Zeitschrift für Numismatik, vol. 15 — 1887

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. +DAX BOLEILVAS- +DVX BOLEILAVS. +DVX BOLEILAVn + VX DOLEILA's An + DVX DOLEZLAVS. +DVX LCZLAVS - +DVX OACILAVn : +IVX IOIALESVn. +DVX BACILAVA- +DAX LCIIVAs. +IVX BOFCIFAVS. DVX O9ILAVn 0 + IAVX GOLEILVAw. + VAX AOJCILAVo +DV BOLEI:LAVB +DV 90LEI-LAVZ +VAX AOJCILAV»- + VAX- co V-EILVAOV Hand of God between @ and @ — Crowned bust + OMERIT : PPACA - CIS + OMERIL - PPACA - CIX + OMERIT- RRAIA + OMELZLAHV—C + OMERR ICAPIXV + OMERIL : PPACA + OMRI PRACA - 91 + OMIQIbbACAV + OMCRII - RRACA . I— + OMOPITE : PPAIA + OMEFIT QVAEV /yyy] + OMOTL RAMA9AII + TOMPIM PRACA : CI- +OMCbVbVACACN +IMCPI PRAGI - AlA + OMC ////IPPACA-C/!/ + OMCbVbVACA - CIA + OMCRIT PRACACII with a cross staff to the right. FIVX I0IALEIVE - T OMEDIPPACAV . Hand of God between @ and A — Crowned bust with a cross staff to the left. +DVX BOLCILAVIS- +DVX BOLCILAVIS. + DVX AFOIOVIMT- + OMVIIDLV-DITVIIN + OMCPIL - PAV CIV + OMCDIL.. PAV CIV + OIMIT RRACA CI - ODAIRI IVNO+CIO . Hand of God between @ and A — Crowned Breast picture with cross staff to the right (18 pieces weigh 22.3 g.) +ADX BOLEILVAs- +DAX 9OLDI:.LVw- + NACVBIMPRADA +NACVBINPRACA -

+DVX 90LDI-LAw- +DV 9OLEI-LAVS +DVX 9OLDILV®- +DAX 9OLDILVAH +DVX 9OLDI.LA +DV 9OLEL. LAVw +DVX IOLEILAVo® Menadier: +NACVBINRPAGA. +NACVBINPPACA (2 pcs.) + NACVAIHPPACA - L -+ HACVDINPRACAo + HACVBoINPPAGA + HACVB-IHPPAGA + HACVMIIRROV . Hand of God between @ and A — Crowned bust with 1st St. Cross staff to the right +DVAX 30LCILVAn +DVX 9OLCILAVS - +DVX 90LEI-LAVS + DAVX 30LCILVAw +DVX IPOGIFAVo + DAX 30LEILVAw +DAX 30LEI- LVA MITCHFANDIAWC MILLINTANACLAo WITH=HLAVMVCI 'N' MITICNTA-IIVCVM MITALV - HFCVMV WIITNVLCAWE WITLINIVNVCVOVI - Hand of God between @ and A — Crowned bust with Cross staff to the right +DVX DOLDILA® . DVX-+-BOLEILV +DVX 9OLEILAVS +1AX 90LEILVAS DVX BOLEILV l) Obol: 5 pieces +VCV//IMBVCVI +.ITHTVOLOVOV NTIL. MC. VC—AVV + .VVOAAHLWICVH + IA. AVIEDOV 130. -FHCVDOAIVTIVA Hand of God between = and € — +90 -/\ -3IIAVTIV4 Bust portrait with cross staff to the right. 1 pc To get this large range of different shapes right to but and the individuals Types on the four princes same name to distribute one after the other in Bohemia have commanded, let us first start from what has come before Duke Otto's coins discussed. Because it will Evidence that the same belonged to Otto Bezbriem as governor

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 155 Boleslaus was probably recognized as belonging to his father in Prague Chrobry himself no longer considered as a mint in Prague come. He hardly gave it to his son In addition to this rule, the right to coin money was exercised. The denarius of Otto stands further Of course with regard to the Mintage completely unique among all Bohemian coins there, but the smaller size and the sharper cut, the distinguish him from the boleslaus coins of the find, he shares with the denarii the one who preceded him in rule Wladivoi as well as those of Jaromir, who followed him, so that we consider them to be characteristic of the coins in question years to look at'). The coins show from this group Jaromir's, like Otto's, only a few letters below Temple gables, the older ones of the Vladivoi, on the other hand, have the full one Mintmaster's name in the transcription, namely: (PPIA CIVIT)NACV3 (Hanka) and (PPACA) MIILETA (Grote, Coin Studies VII, 1. 3. Berliner Blatter III, 10. 3. Hanka 7, 20). Carrying the latter also a coin on both pages with oppression des Duke's name, the Dannenberg (Berliner Blatter III, 34. 11) certainly rightly placed in the troubled times of Boleslaw III, in which it was often uncertain and unstable who the ducal power was granted. Both mint master names sweep now also on a series of Boleslaus denarii, namely: a) DVX BOLILAVS cross with 4 crosses in the angles. — PPAGA MEITAE Cross with 4 rings in the corners. (Hanka 21, 7.) b) +DVX BOLEILAVS Hand of God between an arrow and A — PPAGA-MIILETA Cross with a ringlet in three angles and three nails in the fourth. (Jazdzewski 4, 33.) c) r DVBLEILAVS Temple with OMO — PPAGA MIILETA Cross with a ringlet in two angles, a ball in the third and a wedge in the fourth. (Royal M.) 1) The Regensburg denarii of King Henry II are also mostly worn a completely similar character.

156 Menadier: d) DVX BOLOMAVA Hand of God between A and an arrow. — NACVB PACIVIT. Temple with DEVS (Jazdzewski 3. 30.) e) DVX BOLCILAVS Hand of God between an arrow and A — NACVB PPCA CIVIT Temple with I30EI (Royal M.) f) DVX BOLCILAVS temple with OVC — PPCIVIT NACVD cross with a ball in three angles and a ringlet in the fourth. (Jazdzewski 4, 31.) &) DVX BVOSFAVZ Temple with OVO — PP IVIT NACVD Cross with .a sphere at three angles and a ringlet in fourth. (Jazdzewski 4, 32.) and on this coin close yourself tight on the following Denarii: h) DV BOLEILAVS. Temple with JAH — DVX BOLEZLAVS cross with a ringlet at three angles and three nails in fourth. (Royal M.) i) DVX BOLEILAVS Cross with a ball at three angles and a ringlet in the fourth. — AVIT+GRAD Temple with YES (Z. f. N. I, 366.) k) DVX BIOLEHLAIVI Hand of God between an arrow and A — VSEGRADICITAS Temple with BOIE. (Z. £. N. I, 366.) l) + DVX BOLDIFVAY Hand of God between an arrow and A — VOIRPACTACE Temple with CEO (Hanka 4, 23.) m) DVX BOLEILAV Cross with a wedge in two, one Ringel in the third and three points in the fourth angle. — MOG@ILO CIVTA@ Temple with BO///// (Mid. of num. Ges. on Berlin I, plate 9, 113.) DVX MESSAGE:- AVS Cross with a ringlet, three nails, three dots and a T in the angles. —BOTEITA. VSORA Cross with a ringlet in two or three balls third and three nails in the fourth angle. (Jazdzewski 3, 28.) DVX BOLCSLAVS Cross with a ball in three and three Nailing at the fourth angle. — DVX BOLCSLAVS Temple with B—9. (Jazdzewski 3, 29.)

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 157 They form a definitely characterized group among the Boleslaus denarii, that of all the rest is strong differs, but is most closely related to the denarii of Vladivoi and Jaromir shows, so that we can use them safely as the undoubtedly youngest of all Boleslaus coins and may attribute it to the third duke of that name. However, there is not a single one in the present mass of finds Piece that could be classified here, and so much so the probability that in one according to the statement of the Ottonian denarius only after the coin buried in 1003 treasures denarii of Boleslaw III represented, namely in outstanding represented in an outstanding way, it could be asserted that The possibility cannot be denied that the Chance decided against probability. The names NACVB or NACVD and MILETTA find each other now Of course next to that of the OMERIT on the slightly wider one Denarii of flatter coinage, which on one side has the King's head in side view with one floating in front of him Crosses, on the other side carry the hand of God and from The finds are the most numerous of all coins (no. 127, 128). This can only be attributed to Boleslaus III, contradicts both the great difference in character that exists between them and the group just discussed, as well as the anyway for this duke's short and troubled reign strikingly large number of different shapes. We have the same ones certainly in the last decade of Duke Boleslaus II to assign, especially since they have the same factory and type of denarii the Slavnikid Sobeslaus certainly for the time before the year 995 are attested, and as exact imitations of a coin type of King Ethelred II (Hildebrand, typ. B.), whose government time falls between the years 978 and 1013, probably for a few more years may have been formed earlier. Valid it then on the other hand, the coins of Boleslaus I and his father from to divorce each other, so we have to pay attention, that coinage began very early in Bohemia

158 Menadier: will have. This is suggested by the fact that in the neighboring one and through multiple connections with Bohemia Duke Arnulf, who died in 937, already linked the Baierlande had coins minted. Furthermore, it is certainly not accidental coincidence that so far only one hacking machine has come from Bohemia silver find became known in the Prague National Museum is preserved, and that even the oldest of all our denarii finds, the find by Obreyczko, at least one. bohemian Coin (a Biagota denarius). There's nothing written in the way, the well-known denarius from the Althöfchen find the name of WENCESLAVS without the addition of SANCTVS Saint Wenceslas to settle, namely even less so than he was a zealous supporter of Christianity, its spread the coinage used to follow back then, and moreover maintained close relations with the German Empire. Anyway have For Boleslaus I we have a long-lasting and strong one presuppose embossing. The oldest of all probably come first Denarii of the sword type are considered, and these are the different shapes with a head in front view. Because in addition to their originality, they all carry weight in comparison to the other genres the stamp of unmistakable crudeness. However, I consider it to be evident that they are only in fractions. pieces are represented in the present finds. But also the denarii of the Regensburg type with the Church gable on one side and the cross with three balls each Three angles on the other side largely still belong the first Boleslaus. This is proven by the two coins, which ones except the name of the Duke also that of his companions mahlin Biagota carry, namely: a) BOLIEZLAV®. In the temple: IISBER. — BIABOTA COII VX Cross with three balls at three angles. The Royal Coin Cabinet has a fragment of this Denars from the find of Obrzycko (Friedländer, The Find by Obr. P. 13. Dannenberg, p. 408). A second

b) Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 159 The find from Karowane provided a copy (peace burg, Schlesiens Vorzeit Ill, 226, cf. above p. 102). The Zincographic illustration (no. 14) is after a third excellently preserved pieces that Mr. M. Done- farmer owns in Prague and in an extremely courteous manner Show me along with his entire rich collection more bohemian Coins to scientific recycling has sent. BOLEILAVAV. In the Temple: LOD (an inverted GOT)— BIAGOTA CO\/////X Cross with three balls each at three angles. The denarius has already been made famous by the rich bach (Biagota, a previously unknown wife of Boleslav II, From Dresden Collections II, 5) and after his Issued in two copies in 1869 at the Meierhofe Neuhof near Dux in Bohemia upscale finds included been. The copy is shown in our illustration (no. 15). of Mr. Donebauer. I NY A counterpart to this is the one under no. 16 ab- formed Boleslaus denarius with the transcription: + PRAGUE@A CIVITAS on the downside (cf. Jazdzewski I, 8). This German LOD in the temple becomes the Regensburg denarius be borrowed from Duke Arnulf of Bavaria (907”—937), who carries the GOT standing upright (Dbg. 1050).

