Zeitschrift für Numismatik, vol. 15 — 1887

Hans Reimer } On September 21st is the publishing bookseller Hans Reimer, the publisher ours magazine, to Oberstdorf in Bavaria at the age of 48 sleep. When it came to this fifteen years ago, in Berlin a magazine for ancient and medieval To establish numismatics, it was primarily the willingness to ride and the zeal, with those Hans Reimer the publisher and the continuation this one Magazine which took over the future of the entire company ensured. This even in difficult situations never- once waning Zeal Hans Reimers has that ge- prosperous development and the continued existence ours Magazine mainly with conditional, and certainly will to all employees and friends of our magazine and all those for numismatic science are interested in keeping the memory of Hans Reimer in high regard Honors remain. A.v. Sallet.

Literature. 231 PR} but charge him the purchase price of the silver and the Minting costs against the parchment struck by you. Ver- Not only the silver, which the trades promote, is minted changed and strikingly despite the constant deterioration The expansion of money always delivers at the same price, and “argent- tum de cista domini”, i.e. silver from the national treasury gentleman, but silver is also sometimes bought abroad. Also the “Gekretze” – which is left over from the processing of the silver remaining residue - is coined again and made out by itself “Kerpferknußen” white man yet precious metal to win. In addition, especially through the exchange sites in Freiberg, Leipzig, Altenburg, Coburg the mint a lot of foreign money for re-embossing. All of these items are conscientious ver- draws and give an interesting one Image the coinage one activity, also teach us about the prices of silver Bers to the different ones times, In fact an exceptional neat rich material for the general history of the Medieval coinage - a field that, unfortunately, is still so little is grown. It is hardly necessary to point out, how many valuable ones Finger pointing and clues in particular the Saxon one Coin history can be found here. As Ermisch rightly points out, notices, the same is still very much in trouble: partly Yes, extremely valuable works and material collections from Klotzsch, Wagner, Böhme, Götz, Erbstein, v. Posern et al. give still not coherent Image which is so infinite Saxons offering rich and varied phenomena Coin history. The present publication must therefore be highly are welcomed because they represent the history of freedom Berg mint, from which in the 400 years of its existence countless impressions have emerged, although on none the same her name is mentioned, down to the details rolls us up. We get to know the masters who worked here — among them, as in so many other German countries 1360 also several Italians - we read their employment contracts

232 Literature. sluggish and instructions, we find out when she works diligently hammer swung and when the work is less eagerly has been driven, we follow the coin policy and the monetary relationships of the different Regents in theirs coin order nations. But to us, who provide our services essentially to the practical dedicate to table numismatics, happens the reminder, now too ‘to draw diligently from the source offered here. F.F. Engel, Arthur, and Ernst Lehr: numismatique de l'Alsace. Paris, Erneste Leroux, 1887. Gr. 8/4/272. At 46 photo typical panels and many images printed in the text dungs. After Mr. Angels in a number of years its up Travel and through correspondence collected supplements to v. Berstett's “Attempt at a Coinage History of Alsace” in eight Stapling “documents for servir & la numismatique de l’Alsace” had made known, he worked together with Dr. Teach them to one with the existing older stocks The coinage history of Alsace is summarized, which this rare older book dispensable to make determined and suitable is. It includes this work the whole time, in which Alsace had its own coins, as in the Introduction is explained in more detail by the Merovingians to to first third of the last century. The introduction also contains a sample of the apocryphal mints, according to whose departure only Bergheim, Frohberg and Rappolstein to be added to those already listed by Berstett. From some Mints also discussed, on the other hand, remain the production nisse still to be found; should be one of these in the Weyl- Berlin coin images 1886, 8.688 by Mr. Joseph said Denarius Lorsch Abbey with $. Nazarius on both

Literature. 233 Pages to be expected? so that he would be defeated in Brumat, The longest coin, created over eleven centuries Of course, Strasbourg provides the most numerous stamps but they started from Ensisheim, where the landgraves came from The House of Habsburg in the years 1584-1632 have coins let, from this time over 300 coins taught, many, of course only with very small differences; the first this one Series, which before 1584 fall, would have however not listed under this heading should. Except from Strasbourg are from the Middle Ages only from Bergheim, Colmar, Hagenau, Molsheim (?), Selz (?), Thann and Weissenburg known. The book, which shows great care, appears to be of high quality mass to be complete, insofar as what was presented in the preface The plan laid out allows it, according to which unfortunately the medals come with it few exceptions (, & quelques tr&es rares exceptions pres") are excluded, although the latter not too literal to is to take. A double thaler from Thann could be added 1542, which I formerly owned. The planned preparatory work Mr. Angels have it It was useful that this monograph was in contrast to some others has protected himself from false attributions. Only that, although not without an expression of doubt, p. 161 No. 120 under Strasbourg recorded Denarius Henry I (Plate XXXI, 8) is to be eliminated; he belongs in Maestricht (Dannenberg, the German coins no. 245). The bracteate of Molsheim (8.125) is probably older than the X'VI. year- hundred. Doubtful I am regarding of Henry II crowned profile head (Plate XXXI, 6), the text p. 161 no. 118 gives VISE ... Ill VG as a transliteration, which, however, is considered a disfigured Henry imp. Aug. would have to look at; but there the Illustration only VISE..... and that very clear recognize Incidentally, the same denarii with Henry only ever come through the title of king wear, like that the question is legitimate whether not also this denarius from the royally loyal Bishop Wicelin-Werner,

934 Literature. same as No. 15 and 16 Plate XXXI with royal stamp beat is, whereby the circumstance that images and writing are not fit together, after numerous analogies not in the way stand would. Wilhelm's medal from Strasbourg 1526 (Plate. XX VI, 5) is not, as is said on p. 166 no. 164, from tamper; Unfortunately, we don't know the artist we follow owe this wonderful work (Erman, German Med. p. 29, 43). Whether further on the A/. the semi-bracteates of Selz ... abIKENZESC actually depicted two imperial busts are? The illustration plate XXIV 6, seems rather, match- Corresponding to Berstett 115 is an infused bust with crook to show. I would also like to refer to plate XLII, 1, as I did Berl. Bl. V, 5.295 (Plate LXIU, 15) done, not WIIENFIRE, but Read WIOLNEIRC, which is also much closer to the correct WIIENBIRG stands. The Udo Plate XXV, 2 is fine to serve as obol see, its smallness like the smallness of images and writing in In relation to the corresponding denarius plate XXV, 1 that appear to be safe, the weight is 1.05 gr. however, it is over It turned out just as much too heavy as my Erkambold's (Dannenberg a. a. 0. 932) with 2.1 gr. One thing is unavoidable here commemorate the pleasant misprint on p. 156, where at number, 52 the quote pl. XXV, 2 to be deleted and placed after No. 55 is; comparing the text with the illustration and with documents ments etc. Issue II, No. 63, plate V, 3 makes this clear. Too bad, that the latter pretty illustration is not repeated here. There are, of course, the same regrets for some others to express interesting pieces, especially regarding the only coin from Bergheim, the denarius IMPERATOR R/. AR GENTINA (8. 165, No. 158), of the denarius EPISC OPVS (ibid No. 159), the medals of the Strasbourg bishops Albert (Ber- stett 161 Suppl.) and Johann Georg (Berstett 159), the latter Incidentally, it is not even described, as is Jakob Sturm (Berstett 259). For that would have quite a few others gone be let can, such as, for example, some of the essentially the same No. 10-12 XXV, 11-13 XXXI and quite a few of them the

| Literature. 235 but only partially Landgrave distinguished in small details regular thalers on plates IV to XI. Namely but had to all silent coins (pp. 245 to 262) are shown, because the mere description is almost useless. Useless are also information such as p. 160 no. 111-113, where three- once in a row nothing but “autre, de coin varie” can be found. Also would be it probably beneficial been, the indefinite ones silent denarii (pp. 245-262) in three main classes: imperial, episcopal and dynastic; for the selected application It's not easy to find your way around these 175 pieces. find. The 46 phototypic blackboards, which along with a number The printed illustrations accompanying the work are of good quality Execution, but that method is more suitable for Thaler and Medals, as for most medieval coins that one probably has rather, like the illustrations in the “Document”, in copper engraving, woodcut or lithograph. And ties in with that because unfortunately the numbers of the plates match those of the text do not match, the desire, that it the H. H. author. would have liked the fact that finding one is now quite difficult coin shown in the text by adding a relevant one To facilitate verification of the images. Books like that are more for reference than for continuous reading determines what is of course used by many, not just French, writers is not taken into account. But despite all these small exhibitions in detail The present work remains remarkable, even in print well-equipped appearance, for which the numerical The matic audience expresses its sincere gratitude to the H.H. Author. will feel obligated. I would just like to see all the other Germans soon Parts of the country will be granted such a monograph. H. Dannenberg.

236 Literature. Head, Barcley V.: Historia numorum, a manual of Greek numismatics. London 1887. — 808 pages large 8°, 5 font,. and many illustrations. One of the results of numismatic research since Eckhel Comprehensive handbook of Greek coinage was at the the greatest dispersal of numismatic literature has long been sufficient need; the present work is one of our proven The most knowledgeable coin connoisseur is therefore happy to test it to welcome. Head first presents introductory sections the coin systems, the types, the officials, the games, the colors nial coins, the chronological dates, etc., some of them, especially the latter two, but only in very limited form Brevity and containing only the most essential, so that for in-depth studies of Eckhel's work and the numerous individual research is essential stay. Then they follow Coins the individual Cities and rulers according to the of the usual one applicable something different designed geo- graphic order, which only in individual points (e.g. near Macedonia) yet something richer structured is, as in that has been followed so far Classification method. With every single one Section contains geographical and historical notes and postscripts wise of literature attached; also here could of course only short notes are always given; would be with Britain a complete list of all royal names that occur probably wanted and easy to give, even if for further studies that cited work used by Evans must. Would have to be added the central Italian, however still subject to some doubts, first from »estini published Mint Palatium (see 0. below the acquisitions the royal collection). The long rows of individual imperial coins Of course, cities could not do so in any completeness be treated because otherwise the work would probably be ten instead of one Bands would have required, but the most important types are the names of the games, the geographical area mentioned on the coins phical determinations (river and mountain names).

The fifteen mints of the fifteen Dioletian Dioceses. The investigation of the Roman imperial coins since the middle des third century specified or rather on- interpreted offices and imperial mints in recent times the numismatists for years many times busy and there are- through, in particular through the to Missong, who died early, very valuable results won become. They are far advanced enough. about the question to put, whether not the Mints correlate with the administrative division of the empire relationship'). However, this can only ge- see for the era since Diocletian; the pre-Diocletian Division of the empire has undoubtedly to which apparently is under Gallienus entering Facility more provincial imperial coin places?) none whatsoever relationship. Only after Diocletian the Middle authorities, the dioceses, could be set up by one The relationship of the coinage to this division of the empire is discussed 1) The question is asked, but not dealt with in an expert manner, by Theodor Rohde, the coins of Emperor Aurelian (Miskolez 1881. 1882) Ss. 275fg. 2) This is what Brock has (in v. Sallet's magazine. f. Numbers 3, 61fg.). and A. Markl (in the Vienna num. Magazine 1884 8. 375fg.) confirmed. They do Imperial coinage that was previously found in Syria, recognizable in particular special by the Greek spelling of the name Hostilianus (whose death cannot possibly be set later than 251 AD). Precursors. Journal of Numismatics, XV, 16

240 Th. Mommsen: be. I'm putting this next to the mints the overview of the dioceses, like them in particular from the Veronese provincial directory for the Diocletian era and for the time of Honorius out the Notitia Dignitatum known is which one the latter order I follow’). The seven first form the partes Orientis, the eight following the partes Oceidentis. . Orientis A(ntiochia). . Aegypti AL E(xandrea). . Asiana KV (zieus). . Pontica N(icomedia). . Thraciarum H(eraclea) T(hracum) or H(eraclea). . Macedoniae T(hes)S(alonica). . Daciae S(er)D(ica). . Italiae AQluileia). . urbis Romae ROM(a) or R(oma). ' Pannoniarum or Ilyrii S(is)Cfia) or SIS(cia). . Africae K.(Arthago). . Hispaniae T(arraco). . Galliarum TR(everi). L(ugudunum) or L(u)G(u- dunum). 14. Viennensis 15. Britanniae L(ondinium). The buried mints are essentially the Results taken from the Missong for the gold coinage of the Diocletian Epoch until years 305°) and Th. Rhode (p. 240 note 1) for the Diocletian influence in general have found. The reasons why the different coins site signs have been interpreted in this way are, again- 1) I have discussed the separation of the diocese in more detail in the Abhand- lectures from the Berlin Academy in 1862 acted, whereupon I asked for the receipts references. The essentials can be found in every manual. 2) v. Sallets magazine f. Num. 7, 260fg.

The fifteen mints of the fifteen Diocletian dioceses. 241 I won't get it; they are essentially resounding'') and generally recognized. Only in one case did I find the cause found from those positions to deviate: those with HT The mint recorded cannot refer to the mint recorded in this era. plaice Heraclea Thessaliae be obtained’), but is undoubtedly the old Perinthos, renamed, without a doubt Honor of Herculius, in Heraclea Thracum°), the neighbor Constantinople. 1) There are only doubts regarding the English mint marks around are so uncomfortable as it would be important to determine here, like Carausius and Allectus in hers, between collegiality and opposition swaying position to the rulers of the mainland became that of have behaved according to this minting system. Because the literature about it only provides insufficient information - the work of the deceased v. Salis num. chronicle 7 (1867) p. 57 fg. 321 fg. only generally gives the result results of his detailed investigations into those struck in Britain Roman imperial coins - and since our cabinets have British coins Only have a small number of embossings, I hope so for the coin researchers a service to prove through the one below the following print of the contract Drawing of the relevant coins from the British Museum, Mr. Dressel the few pieces of the Berlin Cabinet inserted. The Londoners Coins gave me on my Please Mr. Barclay V. Head communicated; her are listed according to that of v. Sali's resulting order of the cabinet. — That Carausius and Allectus marked with the mint mark (ondinium) have shaped is evident and fits into the system of the continent. This is not the case if next to it in the Diocese of Britain a second Mint existed, as v. Salis sets them up in Camulodunum. The proof but for the fact that in the inscriptions spcL — SPC — SMC — MSC — mc — Qc - c the letter c therefore has to be taken, it seems to me by no means provided. This, like most other official marks on English coins are still waiting for a solution. 2) Missong a. a. O. $,292. The Thessalian City is named after Ptole Matthew 3, 12, 44 hardly even mentioned. 3) All older informants and Zosimus 1, 62 in this regard judge Know Aurelian's end the city only under the name Pe- rinthos. Heraclea Thracum is called them in Diocletian's decree of J. 286 (Fr. Vat. c. 284) and like this or with both names among the later ones, like this that about the time and cause of the name change, although nothing about that is reported, no doubt can be. The coins Julian's with Heraclus. (Cohen 6 p. 356 of the first edition), to which Missong refers, are probably emerged from the same office; but there is nothing in the way either them to the Thracian Heraclea to add that too the founding of Constantinople remained a sizeable city. 16*

242 Th. Mommsen: It jumps in the eyes that the mints and the Dioceses coincide, or, what amounts to the same thing, that Diocletian set up a moneta for each diocese and one procurator monetae used has. From met the rule just one only difference: the Mint the Diocese Vienna is missing and in its place the diocese has Gaul two, Treveri and Lugudunum. Apparently the latter, which Dio- Cletian found'), continued to mint as a mint for the neighboring diocese of Vienna, which, incidentally, fell soon afterwards Constantinus received her own mint in AR(e)L(ate). The Diocletian order is thereby broken in this respect, than since then there have been three mints in the two Gallic dioceses exist, as the Notitia digni- tatum confirmed”). — Another deviation is the occurrence the SIRM(ium) mint under Constantinus I, as this city as Siscia belongs to the Occidental Illyricam. However, you can It is not surprising that the correlate relationship between the dioceses and the mints in their purity only at the first deposit direction occurs; Causes of many kinds will have brought about that without consideration on the basis lying norm existing mints were closed or new ones were set up. This compilation has its purpose fulfilled when they the numismatists prompted with which for a long time not taken off concluded investigation into the mints the diocesan Division of the empire and its procuratores monetae more, than has happened before. Have to add I just a few more comments about the relationship between the 1) There are coins from Carinus with the official symbol Zug. and also the Aurelians with Z. are referred to Lugudunum. 2) In this list of civil servants for the Occident (at which Orient are just c. 13 the procuratores monetae general called) as Sub-officials des comes sacrarum largitionum five procuratores monetae on- led; there are except the two Gallic ones Italian in Rome and Aquileia and the Pannonian of Siscia. Carthage and Tarraco are missing for no apparent reason; perhaps numismatists can do the same er- average.

