Zeitschrift für Numismatik, vol. 24 — 1897

3) lüUingen, ,Anc Coins 1831 plate V 4; Nerd, Nnm. ans. 1833 p. 182; Sestini, Mus. Hedenrar. II 14 plate XYI 2; Boscher Lexicon I p. 775 Bellona and II p. 2221 Ma, among others. 0.

To the Münikande d. Pontos, v. Paphlagonia, Tenedos, Aiolis n. Lesbos. 263

4. Br. 29. — lOVAlA | AOMNA AT. Bust portrait of Lulia Domna r. Rf. lePOKAlCA. I KOMANe. and in section eT.BOP.

Temple front with four columns; rounder in the gable

Shield or wreath. M.S.

Other coins of the city, with the images of Severus and of Caracalla and always the same date, show in the In the middle of the temple on a base the Nike with a wreath and palm branch, usually in a wild version. It's not like Wroth questioningly suggests^), the image of Enyo.

The coin with the lion, the Mionnet Suppl. 17 455,162 according to building elements, is without a doubt an Italian one the inscription ROMANO.

IV. Laodicea.

Br. 17. — Head of the youthful Dionysus with ivy to the right.

Rf, AAoAI|KEIA£. Thyrsus staff with tenie; in the field

right l?P. Gr. 4.22. M.S.

The other two known coins of this city, with particular helmeted head and sword*), and with Aegis and Nike*). also the form AAoAlKEIAE and not, as stated, AAoAlKElZN available. The Paris coin says sure (AJAoAl |.KEI[A£] , the final letters are missing on the London one.

Laodicea, after the mother or wife of Mithra dates named Eupator, is probably identical to today's Ladik, a small town located between Amisos and Amaseia

city*).

1) Cat. Brit. Mas. p. 28, 3-5 plates Y 6.

2)Paris. Mionnet n 351, 116.

3) Brit. Mas. Cat. S.31, 1 Tat V 8. Sestini, Mas. Hederr. II S. U read on a copy of this coin aaoaiikeiax.

4) y- Coinet, Torqoie d'Asie I p. 767.

264 F* Imhoof-Blnmer:

V. Sebasteia. Br. 28. — AV. KAI. ROY. AIKI. OVAAePIANOCeB. Head of the Emperor

with laurel and armor to the right. Rf. [Ce]BACT|HiN&)N 67. ANC (254). Sitting Roma with

Helmet on the left, Nike with wreath on the right

to the right, the left hand on the spear, rounder on the seat

Shield. M. S. Plate IX No. 13. This coin, whose inscription is based on the city name Sebaste or Sebasteia can be concluded is in factory and type similar to the impressions of Neokaisareia with Gallus ^) and therefore undoubtedly Pontic. The Paphlagonian Sebaste') can They don't really belong because the forms of inscription are different were and was not embossed with data. Completely out of control the Galatian Sebastiens, who take their name constant with that of one of their tribes (Tectosages, Trokmer and Tolistobogier) and not about Caracalla's time also shaped the Cilician Sebaste with its titles to Valerianus, the Phrygian, which has no era on coins led, and finally the city in Samaria, which with the 2nd century became a Roman colony. In Pontos had Kabeira Dia took the name Sebaste ') ; but it seems to him the Flavian period^) changed into Neokaisareia and with this until Gallienus, so that in the end only Sebasteia am Halys, today's Siwas, comes into question can, and I believe the coin with this important place to be able to provide security. Sebasteia is one in honor of Augustus adopted name '), and to the time of this emperor also indicates the era, the beginning of which lies between the years

1) Oriech. Coins p. 55 plate IV 18.

2) Num. Chronicle 1895 pp. 275-279.

3) Greek. Coins p. 50.

4) The coins previously allocated to the Pontic Neokaisareia Portraits of the emperors Tiberin and Clandin belong to the Lydian Phila- delphia, see Bevae Suisse de Nam. VI 1896.

5) Revue Suisse de Kam. V 1895 p. 325.

Tsar Münzkonde d. Pontus, y. Paphlagonia, Tenedos, Aiolis and Lesbos. 265

Autumn 2-1 BC and 6 AD ^). If Strabo 559/60 the city with the name given to it by Pompey Megalopolis, there is no proof of this unlikely from the start because of the name Sebasteia Assumption that Megalopolis only existed after 19 AD, i.e. h. under Tiberius or later, Sebasteia was renamed'). Because too instead of the name Sebaste, given to Eabeira by Queen Pytho- doris, Strabo always uses the old name; He only mentions the new one in passing, where he explains more about it Kabeira reports what he is failing to do from Megalopolis. By the way, this city could have had a double name for a while have led to get away from the many cities that are located in honor of Augustus.

VI. Sebastopolis Herakleopolis. To the list of the coins of this city in “Greek” sche coins** pp. 55-58 no. 62-72 Prof. Pick has a new one Contribution provided by a strange bronze head Traians, the name F. C. Ruso and the date 109 = autumn 106 - 107'). Other things to note are:

1. Br. 28. — Vf. with Geta, identical to the stamp a. a. O.

No. 69. Rf. CeBACTOnO. 1., HPAKAeon. r., he. HC in section.

Temple front with four columns and shield in the gable. Lübbecke.

2. Br. 29. — AVT . KAI. n(0 . AIK . rAAAIH]NOC. Bust portrait of

Emperor with laurel, armor and cloak to the right. Rf. H>AKAeO. 1., CeBACTOnOAlC r. Naked Heracles from the front, the right hand supported on the club, on the 1st.

Poor the lion skin. In field 1. ^ • Löbbecke,

(266).

1) Valerian's accession to power falls into fear in 253, so that the date 254, when it designates this moment, the year autumn 2 to Autumn 1 BC would correspond.

2) Bamsay, ReTue des Et. Or. VI 1893 p. 252.

3) Nominal journal XXIU 1891 p. 71, 26 plates lU 7.

Z«ttMhfUt Ar »DmiMBAÜk. XZ. 18

266^. tmhoof-Blumer:

Vn. Trapezus.

1. Bn 29. — AVT.K.CeO|V.AAeiANAPOC. Bust portrait of

Emperor with laurel, armor and cloak to the right.

Rf. TPAneZ0|VNTI R e.Pir (163). Youth Dio nysos standing to the left, naked, robe over shoulders and poor, the left at Thyrsos, in the right the Kantharos over a panther sitting in front of him holding.

M.S.

2nd Br. 28. — OPB. CAAOV. OPBIANH AVr Bust of Orbiana

with diadem on the right. RF, TPAinezOVISr OAI and in Section 6 . Pir. Mithras

on horseback, altar, raven on a fiaum like on the

Coin with Alexander, Greek. Coins pp. 59, 76.

Plate V 8. M.S.

3. Br. 29. — Vf. also with OPB. CAAOV. OPBI.AV.

Rf TPAneZ0|VNTI(i)N e.PI[r]. standing Tyche with

Rudder and cornucopia to the left. In trade.

Vm. Zela.

Br. 22. — AV . KAI. M. AVP. A[N|Tl(i)NINOC. head of the youth Lent Caracalla with laurel to the right.

e

P

Rf ZHAIT(i)N|TOV|nO. and in the field ^ ^ (140). Sheaf

with three ears of corn.

M.S,

The first year of the Era of Zela runs like in Eerasos, Neokaisareia and Trapezus from autumn 64 to autumn 65 BC^). The date 140 therefore corresponds to the year 203/4.

1) Eubitschek in Paulj-Wissowa, Beal-Encjkl. I p. 643.

Tsar Coinology d. Pontos, t. Paphlagonia, Tenedos, Aiolis and Lesbos. 267

IX. Mithradates Philopator.

The images of two tetradrachms of Mithradates Philopator ^) I will follow here with that of a third stamp. The piece, unfortunately broken, but otherwise in excellent condition, shows the head a little bigger and puffier and maybe a little older than the already known specimens.

P. 32. — Head of the king with diadem to the right.

RJ. [BA^iyVEß^ I MiePAAAToY r. , *IAonAToPo^ | KAI 4>IAAAEA4>oY 1. Standing naked Perseus from the front, with helmet, wing shoes and along the back Cloak tied around the neck. In the given He holds the Gorgoneion in his lowered right hand and in his left hand the harp. Above the hero's star and crescent moon, bottom left in field 1^.

Gr. 14.85.") M. S. Plate IX No. 14.

The same monogram can be seen on Hunter's Specimens of the tetradrachms of Pharnaces).

X. Polemon II and Tryphaina.

1. P. 18. — BACIAEßC nOAEMQNOC. King's head with

Diadem on the right. Rf. ETOYC I IE. Bust of the queen with diadem

to the right. Gr. 3.70. M. S. Rf. Plate IX No. 15.—Paris, Mionnet

II 365, 35 and Tr^s. de Num. Rois grecs plate XXIV 22

with supposedly Agrippina.

2. P. 18. — Likewise, but on the Rf, BACIAICCA TPY*AINA.

Gr. 3.48. Löbbecke. RF Table IX No. 16.

1) Ex. in Berlin: A. Ton Ballet, Zeitschr. for Well. IV 1877 8. 239 with hok cut; Imhoof, Portrfttkdpfe aaf ant. MOnsen 1885 8.78 plate Y 2; Th. Reinach, Revne Nnm. 1888 p. 251 plate XYI 5th copy in Paris: Th. Beinach, Berae Nnm. 1887 8. 97 plate lY 4.

2) The income due to Bmches is 2 Or.

3) Waddington, Revne Nun. 1863 8. 220 plate IX 4, where the monogram The piece weighs 16.85 g.

18«

268 ^* Imhoof Blamer:

As a rule, the female bust of coin no. 1 and their variants dated IB to IZ for the portrait of the younger Agrippina, recently still in the cata- lodge of the Brit. Museum p. 46, 1 and 2^). From the comparison of the two heads on Plate IX No. 15 and 16 goes to Evidence shows that they are identical to Tryphaina depict with the royal diadem. Here and on the Profile and hairstyle are not similar to other drachmas that of Agrippina, which was on coins during her lifetime either without Headdress or, as Demeter or Eubosia, decorated with ears of corn tends to appear wreathed; in no case will that happen to her royal badges too. The beautiful Munich gold stater of the Kotys L'^) (Plate IX No. 17) offers a comparison Example of the common Agrippina type.

Like the portraits of Polemon, these are also gone Flattery always kept the youthful Tryphaina in artistic conception and execution are unequal. This connection Differences that are also known in other portrait series emerge, are not of the kind that are otherwise completely similar drachmas from the years 12 - 17 (49 - 54 AD) two images, that of Tryphaina and that of Berenike, it would be permitted to differentiate^). Surely you have in that Female Heads, of which I can see on Plate IX No. 19 and 20 two other representations with the data Bl and 1A^), only the Polemon's mother, Antonia Tryphaina, is obviously skilled and active princess '^). The last dated The Queen's coin is from the year 17*), whatever the date

1) Eoehne, Mas. Kotschoabej II p. 187/8 No. 6 and 12 believed in that Franenkopf with diadem can now be recognized as Agrippina, now as Tryphaina. Oreshnikov, Eat. the Uwarow collection, Moscow 1887, p. 81 and plate in 519, On the other hand, he believed it to be the portrait of Berenice, wife of Polemon n.

2) Mus. Eotschoubej n p. 224, 10: Gr. 7.94.

3) Oreshnikov a. a. 0. — Polemon's marriage to Berenike was of short duration.

4) No. 19 Berlin, Fox, Greek coins II Plate I, 7. No. 20 Vienna, Gr. 3.53.

5) Joubin, Bevue des Et. Gr. YI 1893 pp. 8-21.

6) Magazine for number XYIU 1892 p. 196 plate I 2.

On coin studies d. Pontos, v. Paphlagonia, Tenedos, Aiolis n. Lesbos. 269

on Drachroen with Polemon and Claudius') and with Polemon and Nero as emperor^). Since the change of government Kaiser on 12/13. October 54 falls, that's how the first year of the Aera Polemons from Fall 37 to Fall 38, the 17th, as Ti7phaina was still alive, from autumn 53 to autumn 54.

Paphlagonia.

XI. Abonuteichos lonopolis.

1. Br. 32. — BEIBI . T|PeB . TAMOC. Bust of Trebonianus

Gallus with crown of rays and carapace to the left, on the 1st.

Arms shield, in front of the r. Shoulder spear. Ä/ Ze

Standing naked figure from the front, head to the left

Right raised, robe (?) on the first arm. M. S. Plate X No. 1.

2. Br. 32? — Vf. likewise.

Rf. IQNOnOAeiTflN. The rising serpent

Glycon. Paris, to the Coll. de Moustier No. 3111. Maybe Zig>vQ$g ') stands for Zig>VQog^ then the type represents represents the personification of the west wind. The number H, as a value sign for 8 Assaria, is not strange here, there too the later coins of Amastris value marks B, r, A and H occur^).

XII. Amastris.

1. Br. 23. - AVT. KAICAP | ANTÖNEINOC. Head of Pius with Laurel to the right. Rf. AMACT I PIANfiN. Standing naked Hermes left- there, the staff in the right hand, in the lowered left the discos.

1) Mos. Kochonbej 11 8. 186.

2) M. 8. Or. 3.61. Plate IX No. 18.

3) Pape-Benseler, Gr. Proper nameii s. t.

4) Qrieeh. Mfinsen 8. 68 a. 163.

270 F« Imhoof-Blumer:

M. S. Plate X No. 2.—Paris. Mionnet II 393, 34.

Brit. Mus. Cat. p. 87, 21 plate XX 7. — Vienna. Num.

Magazine XXIH 1891 pp. 19, 35 and p. 26 plate II 35.

Mionnet left the attribute in the first hand of Hermes without it

Mention, Wroth describes it as a pouch and y. locksmith as

robe; but it is unmistakably a disco that the god

ready to throw. Hermes is the god of competitions

often portrayed as a divine type of disco ball^);

This image appears for the first time on coins.

2nd Br. 25. - AVT.K.n.Ce. | reTAC AVr. Bust of Geta

with laurel and armor (?) to the right. Above the Chest round counterstamp with small bust image to the right and ball behind.

22/. AMAC|TPIANn|[IM]. Standing Wi ad he left; in In the background there is a stele with a bird on the left- sits there.

M. S. Plate X No. 3.

3. Br. 28. — AVT . K. n. Gen. | reTAC AVr. Bust portrait of

Emperor with laurel, armor and cloak to the right. Bf. AMACTPIIANflN and in the section AniC. Standing

Apis animal, without disks between the horns,

to the right. M.S.

Xni. Germanikopolis. Br. 30. — AVT . K. M. AVP. | ANTONINOC. Bust portrait of the youth lichen Caracalla with laurel and scale armor to the right. Rf. r|EPMANI|KOnO|Ae, in section nc and in the field eC above, TIA below. Striding Apis bull to the right. Schennis collection. Plate X No. 4. Cf. Mionnet n 398, 63. This coin is of interest because its faces are similar Stamp is like that of the Gangramfinze in “Greek Coins^

1) Ch. Scher er in Boscher's Lexikon I p. 23^9.

On coin studies d. Pontos, t. Paphlagonia, Tenedos, Aiolis n. Lesbos. 271

pp. 66, 96 plate V14, and herewith a new proof of the political Unity of Gangra and Germanikopolis is achieved. The bull can one like the coin of Amastris No. 3 without loading think call Apis.

XIV. Haimilion.

1. Br. 25. — Head of Tyche with tower crown to the right.

RJ. AIMIAIOY under a winged lightning; about it

Star in the crescent moon. Gr. 10.72. M. S. Plate IX No. 21. "10,10. ", other stamps. Greek coins p. 70, 109 (Himilion).

2. Br. 25. — Likewise, but on the Vf. Apollo's head with

Laurel to the right. Collection Löbbecke. Plate IX No. 22. overstamping, under the one on the RF, a seemingly bearded head can be seen to the right.

The inscription of the a. a. 0. described copy of the first of these coins, which I already considered possible back then Wisely presented incompletely, must therefore be supplemented in AIMIAIOY. It makes sense to use the same for the Roman name Aemilius hold. This assumption alone seems inadmissible, because in the given form Roman generals or magistrates did not use to put their names on Greek coins and also for Pontus or Paphlagonia in Mithradatic or the time that followed, an Aemilius is not even in question can come. For this latter reason it is also forbidden any further assumption that this is one too In honor of a city name adopted by Aemilius Furthermore, the form can only be Atf^^Xia^ such as Fulvia^), Likineia") could and therefore would require the Mttnz inscription AIMIAIAE.

1) After the wife of M. Antonius. Head, Historian nnm. P. 564.

2) Orflndang* of Licinios Morena in Cappadocia. Th. Reinach, Bevae of Et. Gr. I p. 833.

272 ^-Imhoof-Blumer:

Likewise, the coin images and symbols do not speak for one City of Roman foundation or for Roman influence.

AIMIAIOY therefore represents the genitive form of a city name ^tiiiX^og or Alfiihov, as they existed on mints before Roman times. zen Pontic and Paphlagonian cities in common use was, e.g. B. AMAZZEIAI, AMIIOY, AIAZ, AAOAIKEIAZ, AMAITPEQI, IINCnHI et al.

As did several other cities of the Pontic Empire Haimilion, whose location cannot currently be determined, only minted once during a short period of time. The Character of Tyche head is reminiscent of that of the coins of Amastris were minted shortly after 64 BC^).

XV. Neoclaudiopolis.

Br. 27. — lOYAlA AOMN|A CeBACTH. Bust portrait of Julia Domna to the right. RJ. NeOKAAYAl I onOAeiTflN and in the field L j, r-p

(206). Standing Athena Nikephoros to the left, the

Left on the spear; at her feet 1st owl, r. Sign.

M. S. Plate X No-5.

According to Ramsay, the beginning of the era of Germa-

Nikopolis, Neoclaudiopolis and Pompeiopolis to the year 5, d. h.

Fix autumn 6 BC. The date 206 corresponds accordingly

Autumn 200/20L

XVI. Sinope.

1. P. 28. — Head of Sinope with tower crown to the left. counter- Stamp with the head of Helios from the front and ^INßPEßN between the rays. Rf. [^1] 1., Nfl r. and in field 1. W ? Archaic image of the ApoUon to the right, naked and with a long, over hair falling down the neck; in the advanced one

1) Oriech. Coins pp. 61, 81-84, which have a stack with the date B is to be arranged.

On coin studies d. Pontos, v. Paphlagonia, Tenedos, Aiolis n. Lesbos. 273

Right, whose wrist is decorated with a ring is, he holds a laurel branch hanging from his left an ointment vessel on a ribbon. Before that God tripod. Counterstamp with Athena's head to the left.

Gr. 16.60. Collection Waddington. A. von Sallet, magazine. fftr Number IX 1882 p. 139; verbeck, Greek. art myth. Apollon 1887 p. 28 and 36 plate I 29; Six, number Chron. 1885 pp. 44, 106. Here plate X No. 6.

According to the ApoUon, this so far only tetra- drachmons finds the otherwise unclear type of copper coin his correct explanation:

2. Br. 18. — Female head with a small tower crown and

Veil to the right. Counterstamp.

Rf. ^INQTTH^ in section. Standing naked Apollo from the front, both forearms stretched sideways, in the r. Hand a laurel branch over the tripod holding, probably the ointment vessel in his left hand.

