Zeitschrift für Numismatik, vol. 15 — 1887

The Ribnitz sterling find. 311 139) With scepter. MIA LIKE RIO TIA 2 copies m. MIA WIG MIA TO TR 14, N Aa ANO RIL VO Ba 142) H OLG ND OL VXO I, lea) N hal TOUL AR BIL Naldı 144) ", ir RD NIda LVYN DOI E 145)... R RVG AOR WW GOAL 2... 146) “ A RVG RIT OB MRIA Egg... 147) Without scepter. IA ON LOX DON IW.. 148) “ ii aHa VvVHI Tal VEID Rn 149) u OIT IA LVA DA 1 This piece is one of the worst that's on the AM instead of the name number. 150) Without scepter. IOR NEN NW NN 3 copies 151), " Among other things, OLA OXYA NO Be 192): ® including HOLA CIA MT Indian #99) .,, a WwIL LM MIA RIN la, 154) _,, “ WI IAOX MIA RIN 1. 190). “ Ian wIa MIA RIM u 0, ION Aa Id Rau I 150)... " ION IAN WIN RIN IS 198)... h BMW Rld OXLV MIA I 159)... S RIO IRB OB Iva 1 We will meet the same mint master Richard below (No. 279). in Dublin (Divelin). 160) Without scepter. REN AIR A time 16 copies lol). x hal RIO NLV RId Eu 102) “ N AIVI ATM HOI ION EL, Here is also the royal name for HAMNVS RAX TA ..I disfigured. 163) Without scepter. REX ION UA MIA with TRAIL the to 5 copies One could almost, with consideration on No. 211, 212 Arnhem think.

312 H. Dannenberg: 164) Without scepter. ... ..M DON WIN, has also KICKED 1 copy 165) Without scepter. hON RIGA VNI NA I 166) With scepter, otherwise the same l 07)... “ GON RAMI WIL LM 1 188) u AON RAI IA RIN 11 169) Without scepter, otherwise the same i.e., With these pennies 167-169 compare No. 153. Is real Conrad meant? One will almost on the Hue Walter and Raul Derlig on the coins of William of Scotland, the Furitigher Biter on bracteates from Saalfeld, the Erth Velmar in Goslar, which Burchard Helt ducis Bern remembers. 170) Without scepter. ION VNA IDIC IVN 1 copy Completely the letterform of Bernhard II's Lippeschen, hence the JAN... VS RaXIPd of ZH. not alienated, without having to read imperator. 171) Without scepter. RIA OILV MIA OLD 1 copy it) m ” +hENRIAVS RAX - ING KR. OHU a0... OR 1 copy 173) With scepter. MA 0 OLA VO 14). in including ID OL VID 100) “ NB RIO HA UW 1 100). ", RN AVD OU TULV (cf. No. 78) 1 copy Ic). i I9 NV Ih Aa us 108)... 3 AMR VMU IAVI DAT So: amor omnia vincit! It sounds like we're hearing a trump... badour, not a coiner. I hereby conclude the long list of replica coins, whether There are probably around 30 left. But partly these are not clear enough everywhere, in some cases which have already been led to the purpose that was important here, namely- a true picture of the composition of this treasure give; some imperfect Pieces like this would have more Instead of benefit, it was probably just fatigue.

The Ribnitz sterling find. 313 Ireland, 179) RARI - AVSR - AXINI king's head with scepter, in Triangle. RF/. RIGA ARD 0% IVA same long, double linear cross with balls, as before. 5 copies 180) Likewise, but R/. hen RIO NUV va ji A side piece to No. 159; to the London Mint The Irish triangle type fits no more than to the embossed place Dublin at No. 159 the English type. By the way, see No. 230. 9 Schoitland. Alexander II 1214-1249. 181) ALAXZNDAR RAX King's head with scepter to the left. R/. ION AN OR BAR (Berwick) long, double-lined cross with a star at each angle 3 copies 182) Likewise, but R/. ALA XMU OIA DEN (Edinburg) 1 aa, » MY. AD AM ON RO (Roxburgh) 1 HE] "lk) 182) Dr AUVSEN DON... no, 155) ALAXANDAR RaxX crowned head with scepter to the right. R/£ IOU AO ON (?) PER (Perth) 1 copy These coins were usually issued under Alexander II. listed, and his successor Alexander II (1249 - 85) the with REX SCOTORVM and simple cross on the Rf. read. But whether the latter not in the beginning his government his father's stamp maintained has? Otherwise it would be in According to our findings, this gap of around 30 years is covered to some extent. due, although there is no mistaking that coincidence or what It seems to us that it plays a major role in coin finds. Netherlands. County of Kuinre, Heinrich II, mentioned 1263—1294. 186) Without scepter. A/. CIWI TTS (CV) RE(H?) 1st copy IS, Mr Lk. CIVI CVA REA CIS a: (v. d. Chijs Overyssel Plate I, 3; Chautard Type esterlin Tab. XXXII, 1; Plaagendrup No. 6). 189) Mic scepter. &/. OIM....... DEER 1 copy

314 H. Dannenberg: That these 3 unedited sterling also belong to Count Heinrich to the author have, is probably provided by the following his name, as well as the one to be discussed at the end Composition of the find clarified. 189) With scepter. R/. KERN RICV 5-.C0O MES 3 copies (from Chijs Overyssel, plate I, 2; Chautard, plate AAXIL 2; Plaagendrup No. 4). 190) With scepter. A. COM ASh ERNR ICVS 76 copies IL; “ Rf. COM ASh ER ICV’ 8 p.m 192) Without scepter. R/. COM ASh ER ICVS 205; 195): ,, > Rj. KEN RICV S-CO MES 18 “ These species with the scepterless royal head are new. 194) With scepter. KANRIAVS COM as Rf. COM ES-R ENR ICVS 9 copies These coins as well as all the following ones no citation finds, forms a welcome addition ours knowledge this one interesting Reprints. Just We would be more grateful to the stamp cutter if he instead useless repetition Henricus prefers the name of the mint would have. However, it is probably not closed doubt that, as v. d. Chijs recognized and Grote (Mzstud. V, 8. 490) after his process, No. 189 has the same home as No. 187, and then it is also the same as meadows to look at, that the last completely factory identical Coins belong there. From the concurrent counts of Only Waldecker (1249 - 82) come into question; but the letters on the coins are his Father Volkwin III. both and his brother Wittekind like also his uncle Adolf, characterized by their size and width teristic ($. Mzstud. V, plate 3, nos. 4 and 5, 9 and 10), see completely different, so that he is certainly out of the question. 195) With scepter. KANKIAVS COM as RF DAV IOA LVN DEN (Plaagendrup No. 3) 8 copies 196) With scepter. KANWUIAVS COM aS AR. WULL LM LVN DOY 1 copy

The Ribnitz sterling find. 315 197) With scepter. STUVE REGI HR VE R/. OVITES CVH REH 4 copies 198) With scepter. STUVE REGI NT VI .AR/. Like before 5 copies However, it is not certain whether one of these specimens belongs to this kind or rather to the previous kind. The VI explained yourself easily through Virgo, while I don't have any to VE knows how to make sense. 199) Without scepter. STUVE REG(IIEUN MI .R/. As before. 1 copy (v. d. Chijs op. cit. plate I, 4; Chautard plate XXXIL, 9; Plaagen- drup No. 7). Already v. d. Chijs solves the conclusion of the inscription through mater Domini. The species he brought with EOI, according to Thomsen (comitis) CVA REACIS is unfortunately not represented in our findings. By the way, offer these coins with the Marian inscription, compared to those with Henricus, with poor preservation in this respect a difficulty, as with them the writing is indiscriminate above the head begins, which in relation to the latter only is the case with those without a scepter. 200) With scepter. SRLVERE....2- R..AIMIHM... 1 copy Also these and the next coins, although they If we do not inform ourselves about their minting place, we can probably consider submitting them here, because they are the same in the factory. The ones that came here are quite similar, namely smaller than the English ones. sterling, which also, as noted at Nos. 53-56 (CIVI- TS LONDON). 201) With scepter. STLVAREGI AROUND VA Ef. PI. OILV ma OD 1 copy 202) Without scepter. STUVE REGIAR ME R/. CIWI TS CRS GATE 2 copies 203) Without scepter. STLVE REGÜHR) MAT KR. REI (DEN) BON LVN 2 copies

316 H. Dannenberg: The second copy, which that on the not at first clear DON of the A/. delivers, seems to be the usual MA). to have MAT. 204) Without scepter. STUVE (RE)GIM... Af. DVO RST Bun, kKxpl. 205) .OhmeScepter SRUVE ..n 2. al: N Lu DEN 1 copy Zwoll. 206) With Scepter.. CIVI TAS SVL LAU 2 Esxpl. 20), ; CIVWI TS Ld..ON l... If a clear city name is missing here too, so will this one For the sake of similarity in style, the coin should be included here for the time being to be; I dare not read Leodien(sis). But that is English At least not because of its low weight. 208) With scepter. SMUVE (REGJIA MR KR. IVIAVILOX DON 1 copy Here has yourself the stamp cutter already from that on No. 53-56 Henricus rex III emancipated. 209) Without scepter. STUVE REGIAR MD KR. WIL LA IVN DOI 2 copies The link between this coin and No. 206, with Salve regina ma D and civitas Sulien can be found at v. d. Chijs a.a.0. Plate XVII, 1 and after at Chautard Plate XXXIL, 1 (HENRICVSREXIT Af. CIVICVNRENCIS). John of Nassau, elected bishop of Utrecht, 1267-1282. 210) Without scepter. KIOW'ES ELECTVS Kf. (CHI TAS SVL LE 1 copy From this bishop, who because of his extraordinary ignorance — he was able to go to Grote (Bl. f. Münzkd. IV, p. 172) neither reading nor writing - the papal confirmation did not receive it, but nevertheless knew how to assert itself for a long time, So far we only knew one coin (loc. cit. plate XVII, 368, v. d. Chijs, Utrecht plate IX), also by Zwoll and with the same transcriptions, but completely different and specific

The Ribnitz sterling find. 37 Utrecht style and with his own portrait. Many- Nos. 206-209 above can easily be traced back to him. Geldern, Count Otto II. 1229-1261, or Reinold I. 1271-1326. 211) With scepter. RZ. WU LM RU EMI 1 copy (v. d. Chijs, Geldern plate XXVII, suppl. 2; Chautard XXXI, 2; Plaagendrup No. 8). 212) With scepter. IDKDU.... RX WI Ar... RN ML 1 copy As late as v. d. Chijs No. 211 bets, d. h. under friction nold Il. 1326-1343, these coins are of course not, but whether from Otto II's last time or from Reinold's I's first time, that cannot be decided. Germany, Lippe, nobleman Bernhard III. 1229—1265. All these coins, some of which, by the way, are younger Sons of this gentleman, Bernhard IV (1265-1275), may belong, carry the king's head with scepter, partly (No. 230) as shown Heinrich’s III. Irish Embossed a triangle. With a short one triangle and with a scepterless head, like Grote in his lip- The history of coinage (Mzstud. V, 8. 166 fg.) lists several were none available, what in richness this one Part of the find could be noticeable if we didn't have some There were strange irregularities in almost all finds would be used to encountering. 213) BARUKZRDVI IV R/. RAN RIO UV IDA 2 copies 214) BARUKARDV IV Zf/. REN RIO NUV WA 4 ", Zip BARUR...... RB... and OENB EN 280) DARNERRU. IN TO. ... ... Ron Bari. 217) BARNHTRDV R/. REURIO NVWA 1 “ (Münzstud. V, p. 169, No. 16.) This sterling is through a floret in the middle of the Cross is particularly characterized as Lippisch. 2I0n. RIMINI Zi REN 2,000; well 1 copy 219) BARNKTRDV IT R/. ROXU RIO NLV OA 25 ",

318 H. Dannenberg: So far we only knew the corresponding Vierding this somewhat distorted name of the mint master (Mzstud. V, plate II, 18). All of these have beautiful, wide, sharply defined letters Bernhard coins, but particularly peculiar to this type. 220) BEUNHFAR (or UP)T M RZ. MA OLAa ONA LVN 1 copy 221) BARNKARDI DT .K/. Like before. 2, 222) BARUKARDV UT Ay. RAIL AVD OL VD 6 “ (Plaagendrup No. 5.) 223) BARNHARDV OT R/. Like before. a, (similar to Münzstud. V, plate II, 17.) 224) BARNKARDV IV Rf. RAM AVD OU VID 1 copy (similar to Münzstud. V, plate U, 17.) 225) BARNKARDSV.... RE RAM..DOLVYW]I1 “ 226) BARUKARDV IV A. RID MD ON VD 2 “ So far we have had as little of this Ricard as of that Nicole No. 220 and 221 Lippe coins. How numerous theirs English style circulated in Germany, teaches a look at numbers 75, 76 and 81-87 above. 227) BARNAIRDV IT Ry. RIG OAL RD VID 1 Expl. Here is probably only the second and third part of the back transcription changed; if you use RIA RD OA instead of the ML VXD reads, so the meaning is made. 228) BARIKMRAV IT Z/. RIO REN NLV BA 1 copy RIO likes a hint of RIAMRD or the second Be part of the hAN RIO NUV NDA, RAM the beginning of RANAVD. But it's hardly worth worrying about these stamps. to rack your brains for tailoring whims. 229) BARNKARDV UV Rf. WA TEN ONL VD 7 Expl. A mint master who we first meet here in Lippe (see above No. 89), as well as Willem the following piece is new. 229a) Likewise, but R/. WU LM OYL ..D 1 copy The model is No. 90. TeGE

The Ribnitz sterling find. 319 230) BRN KAR9I AXI crowned head with scepter holding right in a triangle, in its lower right Angle one Rose. ZR/. hEN RIO NLV Na (Münzstud. V, Plate II, 22). A reprint of No. 180 2 copies Hermann III, 1265-1273. 231) RARMANM... IM’ king’s head with scepter. R/. HQI VD ONL VMN 1 copy We were still missing sterling pieces from this older son Bern- hard's II. The present one, whose mint master's name goes to Henri as echoed by Renaud, makes it all the more likely that also his younger one, who came to power at the same time as him Brother Bernhard IV had this type of coin struck yes still under his son and successor in use ge- being. Simon I, 1275--1344, 232) SIMO. DALIP IN THE KING'S HEAD WITH Scepter. R/. WA TM ONL... The second copy clearly reads .. MON... IPP IA 2 copies Simon, who in his long reign dedicated himself to the various served in the most polite manner, soon after the probably in the catch the pure sterling belonging to his dominion, from which so far only two (with Henri on Lunde and with corrupt surroundings) writing of the Z/. Mzstud. V, 8. 185 No. 35 and plate VII 6). were, the type changed somewhat in that it had the three balls the Ze/. replaced by roses (see also 0. Plate IV, 37, 38). Except for the coins listed above, all of which Show sterling coinage, the find only has the following few left different, namely Wewelinghöfer!) delivered. On these Coins are because the stamp was larger than the silver plates, the transcriptions are regularly very poor. Muenster. Bishop Eberhard v. Diest, 1275-1301. 233) (Eve)RH(ardus epc). The bishop with his right hand blessing and book half after his right Page swept sitting. 1) see Grote Münzstud. I p. 232. Journal of Numismatics. XV. 2

320 H. Dannenberg: R/. (Paulus) RPO(st.), his bust portrait. (Cappe, Westf., plate IH, 36, 37; coin stud. I, p. 242, no. 38) 19 copies, 234) Likewise, but the bishop with blessing right and crook 14 copies This type is new, and despite the lack of transcriptions, from which only one copy still has on the Rf....... STOL to recognize their belonging to this bishop at least to for the most part probably not to be doubted. County of Recklingshausen. Archbishop Siegfried v. Cologne, 1275 — 1297. 235) #KSIER.. EPISCOP, like 234. R/. MRIOH. and... IVIT Head of Saint Peter (Weingärtner, Mz. d. Hzgth. Westfalen, No. 156, 1a. IV; »}) 3 copies 236) Likewise, but . VARKL..... Rf. *Clivitas Dors)TEN (Weingärtner op. cit., No. 159) 1.Expl. With the name of Münster Bishop Eberhard, ge- shapes Dorsten. The first thing that comes to mind when looking at this treasure is the question: did the coins contained in it form state money in the sense that they are intended for circulation in Mecklenburg were true? At first you would think — no, because otherwise There would probably have been state coins like at Plaagendrup. mixed found, and man So I would rather go to the checkout of a foreign merchant or a foreign remittance. I'm also not aware of any English money being used in Mecklenburg. castle would be excavated. Even the occasional occurrence one English Sterlings in Mecklenburg, like it e.g. B. for Pomerania is established (Dannenberg, Pommern 8. 77), would be un- considerably. What raises concerns, however, is that in Mecklenburg it is common the bill in sterling appears as follows Mecklenburg documents - taken from beech certificate pose’) teach: 1) I owe these coverings to Sr. Excellency Mr. v. Prollius.