160 Menadier: Because Reichenbach doubts whether immediately after publication the denarii with the three balls in three angles of the cross under Duke Heinrich II of Bavaria (955-976) whose successors formations could have taken place in Bohemia does not entitle us to away, the Biagota for a first wife of 967 to the government Boleslaus II managed to explain and their connection with the to relegate his father to the realm of the impossible. Rather, we have the Bavarian and Bohemian ones of the same type Coins are to be seen as definitely simultaneous and therefore for Boles- laus I in the same way as for his son, that he had let coins of this mint go out. On the other hand, the news transmitted through Cosmas is over Boleslaus II in such a way that we cannot do so without compelling reasons differ from them allowed. Would be the same's double marriage actually, should we assume that hers at Cosmas at least mention done would be. With the complete one We have ruled out such things by keeping him silent and the Biagota for the wife of the elder Boleslaus to hold, their names in the yearbooks and chronicles is not recorded anywhere. The denarii of the Regensburg type, on the other hand, which only carry a ball in the corners of the cross, like the Duke's Otto of Bavaria (976-982) are certainly all of this younger Boleslaus went out. Between them and those after Anglo-Saxon Role model embossed Omerizdenarien are those Types of denarii and obols include one side the Bavarian character corresponds, while the other in Match with the later coins the hand of God shows. This is likely to appear on many German coins Embossed image related to the time, initially with the cross side of the rain burger be combined into a new type of coin, and only afterwards the temple with the hand of God in the same way be united. Then we would follow up again down to the Obols of Sobeslaus, which on the one hand carry the hand and the temple on the other.

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 161 The decision of the Bohemian coins is made up of numerous objects embossed with wild and uninterpreted inscriptions, including: a) Denarii with the hand of God on one side and the cross on the other side: 131. Hand of God between + and V – cross, in its four Angle a ball. + CIOFVWVMI +- + TUI HN + INN + IN 2 pcs. + VITO IWW +- + HI 4 + N + IN a + EIOLAMAM +: TE TEA 8, 132. FEZODNAw AW+ - Hand of God with a cross staff to the left. — NIDINFUNGMI Cross, in whose four Wise one Russel .. . . . me, , 1. 133. +D/////I/FIOVZVI Hand of God between 5 and > — V. GXVCV —VT///// Cross with three nails in the first and a ball in the remaining angles. (cf. Mith. d; to. to Berlin IL DE '5,.nu 9), . 8. 134. -FIVALIVIAVI+ » Hand of God between A and I — TIVAOIVAVDDA cross with a ringlet in the first and a ball in the remaining waves......, 2, 135. FBDNDZIYME Hand of God between I and O— TVIFE: COL/DO:. Cross with three nails in the second and a ball in the remaining angles .... 1, 136. FBDNDZIUM3 Hand of God between O and I — TVITE : COL’QO... Cross with three nails in the second and a ball in the remaining angles .... 1, 137. Hand of God between O and @ — Cross with three nails in first and a bullet in the men Angles... 1.22... +IUMOISCIVIIYA + 9UMOIICIVAA a, +94UMOIICIVI9A + 3UMOBCIV-IA +COwI-.-93MUIV4 + ACHVIIEIOMA Journal of Numismatics. XY. 11

162 { Menadier: 138. +3UMOECZVAÄ9A Hand of God between O and Q — +9UMOI3CZVIMI9A Cross with three nails in the fourth and a ball in the remaining angles . . . . 2 pcs. b) Obol with the hand of God on one side, the Temple with the mint master's name on the other side: INV 139. Hand between I and A INC +AHVICVAFEV + VOVIKAVTVAw AAO Hand between I and A + MAFVLCVHFEV + VCVIBAVOVI ENE. | Hand between I and A + ALVITVAFEV JEV=VAVL-TAr Hand between I and V unrecognizable transcription AVITA////DVVIVQ Hand between V and Vi + IHIIVIAOVIAIV Q////41LV-AVMIVd OoMNO Hand between I and A + FHM/DAVLLVA VNVADNVTVNV Hand between V and V + VLACATVAIOH ANVANIITIN /NAOTALVAIO AAVVH/IIN unrecognizable transcription JATVNAN/I/// ONI Hand between I and A + IVTADAVA-LVA + IMIJAICATG VNC

147. 148. 149. 151. 154. (Berl. Bl. f. M.- u. W.-K. 1, Tf. 2, no. 80. Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. Hand between T and A + ATAIVT//////VIA + VAIVENCIVTA4 Hand between I and A + UJVILV//////AVTVV + VOVIBAVIR Irish 6 Hand between V and V + VIVAIVLIAVOVOVC + AOA COIFVA .N- Hand between I and V + VVADHIo AVO +VO.-AV-OV unrecognizable transcription. + VOVOVOFA c) Obols with different shapes: Hand of God between O and © — Pelican to the left HI AVt= where DIO ////i T AVAVAOVI/N IN + V/IIIINMA—I=O T V—N=IVw 101] +AHVFIAYIO DVX T AVFAHN/[AVIN HNVIHIVMI—ON! T /IIMVJ//ICVOAV Furthermore a bent one piece, Transcripts cannot be recognized. Hand of God between O and 0. — Pelican after right. Transliterations distributed. (Plate V, 14)... . r/NTEOAVCL—=+O Hand of God between I and F— rA=OATAOM+ Church the Ottonian Denarii with a ringlet in the portal. In the field of both A wedge on either side and a strip underneath. +. 1AOVA—///!// Hand of God between I and V— +A=ON//////OM + Church. +-IAOVA-=-O Hand of God between I and V— + A=ON-AOM + Church. 11* 163 I’SL, 1 ; Sr Hanka I, 6.) whose 2 pcs.

Menadier: . ‘PJAHVILTVAA Hand of God between V and V — +4VTV+34VIA Equipment: (Ax and two hammers.) Ta ıIı.02....\ , #4VIVIATVHV Hand of God between V and A — +--1ITATI3IV Equipment: (Ax and two hammers from the opposite side). See Hanka I, 5. (Plate V, 16) , + MAVOAVOWIVT Hand of God between V and A — AVTJVAVIIVIVG Temple with sword in the portal. Burn The few scattered alien ones are still left To enumerate the coins found, namely: Ethelred II of England. 158. Hildebrand 51, Canterbury. DBoia. France Orleans. . +CRATIA D-I REX. An F between three crosses. — + AVRELIANIS CIVITA Cross. Indefinite. INIATUNN Carolingian monogram. — plIF Cross. ' “Aaaall!! Carolingian monogram. — AOA Cross. Pavia. . +IHPERATOR In the field O TT O in three lines. — OTTO PIVS REX. In the PA PIA field in two lines. . +IHPERATOR. In the field OTTO in three lines, — AVCVSTVS. In the PA PIA field in two lines. 3 whole pieces and 2 halves. Constantine X Porphyrogenetos. Antoninus Pius. 165. Cohen, M. de 'emp. Rome. Ans. 287. Half of a denarius. and finally the

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 165 bracteate-like coins. 166. Reprints of Charlemagne's Dürsteden denarii. Fragments weighing 19 grams. 167. A cross with three balls on each arm. — A cross with broad curved thighs and a point in each Angle. (Zinc gr. Image no. 1.) 3 pieces weighed 0.82 gr. 168. A cross with three balls on each arm. — An eyelet above a double arch, above the three points and below their four points. (Zinc gr. Image no. 2.) 169. A cross with three balls on each arm. — Into the cross set four figures consisting of a bow with a ball at each end and a vertical also with one ball exist. (Zinc gr. Image no. 3.) Weighed 6 pieces 1.58 gr. 170. A triangle with wild inscription. (Zinc gr. Image. no. 4) Fragment. 171. A star. (Zinc gr. Fig. no. 5.) Fragment. 172. An indeterminate figure. (Zinc gr. Image no. 6.) Fragment. 173. A building. (Zinc gr. Figure no. 7.) fragment. These last very strange coins are what they are about Researchers' views vary widely. The gentlemen brothers Dr. Erbstein!) have at least for the imitations the Dürsteder denarii has a Frisian origin claimed taken, and recently Dannenberg?) has also gone there pronounced and both the neighborhood of Dürstede, as This is also due to the low weight of the later Frisian denarii asserted. Alone for localization such after- imitations is only lower depending on the neighborhood of the patterns 1) The Schellhass coin collection (Dresden 1870), p. 186, no. 2473. 2) Denarius finds from the Saxon and Frankish imperial period I. Find von Ragow, Z. f. N. XIV, p. 248.

166 Menadier: value, as numerous examples show. Then there is between the present bracteates and the later light ones Frisian denarii are by no means equal in weight, rather is the difference between these and the others alike- early German denarii, so striking he is in himself, the too small compared to thin silver plates for it to be in attack would be brought. But these coins are finally there in the two finds from Klein-Roscharden'!) near Lastrup in Grand Duchy Oldenburg, the like that rich of stamps from Deventer and the surrounding area were not from the Ottonian period been represented in a single piece, even if in In general, evidence ex silentio does not carry much weight is to be settled, it should still be asserted here. In contrast to this one Frisian finds contain the eastern The coins in question are almost entirely elvish and especially numerous in the Polish areas. Also close The other species follow the imitations of the thirsty denarii tight on, some of which are in Nordic coins their role models have, but partly go back to Bavarian coins, for their meeting also went to the Polish lands first is to think. In addition, the Polish-Silesian bracteates of the twelfth century of technology like the salary the nearest coins. Finally it should also apply be that the hacksilver of the Silesian and Poznań Finds before dem the other provinces through special extensive denomination and therefore has an outstanding outstanding value of the silver and in the case of a self-employed person Close coinage on minor coins lets. Therefore certainly Köhne?), who first discussed the coins has the right to define them as Polish coins hit. We will find in them the oldest Polish coinage have to recognize, made at a time in which the 1) Z. £. N. XIV, 8. 253. 2) Unedited Polish and Silesian coins of the Middle Ages. Z.f.M.- S. and W.-K (1842) II, 331.