The fifteen mints of the fifteen Diocletian dioceses. 243 Metals in the various mints and about education the mint mark. Most mints shape in all three metals; of it different have Heraclea just silver and copper, Kyzikos and Lugudunum only struck copper. The cause is probably more comprehensive in the Occeident alongside Maximian Minted in Trier the coin from Lyon, in the Orient next to the comprehensive influence of Diocletian in Nicomedeia') the neighboring coins from Heraclea and Cyzicus were used as secondary mints were treated. The lettering is obviously from a single piece. Where among the fifteen mints the first letter for the under- Divorce is sufficient, this alone is set: H or HT — N — R, except that with the name of the imperial capital sometimes almost complete writing occurs. Where it is not enough: DUAME THURS K—KV L—LG SD — SC or SIS T—TR——TS Usually the first letter alone becomes conventional on one of mints limited, perhaps to the ones that already before Diocletian in operation was’). The exception, that that simple L both for Lyon like for London occurs, may 1) The ones on the coins with that characters S(acra) M(oneta) N(icome- diensis) common inscription MX or KR IIc probably means Nixoundsie lux e(ivitatium), similar to how Cicero called Rome lux orbis terrarum. Be- Diocletian obviously wanted to give this city the position that Byzantium would then have received from Constantine. 2) This would, there at the sign ı special returns for London view (p. 244 A. 1), apply to Antioch, Carthage, Lugudunum and Tarraco. For Lugudunum the older coinage is certain (p. 242 A. 1); There are also numerous pre-Diocletian coins from Tarraco with the Officin mark tr. That the imperial mint from Antioch for a long time was in operation before Diocletian is also certain, even if the sign A only begins with him. Whether the same applies to Carthage remains to be seen at least not to say.

244 Th. Mommsen: back to the political separation of Britain from the continent be conducted’). Incidentally, either the first two or three letters set, as in ALE— AQ— KV — SIS—TR, or it will be according to the (well-known to the epigraphists) known) syllabar abbreviation system this era Initial letters of the first and second syllables added, like LG — SD --SC— TS. It seems obvious to me that the fixation of these fifteen characters took place simultaneously has it. Finally, I take from Hettner's excellent work about the Trier coins’) an overview of the mints of the Emmersweiler find. This one, buried according to Hettner's Mei- tion 297 or 298, certainly before the year 305, consisted exclusively lich from coins of Diocletian and his colleagues, all with the inscription genio populi Romani; divided according to the mints it is as follows: TR(everi) 1141 L(ugudunum) 52 without mint maybe out Londinium T(arraco) R(grandma) AQ (uileia) le2B For the traffic conditions of the time, it is of interest that in the treasure not a single piece neither from the 1) Carausius and Allectus have on their coins never another Character set as the simple L; but at the same time have the rulers of the Continent uses this symbol alongside LG for Lyon. After then in 296 Britain again had come rich, has one For a time the Lyon mint had no cipher embossed, against it the of Lyon keep the simple L (v. Salis numismatic chronicle 7, 58; Hettner West German Ztschr. 1887 p. 139). The cipher LOn or ın begins, like The following list shows, even under Diocletian, but is often used only under Constantine. 2) West German Journal 6 (1887) p. 131fg.

j The fifteen mints of the fifteen Diocletian dioceses. 245 | Orient still occurs from the Occidental Illyricum, some | a few from Spain and Italy, a larger number from Lyon and from London, but mostly that of the coin of Trier. However All of these coins are only a few years old There has been and still is circulation not the time have the products of the Trier coinage with the rest of the imperial courant to mix. Imperial coins minted in England from the cabinets of London and Berlin'). Britannia. Uncertain mint. in the field in section. Carausius PAX AVG YOU SALVS AVG S VIRTVS AVG sc PAX AVG Sp VIRTVS AVG SUP N + CONCORDIA MILIT VM TPAX AVG xx London. Carausius LEG II AVG ML LEG PARTH ML LEG VIII AVG ML LEG XXX VLPIA ML PAX AVG 1 ML PAX AVG FO ML PAX AVG Sup ML IOVI AVG S.P ML PAX AVG sp MLXXI PAX AVGGG SP, MLXXI SALVS AVG sp MLXXI PAX AVG BE ML *PAX AVG BE MLXXI A SALVS AVG BE MLXXI TEMPORVM FELICITAS BE MLXXI(?) VICTORIA AVG BE MLXXI(?) 1) The coins from the London Cabinet that are also in Berlin are with *, which are added from the Berlin cabinet to the London directory attached with 7.

Th. Mommsen ; in the field in section. Carausius PAX AVG MLXXI PROVIDENT AVG MLXXI CONSERVAT AVG ML CONSERVATORS AVGGG ML GENIVS AVG ML 7 LAETITIA AVG t AE[QVIT A]VG ADVENTVS AVGG CONCORDIA MILIT EXPECTATE VENI FELICITAS FIDES MILITARY LEG III FL ORIENS AVG RENOVAT ROMANO ROMANO RENOV VBERITA AV VOTO PVBLICO >) BRRRRRRRERE Diocletian!) PAX AVGGG SALVS AVGGG Maximianus PAX AVGGG Allectus PAX AVG PAX AVG ORIENS AVG PAX AVG SALVS AVG VIRTVS AVG LAETITIA AVG PAX AVG MONETA AVG *PAX AVG PIETAS AVG * PROVIDENTIA AVG VIRTVS AVG * VIRTVS AVG TSALVS AVG nm un mwum un un 1) A copper coin from the Berlin Cabinet with I10VI CONSER AVGG, in Field A, in the smL section is not included because of the style certainly did not belong in Britain and must therefore have been defeated in Lyon. Same probably applies from another Maximian with HERCVLI PACIFERO, in field B, in section smı.

The fifteen mints of the fifteen Diocletian dioceses. Carausius Diocletianus Allectus Camulodunum. EXPECTATE VENI LEG I MIN CONCOR MILITVM FELICITAS AVG FIDES MILITARY HILARITAS AVG LIBERALITAS AVG PAX AVG PAX AVG PROVID AVG SALVS AVG LAETITIA AVG PAX AVG PAX AVG FIDES MILITARY FIDES MILITARY LAETITIA AVG MARTI INVICTO MONETA AVG MONETA AVGGG ORIENS AVG PAX AVG PIETAS AVG PAR AVG * PROVID AVG PROVID AVGGG SALVS AVGGG SPES PVBL VICTORIA AVG PAX AVGGG SPES PVBL VICTORIA AVGGG ADVENTVS AVG LAETITIA AVG LAETITIA AVG PAX AVG PAX AVG PROVIDENTIA AVG * PROVIDENTIA AVG PROVID AVG VICTORIA AVG * LAETITIA AVG * VIRTVS AVG in the field un uno w I En > ln BEE BE VE tl BE Ber I do in section. Spc Add eo or oe oe: Oro 06 (org) Spc 247

Th. Mommsen: London. in the field in section. Diocletianus Augustus GENIO POPVLI ROMANI LON Maximianus Augustus GENIO POPVLI ROMANI LON Galerius Caesar GENIO POPVLI ROMANI LON Diocletianus QVIES AVGG PLN Maximianus * GENIO POP.ROM PLN HERCVLI CONSERVATORI PLN MARTI PATRI PROPVGNATORI PLN MARS VICTOR PLN ROMAE AETER PLN Constantius MEMORIA FELIX PLN Galerius Augustus GENIO POP.ROM PLN Maximinus Caesar GENIO POP.ROM PLN Constantine Caesar GENIO POP.ROM PLN MARTI PACIF PLN MARS VICTOR PLN ROMAE AETER PLN Constantine Augustus * GENIO POP ROM PLN * MARTI PATRI PROPVG PLN * PRINCIPI IVVENTVTIS PLN COMITI AVGG NN PLN * VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP PLN VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP PL (2 cells) Crispus Caesar VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP PL (2 cells) * VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP PLN Constantine II Caesar VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP PLN VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP pL (2 bottles) Constantine Augustus ADVENTVS AVGG NN PLN ADVENTVS AVG PLN * COMITI AVG NN PLN COMITI AAVVGG PLN * CONCORD MILITARY PLN FELICITAS AVGG NN PLN +GENIO POP ROM PLN * MARTI CONSERVATORI PLN + MARTI CONSERVATORI PLN * PRINCIPI IVVENTVTIS PLN ROMAE RESTITVTAE PLN * SECVRITAS AVGG PLN * SOLI INVICTO COMITI PLN * SOLI INVICTO COMITI PLN SPES REI PVBL PLN Licinius Augustus * GENIO POP ROM PLN * SECVRITAS AVGG PLN

The fifteen mints of the fifteen Diocletian dioceses. 249 Maximinus Augustus Constantine Augustus Lieinius Augustus Crispus Caesar Constantine II Caesar Constantine Augustus Crispus Caesar Constantine II Caesar Constantine Augustus Constantine Augustus Crispus Caesar Constantine II Caesar Constantine Augustus * GENIO POP ROM ADVENTVS AVG N * ADVENTVS AVG N!) MARTI CONSERVATORI SOLI INVICTO COMITI PRINCIPI IVVENTVTIS SOLI INVICTO COMITI SOLI INVICTO COMITI * SOLI INVICTO COMITI SOLI INVICTO COMITI * SOLI INVICTO COMITI SOLI INVICTO COMITI GENIO POP ROM GENIO POP ROM GENIO POP ROM * GENIO POP ROM * SOLI INVICTO COMITI SOLI INVICTO COMITI * SOLI INVICTO COMITI (Sol in quadriga) SOLI INVICTO COMITI SOLI INVICTO COMITI PRINCIPIA IVVENTVTIS t BEAT TRANQLITAS (sic) SOLI INVICTO COMITI SOLI INVICTO COMITI VIRTV'S EXERCIT VIRTV'S EXERCIT * VIRTV'S EXERCIT BEATA_TRANQVILLITAS tTBEAT TRANQILTAS (sic) BEAT TRANQVILLITAS * BEATA TRANQVILLITAS BEAT TRANQVILLITAS BEATA TRANQVILLITAS VIRTV'S EXERCIT BEATA TRANQVILLITAS BEATA TRANQVILLITAS 7 BEATA TRANQVILLITAS fBEAT TRANQLITAS (sic) t BEAT TRANQLITAS (sic) SARMATIA DEVICTA PROVIDENTIAE AVGG 1) On the Berlin copy, sr. is missing. vum nm m nm nm mm nm ynnmumnmununmn un in the field I 3 ee v Eh 0 Ms a al» HE Fairy He ex «| nope se al ae sl | “J {he} ever} in section. PLN MLL PLN MLL MLL MLL PLN PLN PLN MLN MSL MLN MLN MS MSL PLN MSL PLN MSL PLN PLN PLN PLON PLN PLN PLN PLN PLN PLON PLON PLON PLON PLON PLON PLON PLON PLON PLON PLON PLON PLON PLON

250 Th. Mommsen: The mints of the Diocletian dioceses. Crispus Caesar Constantine II Caesar Constantius Caesar Fausta Augusta Helena Augusta Magnus Maximus * CAESARVM NOSTRORVM * PROVIDENTIAE CAESS CAESARVM NOSTRORVM PROVIDENTIAE CAESS PROVIDENTIAE CAESS SALVS REI PVBLICAE SECVRITAS REI PVBLICAE VICTORIA AVGG VOT X MVLT X in section. PLON PLON PLON PLON PLON PLON PLON AVG P.S AVG Th. Mommsen.

Cquitius. According to Missong's beautiful proof') is the stamp mark of the coins of the Emperor Probus the inscription AEQVITI or AEQVIT or EQVITI in a very peculiar way nisses. It is found this name on one row, the the Roman belongs to a mint, under whose seven Offices distributed in the following way: RR RRIR EIR A|E|Q)V T| I A|B|IT YES! SZ On two other rows, with probability after Tarraco given is the same one shortened by one place inscription among six offices distributed so that from it the following two rows emerge, of those the second in- provided that it is twofold Emission referred to as the letter sometimes without, sometimes with an asterisk: A | E | ON I T RISK srl in my opinion Egg or le eTı PXX 15 XXITXX aa But to the subtle observer who determines this has, will you in it can't agree, that Aequwiti abbreviation be for aequitati; the iugefins stamp error coservati for it m Vienna numismat. Ztschr. 1873 p. 102fg.

252 Th. Mommsen: Equitius. conservatori, that impossible abbreviation can never be justified. manufacture. It seems obvious to me that this is the name of the official is who headed the coinage under Probus. Equitius or Aequitius - both spellings can be found, but the predominance is the first — is a not in the third and fourth centuries unusual cognomen'), and this Equitius may be a prelude fahr of the consul of the same name in 374. 1) Sig(no) — d. h. with a nickname - Equitü himself a centurion on one Inscription from J. 244 (C.I.L.II, 2706). As cognomen Equitia C. VI, 22134; Aequitius C.I.L.VII, 7092. X, 2117; Aequitia C. VIH, 4024. Also for The spelling Aequitius is found for the consul (Rossi insert. ch. urb. Romae n. 244); however, that is in the public Inscriptions C.I.L.III, 3653. 56702; Eph. epigr. IIn. 718 applied better authenticated with a simple vocal. Th. Mommsen.