The Ribnitz sterling find. >21 1262. May 23, Rostock. No. 9093, Johannes de Nestwede, civil servant in Rozstock .... that's it Anglieis (William. Prest et Adam Sheth).... XI libras Sterlingorum. 1262. September 5, Rostock. No. 962. Dominatrix Ghee de Brunswie et Ernestus Symeri concessionrunt civitati XII marcas ponderatas Rozstoc. Stendal. et Meydeborg. Argentine et XTIII marcas slavi- potassium denariorum ponderatas et Angliensium dena- riorum novorum ponderatorum XXXII marcas etc. 1281. Oct. 31, Rostock. No., 1590, Dominus Heydhenricus sacerdos .... domui sancti Spiritus unum calicem X marcas valentem contulit, in- super et clenodia quaedam, quae III solidos Anglicos et dimidium constiterunt. 1290. Wismar. No. 2075. Johannes Middelvare praestitit civitati XLV marcas sterlingorum ponderatas..... 1289. Rostock. No. 2008. Consules eivitatis Rozstoc susceperunt L talenta cum III talentis novorum sterlingorum .... quam sum- mam Gotfridus dictus Scermere et Johannes ... to the altar quoddam construendum .... dereliquerant. 1288. Ibid. No. 2103 not. Albert de Cosfeldia promise pro VIII talents novorum sterlingorum quae recepit Henricus de Gander sem de dono Johannes Scermere. Item Arnoldus ... et ' Bertramus... promiserunt pro II talent. novorum sterlingorum, quae dedit Johannes .... Item Bernardus . et Henricus .... promiserunt per XL talent. novor. sterlingorum per Hermanno..... 1276. Wismar No. 2707. Tidemannus Albus presentavit Uffoni et uxori Johan- nis Scelveschoren XIIII marcas sterligorum et III soli- dos, marcam pro X solidos. IIII denariis minus ..... 21*

322 H. Dannenberg: 1302. Szczecin No. 2836. The Council of Stettin uses the Council from Rostock for a certain Gerardus: quem de Bra- bancia venientem juxta Renum Hermannus Rekelichusen despoliavit suis bonuses, sciliceet LX mareis anglicorum paratorum denariarum | 1342. Wismar. No. 6247 A The Rath from Wismar complained join the Counts of Holstein about the fact that their vassals are his Citizens plurima bona abstulerunt, among others. Item Everhardo de Stytende super LX marcas Lu- bicenses in grossis et sterlingis. — — — 1342. Rostock. No. 6251. Likewise the Council of Rostock: Spoliavit in Vemers and Marquardum civem in Rostock bonuses suis in tunnis, sale et alois bonuses value LX marcarum Rostockensium and III solidorum sterlingorum. 1345-48. Rostock. No. 6602. From a trading book: Item C marcae et XLVI marce per VII &% grossorum in the. sterling. quas cum Crumvote transmisi. So perhaps in the wholesale trade the foreign valuables were fuller English money applied while the small traffic increased made do with the low-value national coin in Bracteatenforın. What is striking when you look at the numerous English people maybe appear, that not a single one with short ones either There are crosses among them, that probably speaks against it to some extent Ruding, who also received this from Heinrich IIL, but in the first 32 years of his reign shaped believes, because if you also wanted to accept that the older species through strict controls bot was completely pushed out of circulation in the country itself, so could for the mainland, in particular for Westphalia, where the treasure came from and where it was buried must, this assumption does not hold water. If, on the other hand, you Sterlings with a short cross to Henry II (1154-89),

The Ribnitz sterling find. 323 who will have them from 1180 onwards (through Aymary of Tours). leave their mark, their absence is quite natural, because they were when the treasure was deposited almost a century old, how These are the coins of Simon, Eber-, which were necessarily minted after 1275. Hard and Siegfried (Nos. 232-236) demonstrate this irrefutably. Ruding’s view but is also from Akermann, Hawkins Grote and others fought against it, and especially by Grote on the basis of the Daelie finds (Mzstud. II, 251, 256, cf. V, 482) were successfully argued'). Should there ever be a sterling with a short cross appear, who for compelling reasons belongs to the third Henry would have to be assigned, this should be done with the Mzstud. v If this is the case described on p. 490, you would have to do something about it It would not be surprising to assume that H. III. At first H's II character would have been retained. But such things on H. III. One would probably always have indicative coins with a short cross for subsequent coins, as is the case with the im Groschen-Kab., V. compartment, plate XVII, 5 shown and there for Richard (1189-99) explained Sterlinge with continuous double pellinous crosses (RAX RIOHRT U RU.D.....NVNDA) if only because of the impossible DU and the faulty NVA is the case. In order to determine how the outlaws compare in weight imitated sterling behave, I weighed some of them who had more than 12 pieces (shillings) on hand, because The weight of individual pieces is deceptive. Then weigh: No. 23, 24 - 15.14 sizes, No. 53 - 12.70 sizes, No. 57 - 15.99 sizes, No. 64 - 15.83 size, No. 78 - 16.95 size, No. 91 - 15.34 size, No. 94 — 16.05 gr., No. 153 - 15.90 gr., No. 160 - 15.95 gr., No. 190 - 15.11 gr. and No. 219 — 15.50 gr. So you can see that number 53 is official (Dutch?) replica coin, what with Ruding’s approach 1) G. is only wrong in that he (loc. cit. p. 257) describes the year 1177 as denotes the latest date provided by this find, it has it the coins of Gerhard of Osnabrück and Ludolf of Magdeburg overlooked, the Both first 1192 to the government reached are: changes the result but this is nothing.

324 H. Dannenberg: The Ribnitz sterling find. gave p. 184 is true: “The persons who had thus diminished the coins were chiefly merchants of those countries which bordered upon England, and more especially of Flanders.” And . Finally, a shilling of No. 233 has a weight of 15.15 gr., so that the circulation of these small Werwelinghöfer is shown next to the much larger and solid sterling pieces. The time has finally come for this treasure to be buried we follow what has already been said according to numbers 232-236 into the eighties of the thirteenth century. H. Dannenberg.

On the currency of the Egyptian drachma. By chance I came across a separate copy of a treatise by Louis Blancard in the hand that holds the title: “L’Aureus Romain se divisait en six-milliemes au milieu du III® siecle apres J.-C."'). Since I was impressed by the statements made by... author turned out to be completely wrong, but at the same time with a closer look at the material he covered another new result emerged, so it won't be un- be appropriate, my observations after the negative and positive side to present to the numismatists. M. Blancard starts from the consideration of the Greek domestic writings C. I. Gr. 5008 and 5010, two of those numerous rrg0Gxvvnuere, with those in III. century AD the veosis yöwov the front of the Kardassi rock temple in Nubia covered have, around with that testimony from theirs Adoration of the god Ioveosnuoövıs and at the same time often, to pass on to posterity, what costs to them from their priesthood were grown. So reported the first mentioned inscription, that the priest Zevrovatıs during of his office in the second year of the Emperor Philip the sum CK — like that after the publication in the corpus — spent have, while the second was composed in Philippe's fifth year Inscription, by she recapitulates the same act, indicates, the 1) Unfortunately I didn't find out in which magazine and in which year the article was published. On the last, the 10th page There is the comment below: “Marseille. Typography and lithography Barlatier-Feissat.’”

326 Ulrich Wilcken: Wevrovakıs got for his first youos, so just that of second year of Philip, 20 xovo& spent. The ones out equation resulting from the cohesion of the two inscriptions “20 xovox = CK®”, has now received various interpretations. Cavedoni explained CK® as CK, i.e. h. 220, folles. This was Already rightly refuted by Mommsen by pointing out that the follar calculation only began under Constantine. The interpretation of the CK® but left Mommsen in suspenso?). The cited writing now offers a new explanation Blancard. The course of his deduction is briefly as follows: Instead CK® he simply reads CM® and recognizes the numbers 240 and 500. According to him, the 500 means silver drachmas, because from the equation '20 Aureus = 500 x' it follows that '1 Aureus = 25x”. According to Dio Cassius (55, 12) 25 silver drachmas on the aureus. The number 240 should continue the curs this silver drachma denotes, so that to 1 silver drachma 240 smaller ones Coin units go. Assuming this, go but then 25x 240 or 6000 such units on the Aureus. And he sees this as proof of the validity of the testimony of Cassiodorus “Sex millia denariorum (veteres) solidum eat voluerunt” also for the III. century. This the result of his writing, to which I, even if I don't have one myself Information for the explanation of the CK® would be known from some Apart from that, simply because of the method followed therein, would agree. The entire artificial building is standing and falls with the completely out of the air and apparently from the desire to join the Cassiodor position To achieve this, the assumption that took place in the inscription arose K rather M should be read. This way we could still do it set up some systems. That the assumption is also un- is correct will emerge from the following. I now turn to the positive part of mine versions, to explain the enigmatic equation “20 1) History of Roman coinage, p. 729, A. 224: “Whether that’s just it x xo I don’t know if it says anything or what else.”

On the currency of the Egyptian drachma. 327 Aurei = CK®”. The true meaning of it could, however, However, due to the material used so far, i.e. h. of the publication in the corpus, impossible to recognize but by using VI. Department of Lepsius’ Thought painting, which of course, although for several decades of the taught world accessible, so far - apart from the exploitation thung for the Latin inscriptions by Mommsen and for the Greek epigrams by O. Puchstein — probably because of of absence any comments mostly been ignored is. And but offer the after High fives or copies, afterwards lithographed to the palaeographic forms Texts by Lepsius almost for each one Inscription werthyolle Corrections to the publications in the corpus. So too for our two inscriptions, which are in Lepsius “Monuments from Egypt and Ethiopia", Abth. VI, sheet 92, size. 328 = 0.1. Gr. 5008) and Gr. 325 (= C.1I. Gr. 5010). At more exact Investigation of the entire Letterforms the The former inscription now turns out to be the first of the three disputed characters, C, significantly more elongated and straight is as the sigmata of the inscription, which is more like a semicircle form, so that £ is not a sigma at all; that furthermore that second character shows decided deviations from the form the Kappa of this inscription: While with these the upper one two wedges placed on the vertical line approximately everywhere If the angle in question is set at an angle of 45° (N), it is the same for the one in question Rather, the characters are at an angle of almost 90°, i.e. h, he's almost standing perpendicular to the vertical line (F). I am now in the lucky situation, in addition to the publication also the Lepsius secret brought and in the Berlin Kgl. Paper stored in the museum to be able to use a copy of this inscription, and hereafter It turns out that the upper wedge is exactly at right angles. is set that furthermore the lower wedge - like no other Kappa of this inscription - not at all related to the one above - bumps, but further below put on is that finally the Vertical line, which is only faintly hinted at in the publication

328 Ulrich Wilcken: is, shows a noticeable thickening at the upper tip. short- um, we don't have a sigma or a kappa to do. Rather, the former sign is the one under the chisel of the stonemason, which had become a little stiff, from the papyrus Sigle for the drachma was well known at this time ($)'), and the second character is nothing more than the one in the Papyrus cursive likewise similarly formed sigles for the number 3000, d. h. it is a T with an upwardly extended vertical which usually has a tick at the top of the papyrus cursive (+), here instead shows the mentioned thickening. Here The lower wedge still remains unexplained. According to the one given above Description of the same However, I do not hesitate to accept that one By mistake of the stonemason who gave this sign may not have happened often in his practice, its origin owes, an assumption that thereby increases in probability Wins that our stonemason also remembers the word Deagwove| i] on the last line (cf. Lepsius 1. c.). Hereafter So the Wevrovakıs has it in the second year of Philippus $ty, d. h. 3500 drachmas for his priesthood spent. This is not the only case in which a priest from Kardassi instead of Aurei in drachmas, how? yes also the talent and drachma calculation in Egypt that Usual is. The following examples from the roosxuvyware from Kardassi: Lepsius, Gr. 344 (= C. I. Gr. 5001): z«davrov Ev xab $x (= deayuei &£axooı;, for this in the corpus: 5 x|evo@]); further Lepsius Gr. 329 (= 0. I. Gr. 5014): zeAavrov Ev xas dgayue [she] örioxöos [sic] (&rv« through L with the xoos of the next line connected; for this in the corpus: &rrra [ei]xoos) ; finally Lepsius Gr. 348 (= 0. L Gr. 5006): 5 &x (= deexwei nevraxısyide EEaxdoreı; for this in the corpus: TIEX = [rJe x[evoä]). Pull us now the consequences out of those won Reading. We now have the equation: 20 Aurei = 3500 1) Proof of this is that one line before the one in cursive mell hereby identical Sigle for &zos ($) even stiffer to a correct one has become a straight line (I). Cf. Lepsius 1. c.

On the currency of the Egyptian drachma. 329 Drachmas. Consequently is 1 aureus = 175 drachmas. This one Equation now helps us to arrive at a not uninteresting value Determination of the Egyptian drachma in relation to the attire schen. Namely the Aureus according to Dio Cassius l. ec. same 25 drachmas, d. h. Attic drachmas is, we get the Equation: 175 Egyptian drachmas - 25 Attic drachmas, or: 1 Egyptian drachma = "/ Attic drachma. This re- The result fits in with what has been said so far about value the Egyptian drachma was known: while the Ptolemaic Drachma according to the direct evidence of antiquity % of Attic fraud'), she became, like Mommsen noticed has?), by the Roman government based on '/ the Attic drachma sets. If now emerge from the inscriptions of Kardassi has the Egyptian drachma in the middle of the III. year- 100 AD is only one-seventh of that of Attic, like that is from it, like Mommsen I noticed, probably less an official reduction of their value rather than to one to close the devalviration of your currency that has occurred in practice. 1) See Hultsch, Metrology?, p. 630. 2) Hermes V, p. 135ft. Berlin. Ulrich Wilcken,

The titulary of Vaballathus. A notorious one erux interpretum was for a long time Interpretation of the legends on the Syrian and Egyptian coins of Vaballathus. A.v. Sallet, on his fundamental work about these and the related Palmyrene coins from the front referred in be'), could be derived from his investigations Predecessors no less than nine different explanations of the note Latin coin legends, e.g. Th. quite monstrous- had mental fantasies (“Princes of Palmyra” 8. 17), and the situation was similar with the interpretation of the Greek (ibid. p. 24ff.). The controversial one Legend is on the Syrian Coins: VCRIMDR, in the Alexandrian: YACP or YAYTCP®. Sallet and Mommsen together have the first satisfactory one brought a solution by putting forward the following interpretations for the Latin legend: v(ir) c(onsularis) R(omanorum) i(mpera- tor) d(ux) R(omanorum), and for the Greek: vlnerırog) adr(oxedrop) olteeınyös) Po(uaimv). The former reading was soon afterwards from Sallet by observing the under the Lor- The tiara hidden in a beer wreath on the Vaballath coins improved, that he instead of the first R(omanorum) rather r(ex) read?). 1) “The Princes of Palmyra” 1866; also “The Coins of Vaballathus and the Zenobia” in Vienna Numism. Magazine I, 1870, p.31ff. cf. still v. Sallet “The data of the Alexandrian imperial coins” 1870, p. 84 ff. 2) Vienna. Num. Magazine II, p. 33.

Ulrich Wilcken: The titulary of Vaballathus. 331 Although the companies employed by Sallet and Mommsen searches for insightful people') are already convincing in and of themselves are, comes it does not undesirable, that they are through now a Greek one papyrus, the recently from Berliner Royal museum was acquired, received a brilliant confirmation. On this papyrus, a 9cm high, 10.2cm wide, from the Faijüm fragment, is the dating of a document preserved that once stood above it and well a contract or was some official document?). So much the loss of the to regret the text of the document is, we have to rely on chance thank you, who just saved the lower part, because this shows us the fully advertised ones for the first time Title of Vabal lathus. The text of the papyrus reads: 1. LB]] voö xvgiov nuo[v AdloyAıavov Sefe]oroo zo &$') || Too xvolov jumv Zerrruwiov OvaßarAcgov ’AINvodsgov Toü Aaurigorarov Baoıldng aVTOxgRTOpOG 9. oroaımyod “"Pouciwy Msyeig xo. Of the titles given here to Vaballathus the Baoılews aüroxgurogos orparnyod ‘Poueiwv exactly the r(ex) i(mperator) d(ux) R(omarorum) of the Syrian coins, like it was set up by Sallet and Mommsen. Just the beginning of her Explanation, the v(ir) c(onsularis) becomes one according to the papyrus prefer to change it to v(ir) c(larissimus), corresponding to the 0 Aau- ngorerog’). The interpretation v(ir) c(onsularis) was based on this 1) Cf. against the polemic of Mr. Oberdick in “Zeitschr. f.d. Austrian Gymnasium' 1868, VI, p. 426438. 2) In ordinary private correspondence don't do it like that formal dating to be given. 3) word separation, Accents, alcohol, these as usual in the Greek cursive are not expressed, I added. 4) $ is the sigle for &zos, which often appears in cursive alongside L. 5) Death Amungordrov referred to the rank class and is probably not there Pocık&os to connect. Compare the Palmyrene inscription Waddington n. 2611: “Zentiuiev Zuvoßiav Tv Amungorarmv svcsßn PBeacikocav”, where the special The position of the Auurgoraryv is secured by the following evosßj. Next to it

322 Ulrich Wilcken: Ö(rarıxog) of Alexandrian coins. But a complete equality The truth of the Latin and Greek legends is not present because in Greek it corresponds to rex BaoıAsvg is missing. So the ö(merıxöc) will not force us can look for an analogy in the Latin text. Rather, we can now see the difference the Syrian and Alexandrian Coin legend for sure confirm. It is remarkable that Vaballathus still existed in Egypt the language of law firms or public transport exactly bears the same titles as on the Syrian coins'). Also for history of Vaballathus is the papyrus not without interest. The date, the 26th of Mechir of the 2nd year of Aurelian and des 5th year of Vaballathus, d. i. the February 20th of the year 271 BC, helps us more precise chronological fixation of the duration of the Palmyrene Rule in Egypt. During Mommsen?) the re- Conquest of Egypt by Probus at the end of the year 270 su put is inclined, the papyrus shows rather that still end February 271 the reign of Vaballath existed in Egypt. From the absence of Ysß«oroo in the titulary of the papyrus as well Aurelian's secondary order is agreed here- It can be seen that Vaballathus ends the title of Augustus February 271 had not yet usurped. And that's what happens next conclude that the usurpation coins from the 5th year of Vabal lathus, who regard him as Augustus but not at all as Aurelian lead, were only minted after February 271. Man will then agree with Sallet, who had previously planned the conquest Egypt in the beginning of the autumn of 271). By the way, a remark on the issue in this context Hang the much-discussed inscription from Byblos, in which is also called Zenobia in another inscription (Waddington 1st ce.) z75 Auungo- tarns Baoılloons. 1) Beoılsos and rex are also called Vaballathus in Egypt in the inscription Ephem. epigr. IV p. 25. Cf. Mommsen Rom. business V, 8. 437, A. 1. 2) Roman business V, p. 438, A. 1. 3) “Princes of Palmyra” p. 71.

The titulary of Vaballathus. 333 the supplement von Henzen') and Franz') Vaballathus next to it to whom Aurelian should bear the title of Augustus. It's called after their addition from the Zenobia: ZSeßaorn [u]ntor roü [Ssßao-] Death anvınvov [Avro] xoarogos Ovaßaida|Iov] Agnvodwgov. For historical reasons, Sallet was right to do so Addition [3eß&o]zov rejected (“Princes of Palmyra”, p. 23 ff.) and suggested [oroaun]yod for this (op. cit. 0. p. 42). wad dington°) assumed [dsoro]rov or [Arurgora]zov or the like. But none of these supplements are durable. You throw it a look at what was previously hidden in Lepsius' monuments. publication of the stone that has not yet been exploited). contains many errors that probably go back to the copyist, but yes from of the arrangement the letter on the stone is one more precise idea than the rest publications, like that you can see that any addition behind uyzet voö is excluded otherwise the usual line length in the inscription would be exceeded would. There is therefore nothing left but to accept one Dittography, that is, the stonemason accidentally at the beginning the new line the zov repeated that he already at the end the previous one had written. 1) Bulletino del Inst. arch. 1847, p. 194. 2) CI Gr. III 4503b. 8. 1174. 3) Under n. 1611. 4) Lepsius, Monuments from Egypt. u. Aethiop.,, Abth. VI, p. 100. Gr. 588. possible, that this copy is identical to that of Abeken Henzen sent (Bulletino 1. e.). Abeken accompanied Lepsius’ ex- petition, Berlin. Ulrich Wilcken.

