there were many cans to determine this the things which I then mentioned. But these of which we are speaking, the gods were not even looked upon address, no tjpo, nor any other I'm anything foreigners show off, but the fabric of the city is openly professed. go-* bam at the beginning, silver-shaped bulls from which Gordianus was most frequently hurled. lam for before him, though very few, observe there "When Vaillantius mentions one Severus: VICTORY. AVGVSTI "). Another in the Florence Museum of Mamaea: EQUITY PVRLICA nets Two Maximins in the month of Cae* sareo: EQUALITY AVGVSTl in the same way ijpo

Vumi's commas travel

The marriages of this class are so numerous. rare, than colonial, and Alexan- a large amount of water to survive each car they teach, moreover, especially about these things nothing to observe.

Names, and their names.

Anionius So also the Gordians Tocatum, not Antoninus, but Gordianus I will discuss the Africans.

Pius At the time of these titles it began to be used, as was said above at nnnn V-C. 991.

. *.

Consulatn, trib.pojtestate, et ter* the threats of his government will be dealt with more appropriately in ^traced about the tribe, power*

•) Nvn. present T.. II. p. 3l6» b) 1. c. c) No. presl. T. II. p. 227

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jlg TRANQVILLINA

PBBTIFM

Against the Romans:

Anrei •..«»..« C.

Silver max* mod. •••••.••• BHR» Argentei maj. mode radiant head ••••€• Argenteiaolitimodalicapitplerumqaclaoreato IL Aeneas 1 and 2 of the form ,.,••••« C. Aeneas III. forms .•« ^ ••...• O.

Companions of the pilgrims

S^BINIA TRANQVILLINA

to the headquarters of Histheus, whose We have performed the praises in GordianQ, daughter of thee 8te Capitolinus, who, however, differed in the name mule, 8cd iliud betrays Eijtifopius, quin and with the head of the abundant Greek gods associating with the head of the husband. She was married T. C, 994, is collected from the god Alexan* drino ^ mu8ei Cacsarei inscribed L. ^. , which year are they of Cappadocia. did he have children and that I killed her husband by fate, unknown it is raked

Number :

SABINIA^ TRANQVILLINA.

ATG. This head CONCORD AYGG. Qordianut toga the right 9/ans joins the right hand with the bystander ^ his wife. AY^unique, modogenuinus (once in the museum of France.) AR. AE, I. (Yaill^) AE. IL (Baldini.)

The same reverse. CONCORD AVGG. A woman sitting d. bowl double common stock AR. (Mus. Caes.) A£. 1. (TheupoH.)

The same is attached. HAPPINESS THE TIME S. C. Mur lier standing d. caduceus ^ «• eortmcopies. AE^ I. (Hardnin. Hist. Aug.)

The same reverse. PVDICITY AVG. S. C^ Woman seated d. he covers his face^ s.kastam AE. I. (Ba)dt- no | Tbeupoli.).

The name of the stranger is a comma

Few numbers of commas The foreigners, who are notable among them, supply their hands abundance of both free cities and co* of Lonia, and of Alexandria.

Names*

Fury This name is withheld from the Ro- mani, but not infrequently used by the Greeks writing 4>OTPIA. for which sometimes corruptly legilnr <1>P. PO. cl> POT. , as Tidre is at Hajmium, and Pelleri- Latin marbles also conslan- they prefer FVRIA^ three times

Sadinia* Thus the name is written look carefully at the reading of the Roman gods given But they have several cabins many Greeks, and most of the marbles, sl just duly read, they offered to SABINA)^ This was the reason why it was called Spanhemins potlus Sabina, which Sabinian

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Tranquility

319

rel'). But now the experts of our art I relied on the authority of the Romans they accept the reading of Sabinia. Read on stone, which Sponius Tulgavit ^): C. FEBRUARY SABLLNIO AQUILAE be afraid SITE PROC. etc. whose daughter Tranquillina was a great-granddaughter, gi you can from the names of Furius Sabinius* If this is probable, it is no less so probably a seer, for Misitheus, quo again and again in the name of Capitolinus notes Gordian's father-in-law, read 7V« mesiiAeus^ juTante nonnihU Zosimos, coi it is called TifjLViCtiiKs^ ^) in the case of giving birth Atqoi we drink and T//i*;

MI8ITHE0

EMINENTl. A man

PARENTS PRINCIPAL

^ PREF. Praetorium

AND ALL VERBS

TVTOR REIP

S. P. Q. R.

turn He gave it back.

Dejeriil has fixed this address Hardier, because the tasteless, which parent tem princes P. R. the principles of the father-in-law will call >). I do not reject this judgment read by the authority of the Capitoline, as a witness Mistheus called Gordianus his son, Gordianus Misiihcum father. For what? I would advance against the man who pitolin with fellow writers what does he throw away when finished? Another reason for me sa, why do I add this address? I think Of course it was translated by a forger in marble from the Capitol itself, I suspect who repeated the same in almost the same words tat ^). Therefore, if Jiunc Gordiani's son-in-law for Misiihe we prefer i^iciMix^Timesiiheumf the envy of the name, and for the hater we shall have a more pious name of the gods In fact, it was named Casaubonus was so astonished by the evil one that He would not cry out: who is the man? good^ such as this was^ who Mf

PRETTY

Roman commas:

Aurus, of which I speak, perhaps

Silver • •

Bronze L and IL forms • •

onyx

RRRR*

RRRR.