X and KLxc on gold coins the company Nicomedia. Recently I had the opportunity to look into value figures to deal with Roman coins, and that's what occurred to me Missong’s essay: “The precursors of the value number OB Roman gold coins” (Ztschr. f. Num. B. VIL p. 240f.), which I which I had previously only read superficially, is now in my mind again. Missong, who unfortunately has already gone home, explains in the above Essays the to Time of Diocletian occurring characters O and = for value numbers, namely the former for 70, the latter for 60. After the big material, the Missong performs how According to his successful proofs, this is not at all possible doubt this determination, and Friedländer’s earlier discovery The value number OB (72) is thereby completely confirmed. But now Missong has found another sign, which, however, only occurs at the Officin Nicomedia. Here He found it difficult to decipher it, even though it was he came pretty close to it. This character, KLXC or also just X only appears for coins listed in the SMN (sacra moneta nicomedensis) have. The MX appears at Constantius Chlorus, Galerius Maximianus, Severus, Maximinus Daza as Caesar and Constantinus Magnus as Caesar. This NLXC occurs in Galerius Maximianus, Severus (barbarian Fabrik), Galeria Valeria and Maximinus Daza as Caesar. Missong says: “The minting of the coins with this Monogram falls in the short period from mid 305 to

254 Max Schmidt: at least middle 307, since neither Daza nor Augustus (308) nor Constantinus Magnus as fil. Aug. (307) and later too from the same not a.lapel more available with NX is. As far as the interpretation of this is concerned, the basic Most connoisseurs of this coin era have so far thought of it in vain tried.' Missong contributes what little there is about it yet say lets, and also mentions Friedländer’s work version of (in Ztschr. f. Number Vol. II p. 13f. “About some enigmatic letters on coins from the time of Diocletian''). N and MULXGC and tried to find the LX of the last The lower monogram can be interpreted as a value symbol for 60, whereby Of course, he has nothing with the superfluous C and the V above the L knows how to start. Missong likes an interpretation of L+V = 55, or L-V = 45 (on a pound) because this is the case the weight of these gold pieces do not match would, although L-V —=45 half of the following in the monogram xXC=C-X-= 90 would be. A beautiful Aureus from Galerius Maxi mianus with M gave a weight of 5.25g, an aureus of the Severus with MX of 5.35g; to a '/,, pound would therefore not be to think, because the weight of 5.95 g is not reached, even less in !/,, pounds, after which the weight even drops to 7.288 roses. But the weight of the M series is excellent to the */,, pieces, of which the most beautifully preserved up to 5.43 8 weigh. Since the gold pieces have the relevant two monograms were minted in Nicomedia, the residence of Galerius both Friedlanders like Missong of the opinion, that M a Nicomede gold sigle, which is a kind of leading courant of this city, so that the pieces in question are thereby appear to be pronounced according to the Nicomedean style, which is what with Consideration of the later CONOB would have a lot going for it. But this is where Missong stops, rather than because of the of to continue researching the analogy he found. It just took one more step and he would have made the right decision; despite- He deserves the glory of having brought about the interpretation.

1 Ban nn Se 5 = a = —— NC and KLXC on gold coins from Officin Nicomedia. 255 Like the CONOB, the KLXC undergoes decomposition instead MX is already as a Nicomede sign or gold sigle recognized, L with V still awaits an explanation, while in the Continuation XC the number 90 emerges; one would therefore pre- have to read commonly: According to Nicomede currency, a nine- umpteenth The LV seemed to me to be unconnected from the start. put numerals to be because you can present numbers more clearly used to represent, and because of the L it is not a Greek mono- gram, as Missong suggests, who did the whole thing because of the K also doesn't think it's Latin, but rather a mixture. In it he is also right, because X can only be a Greek mono- gram for Nicomedia (which may already be from earlier time), or here specifically a Nicomedian gold standard sign, probably to be distinguished from the Latin abbreviation of the city name N, which only means the mint. This LV is now neither a number symbol nor a Greek monogram, therefore it can only be a Latin composition, which that connects X to XC, for greater clarification. at- carries and gives the whole a more specific expression. I consider L and V as the first letters of the words lege va- Lente and read accordingly: Nicomedensi lege valente XC (one ninetieth after that in Nicomedia legally applicable gold currency). This should mean that the right solution has been found, which, by the way, is Missong already have suspected must, since he is on The conclusion of his treatise suggests that the L in I perhaps to refer to the word lex be. After the Solution results yourself well, that the Roman gold pieces, from of which 60 went to the Roman pound, according to the one in Nicomedia applicable currency just ninetieth were. With those back then This clarification is necessary given the fluctuating Roman gold conditions necessary and Nicomedia to to have been entitled to the same. This mighty, flourishing city was used by Diocletian to resist from the east, Galerius held court there and the K would perhaps play the same role on the coins as the later one CON(OB) played when Constantin d. Gr. not preferred Journal for Numismatics XV, 17

256 Max Schmidt: would have been nicer and at least strategically better located To make Constantinople the capital of the Eastern Empire. I'm not able to carry out metrological investigations about the Roman and to employ Asia Minor Goldfuss; but as far as the latter is concerned, I would like to believe that he himself In the Diocletian period the ancient Asia Minor (Iydi- sche) Goldfuss, so that when calculating the Nicomedia gold feet probably refer to the old ones in Asia Minor Gold coins fall back can. Of these, which ones rich- Weigh about 8.1g!) 60 went to the mine, which then min- weighs at least 486g. From the Diocletian sixtieth to 5.4g let 90 equal 60 Nicomedia pieces; 90 x 5.4 g makes now also 486g. It then appears certain that in Nicomedia, in memory of the ancient gold medals of Asia Minor embroidered items that had long since disappeared from circulation there was invoice money based on it, which, in return above the red, which was in a transitional stage under Diocletian mix gold currency, had a fixed rate and to the in Talking time at !/, higher as the Roman gold stood has. The Nicomedia currency has the old one Calculation based on mines and talents, and it It can be assumed that you can also find it in other preferred cities the province of Asia was still guided by this at such a late date. That the name of the Nicomedia gold currency after 307 no longer occurs, this may be because Constantin d. Gr. a reform and centralization of the Roman coin occurred and for this purpose all secondary currencies, including the of Nicomedia will have suppressed until he becomes sole ruler was given the power to carry out his plans and the OB currency of Con- to establish Stantinople. Finally, I would like to have one more thought: came to me later, space give. Namely, should 1) The ancient Roman Aurei show the same weight 40 pieces per pound of 327.45 g.

N and RYLXC on gold coins from Officin Nicomedia. 257 probably Nicomedien himself in the expression of the mentioned mo- nogramm series may have been involved and the coin was for a short time Have had time under lease from Galerius? The position Nico media and his favoritism under Galerius would probably allow that to, all the more so since the indication of a municipal currency a purely imperial gold coin that circulated throughout the empire was not only unnecessary, but downright absurd er- seems. But it has the city the coin had a lease, so She must have been interested in using her own currency instead of that of the empire on the coins she initiated. That Nicomedia has a special position when it comes to coins has taken, it should also emerge from this that the The gold pieces mentioned are exactly the same copper coins Of course they are strange in that they are also a mono gram show, that out CMH exists and is still unexplained. It can't be considered a number symbol, it's probably stuck a civil servant's name or a curator (or conductor) monetae H behind it. Those monogrammatic additions on the lapels of the Nicomedia gold and copper coins indicate mine opinion sure that that these pieces from the officially imperial ones are to be distinguished, and that in them we pro- products of a communal character can be recognized. Max Schmidt. 17*

The Cretan coin with mnAAIDN. (To the editor.) Last year, during my stay in Berlin, have I one Essay “About some indefinite Cretan Coins” in the magazine you published (Vol. XIV, p. 77f£.) indented. Since I have left Berlin in the meantime to go to London for further numismatic studies to go, could I to you not the sequel mine essay send, and da”i now besides soon my hoped to publish a special work on Cretan coins, believed I think it wasn't of particular interest. However, I would now like to tell you about one point to send an addendum to my essay because I am certain that he is of particular interest to you and joy will do.

S. N. Svoronos: The Cretan coin with MnAAIONn. 259 As you probably remember, at the time mentioned- schrift (1885, p. 395) a didrachm the Paris collection, which from Pellerin Pergamon, from Sestini Medeon in Phocis has been assigned, proposed to be recognized as Cretan, at the same time considering it to belong to the city of Matala. By discussing the same coin in my essay, I thought it right to write the following: “That old didrachm with the inscription MRAAIRQN or “MRAANDN, that so happy of Mr. de Sallet as Cretan “Origin has been recognized, rather it belongs to one as yet unknown “Known city, as the known Matala, to which Lord “Thought by Sallet. Everything we know about Matala “is limited to the fact that it is a port town (erivsov), only the “City of Phaestos, then after Phaestos conquered by Gortyna “was the city of Gortyna. But now there was no Cretan influence “City, which ones as Port location to one more powerful belonged, “own coins. The coins, which from Arsino& and Cher- “sonesos were struck when these cities themselves- “were constant and independent of Lyttos. It's true that “Matala may have minted its own coins during “the occupation by one of the parties in Gortyna, which “banished, took control of the city of Matala in 220 BC, “but the didrachm, around that it what is happening here is heard "a much older time; Mr. v. Sallet rightly claims, "that it belongs [at least] to the fourth century. Self “if reading MNAAADN instead of MRAAIRN were safe, it would “It would still be very difficult to find a dialectical form “to be considered Moreleiov. The letter A transforms “in the Cretan dialect in T (cf. #7v, Tyjv, T&v for Zeus, mountain “mann, d. inser. Cret. and Voretzsch, Hermes IV, 282. T&v too “on Cretan coins, Mionnet II, 257), but we have, like this “As much as I know, nowhere an example that replaces 2 with A "become; furthermore, Matala has of course, according to the Cretan “play mile, aiwv, Dalaocove, aiwv, Augıudiia, aiwv, Antd- “00, alwv, Taooa, aiwv,’EAsvIEova, aiov, Adrına, aiwv U. S. W.

260 S.N. Svoronos: “to the Gen. plur. Mare) Alov, what insurmountable difficulties “abilities for identification with the inscription on our coin “bring with you would, which then has two letters “Al would be missed.” (Journal for Numbers XIV, 5. 89 f.) After I left London I visited Dr. In- hoof-Blumer in Winterthur, where I had the opportunity to see his rich collection of Cretan coins and casts see; under the latter have I bought a second copy I saw the coin I mentioned, their publication as well as all more Cretan coins from his collection with rare readiness willingly I was allowed. This coin, from who I am sending you the cast has Mr. Imhoof found in the Florentine collection when he with the writing of his rich catalog of Cretan coins busy. Here is the description. IR 31mm. — Bearded head to the right (Zeus). R/. MRAAIRN bull head from the front. In the field on the left Counterstamp. Weight 11.50 gr. — Florence. This coin confirms, firstly, that you are correctly Parisian copy as Cretan recognized have; mentioned counter- stamp') occurs, as far as I know, only in Creta, and on coins from several cities, namely: in Knosos: Londoner Coin Cabinet = Wroth, Catalogue of the Greek coins of Crete 8. 18, 4, plate IV, 10 and p. 19, 6 and 8. Plate IV, 13; Paris Coin Cabinet No. 2472 — Mionnet U, Knosos No. 52; a “. Imhoof-Blumer Collection; N ” 1) Despite my many researches and the good preservation of the Like all numismatists, it was impossible for me, like all numismatists, to know what his symbol was and which city it belongs to can be identified with certainty. short- Well, I was happy enough to explain it with certainty and I will write about this in particular soon, because it is one of the most important questions in Cretan numismatics!

The Cretan coin with MQAAIQON. 261 in Kydonia: Vienna Coin Cabinet; in Gortys: Cohen, Collection Greau 1867 No. 1567 Plate V,6 = Annuaire de la soc. de number et arch. III, p.30; in Eleutherna: Paris Coin Cabinet No. 2594 = Pellerin, Recueil III, plate XCVIII, 15, = Mionnet II, Eleutherna No. 146. in Lyttos: Berlin Coin Cabinet = Friedlaender and v. Sallet, the king. Coin Cabinet No. 45; in Phalasarna; London Coin Cabinet = Wroth, 1. c. 8.65, 3. "Bat. X VI, 9, Consequently remains probably no longer a doubt left that the Coin Cretan is as you said. It also confirms that I was right too her assignment to Matala was not accepted and proposed to have, the coin rather a completely unknown city to allocate to Modaia. You can see that this is in very good condition copy has the inscription MRAAIRN and not MRAAARN- By the way, I recently visited the Paris Ex- clearly viewed in the original. It certainly has a bit of an impact damaged I and not A. Now we have a new city name again, the “exe, rourrolıs” Crete. Since the types of our coin are the same as those of Polyrhenion are, then you probably have to Modaia in the Find the neighborhood of Polyrhenion. Addendum. The city of Modaia, whose types exactly those of Polyr- henion are, is highly likely today's village MRAH (=MRAA), near Polyrhenion, where we find ruins found in an ancient city. Rhithymna in Crete. S.N. Svoronos.

The coins of the Wildeshausen provost. The town of Wildeshausen currently belongs to the large Duchy of Oldenburg and is located on the left bank of the Hunte and indirectly on the border of the province of Hanover. Wildeshausen has had this characteristic as a border town ever since first appearance in history. The hunt was eliminated These areas of Westphalia from Lower Saxony and also formed the dividing line between the dioceses of Bremen and Osna- bridge. Wildeshausen is pretty much between these cities in the straight connecting line, but from Osnabrück by about a third of the way further away. His mercantile ab- Dependence on these two trading venues also takes place in the Types of his coins to be described in more detail below their design pressure.