Literature. Numismatic Commentary on Pausanias. By F. Imhoof Blumer and Percy Gardner II,III. Reprinted from the Journal of Hellenic Studies. London 1886, 1887. The Pausanias Commentary, which can be found in Vol. XII, p. 403 had been pointed out, is through the now published two other issues, the second of which includes the Peloponnese Exception of Argolis includes according to Books II —VII of Pausanias, the third the northern Greek landscapes of IX. and X. Book including Attica, has come to a conclusion. The editors' method is essentially the same remained, as explained earlier, its material the coins the imperial era and only quite exceptionally from earlier times. One of these different conditions Only the section about Athens has experienced the plot, where the late rows of tetradrachms des 2. and 1st century around are used to a greater extent for the sake of their symbols. A few details may come from the wealth of the Editors Offered at least highlighted become. Plate N, No. XIII is in Lacedaemonian Coins out Gallienus' time, which Athena Chalkioikos demonstrated, is shown as a stiff cult image with a helmet, drawn lance and held up Shield, the robe in its lower half with transverse Stripes, apparently with those of Pausanias III, 17, 3 said reliefs. The Amyclean Apollo, on the other hand, contains as Leake already assumed, but now for certainty will, that falsely the Antigonus Doson enclosed tetra

Literature. 335 drachmon N, No. XVI; and probably in details faithful coins from the times of Commodus and Gallienus (N, No. XVID); that of Pausanias described so laboriously Throne of Amyclean Apollo is not represented on coin images to find. In Aegion become by Damophon the Eileithyia (Paus. VI, 23, 5, R. VI, VII), as well as those formed as a group Asclepius and Hygieia proven. In Patrae special wins Meaning of Menaechmus and Soidas Artemis Laphria, the Augustus removed from Naupaktos and given to the new colony had. On a type of Homonoia coin from Commodus' time (QX) She appears as a representative of Patrae alongside Aphrodite Corinth, which shows how little picky people are also on ancient Greek soil in the Roman colonial cities procedure is. R.W. Dr. Adalbert Düning: Overview of coin history of the imperial free secular monastery of Quedlinburg. Festschrift for greeting the XVI. Assembly of Hansisch Ge- strata association. Quedlinburg, in commission with H. Huch, 1886, p. 35. 4°. With 3 copper plaques. Should give visitors to the designated history day one literary work about the coins of them in his hospitable The walls of the old Quedlinburg were given into the hands be, so one had to be rewritten, because Cappe's “Description of the coins of Quedlinburg Abbey” is because of completely unsuitable for this purpose, apart from its countless shortcomings from the abundance of new ones substance, in particular the discovery of Freckleben has revealed. The grateful attitude thus presented Gabe, Mr. Author subjected, and in view of the within a short period of time he was given something that was probably sufficient for the purpose and delivered everything corresponding to the title. Namely, he has that Journal of Numismatics. XV. 23

336 Literature. Cliffs knew how to avoid where his mentioned advantage walker has failed so many times, and nowhere, like this one like that often something incorrect claims, nowhere false allocation made. Of course seems he this danger sometimes just through to big Anxiety missed to be, because otherwise it would be fine on the bracteates to enter been, which Koehne (Reichel IV, 1875) added to the Osterlindis; if it is cape M. 28, he has to However, you probably spoke become. Also the Brandenburg style Pattern minted denarii of Bertradis II (1270-1286) or probably earlier III (1286-1308). B and Q would be to mention aud where It would have been possible to depict it because it belonged to Quedlinburg is probably beyond doubt. You also don't like missing it very interesting denarius with BETTRIX VA, the Cappe (II 19, p. 43) surprisingly not the bracteate-rich Beatrix II (1138-61), but assigns the aforementioned Bertradis III, while he conversely does this in an even less permissible way the intended denarii with him Covenant Q takes and that older Beatrice II gives. Perhaps the author of Auf- took away from this coin, which is as strange as it is rare, the non- knowledge of an original and distrust in Cappe held, that, otherwise so extremely justified, in this case goes too far would go. The same may be true with the through Koehne (Reichel IV, 3724) authenticated Margaretha v. Schrapelau, about which I, however, due to lack of knowledge of even a single education, unable to judge. Also the illustration of the particularly important commemorative coin from the Freckleben find which the abbess (Beatrix II) next to the bishop (von Halber- city) (Stenzel plate III, 63), the reader would certainly have welcome. It should also be remembered that p. 14 as strange placed Appear Henry V next to the Abbess is not so unprecedented at that time, since we the same emperor on a denarius of Bishop Stephen V. Metz (Dbg. 59), and very often in the second half of the XI. Century image or name of the emperor in such E OT E 2

Literature. 337 founders return, from whose older, autonomous characteristics we have; not even the thalers of the German sovereigns offer Charles V's name an analogy for this phenomenon? But given the character of this work as an occasional publication have those mentioned Exhibitions probably doesn't mean too much; the same would be pleasant, too if it didn't have a cap to its predecessor. HD, 22*

Obituary. Paul Lambros died on October 12, 1887 in Athens at the age of 68. Lambros was one of the most distinguished experts in antiquity and medieval coins his fatherland and has himself through numerous monographs and treatises on the same made a great contribution to Greek coinage. Our magazine also owes Lambros a number of inter- most interesting essays, of which I only remember the longer ones. article “On the denominations on ancient coins and unedited Achaean federal coins” remember. Under Lambros’ The other publications, some of which are extensive, are special to highlight his work on medieval coins Cyprus, about the coins of the dynasts of Chios, the coins the grandmaster from Rhodes and about the ancient coins the island of Amorgos. Regarding Schlumberger's great work “Numis- matique de l’Orient latin” Lambros has the section on the Coins of the Gattilusi, Lords of Meselin and Eno, worked; He also delivered a large number of smaller works Magazines, namely in the N&a Mavdoge, the Melanges numismatiques, the Numismatic (Vienna) magazine and, how said in our magazine; a compilation of the numerous There are rich essays about the Greek Middle Ages in Schlum- berger in the preface to his cited work, pp. IX and X. All these works from Lambros, the over antique like above medieval coins, give always new, often the most important

A.v. Sallet: Obituary for Paul Lambros. 339 most recent discoveries, mostly completely unknown coins Explanation and correct recognition are just the very unusual ones numismatic talent, such as restless hard work and research zeal of the deceased made possible. The world's great coin collections, London, Paris and completely especially our Royal Collection (since 1846) thank Lambros' care for their most beautiful and rarest coins; Lambros’ eldest, the father in numismatic knowledge equal son, Johannes Lambros, is the current leader of the house to the zeal of the father, the most splendid and rare to look for coins of Greece and to find out about them for science keep, don't fall behind. A.v. Sallet.

Register. Register. A A Coin letter from Antioch. 240. Abbaitae. Abdera 6. Abd al Melik 179. *4ßnvoi. Dedication 210. Abbess, undetermined. Bracteate 25. Achelous head. Badge: Stratos 41. Adalbert I v. Mainz. Erfurt denarii 180 fg. Adalbert II v. Metz 292. Adalbert v. Trier 221. Adela 285. Eagle. Elis $fg. Panticapaeum 5. Adolf II v. Mainz. Gold guilders 199. Egyptian drachma 325 fg. Aeneas (with the features of Antoninus P.) sacrificing the pig. medallion of M. Aurel 18. AEQVIT AEQVITI 251. Agreus. Corcyra 71. ear of wheat. Cunobelinus 2. Akamas, head. Synnada 52. Akd..m makiis. Neapolis 35. Albert v. Saxony. Leipzig Goldg. 199. — Frederick and Johann v. 8. Groschen 200. Albert IV v. Bavaria. Munich 94. Albrecht Achilles. Schwabacher Gold guilder 199. ALE. Coin letters of Alexandria 240. Alexander Severus. 43. Alexander II B.C. Scotland 313. Alexandria Aeg. 90. Alexandria Tr. 42. 84. Alyzia 40. Dedication 213. Neapolis Joniae | Ancyra Gal. 87. Alleetus. London 246. Camulodunum DAT: | Altstargard 197. | Anazarbus 71. Andeda 84. Andernach 221. avesnxev. Colossae 52. Stop. Bracteate 194. 198. Antioch ad Or. 89. Antioch Pis. 71. Antiochus IX Philopator 53. Antoninus Pius. Alexandria 90. Tium 19.10, Anubis. Cius 74. Apamea 49. Apple, prize of the Pythia, in the Hand of Nike and at the feet of Nike. Thessalonice 70. Aphilas 17. Aphrodisias 83. Aphrodite. Gordiutichos 44. Apollo, Head: Alexandria tr. 42. Apollonia Thr. 38. Axus 11. Ca- tana 36. Neapolis 35. Pantica paeum 5. Phocis 41. — standing: Apollonia Pis. 48. Beudos 50. Mareianopolis 68. — and Daphne. Alexandria Tr 42. Apollonia Oar. 43. ATIOAAQN(OZ) Thr. 38. ATIOAAQNOZ IMIGENCE Alexandria Tr. 42, Apollonia, ancient name of Pantica- paeum 39. Apollonia Cariae 43. Apollonia Lyeiae 46. Apollonia Pisidiae 48. 79. Apollonia ad Rhyndacum 79. ıATPO(y) Apollonia

Register. 341 Apollonia Thraciae 38. AQ coin letters from Aquileia 240. Araxa 45. Ariassus 47. Ariobarzanes 212. 216. Arkas, carried by Hermes. Pheneos ARL coin letters from Arelate, as Mint city of Vienna under Con- stantin 242. Arnulf v. Bavaria 158. 159. Arnulf v. Halberstadt 298. M. Arrius Secundus 204. Artemis, head: Apollonia Lyc. 46. — Ephesia: Neapolis Joniae 43 fg. aoy-now. Cidyessus 52. Ascanius. Medallion of M. Aurel 18th Asclepius. Chersonesus Taur. 5. Sebaste Gal. 78. Astarte. Esbus 80. Athenais. Dedication 212. Athenian Tetradrachms. Himja ric reprints 15. Phoeni cical imprints 14. Attalos, Pylaemenid prince Pa- Phlagonia 217. Augsburg 106. 29. Augustus. Cidramus 52. Aurelia Neapolis 43. M. Aurelius. Apollonia Pis. 79. De- metrias 73. Mitylene 76. Neapolis Joniae 43. Nineveh 54 (and L. Ve- rus:) Philippopolis Arab. 86. Tium 75. Medallion 18. T.AYP. AIONYCIOY TOY ZHNQNOC. Neapolis Joniae 43. Aurunca 35. Axum 15 fe. Axus Cretae 11. b. Bachasa 17. Bachus cf. Dionysus. Baxyios Death Aaumgiov. Envoy a Lycian city 211. Bavarian gold guilders 93 fg. Uber view about the Bavarians Aus- coinages 95. 96. Balbura 46. Barnim v. Pomerania 194. Ingots of the find from small ro- swarms 288. of the discovery of Staro- Akhtubinsk (Russian rubles) 26 fg. Basel. Denarius 118. Gold guilders Frederick III. 200. Basil II and Constantine XI 108. Bernard III v. Lip 317 fg. Bernard I v. Saxony (Lüneburg) 105. 283. Bernard II v. Saxony (Lüneburg) 383. 298. Bernhard v. Saxony (Wittenberg) 26. Berthold v. Hersfeld 189. Berthold v. Mainz 199. Berwick 313. Beudos 50. Biagota, wife of Boleslaus I v. Bohemia 158 fg. BICIAIMHAH. Aphilas 15 fg. Bistu ibn Washmegir 108. Bizya 89. Bogislaus IX v. Pomerania 195. Boleslaus I v. Bohemia 148 fg. 179. Boleslaus II v. Bohemia 106. 149g. 38T. 295: Boleslaus III v. Bohemia 155 fg. 2%. Boleslaus Chrobry v. Poland 155. Brabant Patard Maximilian’s 224 fg. Braeislaus v. Bohemia 106. Brandenburg denarii 194. eagle pennies 198. Groschen 200. Bremen Schwaren 277. Wroclaw. Denarii of Boleslaus v. Bohemia 167. Heller 197. Bristol 303. Britain. Roman coins 245. Well 96. Bruno v. Toul 21. Bruno v. Trier (gold denarius) 21. Bruttium 36. Bujiden 296. Burghausen 93. Bütow. Seal stamp 28. C Caligula. Balbura 46. Camillo v. Correggio. Ducat 32. Camulodunum. coin des Cuno bellinus 2. Imperial coins 247. Canterbury 303. Caracalla. Alexandria Tr. 84. Cius 74. Colossae 52. Isaura 41. Mag- nesia Joniae 77. Pergamum 76. Tarsus 89. Tire 73. Carausius. Coins from an unknown British Mint voted 245. London 245 fg. Camulodunum 247. Carlisle 304. Catana 36. Centaur, on a horn blowing. Cunobelinus 2.

342 Cerberus, next to the enthroned S$a- rapis. Cidramus 51. Cius 74. Tium 19. Chartres. Denarius Charles the Elder Gr. 99. Chersonesus Taur 5. Choma 46. Christ's monogram on the helmet Constantine 19. in the field one Coin of Lieinius Jr. 20. Christian v. Beech, Erzb.v. Mainz. 221. Chulda 16. Cibyra 51. Cidramus 51. Cidyessus 52. Cius 54. C. Clodius Vestalis 202 fe. Cluses. Denarii of Charles the Elder Gr. 99. CMH (on gold coins from Nicomedia) — curator (conductor) monetae H. (Schmidt) 257. Cnut v. England 107. KOINON ®OINIKHC-COENV (P)HOENI- CES -COMMV(ne) PHOENICES - COL- NV - PHOENICES. CORNV PHENICES ERS: Colberg 195. Colossae 52. Comana 84. Comes sacrarum largitionum 242. Commode. Oyzicus 42. Tarsus 72, Conana 84. Constantine I coin with Christ Monogram 19th coins v. London 248. 249. Constantine II London 248. Constantine X and Romanus II 179. Constantine XI and Brasilius II 108. Constantius. London 248. 250. Constance 118. Corcyra 70. Corinth 71. Cöslin 195. Crispina. Augusta Traiana 39. Crispus. London 248 fg. Cunobelinus 2. D Daphne and Apollo. Alexandria Tr. 42. Apollonia Car. 43. Dolphin. Neapolis 35. Demeter, seated: Apollonia Pis. 48. — standing: Demetrias 73. — Healing Dionysopolis Phrygian 92. Demetrias 73. Demetrius, son of Euthydemus 86. | Engel, Arthur and goddess 71 fg. — and Telesphorus. | register, Democrats. 211. Demole, Eugene histoire mon&- taire de Genöve de 1535 & 1792 (Geneva and Paris 1887), displayed by. A.v. S. 228. Demos, head: Philadelphia 48. tita kazos 13. 49. from Eleutheria wreathed: Aphrodisias 83. Ludolf's commemorative coins v. Münster open the new building of cathedral 273. S. Deodat, Denarius Gerhard’sv. Alsace 21. Deventer, 105. 282. 284. 294. Dietrich v. Mainz. Gold guilders 200. Diocese of Diocletian and the coinage sites 239 fg. Dioeletian. Camulodunum 247. Lon don 246. 248. diovvovos 211. diovVcios Newvios, Athenian Gym nasiarch 208. Dionysus, standing: Cidramus 51. — bearded Head: Apamea 49. — juvenile head: Panticapaeum 6. AIONYCOC KEAAINEYC. Apamea 49. Dioscuri cf. Hellena. Domitian 108. Domna. Ancyra Gal. 87. Dionysus polis 92. Isaura 48, Dorestat. Karl’s denarii d. Gr. 99. Polish imitations 165. Dorsten. Eberhard v. Munster 320. Dortmnrd. Ottonian Denarii 105. 117. 283. 292. Henry II 298. Dreifuls: 'Axus' 11. Duning, Adalbert. Overview of the imperial coinage history free secular monastery of Quedlinburg ... shown by Dannenberg 335. Durham 304. Ephesian Messenger E Eberhard v. Munster 319. Edinburgh 313. ı St. Edmundsburg 304. Elagabalus. Anazarbus 71. Cidyessus 52. Coreyra 70. Esbus March 80th eianopolis (and Maesa) 69. Nysa 83. Paelaeopolis 47. Eleutherna 261. Emma v. Bohemia 134 fg. Ernst Lehr: numismatique de l'Alsace. Paris, Leroux 1887, shown by Dannen- mountain 232. Engelbert I v. Cologne 221. Tire 72.