•) Tom. no. p* 302. b) Miscell. p« 148. c) in Gord. 1^. d) of the exped. Cjri L. T» •) L. y. c. 72. 0 L. L c. 1. g) L. V. c. 28. h) Pag. 439. 4. i; Uist. Aug. p. 820. k) in Gord. III. c. 2'. 1) to Gord. lU. c. 23.

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• l

320 PIIIILPPVS J.

He traveled to Cofnmais

Yrbium liberatntil • B.

Colonies 4 • , ; BR.

Alexandrini •••••• i RR*

«f. irirrs pHittpprs t

From Arabia Trachonitide ^nhjum Victorem *), from the colony of Bostra in Arabia to cut off Zonara, nous to the father of the robbers as a leader I saw that the ranks of the military were even though this is compen the gods dissimulate, it is doubtful, for dead, and indeed, nt fame tullt, ip* of his fi^aude Philippi, prefect of Misitheus to the headquarters, whose excellent plans ju- It was ruled by Gordianus, in his place when, and ejected the most extensive dignity is How immediately a treacherous prince the best, and of himself so remarkably then ordered to be killed, we said in the next my Gordiano

r. c. 997. P. X. iU.

TB P. COS. DES. P.M.P.A

Pilgrim, Aemilianus cos

I killed Gordianus about the month Fe" in February, or somewhat later in August It is said by the army with the approval of the senate. He calls his son Philip Caesar. Make Boma with the Flavor of Fersa it is returned Philippoline of Arabia says (Victor the other, Zosimus.)

A. I*F. IV. FH1LIFPV9. AVG

Head taureahifn in AK AR. AE.

I //. radiated in AR. maj. mode B. IMF C. M. IVL. PHILIPFVS..

P.F.AVG.F.M. The head of the rays

in AR. What is the IMF? IV. PHILIFFVS. P.F.

AVG. Chapter laurmatus in aB. L

• * ^

Ft lit. A.

ADVENTS AVGG. tmperqtor eque^ peacemaker kabiiu AR. AE. L (Mos. You kill.)

CONCORD AVGVSTOBVM.

The heads of the land of the laurels

children naked ADVENTS AVGVSTOBVtt. three fi- "Gurae equcstret^ preit Fictoria A laU" carrying the burden, two bar* will lie down on the ground barij are followed by mild five% AE. m. m. (Vail.)

This ring often occurs in mimes of this and of the following immediately rum, especially from the largest module. A third feaput also often occurs, nem- On the foot of Otacilius he was yoked with the head of ma» rites, so that we will take care of them. Three horsemen ATCrsa provides material to be used. Vaillantius says that the third is PriscumPhi- Lippi's brother mentioned Zosimos. Ve- rum when brought here Friscom from Fhi» lippo, with which his security is more con^

a) in Caesarib

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Philippius L

321

would have died, had he been in front of the legions of Sjriacls {ectumy yerisimile, her at the beginning im*» perished • when things were still safe 9 it% left in the east, nor a brother in nr* well followed What is not consistent This old man was of the dignity of Caesar decorated Why because of this very tri- a true cause, which they spend less time, more willing to attend TiorBuonarrotio, who lem in the empire of the Yalerians diffcrt, quo At that time the leaders were the Yalerians GaHienus, Saloninus. Yide, which ad We will warn the likes of the gods gis the Yalerians, as well as the Trebonians to an whether Y» C* ioo5.

CONCORD AYGYSTORYM.

Capitajugata Phitippi and Otaciiia6 one cutn against the naked son ES.ORACYLO APOLLINUS Temple ratundum^ at the tip of which aquitay within idotum^ vet idota tria A£. m. m" (Mus* You kill Yall. Albanians.)

Accepted from the oracle of Apollo It is said that the iraperium, or the temple, which averse exhibits, he took care to build but what else he did, uncertain eC another work of the oracle of Apoiinis. what- what will happen, the left hand is an omen I am of the opinion that Philip Christ to preserve the professed religion which will be discussed below. Young in his mu- He gave three idols to the Alban god, which considered to be dapitolina, lovis, Palladis) thunderbolts

. CONCORD AYGY8T0RYM.

Opposite heads of a pair of laureates

naked body* liberality AYGG. 1^0 imp. with ffiario presidents AE. m. m. (Yaill.) In another, but as lit. C. AE. I. (Yaill.) In others only AYG* tjpo LiberatitaHs standing AR. (Yaill.) AE. L (Mus. Cpes.)

lit. B.

PEACE FINDED Cym. Persians Mu- lier standing d.ramum^ s.Aastam.AR, (Mos. You kill.)

The god speaks what he tells Zosi mus, Philip soon after Gordianus peace and friendship with Savor set up

* • •

Ft lit. A.

piety AYGG. Let us turn to the two heads naked, and Otaciliae. AR. (Mus. Caes.)

Vttit.A. YOTIS DECENNALIBYS S. C. inira a bull AE. I. (Mus. Caes»)

V. C. 998. P. X. 2U. TR. P. II. COS. P. M. P. P.

Philip Aug. , on the side of Titian "

Carpis, to the people or ScjthicO) sire In Gothic, the proyincias Istro as they stood, Philip came out against him, and several times cast to peace lit *). In what year did this expedition begin? and as long as it lasted, it was not enough at least within the anhum hnnc, and seqoeiitM two to be grasped. From that war together to his son Germanicus Maximus Carpicus Maximus (Y. numoa afnni lOOi.)

a) Zosimnes.