M.E aee en H. Buchenau: The coins of the Wildeshausen provost. 263 The first mention of the place falls in the middle of the ninth Century and was caused by Count Walbert, a grandson of the famous Saxon Duke Wittekind, on his A church was built on the Edelhofe located there and later with which connected a Benedictine monastery. About its founding Walbert knew how to give it a special shine in Rome Pope Leo IV the relics of the holy martyr Alexander to which he did the same in the year 851 as in the triumphal had him transported back home. The monks have the news of these events Fulda, Rudolf and Meginhard, in their -Translatio Sti Alexandri stored (Mon. SS. II). In addition to this translation is that The most important source for the history of the monastery is the copy book the same from the 14th century, which Sudendorf, with with a detailed introduction, in Ehrhard and Gehrken's contemporary Writing for the history and antiquity of Westphalia, Volume VI published. In remaining flow the news about Wildeshausen is extremely sparse, because due to its deported The location also led to the location between heath and moor the most restless times of the Middle Ages a relatively undisturbed existence. A second treatise about the older one story des Abbey can be found at Wilmans, the imperial documents of the province of Western falen (Münster 1867); an incomplete list of the provosts of the Hodenberg, the diocese of Bremen, gave part to IH (Celle 1859). More historical news about Wildeshausen find each other near Vogt, Mon. Brem. ined. I and near Oldenburg and Greverus, Wildeshausen in an ancient relationship (Oldenburg 1839). The foundation deed that Walbert issued for his monastery posed, dated only from the year 872; shortly before, on October 20th 871, had the count for himself and his family the rectorate about the monastery from King Ludwig the German let. According to Walbert's decree, the office of the Rectorate should be in his family hereditary be and one at all spiritual to members of the same; only after eventual extinction

264 H. Buchenau: Walbert’s descendants the monks should are allowed to freely elect an abbot from among themselves. The Rector combined the care of spiritual affairs of the monastery with jurisdiction over the canons and the Ver- management of the property of the same, so far these from the donation Walbert’s came from; The monastery also had a number of its own Goods over which the Rector had no authority. After the possession of the monastery through a century in The Walbert's family inherited one of his last descendant, Bishop Ludolf von Osnabrück, did the same to Emperor Otto II, who donated it in 980 the customs and bans in Wildeshausen to the Memleben monastery. Limited for the next 150 years under this Act All historical information about Wildeshausen is based on a two- occasional occasional mention by Adam of Bremen, and only From the year 1135 onwards we have better news about him fates. From the dependency of Memleben is according to the Donation from the year 980 is no longer mentioned anywhere. The same must soon stopped: we can conclude this from the fact that Memleben “because of great poverty” in 1015 by Emperor Heinrich II to the abbot of Hersfeld is given as a gift (Stumpf Reichsk. II 1643). During the same century the Wildeshäuser Make a constitutional change have suffered because of the Site of the Benedictine monastery occupied by simple monks From now on we will find a collegiate monastery with canons, and that The old office of the Rectorate has experienced a twofold division: in relation The chapter on spiritual matters was under the Headship of a provost, while the secular ownership, so far it from Walbert's donation came from the protection of one subjected to secular bailiffs was. Well to notice is By the way, that next to it the chapter as well as the provost's office owned a certain number of goods that the seller not subject to the bailiff's administration. We know these constitutional conditions from the documents of the 12th and 13th centuries. As “Praepositura” Wildes

"i The coins of the Wildeshausen provost. 2365 lived for the first time with Adam of Bremen in 1069 mentioned (SS. VII, 8. 359). Archbishop Adalbert cherished that Plan, there one of the 12 suffragan dioceses of his dreamed to establish patriarchy (there p. 347) and “after he Plesse, Duisburg, Groningen and Sinzig, he also had Wildes “almost in your hands.” Wilmans on the occasion of his Discussion of the oldest Wildeshausen documents, it has the highest made likely that the last Billunger, Duke Magnus of Saxony, our provost owned. It seems to me this Result his research, however through the acceptance entered must be restricted that Wildeshausen in 1069 as an imperial abbey - through the exchange between Ludolf and It had become that to Otto II - still part of the imperial church estate belonged, because Sinzig and Plesse and the other goods with them Wildeshausen is called together, Adalbert got through imperial munificence, and he lived with the Billungers at that time in bitter hostility. Like now may be, in any case we find the right the provost's office to occupy while of the 12th century in Property of the Guelph Dukes of Saxony, the Billungern followed as heirs. The dignity of the bailiff was same time with the counts from Oldenburg become hereditary, and later, when their family split, a branch resided the same in Wildeshausen. The provost's office remained free from the Guelph herds for only a short time. are dependent. As Count Palatine Heinrich, the son of Henry the Löwen, in 1219, after a long dispute, made his comparison with the Bremen church closed, he renounced it in favor of it et al. also on the possession of the “praepositura Wildeshusen” (Hamb. U.-B. I, 8. 375). As a result of this event, the provost's office closed a dignity for the Bremen Church, after it had only been so far had belonged to the Osnabrück church association. Archbishop Gerhard committed himself three times by express notarization dung, this dignity only belongs to a member of the Bremen Cathedral Chapter to want to transfer (1226, 1231, 1236, ef. Schmidt Bibl. hist.

266 H. Buchenau: God. I, preliminary report 8. 24; Lünig, Spie. ecel. cont. II, p. 949 — 950). A papal legate confirmed this decree in 1230. (Bremer Urk.-B. I, No. 157.) The relationship of dependency to the actual church superiors of the monastery, the bishop of Osnabrück, became according to the same papal document regulated in such a way that this only the “presentation” of the newly appointed provost was given, on the other hand, the final “collation” of the same to the archbishop from Bremen. Through the one mentioned determination, that just one Bremen canons were allowed to be appointed provosts, but this declined The right of the Osnabrück bishop was reduced to an empty formality. assets of those listed above Certificate of the Count Palatine were apparently also his rights to worldly goods ownership of the monastery ceded; the same was free at the time certainly still under of authority the Oldenburger Counts. Final reached the ore pen not until 1270 in the possession of the Bailiwick, after the Wildeshäuser branch line of the House of Olden- castle had died out in the person of Henry the Archer. The Uncle and the father of this last Wildeshäuser, the counts Heinrich and Burkard, had 1229 the bailiwick of the archbishop Gerhard took on loan. (cf. Vogt, Mon. ined. Brem. I, 8.418.) The reasons for this feudal subjugation are disputed. After that extinction The Ascanians also had claims to the Billungers raised at Wildeshausen; they led the same as the Guelphs from their descent from one of the two Billungian hereditary daughters here. Albert, Duke of Saxony, Albrecht's grandson of the Bear, was renounced in 1228 in favor of the Bremen Church these pretensions. Wilmans now has referred to this behavior- Nisse supports and claims the share of the Oldenburgers Wildeshausen, like the property titles of the Guelphs and Ascanians on Inheritance claims based, and from it would be to close, that the Oldenburgers with the Widekind Walbert's family are related (loc. cit. 8. 406). This one Hypothesis likes plausible be, however, she leaves the ground of historical certainty and lacks any evidence.

The coins of the Wildeshausen provost. 267 If we ignore the Ascanians, since they are only pre- tendencies were on Wildeshausen, so that still remains difficult question to deal with, how we should deal with the ity of Wilmans’ constellations the Guelph property titles with the Oldenburg agreed want to think, and how should It would then have been possible for the Count Palatine to be under the complete disregard of these Oldenburg inheritance claims simply cede the “praepositura Wildeshusen* to Bremen could? Also in the documents of the archbishops, which refer to the taking of possession of the monastery and bailiwick is never of there is talk of a special confrontation with the counts, all Bremen rights to the Wildeshauser joint inheritance These documents only refer to the contracts with the Guelphs and Ascanians and the one with the two Olden- burger Counts completed Tenancy agreement not even he- imagines. So says Archbishop Hildebold in his take-possession certificate, the he died in August 1270 of the count Heinrich issued (Sudendorf U.-B. of the Dukes of Braunschw.- “L. II, 8.153): nos ad consules et cives Wildeshusenses personal naliter accedentes, cum ecclesia Wildeshusensis et civitas ad nos et nostram ecclesiam pertineret, tamquam ad temporalem domi- num, pleno jure requisivimus, ut nobis et ecelesie nostre eandem civitatem cum omnibus juribus suis traderent, que per mortem dieti Comitis (Heinrich von Oldenburg) ad nos et nostram ecele- Siam fuerat devoluta, prout in privilegiisillustrium prin- cipum Hinrici comitis palatini reni, et Alberti dueis Saxonia, ostendimus manifeste. Already said the same thing Archbishop Gerhard in the documents from Lünig listed above from 1231 and 1236, namely that he was through the cession of Duke and of the Count Palatine Church and town of Wildes hausen and thus became secular lord of the monastery (“dominus temporalis”) also the right of collation of the provost received. After this one everyone seems the historical tradition to speak clearly and decisively for Sudendorf’s view

268 H. Buchenau: which we state to Wilmans: namely, that the counts from Oldenburg their bailiwick over the Walbert estates The monastery only had possession as a Guelph fief. The events followed accordingly in the manner of one vander: Count Palatine Heinrich stayed according to the treaty of 1219 until the end of his life in the usufruct of all of his assignments. His death took place 1227. That's how they won Bremen's claims have full legal force, but initially they were raised by Duke Albert Reason of its mentioned above Billungian ancestry fought. Only after the express waiver has been made for these claims had been made (1228, cf. Pratje, Brem. Verd. VI, P. 110), the Oldenburgers made themselves comfortable with the archbishop Gerhard their new feudal lord over the Wildeshauser Bailiwick to recognize goods. (1229 March.) From 1270 onwards, Wildeshausen was temporarily divided the send- sale of the archbishopric. In 1376 it was founded by Archbishop Albert the cathedral chapter and the council of Bremen were pledged, these were seized it to Johann von Diepholz in 1390. In the same way Wildeshausen finally became dependent on Münster for a long time; it remained at this monastery until 1648, when it was the original originally bremische Enclave with the archbishopric to Sweden was assigned. The mint in Wildeshausen can only be found in documents mentioned in one place, and this says that the coinage The same belonged to the provost there. After in 1306 deaths occurred of the archbishop Henry united the Cathedral provost, the cathedral dean and the individual canons Bremen Church, around a whole range of chapter rights and to conjure up the individual dignity of the same, so that everyone among them, whom the new election affects, they should leave unharmed: “Nouerint vniuersi”hanc literam inspecturj, quod prepositus De- canus et singuli canonicj ecclesie Bremensis prestituerunt Jura- mentality tactis sacrosanctis evangelijs, quod quicunque futurus sit Archiepiscopus Bremensis ex eis compleat and obseruet Jura Capituli et articulos inferius notatos quorum tenor talis est.”

The coins of the Wildeshausen provost. 269 Among these articles there is also the following: “item prepositus wildeshusensis habebit in wildeshusen monetam liberam.” The Certificate is dated December 16, 1306 and can be found printed by Hodenberg, the Stader Copiar (Hannover 1850) p. 110. The question is, since when the provost's office this freedom of coinage (“monetam liberam”) possessed. Certainly before 1306; the rights, which ones the chapter yourself in the attached document securitize makes appear as traditional, and in any case It is incomprehensible why among the Bremen provosts especially who should have used this sedisvacancy at Wildeshausen, in order to determine the right to mint, and why the others members des Chapters him these favoritism granted have should. Anyway have to we assume that the The provost was already in de facto possession of the coin before 1270 found on the shelf have, and those from the second quarter of the Coins from the 15th century, which are related to them more generous Security assign let, confirm this assumption thung. Description of the coins to be sent to Wildeshausen. 1. Aj. Bishop with two-pointed miter with long infels provided is, right the crook, on the left holding a closed book, on one with animal heads sitting on decorated folding chairs. * LVDOL—-F9 EPC. RF twin crosshairs, wrapped in ball crosses. % OTTO PREPOSITVS. Weight: 1.3 gr. From heritage stone, Schellhass’s Coin collection, Dresden 1870. No. 729. 2. Same type. Hf. LYDOL—F9 EPC., instead of the cross separates one five-petal rose the inscription. R/. OTTO PREPOSITI %. Erbstein 730-732. 6 copies Weight: 25 1285 1.1512; 1074 LIT 6 Add specimens this type in the Berlin cabinet, according to one of them is Fig. No. 2.

270 H. Buchenau: 3. Same type. _ Hf. from the stamp of No. 2. Rf. OTTO PREPOSINV * Heritage stone 733. 2 Explained 1:1; 12 gr. 4. Same type. | H/. Stamp of No. 2. | R/. MONETA OT PR-* Erbstein 734-736. 4 copies Weight 11.18, 15 11; 1.2 ar. 5. Same type. St. ...—=...COPV. Rf. *# - ONETA OTO weight 1.34 size, diameter 17"; from Grote, Osnabr. Mz. Tf.1 No. 12 and correction to p. 68. 6th Hf. from stamp no. 2. R/. MONETA PREPO *. Erbstein No. 737-741, 15 copies between 1.35 and 0.85 gr. | 7th Bishop with two-pointed miter, on a folding chair | sitting, right the crook, left a church holding model. & OTTO P9 =... R/. Head of Saint Paul in a halo: ....CTVS PAV... weight 1.65 gr. 8. Same type. On the H/. is the rose over the head the episcopal figure is greater and does not just serve as a separator for the inscription, as on No. 7. OTT...REPOS & (only the lower half of the R received). BI DANGTNVSKL UN. diameter both specimens 15—16mm. wt. 1.36 gr. Both pieces are in the Berlin cabinet, No. 7 from Grote's collection, pictured Münzstud. I, Plate 17, No. 14; No. 8 see fig. Otto Edelherr von der Lippe, to whom this was described above assigned coins, achieved the dignity of a provost von Wildeshausen in 1231 (ef. Schmidt, biblical Gött. I, pre- report XXVII). As provost of Wildeshausen will he to

The coins of the Wildeshausen provost. 271 last mentioned in 1243 (Erh. and Gehrken op. cit. 8,249). As “Otto prepositus@ without any further designation The title can be found in the Hoyer U.-B in 1246. I, 54 as partisan of the count from Tecklenburg in the feud of the same against Count Otto von Ravensberg. Since he was provost from Wildeshausen the Bremen cathedral chapter had to belong, So he is obviously the same person as the Bremen cathedral provost Otto from the lip; as such appears he first 1241 (Vogt, Mon. ined. II, 38. 40. 42), last in 1248 cal. Jun. at Ehrentraut, Fries. Archive II, p. 351. May we have another one? allow assumptions that are not directly based on documentary evidence. belief supports, it is he who in 1248 - according to Wilmans October 5th - became Bishop of Münster and as such ruled until 1259. We have each other in terms of the top six Numbers of the coins described above with three different to come to terms with different allocations. Grote has a copy of No. 4 in his Münsterschen Coin history discussed and assumed in our “Otto pre- positus” a cathedral provost of Münster, whose name refers to this Coins named alongside that of Bishop Ludolf. On the other hand, the following should be noted. Apart from that from that Circumstances that in Nos. 4-6 expressly the provost Otto as the actual mint owner is referred to (“moneta Ottonis pre- positi*), there is no documentary justification as to why the bishop Ludolf von Holte a cathedral provost temporarily appears should be named on the coins of his ecclesiastical superior. At that time there were still two different cathedral chapters in Münster, that of the new cathedral, the “ecclesia maior”, and that from the old one Cathedral, the “vetus ecclesia S. Pauli”. Neither of these two Chapter we know that it is temporarily under Bishop Ludolf about as a deposit in the possession of the coin. And If you wanted to make this assumption yourself, that would be it but it is hardly likely that the cathedral provost instead of the cathedral pitels yourself as the coin lord would have call let. So- then is during the first half of the 13th century for Journal of Numismatics, XV, 18

272 H. Buchenau: Neither of the two Münster chapters has a cathedral provost by name Otto documented; see the almost complete list niss of these cathedral provosts of both churches at Wilmans, regesta hist. Westf. Vol. II. Erbsteins in Schellhass’ catalog are looking for the origin of our coins in eastern Frisia. Yes is a provost Otto is not documented for any of the nine East Frisian provosts. delivers. The simultaneous Frisian chronicle of emo by Witt- Who doesn't mention this name. The provost of Utrecht, Otto von der Lippe (Mon. SS. 23, 410), who lived as such until 1215 functioned, cannot be considered in any way. The there- former main mint in eastern Frisia, which is in Emden, According to Tergast's statements, it was in use until 1253. seat of the Count of Ravensberg and then passed into the hands of the Bishop of Münster about. Only towards the end of the 14th century Some Frisian provosts struck their own coins _—_. As far as we know, only those from Emden and Weener, namely only since the power of the Bishop of Münster in Friesland has been so was almost destroyed, and the country devolved into a series of un- dependent chiefdoms had fragmented. We have to Furthermore, against Erbstein's statement, state that denarii are similar Hitherto it has not been possible to find evidence of this from Friesland. The explanation which finally comes from Chautard, Mon. au type Est. Vol. I is only a makeshift. He traces the coins Osnabrück and talks about an “Othon, qui gouvernat l’eveche en qualit& de pr&vot pendant un an 1226—1227*. However Osnabrück was ruled by an Otto at the time, but this one Otto was a bishop and is also named in the only name given by him received document as (ef. Reg. Westf. No. 248). It's not reason evident, why this prince of the church focuses on his Coins should have been demoted to provost. The reg. Hist. Westf. do not know any of the Osnabrück cathedral provosts either name that could be considered; Otto, provost of the cathedral 1216-1221, falls outside of all consideration because his Term of office falls before that of Bishop Ludolf.