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 167 Hacksilver of the oriental dirhems the trade still full- constantly dominated and the first western coins were introduced penetrated. However, that was for the beginning of the eleventh century already in the past. Like our find, its most recent coin belongs to the year 1103, again teaches, that was back then German money already the predominant thing in the Oder region and the oriental hacksilver is giving way. The Polish princes had already started to even denarii according to the German model to shape. Because the Treasure buried around 1020 from Althöfchen') not only has transcribed denarii testified of the great Boleslaus Chrobry (992-1025), but also his father, Mesico I (962-992) included, and in addition to these we also have a contemporary denarius with the name of the city of Gnesen?). Of course, Silesia had only just become part of the Polish Empire won and the Bohemian dukes, in their possession it was up until then, been snatched. Nevertheless have we have the same conditions regarding trade and monetary transactions. In any case, as a secondary land of advanced Bohemia behind the northeastern Ge- do not offer retarded. In fact, they have too Finds from Althöfchen?) and Jarutschin ') two copies of one Silesian denarius of the Premyslid Boleslaus I included, whose a page within the inscription: + BOLEZLAV a sword and carries a cross, while on the other side the temple Description: VRATSAO + encloses. Because compared to the complete Correctness of the duke's name would it makes no sense be, the 1) Friedlander, The find from Althöfchen in: Grote’s coin studies VIII, 289. 2) Berl. Sheet £. M.-8. and W.-K. ], plate I, no. 3. 3) Friedlander has in his description of the find the coin not Er- thought done, but you in the royal court. a note attached to the collection, in which Breslau is assumed to be the place of minting. 4) Jadzewski S, 21, or. 7. T.L, 5.

168 Menadier: City names merely for a disfigurement of PRAGA CIV explain, and since Breslau's name is based on Wratislaus I of Bohemia, the father of Boleslaus, is returned!), then nothing should happen stand in the way of establishing the VRATSAO on Wratislavia-Wroclaw. pull. And all the less because the bishop's seat is the old one City of Nimptsch as the second Silesian mint of the tenth Century will have to be put aside, their former Names: “Henicis”?) the reverse side of two denarii of the finds by Munkegaard') and Jarutschin') seem to offer. Yes are these impressions, as they only appear in isolated pieces have come to us, in any case only very minor and far from the extent of Bohemian coinage, which, apart from Prague, includes Wisshegrad Castle and the cities of Pilsen, Königgrätz, Eule, Melnik, Lubik and Malin went out and in large masses are preserved. In any case, our find has none Denarius of Silesian origin included. II. The denarius finds from the province of Poznań. In the antecedent are the Silesian denarii finds des recorded in the tenth, eleventh and twelfth centuries. The ones out the same results obtained for monetary and transport It seems to me to make the history of those centuries more certain primarily required an overview of the simultaneous Finds from the province of Poznań follow. And that is what I consider I have to offer such a thing all the more since there are only five finds, However, the largest and most important deserve a description are, but all others are not disclosed. Of course I can only say very little about most of them 1) Palacky I, 226. 2) Annales Pragenses. (M. G. V, Ss. 3, 119) 990. professio sancti Adal- Berti. Henicis perdita est. 3) Berl. Sheet £. M.-, S. and W.-K. III, 33. 4) Jadzewski 8. 40, no. 18. T. IV, 36.

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 169 Notes teach, but these too will fail better be useful and serve the stated purpose. Also doubt I don't think the same on the Polish side become can be increased and expanded, but this is likely to be the case rather as a result of the suggestion given here, than without one such enter. So I bring what I want means was possible for publication by using the finds in chronological order according to the time of their burial: l. m Arabic coins are found in the Gniezno area found in the ninth century. (Schwartz, Materials on the prehistoric cartography of the province of Posen. Posener Gymnastics program 1875. After the files of the museum to poses.) In Psary in the Adelnau district, in addition to silver jewelry, things, a tiara and earrings, Arabic coins out dem ninth and tenth century found. (Zenkteller, contribution to the excavations in the province poses. Gymnastics program from Ostrowo 1874.) Zu Lacz-Mühle near Posen is in one in 1872 Urn with an iron lid a large silver treasure found and through Mr. Rachowezynski in Poznan Royal sent to the museum. It contained four winding ones Silver rings, clasps weighing 320 g, other items Silver jewelry in weight from 370 gr. and besides 2220 gr. Hacksilver and 140 gr. larger coin fragments. The latter all belong to Bavarian and Kufic imprints. (Inventory of the prehistoric collection the royal Museums II, 6734-39. Royal Registry Museums. Acta, concerning acquisitions of prehistoric lichen Antiquities 1872. 4285.) The discovery of Obrzycko on the Warta in the Obornik district raised in September 1842, contained 210 whole, 298 broken broken coins and 12 pounds of 8% Loth hacksilver and 19% Loth silver jewelry, in total 15 pounds 15°, Loth. Among the coins were numerous Oriental ones

Menadier: Umailad coins, Samanids and Buweihids and one Hindustani and eight fragments of Sassanian Coins, of the Byzantine emperors were Romanus I, Constantin X, Stephan and Constantin, Constantin X and Romanus II, Niceforus, Focas and Johannes Zimisces kick. A Roman denarius of Otto1 came from Italy and John's XII, one Ottonian denarius each from Milan and Pavia and such Berengar’s II and Adalbert’s. Ver- There was a single Lothar denarius and a denarius from Rheims Edgar's by England. Numerous broken turn- pennies and Ottonian denarii from Cologne, Mainz, Speier, Breisach formed the majority the German one Coins. Also worth mentioning are the denarii of Henry I of Verdun, Otto and Adalbert of Metz, Otto and Bruno of Cologne, Otto II and Erkambold of Strasbourg, Ulrich of Augs- castle, a fragment of the Boleslaus I and the Biagota of Bohemia, two Basel denarii of Konrad of Burgundy and finally two Roman denarii, the Antoninus and the Theodosius. The burial will have taken place around 973. (Friedlander, The Find from Obrzycko, Berlin 1844. Dannenberg, The German coins of the Saxon and Franconian imperial period, p. 41.) The discovery of Tureff in the district of Kosten, in 1846 raised, contained, in addition to silver jewelry, 80 questionable Mentarian Kufic, a Byzantine (Constantine X and Romanus II) and 79 Western ones coins, underneath Cologne denarii of King Otto I and Archbishop Bruno and a Speier denarius of Otto I, as well as denarii of Bavarian dukes Arnulf, Heinrich I and I (16) and the Swabian Dukes Lutolf and Burkhard, as well as des Bishop Ulrich of Augsburg and finally Count Richard from Normandy and Pavesian influences Berengar's Il and Adalbert, so that his burial occurred before the year 976 will have taken place. (v. Köhne, The Tureff Find, in: Mem... de St. Pet. (1851) V, 241. Dannenberg,

[0 o) 10. Customer of German coins from the Middle Ages. 171 The German coins the Saxon one and Franconian Imperial period, 8. 43.) To Brodnica near Czempin in the Schrimm district are 15 Silver coins, “Bracteates from the time of Otto II* found. (Schwartz, Materials on prehistoric cartography of the Province of Poznan, Gymn.-Progr. Posen 1875. After the Records of the Museum in Poznan.) To Witakowice near Pudewitz in the Schroda district is In 1879 a coin discovery was made, one of which was small Rest in the royal prehistoric collection. Museums reached is. Same contained just Otto Adelheid denarii and oriental coins, under latterly after the treatment mood of Prof. Erman fragments of the Sama niden Nasr ibn Ahmed, Nuh ibn Nasr (-954) and the Khalifa El Mugtadir (} 932). (Journal of Ethnology 1879, 159. Inventory of the prehistoric collection Royal Museums D, 11, 336. Royal Registry Museums. Acta, concerning acquisitions of prehistoric ancient thümern 1879. 1788.) In the area of Miniszewo and Leg near Pleschen at the prosna is close to flint instruments Dortmund Otto’s II denarius found. (Nehring, about some recent research in the field of prehistoric rian antiquities in Slavic countries. Silesia Prehistoric times in images and writing IIL, 86.) On July 11, 1861 are from the Royal Administration Eastern Railway to Bromberg 875 silver coins out of the time around the year 1000, whose weight was 1,853 pounds, mostly from German mints, and some jewelry purchased. (Acquisitions journal for the collection the coins and medals of the Middle Ages and the New Age time des Coin cabinets the Royal Museums III, 1861. July 11th, 16th) To Wongrowitz is in 1861 from the landlord Woyciech Janowiak and the servant Anton Lukasiwiez

Menadier: a coin treasure with a weight of 14%, found in Loth 13 turning pennies, 99 denarii of King Otto III and and the Adelheid, 3 from Cologne, 1 from Magdeburg, 1 from Dortmund 2% Würzburger, 7 Bavarian, 20 Bohemian, 4 indeterminate Contained denarii and 3 dirhems. (Acquisitions Journal for the collection of coins and medals from the Middle Ages and modern times of the coin cabinet the royal Museums 111, 1862. Jan 9, 37) . To Magnuschewitz is in December 1873 on the Fields the landlord Glogowski a pot of coins and Silver jewelry weighing 3'% pounds unearthed. The mass the same is to the dealer Wolf in Jarutschin sold, 11 retained coins and 6 fragments are by the king. District Office Pleschen the Royal. Museum sent in. Below located an Omeriz denarius of Duke Boleslaus II of Bohemia, and in particular a Malin denarius of Sobeslaus. (Registry of the Royal Museums. Acta, concerning acquisitions of coins and Medals, vol. 29, no. 342. 1874.) . The Yarutschin find, discovered in mid-September 1878, weighed 2683 grams and contained 781 coins. Half of which were Wendenpfennige (71) and Otto-Adelheid- denarii (345). Ottonian denarii were also used kick from Cologne (27), Quedlinburg (6), Magdeburg (12), Hildesheim (2), Dortmund (6), Mainz (36), Speier (4), Würz- Burg (3) and Strassburg (1), then denarii of Adalbero of Metz (4), Henry I of Verdun (1), Bernhard I of Saxony (1), Erkambold (1) and Widerold (2) from Strass- burg, Augsburg denarii of the bishops Ulrich (1), Hein- rich I (1) and Luitolf (3), and the dukes Otto (2) and Heinrich II (2), the Bavarian dukes of Heinrich I except for King Heinrich II from Regensburg (55), Nabburg (7), Neuburg (1) and Salzburg (1). To be highlighted are be- special the 114 Bohemian denarii, of which 4 dem Jaromir, 1 to Otto Bezbriem, 2 to Sobeslaus von Lubic

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 1793 belong to, the others bear the name Boleslaus, numerous rich Stamp attributed to Boleslaus III and some Wishegrad and Königgrätz as places of minting. Ver- There are finally 5 Italian ones left (Lucca, Pavia) and 4 Anglo-Saxons (Ethelred) denarii, 3 Polish halfs bracteates, 2 Byzantine and 11 Arabic coins. The youngest coins are those of Jaromir, who died in 1003 Reign came. (W. Jazdzewski, Wykopalisko jarocinskie a mianowicie monety Boleslawöw czech. Poznan 1879. Dannenberg, The denarius find from Jarocin, Z. f. N. VII, 146.) The discovery of Althöfchen on the Obra (near Schwerin). the Warta), raised in an urn in April 1872 Pieces of jewelry, enamel plates and many thousands of coins with a total weight of 7070 grams. Among the latter There were only 22 Muhammadan and 4 Byzantine cal coins. The bulk of the coins were Wendenpfennigs and Otto Adelheid denarii. The rest distributed yourself on Ludwig II (4), Verdun: Heinrich II (11), Dietrich v. Metz (5), Dietrich v. Lorraine (4), Dinant: H.U, Huy: Otto, Maestricht: H. II (5), Liège: Otto, undetermined Dutch (4), Cologne: Otto (93), H. II (2), Trier: Otto (5), H.II (2), Utrecht: H.II (3), Thiel: H.II (3), Deven- ter: H. II (9), Bernhard v. Saxony (35), Magdeburg: Otto, Bernward v. Hildesheim (3), Dortmund: Otto (10), H. II (5), Wigman (9), Meissen, Mainz: Otto (14), H. II (17), Willigis (18), Würzburg: Otto (2), Worms: Otto (18), Speier: Otto (3), Otto v. Swabia (3), Augsburg: Ludolf (1), Bruno (2), H. II (16), Breisach: Otto II (2), Ulrich v. Chur, Constanz (2), Esslingen: H. II (3), Strasbourg: Er- kambold (1), Widerold (2), Otto IH (1), H. II (16), Regens- Burg: H.I (5), H.II (8), H.IV (14), Salzburg: H.I (3), Hartwig (1), Naabburg: Otto (1), Neunburg: H. IV (2), the Bohemian dukes Wenceslaus (1), Boleslaus (16), Wla- diwoi (1), Jaromir (4) and Ulrich (1) as well as 20 undetermined, the Polish dukes Mesico I (4), Boleslaus I (3) along with