{roi. riL)

Saints

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312

Philip I

IMP. CAE8. M. IVL. PHILIP PyS. AVG. Laureate head

B. IMP. U. IVL- PHILIP VS. AVG. Captii laureium^ in AV. AE» L

IL radii in AU*

m

Vi iii. A. F. M. TR. P. COS. P* P. Imperatorpa^ iudatuM $ians d. Aasiam, to the Circumsians iridusj in aiiis quaiuor figurin militarilmn^ A£. xn. m. (Mus, Caes. M. Ducis, Theiip.) In another : Fierque PMiippuB *ians paiuda* tU9 adiiantitmB tribu9 preiorianis. (Mus. Albani, of Caxnps.) Of these gods, in what was omitted mere trib when you are able, act in

Ae in this dignity.

m . * * (

he went B. j

P. M. TR. P. IL COS. P. P. Emperor seat d. gfobumi «• ecipiodhn. AB* AE. L (Mas. Caes^)

F. C 999. P. X 24^.

m p. iiL cos. DEs. II. p. u: p. p.

. Pre*enie, Albino co.

Undoubtedly, the campaign continues Carpal tunnel

IMP. M. IVL. PHILIPPyS. AVG.

I took the laureate in AE. 50 radia

now in AR to him AE 11. P. M. TR. P. IIL C08. P. P. Muier eiam A fiadttcfium, «. community AB AE* L II. (Mus. Caes.)

CONCORD AVGVSTORVM.

€apiiajug^ta iaureaia uiriusque

Paiiippus, against the third Oiacus

liae P. M. TR. P. III. COS. P. P. Tgpus doubtful^ or congiarium^ or the offspring of others'^

having menials. AE. m. m. ^uonar- observ. wheel)

Of this deity, who already to anifdm the present head of Philip's son with the laurel it stops, and it will be below in the monela of this one.

r. C. 1000. P. X. 247. TR. P. IV. COS. 11. DES. 4 P.M.

P. P.

Phiiipp Aug. to his father IL Phiiippus Aug.

son cos.

In the thousandth year of the founding of the city of Phi- Lippusfilius Augustus says collata trib. power From this year Dacia proTin- cia begins to count its years. See

the gods of this

«r

♦ .♦

A. iflP. M. IVL. PHILIP VS. AVG. I got a gold medal in AE. L 11. ra^ diatum in AR.

B. IMP. Philippius AVG. I took it laureate in AJE. radiaU$m in AR,

Fi iii. A. LIBEBALITY AVGG. IL Liberality standing AB AE. I. (Mus. Caes.)

Most likely, the second room. to pre- they feel that they belong to the ring, brought together by a cause shared with the son of the empire.

• * ♦

n lii.A. eiB. P. M. TB. P. IIIL COS. II. P. P. MU' When standing d. caduceus, s. communication AB AE. 52 In others: P. M. TB. Ull. COS. P. P. MuUer stams d. caduceus, s. cornucopiae AB (Mus. You kill.)

Omitted at the back of this god oon- I will teach you the number of customs mouse in treatises on the tribe power ^

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PUILIPPVS I

323

n lu. B.

VICTORY CABBAGE rictory of the day AR.} (Mus. Caes.)

Naitfus ezplicandus from those that in I referred to the annals to the year Y. C. 998. Harduino did not do this war Carpis across Israel, but not Carpis Africa's nrbecula view *)• Sharp! M»l- ta Dacos a Carpornm incursionibns pas- Aos oonfirms the marble found in Alba the city of Lulia in Dacia, which Serapides suit G. yalcritft A. CABPIS LIBEBA- TYS. ^). Not enough Gorins of this air He consulted history, with alt, from this to teach us marble, C. Yalerium Se- that he had been delivered by swift help gra, which with the joints of the hands, as well intercepts the wrist <^).

r. C 1001. P. X. 248. HUP. F. COS. lil P. M. P. P.

Philippus Aug. pair IH Philip Aug. son II €08.

. "Smash the worldly world with the great" ficentia celebratv

A. IMP. M. I VL. Philippius AVG. I received the laurel in AE. I. II.

B. IMP. Philippius AVG. Head radiOum inAR. to him AE» II. praise liability in AE. '/•

CONCOBDIA AVGVSTORVM.

Captain of Philip's country reatum^ and Otaciliaej etadverse the laureate son of Philippi.

GEBM MAX. CABPICI MAX. below III. £T II. COS. Car irtumphaUe, over which from here Fictoria^ from there Mara in the air balance the second of August car conacen* they stretch out their hand to the captives on the ground sitting A£. m. m. (Mus. Albani.)

Insignificant memory, by which we are taught, Phi* the lip not only with Carpi, of which it was already from the gods, but also Gema- that they had fought, and from both Ticta himself and his son Germauicus Ma^i* Mumm was said to have been Carpicus Maximus. See clearly the twin in the sky Valerian inscribed PONTIF. MAX.

Ft lit. B LIBEBALITY AVG^ III. Dtso imf^. presiding over the council. AR. (Mus. Caes.) A£. 51 (Vail.)

This lodge is undoubtedly You have been given a secular game.

piety AVGVSTOBVM. III.