Register. England, imperial coins 245 fg. English money in Meklenburg Documents 321 fg. Ephesus. Dedication 211. Epictetes. Dedication 213. EQVITI. Equitius. Head of the Mint essence under Probus 251. Erfurt. Denarii 180fg. Bracteates 185 fg. 190. Erkambold v. Strasbourg 293. Ermisch, Hubert. Document book the city of Freiberg in Saxony. II. Leipzig 1886, displayed by Frie- densburg 229. Eros suckled by the lioness. Ancyra Gal. 88. Eros and Aphrodite swimming 88, Esbus 80. Ethelred II v. England 107. 287. 286. Imitations 299. Owl. Athens 14. Euthydema II S6. Exeter 304. F Torch, entwined with snakes, next to Men. Magnesia Joniae 77. Fausta. London 250. Faustina Sr. 12. Faustina Jr. Oyeicus (as Persephone) 12. Nicaea 41. Fides. Macrinus 19. Flora head on the coins of C. Clodius Vestalis 202. Florens v. Munster 278. River god. Apollonia Pis. 48. Phi ladelphia 49. Tarsus 72, Forum Olodii. Inscription 202. Frankfurta. M. Goldgulden Friedrich’s III 199 fg. Frankfurt a. ©. Helmpfennige 198. Frederick I Barbarossa. Bracteate (depicting the emperor with a mustache providing) 24. Frederick III Gold guilders 199. Bai- first coin privilege 93. Frederick I v. Brandenburg. Denarii 197. Groschen 200. Frederick I v. Brandenburg-Ansbach. Gold guilders 199. Friedrich and Sigismund v. Br. Schwa- bacher gold guilder 201. Friedrich, Albert and Johann v. factual sen. Groschen 200. Friedrich, Johann and Georg v. factual sen. Groschen 200. 343 Frederick V. Schagen, Vogt v. wild hausen, practices the coinage law out 278fe. Frundsberg. Margaretha. Medal 28. Fürer, Chr. Medal 29 fg. 6. Galerius. London 248. Galeriuss Maximianus. coin casting shapes 20. Gallienus. Comana 83. Conana Pis. $4. Metropolis Joniae 83. Tium 73. Gambello 30. Garz 195. Counterstamp: head of Caracalla. Isaura 48. unexplained in Cretan Coins 258 fg. Geldern (Otto II or Reinhold I) 317. ; Gemilath 16. George I v. Bavaria. Landshut 9. George V. Saxony, Friedrich and Johann. Groschen 200. George William v. Brandenburg. Double ducat and gold medal. 32. Gera. Bracteate 185. Gerhard v. Alsace. wrestling 21. Geta. Sebastian 80. Gilow (owl). Denarius of Boleslaus III 156. Glogau. Heller 197. Gloucester 304. Gniezno 165. Goch, Denarius of Charles the Great 99. Gold denarius of Bruno von Trier 21 fg. Gollnow 195. Gordianus III. Antioch Pis. 71. Aphrodisias 83. Ilium 43. Marcia Napolis 68. Patara 46. Seleucia ad Calycadnum 71. Thessalonice 70. Tium 75. Tire 72. Viminacium 371 Duke V. Loth Ile Gordiutichos 44. Gorgoneion (?) Palatium 3. Gorty's 261. Goslar. Arnekopf 198. Groschen 200. Göttingen. Körtlinge 201. Griffin. Abdera 6. Groningen. Gold guilders Friedrich's III 200. Casting molds of Roman copper coins 20.

344 H H and Mr. Coin letters from Heraclea Thracum. Hacksilver 112. Hadad. Hierapolis 91. Hadran 91. Hadrian. Alexandria 96. Apollonia ad Rhynd.79 Araxa 45. Beudos 50. Corinth 71. Elis 10. Halicarnassus 31. Hadrumetum 91. Halicarnassus. Hadrian 13. Hagenauer 28. Crescent, symbol. Philip II v. Mae. 40. Hamburg. Gold guilder Friedrich’s 1981 200 fg. Hamdanids 296. Harpocrates. Tium 76. Harun er rashid 296. Havelberg. Groschen 200. Head, Barcley v. Historia numorum, a manual of Greek numismatics. London 1887, displayed by A v. Sallet 236. HEGINRIC REX. Inscription of a silver Medallions of Heinrich I 289. Henry I Verdun 281. Henry IV Copper bracteate 22. Henry I v. Bavaria 293. Henry II v. Bavaria 293. 294. Henry II v. Kuinre 313 fg. Henry v. Virneburg, Bishop v. Munster 250. Henry VI v. Herzfeld 189. Henry III v. England 302 fg. Helena. London 250. Helen and Dioscuri: Ariassus, Aka- lissos, Kadroula, Termessos 47. Helios. Bust portrait. Cidramus 51. Helmet. Perdiccas II 7. Hera, head: Elis 10. Still image: Ci- drama 51. Heraclea Lucaniae 4. Heraclea Thracum, Mint the Dioecesis Thraciarum 240 fg. Heracles, head: Alycia 40. Philip III by Mac. 40. — standing: bal- bura 46. — Vine leaves wreathed: De- metrias. Philadelphia Arabiae. 86. -— intoxicated, next to a panick and two satyın: Alexandria Tr. 85. — choking the Nemean lion: Heraclea Lucaniae 4. — on the vagina ways: Philip II v. Spain 50. Register. Envoy Ephesian Heraclitus. 211. Hereford. Ethelred II 287. Henry IIT305. Herman III v. Lip 319. Hermann v. Cologne. Bonn gold guilders 201. Herm. Mitylene 76. Hermes, standing: Balbura 46. sitting: Patara 47. — the Arkas bearing: Pheneos 7. Herodotus, ideal head. Halicarnassus 15. Hersfeld 186g. Hiadmerus. Denarii 105. Hierapolis ad Euphoria. 90. HIERVSALEM VISIO PACIS 23. Hildesheim. Denarii 105. 117. Himyar Reprints athe- African tetradrachms and dragons men 15. Hitaredenars 221. Shepherd milking a goat. Cyzieus 42. Highest. Gold guilders of Konrad II v. Mainz 199. Dog next to Pan. Bruttium. Pandosia 36. Hygiea. Chersonesus Taur. 5. J. Jaromir v. Bohemia 1595. Yaroslav Vladimirovich 108. Jda von Herford 273. Jena, Bracteates 198. Ilchester 309. Ilium 53. Imhoof Blumer, F. and Percy Gardner. Numismatic commentary on Pausanias II. III. London 1886. 1887, shown by R. Weil 334. Ingolstadt 93. 96. Joachim Frederick v. Brandenburg. Double ducats 32. Johannes Zimisces 179. 269. John v. Saxony, Friedrich and Albert-Friedrich and Georg. Dimes 200. John V. Hersfeld 187. John V. Magdeburg 198. John V. Nassau, bishop-elect v. Utrecht 316. IMARXOE. Pallantium 3. Irish coins of Henry III 313. Isaura. 48. Isis. Cius 74. Synnada 52. anniversary of the city of Rome through Me- daillen celebrated 18th

Register. K K. Coin letter from Carthage 240. emperor, at the Zebu sacrifice: Pergamum 76. — riding crowned by Nike: Viminacium 37. KANAIAOY. Neapolis Joniae 44. Charles the Elder Size. Denarii 99. 100. Charles the Elder Simple people. Cologne 297. 291. Carthage. Mint in the notitia dign. not mentioned 242. Casimir IV BC Pomerania. Stettin 194. Keary. A catalogue of English coins in the British museum. Anglo Saxon series. I, indicated by A. v. Sallet 227. Kelowvsvs, epithets of Dionysus, Attis and Marsyas 49. club Choma 46 (and Quiver:) Alycia 40. Knossos 260. KOTAMIC. Philadelphia 49. Cologne. Denarius Charles the Elder Einf. 297. — Otto- niche denarii 116. 117. 179. 281. 292. Gold guilders 201. Metz bow u. Königgrätz. Denarius of Boleslaus II | 196. Konrad v. Wittelsbach, Erzb. Mainz 221. Konrad III Archbishop of Mainz. Supreme Gold guilders 199. Conrad II v. Munster Gold guilders 199. Cross above the vexillum. Lieinius 20. Kuinre, Heinrich III 313g. Copper bracteate Heinrich’s IV 22. KV, coin letters from Kyzieus 240. Cybele. Cidyessus 52. Kydonia 261. Cyzicus, minor coin next to Nicome dia in Diocletian times only copper 243. L. L, coin letter of London 240. Lambros, P. Necrology 338, Landshut 93. 96. Langres. Denarius Charles the Elder Gr. 99. Laodicea ad Lycum. Dedication inscription 210. Laon. Denarii of Charles the Elder Gr. 99. Run 96. Leipzig. Gold guilders Albert's v. 8. 199. Leo Leoni 30. | | | | 345 Lieinius Sr. Coin with cross over the Vexillum 20. London Mint Zen 148. 249. Coin molds 20. Limburg. Denarii of Charles the Elder Gr. 99. Lincoln 305. Lip. Sterling's 317. London. Imperial coins 245fg. Ethel red II 287. 296. Henry III 305. Lion, Vortertheil: Panticapaeum 5. — Head: Samma 6. — Scalp: Apol- lonia 39. — Lioness has a boy choking. Ancyra Gal. S6. — Two one car pulling. 49. Lübeck. Friedrich’s gold guilders III 200. shillings 200. Lubik 29. Lions Apamea Ludolf v. Muenster. Wildeshauser Denarii 269. Ludwig d. Pious. Denarius 100. Louis IX v. Bavaria. Landshut 93. Louis V. Munster 277. L and LG and LVG. Coin letters from Lugudunum 240. 242. Lüneburg. Gold guilders Friedrich's III 200. Lupold v. Mainz. Erfurt Bracteate 185. Lycian dedicatory inscription 212. Lyons. Lugudundm, minor coin next to Trier, only mints copper 243. — Denarii of Charles the Elder Gr. 99 Lyra. Panticapaeum 5. Phoeis 41. | Lyttus 261. M. Macrinus 19. Alexandria Tr. 42. Mans. Envoy of Mithradates Philopator Philadelphus 209. Maesa. Nysa Cariae 83. Maestricht 106. 117. 297. Magdeburg. Ottonian denarii 116. 283. 292. — Bracteates archbishops 191 fg. — Moritzpf. 192 fg. — Municipal emergency coins 97. fg. — Commemorative coins on the siege 63 fg. — so-called chapter cliff 65 fg. Magnesia Joniae 76. Mainz. Denarii Karl's of the Gr. 99. Ottonian denarii 106. 117. 179. 284. 292. — Henry II 298. — Salary guilders 199. Malin 127. Mamaea. Magnesia Joniae 76.

346 Mask. Palaitum 3. Maslitzer, John 28. Marcianopolis 68. Maximian. London 246. 248. Maximinus. Andeda 84 (and maxi mus:) Nineveh 54. Maximinus. London 248 fg. casting molds 20. Maximus. London 250. Neapolis Jon. 44. Maximilian, guardian of Philipp the Elder Sh. Brabant Patard 224 fg. Mecklenburg 197. Meissen groschen 198. Melle. Denarii of Charles the Elder Gr. 99. Melnik 141. 134. Men, standing: Apollonia Pis. 79 ad Rhynd 80. — Beudos 50. Esbus (?) 80. Magnesia Joniae 76. — Head: Sebaste Gal. 78. — Siblia Phryg. 78. — bearded: Sebaste 80. — with that Thyrsus 81. united with Dionysus 82. — on the left hand one Ms. Nysa 83. — Healing Deity 78. identified with Sabazius 79 fg. Mnv tiauov 81. Mesembria 38. Mesico I v. Poland 108. Meta sudans 71. coin Metropolis Joniae 83. Metz. Denarius Charles the Simple 291. Mikail ibn Gafar 179. S. Me. Denarius Charles the Elder Gr. 99. Mithradates IV 219. Mithradates V Euergetes 215. Mithradates VI. Eupator 215 fg. Mithradates Chrestos 208. 218. Mithradates Philopator Philadelphus 207 fg. — Son of M. VI, Eupa- tor (Mommsen) 218. — father of M. VI, Eupator, identical to M. V, Euergetes (Reinach, v. sallet) 208 209. — Between M. VI, Eu- pator and Pharnaces to be classified (Meyer) 208. Mitylene 76. MIILETTA. Prague mint master 154. 155. Mode, village with ruins nearby from Polyrhenion on Crete 261. Mohammed ibn Ahmed 108. MOANATOPEQ. Abdera 6. Molp. Abdera 6. crescent moon, epithet. Panticapae at 5. MOYZAIOZ KAAAIKPATOYE Üidramus 52. Register. Mouzon. Denarius Charles the Elder Gr. 9. Mulhouse. Reiterbracteate 183. Mundburg 117. 283. Munich 9. Munster. Gold guilders 199. Münsterberg. Roast dish 198. coin finds, Greek: Peloponnese 7. Pstgos.A®. 'Bicilen AL. Roman: Cajazzo 203. Carbonara 203. Emmersweil 244. Garlasco 203. Medinet el Fajum 20. Pec cioli 203. Pievequinta 203. Vigatto 203. — Carolingian: 97 fg. — the Saxon-Salic period: Althöfchen 173. Bielawe 179. Borzeice 174. Brodnica 171. DBromberg 171. Chelmce 178. Gera 180. Glogau 1ll. Gnesen 169. Gniechwitz 101. Grottkau 110. Jarutschin 172. Karowane 101. Kawallen 103. Small Roscharden 166. 281. La- biseyn 177. Lacz Mill 169. Leng 178. Liegnitz 109. Maestricht 288. Magnuschewitz 172. Masters forest 285. Miniszewo 171. new courtyard at Dux 159. Obrzycko 169. Paradise 178. Parlin Colony 176. Peisterwitz 100. 113 fg. Polzin 291. Poznan 297 Psary 169. Rack joke 174. Budelsdorf 102. Santers live 288, Saulburg 288. Schim- Merau 104. Yelled 110. Tureff 190. Usez 178. Wättrisch 105. Wilowies 176. Witzmitz 285. Polish Wartenberg 110. Wongro joke 171. — Zabarovo 177. — Bracteates: Frecekle 26. Gross- honest 182. Harleshausen 159. Hof Erzebach 186. Ilmersdorf 26. Klein Vach 182 fg. Odenwald 24. Trebitz 26. Zeitz at Barby 190. — Denarii des 13th century: Brümmer blaze 273. in Osnabrückschen 278, Osterholz 278. Rentrup 276. Ribnitz 302. Plaagendrup 302. — of the 14th and 15. Youdt: Arnswalde 194. Eifel 224 fg. Guard legends 200. Güstow 201. Grünefeld 199. Wünstorf 198. — Russian sian bar: Staro Akhteebinsk 26. Coin molds 20. N n. Coin letter for 240. Nabataean royal coins 16. Nicomedia

Register. Nabburg 119. replica coins German denarii 282. 288 were not created abroad. the Sterlings of Henry III v. Eng- country 309 fg. NACVB. Prague Mint Master 153. Newucvns. Messenger of Mithradates Philopator Philadelphus 209. Neapolis camp. 35. Neapolis Joniae 43. Nero. Cidramus 52. Neuötting 96. Newcastle 307. Nezana 17. Nicaea 41. Nicomedes v. Bithynia 215 fg. Nicomedia in the leasehold of the imperial lichen coin under Galerius. (Schmidt) 257. — Nicomede Gold currency, half higher than the Roman, on the ancient Lycian based (Schmidt) 255 fg. NTLXC — Nicomedia lux civitatium (Mommsen) 243. Nicomedens. lege valente xc. (Schmidt) 253 fg. NITPOC. Stephanephor v. Colossae 52. Nike, head: Bruttium 36. — standing with apples in hand: — Thesis salonice 70. — over a four- team: Syracuse 37. Nimptsch (Henieis) denarii 168. Nineveh Claudiopolis 53. Nomus Heracleopolites.. Traian 17. Nomus Saites. Hadrian 17. Nordhausen. DBracteat. royal Beat 132. Adler bracteate 198. Nordlingen Friedrich’s gold guilders III 199 fg. Northampton 307. Norwich 307.: ©. Numonius Vaala 204. Nymphs. Augusta Traiana 39. Nysa 83. ®. Ochsas 16. Oxen in the yoke. Nineveh 54. OMERIZ Prague mint master 153. 287. 295. Otto I medallion of a hieratic pelvis 23. Strasbourg denarius DD. Otto III and Adelheid. 284. 294. 298. Otto IV Mühlhauser Bracteat 183. 105. 112. 115. 347 Otto, Duke of Bavaria. Augsburg 293. Regensburg 294. 1 Otto d. empires v. Meissen 25. Otto-Bezbriem, Duke of Prague 142 fg. Otto v. Ravensberg, Vechter denarii 273. 276. Otto prepositus. Probst v. wild Hausen (Buchenau) 269. cathedral probst v. Münster (Grote) 271. — Cathedral provost v. Osnabrück (Chau- tard) 272. — Frisian provost. (Erbstein) 272. P Palaeopolis 47. Palatia. Gigliato of Urchan-beg 57. Palatium 3. Pallantium 7. Pallanum in Pelignerland 3. Pallas, head: Alyzia 40. Athens 14. Heraclea Lucaniae 4. — Palatium 3. Stratos 40. — standing: Neapolis Jon. 44. — Nicaea 41. — Nikepho- rus: Isaura 48. — Promachus: Me- sembria 38. Pan, head: Panticapaeum 5. — ste- moving: Bruttium 36.— resting: Pan- dose 36. Panticapaeum 5. Paphlagonia’s dominion behavior nisse 215. Pontic Secundoge weight 218g. Paris. Denarii of Charles the Elder Gr. 99. Paris judgment. Alexandria. Ilium. Scep sis. Tarsos 43. Pasewalk 196. Patara 46. Pavia. Ottonian denarii 108. Pegasus flying. Alycia 40. Stratos 40. Perdiecas II v. Macedonia 7. Pergamum 76. Persephone, half-length portrait with features the younger Faustina. COyzicus 12. Perseus. Tetradrachmon of Mithr. Philop. Philad. 207. IIEPCONO. First Archon of Cidyessus 52. Perth 313. Peter. Gold denarius v. Trier 21. Horse: Perdieas II7. Titacazus 14. — Front part: Panticapaeum 5. Peidoo's death Havoaviov. Envoy a Lycian city 211. Phalasarna 261. | Pharnaces I 208. 209. 219.