Menadier: 7 indefinite and finally Ethelred IT (70), Knud (6) and Sithrie of Ireland (1), Pavia (2) and Verona (2). The Burial will have taken place around the year 1020. (Friedlander, The discovery of Althöfchen in: Grote’s coin studies. VIII, 267. Dannenberg, The German coins of the Saxon and Franconian imperial period. p. 49.) Near Rackwitz, 1% miles northeast of A silver treasure was found in Wollstein in 1878, which consists of earrings, bobbles, clasps, bars and 59 coins, as well as 36 small coin fragments existed. From the the latter belonged to the Buweihiden Rokneddaula and Adu- deddaula (949-981). Among the first were except Wendenpfennigen and Otto Adelheid denarii those of Verdun (H. I), Cologne (4 Ottonian and 1 H. II), Deventer, Magdeburg, Worms and Regensburg, as well as 2 pennies Ethelred’s II (Totness, Godvine; London, Eadvine) and one Imitation of a coin of Cnut. (Virchow, Silver Finds in the north and east of Europe. Magazine for ethno logy X, 212. Verh. d. anthropic. Ges. in Berlin 1878. 206.) To Borzecice at Koschmin in the Krotoschin district In April 1883, an urn containing 529 pieces standing coin treasure lifted and through the mediation of the Mr. Landrath Glasses to the Royal Museum for the benefit investigation and selection sent in been. The find contained numerous small pennies, next to them one of the old large species was found, and about 100 de- nare of King Otto III and Adelheid, which the formed the main mass of it. Among the other German some of which are completely worn out due to long periods of use Coins were: 1. Gottfried I or II of Bouillon. Dbg. 188 .1 pc. 2. Liège. A poorly preserved denarius . . .1, 3. Duisburg. Henry III as king 1039-1046, Dbg. 315 EA) . Cologne. Otto IH. Dbg. 335.

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 175 >, Cologne.' Konnad Il: Dbe. 356... and... cr 1.88. 6. Cologne. Archbishop Piligrim. 1021—1086 . . .1 "," 7. Cologne. Conrad I and Piligrim. Dbg. 3831 . .1, 8. Cologne. Archbishop Hermann II. 1036—1056. Dbr.38an3: .usuul from mellanern ann 9. Groningen. Bishop Bernold from Utrecht. 1027-1094. :Dba.! 559. u, aan. N 10. Deventer. Denarii of the common type. 11. Thiel. Denarii of the common type. 12. Bernard II of Saxony. 1011—1059. Dbg. 588 1 13. Bernard II of Saxony. Head of Konrad II like on the Deventer denarius. Dbg. 566 b. — Church flag like Dbg. 591 . nd 14. Magdeburg. Otto III Dbg. 639 . Et 20. Maedebnne! © DbE:.:647 ,: 0 WiFi as D 16. Minden. Henry II Dbg. 726 . u 17. Mainz. Archbishop Bardo. 1031—1051. Dbg. 805 3 18. Mainz. Archbishop Luitpold... 1051 — 1059. DB Bon. U. usaueun Aukay ol kan Strassburr. «Conrad and... aa.) 20. Regensburg. Henry III Dbg. 101lla...2, Special numerous should the Bohemian ones and un- Garish coins and under them the Dukes Ulrich, Bretislaus I, Spitignew and Wratislaus, their rule the years 1012-1095, and the kings Stephen I, Peter, Andrew and Bela, who reigned from 997 to 1063, have been represented. From Polish coins I find just a denarius of Mesico I (962 — 992). Ethelred II of England was with a denarius of Elfstan of Leicester, Knud with one each of the Stircer of York, of the Sunegod of Lincoln, of the Lefvine from London and Edward with one of the Vulmer of Exeter represented. Few fragments Arabic silver jewelry in the recurring shapes and some things together Melted silver was mixed into the find, Arabic

Menadier: Coins, however, do not. (Handwritten note by Friedländer in the Royal Mint Cabinet. museums.) To Wielowies in the Krotoschin district, a property of the Counts V. Radolinski, silver was discovered in 1856 raised, consisting of coins, broken silver and some silver jewelry. The 11th century hearing coins weighed 1 pound 11 loth. After the Cleaning the same resulted broken silver in weight of 3?”/, Loth and 433 usable coins. Among these were located 410 German denarii and among them as Main mass 91 Wendenpfennigs and 238 denarii of Otto III and the Adelheid, also 32 Ottonian denarii from Cologne, 1 denarius of Archbishop Piligrim, 1 denarius of Thiel, 2 denarii of Duke Bernhard of Saxony, 1 denarius of Bishop Godehard of Hildesheim, 2 denarii of the archbishop Willigis of Mainz and two royal coins of Mainz, 12 Strasbourg denarii, including one of Bishop Widerold, 1 denarius each of Bishop Rudhard from Constanze and des Bishop Luitolf of Augsburg, 3 royal coins from Augsburg, 16 Regensburg denarii, 6 Bohemian denarii, namely 3 of Duke Boleslaus, 1 of Jaromir and 2 of Udalric, 2 indefinite coins of King Henry II and 9 unrecognizable denarii. Of foreign coins 1 denarius each was found from Pavia, Aquitaine and Nevers, 1 denarius of Sihtric of Ireland, 4 of King Canute of England (Bardney, Lincoln, London, Norwic), 2 of the King Stephen of Hungary and finally a Dirhem of the Sama niden Ismail ben Achmed from the year 289 of Hejra (born 902 AD) and one circumcised Spanish Ummaiad coin of Hesham II or III. (acquisitions Journal for the collection of coins and medals Medieval and modern times of the royal coin cabinet. Museums II, 1856. 261. Oct. 13) . On the new lands of the landlord Binder at Parlin Colonie is on June 10, 1874 in a decayed linen rag

18. 19, Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. E77 a find of coins in weight of 297.07 gr. and Jewelry and fragments weighing 240.80 gr. raised and by the king. Mogilno district council office Royal sent to the museum. According to the report Fried- The majority of the coins were Wendenpfennigs and Otto Adelheid denarii. Only one was worth purchasing Denarius of Archbishop Pilgrim of Cologne, 1 denarius of Knut of England, 1 barbarized Anglo-Saxon coin, 1 denarius of King Stephen of Hungary, 4 Polish and 1 dirhem. (Registry of the Royal Museums. Acta, concerning acquisitions exercises of coins and medals vol. 29, no. 1037, 1874.) The find from Labiszyn in the Schubin circle fraud 366% grams, from those unfortunately just two third to scientific investigation. The main mass the same consisted of Cologne Öttons, Otto Adel Heiddenaren, Wendenpfennigen and wild ones rain burger characteristics. There were also denarii among them Otto’s III of Huy, Mainz (3), Worms and Würzburg (2), Heinrich’s II of Cologne, Utrecht, Deventer, Thiel and Strasbourg and Konrad II of Dortmund and Mainz, as well as then Heimo of Verdun, Albert of Namur at Dinant, Piligrim of Cologne, Bernhard II of Saxony (2), Hiad- merus, and a denarius with the inscription: Caesar invictus, and finally 1 denarius each from Boleslaus and Bretislaus Bohemia and Knut and Harthaknut. The find will be buried in 1040. (Dannenberg, Labiszyn coin find. 2.2 N» VI, 153.) On the Zaborowo Dominion are on April 5, 1871 702 coins found and donated by the king. District court in Woll- stone to the king Sent to coin cabinet. After the good- Eighth Friedlander, the great majority of them consisted of Wendenpfennigen. The few German coins were poorly preserved and only five of them, namely a denarius of Count Wigman, an obol of Bishop Bruno from Merseburg and a denarius of Duke Spitignew of Journal of Numismatics, XV, 12

Menadier:: Bohemia, a London penny Edward the Confessor and a denarius of King Stephen of Hungary worth purchasing. (Registry of the Royal Museums. Acta, concerning acquisitions exercises of coins and medals, vol. 27, no. 569. 1871.) In the field of the Domain Vorwerk Paradise it is April 1871 54 silver coins and 11 fragments found and from the king Meseritz District Court to the Royal. coin cabinet sent. According to Friedländer's report including, notably, a Worms denarius from the emperor Henry III and Bishop Arnold, 2 denarii of the Duke Spitignews of Bohemia, a denarius of Duke Bretislaus of Bohemia and 7 denarii of King Stephen of Hungary. (Registry of the Royal Museums. Acta, concerning acquisitions exercises of coins and medals, vol. 27, no. 633. 1871.) ' In year 1822 plowed a plowman at Villages Chelmce a pot at Lake Goplo not far from Kruschwitz with old Polish coins and other antiquities, among which there is also a silver neck or chest ornament available was, that of twelve equal ones through three Rows of silver chains with interconnected bracteates existed. (T. v. Wolahski’s letters about Slavic antiquity thümer. First collection [Gnesen 1846], p. 49.) . On the Gute Leng at Lake Goplo (Bromberg) there are... July 1855 near a round earth wall and remains a necklace and a silver ring, some hands full of coins were found, including German, English and Polish niche, namely the former from the time of the emperor Henry (III), the others influenced by Ethelred and Canut, some also with the name of Udalric (of Bohemia). (Leitzmann, Numismatic Newspaper 1855. Col. 119.) IV. The denarius find from Uszcz near Culm. In April of the current year is from the prehistoric Department of the Royal Museums acquired a silver treasure,