AND II. COS. capital opposite

real country and sons. MABCIA OTACILIA SEVEBA AVG. The head of Otacia. AE. m.m. (Mu8. Pisani.) He alludes in advance to the piety of Augustus by celebrating secular sports im- I will weigh

♦ e

lit. B.

P. M. TB. P. V. C08. III. P. P. vafiie

tgps AB AE. I. (Mus. Caes.)

Secular games.

The thousandth year of the great from the beginning of the empire

a) Hist. Aug. b) Grut p. 85. 9 c) Mus. Floi-ent T. I. p. you5.

SS 9

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324

Philip I

feet, and to the sdknniiim summit 9 which ten The mortal condition can be given by virtue ao tolerance enixt* So memorable Fortunate to no government

last year's game usually signals these* He mentions that we have Pious, who consulted with these games III. Philip's father, ant II. conjoined children , which are certain indications of the year after Cbristum 248. Moreover, neither Yictto The year of the millenarian year is opposed in consequence, for he complains ^), his ae* tate after 1000 years that Philip had passed away, without any, as let him attend to the solemnities. AthicFl. The consulship of Philip falls in the year 5 C. 1101 P. X. 348, that argument Tillemontius had already brought it ^). Ex qao ap- seems to have established Philippa only from For thousands of years these games have been performed. Ca* Siodotus and Hieronymus testify, ludoe theaters celebrated in Campo Martio^ give days and nights to the people gilante, with which we are taught, himself, which should be done before the secular games Zosimnes writes ^). Capitoline lion") He enumerates elephants and other beasts which Gordianus III. to the Persian snum He reserved, or gathered, the triumph himself, but which from time to time Philip played He either gave or killed the seculars. Please list the following numbers century of witnesses because of the argu not even to make a concord of the mind son of Philip jun. and OtacLiae to them the relevant games.

A. IMP. BL I VL. Philippius kXfG.

A head of laurel. PMlippi L 1,000,000 8th century S. C. Cip- pu9j to whom the inscription COS. III. AE. I. II. (Mouse; Caes.)

«) in Gordianus III c. 33- b) in Caesarea. under Philip c) Note 6 In Philip

€i) L. II. goes under e) in Gord. U c

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PHILIPPIS 1

325

Epigrapke eapui Oiaeiliae» THOUSANDS SAECYLYM. 8. C. Gp^ pus AE. r. II. (Yaill.) B. IMP. Philippius AVG. I took it

laurel PAitippi /m in ^A., in ae*

netM ui iii* ^* 8AECVLARES AVGG. Vippm, to whom EcHpium COS. III. AR. AE. L IL (Mas. You kill.)

Epigraphe eCcapui Oiaciiiae. Centuries AVGG. Take it. Av. (Vaill.) AE. L H. (Mus. Caes.)

IMP. M. IVL. Philippius AVG.

I took my right hand. or the rays of Phiiip*

pi Ih SAECVLARES. AVGG. S.C. Cippus, to whom jutcriptum COS. II. AE. 52 (Mas. Caes.)

Be like B. vei ^. I got rad. or

laurel, Phiiippi L 8AECVLARES AVGG. Leo, below I AR. Itt aiiiM without L AE« L (Mus. Caes.)

Fi iii. B. vei A. Head rad. or

laurel Phiiippi /. 8AECVLARES AVGG. Lupa g^neiloe I will be silent, below IL AR. Jn aiiit without IL AE. I.. (Mtts. Caes.)

and iii. B, and A^ Head rad^ or

right Phiiippi IL Centuries AVGG. A horned goat mrsum ereciisy below 111. AR. Jn aiiis without IIL AE. L (Miis. Caes.)

Epigraplie to him the head of Oiaeiaem 8AECVLARES AVGG. hippopotamus issfra IIIL AR. In aiiis without UIL AE. L (Muv Caes.)

Ft. iii. A. The gilded head of Phi-

lippit BAECVLARES AVGG. St. C Hippo we are AE. L (Vaill.)

lit. B. and A. Chapter tud. or

laurel Phiiippi /« 8AECVLARC8. AVG. Cervus, infi-m V. AR. In others without V* AE;. L (Mqs. Caes.)

Ft. B. and A. I took rad, or

laurel Phiiippi L Centuries AVGG. Your goat with the horns towards the bows below VL AR. In others without VL AE. L (Mass, You kill.)

Numismatic cumepigraph: SAE* Cavalry Sacred to Mediobarbus exunisschedis Pedrusiani •)/ quemadetp I suspect it is just as well done gods Aug. with the same epigraph as the place I warned him.

A thousand and one in these namis a staunch writer, yix aliqaando THOUSANDS* RIVM, Dullo monetarius error, for and gently, and gently written Teteribns, nt he has Papirianas apad Cassiodornum, and I know little of the old monuments. But not Qoam in hls names reader MILLENA- RIVM, although here the writing Behold, and in the name of Arsehotan A great century of stonework qood ten ordinary oompleclituri almost as ai (Plaatos ^) :

Rather, they live a worse life for several years ^saecuto to saecutus,

Saecolom rero istnd dfcitor miUarium^ which he collected for a thousand years, according to Varro of R. R. the flock is said to be a shepherd, who was a thousand heads, and no doubt Suetonioa he called the porticoes of Nero mittiarias^ qood They extended a thousand paces ^).

Various other things in later years

a) Pag. 347* b) MiL Act. IV. sc. IL ▼. 87< c) in Nero c. 31.