Gr. 3.61. M. S. Plate X No. 7.

According to this description, that of a less well understood preserved copy in “Monnaies grecques^ p. 230, 14 plate lU 93 to correct.

3. Br. 20. — Head of Sinope with tower crown to the right.

Counterstamp. RF IINQ over a ship's prora to the left; right TP.

The field deepens. Gr. 8.90. M.S.

In the Mus. Kotschoubey II p. 85, 4 is another copper Coin with the head of Sinope and the seated Poseidon described, which like No. 2 and 3 probably predate that time the conquest of the city by Pharnakes, 183 BC, hear.

274 P-Imhoof-Blumer:

Troas.

XVII. Tenedos Island.

1. P. 24. — Double head, male with pointed beard on the left-

towards, female to the right, with common tanie and

Earring. Archaic, hair and beard through dots

referred to.

TE i2/. /i/E double hatchet; to the right an amphora,

AIO|A^ whose 1st handle is connected by a tie to the

the handle of the hatchet is tied. line square and

recessed square.

Gr. 15.73. M. S. Plate X No. 8.

" 15.53. Dr. H Weber, London.

Rey has a similar piece. Greenwell in Num. Ghronicle

1893 p. 89 plate VH 15 made known, with the VJ. from one

another, the Rf, from the same stamp, but with the inscription

TE^EAEGA^ shows. The orthographic error was in the

The result, although not without a trace, is corrected and the same

Stamp that has become damaged above the double axe is not

just cleanly repaired.

2. P. 19. — Double head, bearded to the right, female to the left,

Hair punctured. Here each half of the egg has its own Tänie.

R/T^. The double ax is over three steps

Each cutting edge rests on a vertical support.

Recessed square. Gr. 7.67. M. S. Plate X No. 9. About the different interpretations of the two coin images Wroth has it in the British catalogue. Museum, Troas etc. p. XLV fff. reported in detail. From the representation of the nileKvq on the Didrachmon described here, it can be concluded that the truth sign of the city in a sanctuary, and indeed apparently placed in the temple of Tenes and therefore a Gultus object was. This is also indicated by the double axe

On coin studies d. Pontos, v. Paphlagonia, Tenedos, Aiolis and Lesbos. 275

attached amphora of the Tetradrachmon No. 1 there, the one without Doubt should be seen as a votive gift.

8. P. 15. — Doppelkopf as on No. 1.

iZ/. Double salvation; on both sides of the stem 3V\|3±, above AI | ON. Dotted and recessed square.

Gr. 1.66. M. S. Plate X No. 10. 4. P. 8. — See also.

i{/double beilin line square and recessed square.

Gr. 0.40. M. S. Plate X No. 11.

Aiolis.

XVm. Aigai.

1« p. 10. — Head of a billy goat to the right. RJ. Bosette with eight sheets. Gr. 0.53. M. S. Plate X No. 12. The rosette is also the type of small simultaneous silver and Eupfermfinzen of the neighboring city of Kyme').

2nd Br. 20. — Tl . KAAY[AIOC KAI]CAP CeBACTOC. head of Claudius with laurel to the right.

R/, [eni] AnOAAOAnPOY A YIOY XAA? ... and 1.

in the AirA6fiN field. Standing ApoUon in long Garment to the right, hanging down in the right hand Tänia, in the left laurel branch. M.S. Mionnet has a copy of the same coin Gousinary mistakenly described as Traian's portrait.

The ApoUon picture, which dates from Augustus to Vespasian appears almost constantly as a type^), presumably represents the Apollon XQijfTtiJQ^og, who had a temple at Aigai and to have enjoyed veneration in the Pythikosthale chief seems *).

1) Greek. Münsen p. 107, 243/5 plate Vni 10-12, and below Kyme No. 1.

2) A.a. 0. pp. 107, 240/1, and here no. 2-4.

8) Reh. Bohn, Antiquities Ton Aegae, Berlin 1889 8. 25, 46 IL

276 F-Imhoof-Blumer:

3. Br. 20. — OYHCnACIANOC (see above) KAICAP. Head of the Emperor

with laurel on the right. Rf. eni AOAAflNIOY (so) l, NGMeONIKOV r. and in the field

1. AirAeßlN. Image of Apollo as on No. 2. M, S. Plate X No. 13. Cf. Mionnet IH 4, 16 and 17

and Suppl. VIS, 11.

4. Br. 19. — OYecnACIANOC KAICAP. Head of the emperor with

Laurel to the left. Rf. eni AnOAAflNIOIV NqMeONIKOY]| and in the field L

AirAei2N. Apollo as before, but without Tania;

he holds the laurel branch with both hands. Munich.

5. Br. 19. — CeBACT below, fl r. and N above. The each other

facing heads of Titus with laurel to the right and Domitian's left.

Rf. eni AnOAAflNIOY l., NeMeONeiKOY r. and in the field 1. AI|rA[e]|ßN. Image of Apollo as on No. 2.

M. S. Trading AlFACfiN on one line. Mionnet m 4.18, inaccurate. Brit. Mus. Cat. p. 98, 22 plate XVIII 9, incomplete.

Nefieovixfjg is the title of Apollonios, as victor in the Nemean games. The analog title ^OXvfi^movUiig can be found one on a coin from Philadelphia with Caligula').

6. Br. 28. — AYT . KAI. T. AI. AAPIA. | ANTQNeiNOC. head of

Pius with laurel to the right.

Rf eni CTP . AIONYCIOY K? T. . OY and im

Section TITNAIOC | AlfAeflN. The Bearded River God Titnaeus with a naked upper body on the left Sitting on the floor, with one over the shoulder in the right hand laid reed, in the left cornucopia and there- behind the urn from which water flows.

M.S.

1) BeTue Suiflse de Nom. VI 1896.

Znr Mftnikniide d. Pontus, y. Paphlagonia, Tenedos, Aiolis and Lesbos. 277

According to Schuchhardt, the names Pythikos and Titnaios seem to be to the same river Kodja Tschai, and the first to indicate the apoUoncuIt in this area^).

XIX. Kyme.

1. Br. 11. — Aidler's head to the right.

Rf. Rosette with eight leaves.

Gr. 1.20. M.S. See above Aigai No. 1.

A number of new names for Eyme can be found in the following ing series.

2. P. 15. — APAAAToC 1. Standing eagle to the right, den

Turning his head back. RF KY above. Front part of a horse to the right,

including grain. Gr. 1.77. M.S.

3. P. 15. Likewise with PYOoNIKoC and on the Rf. Epheu-

leaf as a symbol. Gr. 2.03. M.S.

4. P. 15. — Likewise with grain under the horse.

Gr. 1.81. M.S.

5. P. 13. — KY 1. Eagle as on No. 2.

Rf. KAEANAPo^ 1. The same type. Gr. 1.86. M.S.

6. P. 14. — Likewise, without a name on the rf., above the horse

the vessel with a handle. Gr. 1.85. M. S. Animal and plant images, plate V 7.

7. Br. 17. — ANTiroNo^ 1. Eagle to the right.

Rj. K|Y. Vessel with a handle. Gr. 4.08. M. S. Plate X No. 14.

8. Br. 13. — Likewise with APoAAoAßPoE

Gr. 2.06. M.S.

9. Br. 17. — Likewise with APKECIAAoC.

Gr. 3.70. M.S.

1) Bean a. a. 0. 8. 61.

278 ^- Imhoof Blamer:

10. Br. 15. — Likewise with TorrYAoC.

Gr. 3.95. M.S.

" 4.00. M. S. with the counterstamps star on the Vf. and grapes on the Bf.

11. Br. 15. — Likewise with AAMACoC.

In trade.

12. Br. 15. — Likewise with AloTENHZ.

In trade.

13. Br. 16. — Likewise with AloNYCoOAN.

In trade.

14. Br. 17. — Likewise with eEYAßPoI.

Gr. 4.33. M.S.

15. Br. 16. - Likewise with IKEPTHZ.

Gr. 3.60. M.S.

16. Br. 18. — Likewise with KAAYAßN.

Gr. 4.70. M.S.

17. Br. 17. — Likewise with AYIANIAI.

In trade.

18. Br. 13. - Likewise with MEriCTAFoPa^.

Gr. 2.55. M.S.

19. Br. 17. — Likewise with PolKo^.

Gr. 4.15. M.S.

20. Br. 16. — Likewise with 4)IAoAoEoC.

Gr. 3.80. M. S. See Mionnet Suppl. VI 10, 74.

21. Br. 17. — Likewise with OVAAKoI.

Gr. 4.70. M.S.

22. Br. 16. — Likewise with ME behind the eagle.

Gr. 3.60. M.S.

23. Br. 11. — Same types; on the Ä/. K|Y and above that

Vessels AE. Gr. 1.27. M.S.

24. Br. 11. — Likewise with K|Y and under the vessel of ipheus-

sheet. Gr. 1.40. M.S.

2iiT Munskunde d. Pontus, y. Paphlagonia, Tenedos, AioliB and Lesbos. 279

25. Br. 15. — KY obeD, OEoAAlTHZ below. Front part of one

Horse with reins to the right. R/. A 1. Single-handled vessel. Gr. 4.28. M.S.

26. Br. 16. — Likewise with nAPMENITHC and on the Rf. ME.

Gr. 3.12. M. S. See Cat. Brit. Mus. pp. 108, 49.

27. Br. 17. — Likewise with PoAYAPXoff and pP. horse without

reins. Gr. 3.60. M.S.

28. Br. 17. — Likewise with IPEPXAZ and WP.

Gr. 3.35. M.S.

29. Br. 17. — Likewise with ZTAZinTToE and W.

Gr. 4.15. M.S.

30. Br. 10. — Head of Apollo with laurel to the right.

RF, EYMHAHI. Front part of a free horse right- to; top 1st and r. one monogram each. Gr. 1.00. M.S. From around the time of Flavier

31. Br. 21. — Bust of the Cymean Sibyl with Tänie

and robe on the left, one in the right hand Holding up a laurel branch. Rf. KYMAI|QN. Standing Isis with her headdress to the right, the right hand on the scepter, on the 1st arm carrying the Horos facing her. M. S. Plate X No. 15. The group of Isis with Horos is also made from coins from Kyme met Sabina^). It is incorrect to say the same for Eirene with Plutos').

32. Br. 18. — KYMAI 1., ON CIBYAAA r. Head of the Cymaean

Sibylla with Tänie to the right. Rf. Em iE|PONYM. Standing Demeter with veil

to the left, ears of grain in the right, a torch in the left. M. S. Plate X No. 16.

1) Drezler, Well. Magazine XXI 1889 p. 66/67 plates n 12 and 13.

2) Well. Chron. 1895 pp. 99, 19.

280 F* Imhoof-Blumer:

Judging by the magistrate's name, the coin belongs in the time of the Antonines.

Depictions of the Sibyl are rare and have so far only been found on coins from Erythrai with the Herophile ^), from Gergis') and from Roman Denarii known to the Manila family'). With the erythraean Gergithian sibyl or the Sami Phyto is the Cymean one perhaps to identify.

The head of the Cymean Sibyl is decorated with a taine decorates. The coins are almost five hundred years older Gergis depicts the prophetess with an Apollonian wreath, ear- hung and heavy necklace^); instead of the laurel wreath She wears her head on No. 31 a laurel branch in his hand.

33. Br. 37. — AV . K. M. AVP. I ANTQNeiNOC. Bust portrait of bearded Garacalla with laurel, armor and coat to the right.

Ä/. eni CTPA.M.nAIVC.ePQTOC KVM and in the field r. AISSN. Standing Asclepius from the front, head left- there, the right hand on the serpent's staff, the left covered.

M.S.

The Cymean strategist Fl. Pause. Otherwise Eros will come first twenty years later, on coins with the portrait of Caesar Maximus in front*). The Vf. of the large bronze No. 33 is same Stamp like a bronze of the Cretario of Smyrna Sailing ship (m. S.), and strangely enough the Vf. is also the another well-known Cymean coin of Eros*) with one Smyrnean stamp minted^). You could almost think that These large headstamps only appeared at the time of Maximinus von Smyrna came to Kyme and were used again.

1) Mon. gi^ecqnes S 268 and Greek. Coins pp. 117, 295.

2) Steph. Bya. s.v. re^K-

3) Babelon II p. 180.

4) Eat. Brit. Mos. Troas plate X 15; m. S., here plate X No. 17.

5) Mionnet Snppl. VI 21, 150 et al.

6) Eat Brit. Ms. Troas p. 119, 138 plate XXIQ 11.

7) Examples from my collection such as Mionnet m 243, 1371 and Suppl. VI 360, 1798 and 361, 1803 with the strategists Ael. ApoUonias and Geminus.

Tsar Manzkunde d. Pontos, v. Paphiagonia, Tenedos, Aiolis and lesbps. 281

XX. Elaiah.

1. Br. 9. — - Head of Athena to the left.

iZ/. Grain of grain between two laurel branches. Gr. 0.60 and 0.70. M, S. Plate X No. 18.

2. Br. U. — Vf. likewise.

Rf, grain grain between E|A in a laurel wreath, under this AHMH. Gr. p.34. M.S.

3. Br. 16. — Likewise with noAYIH.

Gr. 3.50. M.S. In “Monn. grecques” p. 274 no. I have some 232-234 Copper coins put together showing a bunch of poppies and show ears of corn on the Rf. From one of the same again I'll get the description corrected for the plaintiff here:

4. Br. 21. — NEPQNA r., CEBACTON 1. Head of Nero with

Laurel to the right. Rf, Eni above, in the field on three lines M|E— NA|NA

—PO|Y. Poppy stalk between two ears. Since then, Warwick Wroth made a similar coin which he knows based on his reading AHAOO • • AITQN the city of Agathopolis in the Thracian Chersonese shared '). From the copy of this, which was kindly sent to me piece I see my suspicion confirmed^ that it is This is an Elal'term coin. The description is namely should be corrected as follows:

5. Br. 20. — Vf with the same stamp as No. 4.

Rf Above the same type Efll in small font (exactly like on the no. 232 and 233 of Monn. grecques), r.

^^^en{vog), i [eaiaitän.

XXI. Larisa. Diest recently reported on Larisa's situation^). The town is located near the Hermos, about 12 km southeast of Kyme near Burundschuk.

1) Num. Chronicle 1896 p. 88, 3.

2) From Pergamon to Pontus 1889 p. 34. Ramsajr, Asia Minor 8. 457.

Zoitflcllift for Namismatics. XX. 19

282 ^* Imhoof-Blumer:

r

Br. 10. — Youthful head of a horned river god from from, inclined to the right.

RJ. AA above a bull's head with neck to the right.

Gr. 1.10 and 1.13. M. S. Plate X No. 19 and 20. Cf. Mionnet III 21, 120, where the horns for the lunar the sickle of Artemis"

Whether in the head a tributary of the Hermos or this is himself personified, remains undecided for the time being.

XXIL Myrina.

1. P. 14. — Head of Athena with Corinthian helmet

to the right.

Rf. M|Y. Head of Artemis with earrings and neck chain from the front, slightly inclined to the left; over the r. Shoulder quiver, arrowhead on the right in the field.

Gr. 1.88. Leake, Num. Hell., Asian. Greece p. 85. “ 1.50 M.S.

2. P. 14. — Likewise, without the quiver, but with the arrowhead.

Gr. 1.75. Löbbecke. Plate X No. 21.

3. Br. 11. — Head of Athena with Corinthian helmet

to the right. iZ/. MY|PI. Amphora, wreathed around the neck. Gr. 1.12. M.S.

These coins are different from those of another, a little older series just because of the shape and the decoration the helmet of Athena^). They are all older than the known ones Tetradrachms and drachms from Myrina and still belong the 4th century BC.

4. Br. 14. - eni Ae|IIOV APX. Bust of Apollo (?) with

Robe to the right. RF MVpei|NAI2N Lyra. M.S.

1) Time very. f. Nam. HI 1876 p. 321/2 plate YIII 17-20.

On coin studies d. Pontus, y. Papblagonia, Tenedos, Aiolis and Lesbos. 28B

5. Br. 23. — AVTOKPATOPA AOMITIANON KAICAPA. The one- other facing heads of Domitian with laurel to the right and Domitia with a robe to the left.

Rf. eni KAeiNIIOV APXONTOC and in the field J y.

Standing Apollo in a long robe from Yorn, the Right lowered, laurel branch in the left Tänien. M. S. See Mionnet Suppl. VI 37/38, 243/4.

XXm. Temnos.

1. Br. 18. — eni r., Zß in the section, lAOY 1. The naked one

Bearded river god Mr. Os sitting on the ground Right hand on the bent knee, in the 1st arm cornucopia. Rf. THMN r., ITQN 1. Standing Aphrodite in light Chiton from yorn, head to the right, 1st elbow up supporting a stele. The queen, with her right hand arranging or decorating her hair, looking at herself in a mirror that she holds in front of her with her left hand keeps eyes. M.S. Variants of this coin on which the Hermos is more in lying position appears, are located in Munich') and London'). The picture of your RF, however, does not represent, as previously stated, wrote, an apoUon figure, but which is based on forms and shapes berde unmistakable Aphrodite.

2. Br. 37. — A . K. M. AYP. Ce. | AAeiANAPOC. Bust portrait

of the emperor with laurel, armor and cloak to the right. Rf. en.KA.CMAPAIFAOY THMN and in section

«eiTQN. Enthroned Ky at e with tower crown, bowl

and tympanum to the left; sitting at her feet

Leo. M.S.

1) Mionnet lY 83, 455, incorrectly labeled Mastaura.

2) Cat. Brit Mus. Troas etc. p. 143, 1 1 plate XXIX 3.

19*

284 ^* Imhoof Blamer:

XXIV. Tisna.

Br. 10. — Head of the young horned river god Tis- Naios left-handed. i2/ Till MAY. Lance tip. Gr. 1.04. M. S. Plate X No. 22. A new type to the small group described earlier Tisnaean coins^). About the location of the city on the Titnaios Pythikos see Bohn and Schuchhardt, Antiquities of Aegae p. 61 and Wroth a. a. 0. S. LXII and 149.

Lesbos.

XXV. Eresos.

1. Br. 20. — Head of Apollo with laurel to the right.

Rf. EPE^I in a wreath formed by four ears of corn. Gr. 5.95. M.S.

2. Br. 19. — Also with lyre under the inscription.

Marciana in Venice.

3. Br. 18. — Also with club under the inscription.

Mus. Naples No. 7994.

4. Br. 18. — Likewise, younger style, with "^ under EREIL

Gr. 5.17. M.S.

5. Br. 16. — Winged Gorgoneion from the front, Pkr.

Rf. epeCI|ßN. Winged caduceus. Pkr. Gr. 2.45. In trade.

XXVL Methymna.

1. P. 8. — Head of Athens a left hind.

RF M above. Kantharos between two ivy leaves.

Recessed square. Gr. 0.46. M.S.

2. P. 8. — Athena's head to the right.

Rf. Ir. Kantharos. line circle. Gr. 0.32. M.S.

1) Mon. grecqaes pp. 2t5, 239-242.

On coin studies d. Pontos, v. Paphlagonia, Tenedos, Aiolis n. Lesbos. 285

3. P. 14. — FjT. likewise.

iZ/l MAjOY za both sides of the foot of an ean- tharos, over this 3C The whole of one Square framed by double lines.