348 Pheneus 7. Philadelphia Arabiae 86. Philadelphia Lydiae 48. Philip III v. Macedonia 40. Philippus and Otacilia. Marcianopolis 69. Philip Jun. Apollonia Pis. 48. Thessalonice 70. Philipp U v. Spain. Lead medal 30 Philip v. Heinsberg, Erzb. Cologne 221. PA BACCOY yo. Phoeis 41. Phoenician Re-embossing shear tetradrachms 14. Polemo I v. Pontus 11. IIOAEMON CEAEYKOY. Cidramus 52. Polish half bracteates 165 fg. 296. Pontic tetradrachms, older and Younger 219. TIP. MEEEAAEINO. Marcianopolis 69. Procuratores monetae 242. Provinciale Imperial mints Gallienus 239. nY(He)Ky(dıxmvov) 12. Pylaemenes 210. Magnesia Jon. 77. Atheni- since Quedlinburg. Ottonian denarii 117. 292. — Servatiuspfennig. Bracteate 198. R. R or ROM, Coin letters from Roma. Rathenow. Groschen 200. Recklinghausen. Siegfried v. Cologne 320. Regensburg. Denarii 95. 106. 118. 179. 293. — Municipal Minting Law 293. Regina — Royal Princess 139. Reinhold v. Dassel, Erzb. Cologne 221. Rider. Choma 46. Rhenish dynast coin 222. — Spiritual coin 221. Richard V. d. Normandy 287. Roma statues to Jupiter Capitoli nus from kings of Asia Minor and cities consecrated 209 fg. Rose on the Wildeshausen denarii, in the seal of the city 274 fg. Roxburgh 313. Rudolf v. Magdeburg 191. Rupert v. Magdeburg 191. Register. Ss | S(acva) M(oncta) N(icomedensis) 253. C. Salluius C. f. Naso, leg. propr. 213. Samanids 237. 296. zZAMMA 6. Sandon. Tarsus 89. Sarapis, standing: Cius 74. Tium 73. 75. — sitting: Cidramus 51. — with Lightning: Bizya 89. — above an eagle with lightning: Alexandria 90. Sayn 223. Scepter, only belongs to a prince th clergy 277. Scheurl, Chr. Medal 28 fg. Snake, symbol. Alycia 40. Schwalenberg 222. sc or sıs coin letters of Sis- cia 240. sp coin letters from Serdica 240. Seleucia ad Calycadnum 71. Senlis. Denarius Charles the Elder Gr. 99. Septimius Severus. Ariassus 47. Cius 14. L. Servius Rufus. Severus Alexander. 85. Cius 74. Siblia 78. Seal stamp 28. Siegfried v. Cologne. Denarius 320. Siegfried I v. Bracteates 185. Siegfried v. Herzfeld 186. Sigismund v. Tyrol. Gold guilders 199 Alexandria tr. Recklinghauser Mainz. Erfurt fg. Silenus, head. Catana 36. Simon I v. Lip 319. sIRRM. Coin letters from Sirmium 242. Sittard 225. Sixtus IV Medal 30 fg. Sobeslaus v. Lubie 121 fg. Sophie v. Quedlinburg. Geraer Brac theater 185. Southampton 308. Speier. Denarius Charles the Elder Gr. 99. Ot- tonic denarii 179. 292. Sphinx. Apollonia Lyc. 46. Ssaru-chan 27. Standards. Nineveh 54. Stargard 196. Stefili, M. Medal 28. Stendal. Bracteates 198. Zreyavnpooos. Colossae 52.

R 3. 4 4 1 1 Register. Star. Polemo I 11. Stettin 196. Stolp 196. Strasbourg. Denarii 20. 106. 117. 293. CTPATONIKIANOY. Apamea 49. Stratos 40. Straubing 96. Stymphalus 7. Sulzbach 96. Synnada 52. Syracuse 37. Syria. Roman Empire coinage 239. T T. Coin letter from Tarraco 240. Tahnbir 300. Tarraco, in the notitia dign. not called 242. Tarsus. 72. 86. 89. Tasciovanus 2. Telesphorus. Siblia 68. Temple. Cibyra 5l. Neapolis Joniae oil Tessera. 4. ©EOY EYXAPISTIA. Ochsas 16. Thessalonice 70. Thiel 105. Thuringian rider bracteates 183 fg. Titacazus 13. 49. Titus. Apollonia Pis. 48. Tium 73 TOVTO APECH TH XWPA. Ulzebas. 17. TR. Coin letters from Trier 240. Traian. Antioch 89. Nineveh 53. Traianopolis 88. Traiana Augusta 39. Traianopolis 39. 88. Trebonianus gallus. Cius 74. Vimi nacium 38. Treptow an d. Rega 196. Trier. Gold denarius 20 fg. Denarius 105. T.S. Coin letters from Thessalo nica 240. Tuna 300. Tyche. Antiochus IX 17. 53. Antioch Pis. 71. Colossae 62. Palaeopolis 47. Titakazus 13. 49. - ordered by the emperor wreaths: Seleucia ad Calycadnum 71. — and Artemis Ephesia: Colossae 52. — and Zeus Nikephorus: Nea- polis Jon. 34. U. overprinting of Philip's coins II or III of Macedonia Alyzia 40. | | Ulrich v. Bohemia 299. Ulrich v. Wettin 25. | Ulzebas 17. | Urchan-beg. Gigliato 27. Usedom 196. Vv. Vaballathus. Title 330 fg. Duration the reign in Egypt 332. Valerianus. Alexandria Tr. 85. Cius 14. Tire 72. Vechta 273. 274. 276. Vendome. Denarius Charles the Elder Gr. 100. Q. Veranius. Cibyra 51. Verdun. Karl’s denarii d. Gr. 100. Heinrich's I 106. 281. Verona. Ottonian denarii 108. 295. L.Verus. Nicaea 41. square, deepened: Axus 11th — with Font: Apollonia 39. — with picture: Perdiecas II 2. Samma 6. Four-horse team, Syracuse 37. Viminacium. Medallion Gordian 37. Trebonian 36. Vogtei coins 278 fg. Volusian. Neap. Jon. 44, Volcano head. Palatium 3. W. Wallingford 308. Wede 301. Dedication inscriptions king of Asia Minor some and cities on bases from Statues of the Roma, initiated by the first mithridatic war 209 fg. Wendepfennige 109. 112. 179. 287. 294. 298. Wenceslas I v. Bohemia 158. Widekind v. Osnabruck. Wiedenbrücker Denarii 276. Aries at the feet of Hermes. Patara on. Wiedenbrück 276. Wildeshausen, provost 362 fg. Counts Heinrich and Burghard 275. 276. William V. Jülich, Mühlheimer Gold guilder 201. Wilton 308. Winchester. Ethelred II 287. Hein- rich III 308. Wishegrad. Denarii of Beleslaus III 156. Wizlav II v. Complaints 194. Vladivoi v. Bohemia 155. Wolf, Tobias 28.

350 She-wolf with twins (?). Ancyra Gal. 87. Wolgast 196. Wollin 197. Worms. Ottonian denarii. 284. 293. Worv? English mint city 309. Würzburg. Ottonian Denarii. 118 293. @ York. Ethelred II 296. Henry III 309. Register. Z Zeus, head: Arkader 9. Choma 46. Elis Sfg. Gordiutichus 44. — Aetophoros: Philip III v. Mace donien 40. Traianopolis 8. — Nikephoros: Araxa 45. Isaura 48. — of Phidias, enthroned: Elis 10. Zijarids 296. Zoilus 86. Zwolle. Anglici 216. Gold guilders Frederick III 200. Printed by W. Pormetter in Berlin.

NEGOTIATIONS THE NUMISMATIC SOCIETY TO BERLIN. 188%.

L

Meeting of January 3rd. Following the advice delivered at the last meeting speaking of the Moselle coin and monetary history, which in Lamprecht's German economic history in the Middle Ages contained in it, Mr. Menadier highlighted that in the same work (I. 2. 1441-1481) given representation of the Archbishop of Trier financial management. In the same it is taught that after the conversion of the old Carolingian administrative offices Master chef and chamberlain in hereditary honorary positions and would, the already before the middle of the 13th century completed, initially spiritual general receptors at the top the administration have already confessed that in addition to these under Archbishop Heinrich (1260-1286) Jewish bankers have gained influence on the same, and Archbishop Baldwin instead of the spiritual gentlemen several Decades of Jewish financial minister namely 1323-1336 the Muskin, 1336-1341 Jacob Daniels, 1341—1349 whom Michael ordered that ultimately lich this around the middle des 14th century as a result of the Persecution of Jews disappear again and the financial administration has been taken care of by spiritual pension masters since 1353. After the The invoices received form this Jewish management team was provided with a Jewish chancellery and Hebrew books led to the high point in Trier's financial history the strong capital power and the large monetary credit that the Jewish houses were made available to the administration. Because while the total budget 1250 according to Lamprecht’s calculation 480,000 marks (in today's money and at today's purchasing price) by virtue of the same) fraud, the archbishops Heinrich and Boemund (1260-1299) 4,000,000 m., d. h. 100,000 M annually. Archbishop was only able to round off the territory 1%

a Baldwin lent 3,150,000 marks to the empire in 1316, and should the annual budget of 1339 at a witnessed edition of 810,000 marks for the archbishop's household and a separate presumably Effort for that country from 200000 M. against 1200000 M have. This financial strength is for them Training of the territory Trier had a significant influence been. That a similar development in some way another territory of the German Empire with the same Accuracy will prove let, is hardly to expect But Lamprecht is certainly not wrong in saying that he is an influence of Jews on financial administration in other territories as well accepts and evidence of traces thereof is requested. One monumental Rest the same at least can the coin Research can be found in a denarius belonging to the Bishop of Würzburg Otto von Lobdeburg (1207-1223), who was on the downside Word in Hebrew script, namely not Jehovah, like Mader (critical contribution 5. 237. 72) suspected, but, like Mr stud. Stern proved the speaker's name Jehiel, undoubtedly that of the mint master, carries and with it Judaism testified to the same. Of course this is Jewish Master of the Jewish coin for more than a century Trier's finance ministers are separate, but it is still a matter with him one similar process and is allowed early Appearance of a Jew in such a high position, especially in spice Castle is all the less noticeable as it is still preserved according to identification Certificates (about what to compare: Heffner, The Jews in Franconia. Rosenthal, history of property in Würzburg. H. Bresslau, On the history of the Jews, in Benzian's Hebrew Bibliography. 1870. X. 43 fg.) a Jew Jacob as early as 1119 and his wife left two to the Neu-Münster Abbey in W Farmsteads with a house acquired under inheritance law has, 1169 A house is confirmed for the Jew Walther, from which he Cathedral Chapter interest, In 1170 the Jew Samuel sent a message to the Jewish people The place bordering the school is given out in 1180 by Count Ekhard a Jewish neighbor because of the window right out- each other and the Jew Samuel von Rotenburg his for 100 M. The house he bought with silver was given as a fief to Saint Kilian,

nn 1181 the Jew Samson undertakes the one given to him by the cathedral Chapter-awarded house no windows overlooking the Walther's neighboring house, 1184 Vives and Sara her house to Saint Kilian, in 1188 the Bishop Gotfried Jews Meier the possession of a house next to the episcopal one Curie confirms that in 1189 the Jews Jacob and Viskelin founded a court buy and another gives his house to Saint Kilian, In 1197 Vives bought a farm from which he donated the church annually 30 pfennigs interest, 1200 Nathan his rights to a property that was lost to him seized house in the $. Georgstrasse to his relatives buys, 1206 Sarah as a neighbor of the Christian Herold at the market is mentioned, 1212 Joseph purchases a house on Gerberstrasse, In 1212 two Jewish streets are mentioned and a Nathan master's degree Judaeorum and finally a piece from Süsskind vom Trimberg in 1218 Land at the hospital of Saints Aegidius and Theodoric receives. The Würzburg mint master Jechiel but by no means stands isolated there. Rather, we encounter (apart from from the Polish coins) a Hebrew transcription also on one the tower bracteates of the Nossen find (Thomsen, VII. 7380 a.), one Lion bracteates des Duke Bernhard v. Saxony (Erbstein, the Trebitz coin find, 4), as well as in later on a tower bracteate from the Sarbske find (Z.£.N. XII, T. 12, 110), and we are certainly not mistaken if we also assume Jewish mint masters for this. Furthermore we meet a Jew named Shlom, the Duke Leo pold V of Austria via the mint of Wiener-Neustadt set, known from two documents from the years 1194 and 1195, in which the Formbach Monastery complains about damage to assets complained about by the same and Duke Friedrich I in favor of monastery decides; and that: the Babenbergs also in the following decades Jewish finance men, whose one, Named Techan, born to Duke Leopold on June 6, 1225- lich the one concluded at Grätz with King Andrew of Hungary Peace gave guarantee for 2000 M. silver, and from them the Annals $. Rudb. Salisb. (Mon. Serm. II, 9, 786) for the year 1235 report: “Dux Austriae consilio Judeorum terram Austria clausit nec per terram vel aquam annonam in partes superiores

Nope ire permisit”, have often used them in the same positions, arises from a document dated June 5, 1239, in which Duke Frederick II to the citizens from Wiener Neustadt ver- speaks, from now on no Jew will be given such an office in Neustadt to order, which could burden the citizenry (v. Meiller, Regesten z. Gesch. d. Margr. u. Herz. Oesterr. u. d. Babenberg House. pp. 76, 77, 136, 158), as well as from the fact that the Jewish brothers Lublinus and Nekelo in a document of the year 1257 as comites camerae illustrissimi ducis austriae (Meichelbeck, hist. Frisingensis II, 2, 23, cf. Bresslau loc. cit.). A second discussion of the speaker was for the city Sinzig. Same was originally the main town one the largest imperial fisci, as such one of the emperors many times visited the Palatinate and therefore the mint.e In 1065 it was but they are separated from the surrounding district and the ore Bishop Adalbert of Bremen given; from Bremen In 1152 it returned to the empire called villa regia, but a century later they were alienated from the empire again and in the time of 1267 Awarded alternately to Cologne and Jülich until 1336: received in 1367 The House of Isenburg-Wied made it a fief and in 1376 it fell to Berg. After this separation of the Palatinate, the royal legal treasury a new administration required and the same through the founding of the two burgraviates of Hammerstein and Landskron created. The latter very soon became one Archiepiscopal Trier official converted; the hammer Steiner burgraves against, temporarily to the most respected Ministerial of the empire, knew dynastic rights to win and therefore also exercised the right to mint. A Sterling and various tournoses of Count Wilhelm von Isenburg-Wied (Grote, coin studies VIL) and Tournosen the Burgrave Johann IV of Hammerstein (1338—1357), his son William (1357—1419) in community with Ludwig V (1337-1362) (Bl. f. Mfr. 1881, 697), as well as those with the under- font: WILLEM BORCG’VE (Z.£. N. X, 231) have been around for a long time known as coins of this area. With great probability but is known to them as a much older coin of Sinzig origin

SE 11th century denarius (Dbg. 1238) with a Cross on one side and the name of Saint Peter to connect to the other side, as the coin is according to the factory is of Rhenish origin and did not go to Cologne or Trier. hears that the chapel of the Palatinate of Sinzig was dedicated to Peter. Mr. Dannenberg placed two unedited Mecklenburg ones Witten: a Güstrower and one of the Dukes of Mecklenburg castle. The former has CIVITAS COMINVS on the back; around To interpret this, one must be aware of the frequent interchange of the C with D and the equally common declination errors remember and then receives CIVITAS DOMINI according to the usual CIVITAS :DNI:D. WERLE. The second piece is more important with MONETA DVCVM the buffalo head with MAGNOPO LENSIVM around the cross with a griffin head in each Angle. Its importance is evident from the fact that it comes from the from the beginning of the 15th century, at least around 80 years the oldest written coins of Mecklenburg dukes, those of preceded by Magnus and Balthasar; just a denarius with NI ... DVX, if really from Niklot, it would be even older. Lord of Sallet thought one most valuable things bestowed upon Sr. Imperial and Royal Highness the Crown Prince, two, it seems, still completely unknown double ducats the Brandenburg elector Joachim Friedrich from 1604 and Georg Wilhelm from 1620. Mr. von der Heyden showed a Friedrichsdor the presence our emperor in Düsseldorf in 1819 been coined and on the main page within the surrounding area writing: 'Friedrich Wilhelm III King V. Prussia” the breast image of the king, on the reverse side the seven-line inscription: "E. W. L. Welcome, dear king's son to the Düssel 1819" carries. Those too Coin minted in silver is the oldest, which bears the name of the emperor. Mr. Weil gave an overview that one Images des Praxiteles, which ones appear on coin images. The often has a spoken coin from Cnidos with the standing Aphrodite result, which one of the old Aphrodite types on the famous one Knidian statue goes back. In addition, there are now gradually more

en a whole number other works by the artist proven, which only survives in the coin images, Eros in Parion, Dionysus in Elis, the group of Leto and Chloris in Argos, Leto with Apollo and Artemis in Megara and the Artemis of Antikyra. They give unambiguous testimony how much in the Greek municipalities of the imperial period these works of art were respected. meeting on February 7th. Mr. Dannenberg took from the essay of the Lord Dr. Sello “Jaczo, the conqueror of Brandenburg, his double Jaczo von Cöpenick and his opponents Archbishop Wichmann and Margrave Albrecht the Bear” in Nos. 44-47 of the supplement to “Magdeburger Zeitung” from 1885 gave rise to the much-publicized to come back to the spoken Jakza question. It is true that, as the author of this essentially polemical article explains leads, many. The few writers are uncritical and fantastic weak features of the historical Jakza through arbitrary additions did to one complete Pictures spruced up have, in whom you the certified hardly still able to recognize. According to our later, but contemporaneous sources (the tractatus de urbe Brandenburgensi by Henry of Antwerp and the chronica Brandenburgensis). after the death (1150) of the last Heveller prince (formerly Przibislaw) on the farm of his widow Petrissa, who was taken over by her Heirs placed Albrecht the Bear in possession of his capital city of Brandenburg set, Heinrich’s relative (avunculus) And Jakza, who had come up with a great army, conquered the city through bribery on brought himself; later (1157) however Albrecht, supported by the Magdeburg Archbishop Wich- man, took back the city. Ours is limited to that all knowledge. It was now probably justified if Mader the first Jakza coins discovered around 80 years ago, Brak played with JAKZA DE COPNIG, this relative of Heinrich- Przibislaw's settled. Against this Mr. Sello objects. But the same is probably only based on the fact that ours ged. Chronicles refer to him as “dux Poloniae” (“Prineipans tunc in Po-

lonia') and that the name Jakza occurs more often. But the latter is not an independent reason, and Polonia is certainly not within such a narrow geographical limit here take that not also in the Mittelmark and Lusatia ruling prince not subject to German influence could be understood by this. But if that is correct, So the probability speaks more for than against the identity of the historical with the coin Jakza. Because we have a silent and six written bracteates from him. That's a lot when we think about how rare the coins are his contemporary and neighbor Otto the Rich of Meissen still are, and how rare until the great find by Michen- village that was founded by Albrecht the Bear and his son Otto I. were untaken. After that we have to look at the coin Jakza think of a powerful ruler, just like the chronicles us the prince represent, the “valido exereitu congregato” (“manu valida”) was used to replace Brandenburg. Kö- penik, which is mentioned on five of these coins, can only be ours Köpenik on be the Spree, which is hardly something for a coin connoisseur needs to be mentioned. What's closer now? than that this one Jakza, even if not kinship him inheritance rights on Heinrich’s Land given would have, after his death to bring the countries bordering his territory into his power should have been looking for? An argument in favor of Mr. Sello's Contested identity may also be provided by the imagined Michen- dorf find, which is among more than 1,800 Brandenburg coins by Henry, Albrecht and Otto I did not find a single Jakza holds; understandable, because Jakza According to a document, he was a bishop Wilmar's of Brandenburg from 1161, as long as he owned Brandenburg was still a pagan and could not have accepted Christianity until 1157 at the earliest. have taken, according to a well-known set of experiences only from then on, probably after Michendorfer was buried treasure, have coined. This means that the only certified one is correct News of the discovery of Jakza coins near Dahsau (Wohlau district) has delivered a small number of discovered treasures. The speaker also discussed the beginnings of the pre- Henry the Lion and placed a copy of it