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326

Philippius L

sawing Qaae anSmalia sat in the news Philip I. (speak only of silver, for the bronzes, though very few, were not read in this way accommodate themselves) are not found in nu- my wife and children, and so on. silver to you that class are all numbered rice from 1 to 6 , and that standing; for below the lion is always obscure vabis note 1. , below the deer V» etc. There were those who thought that these were animals the same that during these games in specta- Cttlum were exhibited, but the numbers in- to tell the days in which certain ani- evils were thrown into view *)« They press hard on each of them skills, r^am if it pleased the mints iDsere the gods and the animals they would no doubt have chosen less obvious, and which through insolence at that time, and that far away, and also of discrimination and great expenses had been demanded, more worthy of this fame of the games they had been Of course, Capitolinus among the wild animals Philip tom mentions ele- products phantasms, elks, tigers, leopards, hy- aenas, rhinoceroses, and camels etc. ^). But none of these animals in these gods, but in their place, if hip- take down the pototamus and the lion, other mi- of our nations, deer and goats, who the amphitheatres are partially illuminated, they offer themselves. I know, in one of these a Spanhemio vidcri elcem <>), in others a Tariis the hyena, true or not at all these yii^i are indulged in learning, when they see Tcllent in the heavens, which the Capitoline me- He betrayed death, or the gods were not enough to keep in mind the whole Yt therefore

dem, one or two animals, which these relics stand, to be of their genealogy to spin, which ennobles the games, they scarcely dei^p, that the judgment be the same for the rest, except velinuis Romulnm quoqae and Be- mum, who is known in the world as a she-wolf they enjoy their favor, both the hunted had been exposed, who ram also affects the sentence, which as I said, I sent the newspapers to these beasts decided to tell To whom the decision was made objectionable that which would follow from these games had been spent at least YI days. for as we have said, there are so many numbers in these gods they are drawn out; I do not know the number X whence it was received, Fagiua offered us But in the worldly games since then only three days, as many* "What nights did you predestinate, at the au- We have read all the cloisters, and in private about D. lliero says to these secular Philippians nymus «): Hegnatius PhiUppis thousand$i The year of the human city was more complete for which solemnity be innumerable Stiae was slain in the great drco in the Campo Marius theairales for three days and celebrated by the vigilance of the people. And so Ausonius said rightly

Three nights celebrated by Terentinus.

£x by which it can be collected, even if these tyjA teaching an address to the Saeoular Games certainly belong to another of them to be meaningful, especially when you let us give some types to one, others to another They were the princes of the ruling tribes reserved As for the numbers I see nothing else in them except those mentioned

a) Lobert T. I. p. 147- Village Critic Bar. to ann. Ch. § 247. 10. b) in Gord. III. c. 33. c) T. L p. X97« d) 1. c. e) Chron. Eusebius i) Psalm* 336. v* 34.

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Philippius L

32 T

monelai-ioram; for SiammaUstatisdie^ "I don't see it" Why did the coiners fail to teach the same thing? in bronze gods. But we will teach below under the reign of Philip in silver coins began to sign the usual numbers and letters rias, which from time to time the successors with so much to multiply with the disgust of antiquarians*

♦ ♦ *

rt As ff. and It captures in nlii^PhU lips /• ifi aliia Philippi IL 8th century NOVVM Templuminatiia Bcx^ inalii$ eight cottons^ intrdquod iitolumMedena* AR.AE* L 11" (Mus.Caes.) The same reverse exists also in the daughters-in-law Etruscans, Trebonians, and Volusians. IMP. CAE8. M. IVL. PHILIP PV8. AVG. Gold-headed Pki lips JL In another head patrin. 1979 Both orders the barred door near the altar of Bacripeann the flute and the quartet; retrograde cotton wool AE. m. m. (Vail.)

r. C. 1002. P. X. 24P. TR. P. FL COS. III. P. M. P. P.

M. Aemilianus II , in the Aquilino co$

lotapianas |n Qriente, P. Carrilius Marinus in Moesia and Fannonia but a little after death are affected Philip to sleep inciting the Pannonian rebellion against Trajan Decius, whom the soldiers immediately by which punishment they would give, Augustus salut* so much Phi- the lower battle of Verona His son soon fell in the city from the praetorians he is killed in the camp *). Chronicon Ale-

Xandrinus exegissel^um annoa WtaeXLV He asserts that Zosimus was weak for his age. I am told that it was in the body

Philippi's iroperium lasted until at least for the beginning student, for* He was the first of the gods of Alexandria inscribed L. Z., whom it is necessary to ssse signed from the 21st August of Annipre* you feel, in which year the 17th year of the Alexandrians he began From the land of the colony 8ino you think with the oapite of Philippi, even then 339", which he also decided to sign already in autumn, as is evident from the calculation the air is inexplicable Froelichius threw in a chronological spike to contract Philip's government from: published by a manifest error in the year airl^e of Anazarbensis in the numo of Decius, do with which see what I discussed in the name of Ana zarbi of Cilicia. Other topics are promoted up to the authority of the law signatures requested yide at TiUe* montiaxH.