Gr. 2.60. M.S.

4. Br. 15. — KOMO|AOC. Bust portrait of the bearded emperor

Laurel and robe to the right. Rf. MHe|VMNA|ia[N]. Head of Dionysus OaUiv without Base of neck, with long goatee, stiffly hanging down hair and a kind of cap, to the right. M. S. Plate X No. 23. The image on the back used to be just from coins Methymna's neighboring town, Antissa, is known^), one of which here on panel X No. 24 is shown; now it's back again also appears as a Methymnean type on coins from the Dating from the 3rd century BC to the 2nd AD, kick*). As I already noticed'), Ms. Back is in the picture recognized the head carved from olive wood {nqocmnov), which fished out of the sea at Methymna and on the orders of Pythia when Dionysus Phallen was worshiped, and by which the Methymnaeans sent a replica in ore to Delphi^). The stiff ones like hair carved from wood and that, at least on the Methymnean coins, missing neck of the coin image confirm the identification.

From this image of Dionysus, which is probably based on a herm-shaped ger base stood in a temple, is undoubtedly the talk in one Inscription from Methymna from the turn of the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, which S. Reinach explained with his usual insight*).

1) Mono, Greek p. 276; Greek. Mfinien p. 109.

2) Cat. ßrit. Mus. Troas etc. p. 175, 7 Antissa plate XXXY 13; Mon. grecqnes p. 278, 248a plate E 28 nnd, as a counterstamp, on a coin with head of Apollo and Arion (like Brit Mns. a. a. 0. Pl. XXXYII 4) in m. S.

3) Greek. Mfinsen p. 109.

4) Pansanias X 19, 3; Wroth, cat. 1. c. S. LXXYI, where the hand- written Kttf^tliv preceded by the more probable ^alUv appears. See Boscher, Lexicon I p. 1063.

5) Bnll. de Corr. Bright. Vn 1883 pp. 37-41.

286 ^* Imhoof-Blumer:

XXVII. Mytilene.

1. Br. 18. - CeiTOC NBOC MAP[KOY?]. Portrait of the younger one Sextos right bin. Rf. ANAPOMCAA N6A NcXMi^{va%%o(;). Portrait of the

younger Adromeda to the right. M. S. Plate X No. 25 and 26. With this coin the number becomes more famous or prominent outstanding lesbians, whose portraits and names are in Mytilenean Coins from the imperial era have been added, with two new ones added: Sextos the younger (son of Markos?) and Andromeda the younger (daughter of Lesbonax?), both otherwise unknown. The coinage dates from the time of Titus or Domitian, for which the hairstyle of the female portrait was fashionable.

The best critical overview of the Mytilenean images has Wroth given ^). Today it can be supplemented as follows:

.„ . } on a coin from the time of Pius or later. Alcaeus I

Sappho, on coins of the same period.

Lesbonax ^dococfog^ on coins from the time of Pius.

Theophanes d^eogx ^., .

Archedamis S^sa j » »

Theophanes " » Sept.Severus

or Caracalla.

Sextos yiog \ ". Titus or

1

Andromeda via f Domitian.

Dada \ ^ .

^ , ., \ » n Traian. Pankratides'

Lesbonax ^^(ag viog^ “ ^ the Antonine.

lulia Prokla ^Quatg^ ^ “ of Pius.

Nausicaa ^Qootg, r, v n

Sexstos ^Qwg \

Flavia Neikomachis ^) J "^

of M. Aurelius.

1) Eat Brit. Museum, Troas etc. 1894, p. LXXff. and p. 198ff. Plates 39 and 40.

2) The Leukippos of a coin also belongs here

On coin studies d. Pontos, v. Paphlagonia, Tenedos, Aiolis and Lesbos. 287

Of these personalities, only the five first mentioned are historically known. The portraits are in her memory and put on the coins for the glory of Mytilene, and so is It also coincides with the portraits of the others, some of whom were idolized and heroic men and women behave, with exception of the philosopher Lesbonax, to have lived during the imperial period seem.

As can be seen from the above list, I separate two Lesbonax. The elder was the philosopher, the father of the rhetorician Potamon. Since Potamon, from whom Unfortunately, no portraits on coins have been known to date. was already in the years 47 and 45 BC Leader of Mytilene embassies to Caesar and his presumed year of birth therefore at the earliest can be placed around 80 BC, it can be concluded from this that that Lesbonax's work primarily occurred in the first half of the year last century and he was an older contemporary of the theo- phanes was. The coin with his image is just now of Pius under the strategist Hieroitas, who also made coins known with the head of Nausicaa'). Approximately At the same time as these is the coin with a Lesbonax on it IjQcog v^oc, youthful and wreathed with ivy, depicted he- seems. In this v£og with a Dionysian garland is now certainly not the philosopher, but perhaps a grandson or later

the period of Sept. Severn, cat. Brit. Mnsenm plate XL 2. — On an in- The probability arises that Flavia Neikomachis is the one Daughter of Lulia Prokla, Wroth a. a. 0. S. LXXIIIff. — In one Another inscription honors an Anrelia Artemisia and her lineage Yon Potamon and LesboDax engraved, see Cichorias, Mitth. Athens XUI 1888 p. 67. Portrait coins could also be made from this Artemisia. be waited.

1) Mommsen, The Potamon monument on Mytilene, session report. the K. Preuss. Academy 1895» No. XXXYII.

2) Cf. Cichorius, Rome and Mytilene, Leipzig 1888 p. 66, where the strategist Hieroitas is believed to be the father of Theophanes. Against this time- In addition to the style of the coin, the presence of the official title.

288 F. Imhoof-Blumer: Zur Münzk. d. Pontos, v. Paphlagonia, etc.

Descendant of the same, perhaps the father of Andromeda via A€cfßm{vaxtog)^ to recognize^).

Two sextos can also be distinguished: the bearded one Sexstos ^Qfag on coins from the time of M. Aurelius, and the beardless sextos viog McIqxov on the coin described above from the time of Titus or Domitian. Accordingly, it is younger Sextos - perhaps husband of Andromeda and Son-in-law of the younger Lesbonax – essential on coins was worshiped earlier than the older one, whose image is on the the following new coin shows:

2. Br. 27. — CeiCTON r., HPQA 1. Bust of the sextos with robe on the right. Ä/. MYTIAH I NAIQN, nude (?) male figure, left sitting on a rock, the right hand on the knee Left leaning on the rock. M. S. Plate X No. 27. With no new finds of dated or nearly dateable in- writings is the chronological sequence of the Mytileneans portrayed cannot be determined for the time being. Because the minting time of the coins is irrelevant to this question, and also, it seems to me, the hairstyle of the women that corresponds to the time of the respective coin coinage corresponds, but not always to that during his lifetime heroines prevailing fashion. It seems this already from the Probably not earlier than 30 AD, a portrait of the presumed lent the oldest of these women, the Archedamis, that, modeled on the later d^sd Ssßaotij, also deified and appears veiled

Winterthur, September 1896.

F. Imhoof-Blumer.

1) About a Lesbonax who lived in the second century AD had, daily E. Rohde, The Greek. Roman 1876 pp. 341, 3 and Cichorias a. a. 0. p. 66.

On the coinage of Macedonia.

II. The Derran coins.

1. M 31mm V/. AERRO^IKO^ above. Two bulls left

as a wagon, of which only the drawbar and one wheel is (partially) visible. In field 1. and a Macedonian shield at the top.') Pkr. Bf. Recessed square divided into four.

34.70 gt. ~ Puit. Beme arch^ol. 1866, plate XXIII 5.

2. M 37-34mm Vf. CM13A r. from above. Two bulls on the right

stretched out to a wagon, of which only the wheel nnd a piece of the drawbar is visible; in the back grande Hermes naked, bearded, standing to the right, in the lowered B. the Kerykeion, the L. to the head of the laying a bull. Pkr. RF as before.

40.57 gr. - Fkris. Revne atchiol 1866, plate XXm 6.

3. M 36mm Vf. 09

clothed upper body to the right in one of two Sitting in the bull-drawn wagon, in the R., never it

1) About these* phrases. p. 395 note 1.

290 H. Gaebler:

seems to be the reins, in the raised L. a whip holding. Pkr. RF as before.

38.60 gr. — Paris. Revue arcb^ol. 1866, plate XXII 2.

Bompois^) was the first to put these three coins together and to them the familiar large pieces of silver without any inscription lined up, which on the VJ, the group of a man in a bull team and on the i2/. show a triquetrum. He shares these Coinages from the Thracian mentioned by Herodotus') and others Macedonian Yolk tribe of the Odomants and sees in the Inscription that Lenormant already referred to a dynast, the name of one of their kings. In fact, those are true Pieces without inscriptions in the representation of their front the above no. 3 are obviously the same and also in style and weight they are exactly the same as the small labeled group. come. Bompois' compilation is therefore right received general applause. Later Head ^) and Imhoof ^) which until 1879 respectively. 1883 known copies of the recorded in written form. To these two directories I am now in a position to make some important corrections and To give additions that apply to the entire coin group shed completely new light.

For the sake of convenience, Imhoof's directory may nis will be repeated here in brief:

No. 139 39.15 Imhoof. Mon. grecqaes plate D 1.

— a. 35.50 oat. Bompois (1882) pp. 59, 743, plate XU 743.

— b. — Newton, Trayela U p. 24, 1.

— c. 34.40 Paris. Bevue archaeol. 1866, plate XKU 4.

— d. 33.90 CoU. Ed. Wigan.

— e. 33.40 Turin Library.

— f. 40.46 London Cat. Macedonia p. 150, 1.

1) Bevue arch^ologiqne 1866, Taf: XXIT and XXIII and 1867 p. 124ff.

2) Herod. V 16 and 711 112. Cf. Thucyd. II 101 and V 6; Strabo VH 331, 36; Plin. n.h. IV 11, 40 n.a. m.

3) Description of the mödailles. . . de M. le baron Behr (1857) p. 19.

4) London Cat. Macedonia (1879) p. XXIII ff.

5) Monnaies grecqnes (1888) p. 99 f.

To the Haniknude Haledonieiu. 11. 291

Ko.l39g. 40.40 Turin Library.

— h. — Oxford, Cbriit Chnrch LibrMy.

— i. 34.70 Paris. Newton, Tnvela H p. 24, 3rd Revue ucbdol. 1866,

Plate XXn, 3.

To start with the most important thing, daa has Oxforders Copy (h), which so far has only been due to inadequate drawings nupe was known to Newton '], instead of the thick pearl circle the one above actually shows the inscription IWOJUBA, as I could see on a plaster cast that I had kind mediation from Dr. I thank Imhoof-Blumer and according to which the following illustration was made. The E is a bit squashed, the remaining letters, on the other hand, are complete detailed. This is how the two series belong together

irrefutably proven. The Turin copy (g) is like me Mr. Dr. Imhoof-Blumer kindly informs you, from the same Stamping like the Oxforder; from the inscription on the VJ. is to recognize only IH, the rest is not expressed. There is a third copy, but with a different stamp in Berlin, but is unfortunately so poorly preserved that one no inscription can be seen. Very recently saw I am also in the possession of a foreigner passing through here Very well preserved piece of this type with a to the right. fly- the eagle holding a turtle in its beak as a symbol

1) C. T. Newton, TnveU and diicot«riei in tb« Loraot n (1865) 8.24, 2.

292 H. Gaebler:

and with the full inscription: WO>ll W0>W3A. This teaches that we do not, as has happened before, think of a king's name think, but rather the name in the inscription of a tribe, analogous to the BIEAATIKON^). Something to add would be äqyvq^ov^ i.e. coin of the Derrons, and accordingly to the inscription above No. 1 ending in £0 and the BIZAATIKOZ') corresponds to, for example, xaqaxtiqq, stamp. We learn a new Thracian-Macedonian Yolk tribe from who the historical tradition reports nothing, know about the already known Bisalts, Edons, Odomants and Orreskiem. Where this tribe of Derrons had their residence, we can determine with relative certainty. It was most likely the Sithonia peninsula, the middle of the three foothills of Chalcidice. Because here we find it Name Jiqqiq^) as the name of the southern tip of Sithonia*), and also very close to it on the southwest coast the city Tsqiavq^ as it is always called on the coins*), or To^coVf/, to which also the gulf between Sithonia and Fallene is named. This similarity in name is certainly not a coincidence. Presumably the later Terone is with the old capital of the Derrons identical. The Derrons were probably part of the Phrygian indigenous population, which lived in Thrace and in ancient times the Chalcidice') and later probably with the one- migrated Hellenes merged. On a connection especially with the Sithons and the Odomants the environment seems to was to indicate that the legend was about an Odomant king Sithon and his daughter Fallene knew which ones

1) See BerUn Cat. 67, 1, plate IV 27. — Combe, Mus. Hunter (1782) 67, 1, Plate XIII 4; Gousinöry, Voyage dans la Macödoine II (1831) 191, plate VI 18.

2) Annuaire de nnmism. VIII (1884) 32, 3, plate I 3.

3) Strabo VII 330, 31 n. 32; Ptolem. III 12, 10; Pomp. Mela U, 2, 34; Steph. Byz. s. To^vti.

4) Now called Gap Drepano.

5) See Head, Hist. nmn. p. 184.

6) Cf. Tomaschek, The Old Thracians I (1893) p. 37 (Sitz.-Ber. der Vienna. Akad. of Sciences, Vol. 128).

7) Parthen. erotic. 6, 1 according to Theagenes and Hegesippos.

On the coinage of Macedonia, ü. 293

Names, as is well known, on the two foothills of the Ghalkidike are liable, one of which (Sithonia) we see above as the residence of the ronen have addressed.

The Derronen coins certainly still belong to the exit of the 6th century, like that of the Bisalts. As in In the latter the letter forms are very varied and fluctuating are, we also see two different ones in the derrons for the P. different forms (R and P) are in use, apparently too same time. The O sound of the name is analogous to HAfiNAN^ ) and the later TeQwij most probably also as to take a long look and write JsQQmytMoy accordingly.

Let us now return to the really uninscribed coinages the Derronen back, Imhoof's directory is still closed note that the example from the Wigan collection (d) is completely new- ding in the Gatalogue Ashburnham (1895) pp. 13, 71, plate III 71, has been well depicted, even its weight at 40.11 gr. (instead of 33.90 at Imhoof). The other Turin Piece (s), for which Imhoof states 33.40 gr., weighs much more 38.40 gr., as I found out. This is important, because the question of the coinage standard that these coins follow presents some difficulty, as we will see later. In In 1882 the Berlin Coin Cabinet produced an excellent A valuable piece of this type was acquired, its special feature is that so far only the group of Vf. has moved to the left turned shows '). On the 22/. it has, like all those mentioned so far pieces, the triquetrum. On this occasion it should be noted that as a rule the triquetrum is drawn in such a way that the Legs seem to move to the right, but is found a few times also the opposite direction, i.e. to the left, what has not yet been taken into account. The specimens in Oxford (h) and Turin (g and e), as well as that of the Imhoof collection (139) on the RF show clear traces of a shallowly deepened qua-

1) See London Gat. Maced. p. 144, 1.

2) Berlin Gat. 174, SO, TaL YU 67; Friedlaender, Zeitachr. f. Nam. XI (1884) 8.48.

294 H. Gaebler:

drats, which has completely disappeared on the rest of the stack in Paris (i), which instead of the tripod on the Rf. has a whole flat, partly even with recessed Contnren Athena head with Corinthian helmet facing r. shows is how I feel was able to convince with the help of a plaster cast, undoubtedly false') and has already been removed from the collection in Paris. divorced. Head has rightly made it into the Historia numorum (8. 180) not included. I myself have a completely identical one, Certainly a fake piece, made from the same mold as the Paris one seems to be.

The Derron coins discussed above should ultimately be True, according to Head's suggestion, the similar barbaric one Embossed with a meaningless inscription on the Vf. and a Pegasos in the recessed square of the RJ. to be arranged, the in two copies from the same stamps in London*) and Paris are known. It's probably from a barbaric neighboring tribe in imitation of the Derrons Coins have been minted, behind which there is also a difference in weight. lags behind significantly

Taking into account the above-mentioned reports The following list of additions and additions can now be made Setting up Derron coins:

A. With recessed square on the Rf. L— 3. see above 8. 289.

B. With triquetrum on the RF.

4. 36-31mm. Vf W0>IIW0;W3A above. Bearded man with Sleeve chiton and flat hat in one of two bulls (only one visible) pulled wagon with braided Seat and ancient wheel ') sitting to the right, in the Raised R. a whip, the first arm not visible.

1) Bompois already doubted the authenticity, Tgl. Revue arch^ol. 1867, p. 127 note 1.

2) London Cat Macedonia p. 151, 2 illustrations.

3) About its form see Imhooi^ Monnaies grecques p. 79.

On the MünKnende of Macedonia. II. "295

In the field above one to the right. flying eagle with one Turtle in beak, i. F. nten Aphlaston. Pkr. Rf. Triquetrum to the left.

39.20 gr. — private property.

5. 35—33mm. Vf. IV\0>UI3A above. Same group; i. F

Above there is a makedo decorated with a large star nic shield^), i. F. below Aphlaston. Pkr. Rf. Triquetrum to the right, traces of the Tertieften square.

a. 41.21 gr. Oxford, Christ Chnrch. Newton, Trarels II p. 24, 2, inaccurate [darana Head Oat Maeed. 8. XXTV 8; Imhoof^ Mon. grecqneB p. 100, 139 h]. — Submission above p. 291.

b. 40.40 gr. Turin Bibl. Paciandi, Ad nommos consnlares .... animadr. philol. (1757) 8. 71, plate 1 1; Imhoof a. a. 0. 139g.

c. 36.82 gr. (very badly corroded, writing not visible). Berlin Oat. 174, 81.

6. Vf. Same group; i. F. top Corinthian helmet right-

back, 1st F. below flower. Pkr. Rf. Triquetrum to the right, one in each of the interstitial spaces Palmette.

a. 36-81mm. 40.46 gr. London Oat. Maeed. 8. 150, 1 fig. ; Yanx, Korn, chronicle 1861, 8. 104, Tal VI 1; Head, synth opsis (1881) 8. 9, 17, Tal Y 17; Imhoof a.a.O. 139 f.

b. 36-32mm. 38»40 gr. Tarin BibL Imhoof a. a. 0. 139e. The Vf is, it seems, from the same stamp as the Sound a. On the train station, saving the deep Qnadrate.

c. 34-31mm 35.70 gr. (soiled). Oat Bompob (1889) p. 59, 743, plate m 743; Imhoof a. a. 0. 139 a. — Aaf this ex. The man's left arm is shown rorstretched, as on the (not drawn) reins za hold (rgL Ko. 8ff. n. above Ko. 3). The Palmetien aaf der Rf. are only visible when completely awake and in the oat. not on given.

7. 38-35mm. Vf. Same group; i. F. above Corinthian

Helmet to the right, i F. palmette below. Pkr. Rf. Triquetrum to the right, traces of the depressed square.

89.15 gr. SammL ImhooL Imhoof a. a. 0. 139, TaL D 1.