5 “ The coins of the Wildeshausen provost. 273 After all this, we can decide how to allocate ours Coins to the provost Otto von Wildeshausen all the more quieter than, according to the above statements, a few decades later these provosts were found to be in documented possession of the right to mint seem. The pieces described under No. 16 are from almost all of them are from a find near Brümmerlohe in the county Hoya was discovered not far from Wildeshausen. The youngest datatable pieces this one at Erbstein a. a. ©. recorded Find from the abbess Ida of Herford (1245-1264). the terminus post quem for the burial of the find. Ours Wildeshauser coins are considered exact imitations of the older denarius type of Bishop Ludolf of Münster (1226—1248) to view. The main page with the inscription: “Ludolfus epec.” is the bare copy of the Münster type. Completely similar pieces left Count Otto von Ravensberg (1226-1245) in the Vechta, located a few hours south of Wildeshausen shape. The numbers 7 and 8 are also our Provost Otto to be assigned and are imitations of the younger one to the bishop Ludolf's denarius type (cf. Grote, M.-M. No. 25, Cappe, Plate II, 20, 21). The model in the bishop's hand indicates apparently based on the new building of the cathedral in Münster, which was in his Late Romanesque parts were completed under Ludolf's reign must. Grote has No.7 a.a. 0. described and the successor Ludolf's in the dignity of Münster, the bishop Otto II (1248- 1259). As an inscription on the ms., G. gives “OTTOP9 — .,. EPC” does not appear to be possible due to the addition of a second one copy belonging here; on his now in Berlin In most copies the last three letters are completely missing; the addition of this inscription becomes “OTTO P9 = POSITVS”. assured by the inscription of No. 8; from which close- Unmistakable traces of the S appear on Grote’s copy. A particularly noteworthy phenomenon is that that with the exception of No. 1 on the main pages of all ® . . .. Wildeshauser denarii listed above over the head of the 18*

274 H. Buchenau: A five-petaled rose appears instead of the bishop's figure Cross, which on the Münster models serves as a separating symbol sign the inscription is attached. All at Grote, Cappe and Erbstein's listed Münster pieces do this Cross. As far as our Wildeshauser is concerned, the rose has it Especially on No. 8, a very noticeable width is preserved, all of them According to probability, this makes the coin recognizable to give distinctive signs. On the similar in Vechta made denarii appears in the same place The rose has a small sign with the Ravensberg rafters. In any case, we can have the coat of arms of the noble lords in this rose from the Lippe, to whom the provost Otto through his gifts Burt belonged. Meanwhile, the rose suggests something else- clearer explanation. She also appears on the ca. 1270 coined pieces No. 9 and must have the same meaning there. have, like the rose on the oldest Wildeshausen town seal. Grote a.a. 0. describes this seal based on a copy from the year 1295 as follows: Rose between towers, below a open gate and a head with a halo inside. In view looks on it, that Archbishop Hildebold after his owner In 1271 the town of Wildeshausen was seized with the right dedicated to the city of Bremen, Sudendorf notes that Wildes- It is only since this event that the town has had a town hall had its own seal. Both are incorrect. Rather Hildebold already finds advice when he takes possession constitution (cf. Sudendorf, Br.-L U-B.1 8 3208: unos0ad consules et cives W. personaliter accedentes). From the seal type can we two things close, first of all, that same thing must have been made no later than 1234 and also that the city constitution for Wildeshausen dates back to this time. The head on the city's seal means the saint Mexander, the patron saint the provost, the rose is that Coat of arms of the sovereign, i.e. h. of the owner of the Vogteirecht- same. Later, when the state sovereignty passed to the Archbishopric of Bremen had passed over, swapped the city at the occasional

The coins of the Wildeshausen provost. 275 Renewal of their seal the rose with the Bremen key. A copy of this younger seal on one in the Bremen archive The document from 1395 shows the head and one triangular shield with the key, both on the sides of one Tower surrounded by battlements and house-shaped buildings is, msehriftn.. so... VM x OPIDANORVM x IN x VILDESHVSEN }. The character these capital letters and the double crosses as Separation symbols, like those on the simultaneous neighboring coins from Bremen, Hoya and Diepholz are popular conclude that the creation of this seal goes something like this third Quarter des 14th century falls. The Rose, that coat of arms the previous bailiffs, will just from Counts Henry III (—1234) and his younger brother Burchard (—1233) (cf. Grote, Mzst. VOL, p. 492); they had this Coat of arms image from her mother Beatrice, one heir daughter of Counts of Hallermund, came over. The successor this one two counts in the bailiwick of Wildeshausen, the son of Burchard, Heinrich IV the Bogener, returned to the Oldenburg binding shields back, while on the basis of the primogeniture the Haller Mundschen roses donated by Heinrich’s III’s eldest son Line to Neubruchhausen remained. It's just that of them Counts Heinrich III and Burchard coat of arms, which also appears on the oldest city seal, and it must be there whether those on the provost's coins are not also asked Rose appearing to Otto can be explained in the same sense. With regard to the importance of the rose on the Wildes hauser types may also be the following from Erbstein Type described in Schellhass’ catalog no. 969 Wildeshausen to move: Hf. (Rose) S(AN)CT (9?) PAVLV’ Paul’s head from the front with Nimbus. ZR/. (Shield marriage with the lip. Rose) MONA(ST)ERIVM Twin reticle, one six-blade at each angle Rose. Size: 18". 2 Expl. E04 and Ellen

276 H. Buchenan: Erbstein's refer these denarii to the noble lords of the lip, but note: “very similar sterling struck Otto von Ravensberg in his Vechte mint.* Dem is to add that the noblemen of the Lippe in general only rarely and only in later times did the Münster style appear have copied, and that therefore the probable reasons for the allocation to Wildeshausen the larger ones are likely to be; the local character of this type seems unmistakable. This one Probability would be given even greater weight if, as I would like to assume, these pieces also belong to the Brümmer came from loose finds. There is no sign on this coin available, that the provost had them minted, so could They may have come from Counts Heinrich and Burchard. 9th Hf. Clergyman with a pointed miter, sitting on a chair Sitting animal heads, on the left a cross-shaped one Holding a scepter, one on the right can no longer be recognized - the object, according to Grote's assumption, a branch. N DL R/. Triple arch decorated with pearls, three above Towers, including a five-petaled rose, from one Circles enclosed. C.......DISH9. Dm. 14mm. Weight 1.40 gr. Comes from the Rentruper Finde, 1866; for the first time discussed and the county Wildeshausen assigned by Grote, VAT VII, p. 492. S. Fig. This coin is an exact imitation of the Wieden- Brück minted denarii of the Bishop of Osnabrück, Widekind von Waldeck, 1265-1270 (cf. Cappe, plates VI 6, 7). For domestic Remains of writing on the main page cannot be satisfactorily explained. find clarification, by the way, instead of the two E's there may be one each C to read. It cannot be assumed that the name of the Bishop of Osnabrück should be copied on this piece, as in the older pieces by Provost Otto; according to Grote the inscription on this exemplary Osnabrück denarius “Wide- kindus” or “Widecindus”. Provosts were in Wildeshausen

The coins of the Wildeshausen provost. 377 at this time: Konrad von Rietberg until 1270, then bishop of Osnabrück, mentioned for the first time in 1260 (Ledebur Archive XV, Issue I, 61); his successor Dietrich is last mentioned in 1290 (Hodenberg, Bücken 44); Moritz von probably followed him Oldenburg, whom we find mentioned as provost from 1301 to 1306. The scepter that the priest wields on our denarii, As far as I know, it only appears in this form on Osnabrücker Denarii namely first with this Bishop Widekind. As symbol of the secular dominion is due it was only given to one princes clergy, and is therefore for a provost of Wildeshausen inappropriate. The inscription on the back complements each other without difficulty to “Civitas Wildish9”. The rose within the circle is open- bar the Osnabrück Rade as similar as possible to which one Widekind's denarii appears in the same place. The next following Wildeshausen types fall into this category second half of the 14th century and are all after- formations of the denarius type at Münster lately of Bishop Ludwig (1310-1357). On the Lower Weser became this type by name through those modeled after him, The Bremen Swarovians, which have been minted since 1369, are widespread. 10. Z/. Head of St. Paul with halo, next to him On the right his hand with the sword, on the left an empty one triangular label. SANCTVSS* = xPAVLVS « R/. Bishop, sitting, with pointed miter, with his right hand Giving blessings, a closed book in his left hand holding... MONETA <—=*WILDES* (See illustration in the MS.) A small find of these coins is mentioned in the auction catalog Garthe, Cologne 1884, No. 6006. Two copies of it in the cabinet in Münster (diameter of the same approx. 15 mm, weight 0.83 gr.), other copies in the Berlin cabinet (afterwards the illustration), in the Westermann Collection in Bielefeld and Grote in Hanover; the- The same results in the above inscriptions when put together.

278 H. Buchenau: 11. Same type. H/. the shield has a geometric pattern, slanted from left to right, not completely complete as a whole recognizable. -REDER—..., Te —WILDESH. The piece is particularly well-known Lich by the shape of the clasp on the casula of the Bishop, it forms a large recessed cross. Dm. 15mm. S. Fig. Owned of the Lord Stud. Bäthgen in Göttingen. This Piece was found in Osnabrück, together with de- Naren of the nobleman Johann von Diepholz, 1377-1421 (cf. N. S. A. 1883, p. 48), and with some according to Grote's communication Vechta according to the type of the Bishop of Münster Florence (1364— 1379) minted denarii (cf. Erbstein, Schellhass 2438), which were previously moved to Vianen. 12. Same type. Hf. The label is slanted, between that Swords and a small cross on the saint's head. .E.. = WILDESHVS. The letters are not However, they are all only visible in the lower half. Bi Dm. 15 mm, weight 0.95 gr. The piece comes from the find from Osterholz near Bremen and is first described in N. S. A. 1880, p. 60. 13. Same type. Hf. apparently empty label next to the head, strong blurred. ...... cYse.,.,, Dm. 15mm, weight 0.88 gr. Also from the Osterholz find and in the possession of author. At the time where these three types of coins emerged be had to, were provosts of Wildeshausen: Hermann from who- sabe, first mentioned in 1315 (Lisch-Maltzan I, 225), last on April 13, 1380 (Br. U.-B. III, No. 561); then Rudolf or Ro-

The coins of the Wildeshausen provost. 2379 land (Rolf) von Bordeslo, mentioned as provost of Wildeshausen to February 26, 1383 (Br. U.-B. IV, 19) and also Liborius of Bremen 1406 (Br. U.-B. IV, 351). Apparently none of these names match the ones found on No. 11. preserved inscribed remains. The one at Leitzmann in the signpost to German Coin customer given note, that the embossing too Wildeshausen was mostly in the possession of the local bailiffs be, helps us out of this embarrassment. Leitzmann refrains from doing so indicate the source of this message, the correctness of the same is, however, confirmed by the findings of the historical material. The archiepiscopal bailiffs of Wildeshausen can be found in Mentioned during the 14th century: Hermann von Apen, 1332 (Br. U.-B. II, 335), Liborius of Bremen, 1350 (Br. U.-B. I, 621, 625), then Friedrich von Schagen, first in 1360, January 18 (Southern village Br.-L. U.-B. VI, 271, 1), last in 1386, April 13 (Br. U.-B. IV, 60); He was followed by his son Hugo, last mentioned in 1398, July 4th (Br. U.-B. IV, 219). Vogt, mon. brake. ined. I, p. 432 knows about the arbitrary ability of this bailiff to tell Friedrich, he has e.g. B. in years In 1367 a privilege was granted to the city of Wildeshausen at its own discretion granted. Also those described above Big pennies are from went out from this bailiff; the remains of the inscriptions can be left without Add difficulty to “Fredericus”. The correctness of this allocation is confirmed by the The drawing of the seals of these two bailiffs confirmed this. A seal by Friedrich von Schagen can be found in the Bremen archive a certificate from 1379 (Br. U.-B. III, 550); it shows a shield with a tree-like arabesque, the helmet above is wheel-shaped with 12 feathers, inscription: Ss’ FREDERIC [X DE X SCAGHEN X MILITIS * Friedrich's son Hugo leads on the document from 1395 (Br. U.-B. IV, 167) a seal with the same helmet, which represents a shield below is by four horizontal and four vertical ones Strokes ge- grids. Inscription: SI’ HVGONIS DE SCA -EN (the last two letters ligated).

280 H. Buchenau: The coins of the Wildeshausen provost. To all appearances after have they make a simple one colored sign led; the same appears on the coins and Seal now empty, now with any meaningless thing Pattern filled out. On and for. Otherwise the assumption would be correct suggests that the maker of the second seal described above alluding to the family name a broken field would have wanted to represent. The allocation of No. 12 to the Bishop of Münster, Johann von Virneburg (1363-1364), which I a. a. O. tried cannot be maintained in any way, although It was reasonable to assume that the barred sign meant that Virneburg's diamond coat of arms should be expressed. It is against this assumption also the circumstance to lead into the field, that the bishop's family coat of arms was on the Münster de never appear next to the head of the patron saint, but always appears on the bishop's chest. The origin of No. 13 is due to its poor preservation. tion somewhat questionable; the only northwest German dynast, on the remains of the inscriptions according to the main page this coin could be related, Erich von Hoya, because of the brevity his name cannot be considered because the empty intermediate The space before the last three letters of the name appears to be replaced by one a much larger number of letters were filled in than which the name Erich provides. Other coins that are almost certain to be wild hausen were expelled, I did not become aware of it, possibly lich is, however, that with continued attention even more from this one difficult to identifying Embossed will be found. Dr. Heinrich Buchenau.