Therefore the treacherous rulership of Philip Titus remembers the crime of Nemesis equal to Titus he raps If you commit this one sin, the rest of his yita is devoted to criticism to have missed Many have been Christians yet* rum, among whom the holy fathers existed tere, the memories came out, that exactly men cam not be of my establishment, and abun- from the discussion of the ecclesiastical bistoria to the writers, and to the chiefs of Tillemonti I am a perpetual false god of the gods rather teach the contrary ant, it is permissible to leave these things untouched. In- three times he handed over to his son ri^jA^Dm Eutropius is silent.

Otacii's wife, of whom below.

a) Zosimus

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328

piirLiPPvs t

Don't let me

IMP. M. IVL. Philippius, AVG.

I got the radiation. P. M. TR. P. VI. COS. P. P. Leo's head radidto stepping In others: the emperor ve- standing side even Inaliis: Mutier" standing d, eaduceumf s^ common stock. AR. (Mass. Caes.).

Medium-bearded, with the likeness of gods acl describes this year, their epigra* phen reports as follows: P. M. TR. P. VI. COS. III. P..P. The name of this Caesar's museum of the abundant and wholesome kind then the consular number III. exactly they do not know Therefore Mediobarbus, or au- ctor, from where he described these nuns, He thought that he was allowed to sin in our studies, rete- rem fic Tcram numi epigraphen inter- polarize 9 and correct. It is true that it was In this year Philip III It is true that Elias was not uncommon in Philippi currency number of consulate and tax po- you have witnessed that it was omitted, that I once collected* We will teach him about the trib. can stand

Numi vagi:

A. IMP. M. IVL. PHILIP VS. AVG. Ci^mt laur, in /iV. Why? and AE^ II. , radiated ih AU. , rarely wash*

' liability

B. IMP. Philippius AVG. Head radiatun\ in Ah, , laur, in AE. 7.

C. IMP; C. M. IVL. Philippius P. F. AVG. P. M. Radiant head then in AH*

lit. A and B ETERNITY AVGG. An elephant with r^ the author AR. AE. I. (Mus. Caes.)

Ft. tit. A. ARTERNITY RULE The rising sun d. age fiageltum AR. (Mus. Caes.)

En bina elernitatis sjmbola^ el«- the lighthouse and the sun The elephant therefore, qoo- niam of the longest aeyi was carried, ducea* I am counting on a thousand or even three hundred as Pliny reports from Aristotle. Desolation There is nothing that is inferior again gods of Trajan: AET AVG* consult game V

rt tit, B.

HAPPINESS IMPP within the laurel AR. (Mus. Caes.)

Ft. tit. A. and B. Nobility AVGG^ Mutier standing d Aa- stam, s. group, in the area C| • AR. Siise this area is marked AE. L (Mus. Caes.)

Bfobilitat^m they boasted very liberally those whose race was ignoble and sad a long time ago, a more recent example in Severus vi- we give Although Philip had the same salt tem, and that yera nobility was available for Victor the other his father to us He reports that he was the leader of the robbers. Ler we go in the marble of Gruteri ^) : OB. HO* I KNOW THE EMPEROR PHILIPPL NOBILISS ALWAYS AVGVSTL ET. PHILIPPI. CAESAR NOBILISSIML

As tit. A. and B. Tranquility AYQG.Mutierstans d. a two-footed dragon, s. a spear in the field B. AR. Without note B. AE. I. (Mus. Caes.)

u) L. VIII. § 10. b) Pag. 272. 9.

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PBriLIPPVS I.

32 g

The middle-aged woman tera ^raegestat, already the dolphins ^ j$ira Capricorn says. Yerum's tail ga and einutay then the head pre-sharpened that both of them depended on the gods the museum of Caesarea luaulente ap^areC, cer^ they make the same dragon, and his forms, which military insignia were affixed We see, of whom below, this one the problem, that the dragon of two numbers the dragon's feet are missing even in military standards. But we know immodcrat yeter artists in fin- license to the animals of the tribe, with the baec it was sought out of nature. Yes and winged dragons stand before the god Eleusis, and here and there they were winged, those who were Cereiis or Snbivere the triple car. Taro and Tideo's bipedal dragon in the tableau nea yeter^ to the legion 11« Aug. adslitumf but also Buonarroti CQmmcn- let the tator die of capricorn»). Milling The god of the dragon offers a riddle, which is so I'm trying to speed it up. There were dragons at Bomans insignia of cohorts, eloquently teaches, Yegeius ^): First aignum to^ iiiu9 legion goes aqnila^ than aquilifer portatd DragoneM even through the angles co* Hortes a draconariisferUnturadpraelium* I learn that they were woven into the yexiles from Ammianus to the solemnity of Constantius in Ur- they will describe the entrance: aliaapurpu" reis MubtegminibuM texti circumnuiedero dra- I am the golden and jeweled star* mitatibus unligati^.hiatu vasto fiatifes therefore, as if in a fit of rage, their tails were hissing that you will leave the volumes to the wind^ Dra^

Cone hastis aptatomm fences tnemi- cried Ammianus, and the draconcs were foolish Gallieni's parade among the military signals* pro- . Trebellius reports that it had ceased ^). yide, which more proofs of these things come from poetry gathered the learned LeBeauGallus ^). give and the Parthians long before the dragons had been pointed spears instead of notables it is clear when from Trajan's column, then Lu* cyan6 ®). Therefore, the dragon is now a god It is easy to tell when a woman is pregnant He can get peace from the faith of the robbers and yirtute' provided by the government. The same It is also found in the very rare god Ta^ I went with the same baud doubtless sense.