1) This is how this epithet can be interpreted. At the copy in Oat Ashbnmham (above Ko. 10) a clear chanktexiated shield appears next to a Corinthian helmet, while on the other stacks the helmet aUeia is shown in place of the shield

296 ^* Gaebler:

8. 36-32mm. VJ. The same oruppe, but both arms of the

Man's visible, the r. with the whip raised, the 1. pre-stretched (cf. No. 6 c). In the field above Corinthian shear helmet to the right. Fkr. 22/. Triquetrum to the left.

34.40 gr. Paris. Revue archoeol. 1866, Tau XXII 4, inaccurate; Imhoof a. a. 0.139c.

9. 39-31. VJ, Same group as before, but to the left;

i. F. top Corinthian helmet to the left. RJ. triquetrum to the right; one each in the gaps Palmette.

38.87 gr. Berlin Cat. 174, 80, Act VII 67. Friedlaender, Zeitschr. f. Number XI (1884) p. 48.

10. 33mm. previous year Similar group to the right, the man without

head covering and with an bare upper body, the car seat without wickerwork and the wheel less so ancient. In the field above, a Corinthian helmet to the right. and next to it a Macedonian shield, i.F. bottom flower. Pkr. RJ. Triquetrum to the right, one in each space Palmette (?)

40.11 gr. Cat. Ashbumham (1895) pp. 13, 71, plate III 71; earlier Coli. Ed. Wigan. Imhoof a. a. 0. 139 d.

11. 35-32mm. Vf. as before, but without the shield. Pkr. RJ. Triquetrum to the left.

a. 32.74 gr. (damaged on ribbon). Löbbecke.^)

b. — Newton, Travels n p. 24, 1.

1) The authenticity of this piece has been confirmed by Prof. Pick, who received a plaster The cast was cast in doubt and on stylistic grounds he particularly the shape of the bathroom and the car seat, the floor line, etc which Triqnetmm objected to. However, the bathroom and car seat are different drawn than the other pieces (No. 4 to 9), but can be found in YöUig the same form also on the Ex. in the Cat. Ashbumham (No. 10), nnd Their difference may be explained by the fact that No. 10 and 11 apparently are the youngest of the whole group. At the ground line and the trique I can't see anything suspicious. The silver of the coin is thoroughly oxidized and granulated, so that only the assumption remains, that an old genuine (perhaps very poorly preserved) piece with a would be re-coined with a modern stamp, which is at least possible and at the same time would offer an explanation for the peculiar ones, such as the jumping off of the (in-

On the coinage of Macedonia. II.

297

C. Barbaric recoining (?). VJ. Meaningless inscription, similar group to the right; i. F

above Corinthian helmet to r. Pkr. Rf. Deepened square, with Pegasus on the right in one

double line square.

a. 32mm. 32.08 gr. London Cat Maced. p. 151, 2 illustrations.

b. 31mm. 31.94 gr. Paris.

If we ignore the last group (C), we show The coins of the Derrons have the following weights:

41.21

(6a)

40.57

(2)

40.46

(6a)

40.40

(5b)

40.11

(10)

39.20

(4)

39.16

(7)

38.87

(9)

38.60

(3)

38.40

(6b)

36.82

(5c)

35.70

(6c)

34.70

(1)

34.40

(8)

32.74

(IIa

very badly corroded.

damaged.

rubbed off.

damaged. IIa) very heavily oxidized and damaged. Bompois, who only knew 1, 2, 3 and 8, “considers these coins to be Octodrachms ^.Olympic system^, whose drachma he with 4.88 gn calculated, and explains the very significant difference between 2, 3 on the one hand and 1, 8 on the other due to wear and tear

as a result of oxidation) of brittle metal. letinngen, which the Vf shows several times. Then No. would also have to be. 10 fake because of the exact match in every detail be. Because of the weight yergl. P. 299. Mr. Löbbecke has the kindness had to send me the original for examination, for which he is here thank you very much again. — A very clumsy forgery of such a thing Decadrachmon, as it appears to be modeled on the London example (No. 6 a), is among the falsies of the coin cabinet in Athens and is mine in the plaster cast ror.

Z«itMkrift for Nvaknfttik. XX. 20

298 H. Gaebler:

the latter two pieces')- Brandts^), to whom the weights of 2, 6a, 1 and 8 were known, you see these coinages first (p. 119) Attic ten and eight drachma pieces, but pulls it later (p. 208), the same "as ten and twelve times the also the silver pieces of the Oetas of 27.70-27.10 gr. to 6r^nde lying unit of 3.45 - 3.37 gr.*** That would be i.e. the Phoenician (Graeco-Asian) currency. This believes also Head *) underlying, but without two different ones distinguish nominals. Imhoof finally, just the group B, is of the opinion that there is a system in the embossing change can be noted and holds the heavier pieces (about 40.50 gr.) as Babylonian tetrastaters, the lighter ones (about 35.00 gr.) as octodrachms of Euboean-Attic currency on. This assumption of a change in the coin base is reflected speaks of the fact that in the apparently older Series A, the we now have to consider united with B, also the shows the same weight difference, i.e. a temporal succession The result of two systems is excluded. Head's view that the pieces are all Phoenician decadrachms, it is also if untenable. With the normal weight of 36.50 grams for one Only the last four pieces are in such a decadrachmon Our weight range unites the vast majority on the other hand, whose weight rises to 41.21 grams, can possible to be reconciled with this approach. Apparently Head was led to his view by that he kept those coins for the coinage of the Odomants, they So in the so-called Bisalten area (“Bisaltian district'^) arose believed, whose inhabitants (Bisalten, Edonen, Orreskier) all Lich made use of the Phoenician currency. But now, as we saw above, the derrons, which these Coins actually belong to, most likely

1) Revue archoeol. 1867, p. 128 f.

2) Monetary, mass and weight system in Yorderasia p. 119, 208 a. 528.

3) Historia namomm pp. 170 and 180^

4) Monnaies grecqnes p. 100.

On the coinage of Macedonia, part. 299

Sitbonia was based, and since all the important cities of the GhaUddike (Aineia, Akanthos, Dikaia, Mende, Olynthos, Poti- daia, Skione, Sermyle, Terone) in their oldest forms If we follow the Euboean-Attic system, this is also from the front in with the Derrons. This assumption the coins fully confirm this. Let's take the Euboean Attic drachma to 4.30 gr., this results in the deca- drachmon 43.00 gr., and that is actually how high the normal weight for the derron coins are set, their Heaviest known to us with fairly perfect preservation Weighs 41.21 grams ^). For the remaining pieces the weight is Loss is considerable, 5 c and 6 c only weigh 36.82 respectively. 35.70 gr., but both are so badly damaged that this one Low weight is easily explained. However, it is more difficult the question of whether 1, 8 and IIa can still be considered as deca- are to be understood as drachmas. Bompois speaks regarding the the former of “usure assez consid^rable^, and also has 8, like the illustration and an oip cast in front of me are clearly visible. let us know, suffered severe damage, as did IIa Significantly damaged at the edge and also very heavily oxidized So the big weight loss would at least happen clarify, and in fact I prefer, all the pieces to be interpreted as decadrachms, as it is not likely to me is that, as Brandis thinks, one has two different nominals (i.e. ten and eight drachma pieces) next to each other in the same way Size and (as far as 8 and IIa are concerned) even with the same Types should have pronounced that only with the balance in the could be distinguished by hand.

1) So Brandis, with his view first expressed (8. 119), which he later (p. 208) looks back on regarding the coin base Right hit.

Berlin. Dr. Hugo Gaebler.

20»

The oldest, previously uncanioned Mtmzeii of the met by

Eatzenelenbogen.

I am able to find some dating back to the 14th century. minting coins of the Counts of Eatzenelenbogen to be published. people who were previously not known as mint lords.

The properties of this historic town located on the Middle Rhine The so important gender disintegrates into the smaller, lower one County between Lahn and Taunus with the headquarters of the Oesex Alt -Eatzenelenbogen, Schwalbach, Rheinfels, Ems, Oberlahnstein, St. Goar, and the larger Upper County between the Rhine, Main and Odenwald with Darmstadt, Zwingen- berg, Bheinheim, Eberstadt etc., which are the Eernland of the current Grand Duchy of Hesse.

The Count's House was mentioned as early as the 11th century and is communicated shortly before the middle of the 13th century the sons of Dither II in the Old and New Eatzenelen lines arch (Latin Catimelibocus), whose possessions are local not exactly separate.

Meanwhile, the younger line (Neu-Eatzenelenbogen) was pre- namely in the upper county became wealthy and increased their numbers Possessions namely by Eberhard I. (f 1312)^), the friend

1) At the request of the Faldish Glern {this Count Eberhard was im Years 1282 by King Rudolf to Abbot Berthold of Fulda for 6 years added as monastery administrator (cf. Wenck, Hess. Landesgesch. I, p. 347).

Some in the Royal Eabinet in Berlin have doubts about the latter Bracteates belonging to the Hessian and Hesse quarters of the 13th century. Fuldish Factory (a related example in the Ducal Museum in Braunschweig) show a secular man sitting next to the abbot and are likely to be

H. Buchenau: The oldest coins of the Count Ton Katzenelenbogen. 301

and bath giver to Rudolf of Habsburg, through whom he received the Beicbsgäter zu Tribur received

His descendant Dither VI. from new - Katzenelenbogen (1357 - 1402) was imperial governor in the Wetteran. Dither's son Johann m. (1402-1444) united the meetings of both lines through his marriage to Anna Heir daughter of Eberhard VI (f 1403), the last count of Alt- Katzenelenbogen.

They die with Johann's son Philipp (1444-1479). Counts of Katzenelenbogen in the male line from and through the marriage of his daughter Anna to Landgrave Hein- rich UI. Most of the count falls to Hesse-Marburg. schaft in Hesse. The Lower County, in modern times from the surrounding Rhinelanders, probably because of the evangelical faith of the residents in a mocking manner Called “blue lands*”, it belonged until the time of the through to the upheavals caused by the French Revolution Hesse-Kassel partly became Hesse-Darmstadt, while the upper county owned exclusively by the latter line of the Hessian Regent's House remained.

The coat of arms of the Counts of Katzenelenbogen is after In heraldic terminology, a rising “lioned leopard”. with head turned forward and always uncrowned, red in gold; the helmet shows a silver flight with a disc on it with the leopard. The drawing of this helmet jewel will be treated with considerable freedom on the seals (cf. those at Wenck, Hess. State history, Vol. I, 1783, given all but inaccurate drawings); the disc is either on in flight or sits directly on the helmet; the seal Bertholds U. von Neu -Katzenelenbogen (1312 - 1319, he was the son of Eberhard I, the Oross father of Dither VI). instead of the disk and the flight there is an umbrella board on which

be taken into account during this time of the monastery's existence. Since it However, they are not actually Katzenelenbogic tests, so I will ignore them here these pieces.

302

H. Bnch«iiKo:

the leopard appears. Apparently the line Alt-Katzenelen- BogeD only a one-way flight, Neu-Eatzenelenbogeo the Fing have led twice, and in this latter form that leads Hessian house the helmet death Katzenelenbogen, also maintain the Hessian landgraves always kept the heraldic animal on their shield to drive (cf. Wenck, hese. Landesgesch. I, 8. 608 ff.) - that the younger line Neu-Eatzenelenbogen at least in the 15th century The flight was carried out twice on his helmet, as evidenced by the coat of arms representation on the D prepared by Hans Baldung, called Grien large vote with the family of Carcgrave Christoph

Ton Baden (1475-1515) and his wife Ottilie, Count of Katzenelenbogen in the Oalerie in Karlsruhe; cf. those of B. Sucbier, Festschr- d. Banau Historical Society 1894 onter No. 35 given likeness. On the other hand, for Alt-Katzenelenbogen As Wenck already noted, the seals leave us in the dark, whether the flight is just a simple one. On those described below Pfennig the disc appears large, oval and immediately sitting on the helmet, and clearly wearing the helmet on this Mfluzen just a one-way flight.

To illustrate the coat of arms I give in the text based on casts from the collection of the Academy in Bauau

The llteat«n hunts of the Counts of Eatienelenbogen. 303

Illustration of the Ditbers lY seal. (f 1315), the younger Binders' Wilbelms L from Alt-Katzenelenbogen (d 1331), as As a result, he wears a five-bladed tournament collar on top Heraldic animals, and the image of the seal of his Obeima boar hards I of Neu-Katzenelenbogen (d. 1312).

The following are mostly the ones I know of safe character of the county of Katzenelenbogen:

Without the MAnzberren coming.

1. Flat, one-sided silver penny from the second half of the 14th century. In Keifen: Stechhelm from the right side, with a clearly in the form of one after The helmet cover is distinguished by the cloth falling behind. Helmet image: in front of what appears to be peacock feathers composite finger an oval disc with the jumping toned leopard. No transcription. Diameter: 14-15mm. Weight of one in the Mancbener Eabinet copy 0.21 gr. A few other specimens were in the collection of the district doctor Dr. who died in 1S94. Fikentscher in Augs- castle, where I saw them in August 1894 and found them as Eatzen- Eleven pennies recognized; since August 1896 These pieces are part of the rest of Fikentscber's collection in the KgL Cabinet za Berlin. The Monchen copy is something

304 H- Bachenaa:

mutilated and disfigured by double blow; see the first of the above illustrations; the other illustrations are taken from the now Berlin copies.

Count Dither VL von Neu-Katzenelenbogen (1357-1402).

2. Single-sided, flat silver penny. In the triangular shield a jumping, lioned leopard from the right, in the hoop the transcription: * DITIi • COfittaS • 08 • KR. through- knife: 15—16mm; Weight of five copies of the Equal. Eabinets to Munich together: 1.15 gr.

These pieces were given to me in the summer of 1894 by the gentleman Director of the Egl. Coin Cabinets in Munich, Prof. Dr. Riggauer, submitted for determination after the same until then Unraveling had scoffed since the upstairs was almost closed drawn, and moreover poorly depicted in almost all copies. held E was always read as B. These are from Pieces, such as the Munich copy of No. 1 and No. 3 from the finds delivered to the Munich Eabinet in 1880 from Billenhausen in Swabia and Fetzelhofen in Franconia.

The main content of these finds falls into the second half of the 14th century and the same also contained the enigmatic ones Pennies with the rafter shield and the name of the dominatrix Agnes, who belong to both Hanau and Eppstein can ; I have a treatise on the same in preparation.

Other poorly preserved examples of the pennies with the I also found Dither's name in the Fikentscher collection.

Dither Y. von Eatzenelenbogen, “the young Greven Dithers selgen sune^ (Reimer, Hanauer Urk.-B. Bd. H, No. 300), which Died underage in 1326, remains just like the other earlier ones Counts of this name for the allocation of the pennies entirely out of consideration.

The oldest coins of the Counts of Katzenelenbogen. 305

Dither VI. is by no means historically irrelevant. He In 1394 King Wenceslaus appointed administrator of the ducal thums Luxemburg ordered (Wenck a. a. 0. p. 495), and the same In 1398, the emperor pledged 7,000 heavy guilders to him bailiwick in the Wetterau; for their better handling Wenceslas the Count allowed three old tumors (“three old gates” ness gros^) from every load of wine and “other merchants” treasure that raises the blood and spirit; one too Mainz, two to Lahnstein or another suitable zone (Wenck a. a. 0., supplement CCLXXXVI). In Limburg Chronicle is Dither VI. according to Wenck a. a. 0. p. 494 as brave Kriegshen* characterized: ^Count Dither von Eatzenelenbogen was born in Limburg from a mother who was very strict If he was master of his enemies, then he was with a large people, knights and servants, always ridden over, and that was all his performance sentence that he rode over his enemies and was called Birbe''. (According to Wenck, the latter word means something like honest man.)

3. Single-sided, flat silver penny. In the tire, like it seems, in Gothic minuscule the letters: hit*..; behind the three recognizable letters is still for three more space, so that the minting of this coin seems to have contained nothing more than that Names ^Dither**. In a similar way, for example, appear B. the minuscule letters nam^ and nSOt'" on only slightly later Amberger and Gör- litzer coins instead of a pictorial type, so that the The name Dither is the only brief inscription on the coin there shouldn't be anything strange about it. The one in poor condition Example of this stamp in the Munich Royal Palace. Cabinet (through- knife: 15-16mm; Weight: 0.25 gr.) is already included described Katzenelenbogen characters found together

306 ^* Bnchenftu:

been, which meant that I tried it with caution Assignment of the piece to Count Dither VI. of cats elenbogen becomes more likely.

It is striking that we are talking about such an important ter- ritorium like the county of Katzenelenbogen only these few small imprints can prove, while us from others not exactly more important areas, such as Nassau, Waldeck, etc. have large MQnz series that continue for centuries. Perhaps the reason is that the upper county the gates of such important mints as Frankfurt and Mainz was located, from where it could easily cover its financial needs, while the Lower County only runs through the riverbed of the Rhine from the Trier, which was so constantly active in the Middle Ages Coblenz mint was separated. In the Niedergraf However, according to Wenck's assumption (Hess. State business I, p. 259 and register under "Coin") a coin location in S. Goar; The town and monastery there (since around 1190). They also paid a Rhine toll in S. Goar), the Counts of Katzenelenbogen from Prüm Abbey to fiefdom and after one According to the Prüm property register, the abbey owned it in 1222 City and monastery of S. Goar and the coinage of this Places (see also Menadier, Deutsche Münzen, Vol. I, p. 36). According to Wenck a. a. 0. However, as early as 1264, Count Dither called UL S. Goar simply “civitatem nostram”. King Albert left S. Goar ceded itself to Count Eberhard in 1300, the city gave up However, the same thing returned the following year (Wenck a. a. 0., supplement GV and GVI).

Accordingly, the counts had, as is probably the case on the Rhine customs it can be assumed as doubtless, the coin in S. Goar is really in operation, so one can assume that they also reflected in the tumosis coinage of the 14th century. shared, similar to the neighboring dynasty families from Hammerstein, Isenburg (Sinzig), Nassau etc., and that from Grote, Coin Studies Vol. III, Plate IV, 5 (text p. 164) dem Count Johann III. Tumor assigned by Sayn (1357-1403).

The oldest coins of the Counts of Katzenelenbogen. 307

with n Joh'anes comes^ and according to Grote's statement “lioned Leo- parden'' as an epithet might more rightly refer to the count von Neu - Katzenelenbogen Johann L (f 1357), the father Dither VI, or Jo-, who was proven above as the coin lord Hann II (d. 1361), a cousin of Johanna L Ton of the same Line, to be assigned because that appears as a symbol Animals do not have double tails as shown in the illustration is, as always, the Sayn leopard. Grote saw correctly, that the head of the animal rests on the tumor mentioned is facing forward, so is the assignment of the Stacks at Nassau or Namur excluded.

The Alt-Katzenelenbogen line ruled at the time of mentioned turnose coinage Count Wilhelm I. (f 1331) and Wilhelm II (f around 1385). For the numerous preserved “wild” helmus comes''-tumors, the Grote (Münzst. VII, p. 42 ff.) dem Attributed to Count Wilhelm von Berg (1360-1380), this would come Allocation to Katzenelenbogen will be considered as soon as possible which often occurs on these pieces within the inscription- the little lion the leopard prove Hesse. Among the Gymnastics of Duke Wilhelm H. von Jülich (1361—1391) Grote (Münzstud. VII, p. 433) describes one with “Wilhelmus dux^ designated tumors in his collection, which has a clearly recognizable and unusually large leopard lions above the cross on the back, and presumed below a Sayn replica coin. This tumor can also occur same right as the mentioned Johannes tumosis for cats Elenbogen can be used.