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 179 which a long time ago was in a small earthenware vessel at Uszez was found near Culm. It consisted of fragments of jewelry weighing 26.50 gr. and German, Byzantine and Oriental coins and coin fragments weighing 184.28 gr. Among the latter (139.3 gr.) has Professor Erman described a coin as a barbaric piece of the Mikail ibn Gafar referred to; the rest are according to the same Coins from the most represented Samanids and the youngest among them a fragment with the name of Abd al Melik. The both Byzantines are a coin of Johannes Zimisces (Sabatier, t. 67, 19), and half of a cast coin of the emperors Constantin X and Romanus II (Sabatier, t. 67, 1). The Germans Finally, coins are a fragment of an Ottonian denarius from Cologne, a Mainz denarius (Dbg. 776 fg.) with the inscriptions remains: OTTO///MIA/I, two Speyer denarii (Dbe. 825) with the Remnants of transcription: + O///IIAPCAI — SPIRA CI///// and OTTOI///I! — SRPIA/////, a Regensburg denarius of Duke Heinrich II of Bavaria (Dbg. 1064), a Bohemian Boleslaus denarius with a Cross with three balls at three angles on one and one Temple with the inscription: PER on the other side and finally a fragment of a Wendenpfennig (Dbg. 1328). How he pre- lies, the treasure only fills a little more than half of the vessel so that it can be assumed that it was originally larger; Nevertheless, we are entitled to determine the time of the discovery dare and deny him because of the absence of Otto-Adelheiddenaren to include the oldest finds of German coins and the decades from 960 to 980 as the burial time of the same. On this occasion another denarius discovery may also be made the province of West Prussia mention happen, mine Knowledge not yet recorded in the numismatic literature is. According to the acquisition journal for the collection of coins and medals from the Middle Ages and modern times from the coin cabinet of the Royal Museums (II, 1856 November 1st no. 266) is in the peat broke into Bielawe in the Gdansk region in 1856 a coin find raised, consisting of 24 coins and some 12*

180 Menadier: Fragments weighing 4, Loth. Among the first was a Roman denarius from the imperial period, six pennies, six Ottonian denarii from Cologne, three other Ottonian ones denarii, a Deventer denarius of Heinrich II, a denarius of Archbishop Willigis of Mainz, a Strasbourg denarius Hein- Rich's III, a denarius of Duke Bretislaus I of Bohemia wild Bohemian denarius, a denarius of Ethelred II of England land, minted at Wallingford by Sigeulf, and a dirhem of the Samanid Nasr ben Ahmed from the year 313 of the escape = 925/26 AD G. v. The denarius find from Gera. In the XIV volume the journal for numismatics describes Dannenberg in the list of Sinzlow's finds no. 20 one Denarius of Merseburg (?) Cross with four balls in the angles. — Building in whose gates T. Inscriptions not pronounced. (Götz, Germany's imperial coins, No. 590.) and adds: “This copy also has, like all the others I know barely a few faint traces of writing. This peculiarity, which is probably less due to poor preservation than to faulty ones Embossing attributed is vividly reminiscent of the Erfurt people Denarii of Aribo and Bardo, and so perhaps the W would like under the building (if it is even a letter) one Allow an interpretation of Merseburg if one specifically considers that also the oldest coins of this city belong to Bishop Bruno 1020-36) are of a very careless character, and that then our coin makes a suitable transition from these to this already at the end of the XI. Century occurring semi-bractates form would. It is: this just a faint glow in such darkness.”

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 181 Full light grants this mysterious denarius an in In 1878, a denarius discovery was made in the area around Gera. I've noticed the same thing occasionally Screening of the as yet undetermined coins in the coin collection ment of the Royal Museums, among which some denarii are considered to be from are referred to as originating from this find. In the numismatic I haven't found any mention of it in the literature. Mr. Elle in Apolda also gave me the coins of his time sent in, cannot provide any further information. I have to I will therefore limit myself to the coins known as such to do. There are the following four shapes: 1. FADELBE(RTVS) - Cross with a ball at each angle. — HE////// King's head. 2. r ADEL(BE)RTC//// Bust portrait of a clergyman in front view with a crook in the right and a lily staff in the left hand. — +ERP/////IEHRT church building with a high gable between two domed towers, in which Gate a ®. (The illustration is after several defects adherent, complementary pieces.)

Menadier: Iso VCV ///// Bust image of a clergyman with crook in Side view to the left. — vw ONV ////// sVN A lily beneath an arch decorated with three towers. ARCSND //l/// (a second piece shows: To VY»M) Bust portrait of a clergyman with a crook in side view to the right. — MI» A lily under a three-towered one bow. The last two stamps have confusing inscriptions and as a result cannot be determined with certainty: The first two, on the other hand, show the remains on the reverse side Name of the city of Erfurt and the name on the main pages Adalbert's, undoubtedly the first of the two of the same name, successive archbishops of Mainz, who belonged to the archbishopric of 1111 to 1137 chaired the board. And these are the ones those the The denarius mentioned at the beginning is closely linked to the one the Erfurt style the main page with the cross has in common with the other the figure in the church gate is certainly not a letter. This denarius is therefore also safe to Erfurt to relocate, whose older coins already from Dannenberg were used for comparison. VL Thuringian-Hessian bracteate finds. Like in the past, like that are with us this year too Thuringian - Hessian bracteates in particular large number and excellent preservation thanks to new finds. The smallest of them in terms of size, the one through mr Weyl in the royal. Find presented by coin cabinet Gross-Ehrich contained the following sixteen coins: Royal character of Nordhausen. 1. Within a double pearl hoop sit two crowned ones Figures between which there is a double one below

IS 4. Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. ' 183 bow a cross staff raised and at the top on a flat arch a larger domed tower with small side towers is arranged. Royal coinage of Mühlhausen. Inside a beaded and a smooth tire with a closed jagged ornament, the king riding to the left with flag and line sign. Over the horse's head the globe and a ringlet, as if above your head the bow and between the feet of it. (Similar: v. Posern-Klett I, 3. Find by Klein-Vach 9.) Inside a double pearl circlet with the transcription: has AST MONATA RAGIS OTTORIS the one to the left riding king with flag and eagle shield. Over the hilltop of the horse a domed tower on a pearled arch and above three points on the head. (Found by Klein-Vach 10.) Characteristics of Thuringian dynasts. Inside two pearl hoops with unrecognizable inscriptions the one after Count riding on the left with flag and shield, the carries a rose over the empty base of the shield. Over the hilltop of the horse a domed tower on weak Arc line. (Zincographic Figure 19.) Inside two pearl hoops with the inscription: VKONO IMS NONOMOM the count riding to the left with a flag and lion shield. Above the horse's head a cross

184 10. Il. Menadlier: load-bearing building on a beaded curved line, and between the feet as above the head of the same 4 points each. 4 balls on the outer edge. (Found by Klein-Vach 20.) Inside two pearl hoops with one completely overgrown Inscription of the count riding to the left on a curved line with flag and lion shield. Over the horse's head an acorn branch. (Found by Klein-Vach 34.) - Inside two pearl hoops with unrecognizable inscriptions the count riding to the left with a flag and lion shield over a wall with three towers. Over the top of the Horse a building on a pearled arch. (Similar find by Klein-Vach 31.) Inside two pearl hoops with the inscription: UCMON AILUND-UPNT the count riding to the right with a flag and nailed sign. Over the horse's head florets and a ball, in front of the bow and between the There is also a ball on the base and four on the outer edge balls. (Found by Klein-Vach 43.) Inside two Pearl hoops with tendril decoration the Count riding to the right with a flag and a nailed shield. Over the horse's head a wheel and between the Fussen the same two balls. The tendril decoration equals that on the bracteates of Bernhard of Saxony the Trebitz finds 38/40. (Zincographic Figure 18.) Inside three pearl hoops with confused transcription of the after right riding Bare-headed count with flag and Shield. Above the horse's head is the globe, between a rose on the feet and above the head, in front of the bow and between the forefeet the same one ball, (Found by Klein-Vach 49.) Within two smooth tires the one riding to the right Count with flag and shield in his left hand and drawn Sword in the right hand. Above the horse's head a point. (Found by Klein-Vach 52.)

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 185 Erfurt stamp of the Archbishops of Mainz. Lupold von Schönfeld 1200-1230, 12. Within two vertical margins with the inscription: LVYPOLDVS. APCKIAPS - ARPRVRDE the archbishop sits between two cross-bearing domed towers on a bow and holds with his right hand a crook and with his left a cross staff and a book. (by Posern-Klett RI, 8, Find by Klein-Vach 90.) Siegfried II of Eppstein 1200-1230. 135. Inside three smooth and one gridded double tires sits the archbishop on a sheet and holds with the right hand a crook and with the left one book. In the field the Transcription: AP CSEI FRID' N 0) (Found by Klein-Vach 91.) 14. Inside three pearl hoops with the inscription: ARHIEPCS AREPHVTS the archbishop sits between two domed towers and holds a book with his left hand while he raises his right hand to bless. (Found by Klein-Vach 93.) 15. Within two smooth tires the archbishop sits on one Bow and holds a crook and with his right hand with the left a book. In the field a star on both sides. The two saints Transcription: ARHIAPCS CERPH ///IS is through one pearled and a smooth frost from the field separated. (Found by Klein-Vach 94.) Gera stamp of Abbess Sophie (1203-1224) of Quedlinburg. 16. The abbess sits, resting her feet on a double arch, on a strip of wall between two towers and shoulders with the right hand a cross staff and with the left a branch. In the field next to the feet two roses. A pearl circlet extending over her head and a wide one Smooth high edges surround the picture. The outer edge is wearing 8 balls. (Zincographic Figure 17.) Almost continuously are these with few Exceptions no. 2, 13, 14, 15) in the found mass presented only in one Bracteates contained in individual specimens in the finds of small

186 Menadier: Wow represented and to Partly already known cewesen. In many cases there is likely to be more interest than the coins Even the fact that they are without any protective effect excites them Shell is said to be found in the ground in the middle of four the museum likewise delivered various un- shaped figures made of walrus, which can be viewed as chess pieces should be. the same time, d. h. the first decade of the twelfth century, belongs too the coin treasure on, the one from that Farmer C. Ickler too Erzebach farm in the Hersfeld district found on March 29th in an earthen pot and from the Lord Director Dr. Pinder in a selection of all embossings Attached the number of copies found has been sent to me. It was composed of: Hersfeld coins: Abbot Siegfried of Hersfeld 1180-1200. 1. Within one strong and two weak pearls mature sits the one with a miter covered abbot up an arched wall with a domed tower on both sides with three rows of windows. At his feet are arranged in two squares. The two saints, above and inscription interrupted below: ISIGAFRIDVS AAB ADIGAFRIDVS AAB is from Fields through one pearled, one smooth and one gridded Double hoop separated between these. (Plate VII, 5) against 40 pcs, Abbot John 1201-1213. %. Within one strong and two weak pearls The abbot stands mature, covered with a bicornuate miter between two standing on beaded arched lines domed towers and holds the crooked tower with his right staff and with his left a book. Scattered in the field There are five points arranged along the edge

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. the inscription: GEP RDVNVI IS IE EGIPIV DIGE. (Plate VII, 4) h Within a strong and ie eggs a peak mature sitting next to each other on the left the saint, the right hand raising to blessing, with the left holding a book and on the right the one with the miter cornis covered abbot with a crook in his right and a book in his left hand. To A small one rises between them at their feet Domed tower on a flat pearled arch. The three-part inscription: ISIGARRI VNOVSI FE is through one Pearl circles separated from the field. Up dem outer edges are four Points arranged. Rat Base a, Ow 1. een Within a strong and three rare pearls The bare-headed abbot sits maturely with a crooked staff in the right and a beech in the left Hand between two domed towers, the two saints Inscription interrupted above and below: IOHTNNAS HARSFAL is from the field of the coin through one pearled and two smooth tires divorced. In There are two in the field above the abbot's shoulders and four points arranged on the outer edge. no dar sn Within one strong and three weak pearls mature, the bare-headed abbot stands with a crooked staff in the right and a beech in the left hand. The two-sacred one, interrupted at the top and bottom Transcription: IOHANNAS HARSFALDANSI-S is from the field through a pearled, a smooth, and separated by a latticed double hoop between them. CEALHMIE DD) sp nn: ie Ba . against Hersfeld: 6. Within one strong and three weak pearls 187 2 pcs. 30 8t. 200 pieces 50 pieces Embossing one worldly gentleman out the neighborhood from