Three coin finds from the Xth and XIth centuries Century. A. The second find from Klein-Roscharden. Already 8,253 from the previous year. At the moment I'm over two finds reported, which took place over the course of three years Klatte’schen Hof of the Klein-Roscharden farming community (near Lastrup in Austrian Oldenburg) lifted been are. Regarding des older, consisting of only 73 coins I that fellow nothing to add to the division, I am against that excavated later but laid down a little earlier, a lot considerable treasure through the favor of Mr. W. A. Wippo in Münster, the same one in hands for examination has had the following details about its composition: provided with sufficient explanatory information a Verdun. 1) Replica coins of the denarius of Henry I (Dannenberg 91), namely from the 8th 89 a. a. O. described small, German of the kind that Cappe boldly interprets and reinterpretation of meaningless transcriptions under the kings Arnulf, Ludwig IV and Conrad I distributed 16 pcs Cologne. 2) Otto L, Dbg. 331 (i.e. with OTTO REX) 4 pieces 3) Otto II, Dbg. 333 (i.e. OTTO IMPERATOR) 2 8 4) Otto II, Dbg. 335 (i.e. ODDO REX) 101 pieces 1) Meanwhile is the same reached the local K. Münzkabinett, where I was able to check it. This made additions necessary and, however, a partial informality of this essay, because of which I ask for your indulgence.

282 H. Dannenberg: Of course, these 101 copies are not made of one Stamp: two have the title REIT, a RE-T- written, S S 2 the pregort declining (IMOLOD), 60 have him COLONII, A A S S 5 5 7 COLONIIl, 1 COLONIII, 2 COLOIII, 2 other COLONI, A A A A A very accurate reproduction of these inscriptions must be considered useful be rejected. 5) Obol of the same stamp, Dbg. 336 2 D6 namely the one copy through the + OD°DO -F REX der 5 main page, the other through the COLONIA of the back of A shown in the illustration. 6) With + ODDO + IMP — AVG, Dbg. 342 64 pcs. Here too what was said in No. 4 applies, the stamp differences become by the spelling of the city name 5 5 5 5 5 'COLONI, COLONIA, COLONA, COLONII, COLONIII), except A A A A A but initially by that of the emperor's name (a piece has + IVODDO ++ PIAIIG). is new 7) an obol of this character: + ODDO + IMP — AVG KR/. 5 COLONI 1 8t, A How limited proves yourself these Oobole embossing here in Cologne compared to the mass minting of denarii! 8) Cologne replica coins 22 hours Deventer. 9) Otto III, recoined by Dbg. 560 (with head) 7pcs. 10) Otto III, Dbg. 561 (with ODDO and REX crosswise in fields) 1 pc

Three coin finds from the Xth and XIth centuries Century. 283 11) DOEAVEN... hand (between disfigured A and @). Rj. AVENEM .. . Cross with a ball at each angle 1 pc This Embossing and the Factory let none Doubts about the fact that this unedited coin has the name on every side daventria, albeit how in most cases something different provides carries. Maybe she is imperial and the pattern of the under No. 29 listed numerous Embossing the Countess Adela. Duchy of Saxony. 12) Bernhard I., Dbg. 585 (with head) 3 pcs 13) Bernard I., Dbg. 587 (on both sides with cross in fields) 4 pieces Magdeburg. 14) Otto II, Dbg. 639 (cross with OTTO) 1 pc 15) Dbg. 643 (Magadaburg Church Z/. In nomine Dni amen. cross) 1 pc Mundburg. 16)... ...COMIE... . the hand of God between A and @ R/. ++WVNDBVRUC (Mem. St. Pet. IV, plate XIV, 4) 2 pcs. This coin is a. a. O. remained unexplained. Also the present specimens, their transcriptions the Hj. maybe are corrupted, leave yourself on the R/. much too clear There's nothing left to be desired, but the clear parts are clear to me with the R/. by Dbg. 719 match exactly, served as a guide to at least determine the place of minting. But on the ZH. is the name of the Bishop of Hildesheim Bernward cannot be deciphered. Will give us better specimens perhaps even reveal the name of a count? Dortmund. 17) Otto IIL, Dbg. 743 Rf. THERT — MANNI in two lines: 44 hours,

284 H. Dannenberg: 18) Otto II, Dbg. 743 a (with a Figure equal to that upper end a bishop's staff about, and % below dem city names) 3 pcs one of which has + - + between the two lines. 19) Otto II, Dbg. 744 (ODDO EMPEROR cross) 4 pieces Mainz. 20) Otto IIL, Dbg. 777 or 779 a badly marked, as usual, so that the transcriptions are different cannot be determined precisely. The same applies to the following Denarii: Worms. 21) Otto III, about Dbg. 844a 1:88. Undetermined location. 22) Otto III, Dbg. 1158 73 pcs 5 5 The inscription on the Zy/. is: IAIMAVO, DVANEE , A A 5 2 DAVMEB , AaMvAd. Otherwise This denarius also occurs in large ones A A Found only sporadically; so many would like he doesn't yet found been be. Unfortunately, this still results nothing for his homeland, only the proximity of the place of discovery and the numerous appearances of Deventer stamps (nos. 9-11 and 29) testify to the assumption (expressed in Dbg. 1158), that DAVNER with a supplementary T should be interpreted as Daventer. Otto II and Adelheid. 23) Dbg. 1166 (Di gra rex amen) 24 hours one of which has a retrograde spelling of the Z/. 24) Denarii of the most common type, Dbg. 1167 176 pcs, in numerous different stamps. Of that are closed be- note 13 with a small T under the two Ds of the king

q | Three coin finds from the Xth and XIth centuries Century. 285 name (Dbg. 1167 d); the other varieties usually arise from the figures next to the church building and from the Aus- decoration of its area. 25) Obol of the same type, Dbg. 1169a 1:8, Otto IH. 26) R/. AMEN, Dbg. 1171 1 pc 27) R/. TIGARI, Dbg. 1174 4 pieces 28) R/. +*EDILAA, Dbg. 1175 3 pcs Countess Adela. 29) Dbg. 1237 33 pcs The assumptions I made (p. 473 a. a. 0.) are only conjectural. spoken relationship of this coin, on which the Comitissa everywhere is undoubtedly due to the infamous Countess Adela, who lived on the Lower Rhine ruled in the area of Elten, is already through two Specimens of the Meisterswalde find (p. 158, vol. VII of this year) secured, which ones clearly Adala (AJAGA, declining) have. Here is on the six prints I have mostly, as on the specimens from the Witzmitz find (see also above) ATA to read. On the back with the hand, it seems Emperor names Otto a something disfigured Daventry associated. Should Deventer be the premier city be? From a borrowing of the Deventer type (Dbg. 563) can appropriate not the speech be, because this mark of the hand has only disappeared in Deventer Heinrich U., so it came up after our discovery was laid down. The Large number of these otherwise rare Adela coins explained yourself through the proximity of the prefecture and probably also because of this, that they are among the youngest of the find. From the subsequent patterning of the coins The following are also worth mentioning Differences result in: a. m. ADATCONETIS.... R/. + OTTO REX DOAVEAI b. AQEITIMODATV + 'Rf. + OTT.... OIEAVE ©. SEITIMODATAAA -F RF + DOIEN... . ENEOTT:X

286 H. Dannenberg: _ 1. HADATCONE..... .KRf. FTTOREXDON.... e. AQEITEMODATA + R/. + DOIEAVENEOTT Tr f. + ADATCOMETIQ2A R/. 7 DOAVEA. OTTOEE. G. AGAITEMODATA T RN OVENKOTT...... h. AQGZITEMOCATAA F R/. X DOIEAVENEOTT REX i. AGEITEWODATA + R/. X DONEAVNEOTT k. AQEITEWOATA Ms R/. X DOIEAVENTEOTT It follows from this that the transcriptions Adala cometissa and Otto rex Daventer, with varied, special the distortions and alterations affecting the Countess's name positions. Also illuminated, as in correction of the foregoing noticed will be that hereafter Adela the one after under Hein- Rich II spread like this Deventer type of hand first has applied, possibly as a successor to perhaps for pure Denarius to be considered imperial No. 11. Finally earned highlighted to become, that these are so rare and so far Coins that first appeared here in large numbers are for the eye to see in two classes but, one with fine, the other with rough pictures and letters, so that the hand is on the latter looks more like a paw. 30) The Denarius Dbg. 1309 with a long church gable 49 pcs. This coin also occurs little else; their numerous Their appearance here suggests that they are not far from where they were found. place at home is. And pass on some copies the acceptance space, that we do it with reprints the denarii Louis the Pious have to do with XPISTIANA RELIGIO; However, not those through the characters of our alphabet accurately reproduced inscription around the church gable speaks for it; I keep me an illustration for the intended one Addendum to my book before. It would then be the same one here Case like the diluent denarius of Henry I (Dbg. 91) that one and the same model for several very different looking ones Imitations would have served, including the following two As is well known, Wendenpfennigs lead back to the same original.

en > Three coin finds from the Xth and XIth centuries Century. 287 31) Wendenpfennig of the largest kind, Dbg. 1325 5 pieces 32) us little smaller and semi-bractate-like, Dbg. 1329 29 pcs 33) 5 from Magdeburg Schlage, Dbg. 1330 1: St. Bohemia. 34) Boleslaw II or III, with retrograde OMERII PRAGA CIZ around the right-facing bust R/. Hand, like Voigt IS. 123. Normandy. 85) Richard I. 943-996 or II. 996-1026. +IVARD. MVRCHSIS Cross with 3 balls in the angles Bl, ROTOMA.ROMAR, in the field EPS similar. Poey d'Avant I 24, Plate IV, 4) I 86. This rare coin is similar in Reichel's catalogue Vol. VII No. 2053 described and pictured. is incorrect but Reichel's allocation to Richard IIll, 1026-1027, it can According to our find, only Richard I. 943996 or II, 996-1026 come into question. England. 36) Ethelred II 4 pieces all of type. B1. Hildebrand (diademed bust right- there. &/. Hand between A—@) namely: ZELFSTAN M-OEAXEE (Exeter) PVLFM/ÄERM—OHEORT (Hertford) /BDEREDM—OLVNDONI and INELRIM—OPINTONI (Winchester). 37) Samanids 3 pcs according to the obliging statement of Hın. Prof. Erman, from Ismael ben Ahmed, minted in Nisabur, 293 d. H. (905/6 AD) Nasr ben Ahmed, » “Namarkand, 318 d.H. (930 AD) e “ u “ al Shash, 322 d. H. (933 AD) What made this find special estimable makes, is that so far only so few in our fatherland yourself excavated Journal of Numismatics. XV, 19

288 H. Dannenberg: Bene from this early period has been sufficiently scientifically exploited - have been made, and that he is not concerned about the replica coins behaves differently than those made abroad, especially in Poland. ten, therefore, as I already did on p. 255, Vol. XIV of this magazine have highlighted, and also to refute the theory serves as if these replica coins were for foreign account To set imitators, and not to explain things the way I do it 8.32 ff. of my work have done. Should also be effective lich, what is possible, some detectable abroad ent- be available, the majority in any case are entitled to German work consider, and attributed to the lower skill The stamp cutters' skill and inadequate knowledge of writing. In one point differentiates yourself also this one Find as well as those of Maestricht, Santersleben, Saulburg and 8. W. from the foreign ones, namely in that him in general only contained coins from close to the place of discovery, namely- Almost none from southern Germany and especially none but so common Regensburg residents; the addition of the Norman and the four Englishmen explain well shipping traffic; after all but is the composition a little more mixed than that of the other domestic finds, from those currently. B. the big one Saulburg has nothing but Bavarian characteristics (to which the whole ver- turned of the neighboring one Augsburg to be included are) around- has grasped. What the burial time concerns, so we'll put them on the year 1000 for example, because there are no coins Henry II as well as all of this emperor at the same time. At least as important as the coins in this find its other contents: apart from a few nuggets of silver, a silver earring, 3 broken-like, partly enameled Jewelery with a diameter of 40, 40 and 57 mm, 2 silver medallions and 14 silver bars). These ingots, in length of 1) In the negotiations d. Berl. anthropologist. Society v. January 15th In 1887 a gold finger ring weighing 5.20 g was also sold at 8.59. as Find components listed.

Three coin finds from the Xth and XIth centuries Century. 289 41 to 83, varying in width from 5 to 23 millimeters a regular shape and show with their sharp edges and its smooth hammered surface clearly show the traces of a Editing, therefore the assumption is probably quite obvious, that they, especially since two of them have a cross dotted on them, mediation of the larger one monetary transactions been destined, similar like the cast Lower Saxony market pieces des XIV century?) or the oldest rod-shaped rubles?). Their weight is 59.30 g, 48.25 g, 37.70 g, 29.55 g, 28.95 gr., 24.55 gr., 23.75 gr., 22.55 gr., 18.50 gr., 18.25 gr., 17.65 gr., 17.60 gr., 15.85 gr. and 13.72 gr. The medallions need to be discussed in more detail, as they are... not even coins, but at least similar to coins. Both, so extremely different they are also in terms of their artistic value yes in their production method the common, that that Bracteate-like center piece created with a stamp is delicate is surrounded by a row thin twisted silver threads, those an edge of thick silver beads serve as a finish. The smaller medallion, with one diameter of 23 and 42 millimeters, pointing one to the right swept diademirtes head of extremely rough work and in front of it the book letters CX, their decipherment (perhaps through Carlus rex?) man probably won't do it. The other piece measures 50, and in his Centerpiece 24 millimeters, and the latter leads us a diademed bust also facing to the right the transcription HEGINRIC REX before. Here is the form of the name Heginric strange, the otherwise, at least at F'oerstemann (Old German dictionary of names) does not occur, but it does is just as educated as Egilbert is for Eilbert, Eginhard for Ein- hard, Reginhard for Reinhard, etc. What's even more interesting is 1) Bode, Mint of Lower Saxony. Plate X, 1, 2. Menadier, the bet Borner Silbermarkfund.in d. Magazine d. Harz Association 1883 $, 165. 2) Mmm. St. Petersb. V Plates VI, VII, Vol. VI Plate XXII. 3) after kind communication from Mr. Dr. Menadier. 19%

290 H. Dannenberg: the bust portrait, of beautiful, yet on the ancient world more reminiscent Drawing, as we see in individual Carolingian works Time, especially on the better one of the gold medallions Louis the Pious with munus divinum (Vol. XIV, p. 20 d. Z.) and an unedited silver medallion of the same emperor (in mine collection). The sitter is what about after the preliminary sent no doubt remains, no other as Henry 1.') and that makes that in speech standing Artwork yet in- more interesting, because on coins have as we know none Portrait of him, only on his seals (Götz, K. M. Plate X; Stacke, German business I, 8. 232, see also the photographic one Reproduction of the same in the “Seals of Sovereigns etc.” London 1872) such an occurrence occurs, and the similarity of the seal image with the present one is unmistakable. Given the high importance one good Imperial portrait From this prehistoric period the following illustration is certainly desired- be coming. N g\A ; >> 1) Absolutely is wrong and impossible in the negotiations. d. Berl. anthropol. Ges. v. January 15, 1887 p. 59 attempted relationship this erroneous The piece, which is officially designated as a coin, is attributed to Henry II of England (1154—S9!).