BR rare half-bracteates with the legend HEINRICVS PVER before, the during of minority of the Duke shaped been. Mr. Menadier produced an impression of a penny, which on one side according to transcription Saint Kilian under a half-body Gothic portal above the Utrecht shield and on the other within the inscription: MONETA NOVA SIT BENEDICT bears the Burgundian shield. The- The same turns out to be a fraudulent copy of the trademark tinsgroschen of the Utrecht bishop David of Burgundy (1457 — 1496), those he in the coin images except for the silver one Shield base, which resembles the heraldic mark of bastardhood, with which the episcopal coat of arms is placed on the real penny is provided. The inscription on the reverse side is from the book gende: MONETA NOVA EPIS TRAIECTEN, which is the model wears, and others like: BENEDICTVM SIT NOMEN DEI to- patched together, and with an unmistakable malice, there the coin is of extremely low value. Saint Kilian is here- against not yet to explain and with it the Lord also borrower who is to be blamed for the present fraud. A second print, the same one Speakers showed, was taken from a Frankish denarius from the 11th century, which comes from a coin find in Mr. Alexi's possession, The coin, which has one side turned to the right head turned and a church portal on the other has already been made known several times (Berl. Bl. 11: 19.8 Thomsen 11953, magazine. f. Numbers XII, 398 and 487), but has as a result of the defective Conservation of the transcriptions so far cannot be determined. The new piece also leaves the The transcription of the reverse side is puzzling, but it is all the more clear can be read on the main page S. GEORGIUS. This is one given a firm purpose, because among the few spiritual ones Foundations of which St. George is chosen as patron Only the diocese of Bamberg was considered as a coinage ruler. traditional costume that was created in honor of King Henry I in 1007 the Mary, Peter and the holy martyrs Kilian and George has been donated. Kilian, whose head is a Bamberg man

I The denarius of the find from Kawallen (Dbg. 867) is the Georg is at your side as an equal here too. to- this denarius is the same the oldest coin among all which Bear the name and image of St. George. In third place the speaker placed the work of Dr. G. Jacob: The Nordic-Baltic trade the Arab in the Middle Ages (Leipzig, G. Böhme 1887), the first of which was the Pages 29-71 comprehensive section dedicated to coin finds is. Strangely, the author emphasizes the importance of Reports on the external circumstances of the find to those found descriptions that could always be made while Experience teaches us every day the unfortunate nature of such an approach, and just as strangely waived him because of the big ones Dissipation of the material and those threatening such work danger, through further discoveries soon to be overtaken, to combine the existing as completely as possible and in print to hold on, and satisfied he deal with it, individual picked up compiling notes. Instead of this branch for all time to create a solid foundation for research that will continue from now on would be easier to complete, he works with one himself extremely incomplete material and arrives as a result, many- often lead to incorrect results. Had author instead of the recording attention the Greenlander and North Americans in Kufic To make coin discoveries active, to make inquiries in Oldenburg. pulled, he would the occurrence of dirhems for the lower have not denied the Dutch-Hanoverian coast. Would be he those provided by Virchow and Schwartz in places that are quite accessible displayed Finds in poses, Silesia and Bohemia gone, he would hardly to the strange view it is enough that, apart from the Daugava, the Vistula is the connection road from the south to the Baltic Sea, the Oder towards against only from the mouth upwards to around Frankfurt drive on been be, and the exact one Perspective the finds would have shown him that they were together with the Kufics Western coins found do not all belong to the death symbol years before Conrad's II, but also that denarii He- rich’s II are represented among them. Also encounter other things

Be we seem strange to some people. That's how it will be despite Soetbeer’s after- knows that Charlemagne's coinage reform was the one in question Arabic in time and is prepared by the Pipin's, held on to the possibility that the Arab coinage had a decisive influence on the being, namely should the reform Charles undertook to prevent the intrusion of Muslims to prevent coins from entering Christian countries; so the barbarians will imitations of dirhems through a trade in coins plates explained and the question is raised, whether the city Bulgarian in the interior of Russia their coins in Samarkand or Elsewhere I have had it beaten, like Egypt recently in Berlin. A progress is therefore regarding the coin finds through the writing was not won. Mr. Weil spoke about some of Skopa's sculptures in copies found on coin types; for the representation of Atalanta attacking the boar, on imperial coins from Tegea, will, As the speaker explains, it can be assumed that that the same belongs to the middle group of the east gable on the temple Athena Alea corresponds. Meeting of March 7th. Mr. Lawerenz put a number of medals on the 200- annual celebration the Frankfurt University (1706) before. The Viadrina, founded in 1506 by the Elector of Branden- Castle Joachim I, was founded by Pope Julius II and the Emperor Maximilian I confirmed. The solemn one Inauguration found on April 36 of the same year instead. The first rector was Prof. theol. Conr. Wimpina, who on command of the Elector Institution based on the model of the Leipzig general studies had to judge. One of the first students in Frankfurt was I know Ulrich von Hutten, which one his teacher Rhagius had followed there. However, both went to Leipzig as early as 1507. The violent outburst the plague caused soon afterwards End of lectures. After the institution reopened had been, she dragged herself along with difficulty. — Only that Prof. Georg Sabinus, who has held the chair since 1538 for poetry and eloquence and the Joachim II

appointed rector, managed to raise the reputation of the Viadrina bring. But after Sabinus was appointed rector in 1544 had gone uphill, Joachim I's creation fell into disrepair more. The great elector reinstated the university status to be able to fulfill their humanistic task. He furnished they have plenty of money, founded the great Brandenburg Scholarship and contributed the sum of 1000 Thlr to book purchases. annually. It fell into the reign of King Frederick I the 200th anniversary. Friedrich decided with his court state to appear at the celebration in Frankfurt and on April 24th In 1706 he moved, accompanied by the princes and princesses of the royal house there with great pomp. To this one No fewer than 10 medals have been minted on this occasion, from those the speaker 9 in very good original copies plaren showed. — The tenth was printed in a collotype education presented. It is interesting because it comes from What happens is that Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm (later King Friedrich Wilhelm I) from the University of Oxford to his doctorate. jur] received a doctorate is. — The obverse shows the armored one Bust portrait des Crown Princes with the transcription: Frid(ericus) Wilh(elmus) Regni Et El(ectoratus) B(randenburgici) Haer(es). The reverse contains the inscription in 19 lines: In | Doctorem | Juris | Promotus | Oxonii | Cum | Duce De Bedford | Committee A Pleymouth | Baronibus de Spanheim | Granen Et Granville | Thu- mino Bonet Equite Baronetto | Et Quator Nobilibus | Senioribus | Parliamentary Assessor bus | Cum Encaenia Secularia | Celebrate | ACaDeMia FranCofUrtana. Mr. Weil spoke about the representations of Apollo the coins of Alexandria Troas and stated, that under to distinguish the same are the cult image of Apollo Smin theus and a completely different image of Apollo, in which a copy of the statue from Skopas is available. Lord of Sallet gave a brief overview about the Acquisitions of the royal collection in the past years. Under the big ones number more excellent Greek There were a number of large pieces of silver among the coins from Elis, from one made in the Peloponnese a few years ago

Find, its composition and degree of preservation proves that in the time of Epaminondas, around 370 BC. BC, so during the flowering period of Praxiteles, in Olympia the older one, Phidiassian Zeus ideal with short hair and short beard the more modern one with long flowing beard and head hair made. The other more important pieces among the new acquisitions The speaker already has most of the museum's training over the past year in the meetings the business presented by the company, more detailed description and illustration can be found will hold the next issue of the Journal for Numismatics. Mr. Menadier put down a small Count's Diepholz Bracteates of the 15th century, which the coin collection of Ducal Museum in Braunschweig owns, in print. Same carries the same that of Grote (Münzstud. 4. 9. 2) issued denarius, the cross-split Diepholz shield a lion above and an eagle below within a dashed edge. It is based on the simultaneous Lower Saxony bracteates shaped and is a new teaching rich example of the peculiar coin operation the count, all of their coins faithful imitations any one are of a closer or more distant foreign type of coin. | Furthermore discussed the speaker the review des Mr. Bardt about his treatise on Croppenstädt, in which the same is true for the determination of the semi-bracteates with the fonts +SVTREBLEDA and S.VITVS as a Croppenstadt resident agrees, against it on the declaration the bracteates, on those Albrecht the bear next to the Bishop Ulrich or appears to Saint Stephen, as bailiwick coins and documented the unsustainability the same from new. Although be it not unheard of, that monastery bailiffs exercise their powers in such a way exceeded and violent expanded had, that them themselves into the enjoyment of coinage law set (which, by the way in the treatise not denied), rather through numerous Documents and coins themselves are unequivocally proven for everyone, but it is always about abbeys like Helmstedt, Ganders- home, Quedlinburg (Gera), Pegau, Hersfeld (Arnstadt, Cölleda), Nordhausen, Eschwege, Herford, Limburg, Rheinau, and not in

VER In a single case the same could be presented for a diocese. do, since the supposed Münster bailiwick denarius has long been another applicable provision found have, and the Burggrave Magdeburg coins are also not above all There can be no doubt: the governor of a diocese has one took a different position towards the spiritual rule, as the bailiff of an abbey. In addition, the people of Halberstadt are standing Albrecht the Bear's guardianship is not only not completely un- testified to this, but also to us the Grand Bailiffs (the advo- cati maioris domus, advocates maiores, advocates summi, advocates Halberstadenses) in the Lords of Suselitz for the whole Duration of the twelfth century and beyond documented testifies, namely Beringerus I for the years 1114—1121, Werner I 1123-1164, Ludolf I 1174-1202, Werner II 1212, Theodoricus 1212-1232, next to those or about those for There is no place at all for Albrecht as Vogt. Against the documents would be it just then possible, the coins to lead into the field, if they represent the lawyer unambiguously, that is, through the title proven in the inscription: However, since this does not exist, one must inevitably follow the documents and after one another explanation of the coins. Mr. Dannenberg presented a selection of beautiful Greek, especially Great Greek and Sicilian styles, from Cam- pania, naples, Taranto, Metapontum, Bruttii, Locri Epizephyrii, Rhegium, Terina, Agrigento, Panormus, Selinus, Syracuse, Tauro- menium, Queen Philistis, etc. Mr. Alexi spoke about the cross on Magdeburg Brak- teaten. The endless series of Moritzpfennigen, Magdeburgs The entire bracteate impression, spanning 300 years, stands namely a number of pfennigs from Wichmann's time to Albert opposite, whose coin image shows a building, in whose portal or center there is a cross, and theirs Transcription — usual “Sant. Mauricius, Magdeburgensis, Albertus* or less common “Beneditta Madburgum, Wernerus civitas* — Magdeburg referred to as a mint. This Cross, probably borrowed from the Moritz flag, steps on the penny Albert’s (f 1234) so much in the foreground, that it as

N The coat of arms is to be addressed, as is the archbishopric Coat of arms, “the cross in the flag and shield of St. Moritz” in the second half of the 13th century on the chapter seal ad causas and a scholastic seal from 1297 (Efr. Erath. T. XXX, N. 16.) appears. However, that an earlier one coat of arms, d. h. took place before the year 1257, shows the seal of Ruprecht von Querfurt, the dean and scholastic and later archbishop (cfr. v. Mülverstedt, Middle Ages. Seal Magdeburg); here the patron saint already bears the coat of arms shield of the seal leader, the Querfurter shield - this custom the higher clergy is only with an arch pen. pre- form compatible. Meeting of April 4th. Mr. Menadier discussed initially the ones entitled to coins Selz Abbey in Alsace. Same go back to one Certificate of Emperor Otto III from the year 993, in which this the abbot permitted “faciat mercatum et monetam publicam.... superscriptione utriusque monetae Argentinensis et Spirensis praefiguratam” (Schoepflin, Als. displ. 172) and became the abbey 1145 confirmed by Konrad Ill in the way that “moneta ibi- dem cuderetur, quae utriusque civitatis imaginem et titulum sine ulla ponderis et puritatis diminutione praeferret” (Schoepfl. 282). Sure are they have also been exercised, as determined from the last document shows the through the ban the seltzer Coins on the part of the Bishop of Strasbourg been initiated. Angel (et Lehr. numismatique de l'Alsace) concluded out them that the Selzer coins on one side the Speierer and on the other had the Strasbourg stamp, and explained a half-bracteate with the picture a lily within the romanization SPIRENSIS for one based on this regulation shaped Selzer coin. Since a similar coin, which on one side a church building with a lily in the portal, on the other the bust of a clergyman carries palm and crook, on the latter the “abbas vene” rabilis” shows the letter AVAV to be resolved, then both belong probably belonging to an abbey that coined the Speyer currency,

Re I So either Weissenburg or Selz. The one given by angels However, the Mint strongly contradicts the explanation, because- seen from the fact that they have the name of one and the image of one would unite another exemplary genre on one side, if man at all the lily than the Strasbourgs view should, the lily is over for the middle of the 12th century cannot be proven as a Strasbourg emblem at all and in any case- if not the mint image of the Strasbourg coins. to- but that is also the case the interpretation of the documents is incorrect, in which Hanauer is also wrong, because it is an impossible demand, that a coin depends on its value and external appearance according to two different and independent coins areas should be connected. Continuously will upon granting of the coin right to a minor prince the connection to only a currency is prescribed and the connection is carried out Attachment of the name denotes. If Selz with consideration on its location on two currencies pointed out will, can represent By this it should only be understood that it should be entitled to coins to mint both in one currency and in the other. And that privilege is actually handled in this way can be seen from sentence 4 of the Selzer Schöppenbrief from 1313 (Grimm, Weisth. 1, 762-24), which says: “The Scheffen also shares that there is an abbot of the cloister in Selse and slan süle fourde half must daz linen daz are Selsbur- gladly, Strasburgers, Spiresse rheinninge and Biegesse Schilbe- lings zu rehte.” This led to a similar misunderstanding of the character of the coin the speaker then presents Friedensburg’s view (archive for Bracteate Science 166), according to which the spiritual symbols on the Silesian bracteates of the 13th century in Ver- to bring about a bond with the works of some spiritual foundations pensions received from ducal mints and the Tithe due to the Breslau bishop throughout the country also from the coin, and for this income or taxes special coins should be minted, as is currently the case in England the Anglo-Saxons special coins with the inscription: SCI PETRI coined MO(neta) in order to bring him to Rome 2

URL standing Peterspfennig to pay. The fact that the English The gift was paid in their usual money, teaches the 1883 im Treasure of 830 English mortals raised at the Temple of Vesta in Rome lines and five foreign coins, the de Rossi rightly for declared a Peterspfennig and that the aforementioned Yorker Nothing to do with S. Peter has in common in Rome, but the Bears a name in honor of the canton saint of York, teaches a exact counterpart with the inscription: SCI MARTI(ni moneta) (cf. Hawkins, The silver coins of England. p. 99)'). For those German payments to Rome is in this relationship the Quedlinburg document from 1187 should be observed. How after this one testimonials for the Peterspfennig, are certainly also for other church taxes no special ones Coins shaped been. However, such a possibility is even less likely given for pension benefits. Just as little as today's state its various payments in different coinages payments, the medieval mint master had so little, around the payment obligations to obey his master, different pennies minted, depending on a spiritual or secular gentleman, a Jewish or Christian man who is a believer biger or a pensioner. The third discussion by the same speaker focused on the two schen to Archbishop Burchard of Magdeburg and the noble Lord Albert von Barby 1315 closed for the sake of the coin bear, and the proof that Mr. von Mülverstedt's interpretation, that Mr. von Barby minted Magdeburg pfennigs is obliged, involves an error, and that the contract rather it was about the Magdeburg money within the archbishopric and neighboring countries to ensure unhindered circulation Mr. von Barby for a pension of 36 pounds maid. Pfnn. or 14 Mark Stend. Silver on your own embossing in Barby, Schönebeck and every other place under his rule to renounce, as in the same way in 1317 Egeln between Archbishop Burchard and the nobles Gardun, The contract concluded by Otto, Werner and Otto von Hadmersleben 1) See also the now published: Catalog of English coins in the british museum. Anglo-Saxon series I by Ch. Fr. Keavy, 8. 239.