Menadier: ripe ones are to the sides a small domed tower, which stands on a pearled arch, two world- lords arranged, of whom the one on the right, with smooth headgear and coat provided, sits and in the left hand a scepter holds, while he raises his right hand; the one on the left, however stands bareheaded and holds a flag with both hands holds. The two-sacred one, interrupted at the top and bottom Caption: AFRD NAGIRA is marked by a pearl ripely separated from the field. (Plate VII, 6) Inside two pearled and two smooth tires the count stands between two domed towers. He is with a smooth headgear and a coat and holds a scepter with his right hand the left a flag. On the left are next to the Head a ball and a square in the field arranges. The two saints, top and bottom underneath broken inscription: NAUH NANNVE is from the field through a pearled, a smooth and a ge- latticed double hoop between these separated. (Plate. VL a a A “1. LAKES . Within one strong and two weak pearls The count stands between two domed towers. He is with a smooth headgear and a Coat provided and shouldered with the right hand a sword and with his left a scepter. The two-holy, above and below interrupted environment font: VNZARAN VUISRNST is through a pearled, a smooth and a gridded double ripe between these separated from the field. (Plate VII, 8) . Inside a pearled, one smooth and one latticed double hoop between this one stands the Count between two domed tower buildings. He is with a smooth headgear and a coat see and shoulders a sword with his left hand

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 189 and with the right a scepter. Is in the field A ball is arranged at the top right and bottom left. The two-sacred surround, interrupted at the top and bottom writing: AVYDMIONRIMM STRIAZEMAINZEUER BEE NEL DD). 0.0.20. 20 nn Beeu Ze and a royal stamp: 10. Inside threesome smooth tires sits the king, Holding globe and scepter in his hands one pearled bow, enclosed from one tire that extends over him into a three-arched bulges and from the outer edge through transverse lines is separated, while in the upper spandrels orna- elements are arranged. (Act VL 10) .. ... 2.1. Special interest own among these bracteates the dynastic character, which can be found in some bracteates of Klein-Vach will find counterparts, but first, so far as I know see, were completely unknown. By uniting with the Hersfelder Bracteates to a treasure and the complete Equality with these in style and cut becomes the immediate Neighborhood of Hersfeld as their hometown testifies: yes is it is due to the continuous overwilding of the transcriptions and Given the lack of any heraldic symbol, it is hardly advisable to have a specific one to describe a dynasty. Hersfeld stamp, a few stamps, but the individual ones in large numbers, the discovery of Harleshausen delivered that I saw at Mr. Banker Hahlo's, namely: 1. HEN //// The bust portrait 'of the abbot, the one with the right hand a crook shoulders and with the left a book holds. 4 shillings weighed 28.4 grams. (Plate VI, 27) . . 51 pcs. 2. BERT. The bust of the abbot with his right hand a crook shoulders and with the left a book namıuk lat: VI 2n.. mouth VB N en

190 Menadier: . MENE. The bust of the man with a two-pointed miter covered abbot, holding a palm branch with his right hand and holds a book with his left hand. In the field on both sides Ringel. 12 shillings weighed 52.1 gr., 6 more shillings DOES LDaE. NE 283, 2.0.00 20. Le 24 hours NVNV. Under a portal led by a central tower building and two side domed towers crowned will, the bust portrait the one covered with a two-pointed miter Abbot holding with his right hand a crook and with the left hand a book, wait... (Plate VE 29)... . 2.16 :8t, The transcriptions of the two first described undoubtedly the Hersfelds Abbots Henry VI of Swinrode (1296-1300) and Bertholdt of Elves (1301-1302) than that coiners of the same and for the other two there is an equal like origin is attested by the fact that several bracteates of the first genus turn out to be overprints of the third kind. Finally there's a coin treasure here too unknown location from the province of Hesse, which is in the museum Fridericianum in Cassel and in hundreds of specimens A Hersfeld and an Erfurt impression emerge from the beginning of the fourteenth century, namely: 1. The seated abbot holds within a strong beaded border with his right hand a crook and with his left a book. Above that latter and next to the curve of the A point is arranged in the field of the rod. On the edge: H>o:R.T: (Act VI) . Inside a strong beaded rim holds the seated ore Bishop holds the wheel with his right hand and one with his left book. On the sidelines: HV HV. (Plate VII, b.) VII. Zeitz's bracteate find near Barby. In the spring of last year, the domain vorwerk Zeitz found a coin at Barby's, which was discovered by the

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 191 Royal government in Magdeburg to the king. Museum for examination and selection has been sent. With exception some Brandenburg ones Denarii and Thuringian - Meissen It only contained bracteates and a hitch penny Magdeburg bracteates with the image of the archbishop both as Saint Maurice. The majority of them are from earlier ones Finds already known. However, since a summary description work of Magdeburg coins still pending and the chronological fixation of the individual stamps in the process silence of the mint and the little care taken with the finds to this genus so far has shown great difficulty. things come across, All finds should be recorded and be depicted'). Since every find has some talking coins and in them a reference for determining the time contains, grow finally the discovery groups to closed chronological rows together. The find contained: a) Magdeburg bracteates with the image of the archbishop: 1. TRODOLPHVS DEIG. The bust of the archbishop, the. with the right hand a crook and with the left shouldered a ball cross staff . . . . 17 hours 2. The Archbishop holds his right half raised a crook in one hand and one in the left Ball cross stick. In the field: R ®- Weighed one shilling 8.45 gr., a second 8.00 gr.. . ... 120% y The Archbishop shoulders a Baba on both sides” Fields: ROP ERTI. Two shillings weighed 15.95 gr. two others 15.45 gr. . . ... N m 4. The Archbishop between two lilies si Macdi ade standing, shoulders with the right hand one Crosier and with the left a ball cross staff 13°, “ 5. The Archbishop under one triple bow standing between two towers, holds with the a crook in his right hand and a crook in his left D.S 1) The coins are shown in the same order on Plate VI.

192 6. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Menadier: a ball cross stick. A shilling weighed 8.25 gr., a second 7.75 gr... The Archbishop. holds half N one on both sides Ball cross staff (three of which were overstamped). Two Shillings weighed 14.35 gr., two others weighed 14.11 gr. The archbishop between two two-leaf tendrils standing, holding a ball on either side, half raised cross staff The archbishop holds nk dar Haehiien En one Crosier and with the left, from which the pallium hanging down, a book of the Gospels . . \ The Archbishop holds a | with his right hand Crosier and with the left a ball cross rod. In the field on both sides a five-pointed star. Two shillings weighed 15.94 Gr., two others 15.85 gr. Under a portal with two towers, between which a star is arranged, the bust of the archbishop with a ball cross staff on both sides on the side (four of which were overstamped). Nine shillings weighed BllB am a. u. log The archbishop's head is called oh under one Portal, which is surrounded by a central battlement tower and crowned by two side domed towers and both Enclosed on the side by a small domed tower (one of which was overprinted). Under a double arch that a Priemschätle and two small domed towers crown the chest pictures of two clergymen above a gallery. . b) Moritzpfennigs: MAVRICIVS in the field. The standing helmeted saint shoulders a sword with his right hand and with the left flag and shield j IM V in the field. The standing bare-headed saint shoulders with the right hand a flag and 48% 9% ” b2) » n

15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24, Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. holds with the left shield and palm. In the field on the left a small domed tower . N N MAVR ICIVS in the field. The standing bare-headed one Saint holds a sword with his right hand with the left a ball cross staff { The standing one bare-headed saints holds with the a lance in his right hand and a lance in his left flag. A ball on both sides of the field The standing one bare-headed saints holds with the a lance in his right hand and a flag in his left and shield. A ball in the field on the left. A shilling weighed 8.8 g, a second weighed 8.4 g... Me The standing one bare-headed Saints holds with the a sword in his right hand and a sword in his left Lance. Two Shillings weighed 15.15 gr., two other 15.5 gr. no ol The bare-headed saint stands with his arms outstretched arms between two arches, which are surrounded by small domes crowned with towers a The bare-headed saint sits on a wall roam between two small domed towers and holds a cross staff in each hand ; The bare-headed one, with one coat clothed Saints sits on a bow and holds it with the a palm tree in the right hand and one in the left flag. One shilling weighed 7.85 gr., a second 1.80 Gm, BI NER RER A The bare-headed saint sits on a bow and holds a small ball cross in each hand rod. Three shillings weighed 23.55 gr. . The bare-headed saint sits on a bow and holds a cross staff in each hand ; The seated, bare-headed saint keeps up the a sword in his right hand and a sword in his left Journal of Numismatics, XV, 13 15 30 50 on 8% 25% 44

194 Menadier: Ball cross stick. A shilling weighed 8.90 grams gweiter 8,10.Gr.. ... . - NN en 7 RUNG oL, ec) Bracteates secular oran} 25. The standing bare-headed (Askan?) count holds a shield and a ball cross staff on both sides. It is surrounded by a narrow inner hoop that runs through the feet is interrupted eh Mn 26. Indeterminate fragments Thuringian - Meissen Bracteates d) Brandenburg Tedhne: 27. Weidhas IV, 6 28. Weidhas IV, 15 . 29. Weidhas IV, 14 . 30. Weidhas V, 9 . VII. The second denarius find from Arnswalde. 1 “A” Last year a second denarius was found in Arnswalde find was made, which is indeed quite similar to the first is, but may still be listed below. The The inventory presented to the Royal Mint Cabinet was: Wizlav II of Rügen. 1260—1303. 1. Griffin head to the left. — Lion jumping to the left. Submission Dbg., Pomerania's coins in the Middle Ages Ill, 60. 2, lion jumping to the left (like Dbg., P. M. III, 61) — Griffin head to the left. Pomerania. Barnim. 3, Reach to the left - double line cross in the quatrefoil. Casimir VI of Pomerania-Stettin. 1413—1434. 4, Reach left. — Q (from Dbg., P. M. II, 39) . 40 pieces

10. IU, 12. 13. 14. 15. 16, 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. Reach left. ——- Q with a dot ! Reach left. — Q with a dot inside and a second on the right i \ Reach left. — Q with a slanted cross Reach left. — Q with a five-pointed star Reach left. — (d with a six-pointed star 2 from Pomerania-Wolgast. Reach left. — B (published magazine for Num. V. Far IV, 10) Colbereg. Two crossed bishop's crescents on both sides . \ On both sides two crossed bishop's crosiers with one Clover cross in the lower corner of the same . On both sides two crossed bishop's crosiers with one Point in the upper part of the lower angle . On both sides two crossed 'bishop's crosiers with one Point in the lower part of the lower angle . On both sides two crossed bishop's crosiers with one point at each of the four angles. One-sided embossing with two crossed bishop's croziers. Cöslin. Head of John the Baptist. — Z between two points Head of John the Baptist. — Z between two rings Head of John the Baptist. — Z between two obliques Cross . Garz. The nettle leaf on both sides Gollnow. Reach left. — Two crescents of four stars surrounded, (pictured magazine. f£. Number VI, Plate II, 6) . Reach left. —G.C. R.E 13* 4 6 15 Bogislaus IX (1418-1450) or Barnim VII (1405-1449) 195 18.86. ”