j ' hi I Three coin finds from the Xth and XIth centuries Century. 291 B. The Polzin denarius find. In July 1886, on the Räuberberge near the Pomeranian small town of Polzin (Köslin district, Belgard district) one raw urn packed under stones brought to light in which in addition to those listed below, provided to me by the company for Pomeranians story and antiquity to Investigation most willingly given Coins two big ones pretty well preserved silver collars along with some mince silver. In terms of weight, the coins are approximately represents half of the find. The treasure contains essential nothing new, but increases the small number of those which ones yet under Otto Ill. buried are. Its complete The main content is as follows. Metz, 1) Charles the simple, as king from Lotharingia, 912-923. | (+ GR)ATIA D—(IIIX) Monogram Karolus. R/. 7 METTI«“ (CIVITAS) Cross. (Robert, etudes num. sur une game you Nord-Est de la France Plate XV, 2) 1 pc, Robert brings this coin under Charlemagne, during Longperier (Cat. Rousseau No. 578) and Grote (Münzstud. I, p. 94/95) explain it as an imprint of Charles the Simple. And the latter seems to me to deserve preference. Because Karl the Fat One inherited Lotharingia from his brother Louis IV in 882. the younger one (or de Saxe), after he already a year had previously achieved the imperial dignity. Therefore it is safe from him the denarius with MIRERATOR-—AV, the Robert p. 209 brings, and one would have to wonder how this writer did it also does that the rest of him, ibid p. 210 and 211 below No. 2-7 listed coins only have the royal title. The Difficulty is solved if we give these denarii to Charles the One in Robert's case, which appears without Metzer's character, and to that demands both the less careful work as

2392 H. Dannenberg: also the circumstance on that this denarius in finds this one occurs more often in this age'), which must also cause us to to move it down as far as possible. The situation is similar with the Cologne coins the same Königs, which will be discussed in the next discovery. Metz. 2) Bishop Adalbero IL, 984-1005. *F ADELBERO PRESVL head left. R/. + METTIS Church. 1 pc, (Dannenberg, German Mz. d. Saxon and Franconian K. 16, but with PRERV). Cologne. 3), Ditto.d. .0DAO. EX. Bi 5—COLON A (Dbg. 329 similar). 4) With + OTTO REX (Dbg. 331) 3 pcs 5) Otto IL "For ODDO REX (Dbg. 335) 1 pc 6) Indistinct Cologne denarii of the same emperor 4 pieces Quedlinburg. 7) Otto III With reversed SCS SERVACIVS (Dbg 613) 2 8t. Magdeburg. 8) Otto II From the Adelheid type (Dbg. 639) 1 pc Dortmund. 9) Otto II With two-line THERT — 'F — MANNI (Dbg. 743) 4 pieces Mainz. 10) Otto II 1 pc Very poor copy, similar to Dbg. 779. Speier. 11) Otto I. OTTO RE.... Cross with a ball in each Angle. RF PIRACIV... Church. (Dbg. 825) 1 pc 12) A similar but feral denarius 1 pc 1) At Minsk (Berl. Bl. VI, p. 289) no fewer than 11 copies.

Three coin finds from the Xth and XIth centuries Century. 293 Worms. 13) Otto II 1 pc Very poorly pronounced denarius with church and cross, that has a ball in each of three angles, but the Wormser in the fourth Mintmark (one surrounded by a crescent ball) carries. Similar to Heinrich II. Dbg. 842. Würzburg. 14) Otto II Holy head. A. OTTOREX (Dbg. 855) 2 pcs. Strasbourg. 15) Bishop Erkambold (965-991). + OTTO IMPE AVYG Head of Otto I .Rf. ERCHANBALD Church (Dbg. 932) 2 pcs. Augsburg. 16) Duke Otto of Bavaria, 976 — 982. Te 0:7: TODV -X “ Cross with a ball at every angle. X AYGV«nTA CIVIL church gable with ENCI. Weight 1.08 gr. (D. 1040 only has AVIG CIVITAn) 1 pc Regensburg. 17) Duke Henry I, 948-955. HEMRICV® DVX cross with a ball at three (or all four?) angles. R/. E. ACT, church gable and VVOL (cf. Dbg. 1057 and 1058) 1 pc 18) HEMCY®DVX cross with a sphere at three angles. RF RENA CITAn and ELN (similar to Dbg. 1050). Obol from 0.62 gr. 1 pc 19) Duke Heinrich IL, to first Male 955—976 HR..... CVssDVX Cross with two balls each at three angles. Rj. REGNA CIVITAn and MAO (see Dbe. 1063) 1 pc We have only ever known denarii with the mint master MAO from Henry II's second reign 985-995, and also only barbaric ones (see No. 24 below).

994 H. Dannenberg: 20) HEMRCV®DVX Cross with three balls each in three angles. R/. RE.MADITAn and ENC (similar Dbg. 1064a) 1.91, 21) Same style, but HEMRICVs DVX. RF REGNA CIVITio (!) and VVO (Dbg. 1064c with CIVITAu) 1 pc, 22) Duke Otto, 976-982. From the mint master ELLN (just like Dbg. 1065b) 1 pc, 23) HOT - DEATH - IX» Rf. RE +» » FACIVITAn and VVO (Dbg. 1065e, but with + - OT - TO »- DVX .) 1 pc 24) Duke Henry II. to second Male, 985-995. HINRICVw DVX Cross with one Ringel between two balls. Z/. IRIN .. OHIIVoA and MAO (cf. Dbg. 1069 f) 1.8t, 25) Denarius same imprint, with correct transcriptions, from the mint master wIC (just like Dbg. 1069g) 1 sl. 26) HENRV®DVX Cross with a triangle in everyone Angle. Rf. R« ONACVITA » and ECC (Dbe. 1070). Obol from 0.85 gr. 1 pc Undetermined Germans. 27) Otto HL. R/. A3UVAQ (Dbe. 1158) 188. 28) Otto IH. and Adelheid, with Di gra rex amen (Dbg. 1166) 3 pcs 29) Without the AMEN on the main page (Dbg. 1167) 101 pieces 30) Variety with a small one T among the two D in ODDO (Dbg. 1167d) 3 pcs 31) Obol of Otto and Adelheid (Dbg. 1169) I St, 32) The Breisacher (?) Denarius (Dbg. 127 1) 1.8, 33) Largest turning penny, with Carolingian Temple (Dbg. 1325) 15 pieces 34) Similar Obol (Dbg. 1326) 1 pc 35) Large turning penny with ODDO in the temple (Dbg. 1328) 1 pc,

Three coin finds from the X and XI. Century. 295 36) Something smaller, semi-bracteates Turning pennies (Dbg. 1329) 27 hours Bohemia. 37) Duke Boleslaw II, 967-999, or B. II, 999-1002. “T OMERII - PRAGA - CID (regressive chest image right, before the same a cross staff. R/. -- DVXBOLEZLAV etc .: hand 5 (slightly different) pieces. 38) TV Tr BI— V3 +V head. Rf. + VIAvHIvAa hand, next to it an arrowhead. (Grote’s Bl. f. Münzkunde II, Act XX, 314) 1.S£, 39) Disfigured Bolezlaus dux, cross with a ball in each three angles and a tiara-like one figure in the fourth. Rf. Praga eivitas (regressive) church gable with ENE I St, 40) "7 BOLEZLAV »- DVX cross with a ringlet between two balls. R/. + PPPAGIA CIV church gable with VV 1 pc This denarius has quite the appearance of certain eyes Luitolf's burgers, with which he also likes the Regens- burger from Henry II's last period (see Nos. 24 and 25 above) the figures in the corners of the cross have in common. Such similar differences between Bohemian denarii on the one hand and Augsburg denarii as well as Regensburg on the other hand gives it at all very many. 41) 7 B-OL-EZL. AV» hand, next to which on the left Cross. Rf. #.. -AGA CIVIT Cross, in its angles three balls, arrowhead, ball and ringlet 1 pc, 42) X DVX DOVEAA... Hand between O and +. RF XVDaCO-HPP ..... Hand between three balls and crosses 188. Verona, 43) Otto. OTTO INPERATOR, in circles a cross. R/. VE-RO—N—A around one surrounded by a circle Cross (Lelewel XIV, 45) 1 pc

296 H. Dannenberg: England. 44) Ethelred IL, 978&—1016. &j. hand TVMMEM — OEFERPIL (York) 1 pc 45) Hand LEOFRILM—OLVNDONI 1 pc Poland. ? 46) semi-bractate, in imitation of the Dürstadt denarii Charles the Elder Gr. (Köhne, Zeitschr. II, plate IX, 3). Weight 0.29 gr. 131, 47) Another semi-bracteate with a contradiction. Ky. one Kind of broad cross, whose right and left arms but off- are rounded with a point in the middle and one in each every angle. — Weight 0.22 gr. Byzantine Empire, 49) Johannes Zimisces (969-976) Milliaresion 1 pc Caliphate. 49) Khalif Harun errashid. Baghdad, 193°) 1 pc Samanids. 50) Ismail ibn Ahmed, esch Sheesh (now Tashkent) 1 pc 51) Fragment of a dirhem the same Princes, Prägort and year not received. Bujiden. 52) Moizzeddaula, at el Ahwaz, about 340 fragment. 53) Adlud eddaula (to Arragan?) Hamdanids. 54) Nasir ed daula and Seifeddaula (after 344) 1 8t. Zijarids. 55) Waschmegir, 36. (last number illegible) 1 pc 1) For determination I am Lord of this and the following dirhems Indebted to Prof. A. Erman.

Three coin finds from the Xth and XIth centuries century, 297 56) Yusuf ibn Divdad, Prince of Aderbeijan, 292 1 p. 57) A dirhem that cannot be determined due to poor preservation. Finally four coin plates prepared for minting. C. The hacksilver find from Posen. A potiori fit denominatio, therefore in my opinion of one Findings in denarii are not easy to speak of. Because among the 950 grams Silver, which in February 1887 close to Posen in a gravel pit barely % meters below the surface in one Pots unearthed were, were just 25 coins; everything The rest, about 920 grams, was hacksilver). These few Coins show that the little treasure was by no means before 1012, may have been buried before Ulrich of Bohemia came to power, perhaps like so many others in the third decade of the eleventh century. The coins are, however, apart from three very unclear- the following: Maestricht. DIUTOIBRIORVIL.E . 0 and... EX head ropes, BR SC, AMA—RIA three lines in the field (cf. Dbg. 244). Cologne. 2) Charles the Simple, 912-923. Obol of 0.65 gr. with F KV(rolus re)X (Cappe, K. M. I, plate XVIII, 291). Cappe and Andre (also Longperier, Cat. Rousseau No., 568, Gariel Taf. XL, 1) write this coin and the corresponding the denarius to Charles the Fat; but there, like Grote (Mzstud. I, P. 89) notes that he only owned Cologne as emperor has, like that 1) The find is in the hands of the lawyer v. Jazdzewski arrived in Posen, to whom I thanked for making his description possible. am bound.

298 H. Dannenberg: he has to deny him, like Metzer mentioned above and Charles the Simple will be awarded. That explains it also, that In any case, there are a lot of them pronounced Denarii now and then in our older finds of Ottonian coins be encountered. Saxony. 3) Duke Bernhard II, 1011-60. Denarius with cross. R/. Bullet. Very bad (Dbg. 589). Halberstadt. 4) Bishop Arnolf, 996-1023. Poorly preserved denarius with head. R/. Church (Dbg. 624). Dortmund. ? 5) Henry? Apparently the denarius Dbg. 752. Mainz. 6) Henry II Denarius with cross and church (Dbg. 785). Otto IH. and Adelheid. 7) The ordinary denarius (Dbg. 1167) 5.'8t, 8) Turning pennies. Magdeburg style (Dbg. 1330 until 1332) 2 pcs. 9) 3 with Maltese cross. A. Cross with two balls and two ringlets in the angles (Dbg. 1347). 4 pieces 10) A. still undescribed Wendenpfennig. Hi. Cross with two fine dots, a ringlet, again two fine ones points and a ball in the angles. R/. Cross, in whose Alternate a fine point with three fine points. Bohemia. 11) Boleslaw IL (967—999) or II. (999-1002). BOTEZTAVPDVX Cross with arrowhead, Y, three balls and one Ringlets in the corners. .R/. - BOTEZTA » V@ORIA Cross with arrowhead, ringlet, dre Balls and rings in the corners (v. Jazdewski, Wykopalisko Jarocinskie Tat. II, 28),

Three coin finds from the Xth and XIth centuries Century. 299 12) Duke Ulrich, 1012—1037. The denarius Voigt I, P. 214, No. 6 with forward-swept Bust portraits of Duke. R/. to the left of the bust of the saint. England. 13) Imitation an Ethelred penny. -+ 30 DAII ION Bust portrait with scepter left. Z/. + EPAOEVISOVAAX double linear cross with [RVX in the angles. Probably as well as the following piece in Scandinavia navigation systems were created. 14) IUHAIONHRIOV head right. Zf. AMIA —OON— . — DOV WSquare cliff weighing 3.79 grams. H. Dannenberg.

The nasty Tuna; Tahnbir. Vol. XU, p. 154£. is the Frisian Coin Tuna from H. Jaekel in the instructive essay “The Frisian Pound and the Frisian Mark” was discussed and referred to as “Turnan” knew Tours’ pennies, “Tournoisen” or “Turnosen” interpreted. The two parallel passages listed on page 155 result 1 tuna = 1 grote, i.e. 1 groschen and its 7 go to that old pounds. I believe the word comes from an incident of the country's sausages, which of course only came to me from the arrival beginning of the last century, but undoubtedly a lot is older; what happens on this youngest Frisian soil right the Weser (Wührden and sausages), the his older one Saxon element pointing to Hadeln was never completely lost, a lot of old Frisian has been preserved, especially in the ancestral contrast. People's or community courts over small police matters and Even after the archiepiscopal subordination, homeland traditions continued to develop. thrown and preserved deep into the Swedish period; they were called “Intog” (move in) because they decided to accept them into the domicile. Their breaks were set according to “Tahnbir”* & 6 Grote; first After a long search the meaning emerged = ton of beer as indubitable; but the word was almost used as a coin drawing needed. But Tuna (with a short u) is the ton. Of course the values ​​had completely changed. From new copies of the 18th century, which contain old sausages Frisian coin ratios e.g. Th. enlighten, are to be called the “Hörmannsche” manuscript in the possession of the History Association and antiquities in Stade and another, which I wrote in 1863/64

K. E. H. Krause: The Frisian Tuna; Tahnbir. 301 from the former Landdrostei archive in Stade (now archive the royal Government) Archive compartment 17, No. 20 for my sausages Documents in the “Association Archives” published by me for business and antiquity. to Stade” 2. (1864) could use. About Tahnbir see that. 8.80f. The atonements are in these sections Writings calculated according to “Stiege Frisian Mark”, the full Man allowance was before 1508 10 stairs, then 20 stairs. This The Landdrostei manuscript explains this: “A Freesch Mark is 9 gr. (— Grote) 1% black. (= Schware, whose five on went to the Groten). So leave 20 roses (- 400) Freesch Marks 67 You 35 gr. & 55 gr. or 51!) rthlr. 48 gr. & 72 gr. and 75 pcs. 45 gr. & 49 gr. The bill: the thaler - 55 grotes and - 49 Grote occurs in 1544, in 1536 the Joachimsthaler called. 72 Grote was the validity of the Bremen so-called Goldthaler except for the time of the German monetary unit. By the way, were the breaches of the authorities (the Ratgeven), which, in addition to the atonement were to be paid, stated in guilders; In 1517 this was 36 grotes Bremisch. In relation to the Frisian “Wede” is the comment Perhaps it would be desirable for those traveling to Stade to visit Strandfrisii (1340) for their pannos griseos, albos atque pannos dictos Scordok the wall cutters there - Companion towards the authorities were protected (1311). S. (Pratje) Duchies of Bremen and Verden VI, 8.138. Archive 1. c. p. 81. 1) In the cited archive 2, 8.79, note 32 there is 57 rthlr. erroneous (according to the manuscript) printed. About the subsequent currencies 8/8/87, 88, 111. Rostock. K.E.H. Krause.