Numismatic commas of the pilgrims.

I have come across the name of this genus both in ur- signed by the two Greeks, rather than by the colonies. no one, however, seems particularly concerned about them. to remember

Of the bold barbarians of Philip.

Philippius FIVS AVGG. fsic everything Helmeted female head winged* ENTTLOICKCSS. Soldier standing d. spear s. the ball Av. two, one of which hangs our golden three with something in excess, the other is somewhat lighter. (Mouse Caes.) Another gran* 19$. (Pellerin. Mel. I^p« 161.) Alins gran. i6i. (ibid.) Another grain, iSb. (Mus. once de France Vin^ dob.)

Aureum beard

a) Observe that person p. 17 b) L. II. c. 13- 35 p. 302. e) of conscription. hist. {FoL II.)

c) in Gidlien c. 8* d) Mem. B. L, Tv Tt

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330

Philippius L

I was already afraid of Gordihn. present also all the barbarians plet, or if you are looking for a fabric, tion mode, especially in the yesterday's part • a , cnjus sense Terimis not even themselves to have been a barbarian goldsmith {; The plagiarism of them is clear they are for he borrowed the same thing from Antiea ex-numis consular, turned away from nu- nis Philippi jun* inscribed : PRINCIPL IWENTVTIS It is the same as the god the country, which the Gordian god that they are yidelur; for besides that barbarism is the same for both, from the same they all maintain, too yete from Dacia, and the regions con- boundaries I also warned in Gordianus 9 qua for the reason that these gods were from the barbarians, who already then made an impression on these lands they were able to It seems worthwhile to describe in this place the marble, which was edi- says Muratorius *), from which rare pre- They can contain the meaning of the argument collected

P. M. TR. P. V. COS. III. P. P.

in the area

A.

TRANQVILLTA8. AVGG.

in the area

B.

STRENGTH AVGG.

in the area

r.

piety AVGG.

in the area

A.

VIRTVS. AVGG.

in the area

e.

Nobility AVGG.

in the area

^-

So we have six former Greeks nuroeros, sie nt last note tatum sitepisemon, or senarius, which so the Greek characters fully correspond mentioned above the Latins from the 1st item and YI , and indeed so, that the mode of the number I. IJ Y. YI. are tan

Mr. M. ZIAI TIATI Phil. DACA VXORI' PIEPORI KING8 COISTOBOCENSI8 NATAPORVS AND J OBIGISA^ GRANDMOTHER Darling. B. M. FECER, ^

Costobocarum, who Scjthls adnnmera^ Ammiannus mentions several times that they were

Notes of BoUiaria in ErgetUea currency*

Pi*eter arithmetical notes I..IL tll. III. V* VI* ) which occur in silver with the epigraph SAECVLARES. AVGG. of which I did to the year 5. C. 100 i» obserTO even now for the first time but even with this so much money, Itteras so- litarias, but, as it will become manifest Greek, and also Arithmetic. En a catalog of these numbers from nno ma" Caesarius

Philip's father Philip's country son of Philip Otacilia Philip's father Philip's father

then in the gods of Philip the elder, so and in only these Greek Latin numbers log A.B. 6. the 4th country is only in the nu.mis of Otacilia, so also in these only A, deniqae occurs as the number of Urestants in the gods of Philip's son, so also in these tan

J») Psg. 1039. 3.

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Philippius L

331

tnm oomparel F tnr, you had conjectured to be empty, which, nt As you said above, learned to explain bring the Latin number Now then, first of all, these notes even if they begin to seize the currency qaae forward lower aeyi numos mo- in the matter of sitting the examinations, moreover, no one sense hidden in them, neither rfnt\ than the indications with which the minters distinguish their work

Names*

Oermanicum Maximt$9^ Carpicm Ma^ ximuM* De these yide nomos anni y« C. lOOU

ParticuM Mmximui. In marble To- litano at Gruterum *) is called PAR1\ MAX* Except that Marmonbus We have little faith in the Spaniards, Terrible view too, the wrong bed to be PART; MAX. for PONT * MAX, who honors the title of Augustus in Ignore the horrors of the recencentury Bon ko« let But Tulgavit late cl. Schonwisi^e- country a mile-long pillar, which now there is Buda's castle in this ep gramme ^) :

niP Slaughter

M. IVL. Philip

P. F. INYICTO. AVG.

PART (sic) MAXIttO

TRIBE TESTIMONY*

P. P. PROCUS.

Mbi may have been prtTatum PannoiKvm for*

following, the Parthian title unconsulted with ria Romana to Philip of the decedents, Ti* I do not really praise this ornament Tiktos Parthos, but because it was concluded with to them the peace which is in heaven itself which boasted inscribed: PAX FVNDA- TA. CVM the Persians, whom we we fell In its currency this title re* ticeiun

Of the trib^ pofeBtate.

Of this, and of the joint consulates we will act in a single treatise.

Con$uh

Numi commatisR., fast all, other* which monuments to Philip only con- 3 they give, only to the Antiochians, nor are these few in number, altogether 4* inscribed AHMAPX GH. THAT A. And these Gallands in a letter to GrainTillium, which exists in Miscella- no obserTationib crit. note Tomo IV* p. 375, he thinks so much, as to all that remember, if the authorities are despised he thought that he had given permission to Philip wide rV« to attend. If not, nothing ob- that is, no less Diadumenianus also let us give the consulship IV*, because in this even on the days of Antioch, read TIIATOC TO A., to be silent another strange thing, which the Antiochenes They promulgate the right of a tetradrachm. See belonging to this also in the currency ^hi- lips jun.

a) Pag. 273* I. b) Journey through the Pannon. P. II. p. 172"

Tt %

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.332

OTACILIA

, J^HETIFM.