196 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 39. 36. 37. Menadier: Pasewalk. Reach left. — Vogelklaue (illustrated magazine f. Num, V, Dat, IV, 29) “usa 8 Stargard. Reach left. — Six-pointed star with one point in the middle \ BEL Reach left. — nelleinahlier tn Koi one point and a ringlet in the middle HE Reach left. — Six-pointed star with one Period and a ringlet in the middle and two Points sideways . Szczecin. Reach left. — Crowned griffin head to the left One-sided embossing with a crowned griffin head according to Ainks . . - . - - IT Stolp. Reach left. — One indicated by three wavy lines pointed foot . . » .» +... T'reptow a. d. Rega. Reach to the right. — Shamrock with two points to the side of the stem . . a . One-sided embossing with one Klecblatt nt two Points on the side of the stem . . Usedom. Reach left. — Helmet decorated with five peacocks feathers with round nn RER SE and Reach left. —— Helm bar N five alex Reach left. — Helmet decorated with five simple ones Beden 000. ee ; Reach left. — Helmet with ee Wolgast. Reach left. — Cross . ...: ev... Reach left. — Broad cross with overlying EN ES EDEN dal we . 30 51 1 There

38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44, 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. Reach left. — Broad cross with overlying Circles, in the middle of which is a point... . . . ...... Reach left. — A circle with a point in the middle and four ovals with slanted lines at the Berplekee. Wollin Reach left. — Half star and half lily juxtaposed (illustrated Z. f. N. VI, plate I, 31) Indefinite. One-sided embossing with a grip to the left . Mecklenburg. Bull head in front view. — Reach left . . Altstargard. Crowned bull's head. — Large six-pointed star with a small one in the middle (pictured magazine f. Sum, W Bab VE. 90)... 0.0.00 en Half bull's head with half a star to the right. — Crescent and star (illustrated Z.f. N.V, plate IV, 51) Brandenburg. Elector Friedrich I, 1414-1440. Eagle. — Helmet after left (illustrated Z. f£. N. V, ParaN, ma... LT ENG BR One-sided embossing with the eagle Silesia. Wroclaw. Head of John the Baptist with a St. Andrew's cross left in the field. — The Silesian Eagle. . .. . WW. — The Silesian Eagle. . ..... Glogau. @. — The Silesian Eagle . . 2.2... 11

198 1; 2. eo o@ 14, 12. 13. 14. 15. Menadier: IX. The bracteate find from Wünstorf. One made in Wünstorf in the spring of the current year Bracteate find, which was donated by the finders to the Royal Museum was presented, contained: Frankfurt Helmpfemige . . . .. u TBB, Brandenburg eagle pennies, Nile with smooth, partly with ripened edges. . . .... . . around 800 Stendaler Bruttew@ten: ''. 92 to DEE DRPIIBDS Moritzpfemige. . . . . ever Schildbraeteat of the Archbishop. from n Mag castle (1464—1475) . ouch 2 Anhaltinian Kructestieu with the half eagle An the crossbar 3 Goslar Arnekopf 1 Nordhauser Adlerbractate 1 Jena bracteates with two grapes 3 Bracteate with a $R inside one Ready. edge, maybe to Münsterberg belonging. dTaE NL 81). ..,.:03 102004 ed Bracteate with a Z within an is est band, more indefinite: origin. (Plate VL:32) 4 .. “031 Bracteate with the bust portrait one Saints with a bishop's crosier.e According to the factory, this is same completely the Halberstadter Stephans pennies. Alone the bishop's crook prohibits yes probably in the saint Stephen to recognize. Shouldn't there be a Quedlinburger ser- vice here? vatiuspfennig available? (Plate VL, 30) . ........01 Electoral Saxon bowl pennies with one “Lions . 2 Meissen drosıhan > Markish pennies. . . lb eihalsslda BE 2596 E

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 199 X Märkish gold guilder finds. Recently there have been three gold guilders in the Mark Brandenburg finds raised. The most important of these was on December 12th. 1886 in the old parish building in Grünefeld in the Nauen district made and included the following gold guilders and groschen: T D 6. 10. Frankfurt am Main, Frederick II. With the Weinsberger Heraldic shields between the feet of the saint. John (4 p.) Nördlingen, Friedrich III. With the Weinsberg coat of arms shields between the feet of St. John. . Höchst, Konrad III Rhinegrave, Archbishop of Mainz. Bishop above the escutcheon; Abbey coat of arms in the Romanesque trefoil. Adolf II of Nassau, Archbishop of Mainz. MDOLF' ELC' ET CORFM. The enthroned Savior above the Nassau coat of arms - shield; PFMONERNOVTAMVRERAMAGVR. Flower cross with four coats of arms. Berthold von Henneberg, Archbishop of Mainz. MONE ROV TV «RE 1494. The enthroned Savior above the monastery coat of arms; - BERTOLD TR - - EPI-MO Gothic trefoil with the ore Episcopal coat of arms in the middle and three shields in the Tips. Schwabach, Albrecht Achilles, Margrave of Brandenburg (3 p.) Frederick I of Brandenburg-Ansbach. Schwabacher gold guilders without year designation (2 pcs.); from 1509 (1 p.) Leipzig, Albert the Brave of Saxony. Sigismund, Archduke of Austria, Count of Tyrol. (2 pcs.) Conrad II, Count of Ritberg, Bishop of Münster. CO’RAD’-€ PS’. MORTW Saint Paul in half figure above Monastery sign under a canopy. «MO'ANO%A ATVR'A MO NRTSTEA Gothic trefoil with the Ritberger eagle shield in the middle, the monastery coat of arms of Münster and Osnabrück in the side and two dragons in the bottom Lace.

Menadier; . Lübeck, Frederick III. With the lion shield between them Feet of St. John. . Hamburg, Frederick II. . Groningen, Frederick II. MONEKATVRE GRONVGES 88. John the Baptist with an @ between the feet. T FREDRIC %& ROMMRORW %& IMPE. Imperial orb in Trefoil. . Zwolle, Frederick III The archangel in battle with the devil. Imperial orb in a trefoil. . Frederick, Margrave from Brandenburg. Brandenburg Dimes. Eagle shield and four-holy heraldic shield. (16 pcs.) . Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg. Eagle. Cross with four coats of arms in the angles. (2 pcs.) . Frederick, Margrave from Brandenburg. Rathenower Gro- schen. (2 pcs.) . Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg. Havelberger Gro- schen. (3 pcs.) . Frederick, Albrecht and John of Saxony. Course sign in Dreipass, Landsberg shield in the Dreipass. (5 pcs.) . Frederick, Albrecht and John of Saxony. Helmeted Diamond shield, helmeted course shield. (4 pcs.) . Frederick, John and George of Saxony. Angel penny (3 pcs.) . Frederick, John and George of Saxony. Helmeted Diamond shield, helmeted spa shield (6 pcs.) . Goslar, Matthiasgroschen. (11 p.) . Goslar, farmer's penny. (4 pcs.) . Lübeck, Schilling. A second to lay guards made and from that Royal District Council Office there the Märkisches Provincial museum in Berlin delivered find contained gold guilders des King Sigismund from Basel, King Friedrich III from Northern Lingen and Frankfurt am Main, the cities of Hamburg and Lüne- Castle (2 hours) from the time of Frederick III, Archduke Sigis- mouth of Tyrol, Archbishop Dietrich of Mainz (2 p.), des

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 201 Archbishop Hermann of Cologne, minted in Bonn (3 pieces), the City of Cologne, Duke Wilhelm of Jülich, minted at Mühlheim, of Margrave Albrecht of Brandenburg, minted in Schwabach (6 p.), the Margraves Friedrich and Sigismund', also too Schwabach shaped and also three Körtlings in the city Göttingen from 1490. A third gold guilder find is finally said to have been discovered in zu@Güstow but I don't have any more detailed information about it. Menadier.

The coins of the 0th Clodius Vestalis. —_ Well known is the one in gold and Silver existing Stamp on the front next to the head of Flora inscription C - CLODIVS -C -F, on the back next to one seated woman with the offering bowl in her hand the inscription VESTALIS shows'). As far as I know, the latter is common as an explanatory caption to the one next to it Image was taken, although the question was probably justified whether, if such was intended, it would not be appropriate or rather been necessary would be the one meant to refer to a person by their name. Now this over- Laying made superfluous by the following recently on the Site of the ancient Forum Clodii, in southern Etruria, not far Inscription found by today's Bracciano?): C. CLODIO -C - F - VESTALI PRO - COS CLAVDIENSES - EX - PRAEFECTVRA CLAVDIA-VRBANI PATRONO 1) Babelon monn. de la röp. Rome. I p. 354. 2) Published is her from G Gatti bullettino della commissione archeologica comunale di Roma 1887 p. 105. The ones in the same place earlier Found inscription (Fiorelli not. degli scavi 1882 p. 266): [C. Olodio C. f. Vestali | proleos | . [Clodiu]s ©. f- Vestalis f. | [x]vir sil. wud. m. » seems therefore- to be appointed to the same man by his son.

Th. Mommsen: The Coins of C, Clodius Vestalis, 203 So it's Vestalis this also happens several times as men lich cognomen occurs '), the nickname of this mint master been; and it is still highly likely, that the coins and the inscription belong to the same personality belong. The strangeness both demands a short one Er- clarification. About the era these gold and silver coins knew man so far nothing more specific, than that after death Caesar's must be defeated; because the not particularly rare one Denarius is in none the older one Treasures found been. But the reasonable assumption that these in time immediately cash coined after the death of the dictator, diminishes the meanwhile found Appreciate not more hold. That the gold treasure buried in 713 from Cajazzo these Aureus did not have, despite the not particularly rare meaning of the same and despite the size of the treasure, be a coincidence. But the denarius was also missing from the treasures of Vigatto') and Pieve Quinta'), which up to J.7 11, in that of Peceioli'), the until 713, and in those of Garlasco near Pavia') and Carbonara°) near Bari, the until 717 d. St. reach down. If the little treasure of Garlasco, of which only 400 pieces have been recorded, for alibi evidence not enough, like that suffice for that completely the at Carbonara found 3906 denarii; both treasures are evident into the earth 1)C. IL. IV, 202. X, 2133. 6376. 6713. XIV, 1520. 3003. Rare female: C, I. L. IX, 2253. 2) In this magazine 2, 63. 3) In this magazine 10,,% 4) In this magazine 21.08, 5) Meeting reports the Berlin Academy 1883, 1161. The youngest The stamp of this treasure is the youngest one in Oarbonara (note 6). 6) G. de Petra in Fiorelli's Note degli scavi 1884 p. 310, which means the insightful remarks by the same scholar in Comparetti's Museo Italiano 1, 345fg. to connect are. Only the youngest in one copy kicked stamps this one treasure is the coin imp. Caesar divi f. III vir ter. r. p» C. cos, iter, et ter. desig., with the temple divo Perm. (Eckhel 6, 74),

204 Th. Mommsen: come, than the whole of Italy by the Sicilian corsairs Sextus Pompey was afflicted, and at that time was this one Stamp not yet available. So that’s mine earlier’) assumed togetherness this denarius with those of the M. Arrius Secundus, ©. Numonius Vaala and L. Servius Rufus at the same time refuted; because the two first very rare Stamps were represented in the treasure of Carbonara?) and the third no less rare will only out this reason were missing in it. — Can therefore be the coinage of C. Clodius Vestalis cannot be set before 717, SO the same will be neither can be set after 738 allowed. The coin finds fail from 717 onwards; not even through the actual war The shattered calm state of Italy does not lead to the expectation that that in the future something like that will come to light. But how exceptional this character always is is, so can her yes impossible later fall as the quitting the sena- toric gold embossing and their monopolization through the Emperor. So the coinage must either be in the later years of the Triumvirate or in the earlier ones of the Augustan monarchy are set, then it stands so completely in the designated epoch alone and is political so strange, that without the find from Carbonara this position never would have Endorsement find can. The quite numerous mint masters out of the time from 717 to 738 probably also have in a similar way at the same time minted in gold and silver; but they consistently lead it Quattuorvir or the triumvir title and nowhere missing the monarchical Brand in header or inscription or in both. Clodius Vestalis, however, does not state what office he holds has struck his coins, and they are without any mo- narchical criterion. 1) R.M.W.S. 659. 741. 2) The denarius of Q. Voconius Vitulus was also found here, and it This is the same as that of Ti. Sempronius, which cannot easily be separated from it Gracchus also defeated before 717.