Münden. Dr. H. Buchenau.

An AnsbaGher ScMlling from Margrave Albreclit AcMlles

from Brandenburg.

The shortest-lived Franconian mint of the Margraves of Brandenburg was Ansbach. No wonder there are so few traces came to us through their activities. It's the merit by L. Fikentscher for clarifying their circumstances. In his “Contributions to the History of the Margravial Branden” Burgenland mints in Ansbach, Schwabach and Jägerndorf in the 15th and 16th centuries'' (Archive for History and Antiquity thumskunde of the historical association for Upper Franconia, Vol. 12. Bayreuth 1874) he makes it likely that Margrave Albrecht Achilles because of dissatisfaction against the imperial city Nuremberg was prompted to found the Onolzbach Mint. Because in 1467 the margraves' coinage convention Johann and Albrecht with the city of Nuremberg had expired, according to which the Margravial Brandenburg coins minted in Nuremberg for a period of 10 years should be, it was no longer renewed. Albert Achilles made a deal with Bishop George of Bamberg in 1469 a contract in which it was stipulated that during the one quarter in Bamberg, the next in Onolz- Bach or another margravial town should. A letter from Albrecht dated January 17, 1470 It was clear that Onolzbach really had new white pennies and new ones large shillings were struck. But still the same Years later the Onolzbach mint closed again Albrecht came into possession of the Eur dignity. To hers The Schwabach Mint took its place after Easter 1470.

L. Müller: Ansbacher Schilling Albrecht Achilles* from Brandenburg. 309

He owns one of the white pennies struck in Ansbach the Germanic National Museum in Nuremberg. His embossed According to Fikentscher, the side shows the helmeted (?) coat of arms between the letters 3t(lbertus) — O(nolzbach).

The one in the collection of the Bayreuth Historical Society F. describes the schilling as follows:

VJ. The Brandenburg right-wing eagle with the Eleestengehi on the wings and the ZoUern coat of arms the chest; Inscription between two finely grooved compass lines starting at the top + ^tLBOR S D o 6 S 5ß3CR(miO S BR^tHOaS

RJ. Tilted helmet and with the burggrave's Helmet decorated with the Nuremberg castle count's coat of arms, Above and below the inscription and the inner compass sharing. On both sides of the helmet ornament the letters K— (AJbertus — Onolzbach) according to the former R(rideri- cus) — Z(enne). The transcription that also begins at the top reads:

fliouara 2 ßOo VK s KRean o o ;

The copy that came into my possession differs from this Bayreuther decides that the one standing between dashed circles Transcription ends with 3CR6aßTo instead of 3CR6aßooo. Just The two ringlets at the end are a bit unclear, like The letters 6 o fll have also gone out on the front. There itself the change in transcription represents an improvement, so The piece probably belongs to a later edition.

Both shillings have a diameter of 26 mm a weight of 2.5 gr.

Strasbourg.

L. Müller.

The medal on Degenhard FfefQnger.

Merzn Plate XI.

The Ducal Library in Gotha preserves among them manuscripts a small octave volume^), which contains the title carries: Aerea et plvmbea Degenhardi Ffeffingeri Boioariae infer. marscalci hereditarii nvmismata. It is from Schlaeger's hand, the Duke from 1744 to 1786! Coin Cabinet in Gotha board, written and the copy of one from the beginning of Dating from the 16th century, which no longer exists Original ^). Gyprian must have used this original when writing Catalog of Gotha manuscripts published in 1714 Library^) still knew. Because from his description Exercise shows that Pfeffinger's catalog contains four the coat of arms associated with the dedication of the book was decorated, which can no longer be found in the copy. But Gyprian hasn't seen the entire catalog either, but only his third and final book. Where this now it may have come, whether it was perhaps so damaged was that after Schlaeger copied it, it was removed from the library The counter was eliminated, I was unable to determine."

A small compensation for the loss of the first two B&cher offers the one added at the end of the third and on

1) Cod. Chart. B. 1763.

2) Man etc. daza the short information in Rathgeber, description the heart. Gemftlde - Gallerie zu Gotha (Gotha 1835), p. 104, which is also referred to in the Groteschen “Leaflets for Coin Studies'*, Vol. I, No. 29 in a the language of Rathgeber's book is pointed out.

3) Catalogus codicum mannscriptomm bibliothecae Gothanae (Leipzig 17U), p. 120f.

K. Koetschaa: The medal on Degenhard J^felfinger. 31 1

Index covering the entire catalog. Damach contained the first book on (at least) 361 pages the directory the golden, the second of (at least) 402 pages the ver- Drawing of silver coins and medals. Consider this Well, in the third book there are 883 pieces on 151 pages - including A little over 100 Roman coins are listed, so it is said one estimates the collection at 2,000 Pieces may still be behind their actual inventory - stay. But that is for a private collection in Germany at the beginning of the 16th century, when there was hardly anyone at that time only began collecting coins following the example of Italy, certainly not a small number.

The short one printed by Cyprian, which is otherwise insignificant Preface, the Pfeffinger to the dedication to Emperor Maximilian I, to the Elector Frederick the Wise and to the Duke Wilhelm lY. from Bavaria, gives the year of composition of the 1514 catalogue. But it is likely that with This year the catalog was not yet finally completed — that's how it is, for example. B. on p. 140 for a gift from the Duke Wilhelm recorded the year 1515 - but by no means can he goes beyond the year 1519, in which, as we still do learn that the owner of the collection died.

So I have everything remarkable about the catalog said. For a description of the coins, of which only If the inscriptions are given, you will search in vain. Here and there is an addition like pulcher, parvus, magnus and the like and only very rarely is there more detailed information, but that too then no conclusions can be drawn.

We're a little better informed about the fate of the collection informed than about their content. Pfefinger's will is us.^) Then Friedrich the Wise was to receive him

1) I don't know where the original of this will is Like Koede, I have read Frederick the Wise and the beginnings of the Reformation. tion (Erlangen 1881), the 8th 15th and p. 74 f. wlhnt, but couldn't find the original, the copy in

312 K« Eoetschau:

would have assisted in the collection, which in the perception of pepper Finger's wife in Salbarnkirchen, strange Muntz Gold and silver^ inherit, but his friend Spalatin still in Pfeffinger's house in Torgau kept "copper pieces from Muntz" including several pieces of gold and silver.'* From then on all messages are missing again. It can only be assumed that we are most likely referring to Frederick the Wise, possibly also the part of the inheritance that goes to Spalatin schaft in the coin cabinets of the Saxon courts, so perhaps in Dresden, Weimar or Gotha, even if the lack of The information in the catalog is retained from the outset without any prospect Success, have to look for.

However, one piece of the collection is able to do so despite the poor Specifying the attention of the person who has the catalogue leafs through, to captivate. I mean the one there on page 95 unfortunately Medal recorded without any addition, the Pfeffinger had it made for himself. I'm interested in this medal Only one copy has become known, the one in the heart. Coin cabinet to Gotha ^). Various inquiries as to whether there is anything else Those who received copies gave negative answers. Beierlein, who knew the medal and in connection with it published by others ^), unfortunately does not indicate in which collection he sabbed them. And just as little did I know where von Out briefly mentioned in a letter to Tentzel'),

Nead ecker's estate used, the aaf the heart. Bibl. in Gotha at the beginning is maintained.

1) Allow me to take this opportunity to thank the two Yorst&nden of EabinetB, Mr. Geh. Hofrat Dr. W. Pertsch and Prof. Dr. B. Pick, who always gave me the most kind support in my work It is up to Hesse to publicly express my warmest thanks.

2) Mr. Dr. H. Riggauer was kind enough to refer me to the essay on egg- lein s “Medals for excellent and famous Bajem^^ in Vol. X, Issue 2 of Upper Bavaria. Archives 1 fatherL Gesch. (Munich 1848) to draw attention to where the passage on p. 163 ff. can be found. An addendum, Bathgeber's note re., in Vol. XII, Issue 2, p. 179. Beierlein also gives an illustration of the Medal, which is useless for the researcher.

3) Tentiel, Saz. Num. Lhi. Emest. I. P. 458.

The medal on Degenhard Pfeffinger. 313

but has already remained a rare example. This located in Gotha is the cabinet's old property. Already hoarding leather, which gives us a detailed description of its inventory under Ernst the Pious'), the medal mentions noting that they were sent to the collection on June 22, 1622 “Followed here from the common F. S. archive^'). Circumstance that they obviously didn't change hands often may be due to its good preservation.

Below I provide a description of the medal which one should compare their illustration on Plate XI.

Bronze casting'). Clear traces of cislation. through- knife 74 mm. Vf, : TEGENHABT • PFEPPINGER • ZV • SAL- BARN . CHURCHES . ERB • MARSCHALH • IN • NIDERNBAIRN A lancet-shaped leaf between the beginning and end of the writing. Bust to the right, not exactly in the middle of the medal but shifted slightly to the right. — The baitless one Pfeffinger's face has a strongly curved nose expressive mouth, but especially because of the unequal ones Proportions - the chin and mouth area appear in proportion Noticeably long just like the nose area - very characteristic- ristic features in themselves. The one combed far into the forehead, in Long curls of hair falling down to the shoulders are of a hat turned up at the back of the head, like one she used to wear at that time, covered. This is the chest clothing is only through one of two parallel Slightly indicated hem formed by lines.

RF. The Pfeffinger coat of arms. No writing. — The

1) Hortleder's “Description of the Dnrcblaachtigen, Hoch- Bohemian princes and Mr. Ernst Hertzogen tu Saxony, Jülich, Cleve and Berg etc. shared Gabinets of old and new coins among the manuscripts of Hers. Library in Gotha with the signature Cod. Chart. B. 1742.

2) Unfortunately, the archaeological research did not reveal anything further Result

3) Bath giver a. a. 0. says: “made of bell metal^S probably with regard to the yellowish tint of the bronze.

Z«itaehrift Itt Nnmlaiiuitik. XX. 21

314 K. KoetBchaa:

The medalist does not appear to have been a skilled heraldic illustrator be. Even the heraldic animal attached to the shield is half charging wolf *), proves it, but even more so at first Helmet jewel that defies every interpretation and which gives us the first Heraldry must be explained as a drum over which on a A peacock's frond is attached to the shaft). Completely as whole failed one has to designate the helmet covers that the Artists almost violently attempt to fill the tree sam has pulled apart, and the almost vegetable-like structures themselves.

When determining the time of creation of the medal I am since I have documentary evidence of it, like an invoice or the like had not been able to find, had to rely on what can be read from the medal itself. Fefflinger is referred to here as Egg Marshal of Lower Bavaria. How now from the Pfeffinger family chronicle, which is the historical one Association kept by and for Upper Bavaria^), it can be seen that The hereditary marshal's office went to Degenhard after his death Father's Gentiflor in 1503. The medal must therefore, as Beierlein concludes'), may have been created after 1503. But the downside allows us - and he just overlooked that mentioned researchers - also a conclusion about the term ad quem. Because we continue to learn from the chronicle*) that Emperor Max, according to a document dated April 8, 1511, to Degenhard

1) If not the description and illustration in Siebmachers Wappenbnch, 6th Vol. 1st Dept., if help would come, one would probably doubt can determine which animal is depicted.

2) Siebmacher a. a. 0.

3) Mr. Dr. Werner Weissbach was kind enough to help me since I was born I didn't have the opportunity to go back to Munich because I was busy with the medal to come and look through the chronicle for me. Unfortunately it resulted from her nothing related to the medal. The biographical material, which The fact that the yield falls short of expectations is already a problem Geiss et al. evaluated.

4) a. a. 0.

5) In Siebmacher's coat of arms book a. a. 0. P. 23 refers to the tax in question pointed out.

The medal goes to Degenhard Pfeffinger. 315

allowed a quartered coat of arms - in the 1st and 4th fields with a lion, in the 2nd and 3rd with the wolf - to lead and the coat of arms with two helmets, the old one and one from which the lion of the shield grows to crown. Like this So we get the boundaries for the time when the me- daille the years 1503 and 1511. Within this period But I can't make any further determination been possible.

Beierlein says'): “I like (also) an Italian trip The medal owes its origins to the fact that it was built entirely in the period of that time Italian style is worked" I believe that no reader this magazine, which deals with the art history of the medal has become familiar with this stylistic determination will speak. That's why I can probably imagine any further discussion about this point save and probably need Hard to point out that an indirect testimony for the Italian origin perhaps already in the clumsy Representation of the coat of arms can be seen, as it means the Italian Medalist was faced with a task he was not very familiar with. In addition, the medal would hardly be anywhere else than under the Italian ones have to be accommodated for the reason that because they are in the development history of the German medal - and this is the only one that comes into consideration - one for These years were completely unusual and defy any classification would be a contradictory appearance. That now because of the medal of this Italian origin during Pfeffinger's stay in Italy came into being, as Beierlein thinks, is needed, although This assumption is all the closer since Pfeffinger is often there - I don't think it's necessary to accept that.

With this assertion I come closer to the question of which one Artist is to be seen as the maker of the medal. I'm fine I am conscious of entering unsafe territory because, as Friedlaender once says, “little emphasis on subjective

1) a. ft. 0. S. ISd. Note 2.

«1*

316 K-Eoetschan:

Opinions should be given priority over style'); but the question is attractive enough to make me quell such concerns. Of course, I don't see my destiny as one at all incontestable solution to the puzzle, but only as a verdict look for the same.

As we recently learned from R. von Schneiders Investigations know^), was at the coin in 1506 Hall in Tyrol on behalf of Emperor Max a Mantuan Active artist, Gian Marco Cavalli. The work now which tailors as products of his hand with very valid reasons, namely the testing with the presentation position of Maximilian and his wife Bianca Maria and the associated study, which is among the drawings of the academy is kept in Venice, appear to me with the medal Pfeffinger has such a great similarity in style that I I am also inclined to attribute this to Cavalli. To avoid mis- To prevent interpretations, I would like to emphasize that I am interested in this Don't assume there is a certain similarity in the features Maximilian and Pfeffingers initiated; this circumstance has On the contrary, it reminded me to be doubly careful to carry out a style-critical investigation. My verdict rather, it is based entirely on the great similarity to foresee more general characteristics, such as the artistic cal view of the people depicted, such as despite Use of small means with such an insistent effect, etc. to the observation that here as there certain purely external physical characteristics match. In style-critical discussions

1) Italy. Show coins from the 15th year in the 1st volume of the year Equal. Press. art collection p. 10.

2) “Gian Marco Cavalli in the service of Maximilian the First”* in the 14th vol. of the year d. ksthist. Sign, of the AUerh. Imperial House (Vienna 1893), pp. 187fiF. Here is also the earlier literature number about Gav., to which only the Anfsati from ümb. Rossi .,G. M. e G. Batt. Gav." in Rivista Ital. di Numism. v (1892) p. 481 ff. and those in VI. Vol. (1893) published by the same magazine Note by R. V. Schneider (p. 83 f.) “G. M. Gavalli aUa zecca di Hall in Tirolo” must be added.

The medal on Degenhard Pfeffinger. 317

But roDgen should place even more value on them than It is precisely because of their dry objectivity that they become overgrown subjective views and feelings back in time - able to push. So let's observe how the teston works Pfeffinger's medal^) showed a very similar skill in the characteristic reproduction of substances (cf. the Hats), a very similar treatment of the hair that at Our medal was made even more carefully by the Giseliernng seems like the Teston and the hair treatment too the bust of Mantegna attributed to Gavalli), he says we know the same trick, through a small fold on the Ends of the lips give the mouth a lively and eloquent one To give expression, we can finally give it the same angular expression and sharply carved transition from head to neck determine and the somewhat softened one from the neck to the chest, so- like the same one, certainly not graceful, but very characteristic Drawing of the neck using a strikingly straight line running line. And if we differentiate the Bach letters compare with others, the inscriptions also confirm this kinship. R. von Schneider presumably has the Gavalli - I believe with Becht - some medals were awarded'), of which I like the one on Spagnoli') and the one on Maddalena from Mantua *) became known. I would like to see her too To substantiate my claim: in the treatment of the relief, especially in the lower boundary line of the Bust seems to me to have a clear connection with the Me- daille to insist on Pfefünger.

1) Man Daily dam plate XIH in the cited volume of the year, or, if this is not accessible, plate H in the 3rd vol. of the IUt. It as well as the re- Given the drawing on p. 101 of the same magazine.

2) Dain Boden's essay in the 10th volume (1889) of the year of the KgL Prussia. Kstslgn. p. 211 ff. with ill.

3) a. a. 0. P. 193. Note 2.

4) Armand IX. 101. 14th illustration in Bode a. a. 0.

5) Armand I.T. 101. 12th illustration in the Tresor de Num. (M6d. en Italie) II.

xxm. 6.

318 K. Koetschau:

Maximilian attached great importance to the fact that... Art of the Mantuan lived his life in Hall for a while good came. Should Pfeffinger, whose penchant for coins were certainly not unknown to the emperor, who was very well disposed towards him. noticed that he had not stayed with Cavalli during his stay. Have you contacted us in Hall? So it shouldn't The medal, for example, comes from this year, should not be one Visit Ffeffinger in Hall, who is different from his Bavarians Possessions were made easy by their external causes have been? In any case, it's not impossible. Otherwise it would have to one can just assume that, as we will see, there is a lot Pfeffinger, traveling around Mantua, himself told the artist The order was given, which brings us back to Beierlein's assumption. would come back.

I have introduced the reader to Pfeffinger's life to do. A summary presentation of this is doesn't stand. It won't be easy to write either, because the material is very scattered and often only in places must be looked for where one would not initially suspect it. What I give, want and can only make a contribution to Pfeff's biography. fingers that would be very worthwhile to write: the extremely interesting position that this man holds among the the most significant phenomena of the Age of Information, would be the most hidden driving force behind many important things historical event can be recognized. Of course we have to for For this purpose, the archives are being examined even more diligently than before. to be sought; in particular the Weimar Oesamtarchiv provide a rich yield. Because there is no need to collect This material contains printed documentary material mainly on. It is probably also profitable richer than the source that was initially thought of as the am the richest flowing people are inclined to look at, namely the ones already mentioned family chronicle, whose reference to Degenhard Pfeffinger Interesting content about the history of Upper Bavaria Much deserved E. Geiss has already been published in part

The medal »on Degenhard Pfeffinger. 319

is'). But Pfeffinger's relationships with Bavaria are wide less interesting than the rest of him.

Degenhard came from an ancient family that... contemporary writer, Franciscas Irenicus, to the Mid-12th century zai-fickführung'). On February 3, 1471 He was born as the son of Gentiflor Pfeffinger and his wife Magdalena Huberin von Wildenheim zu Salmanskirchen *) bore'). He had an older brother, Bernhard but died in 1482, and two sisters, of whom Ursula, the abbess of the Frauenchiemsee monastery, him by 9 years survived while Regina, abbess of a Salzburg monastery, had already died in 1516^). At the death of Gentiflor in In 1503, Degenhard was the only male descendant not to inherit only the dignity of the hereditary marshal, but also the very pregnant 6&ter, to which as maternal inheritance still Wildenheim was added. So he saw himself as the master of a rich man property that he continually improves and enlarges sought*). Particularly fortunate circumstances brought new growth of goods: in 1507 Frederick the Wise gave him the castle Forest Saxony near Coburg, and the will shows that that he had a house in Torgau at the mercy of the same prince *

1) Man Daily beaonders £. GeisB, Oeseh. of Henheim Castle mid of its residents. Vol. VII of the Upper Bavaria. ArchiTS. Aneh as a separate Abdrack shoot.