4!ommaii$ Homauii

Golden ••«••••••••••• RB»

Silver max. forms •••••••• BRR.

Silver in ordinary form •••«#••€» Aeneas I. and IL forms •«••••••€•

Bronze 111. forms •••••••••• 0«

Vomiting of pilgrims : *

All kinds of feve C.

MARCIA OTACILIA SEVERA.

Knowing Philip the elder's wife, cnm «10 marbles, tnm. the gods of both comma The rest of it is inert, except that she was a Christian to many Teterus it is believed, of which yide Tillemon* of this •). "

Children : M» lulim PAilippuB Aug* de which below He also had a daughter, says Zo- we are the sons of Philip of Seyria mentions ^). ,

Don't I :

A. M. OtAClL. SEVERE AVG. EJu9 captures in AV.^ the same example Lunula in AR

B. MARCIA* OTAaL. SEVERE AVG. EJu9 head in AE. m. m. and AE /. //. the same on the top AH.

C. OTACIL SEVERE AVG. Ejua head in AE. 1. IL same euper lu* none in AR. etc. //.

D. MARC. OTACIL SEVERE

AVG. Ejmcapui %uper Umula^ in AR.

As Mr. Fertility Temporum, MuUer sitting on the ground he stretches out a branch vertM adstatk^ ie two girls^ 8. cornucopiae, AR. (Fel- read honey I. p. i^S.)

As lit.B.

FEET Augustus A woman's wife elat^ 9tan9 among the four girls^ of which He took hold of the right hand. AE« m« m. (Mus. Caes.)

This tjpo dnbius is not to be indicated the alimentary girls, of whom we often speak aguht numi Augustarii ihde by Anto- nino Pius ,

Numis, in which he turned away: CENTURIES AVGG. , recited Jam are in the numia of Philip I to the year 5. C. 1001

The rest of the names: CONCORDIA - IV-

a) Tom. III. P. II. p. 5$2. b) in Philippi.

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OTACILIA

333

NO - PIETY - PIVIDITY ec. ar- gamenta trlta in the currency of Augusta.

Foreign comma names*

Of this class of gods, as husbands, so Otacilia quoqne are frequent*

If you listen to Pellerinius, said fnit CSM* fvii Fetierabilia ^ in the god Alexandrno in the same way as Gordian Afnus the Elder \ (Mel. I. p, 2a6.) this sentence is enough Refutayi in the treatise on whether "Alexander" Cterilor in these titlesMH-fiye CTPATflTrt- S'», the mother of the horses^ as said in the same place*

PBETJFM.

^Commata Romatius:

Golden . . , • ♦ RRR

Silver • • • C»

Copper max. form •«••••••• RRR«

Aeneas 5 and 2 forms • • C.

Bronze IIL forms •••••••••• 0«

• Commies petegrin: Yt said

M. IFL. PHILIPPFS n.

He was born to Philip and Otacilia Augus. Cae- So Gordiano is called Caesar by his father. and then only the seventh year of his age he would do it, if it were, as Yictor reports the other, that it had been twelve days since he died it should be used"

F. C. 997-999. P. X. 244-246. C^ES^R. PRINC IFFENT

A. M. IVL. Philippius Slaughter Bare head in AF. and Quin. and AE. I. IL radiation AR.

B. M. IVL. Philippius NOBLE , CA£S. Bare head inAR. max.

mode and AE* IL

* ♦ ♦ ' Ft lit. B.

CONCORD AVGVSTORVM. Heads opposite Philip's father and Otacilia. AR m. m. (Mus. Caes.) *

Ancient colors. I'm stuck IVVENT, Caesar was trampled standing d. a ball or a military sign a spear In every metal and form.

The remaining opposites were met, and already from known by the god of his father. /

F. C. 1000. P. X. 247. AFGFSTFS. TR. P. COS. P. M. P. P.

The consul proceeds to his father II. hnperator is called colatis om- with the honors of Augustus himself the greatest pontificate See animation below Thirds

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334

Philippius n.

MP. M. IVL. Philippius AVG. Radiant head. P. M. TR. P. III. COS. P. P. Malier standing d. caduceus AR. (Mas. You kill.)

Eademepigraphe Laureate head* ^. M. TR. P. III. C08. II. P. P. S. C. The emperor of the same d. globum^ a.parazonium AE. I. (Mu8. Caes.)

Similar inscriptions they also sing the 3 gods of the father of the year before at the time No one sees Philip son neither tribunatumlVM nor consalatum II. to qualify this year. But I do this in the place of the most singular admonition of yoIo, of which I deal more copiously in the treatise on the tribe. after as a witness, in the money of the son, that is enough to to go over, to examine the titles of his father ratos

VICTORY AVGG. AE. m. m. (Me- day)

Epigraphen aydrsae to the father young man, it is plain. After all, in heaven Vaillantins reads like the gaza of the Medici TR. P. IV. COS. II. , in the same Gorius TR. P. V. COS. II. P. P. Everything was disturbed.