A IB [10 express the latter's renunciation of minting Egeln and them only regarding the matter in the Halberstadt diocese Let Hadmersleben have freedom. There is a moment in it the firmer one Training of territorial rule on the part of ore monastery to recognize as they did at the same time in the Margraviate of Meissen took place and in the same measures on the part of the margrave their expression found have, the under others 1319 the burgrave from Meissen forced which was designed for the county of Hartenstein in Lössnitz. exercised the right to waive coins. In the same way be also probably the standstill that occurred at the same time in the count's naked Burg-Regenstein and Wernigerodian mints in Hal- to explain the Berstadt area in which the Croppen- Stedter coin acquired by the diocese from the Corveier abbot be. Also show yourself in it maybe already a consequence of Appearance of the Prague and Thuringian groschen, opposite them the little gentlemen no longer used their coinage rights in a useful way able to exploit it in a way and to replace it were found all the more readily. Mr. von Sallet published the richly illustrated catalog of the famous Ponton d’Am6court collection before which only contains Roman gold coins, including the greatest rarities and Unica, all in immaculate condition. The one from the big one Parisian company Rollin and Feuardent on the 25th of this year. M. instead- The catalog issued at the auction contains almost all of them Coins from the collection, approximately a thousand pieces, in excellent condition successful light printing and thus becomes a very useful General handbook for collectors of Roman coins. Mr Richard von Kaufmann, through a stroke of luck, A very interesting silver item that he acquired by chance Seal from 1501. — Powerful effect in spreading of humanism in Germany with two at the end of the 15th century. Century founded learned societies, which, in addition to the established teaching staff at the universities, were intended to the achievements of the dawning new era to convey to an educated lay audience: the Rhenish one sodalitas literaria and those on the Danube. Their tireless supporter 9#

a and guide was the poet Conrad Celtes, the bold wanderer apostle of humanism, which alongside the holy seriousness and the Enthusiasm for his great cause, cheerfulness and pleasure-seeking never ran out. Emperor placed under the leadership of Celtes Maximilian that he founded in 1501 based on the Danube Society The “College of Poets and Poets” was established by the Society and the University Mathematician” who was given the task of “the eloquence of the to “restore an earlier time”; the college received this Privilege, the students of poetry and oratory, after strict exams to be crowned poets. On an extremely rare, Albrecht Dürer, wrongly attributed, woodcut of this sigen copper engraving cabinets are the insignia pictured, the Maximilian Celtes on the occasion of the establishment of the “collegium poetarum”. They are the 1. a scepter, which is significant enough, crowned by the imperial eagle, can be found on its shaft the Elector's coat of arms; 2. a ring; 3. a hat; 4. a gold those laurel wreath, in the middle of which the imperial eagle under the Imperial crown with Apollo and Mercury as coat of arms; 5. a Seal. Pieces 1-4 are still kept in Vienna, that from Original gift given to Emperor Maximilian Conrad Celtes The seal is that presented by Mr. von Kaufmann. The pre- supporting pointed out the great interest that is based on this significant monument to one of the most striking sections of the story of humanism ties. A piece that comes from the hand of the most important monarch that period into the of the most brilliant poet of the same. — Mr. von Kaufmann continued to submit facsimile prints of that alleged Dürer sheet and a simultaneous woodcut by Burgkmair, which, always decorated with the aforementioned insignia, Portraits of Celtes shows. The seal itself bears the inscription on the impression surface. Writing “sigillum collegii po&tarum viennae”, in the middle of which is Apollo and Mercury under the imperial eagle. On the handle of the pet business is, next to the well-known monogram from Celtes, too read: Chun. Celtis anno M. D. et Pri. Mr. Alexi spoke about something as yet unspecified Pfennig, which is often found in finds from the Baltic Sea countries (d. 1050) is included (Grote, Bl. f. Mzk.II, p. 335, Dannenberg, d. German.

201 CL Coins, 8,481), the reverse of which reads “MAGADEDVIS” Magdeburg (?) and whose main page “IARDWVNCI”* Hartwig was read, while Archbishop Hartwig (1079-1102) did not in the time of discovery fit; a sharp specimen shows however BARD...., also BARDWIINCI - and therefore gives the first numismatic evidence of the venerable Bardewick. The nominal There is nothing striking about the combination of two city names, “Magde” “burg” in this case would mean the currency, like c. p. Santa Colonia on pennies from Remagen, Corvei, Fritzlar, Minden, Paderborn and Soest. Mr. Dannenberg sat the meeting the ancient one Coins his collection continued and provided the explanation Originals before, among those beautiful copper coins from Oherso- nesus Taurica, silver coins from Larisa, Sicyon, Cnidus, Smyrna, by Antigonus Gonatas, Pyrrhus, Nicomedes of Bithynia, the Pergamene royal series, who always issued their coins with the Name of the founder Philetaerus, by Amyntas of Galatia, Antiochus I, III, Demetrius II and other Syrians Kings, finally two very beautiful gold staters from Philip II from Macedonia and his son Alexander the Great should be highlighted. Meeting of May 2nd. Mr. Dannenberg reported about three in this and Finds of German coins made last year 10th and 11th centuries. The youngest, close at poses in last February dug up, contained only 25 except for Herzog Ulrich of Bohemia (1012-1037) handed down coins, but about 920 grams of hacksilver. Numismatic more significant is the one raised last summer near Polzin in Pomerania, by two big ones collars and something Hacksilver accompanied Treasure of approximately over 200 coins associated with Otto III Imperial complete time, while the oldest a Metz denarius from King Charles is, according to conventional wisdom from Charles the fat one, but more correctly probably from Charles the Simple, who as king of Lotharingia, the city from 912-923 in possession had. As usual the older finds, that's how they were too

AM 2 0 this one some Arabic dirhems and a Byzantine mil- Liaresion of the Emperor Johannes Zimisces added. At Be- become interpretation but these finds are far surpassed by the which one on the klap Farm of the peasantry small- Roscharden found near Lastrup in Oldenburg and for that Royal Coin Cabinet acquired is. At a distance from 50 steps was already before three years a similar one smaller treasure unearthed; while but this one except an addition of silver bars and jewelry only 73 Coins dating back to Emperor Henry II contained, was under the 693 coins of the more recent find, except for nine all of them German origin are, not a single one, who ES or N ) ! « ® N Y UNINY, ES EEZE II Otto III's death would have to be marked. A special interest have these finds because so far only very few have observed in our own country. The man- diversity, which ones such non-German, numerous around Finds found around the Baltic Sea basin are mostly shows the find in question in its 684 German not denarii; rather is the plural the same in the neighborhood at home. Among them stands out particularly the represented in 34 specimens, otherwise rare, in Germany venter or yes with the name this one city (and this Otto III) defeated Denarius the infamous Countess Adela, which ruled on the Lower Rhine. This is remarkable Treasure but mostly through its remaining inventory, hammered

SENSE 2 EN silver bars, which ones, similar the later cast Lower Saxony pieces of marrow and the oldest Russian bar rubles, as a means of payment in large traffic served may have, as well as two pieces of jewelry (medallions), both with a bracteate-like one centerpiece, framed by different with twisted silver threads and a final pearl border: one of them is extremely beautiful, even more so the Carolingian period reminiscent work and presents one King's head in side view with the inscription: HEGINRIC REX, So according to the find, it was from Henry I, whose We only use images on seals. don't have coins. Mr. Weil spoke about the Old Arcadian Gau coins and their relationship to those of Heraea. Imhoof Blumer had every right to point out how this Both groups are often superior in technical and stylistic terms. show surprising uniformity. But it is premature if The latest Greek historiography draws the conclusion from this want to draw Heraea from being a temporary suburb of the Arcadian countryside had been. This completely contradicts the ancient one Tradition and just as little can it be deduced from the numismatic observations, as we see Euaineto's activity for Syracuse, Katana and Kamarina can prove Prokles for Katana and Naxos, Pythodoros for Aptera and Polyrhenion we also assume in Arcadia, that the same artists for different places, d. h. for different Mints could work, and as evidence shows, also have worked. In view of the one celebrated the previous week Mr. Menadier celebrated Uhland's centenary on the poet's ballad “Der Ueberfallim Wildbad” (1367) attention, whose final verse: Then the Count of Stuttgart, saved, sits in the hall Does it mean minting a coin as a memorial... is of particular numismatic interest. With the after- knows the existence of such commemorative coins in the Middle Ages relying solely on the embossing, without any support from To find the word, the researchers would describe that customer as that

first literary testimony joyfully welcome, if the tradition as truthful proven. Alone the Annals Suevici of the Tübingen professor Crusius, from which Uhland was formed creates, not only contain this brief message, but also describe the commemorative coin as having a cross on it one and one hand on the other side, and there this the imprint of the already half a century earlier from Schwäbisch Hall is an outgoing Häller, and therefore that of a certain The whole thing shows that it cannot be a special commemorative coin Message from Crusius as unreliable and not much better as the Corveyer chronicler Schwartz's communications about the Alleged memorial coins for the transfer of the nuns from Brüggefeld to Brinckhausen in 1248 and on the Order of the Free Courts concerning Abbot Dietrich in 1349 borrowed imperial privilege. The speaker then placed the plaster casts of a four- dime piece of Count Ernst von Schaumburg-Pinne berg from 1621, because of the Burgundian cross under the crowned coat of arms on the other side recently by Mr. v. Handelmann is declared to be a fifth thaler, minted for the international Traffic at the ox market to Wedel in Holstein, and emphasized that 4 groschen under no circumstances The thing is that it is difficult to form a fifth of a thaler for an oxen market Fourpenny pieces have shaped, and that a tipper coin like this one can only be mined through forced cours in circulation in our own country and far away away from playing a role in international traffic. To third discussed same the work des senior teacher Knoke on the campaigns of Germanicus in German land, praised him for the careful use and mostly appropriate assessment of the older writings and the familiar ones Acquaintance with the soil conditions, in particular came into its own in the excellent cards however, against the results of the same. Above all, emphasized The only thing that is of interest here is that it is not permissible The coin finds in question are divided into two spatially separated groups to disassemble, but that you are definitely interested in unity

wos and uniformity of the finds') have to be recorded, since the apparently contradictory distribution of the finds across different various offices at Waechter can be attributed to the fact that 1) It should be noted on this occasion that Mr. Medical Officer rath Hartmann succeeded in Lintorf, from the: “Journey through Osnabrück and Niedermünster, the Saterland, East Frisia and Gröningen by J. @. Hoche (Bremen, Fr. Wilmans. 1800) to prove an eighth aureus, which comes from the battlefield. P. 467 is called it there: “On this one Wittekindsfelde (Wittenfelde) must have been the Romans long before Wittekind may have had a warehouse because Roman coins were sometimes found here has. A few years ago a gold coin with the Emperor's Auction was minted here. gustus portraits found; a merchant in Venne bought it from the finder according to the weight of the gold for six thalers. Reads very clearly on it the inscription: “Augusto imperante” and on the reverse: “signis receptis”. This last indicates the time when the army was here, namely after the Parthian war, in which the flags that Crassus had lost were recaptured... If it is not the legions of Varus who swarmed around here, before she lured Arminius into the Teutoburg Forest, were like that it's the cohorts of Germanicus, the Germans Loot and the Roman flags were snatched again.” — This is against it Message regarding the gold jewelry found in the Venner area and acquired by Count Knyphausen von Lodtmann should be, as proved erroneous. Also here is the writing of Mr. H. Neubourg: The location the Varus battle with a complete drawings the Roman one found in the Principality of Lippe Coins (Detmold, Meyer. 1887). Same not only shares visibly the Barenau finds reflect Veltmann's views, but rather undertakes it also opposite the meeting at the meeting of the company on May 3, 1886 the bona fides of Mr. Wasserbach and the authenticity of the these coins described as being found in Lippe, including the To save the “Arminius or rather Heermann coin”. To that end he explains that the “perrari nummi in Campo Winfeld ollim effossi” are internal found half of twelve years old, between the first and second edition The delivery of Wasserbach's writing has passed, although Wasserbach even the “ollim” of the tablet in the text: “avorum nostrorum me- moria” paraphrased; For this purpose he explains the “duplex numisma.... cum inscriptione from una parte HEERMAN, from altera parte referebant mili- tem armatum; utrumque ab iniuria temporis illaesum erat..” for over- from damaged in the portraits and inscriptions, so that Wasserbach over- There is absolutely no recognizable and attractive depiction of his revered Arminius was able to give and therefore create one with the help of his imagination I constructed it, knowing full well that the picture would be “fctus” rather than “verus”.

the two neighboring communities involved in the finds different Aemtern (districts) belong. Incomprehensible be It is also why the coins probably belonged to the army of Germanicus, but not that of Varus should be able to belong, since the operation founding after all should not be taken seriously from comrade buried Warrior with his Appreciate the hand over earth, the one given up to the enemy on the other hand, be robbed of the same. The finds are not related to the fighting to distribute the Caecina and Germanicus in the year 15, yet to be associated with Germanicus at all, there the defeat of the same only assumed, has not been handed down, and all appointments the Varian defeat outside of the Barenauer bottleneck proves again and again to be untenable prove. Meeting of June 6th. Mr. v. Sallet announced that all newspaper reports judge the alleged involvement of the Berlin museum at the Paris Ponton d’Ame&court auction from start to finish end are invented. —Then he discussed the coins of Syrian anti-emperor L. Julius Aurelius Sulpicius Uranius Antoninus, which, like Froehner recently convincing has proven, not under Severus Alexander, but under Philippus, where he is mentioned on his coins as well as by Philip Rome's 1000th anniversary celebrated in Rome Emisa ruled in Syria and held on until Valerian's time has. From the extremely rare Greek copper coins The Berlin museum owned this Syrian anti-emperor. will seem. Since the complete lack that emerges here is historical philological education also applies to the other parts of the writing makes that do not deal with coins, the same should - despite the after- due to a printing error (falsus instead of fietus) and the overlooking of one in the lip- Roman coin found in the above-mentioned review - in the other one There is only too much literature about the Battle of Varus due to the poor quality of the products easily take the lowest place. It is all the more regrettable that the Chief Justice, who is highly deserving of the antiquity of his homeland Preuss accepted the dedication of the same and thereby gave her a relief. has borrowed.

no. already a piece, now it becomes through the willing care of Mr. Feuardent in Paris will soon be possible, also one of the nine well-known gold coins minted after the Roman foot Uranius Antoninus', namely the magnificent example the Ponton collection d'Am&court, with the back of the in Emisa worshiped meteor stone pulled by four horses “Blagabal.” Furthermore, Mr v. See the first volume that has just been published the catalog of English medieval coins of the British Museum by C. F. Keary, with thirty magnificent lights equipped with printed panels, all numismatic libraries and dispensable work. The ranks of English kings begin with the small silver pieces of King Pada from Mereia (655-657 AD), with the king's name in Anglo-Saxon Runes. The Berlin museum also has one of these rare ones Pieces (pale gold) with the completely clear inscription “pada” in runes. Kearyt's work begins with the inscriptionless ones or so-called “sceattas” that only show unexplained inscriptions, then follow the coins of the Heptarchy (Mercia, Kent, East- Anglia, Northumbria), the Archbishops of Canterbury, York, the Norwegian coinage etc. s.w. Forward is an extensive one historical introduction, the conclusion form careful and practically furnished registers. Mr. Dannenberg discussed one available in the original Denarius, which has the image of the bishop and on the main side the transcription LVPPOLDVSE and on the downside around one Tower building bears the name BISCOFEHAGUS... The latter designate undoubtedly the archiepiscopal Mainzische city Tauberbischofsheim, from which so far has only been a silver penny Archbishop Adolf I of Nassau (1373-1390) was known, and Therefore, Archbishop Lupold (1200-1208) is in the mint. to recognize. The character of the coin be so much the the Würzburg denarii, that one him without the inscriptions would certainly be attributed to this, and thus prove she sees herself as an excellent counterpart to the denarius with the name of Lupold and the inscription WIRCEBVRG on the reverse side, the has been a mystery up to now and can now be explained as follows:

a Lupold in Bischofsheim according to the neighboring currency Würzburg and this initially by retaining the I identified him by name while he was later hiding Mention your own city on preserving the type restricts. Mr. Menadier discussed the in the since 1583 or also 1462 Landgrave of Hesse and previously Archbishop of Mainzi- the town of Hofgeismar, — that since 1155 with an ore capital of Mainz Saxony with an episcopal castle, — denarii minted in the 13th century, which only lasted a few years separated from each other next to Archbishop Werner of Mainz (1259-1284) also the bishops Simon (1247-1277) and Otto of Paderborn (1277—1307) and Archbishop Conrad of Cologne (1237—1261) as mint owners call. Since the days Seeländer, who first published one of these, is theirs constantly the attention of coin researchers turned to stayed, but nevertheless is a completely sufficient explanation yet not given. Plato's derivation the one entitled to coins of the Bishop of Paderborn out his diocesan power violated against the fact that Hofgeismar has always belonged to the Mainz diocese. Leitzmann's attempt the relevant coins from Cologne and Paderborn prelates to explain coinage made by them for possessions near Hofgeismar to Geismarer Currency were made, failed because the people of Geismar Imprint is always small and certainly never influences the market in some ways Dominating the expansion and, as a result, being exemplary is. Weingärtner's reduction of the diversity of the coinage status to the arbitrariness and business speculation of an arch- Episcopal mint tenant in Mainz, who invested his pennies in the We strive to drive out surrounding rulers and cities beings, does not take into account those throughout the Middle Ages prevailing estimation of the embossed image before the writing and comes also results in a declaration of bankruptcy for research. Den information sought but grants a certificate of the year 1353, in which Cuno von Falkenstein, provost of Mainz cathedral and administrator of the archbishopric after the deposition of the archbishop Heinrich I, the Mainz bishop Baldwin of Paderborn

Geismar office and the Mainz share of the permanent houses Schonenberg and Krukenberg and the city of Helmarshausen for 520 marks of soldered silver pledged, as well as a second of the year 1354, in which Archbishop Gerlach from Mainz yourself declared unable to pay the debt and the pledge to solve and a new one Prescription worth 600 marks issued, but a period of 3 years for redemption takes into account, which then already 1356 be done must, because this year the citizens of Geismar are voting for the ore Bishop is already back in the field. Just like the bishop Baldwin is safe also his predecessors Simon and Otto Geismar was temporarily pledged, and that also the ore Bishop of Cologne could be inclined, given the circumstances, to do one of these kind of pledge to take over, results from this, that Cologne has been in possession of one half since 1220 the town of Helmarshausen, which neighbors Geismar found, whose a quarter in 1353 from Mainz together with Geismar to Pader- born was moved. Mr. Weil put the first part of the Friedensburg family Coinage history of Silesia in the Middle Ages, the 12th volume of the codex diplomaticus Silesiae appeared is and the coin contains documents. July 4th meeting. Mr. Dannenberg spoke about a still unknown one piece of copper his collection, that on the main page one female head from the side, on the back the inscription: 7 MENSE OCTVBR shows. Through the latter closes the same to that which was previously erroneously attached to the vandal Genseric Piece with standing Victoria, whose GENSER. AVGVST ge- read inscription but already by J. Friedländer with full Rights was denied to this king. The doubt this writer, whether to read mense Augusto or to the Mensa Augusta is to be thought of, is illustrated by the present project. shape decisively in the first sense, even if it is on one Explanation of both the mense Augusto and the mense Octubro There is still no time, but at least this much is certain: that we