2) Gennaalae eiegeseos Tohmiina dnodeciiii, 3rd book, cap. 111, fol. 100. This first edition was published in 1578; in a later, more easily accessible one John Adam Bernhard took care of it in 1728, the tax is on p. 164. Irenicns notes, that he loves the highly honored Degenhard in his family cite works.

3) So now instead of the former SalbamkircheB. It lies near Ampfing.

4) Unless another citation is given, this is the family chronicle Source.

5) For this, see the Chronicon sive aanales Oeorgii Spalatini in Menckenin's, scriptores rerum Oermanicarum (Leipiig 1728), 2nd part, Col. 592.

6) The most important thing is the purchase of Zaagberg Castle in 1514. Yergl. Geiss a.a.O.

320 ^* Eoetschan:

had to thank. I have these ownership relationships in the past The context is discussed in order to describe it in the following not to have to complain and to show that he cares Luck also gave him the material resources become, as Spalatin once praised him as, a Maecenas optimus 0.

After De'genhard became steward of Georg's wife of the chalice, the Duchess Hedwig of Burghausen, his services he moved in 1493, when he was “big and well- been sent^, with Sigmund von Laymingen from his Fatherland, to follow the journey of Frederick the Wise to join Palestine ^). From this point onwards leave determine the relationships with the elector, how one can probably be concluded from Hundt's calculation book), A certain degree of confidentiality was already achieved back then had. Even in the further course of its development, this to have suffered from no clouding. A deeper one They allow us to gain insight into its character numerous letter passages and especially those from Spalatin, the Pfeffinger's most trusted friends^), messages left*).

Already the award of Waldsachsen and the donation

1) YgL the Annals of Menckenias a. a. 0. Col. 596.

2) About this journey see Röhricht, German Pilgrimages the salvation. Lande (Gotha 1889), 8. 187 ff., where the earlier literature number from is constantly approaching. — The chronicle mentions that Degenhard is in Jerusalem been beaten to bitterness. He got numerous saints from the trip tures - like the Elector - brought with him to his homeland.

3) Printed in the “Neues Archiv f. Sächs. Gesch. n. Altertumsk.^ lY. (1883), 8. 48, 56, 58 n. 62.

4) The Duke. Museum in Gotha has what is noted in this 8th part may be a soapstone medallion with the portrait of Spalatin to the right. Diameter: 78 mm. Transcription: ANNO • DOMINI • 1518 • GE0RGIV8 - 8PALA- TINYS. German, perhaps Augsburg (?J work. Painting still German- clearly recognizable. So far I have not come across any medals that... This template is due to I hope to provide more information about it to be able to.

5) YgL G. Spalatins. Estate and letters. Edited by Neudecker and bouncer. I. (Jena 1851) pp. 25, 38, 50, 51, 54, 88, 90, 127, 151, 160, 161.

The medal on Degenhard Pfeffinger. 321

of the house in Torgau prove" that Elector Friedrich his Chamberlain^) wanted to be as close to him as possible. Needed soon he made his request in money matters, to take care of them the economical Pfeffinger was particularly suitable seems to be, he soon attracted him to take part in the desire business, and when Luther's appearance the religious disputes questions came to the forefront of all interests, Fried- The wise man does not take a position on them without also peffingers view to have heard. Then we encounter it again Saxon chamberlains often at the emperor's court. So he- he seems z. B. there at Maximilian's express request in 1517 to assist his prince in the election matter represented'). Since the relations between the emperor and "The Elector back then" weren't the best, you have to Pfeffinger's not insignificant diplomatic skills have trusted. In any case, it was to the satisfaction of both of them Parts active - he spoke to the Elector, to Maximilian to enter into plans - because the following year he will be in the sent back to the emperor on the same matter.

Even in literary matters, Fried- rich with the help of the much useful man, who e.g. b. on his behalf to obtain books, which the wished to get to know Prince and had to make an effort on many occasions '). His good relationships with many of the Hu- manists^) have particularly come in handy. Numerous Statements, especially in Spalatin's correspondence and in that

1) Unfortunately, I have not determined when PfefiOnger received this title. can put.

2) Klnckhohn, German Confession Acts under Emperor Karl Y. I. pp. 16-18, 67-71, 97, 121-123.

3) See the Nendecker estate, p. 44, then the collected ones V^erke Aventins (Edition of the Bavarian Academy, Munich 1881). I. p. 684f.

4) There are, as is particularly evident from Neudecker's estate, goes, among other things. called: Joh. Lange, Burk. Schenk, Alb. de Meck, Mucianus ruftis, Ulrich Finder, but especially Scheurl.

5) Neudecker's estate, sheets 5, 22, 26, 44, 49, 50, 51, 56» 64, 66, 67, 78, 88, 115.

32S K. KoetBchftu:

Scheurls'); prove how respected Pfefflinger is in these taught circles was. Certainly one becomes one with the praise Humanists, since people used decorative epithets back then Superlatives were always a bit cautious have to judge. But in this case you can hear it It's clear from the phrase that it's with the letter writers their appreciation was serious. If only you had his influential position and not also valued his character, This view would certainly be expressed in confidential letters have expressed. But not even after Pfeffinger's death a reprimanding voice is heard. So like Spalatins Verdict on his deceased friend that he was a piorum, eruditorum, pauperum et sacrorum Patronus et Moecenas op- timns'), which coincides with all those who had been in closer relationships with him.

My description contradicts one thing, Of course, a particularly serious contemporary judgment that of Luther'). But I believe this contradiction is resolved, even without violating the reformer's view If you look at Pfeffinger's position on the matter, you need to do something about it He was obviously preoccupied with religious questions take great care of them. Because otherwise Miltitz would perish, when he returned to Germany in 1518, hardly any of the Beisestrasse to Pfeffinger's somewhat remote Bavarian residential seat turned away from him about Luther and to be informed about the mood in Germany^). Pfeffinger, who, like so many of his contemporaries, had the necessary

1) Christian. SchearlB Briefbach, ed. Ton F. Yon Soden n. Knaake (Potsdam 1867> L 8. 10, 1051, 141; O. 13, 31, 35, 64, 69, 71 f., 74 » 78, 81 f., 89, 93, 97.

2) See Menckenias a. a. 0. Col. 596.

3) The letters of Luther that come into consideration here can be found in the Aasgabe Yon de Wette, I. S. 24f., 43, 77, 104f., 131, 135, 283.

4) YgL Seidemann, Karl Yon Miltitz. Dresden 1844. 8. 6f. Furthermore Kolde, Martin Lather (Gotha 1884), I. 8. 185f. A letter from Yon M. to Pf. printed in Tentsera histor. Report, ed. by Gypriän (Leipiig 1717) I. p. 380f.

The medal on Degenhard Pfeffioger. 323

Recognized the effectiveness of reforms, Hofift still hoped that one Reconciliation between the Pope and Luther comes about could. And this feeling that mediation would help most likely did not leave him until his death. A devout Catholic, Pfeffinger died while still in his last will, in accordance with the teachings of the church “to share in good work^ ^).But that’s why It seems very questionable to me whether Pope Leo X and his... Chancellor Giulio de Medici, who wrote to him his influential mediation with the elector was in his favour the Curia^), have achieved something with him'). Because otherwise Frederick would not be given his chamberlain soon afterwards wrote ^) that he promoted Luther's cause to the emperor Should operate in accordance with its demands, it would too a friendship as intimate as that between Pfeffinger and Spalatin with a policy pursued in the spirit of the Curia the former cannot be explained. But Luther likes it The elector's advisors were not trusted and so formed A certain antipathy emerged, which was expressed by some external circumstances were certainly increased. Luther held Pfeffinger ftlr stingy. He attributed it to him that Melanchthon was paid so meagerly that he himself received one from the Elector I haven't received the promised cap yet. And when he Reminding him of a dress that had been promised to him, he writes: “like this the Pfeffinger is supposed to do that, so that he can do it with the deed and nit extend with friendly promise; he can almost say good words spinning, but it doesn't make good cloth. "^ Whether this accusation

1) So in the will aa the place where the legacies for the 85 saints Brotherhoods to which Pf. belonged should be mentioned. See daxn Kolde, Friedrich the VTeise pp. 15 and 74 f.

2) See Tentzel a. a. 0. II. 8. SOfT. n. p. 84f.

8) See Kolde, Friedrich der Weise, 8. 18, for whom this is not impossible seems to have been su.

4) The Elector's letter, which I found in the Jenens edition of the I looked up Luther's writings, pp. 184-135, is from Elisabeth's Day, so Tom November 19th, 1518, while the Pope's letter on October 24th, that of the Chancellor was written on October 11, 1518.

324 H. Koe tschau: The medal aaf Degenhard Pfeffinger.

the avarice was justified, or rather a forgetfulness I don't want to decide if Pfeffinger's decision was made. But I didn't find any further evidence of Pfeffinger's stinginess^). In 1519 Pfeffinger accompanied his master in the Election matter to Frankfurt. An epidemic that was broken, he fell victim on July 3rd *). He died with him Gender, as his marriage to Ehrentraut von Seiboltsdorf remained childless. In the Barfüsserkirche he was set^); whether his will provisions, the body to be transferred to Salmanskirchen, were later followed, I can't say. But it became a grave monument for him there in 1524 by his cousin and heir, Hans Jordan Herz- heimer, built. Also the Wittenberg collegiate church Pfeffinger, who had done many good deeds, became his Honor decorated with an epitaph^). He became sincere Those who have gone home are mourned by many, but most of all from his princely master, who complained to Spalatin with the words: “Oh, the good Pfeffinger, a good one I lost a loyal, pious and good servant to him!^*)

Addendum. After I completed my manuscript I found out through the kindness of the court councilor Dr. J. Erbstein, which is in the Erbsteius private collection A copy of the medal that matches the Gotha one Pfeffinger is located. Karl Koetschau.

1) From Pfeif, it is said elsewhere - etc. KlackboliB 9^ a. Oh, 8. 69 — that he is “of little notice and retention”^.

2) Seckendorf, de Lutheranismo (Leipzig 1694), p. 67, does provide the dissatisfaction of the rural communities because of taxes with Pfeffinger's stinginess, in relation, but the place gives the impression that it is constructed on the basis of Luther's comments

3) Kluckhohn, a. a. 0.8.860.

4) See Spalatin's estate p. 160 f.

5) Mentz, syntagma epitaphiorum (Magdeburg 1604), L 8. 63 and Faber, Kurtz summarized historical message from the castle and academy Stiffts Church of Aller-HeiUgen in Wittenberg (Wittenberg 17 IT), 8. 154.

6) 8. Note 4.

Eleinere HittMlnngen.

Method, indistinct and even to the point of perfection

invisibility abraded embossing of metallic

To make objects clearly visible again.

In 1891 I occasionally made an electric one Investigation^) Experiments with perfectly flat sanded surfaces and then coins were polished; it was already after one until a few minutes the previously completely invisible embossing again sharp and clearly visible.

Because this method of numismatics is occasionally useful can be, it is shared here. It is extremely simple.

You place the polished coin in a solution of copper vitriol or of another metal salt and hangs then the two electrodes of a galvanic element or several or another direct current on opposite placed sides of the coin in the liquid; if the Current is weak, this happens near the coin and in a small bowl. The stronger the current, the faster it occurs the embossing emerges again. On one of the electrodes (the The half facing the anode) is metallic; on the On the other half, it becomes less after you lightly wipe it off Adhering part of the oxide visible as a gray line. This one Lining can be done after the coin has dried

1) See: The “morphological polarization” of eggs and embryos through the electric current, as well as the effect of the electric stream towards the first part of the egg. Seating area the Kais. Acad. d. Know. zn Vienna 1891, math.-natorw. Classe Vol. 101. Abth. 3. and: W. Boux: Collected Treatises on Developmental Mechanics, 1895 Vol. II, 8. 696.

326 Smaller Communications.

Fix the painting with an alcoholic shellac solution. If embossing is to be visible on both sides, this is the case Place the coin on a non-metallic stand with four upwards pointed little feet. The bigger the coin is^ the higher the excess or also the liquid below ness layer (approximately the height of the radius of the coin).

It probably has an advantage for the purpose mentioned train that touches an electrode directly to the metal To put a coin on: the electrode that comes up when you insert it immerse in the solution covered with metal (the so-called cathode). Places that should not be fogged are cleaned beforehand fiber-coated with varnish.

The surprisingly good result is based on the better electrical conductivity of the compressed during embossing th metal; therefore an attempt is made with sanded ones Engravings hardly produce a usable result.

Hall a. S. Prof. Dr. Wilh. Roux.

Fake Greek coins.

Being deceived by counterfeit coins is quite a lich general fate, not only in earlier, uncritical ones times. Eckhel himself has this in his “Numi anecdoti”. false silver piece with the head of Bacchus from Naxus Siciliae and the Owl of Taranto have been published in many museums from the well-crafted false gold coins of the Amyn let tas be deceived, etc. That I also follow the common same fate of so many, and not the worst specialists I didn't miss it, so everyone will probably be cheap Don't judge thinking people too harshly. — The one I publish cirte ASrmenaos (Z. f. N. XVIII p. 194) is like this already Mr. Director Svoronos in Athens realized that he was wrong, Like me, I have never seen such a stylish fake has occurred. The falsehood is proven by the for the embossing a little too old looking quadratum incusum,

Smaller Mittfaeiloiigeii. 327

which results from the same stamp on a clearly false, from bad modern stamp of the VJ. embossed tetra drachmon from Terone in London finds the forgery of ASrmenaos is not entirely modern: there is a sulfur cast among the sulfur deposits in our collection; in color and appearance he resembles that of Friedlaender i. J. 1845 Antonio Odelli bought sulfur deposits in Bom, which are easy must be distinguished from Mionnet's and others. So The coin must have already existed in 1845. But where did it come from? the forger who, as philologists unanimously explain to me, completely correctly and correctly educated, if not otherwise occurring peculiar name AEPMHNAOZ from aif^ and f«f V, similar to the Macedonian AEPOTTOZ, from ai^q and oqdmy so eight Macedonian name formation in Macedonian Guys!? Here lies what the exquisitely crafted Vf Asrmenaos leads me to suspect almost certainly, but a lost one eighth original? —

One of the most dangerous and best counterfeits is one Number of rare Bactrian royal coins in silver and copper, those of Indians in Bawal-Pindi (in addition to good and authentic pieces) be offered. Unfortunately I have some of the same ones for eight held and in some cases even published. The silver coins are very good, based on London photographs or prints, the weight is always completely correct. The copper coins belong e.g. Th. to the most excellent that the art of forgery has ever seen achieved, in many cases it is completely impossible for me to be sure Judgment whether eight, whether wrong, to be made. Definitely wrong I now have the following pieces: Tetradrachms of the reduced foot VOD Archebius, Rf. Name of Philoxenus \ j ^ yt Diomedes I ^^ ^^j

Strato I " - ,

etc. ^ ^*'' **

also: Strato M D

Agathoclea M D

Archebius with Eleptianten M D (rougher than the others).

328 Smaller Communications.

Except for these e.g. Th. very fine, extremely dangerous forgeries

There are also less good ones, e.g. Th. quite raw, which too

come from Bawal-Pindi and the inscriptions are incorrect and

barbarized, such as the Tetradrachmon of Agathocles

Alexander. Heracles - head and AAEEANAPOY TOY *IAinnOY;

also the famous London Unicum, the Decadrachmon

Zeus standing and the Indian sitting on the elephant,

Pursued by the Greek rider, the Indians followed suit

and pronounced.

A.V.S.

Mfinz finds in Baden, Switzerland.

Not a year goes by without major coin discoveries made in Switzerland; so the winter of 1891/92 brought the find from Pfyn'), the year 1893 the coin pots from Etz- wylen and von Diessenhofen *), 1895 the pot from Schwerzen- bach'), and in between came the excavations at Aventicum, Augusta Baurica and Aquae, each with a lot of coins from the Roman imperial period.

Characteristic of the gourant in Roman Switzerland is a common occurrence in finds from the first imperial period countermarked and half-marked bronze coins; typical of the finds from the end of the III. and the beginning of the IVth year 100th is the mixing of the confession money with Alexandrian niche pot coins. Also the extraordinarily frequent occurrence The characters of Lugdunum and Nemausus come from Swiss Soil may be mentioned here.

At the western end of the city of Baden (Aquae) in Aargau Extensive excavations were carried out in 1893 and 1895. taken, which complicated larger building complexes wall formations; Some wanted barracks there, others due to the presence of military surgical instruments

1) Stückelberg, Revue Suisse de Numismatiqae 1895, p. 273.

2) Josh. Büchi, minutes of the Thurg collection. are club 1892.

3) Stficckelberg a. a. 0. p. 274.

Smaller details. 329

recognize lazarethe. This building complex was built in 1893 by the undersigned 66^), 1895 by Messrs. Meyer and Eellersberger unearthed 158 coins. Both finds gave by the greeting at the end of the second year Hundreds of degrees, the result that the appearance ?or the year 200 must have been abandoned. The sparse ones Coins from later times belong to the Eulture layer and are distributed with one piece each on the m., the XV. and the XVII. century

The following overview may provide a picture of these two coins give finds.

1893 1895

Sequani (Potin) 1 —

Roman Republic (Bronze) 1 (Bronze) 1

Augustus « 6, 28 + lÄ

Agrippa « 1 « 5

Tiberius, 1 “11 + lÄ

Livia — ff 1

Nero Drusus — « 1

Germanicus — « 2

Nero Caesar and Drusus Caesar

(Sons of Germanicus) .... — ^ 1

Caligula - ,i 5

Claudius » 5, 6

Nero « *x» 5

Galba — « 1

Vespasianus « 8 “ 7 + *-*

Titus « 3, 1

Domitianus « 8 “ 7 + 1 st

Nerva ^ 3 “ 2

Traianus » 4 —

Hadrianus » 2, 3

Pins ff 1-flÄ —

4) This one, in the Anseiger f. swell. Antiquity 1893, pp. 268-269.

ZeitMbrift for Namumatik. JJL22

330 smaller communications.

1893 1895

Faustina I (Bronze) 1 (Bronze) 1

Marens Aurelius “ 1 —

Lucius Verus — “1

Grispina — “1

Severus IM —

Halved pieces 6 20

The first excavation yielded 2 sieves, the second 7 pieces of silver (denarii), the rest consisted mainly of Medium bronzes, mixed in with a few large and small bronzes. Many of them are so heavily patinated or have been damaged by fire. suffered so much that a determination was impossible.

Zurich. E.A. Stückelberg.

Literature.