The Ribnitz sterling find. (See Plate VII.) On April 9, 1887, while digging up the earth, the bulk onto the railway embankment through the Recknitz meadows in the Striepingsberge near Ribnitz to the west (in Mecklenburg) one wrapped in linen and about 1 foot high Red glazed pot with a round belly, short, straight neck and two small handles were found, which was completely decorated with silver coins and Although it was filled in 1845 in number and 5 pounds in weight. This one Coins exactly I am to be examined through the obliging mediation lung Sr. Excellency of the Great Heart. Mecklenburg. Messenger Mr v. Prollius was placed in the position of the magistrate at Ribnitz prompted me to send it to me. They insist, with Except for some Münsterland dogs of the Wewelinghöfer type, in the vast majority of over 1800 pieces only Coins of English, so-called sterling mint, which a few Irish and Scottish are mixed in. Those Sterlinge wear consistently on the Z/. the king's head, partly with, partly without scepter, on the %/. but a long one, sharing the transcription- of the double-lined cross. Meanwhile they are only for the larger Partly really on English soil and under King Henry II. (1216-72) arose, while the smaller mass, in some cases certainly, partly probably mainland, namely either Dutch is of Indian or Lippe origin. This gives our Find similarity to that of Thomsen in Numismatic Chronicle XII, p. 67, but much smaller finds described by Plaagendrup in Denmark, and that's how it gets its numismatic significance, since these replicas are so rare than the English original coins are more common.

H. Dannenberg: The Ribnitz sterling find. 303 With the following description I have the perfect one Equality of all these sterling because of only those in the existing his or her absence of the scepter-bearing hand Difference highlighted. England. Bristol. 1) Without scepter. [AU ®0 IBR VST 3 copies a N wa TAR OB RVS 1 copy Canterbury. ee 8 *hRANIAVS RAX-ZIG 2. WA TR Ar. AAX') 1 copy Here, as on No. 52, the transcription of Hy. on the R/. continued, so that one can read: H. rex Anglie tercius, Can. 4) With scepter. ALA IN' OA AUT 13 copies 0 i GIL BR OXA COURAGE a 6% u GIL BR TON ON 220. 0), N GIL LAB RT 0A Lo &) A GIL LAB AA AA N 9) Without scepter. GIL BR TON AU a 10) With scepter. IOh ANA SOX (Can?) and similar 3 , il) ; 5 ION SON AT TAR 8, 12). ;, R ION ON AM TR 08/22 18):..;, . MA BLA OJA AUT 008 14) Without scepter, otherwise the same 58... 18) h but TURON instead the name number UI’ 1 copy 16) With scepter. RIA RD Da UT A Le). a ROB ART OYXAa AUT 84... 18) Without scepter, otherwise the same Le... 19) With scepter. WU TAR (also TR and TRI) OA AT 11 copies 20) With scepter. WIL LEM OXA UT N! 1) Description and illustration of the Rs. are correct not; the former can I guarantee I didn't worry about the latter. I can contradict not clarified. The backs are also not always positioned correctly, Journal of Numismatics, XV, 20

304 H. Dannenberg: 21) With scepter. WIL LAY DIA BIT 1 copy 2a). ,, 5 wm LM DIA AIT | Until 23) Without scepter. WIL LM OA RIT 95 24) “ N WID (also WO) LEM OXA (also OXA) AUT 9 copies Carlisle. 25) Without scepter. ION ON AR LAU In Durham. 26) With scepter. RIU MD OD VRR Su These and many other pennies disprove Hawkins if he (the silver coins of England p. 89) the scepter type on Canterbury and London limited. 27) With scepter. ROB ART OD VRA 2. Expl. St Edmundsbury. 28) With scepter. IOR' SOXI (SAN TAD 5 24), “ IOR'' (SON SAN ADM Lane N, “ ION BONUS AIN TAD, too ION OXS AIN AD and | AD. ION OXNS NT ADI al), 5 IOL OS’ DA VD around 32) Without scepter. IOX OS’ @I VD Lu) a3), m % ION OXS’ EDM VD Dun 34) With scepter. RU DVL FON SAD 6 Exeter. 35) Without scepter. ION OA dad TRA iin 6) “ 5 PhI LIP oNna ouch Tue, on 2 RO ®RT OYa aaa 4.) 88) “ & Vu TR Well aaa FRI 50) a WAT RO NAaa HAS 2, Gloucester. 40) Without scepter. ION ON GLO VAA I Al, , 5 ION OIG (LOV) AAT 2% 42) “ » LVA ASO NG LOV I 43) “ “ likewise, but TROI instead of UT 1 “ U) em RIA RD OXIG LOV 3

The Ribnitz sterling find. 305 Hereford. 45) Without scepter. hEN RIO na Ra 1 copy 46) “ 5 RIGEIRD Om Ra Hey BR % ROG RO Ma Rd. Lı Ilchester. 472) “ u RAN DVL HOX WA LG Lincoln. 48) “ 5 ION ONL INA OLN 4 “ 49) 5 RIA RD ONL INA Ir: Be s WAL TAR ONL INA n.. al) “ WIL LAM ONL INA 2, London. 92) ShAKRIAVS RAX-ZNG crowned head without scepter. Ar LIGA TR AT. LVN 3 copies 53) Without scepter. AIWI T.S LVN DON (also DON 14 copies 54) “ Ss OIVI MTS LOW DON ae 95) With scepter. AIVI TRS LVN DON Bun) 56), 2 OIVI MTS LON LOMN m, Hawkins passes over these coins No. 53-56 with breastfeeding keep quiet, Ruding only knows such people with a short cross (8. 188, No. 15 of the first supplement table). The present copies but seem to be counterfeit coins, they have a certain related to the coins from Kuinre listed below light and small (12 of No. 53 weigh only 12.70 g), 97) With scepter. DAY ION (also ON) LVM (also VS) DAI (also DEN) 23 copies 98) With scepter. DAV ION LVU DA 2. 59) i, & DAV IHOA LVN DEN 15 “ We find the same OM instead of ON on the Heinrich from Kuinre at No. 195. 60) Without scepter. DAV IOX LVN DEN 4 copies BEN N DAV IOA LVN DEN 2: “ Bel, a DAY: DLI WOL. .. Lin

306 H. Dannenberg: A replica coin, perhaps struck outside England, but which closely follows the Davids above. 63) With scepter. DIV ION LVN Dal 1 copy The name Divi comes at Ruding not before, maybe he just stands for Davi. 64) With scepter. REN RIO Nu (also NIv) DA 79 copies What is important is the following variety with extraordinarily beautiful with a marked head and no name number. 642) shANRIAVS RAX Kr. haX RIO NLV IDA 1 copy The mint mark & exactly as on No. 52. Finds the same thing also on the Lippe Sterling, coin stud. V, plate I, 14, which has the same beautiful letters as this one. 65) With scepter. hAM RIO LH vaAD 1 copy 66) “ Ä heX RIG DULV DA 3: , 6). 5 heN RIO NLV RIO 25 BB) & DAX LAU OT N (so declining. 1 copy) 69) Without scepter. REX RIO BLV (also NIV) DA 66 “ 70) With scepter. IOh’ SON LVN DEN A 2)) », n IOh SON OXL VD 1.0, 2). N ION ON LVN DEN Ir, IB) 9 . KIA (also NIA) OLA OL VD 9 “ One of these coins is remarkable because because on it the transcription of the Z//. just like those of the others, scepterless type, begins in the middle above the head, not as usual always, to his right side. 74) With scepter. OLA MIA OYX(L) VO 1 copy 75) Without scepter. MA OLA OL (also OU) VD 59 “ 76) as well, but TERUI instead of IV Tue 77) With scepter. Phd LUIP OU END 1 78), 5 RAU AVD (also AD) OL VD 145 “ I) 5 REX NVA LVN DON 20,, 80) Without scepter, otherwise the same N

The Ribnitz sterling find. 307 81) With scepter. 82). \ 8) “ 5 84) “ ® 85) Without scepter. 86) “ n 87) » . 88) With scepter. sg)... “ 30) 5 91) “ » 2); » 93) » e 94) Without scepter. Mmm, 96) Without scepter. egg 98) Without scepter. no, I00 ', = 101), b 102) ” 2) we, 1... 109) , » 106) » » 107) Without scepter. 10972, » 109) “ ROX AVD OU TLV 1 copy RIA (also RIA) ARD (also AUD) OL VD 63 copies RIU RD OD VID Ir. RU RD OL MVI 0% RID RD OXL (also OW) WB 2 “ RIGA ZRD ONL VID B.. RIA ID OL VO ES Ih0 MAS OL VO . WAL TR OL VO a WIL LM ONL VID a, WIL LM LVN DON 80, WIN LM LVN THURS a WIL LM DON LVN 2% WIL LM LVN DON 19 WIL LEMLVN DON, with TRAT 4 Newcastle, hEX RIO MIA WwAaa ROG RO IN waAaa Northampton. EDI.. FROM Oh ION OM NE... LVA ASO UN Oh LVA ASO NNO Rhm PRI LIP OWN OXh TOM SO UN Oh TOM (NS0) MIO Rh TOM SO UNO Rh WIL LM ON Orh Norwich. RVG AO URN WIZ IRa 08B0 DUO RWI INA BO UN OW oo OD rm fe

308 H. Dannenberg: 110) Without scepter. ION OU NR WIN 2 copies ID UL, j WIL LM OU RW on, Oxford. 112) Without scepter. ADA MOXI OX0 Nd EN, in... Ga... OIO XOX 1 Ruding leads the mint masters GEFARD, GEFREI, GERARD on; According to the remains of the writings, it appears to be a GEFREI coin to be present. 114) Without scepter. REN RIO NO XON 2 copies ia) , ® WIL LM OXO XOX I Southampton. ? 116) With scepter. MA ROL AO hAA 1 Since Southampton was formerly called Hamtune, this is probably the case city as a place of influence apply, although she stays with Ruding the Mints of this king not appears; he mentions these Mint most recently under Stephan. Wallingford. 117) Without scepter. RIU RD 01W AUI 3 copies This coin must be rare because Ruding never has one seen (8. 186 note). Wilton. 118) Without scepter. RV@ d0OX WIL TON 2 copies 119) 9. * ION O1W IUT OXA ii), ,, 2.00, »rahcbe Orw.ILT ln Winchester. 121) Without scepter. RVG AO WIN Ahd ON, 192, v Ma HOLA OLW IN.. DL, 128) 5 WIu LM OIW INA egg, Ww.? 124) “ " ALU SI IRA OIW 2 2 If a name were Sander, something like the German gender name Zander can be proven to be an abbreviation for Alexander, so would N

The Ribnitz sterling find. 309 Sanders on Wali to read, this coin at Wallingford to be included. Ruding alone leads only ALISAND among them Mint masters, and it is precisely this name that we meet below (No. 184) on a Scottish penny. That's how it would stay Name of the mint is doubtful, although Alisandre did come through Suppression of the on itself could have helped. Worv. ? 125) With scepter. ML LEN OIW ORV 1 copy Ruding has neither this mint master nor this mint site. They want her in Worcester search, alone it stands contrary, that this city at that time Wihraceaster was called, and therefore also as WIRI, WIRIA and WIRCE at Ruding before- comes. But that you are not allowed to read ORVRRLLEN OY W, is probably not to be doubted. It should also be noted that this coin is of very beautiful work and there is no reason to consider it an imitation, how many such will soon be listed. York. 126) Without scepter. ALA ING MA VER 1 copy 120, N Ira MIA ONAa VER Be 128), N ION ONA VER (also VAR) WIA 4 ,, 129) ...; N REN ARO NAVY RAW Al, 10)... I TOA ASO NA VRR On; After mentioning 4 more one-sided failures are also numerous sterling coins of the same mint speak that do not allow a specific allocation because their Transcriptions more or less incorrect, in the very In most cases it makes no sense at all and after the view of the die cutter probably didn't even exist should. In any case, the latter are likely on account of one Falsehoods, which are mainly carried out on the mainland, minting to put. Grote has in his Lippe coin history (Münstud. V, 171) draws attention to this fact made, and likes he's probably right, though At least him

310 H. Dannenberg: is looking for a home in Lippe for many of these replica coins. But since we will soon see that also in the Netherlands land, the well-known site of lush, rampant imitation coinage, these English sterling pieces have been widely imitated, such is their involvement on these replica coins just like that good as with Lippe, as she did later on in Grote- (a. a.0. 8,490) has accepted. Of course it is It is not possible to separate each person from his part, but it still guides us the consideration of the coins secured by writing Art (see Nos. 186-212) to a certain probability: the Lippeschen draw through size, as well as more beautiful, wider letters advantageously spread out in front of the Dutch. A difficulty arises when describing this The conclusion is that with most of them you don't know where with the reading to begin with is to divide it into fours Cross allows four different possibilities. 131) With scepter. ROG AR’ 0WD VD 1 copy Beautifully stamped, like the following one. Both probably London, if you blame the iron cutter for a mistake- sees how it occurs everywhere at all times. 132) With scepter. MIA OLA OD by 1 copy 3, 5 RIO MA etc u Here the barbarism in the inscription is more apt, by the way Work is bigger. What is remarkable is that everywhere, where not the opposite is emphasized, the inscriptions on the Z//. are correct. So the only thing that matters to the manufacturer is the origin to hide the coin; So, for example, to law enforcement complicate. This spoke then for locals, English Counterfeiting. But where can we get certainty here? 134) With scepter. IOY... NB ROA 1 copy 199), RI O8 RI VND 1 168) ;.,, wiID na mRıa oya 1 137), WM RAaIl Da DIT 1 198) AA ANA ZRIU VINO 1