BD in both cases with southern Italian brands, about from the 9th century. Following this, the speaker presented two strange ones French Jettons of the 14th century and then spoke about the interesting, by Mr. Haigh and Mr. Aquilla Smith clarified fact, that King John (without a country) indeed on his Irish coins with the title of king his own The portrait has been attached, but that the stamp which he has before his accession to the throne under the reign of his father Hein- Rich II and his brother Richard as dominus Hiberniae in Dublin and Waterford has gone out let, in which forward swept, the hint the neck is completely lacking Do not see his own image, but bear that of the moon, on the one hand as a symbol of John, who was highly revered by Johann of the Baptist appears by using the moon as the bearer of the Sunlight and the forerunner of the sun with the Baptist as the predecessor of the Savior, the Sun of Righteousness connection set. — Finally the same P. v. Leh- man just published Font: “The Thalers and smaller Coins of Miss Maria V. Jewer...” before. For proof for the correctness the in the past The assumption expressed over the years that the one-sided copper Piece with the king's head inside the inscription: BENNO MEVECIT (Dbg. 756) not after Dortmund, but after Goslar to embarrassed and on the 1067 to Bishop of Osnabrück elected provost of the Reichsprobstei St. Simon and Judah returned Mr. Menadier placed the print one recently for the royal Similar items acquired from the museum A copper piece showing the half-length portraits of the two Goslar residents Saints and bears the inscription: HENRCVS REX. Even if the letters of the latter are a little thinner than those of the Long known piece, it cannot be doubted be that both belong together, what apart from everything Furthermore, it is already sufficiently proven by the contradiction, which consists of both images and writing. Both wear on the reverse side there are traces of previous soldering, so that it remains out of the question to view them simply as coin samples,

and rather the assumption is required that them one about it have found additional use, for example as jewelry piece like yours simultaneous and also from Goslar Native copper bracteate with the king's head and name Henry. Nonetheless stand they are closer to coinage this, since they do not come with self-standing ones cut specifically for them. digen, but for the two sides of a coin are stamped with mutually explanatory stamps, so that So in both the image of a coin with its main and reverse side is preserved. By chance, in the preservation of the old ones On the other hand, there are monuments, especially coins to mean nothing, that us next to the two copper pieces not a single real coin has been preserved like this. From bigger Weight is that we have no further news about that the Goslar Provosts exercised the right to mint; that alone Busts of the saints on the coins testify a know the connection between the Goslar Mint and the provost's office, and the time of the pieces in question belong, the beginnings of Henry IV also: one otherwise un- testified to the influence of the provost on the coinage. — In the same way, the speaker also demonstrated his The view expressed in previous years was that the three different like bracteates in the transcription: LVTEGER ME FECIT ge- did not name Luteger as a stamp cutter, but as a coin Lord and Count should be understood by the imprint of one in the Be. seats of Mr. Maior v. Graba located bracteates with the Image of a rider, on which Luteger is mentioned without the Addition of “me fecit”. Furthermore laid the speaker Jastrow's writing: “On world trade routes in the history of the evening” country*, which was recently included in the collection of economists current economic issues, published by the economics department lichen society in Berlin, was published. The same is one complete disregard for preserved coins and elevated ones Coin finds peculiar to themselves, although these are part of such investigations have to be utilized above all else and therefore stand their results for in good part contradictory to these,

so that they can be described as erroneous. To justify this It will be enough to highlight and describe a few sentences shine in which the author's theories are strongest come into effect. First of all it is said: “For world trade In the streets of the Middle Ages, trading rule had to be constant. tinopels form the exit... (8. 19). So we went from the old one The stacking area on the Golden Horn now has two large streets, one still on the ancient path through the middle the Spanish-French border, the other on the new ones sought on water and on land paths through seas, streams and plains to the riparian countries the Arctic Ocean and the North Sea. Of these both end points at the Pyrenees on the one hand and at the Scandinavian Navigable mountains on the other hand, new roads now opened northward and westward to reach a fourth point meet... (8.20). In the Europe of the 9th, 10th and 11th, yes too As late as the 12th century, traffic between the southern east and northwest, between the southwest and northeast not on the diagonal, but on the four sides of the square around the part of the earth. And precisely through this came it that the country that lies in the heart of Europe, in this one all the time from the great world traffic far less than that touched by others. ..(p. 22).” Only Constantinople can with nothing as the starting point of world trade for the time of from the Middle Ages to the Crusades; since gaining strength of Muhammadan power can be influenced by a world trade position Constantinople is no longer mentioned at all, it was probably more the Mohamedans the carriers of world trade, because her were not only in possession of the southwestern tip of the commercial street square, but also the trade on the eastern one street was in her hands and found its starting point on Mohammedan territory, in the city of Samarkand. This The Byzantine coins found in the north prove this around a thousandfold superior in number muhamedan Coins. Furthermore but This traffic does not have anything to do with it German borders stopped, but also Germany grabbed. This is witnessed by the Arab Ibrahim Ibn Jacub, the

At the time of Otto I traveled through Germany and visited Samanids in Mainz Coins encountered in traffic are those in Oldenburg Dirhems found are the denarii, which are on one side The name of Henry II is placed around the cross in Mainz style the others who carry the Khalifa's are the numerous large ones Finds of German denarii as far away as central Russia. — Fer- ner is said: “The way in which in the first half of the 13th hundred over Germany the whole broad stream of a continuous outgoing financial transactions, happened with a sudden bility, which is hardly the case in the history of our people reflected in any other economic process has brought ... (p. 32).” In contrast, it should be emphasized that the time of the Saxon and Salian emperors up to the end Henry IV's first heyday des German coinage forms, that the same after half a century of interruption a second follows in the time of the first Hohenstaufen rulers, that, on the other hand, began in the second quarter of the 13th century long-term deterioration of the same occurs, as a result of which wide areas the money movement in wholesale through the ingot traffic is replaced. — Finally it is said: “The South German one Kaufmann enters the area by crossing the Alps the ancient Roman culture, which dates back to the times of the emperors with many variations, still a kind of gold currency has been preserved; in the great character that this traffic has accepted, the gold is the common one Means of payment. But with the North German merchant in dealing with the barbaric peoples the small vagina coin the main role; from the precious metals he helps himself predominantly of silver and carries it himself wherever he goes North German silver currency. This is how Europe falls apart into two different currency districts, in the southern European and central maritime countries with a gold currency, in the northern European and Baltic Sea countries with silver currency; that belongs to the south German, this one the North German merchant. Southern Europe for itself and Northern Europe appears to be quite closed; Germany yourself but has no uniform means of payment, not even a uniform billing ..... (5. 30). “Some kind 3

uk Gold currency Germany also spent the entire Middle Ages by possessed, as quite a few German documents mention it Gold coins. and if even just a few, that's how we are at least some that should not be underestimated in terms of their importance German gold coins from the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries have been preserved. There is also the possibility of a thoroughgoing intervention in the period that follows. differed between southern and northern Europe, a few decades perhaps excepted, because of the advent of the The first Florentine gold guilders in 1252 are the first sales sought to mint gold coins in England in 1279, while the Venetian ducats were only struck in 1284. The so-called second healing of Germany has even less actually took place, because the most important and oldest Gold guilder finds in Germany are found north of the Main, Lübeck, the Bohemian king and the Rhenish electors have gold coins began to be minted around the same time, and Until the introduction of the thaler currency, the whole thing has been going on since then The wholesale trade and continuous traffic are rich throughout Settlements made in gold. — At least you like it other areas the historical research of coinage ent- advice to be able to believe: whoever controls the economic and commercial If you want to explore and represent history, you can't do it. Mr. Weil laid the prints two in Alexandria coins minted by Emperor Maximian in East Prussia are found. Meeting of October 3rd. Mr. Weil spoke about the unwritten coins with the Front parts of a bull and a lion, facing each other, and one recessed square on the back. Same are due to the repeated discoveries in the area around the ancient Sardis secured as the coins of the Lydian kings and become on ground the tradition handed down from antiquity Drawing: Kooıosioı commonly attached to Crösus. The- However, the same names do not apply to the coins of a prince, but rather to those of the same kind Others' coins expanded to become, such as B. the gold

YOURS, 1, Staters Alexander the Great circulated as @®uAırrneioı. The Old coin names therefore do not require the assumption that the all such coins come from Croesus be. Rather appears the same inadvisable in view of the Croesus' relatively short reign of 16 years, as well as the difference in style between the individual pieces and the special antiquity of individuals. The embossing should therefore on Alyattes, Croesus' predecessor, the that led the Lydian Empire to the peak of its power and the naming after the younger ruler by the special close connection the same with the Greeks to er- be clear. Mr. Lawerrenz discussed a restituted, the 16th or belonging to the 17th century Medal of Pope Victor], which one to the end the second or beginning of the third year lived a hundred. Mr. von Sallet put the poster sheets in print almost completed and soon to be published Volume describing the ancient coins of the king museums, which include the Taurian Chersonesus, Sarmatia, Moesia, Thrace, the Thracian Islands and the Thracian contains kings. The volume will cover approximately 350 pages. description of each individual piece in the collection, as well as descriptions a short mythological and historical description of particularly important types give a practical explanation and put it on eight collotype plates and in about 50 text illustrations characterized by rarity, beauty or strange ones Representation especially important pieces for bring a look. The work is based on a manuscript by Friedländer basically, which about with the years ceased in 1868; everything others, including the major recent acquisitions of the collections Fox and Prokesch, is edited by the speaker, that too Existing manuscript largely changed and completely reworked. Sir Dannenberg spoke about rune coins, from those he one rich row (12 pieces) from the Danish Kings Magnus and Svend Estridson (1042—1076) for brought a look. Except for these we have, apart from 3*+

36 the older angelic alphabet belonging to a different runic alphabet Saxon coins, just yet some Norwegian also out dem 11th century. The gold bracteates with runic writing are, however, significantly older, yet from pagan time (5th century), but as is well known, they are not coins, but just trinkets. Remarkable is that on the stamps from Magnus only which the name of the coin Master and mint on the back (AILMER. LVNTI, ALFRIK. LVNT etc.) runes has, while on those of Svend also the royal name in runes expressed is (SVEN'REX-TANORVM':). Also a mixture of runes and Latin script on the same page occurs (e.g. STYRKAR in runes, IN LVNIVF in Latin font). By the way form the Rune coins always just one Aus- taking and are a lot rarer than the coins with Latin font. Mr. Menadier placed plaster casts of some rare brac- Staten from foreign collections, namely a delicate helmet Urban bracteates from the time of Henry the Lion with the Signature: HELMENSIDENSIS from the Lord's collection Löbbecke in Braunschweig, one of the Herzogl's Falkensteiners. Mu- seums in Braunschweig, which has the title “dominus” in the transcription carries and thus provides new evidence that this Brak- teaten do not belong to Goslar, from the same series then an imprint of the well-known DENARIVE HERODIVE from Leipzig University collection, as well as a Schwarzburg bracteate with the rake in the hand of the crowned prince, the eldest Coin with this coat of arms, also of the dynastic Brak- teaten of the find from Hof Erzebach, for which he was the Count of Goat Grove presumably as mint owners set up, and finally of a bracteate of Margrave Conrad of Meissen (1130-1156) with the image of the man with helmet, flag, shield and Sword provided Princes and the transcription: MARHIO CON(RADVS), through the the Dannenberg assignment of the exceedingly similar Bracteates of the Trebatscher find after Meissen is proven to be the correct one and of the speaker Presumption that the transcription of the same MONETA MARCHIO

ERS LIVEI M(ONTIS) to read and the coins as the oldest Schneeberg pennies, denarii nivales, to behold, to be, new receives weight. Meeting of November 7th. Mr. Dannenberg reported about one in spring this year near Ribnitz in Mecklenburg upscale rich Treasure of English sterling weighing five pounds. Under the approximately 1850 pieces it contained, were just 37 Münstersche so-called Wewelinghöfer denarii, all the rest were sterling (or pennies) except for a few Scottish (by Alexander II) and Irish, all by King Henry III (1216—1272) with the crowned one forward ge- turned heads and the long cross, or at least imitations against this character, that also on the English coast opposite mainlands, in the Netherlands and in Western cases became widespread. The original English coins, in 21 different cities beaten, take with few Exceptions, the numismatic interest is not particularly relevant saying, but even more so the Dutch and German ones reprints, which ones the county Kuinre in Overyssel, Geldern and Zwolle, as well as the noblemen Bernhard II, Her- man Ill and Simon from Lippe to authors have. Under Quite a few of these are still unknown ge- remained, the most important being John's Zwolle Sterling eleetus (John of Nassau, chosen bishop's from Utrecht 1267-1282), that first through known a single coin Prince, who was given the papal power because of his extreme ignorance legal confirmation failed became. Quite a few of the followers As such, imprints only emerge through the faulty and partial wise to recognize completely meaningless transcriptions on the back, but for that very reason they escape further definition and may partly still be found in other mainland mints appeared to those mentioned. Striking and probably unprecedented is the discovery of so many foreign characters in Mecklenburg- castle, which can only be found in the much smaller treasure of Raagendrup in Denmark has a case. You could think of one in Mecklenburg

castle traveling English merchant think when not used various Mecklenburg documents of the thirteenth century derts suggested that at that time in Mecklenburg these sterlings circulate wholesale had and this one Completely missing small state coin from the Bracteates have represented the position of the coarse courant. Herr von Prollius showed several recently admitted to him sent Mecklenburg bull's head bractates at the beginning of the Kannenberg's find discussed last year. Mr. Menadier placed the plaster casts of two in the Leipzig Bracteates of the Magde Burgenland Archbishop Albrecht I of Käfernburg (1205 until 1232) with the archiepiscopal title, which is in contrast to the later small coins of the same still completely those the same size as his predecessors Ludolf and Wichmann, just like the only one known so far, before the papal Be- confirmation Albrecht embossed bracteate with the transcription: ALBERTVS ELECTVS, and which provide evidence that the Transition from the big ones to the small ones Bracteates something took place later than previously expected due to isolation the latter coin was accepted has. A third from the same speaker submitted report pressure was the downside a medal the Paduan doctor and philosopher M. A. Passer (} 1563), in whose In a previously unexplained representation, he has the double-sexed one four legs and four arms yourself moving in a wheel shape Prehistoric man was proven by Aristophanes in Plato's banquet (XIV, 189/90) describes with the words: 7 yae near NWov yioıs ody adın jv, Areg vov, dAh aAloie. Igwrov who yav role iv 1 yern 1a Tav dvdownav, oby wong vüv dvo, GogEv xl Inhv, CAAc to Teivov rgoojv xowör dv duporigwv Today, 0v yöv dvoua Aoınov, adro dE Ayavıoını' dvdgoyvvov yao Ev goals uv ıv to the sidos xai Övoue 2E auporigwv xowov Tod ve Üggevos xai ImAsos, before Ö’oox dorıy AAN 7 Ev Ovside, Övowe xeiwevov. änerıe 6hov hv &udorov od avdewnov vo sides orgoyyükov, vorov od riAsvoas xUrim Eyov, xeigas ÖE Terragas exe, zo OrEAm Ta i0® eis ysool, za meoowna dv’ En’ aigevı xunÄoregei, Oo

new. aspainv Ö Em Auporgoıs Tois T000WNOIS Evavrioıc xsuuevois uiav, x ra Terrege, za aidora dvo, za aalka navıe ds ANO ToVrav &v Tıs sixdosısv, 2rrogsvsro de to 0090 Worsg vov, ömoregwoe BovAmdein' to onore Tax) Ögumosıs Helv, WORLEQ os xußıoravres ice 00I0v Ta onelm Tregıpsodusvor zußıoracı xUxhn, 6xT0 ToTE 000L Tois meinessıw Ädnspsiddusvor Tayd EpEgovro xURAn. nv dE dıa Taüre vote 1& yEım xl toiwdre, öt 10 uEVv Gogsv nV Death mAlov Tv Aoymv Exyovov, vo de Inav Uns yns, 16 dE aumortowv merexov us oeAmyns, örı xaı n osAjvn duporsomv werkyer. reg- yeon de d7 Tv xai adıa 1 nogsie adıav dıd To voic yovsvowv Öuoıa elvaı. Av odv ıyv loyiv dswa zei mv tree, zei Ta Yoovnuare weyahe eiyov, Ensysionoav de Tois Ieois, perm 6 Adyaı "Ounoos negd Eyıalrov Te xal 'Arov, rıeg Eusivav Akysraı, 16 sic 10V oügavov avaßaoıy Enuyeigsiv noisiv, as dnıIyoouevov Tois Feotc. We have so the medal as a monument of in Italy Platonic religion prevailing during the sixteenth century must be viewed and as a counterpart to that of Prof. v. Sallet declared medal on the “Porus consilii filius” (2 f£. N. VII, 118), which is also based on Plato's banquet was created. Meeting of December 3rd. Mr. v. Sallet made a reference to one in the monthly paper of the numis- matic society in Vienna briefly mentioned strange Find carefully. These are four bars of fine Golde with stamped stamps, Portraits of three Byzantine African emperor with the inscription DDDNNN (domini nostri), the Monogram of Christ and name inscriptions, apparently from coins or mining officials, once with the addition of the mint SIRM(ium). The strangest inscription — LVCIANVS-OBR- 1-SIC. The OBR can mean nothing other than Obryzum, the official designation in the documents of the later imperial period tion of pure gold (solidi obryzati, later obryziaci). Without somehow like Pinder's interpretation, which is considered irrefutable Friedländers for those of Constantin and then since Valentinian and Valens applied designation of the gold pieces with OB as If you want to doubt the number 72 (4, pounds since Constantine), you have to

N But it should be emphasized that the new discovery brings us to the first Male the description previously only known in written monuments Drawing of the OBRyzum for a coin specific piece can be proven as an imprint. That too OB of gold coins was earlier (since the 16th century) Obryzum read; the gold coins Constantine (which the coin base changed) with OB and with LXXII, as well as the constant Appearance of the mayor under Valentinian and Valens, which that Law of minting 72 solidi from the pound renewed, but are now seen as sure proof of the error of the earlier ones Reading OBryzum and for the correctness of Pinder's interpretation and Friedländer's OB = 72. Mr. Weil spoke about Winckelmann's relationship with the ancient numismatics and demonstrated that his understanding of the representations on Greek coins despite the low materials, that was before him, a completely correct one, as it was can later be found in a similar way with Otfried Müller. Mr. v. Brakenhausen presented his three newest medals, with the images his son M. v. Brakenhausen, by H. v. Borwitz and C. Rackwitz and selected one copy each as a gift for the royal. Coin cabinet. Mr. Dannenberg put a number of coins from the former Middle Ages, which because of their artistic execution Attention earn. The series starts with two denarii Charles of the big one and one Silver medallion Ludwigs des Pious people whose half-length portraits are still of late Roman images, but already a representation of the individual strive for. The remaining pieces are denarii of the Saxon and Franconian imperial period, among those namely that of Cologne (Bust portrait of Conrad II on a coin of Archbishop Piligrim), Trier, Xanten and Duisburg stand out; particularly admired A Duisburg denarius appears, which appears on the main page that characteristic understood Bust portrait King Hein richsIV shows the picture of the seated queen on the back Bertha. Mr. Menadier discussed the one in the print present Thuringian rider bracteates with the inscription: KOVNRAD L TE