A. Lad6, Le tr^sor du Pas-de-TEchelle. Oenf, publisher the Swiss numismatic society. 1895. On August 11, 1895, on the Salfeve, everyone Visitors to Geneva's famous mountains, in a natural, “Grotto of the Faux-monnayeurs ^ called cave a very large number - on- Probably 1000 to 1200, 800 to 900 denarii are preserved Found in the 11th century. The main mass consists of pennies of Bishop Frederick of Geneva with FRIDERIGS or FR6D6BICS EPS around a cross, Rf. GENEVA Gl VIT AS around a Carolingian sche church building and an anonymous piece with SGS PETBVS around the head of the saint, Rf. the previous inscription around a cross accompanied by four balls, both in numerous Varieties and feralizations. To these already known Stttcken comes with a third, new one in around 20 copies SCS MAVRIGIVS instead of the SGS PETBVS, in which the sales fasser sees an imitation of the impression of Vienne. This Luxuriously furnished book forms on no less than 22 Tables 248 of these coins and devotes 129 pages to them Text Although the importance of this find for Geneva There is no mistaking the history of coinage, but you will understand it Mr. Author in his, on the weight, the salary and the stamp cut of the individual pieces cannot always follow: we know from countless examples how great differences there are in all these relationships pennies from even a short coinage are regularly exhibit moderate. F. Friedensburg.

22*

332 Literature.

Emil Bahrfeldt, The Coinage of the Mark Branden- castle under the Hohenzollerns to the Great Kur- princes from 1415 to 1640. Berlin, published by W. H. Cool. 1895. With 25 coin tablets. VI and 571 pages. As one often hears, collecting and codifying is supposed to be a sign be of decline. If anywhere, this is the case at least not for coin science: its first The task is to collect and record what has been collected, and only on the basis of the most complete material possible she can pursue and achieve her higher goals. It is So not a wistful one, but a joyful and grateful one Bare feeling with which we greet this work, especially since it is the continuation of the most famous work by the same author about the Brandenburg Middle Ages coins forms. The praise that the author has with that first parts for hard work and care in bringing them together of the material, skill in presentation, caution in handling deserved judgment, can't be denied him this time either. will hold, and, even if H. D. back then in his meeting ung (Vol. 17, p. 102 current) the processing of the later coins as described the by far easier part of the work, so it also has its own difficulties, significant enough to give the writer the opportunity to develop his knowledge and ability to give.

This time too, the material is available despite the restriction to the purely Brandenburg coins - so the hunters are missing* villagers Joachim Friedrichs and the Prussians since Johann Sigis« mouth - an extremely rich one: there are no fewer for the reader presented as 811 different coins. Unfortunately we can Prussians cannot boast of having them in a public collection united to see how this is happening in London and Paris with the This is probably the case with local coins: you haven't yet decided once you can decide, the little known but very rich Collection of the Royal Mint with that of the Coin Cabinet unite, thereby bringing its Brandenburg-Prussian ranks with them

Literature number 333

a type of Yollstaadness would be brought close. In addition to these two collections, the cabinets in particular have to Vienna, Dresden and Petersburg, where the incomparable There is a rich collection, as well as numerous smaller ones public and private collections for this impressive series contributed. All of these coins are on 25 by Albert Frisch: The boards made in Berlin are cleanly and reliably depicted, namely the pfennigs and groschen up to the year 1521 Drawings by the experienced hand of Miss Buchholtz, everything else in collotype after casts of the original pieces. That this latter type of rendering leaves something to be desired if the piece to be depicted was in poor condition, must be included in the purchase, it stays forever the newer coins are the best.

In accordance with the current demands of our knowledge The documents received the same consideration like the coins, and so we get a handsome TJr- knndenbuch of 112, mostly still unprinted numbers, unprinted calculates the archival materials processed into the text. The exit The prey here is surprisingly plentiful, and it almost takes It's a wonder that these sources received so little attention in the past has given, from which ftlr a number of the most important Questions — individual examples will be mentioned later — Clarification results. Most of the pieces come from the Oe* house state archives, some are provincial and municipal Taken from the archives, many important documents are finally in Dresden and Weimar kept. We are through this documentary mente put into the stand, the quantity of most coins of the embossed pieces, their prescribed and their real Meal and grain must be specified, and the author has some of that too made the most extensive use and at the same time gave us a unique ongoing oil history of this time.

This book therefore also has a special literary rare interest when it was the first detailed presentation of one larger sequence of newer coins, their literary

334 literature.

treatment must necessarily be different than the medium- ancient series. This is where the most difficult doubts arise especially because of the systematic arrangement of the material. Bahrfeldt has his own according to those of each regent Minted coin types are arranged and differentiated in each of them 80 won departments returned to the individual mints. As a rule, the smallest value is given in advance, pfennig pp., and it is promoted to the higher ones, although the thalers step in front of the half and quarter thalers, at the end this follows Oold. I can't say I like this arrangement as that best possible appearance: it not only tears up the chronological connection in the most sensitive way (a follow-up part, to which an overview is given in the appendix the purpose of fixing it), but also separates so closely together appropriate characteristics, such as the whole and half-piece. I would the arrangement by year with sub-departments Mints and the descending order of values of the stamp seem to be the most useful. You can do the same with the Lord Author about the measure of what must and should be offered to the reader. It's hard, after all the reproduction of stamp differences - regarding them By the way, the system of lines used here is similar to me- seems worthy of recognition - to draw a limit: but, if from a Prenzlauer Vierchen (No. 26) 72, from a Brandenburger Groschen (No. 33) 44 varieties are listed, this affects If nothing else, this at least affects the handiness of the book. The same applies to the communications in which collections, individual important pieces are presented one after the other have found, also about the family relationships of the Münzer (e.g. p. 315). So valuable is this and similar information Sometimes it may be and as much as I like the hard work and the I think I fully recognize the effort that goes into it more concise notation, a limitation in the reception of Varieties and reference to incidental information the line would have only benefited the book. Perhaps

Literature. 335

the author decides to include an excerpt from his Work, a handbook of Brandenburg coinage yerorganizations: a convenient reference book of this kind would be be useful in all cases where it is not necessary Codex of knowledge to browse.

I would like to add a small number of details- I would like to highlight some of the things that came across to me while reading the book. I expressly object to this being given to me It is incumbent upon us to provide a complete list of all weak ones here to give passages of the book and in all questions of doubt To disabuse Mr. Author. That would be one unreasonable imposition: that is the purpose of this meeting essential to draw the attention of specialists to the book do. Some of what appears here as a certain result may seem doubtful to this or that reader, new discoveries Covers may expand and correct our knowledge - The rapporteur has done enough when he speaks broadly shows how the author approached his task and what can be learned from the works displayed.

That the passage listed on page 4 of the document from 1423 precisely with necessity on the municipal mint in Frank- I can't admit that it would have to be related to ford P. 6 the Rathmanne (in Brandenburg) are in charge of supervision entrusted with the sovereign's mint. By the way, it takes in view of the document cited last, according to which the electoral mint master struck pfennigs for Brandenburg is said to be “laten as those of Berlin and Frankenforde”, It's a wonder that the author, under Friedrich L, only did that Vinkenauge with helmet first identified by Dannenberg and Adler performs. I consider the possibility of that already under the first Hohenzollems embossed the helmet and eagle pennies has begun, is still not ruled out, like Bahrfeldt himself on pages 11 and 20 admits. As far as Lagow's discovery in particular is concerned, so Its content does not force us, as Bahrfeldt correctly says on p. 28

336 reference number

noticed to place it after 1440, but the ones found numerous Silesians from the 1920s make it likely that he will come before rather than after was buried this year. It also speaks against it all numismatic probability that the new princely House did not announce its accession to government through other coins should have immortalized monuments. On this occasion, like The documentary evidence shown on page 28 is also important It should be emphasized that the helmet pennies are Frankfurt The origins are: however, one could with regard to the Frankfurt Eipperpfennige on it even without these documents not well doubt; it is a statement of experience that the Mints of the E^ipper period preferred their medieval operate regular coin markers.

Regarding the Vinkenaugen, I can thank the author don't completely agree. It seems completely impossible to me that the same word in Pomerania, Mecklenburg and Brandenburg, double-sided, but in Lower Lusatia they mean hollow pennies could. Incidentally, I also believe that in the finds of 15th century in the style of Teschenbusch, Klötzin, Zezenow, Küstrin reveal even more Brandenburg characteristics. are as Bahrfeldt's No. 1 and those shown on p. 19 pieces. It will still take a lot of effort to get this in place Embossing e.g. Th. Yes, undoubtedly pieces calculated to deceive to get confused. What was still happening in the 15th century ventured into the market with this relationship, show the four little ones No. 27 with the griffin and the griffin-like eagle head, whose access distribution to the Königsberg mint is entirely acceptable to me appears and its appearance, which is not fully interpreted by B. to be resolved at the end with Moneta Ilova Marchionis would like.

As far as the Frankfurt gold guilders are concerned, I have to... Interest of the District Court Councilor Dannenberg the remark on S; 155 admit that the note about his communication at the meeting of the Numismatic Society

Literature. 337

Shaft from June 4th, 1894 is mine and on a miss- based on my understanding. But Mr. Dannenberg assures us even now, the Ooldgulden from 1514 near Weidhas in one to have seen a clear copy. Since I'm currently at I would also like to mention that I am Mr. Dannenberg he in one of the last meetings of the Numismatic Society schaft explained to him at No. 387 attributed false Thaler from 1550 with 62 in the imperial orb never owned have y so that the original of Mr. Bahrfeldt's impression must be located elsewhere.

The author is very happy about the results. research into the history of Crossen coins, from which we Until now, very little was known, as the city was repeatedly destroyed by fire was devastated and lost their old documents has. First, B. convincingly proves that Margrave Johann “von Küstrin*” had his mint here, including his relationship with Duke Friedrich of Liegnitz I, as I would like to point out in all modesty, still do something more merit is due than the proof of the common* seed mint master by first all these, like me I think very interesting negotiations about a planned, published a looted coin aimed at Poland. In Due to their great wealth, the archival materials are also particularly The establishment of the electoral kipper coin is apt Crossing, most interesting, and it is particularly pleasing that through them the stamp of Georg Wilhelm with hisish antlers and Jagdhorn finally got her homeland safely proven, by placing these items in the seal of the Crossener Mint master Reichardt Jäger, as it were, as a speaking coat of arms seem. Regarding this man's fate, I can add that he was released from prison in 1624 because he received a certificate of authentication on July 26th. Letter from Archduke Carl, Bishop of Breslau, issued is, according to which he is in the Glogauian and Sagan Ffirstenthum for the imperial and archducal mint in Neisse

338 literature.

Pagament to buy and Contrebande to confiscate from- was made (Glogau City Archives). His comrade Jacob But Jamnitzer took over the imperial mint in January 1625 in Glogau (ibid. and Breslau State Archives).

The last comment I have to make is perhaps - at the moment I cannot overlook it - the important tigste. According to Mr. Bahrfeldt, under Johann Georg only in Money may have been struck at the Berlin Mint and it is missing with him also for the time of Eonrad Schreck's death (1580 Sept. 8) until the first documented mention of Michael Aschen- brenner (1592) to a mint master. Now get married after one Entry in the marriage register of the Mary Magdalene Oak in Breslau on January 27, 1587 the coat of arms stone cutter Johann Friedrich, “of the honorable Franz Friedrich of Frankfurt a. 0., transl. Elector of Brandenburg, the mint master behind abandoned son^ (Schultz in vol. 13 p. 50 of the Ztschr.). Even if This entry does not prove that there was one under Johann Georg Frankfurt coin passed, since Frederick after his He moved there after leaving the electoral service can, it certainly refutes B.'s assumption that ash brenner immediately followed shock, and teaches us one thing in B. missing, probably not yet taken into account, branding know the Burgundian mint master.

This marks the departure from Bahrfeldt's book. Exceeds the scope of this discussion is the usual measure this not only with the importance of the object, but also also justified by the joy of the work itself. That's why May the wish be linked to Bahrfeldt's final words here be that he himself gave his appointed pen to the continuation of the Corpus nummorum brandenburgicorum may be dedicated.

F. Friedensburg.

Literature. 339

HaDS Hildebrand: Sveriges mynt under medeltiden. Stockholm 1887. 160 pp. gr. 8, with 481 text illustrations. Price 5 crowns. (Reprinted from: ür Sveriges medeltid.)

Of the Scandinavian empires, it has the least important Norway so far in numismatic terms best met, insofar as its coinage according to Holmboe has yet found a complete adaptation through Schive; that Brotherhood Sweden, on the other hand, as well as Denmark, were in the residue remained. For Denmark, Hanberg has recently However, the coinage of the period from 1241 to 1481 in more detail discussed in a manner, but there is still a lack of a similar exhaustive the work for the previous one was so very interesting Period 9 for which we deal with the so imperfect older ones Aids of the Beskrifvelse öfver danske mynter and the However, Thomsen's coin catalog is quite useful have to be content. But regarding Sweden we had to... still with the old burner and some coin catalogs break through. Mr Reichsantiquary finally has this problem Hildebrand was extremely hard-working and concerned through the Yorgede teaching work remedied. We still have regrets Germans only that they are in a place that is so little known to us written in language, but can be achieved with some effort it, even without a dictionary and language theory, only under Using Low German and English, pretty much in to gain understanding. Due to such a very dare to undertake a laborious and somewhat hampered inspection I now, about the Swedish coinage in the Middle Ages to give the following account.

The first attempts at Swedish influence seem to be there to fall back into the pagan period, into the 10th century, little- At least some coins were found near Björkö in Sweden, which the Dttrstädter Karl d. Gr. have as a pattern, and not

340 literature.

are of the type that Hauberg has lately^) with compelling reasons for Denmark men has; Some of them have a ship on the Rf and various With this image, others also bind in place of the name Garolus: two birds and a deer, but the deer finds it on another such march, which took place on the Hitler Youth. a face of vom shows. By the denarius with a deer and a ship (No. 347) could perhaps be referred to the strange one Penny Knuts d. Gr. from the Lübeck finds, which are on the Rf. has a very similar deer with a head above it (Plate m 4 Vol. IV current). Full clarity only begins with Olaf Skotkonung, who after accepting Christianity (1008). strong coinage will occur Hess. His coins, heavy Pennies with an average weight of 2.135 gr., 4 to 1 Örtug going, are, in imitation of the Anglo-Saxon of Ethelred, Minted in Sigtuna, some refer to it as rez Svevorum and bear the names of the mint masters Godwine, Leofman (Leman) Snelling, Thregr and Ulfkel, or instead the well-known one Saying in nominal Dni mg (amen?). On a Sigtuna penny with REX ANDOr the Mr. Author before, the A for the V of Runic alphabets, i.e. VN, as much as the Anglo-Saxon on and cor for DOT, and this ONCOT on Olaf's Reign about Gothland. But isn't that the old interpretation? rex Anglorum preferable? Two pfennigs (from the local K. Mfinzkab.) with 1) + OFAFA REX AN[3)r Ä/ + LEOF NA-N-M-AN and 2) + OrAFA REX ANCOF Ä/ TEN • AN MOTANC let me believe that; I would also like, in keeping with this, on the RF. monetarius Anglicus read, Leofman (Leman) was an Anglo-Saxon. The oldest Danish coin by Svend Tveskäg is very similar with Z. AEN REX AD DEICH RJ. CODPINE MAN DI£P (G.monetarius Danorum). The Adelheidspfennig may also be used very small ITAL under the royal name (Dbg. 1168) for confirmation; since these letters are not read with Italorum

1) In the Gongres intemat de numismatique, Broxelles 1891 p. 409.

Literature number 341

can be contacted with the rex of the transcription, like me in WeyFs Berl. coin sheet. Executed on pages 1643 and 1814 you might like the Italian mint master go; But it's probably better not to explain them.') Also noteworthy is an impression from Olaf's time without a head and the name of the king, with a cross on each one Side, namely on one Snellinc mo Si around a double line Cross with crux in the corners, but on the other (regressive) ZCELI6 MONESA ON around a small cross, which is Mr. Author Scelling moneta on reads and on the coin denomination Skilling interprets; But shouldn't the mint master here also name Snelling meant and the coin was named by Yerwen- Did the stamps on two backs come about? Of those, of course, the one with the short cross is no longer important to us is preserved. Olaf's son Anund-Jakob has us despite his long reign (1022-1051) only a few and rare Leaving behind coins that, thanks to their light weight, are... 1.19 gr. indicate a value of 8 pfennigs and just* if English patterns, partly from Ethelred, partly from Knut, are imitated; They also name Sigtuna as their mint. But whether No. 355 is rightly attributed to him? you can but the inscription around the helmet head is as good for Knut as for Annnd, whose name does not contain a T, and the Rf. with BORMOB ON-SH is exactly the same as that of the CNVT KEX SP No. 358, which is as enigmatic as history of the then Swedes taking possession of it King knows nothing, only in Scania (Lund), which was one at that time part of Denmark, he has, in fact, richly lich, in seven main types, minted as the mint master of Anund are üastra, Sewine, Thormoth, Vlahi (VPAHI) and Wulf to recognize.

1) Instead of the usual MO for RoonetarioB comes Ethelreds in addition to some other major deviations from the MOT (Hildebrand, mynt, L Aangloe. No. 343).

342 Literature.

Let's ignore Skåne, where the Mfinzhammer is among the Danish kings also continued to be active, so also listens to Anund, the last of the old Upsala family keep coining for a long time. But just as boring as it looks seemed to our previous aids, these three years are hundreds who died between Anund's death and the next two sided written coins of King Albrecht lie, but not because The present text presents us with a series of scriptural bracteates almost all of which were previously unknown. Under Knut, the son of St. Erich (1167-1195), we meet little ones thin fine coins (Yiertelpfennige), partly from Schive due to erroneous reading of the occurrences on two of them- the dubious transcriptions for Norway are claimed taken; they have a star-shaped decoration on one side, on the other a more or less disfigured oak building (No. 433-444); They are joined by others with a broad one Cross on the one hand and a star, a B or P on the other in a triangle, or a cross with letters in the angles (No. 447-458), which has sometimes been mistakenly interpreted as a subscription, while Mr. Rather, they have Ostgothlandic origins. jump, and for the first group Kalmar was used as a mint. muthet. More specifically to refer to this King Knut Eriksson is a bracteate with KffHVTVS REX around one with a sword armed king's head (No. 459), similar to the one found in Lödöse embossed with liEDV and king's head (No. 460). And the exit the course of the XII. or the beginning of the XIII. century other small bracteates, with a striding lion, with lion- head and with a crowned royal head (No. 461-466). Totally His son Erich X. Knutson would then provide security (1208—1216) Bracteates with his head and +IieRICVS R€X or similar, and those of his successor Johann Sverkers- son (1216—1222) with +IOIiÄNNaS or +IOIiÄHHaS R6X and a crown, a star, lion's head, eagle's head, sword between two stars, also with I - to the side of a tower, they are of a larger size than those previously imagined, 18 instead

Liteistor. 343

14 mm, and correspondingly heavier, 0.30 instead of 0.11 - 0.18 gr. Johann's successor Erich XI. Eriksson (1222-1250). covered with bracteates (of 0.25 gr.) which form a crowned head with and without 6RIC R6X, a crown between € — R or € — X, and without writing a crown, a flying bird or a castle show thor (No. 516-525). The exchange is more important his opponent, the Folkunger Knut, who took the throne from 1228 until 1234; He is given bracteates (of 0.25 gr.) with KÄNVTVS and a very crudely drawn head, with similar ones Inscriptions around a crowned head, a coat of arms, a Lions, a lily, a star, a rose, as well as letters with Flag and with tower assigned, a piece found with them with + • Ä • R • V • 8 • 3C • K • and the king's head (No. 51 1), i.e Shaped in (Yestra or Ostra) Aros, the Heimath also seems to be the case to betray the rest. Findmate is also a remarkable worthy bracteate with the name of the larl who died in 1248 Ulf Fase; it shows a hand with the inscription VIiE KRRL (No. 515). .

It now comes with this Erik Eriksson's sister son Waldemar (1250 - 1274) the powerful Folkung family on the throne. These kings are guided by one Bracteates with VKU under a crown (No. 526) other written enclosed loosely with the same coin design, as well as found enjoyed others with inexplicable B, which were formerly associated with the Regent Birger larl gave. Secured for the same Waldemar are other somewhat larger and heavier bracteates, which the letters VAI or blos on his crowned bust Add V (No. 541, 542), Mr. Author other with a similar depiction, but one that degenerates into ever greater barbarism. position (No. 543-553). But here he is preparing Daelie Fund, which is also the No. 546, 547 and 552 delivered 0, a certain difficulty, because if its burial time also because of the first i. J. 1192 came to the bishop's chair

1) Grote'B Mfinsstndien Vol. HI TaL 7 No. 133, 184, 185.

344 Liteistur. ^

Gerhard von Osnabrück and Ludolf von Magdeburg necessary must be scheduled even later than Grote^) thinks, so will it is difficult to decide to continue with the same until Wai- demar's time to descend; but if so, we would have here again one of mine (Dannenberg, German Ms. Vol. n B. 524) when discussing the discovery of Jarocin. The treasures of coins before us, collected over the years, finally, after a certain period of time, with some in the latest The time before burial was added to a significantly young have been propagated. The following government of Magnus Ladulis (1274 - 1290) is with small light, of Schive for Norwegian kept bracteates (of 0.11 gr.) ausx permitted, which are designated by the letters 6 and H (Ol). are (No. 556 — 566); they are found in Skeninge and true- apparently also influenced, because in his will v. J. 1265 King Magnus assigns legacies to the income the mints in Stockholm, Vesteräs, Nyköping, Örebro, Söderköping, Skeninge, Jönköping and Skara. King Birger (1290 - 1319) seems to have returned to minting two-sided coins. to be dressed, they wear a crown on one side, on the other various letters: B, 8, I, L, H and S (No. 597-617) and are probably related to something heavier and larger bracteates (0.29 gr.), which the book have letters 8 and H for embossing, the latter in the form SO, sometimes through inserted dots and other tricks (Visit made similarly (No. 586, 587), and in this respect reminiscent to the similar game on coins by Werner von Trier, Jodocus* and John of Luxembourg and Albert of Hainaut ^). time* Another, somewhat heavier series (0.38 gr.) is related. which also, partly with smooth, partly with radiated bands, sometimes reminiscent of the characteristics of the southern edge of the Baltic Sea Contains letters 9, 8, H, L and S (Nos. 588-596). Under

1) V^eyl, Berl. Coin leaflet 8. 1645. S) a. a. 0.8.251.

Literature. 345

by Magnus Smek (1319 - 1363) of earlier times, with greater confidence than the latter bracteates, also two-sided Coins with lion and crown, weighing 0.35 gr. and 0.52 gr., listed for his later reign, since 1354, other very common ones connect, which instead of the crown three around a letter (K, B, Q, b, L, I, eat, P, H, S, V) or a cross or patriarchal cross, a rose or crowns placed on a tower*) (No. 620-640) and to comrades bracteates of the same weight (0.36 gr.) with book have bars (B, C, U, 0) between two crowns. The two- sided pennies have such similarity to the simultaneous ones Brandenburgers that two of them are in the Stockholm Coin Cabinet were classified under this class from ancient times; they are therefore- according to Teschenbusch (see Vol. VI 128 d. Z.) quite numerous appeared richly beneath the Pomeranian main mass.

But now with the extinction of man, The Folkunger tribe used the silent two-sided pennies always, and as in the XI. Century the English influence, so makes now the German, especially the North German (Wendish) Hansa towns in the Witten (Vierpfennigstücken) asserted, which King Albrecht (of Mecklenburg, 1363—1389) beat Hess; They weigh 1.23-1.28 grams, according to the Scandinavian weight system (1 mark = 8 Öre = 24 Örtug) represented a trade and were probably sold at 8 pfennigs. calculates These örtugs, also documented as hvit penning (albi), are like all the following coins with complete and clear surroundings writings, which they usually mention by naming the king now referred to as moneta Svecie, in one case also Kalmar as a mint (No. 651), while the others are true apparently in Stockholm, and another with a crowned S and Small P next to it, probably according to a document from 1375 were struck in Silfverberg. At the same time there are bracteates (of

1) For the first time these three crowns appear as a coat of arms a seal of King Magnns Ladalis on a document from 1275.

Z«ita«hrift for Nuinkm»dk. IX. 23

346 reference no.

0.3 gr.) with crowned head, crowned K and crowned S (No. 654-665). The mighty Margaretha has none for us The more her great-nephew Erich leaves behind coin monuments (of Pomerania, 1396-1439): Örtugs of Stockholm with 6 on the cross (1-1.18 gr.), from Westeras (1.01-1.12 gr.) and from Subscription (0.9 - 0.94 gr.), these two marked with Ä, also probably also Äbo's sterling (0.79 gr.) with a crown on the Crosses, Rf. Ä (No. 685). The first interregnum 1436-1440, that in its seal the image of the saint. Erich led, will two rare Ortugs with his name and Q on a cross, Rf. the Swedish coat of arms on the cross (No. 686, 687) assigned. King Christopher's (1441 - 1448) coins have the imperial coat of arms on a short cross and on the Rj, which of Stockholm Q or K, from Äbo just the K. From Karl Knutson's twice interrupted government we have Örtugs from Stockholm and Äbo, the oldest probably the same as his predecessors with K, the later ones with the Bonde' see gender Coat of arms of the boat, strange No. 693, where the German Münzer has the German S'^SDIiS from the Latin moneta let follow. King Christian I (1457-1464) only... Stockholm shaped; Q or K on one side and the shield with it The three crowns on the other side form the embossing. coin The long period in which the elder Steen Sture was rich is rich Imperial administrator ruled, and notable for two new rungs: the introduction of ^ örtugs (Fyrkar) and the attachment the years 1478 and 1480, which are probably here as well as on the coarser varieties of the Hanseatic cities do not have the year of minting, but to express that of the coinage order. The stamp has no reference to Sture, but gives the name of salvation. Erich with his head and on the rf, the imperial coat of arms, while the ^ Örtugs are usually denoted with a crown and S are; Of the latter, one worth mentioning is HOßflTÄ STOQÄ IA8 Rf HOnaTÄ STOaii 80 (No. 705). Also in Westeras has a plentiful expression of similar whole and half ortugs took place, whereas in Äbo only a few Ortugs were defeated

Literature. 347

are who instead of salvation. Erich hail. Call Henry (No. 711: SCS HÖiaiCHVS GB Imperial coat of arms, Rf. MOßeTÄ ÄBOSieHS crowned «). King Johann (U97--1501) had also in Westeräs beat whole and half Örtugs, which the Oldenburg shield alone as his family coat of arms or in addition to the imperial coat of arms, only the % Örtug of last- The city shows a crown instead. According to his contract with the Stockholm mint master on December 4th, 1497 Rhenish gold guilders and pfennigs are also minted, but Neither one nor the other of these types of coins is with us came while we were getting Danish gold coins from him own. Svante Sture, of the Empire from 1504 to 1512 ruled, has only minted ^Ortugs and only in Westeräs: SCS eaiaVS ReX crown, Rf. MOßaTÄ TtROSI crowned «, on At the beginning of the inscription there is a label for the Natt family och Dag (No. 721). He was succeeded in the same capacity as Imperial his son Steen Sture the Younger (1512-1520), under which the coinage took on a new form, because except the Örtugs and '^ Örtugs, which we undated from him and with the dates 1512 and 1515, from Stockholm, and the ^^ Ör- tugs that we have from Westeräs and which give us his name In addition to the added German RITT6R, it has heavier ones Pieces introduced: initially thick coins (piedforts) from the stamp the 1512 Örtugs, weighing 33.66 - 35.28 gr., i.e 2 mark pieces (No. 733), but then also larger thaler pieces shaped pieces of 1 mark (15.65 — 18.23 gr.), V^y 2 and 2% mark, in imitation of the Hanseatic mark, which in four different stamps (No. 729-732) on the HJ. the heal. Erich in his coat or without it, and on the RJ. on long cross the imperial coat of arms with ißOIia STOOKIiOIifll ISSIZ show, an object of frequent forgeries to deceive the Collector. The short reign of the Danish Christian II Sweden probably has it with its bad Danish cliffs flooded, but no distinctive Swedish character emerged- brought. Gustav Wasa, after his dethronement, initially

23*

348 literature.

from 1521-1523 as head of the empire, then (1523-1560) as King ruled is his example regarding the coinage followed by low-level cliffs (No. 743), but then has new better coins, Ore (weighing about 3.5 gr.), 1522 and 1523 in Stockholm and Upsala, 1522 in Arboga and 1523, 1524 struck in Abo, which has a number of different stamps entities with the image of salvation. Erich and the imperial coat of arms are provided. A large, 12.90 gr. heavy silver piece with ßVBöRRÄTa • SWGüOQß • R(iks) Rf. ffiOßa ßOVÄ STOQh |5i3 (No.749), probably correct by the author for '^ silver guilders, 16 to the Swedish mark, he- clarifies. Gustav's oldest '^ Ortugs were born in Stockholm in 1522. hit, show Q> in the plans, on the RJ. a crown and call him Gustav Erikson (No. 747). Undated ones now follow Örtugs of Stockholm and Westeräs with the imperial coat of arms, as well as \^ Örtugs with a crown, whereupon a new coin was issued in 1527. order commands the application of years, while certain Remarkably, despite the royal election that has now taken place and Coronation the Ore the old image of the imperial saint along with the retaining the eloquent transcription. The most important innovation but falls in the year 1528: silver guilders (25.82 gr.), also in gold tees occur, and half (of 12.91 gr.) with GOSTAVS D G SVECORVM REX, the king in the cloak, with sword and Imperial orb, between its feet the Vasa shield, i£/. MONET NOVA STOKOL' |628 fourth coat of arms with heart shield, on a long cross (No. 772). And after a few years, In 1534, whole, half and quarter coins were minted. thalem, according to the process of Schlick's Joachimsthaler, about; the first type also shows the king standing, with Sword and imperial orb, next to it 1534, with a similar reverse, on the next type the year is next to the coat of arms shields, whereas the cross and the inscription OMNIS are missing POTESTAS A DEO EST is with added salary details AD 15 LOT. Two other blows are very similar however, the image of the standing king through his bust

Literature. 349

with the added year 15 - 34, and They are joined by the half and four-total thalers of the same year, only that the latter has the half-length portrait from the front show.

Here the description of the imperial coins breaks off nor those defeated in Scania (Lund, later Malmö). to complete the Danish and to the coinage of the island of Goth- to pass over the country. There is already 8,352 about this Vol. XVIII d. Z. reports. But there are still interconnected interesting comments about the invoice in Sweden and foreign coins that have been in circulation, about coinage law, coinage officials and especially about the shot and grain of the coins. This one Investigations cannot be reproduced in a short time, and so on Just note here that they too are almost everywhere else intrusive perception of a constant coin deterioration- Confirmation in such a way that the ratio of the mark is fine to the Mark Pfennige, which was still at 1:2 in King Birger's time is stated, just a few years later, in 1311, to 1: 5, under King Albrecht on 1: 6 or 7 and even 8, in the year 1479 to 1:11 and finally 1509 to 1:13. It is also particularly important for the question of origins of the barbaric coinage in the coin hoards of the Xth and XL century it was emphasized that Mr. Author (p. 130) is inclined to the view that it is from the like in Sweden Some of the Anglo-Saxon coins excavated in Sweden must be self-made, as they are found in the English finds not found in Hesse. Some people are no less mistaken Contributions Correction: No. 501 (+ lOIiÄimflS eagle head) is listed in v. Sanrma's schles. Mz. 1.39 (see Friedensburg p. 153), no. 503 (10 tower) in v. Höfken, Arch. f. Brakt II a. 390, no. 584 in this magazine XV p. 198 '^ No. 548, 549 are in a large public collection among Poles, No. 663 fg. in the Schles Museum. Antiquities under Silesia (see Friedensburg p. 314) and No. 667 is often referred to Görlitz give.

350 literature.

The usability of this paper is determined by 482 excellent illustrations printed in the T^xt increased and leaves us only wishing that it was so versatile in terms of said Mr. Author. May the mood win rich knowledge in one all Swedish medieval coins in works that bring out their completeness, increase. For now we have to look at the present, everything Essential contents are sufficient and are to him for it warmest thanks.

H. Dannenberg.

Alphonse de Witte: Histoire monätaire des comtes de Louvain, Dukes of Brabant and Marquis of the Saint Empire of Romain. Tome II. Bruxelles 1896. 4^ 348 pp. With 32 copper plates.

After we have barely (here Vol. XX, 107) talked about the first volume reported on this important work, the same pleasant thing suits us Duty regarding the second ob. Since the first with Philipp V. St. Pol (1430) has closed, this second and last with his cousin and successor Philip (1430 - 67), who is known by the name of good, although the Bleijetton published by the author because of its inhumane legal proceedings against poor Dinant are not wrong “b§te cruelle^ calls. After Philip at the beginning of his reign, until March 1433, the stamp of his leadership still remains It was not until 1433 that it was minted own name, namely to essentially uniform and equal in all his possessions. To the same hears the gold Ryder (cavalier d'or), of which there is also a special the big showpiece is there with 1434, as we know- from France, Charles VII ordered them to be expelled the English, and two from B6arn. Most famous of his Coins are the double pennies; because they except in Brabant were also defeated in Flanders, Hainaut and Holland, So they were given the name Vierlander by the people

Literature. 351

They were also called Braspenuinck, from bream, i.e. h. eat, revel, presumably because they were paying for one at the time represented lunch in the inn. Except Brussels was too Zevenbergen (with Z as mint mark) and since 1454 Hecheln temporary mint; There is also a monnaie noire (double mite) with Philipp's name and JROßaTK »OVK FKQTK . . W6iS6Üü, which however the Mr. Author has concerns than in that to recognize the defeat of the village of Wesel near Antwerp. Numerous Coin decrees (Ordonnances), accounts of the mint masters and Yalvation tables that grow larger over time Masses swell, are preserved for us and teach us in great detail about the mint activity and the mint policy those times. — From his son's coin history and Charles the Bold's successor (1467-77) is particularly It is worth noting that he first came up with the idea of an international one Coin conference carried out, namely in Bruges in the summer of 1469 one such with his brother-in-law £duai*d lY. from England to has set work, with the success that the coins of theirs brought both countries into a stable relationship with each other were and those of one country accordingly in that other countries should apply. Towards the end of d. J. 1474 was used to replace the coin that had closed shortly before Lions that opened in Antwerp (Müuzzeichen: Hand) and in In the same year here coins with the year, the first such in the Netherlands. The archives bear witness also about Charles's vain efforts to establish a stable relationship to create a connection between gold and silver. A new creation is the double briquet, so named from the fire steel and Sparks from the Golden Fleece donated by his father medals, which are depicted between two lions; one will reminiscent of the well-known medal with his half-length portrait on the back this same medal with the motto: je Tai emprins bien en aviengne shows. — His daughter Maria (1477 — 82) only the Antwerp mint appears to have been used have. Probably due to her marriage with Maximilian von

352 Literature.

Austria refers to a magnificent thaler-shaped piece from 1477 (Madai 3845) with the holy. Virgin among the saints Andreas and Sebastian and the transcription: tota pulcra es amica mea et macula non est in te, which is present in gold and silver is not to be regarded as a coin, a piece whose beauty is Tradition shows that the stamp tailors who have designs for their stamps by painters have drawn. — The coins from her minority Son Philip the Fair (1482-1494), mostly also with his father's name (Maximilianus rex Romanorum pater), are of incomparable diversity and in some cases larger Beauty, especially the grand double (No. 576, Mill. 33) with his bust above the coat of arms and the thaler-sized grands r^aux d'argent (35 Mill., No. 586/7), which is his picture in half figure with the transcriptions: custodiat creator omninm humilem servnm suum, RJ, that tibi in terris virtutem et in coelis gloriam wear, and although referred to in the documents as “deniers de parement”, but are rated with 4V2 Patards. With sayings like that This is marred by uprisings in freedom-loving cities time particularly rich; we find, apart from the conventional sit nomen Domini benedictum and pax Christi maneat semper no- biscum under the previous dukes salvum fac populum tuum (Psalm 27 v. 3), benedic hereditati tuae (Ps. 27 v. 9), benedic anima mea Domino (Psalm 102, 1), per Deo da pauperibus, and under Philip: ama justiciam pacem et defende populum tuum, ireformacio guerre pax est, Deum plus ama quam argentum, amissa hello pax restauret, da pacem Domine in diebus nostris, invocavi Deum adjutorem meum, pax optima rerum, fiat pax in virtute tua. Coin names also appear on these coins before: Simplex (duplex) patard. fabric. i. Bra, denarius simplex nominatus grifonus, simplex grossus. The fight against bad ones foreign coins, which are the subject of so many decrees have, continued even in the time of Philip's coming of age. set, v^riet the Ordnance of. December 8, 1499 teaches, according to which Illustrations of the approved good gold guilders on the doors

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the church, town halls and other public places should be stapled. The mint reopens Maestricht (TRKieaTI Ift VROehOF), which has a star as Character leads. The list of sayings is enriched by initium sapientiae timor Domini (Ps. 110 V. 10), omnis spiritus lands Dominum (Ps. 150, 6), diligite justitiam qui judicatis terram (Wis. Salom. 1, 1), the latter on the Toisons d'or, as well as the in gold and silver that came to us (43 million), Show pieces similar in character from 1504. Also for Philipps Queen Johanna's wife, there are silver reals in Antwerp been beaten. — For Philip's underage son Charles V. appears Emperor Max again as regent. During this period, 1506-15, remain the same mints of Antwerp and Maestricht, theirs very uniform products are archiducnm with moneta Austriae ducum Burg, et Brab. inscribed, some by Billon carry moneta arge', which according to similar Flemish people not argentea, but argentosa. The long time after Charles came of age, 1515-55, is remarkable his zealous striving for ordering the condition of the coins suffered extraordinarily because of someone else's bad money Elimination of the differences in the coins of the various Provinces, which from now on will only be identified by the mint marks of the individual Mfinzhöfe became recognizable and through the introduction the thaler coinage; denicr d'argent appel^ Carolus d'argent the thaler was stated in the relevant ordinance dated February 22nd. mentioned in 1543. In the latter respect it is probably one lapsus calami, if the Mr. Authored by the oldest thalers Attributes to Count Schlick, since Sigismund of Tyrol did In 1484 and 1486 Thaler struck, and apart from many subsequent the but rarer thalers from Lorraine, etc., which are mass- Regular Saxon minting of this type of coin began as early as 1500. Most of Charles's coins from this second period bear the Saying da mihi virtutem contra hostes tuos, some in Antwerp beaten not only his name but also that of his mother Johanna. — His impression is even more uniform than his father's