The Coins of C, Clodius Vestalis. 205 No explanation, but perhaps a corresponding error regularity is the inscribed title with the simple pro- cos. I don't know of a really appropriate analogy for this either. That an Italian one City the governor a province with this one not concerned with them Title referred to alone, is yes possible, but at least very noticeable. That Vestalis as a pro- consul functioned in Etruria, is in the usual course of Things are even less conceivable; as an exception, of course In the early days of the Principate, many things of this kind may have been be coming. The later Consul of J. 739 L. Piso is at Suetonius') mentioned as Proconsul of the Transpadana; maybe is this one ours officials similar and at the same time. We must, it seems, for now numismatic as well as epigra- phically limit it to the question; maybe there will be one day another find or lucky combination provides the insight. The execution is about the personality of the mint master Borghesis?), which has been followed so far, is replaced by the changed one Name and time determination eliminated. Even the combination hang of the same with the patrician family of Claudii thereby called into question; the cognomen Vestalis has, of course the representation of the back is conditional, but that the Clodii Vestales got this name with the Quinta Claudia in mind have settled is nothing less than certain. It is safer, that the mint master C. Clodius was related to the Forum Clodii, whose townspeople bought a statue of him and without question at the same time as this market town created via Clodia. But the assumption that he himself has this The path that has been created contradicts both the properties of those locality as praefeetura'), since these courts are all 1) de ill. rhet, 6. Cf. my Constitutional Law 2, 229. 2) Opp. 2, 178fg. He thought of M. Brutus C.'s subordinate general. Clodius (Dio 47, 24; cf. Appian b.c. 5, 2 and Drumann 2, 388). 3) Except the inscription Pliny confirms this n. h. 3, 5, 52 under the beginning with p Place names the 7th region: Praefeetura Claudia Foro Olodi.

206 Th. Mommsen: The coins of C. Clodius Vestalis. was set up before the Allied War are’), like also the era; that under the Triumvirate or the Prineipat an Italic highway and an Italic town the name accepted by a private person have is supposed to be, is not very credible?). On the other hand, nothing stands in the way of the assumption that the coin master a descendant of that Republican official been be which one which is unknown in its origins Clodische Strasse and the associated market town were created has; It is normal that he then obtains patronage through this and that it was passed on to its descent. 1) The praefecturae received city rights at that time instead of the praefecti municipal officials; But the old name remained for quite some time. 2) The Forum Vibii Caburrum in the Scottish Alps (C. I. L. V p. 825) However, it is probably analogous, but older. Th. Mommsen. T a

Mithradates Philopator Philadelphus. In 1877 v. Sallet in this magazine!) a Tetradrachmon of the Pontic royal family known after back then only example from the Berlin museum that we have here repeat. > M m 5 A : [> Ike 6 \\ Since then are three others appeared, from which Theodor Reinach recently published in Paris?). On the obverse the coin shows the image of the king, bearded loose on the Paris copy, with slight jowling and purring beard on the Berliner, with the bandage around his head; the back page “the one Perseus, the progenitor the Achaemenid “Kings, standing, from the front, in the right hand the head of Medusa, "in the left the harp; above the Achaemenid symbol, lunar “Sickle and Sun” (Sallet). — The inscription is BaoıA&w Mı9gadarov yılorıarogos xa Yıladeıyov; the Paris example plar also has an indistinct monogram, that from the Letters MA=Z formed to seems to be. Calls a king of that name the literary translation delivery not. “The portrait,” says Sallet, “of excellent 1) 4, 232. 2) Th. Reinach, Revue numismatique 1887 p. 97.

208 Th. Mommsen: “beautiful execution like the well-known Mithradates the fourth “Coins attributed to Waddington and the Pharnaces “of the first, has a decided family resemblance to the heads “of these two princes.... The Perseus on the back has in “Style and attitude unmistakably similar to the pantheon” “stical figure on the coins of Pharnakes the first, and one “could be in the accumulation of epithets for our new Mithra- “that any sign of later expression can be recognized at all; still “Pharnaces I is satisfied deal with the mere title of king.” He She is then inclined towards the son of Pharnakes I, Mithradates hr the father of Eupator to give. However, this is against the fact that the nickname Euergetes is due to credibility testimonials!) and even through certificates’) on the best is secured; but the striking fact that the coins this Mithradates are missing, while his father is like his grandfather represented numismatically like his son are, read about this Overlook concerns. Sallet's attribution is by the Numis- maticians generally accepted, in Imhoof's beautiful composition Position of the coin portraits this portrait than that of the father of Eupator, while of course of historical importance Because of the difference in names, there are other combinations nations tried). 1) Strabo 10, 4, 10 p. 477 reports in detail about the end of the Mithradates Euergetes and closes: dwsiv de övrwv viwv tov Evsoy£rov dıisdekato ryv Bacılsiev MıYygidarns 6 eo0ayogevdeis Eunorwoe. Likewise distinguishes Appian Mithr. 10 the father as 6 Evsgy&rns Entxinow from the Son of Avvoos xal Eunatwo. 2) C.I. Gr. 2276: Baoılo sMisgaddrov Evsoytrov. — But in the second Delian inscription that. 2273 a is the name of Euergetes by interpolation came. It reads in the copy of Cyriacus (Bull. de Corr. Hell. 1, 86): Baoılus Mı9guddrov Eurarogos zei death ddelpod aurod Midguddrov Xonorov Auvvoros Newvios "Adnvaiog yuuvasınoyyoas dvednxev, while Spon, after to which Böckh repeated it, between Eön«rogos and Aıovvoros read EYTYX . TOY MIOPASATOY EYEPTETOY. That the first reading is the right one is proven by the recently found stone listed on page 196 note 3. 3) Ed. Meyer, business of Pontus (1879) p. 55, would like the Philopator between the grandfather and the father of Mithradates in the royal line turn on.

Mithradates Philopator Philadelphus. 209 Recently is in Rome a stone inscription appeared come’), which come from Th. Reinach without a doubt with full was rightly settled by the same king. It reads supplemented): I. [Rex Metradates Pilopator et Pilladelpus, regus Metradati f. [poplum Romanum amicitiai e]t societatis ergo, quae iam [inter ipsum et Romanos? optinlet?). Legatei coiraverunt [Nemanes Nemanei f. et ? Ma]hes Mahei £. 5 [Beoılsvs Midoadaung DiAjorerwg za DiAadeAypos [voV BaoılEms Mi9gadar]ov Tov dijuov cov = c 4 2 \ ' > w [zöv Poueiov gihov zei] Ovuuaxov avvoo [sdvoias zei Evsgysolag] Evsxev vis sic adrov, [nosoßsvoavıwv ? Nauw]e&vovs zoo Neınavovs’) 10 [? Meov rov Miov] But you won't agree with the French scholar on this. can occur that the Roman stone inscription Sallets conjecture in this respect confirm, as, according to Appian, King Mithra dates V., the father of Eupator, first with the Romans contract has been entered into and therefore the amount on the coin and the in- Mithradates named in the writings, since he is not Eupator, has no other who could be as his father. Rather, Sallet's approach assumption refuted by the stone inscription, as the father of the fifth Mithradates his predecessor Pharnaces I was °), therefore- after the Philopator the stone script, because he himself son des King Mithradates calls, not have been Mithradates Y can. Above all, however, the establishment of the Roman monument 1) Published by Gatti bull. della comm. arch. munie. di Roma 1886 p. 403 and Note degli scavi 1886 p- 452. 1887 p. 110. 2) When calculating any missing letters, please note that: the first line certainly jumped out. 3) Reinach's addition guae iam [ante facta est] . . . et legatei is inadmissible; the copula at this point is impossible and certainly the end of a time in words. What I have put is very uncertain in its version, but it is accurate probably roughly the meaning. 4) The general of Mithradates, the Appian Mithr. 19 Neudvns 6 'Aguvios, which is called Myvogdvns by Memnon 31, becomes Nasucvns have been called. 5) Justin 38, 6, 2. Journal for Numismatics XV, 14

210 Th. Mommsen: once sure chronologically fix and falls for forty years after the death of Euergetes. Although already the Roman one Editor had pointed out that this dedication to belongs to a group that has long been known, Reinach has to keep them together with the associated ones and is there- through to incorrect results reached. Since the question for Numismatist from interest and the information in question is Some of the writings are not easily accessible superfluous be also the rest this one row relatives Dedications to be presented here. II. Notes of the scavi 1887 p. 110. ‘Oo dlnwos] 6 Aßnvav yiA|os]zer ovuuaxXos Po[uei]ov The first half of this inscription is on the same block with that of Philopator, to the right this one. On the Block, who carries the second half, stands next to the beginnings two Final lines, which Gatti with the following block (III). line endings as follows vVer- unites, although of course it is precisely this togetherness cannot be proven in both fragments: S empty line PC \ PC N IH. CL size 58831. CI L. I 581. VI, 374. Populus Laodicensis af Lyco populum Romanum, quei sibei Salutei fuit, benefici ergo, quae sibei benign fecit ‘Oo Önuos 6 Acodızdav Tav 71006 zo Abzwı Töv Ömuov Tov Pouciwv ysyovora Ea|vror] owriga xal evsgy&rnv

Mithradates Philopator Philadelphus. 211 Ggsvis Evexsv zul edvoileg] ING Ice Cream Eaviov, In the margin on the left are the remains listed under II. IN. ©. 1.1] 588. VL 308, Populus Ephesius [populum Romanum] salutis ergo quod o[ptinuit maiorum] saouom physical activity I... Legatei Heraclitus Hi.....[£] Democrates Dem]...£.] V. The upper one Latin half in very recent times found as a threshold installed in the palace Ludovisi and me by Copied and copied to Mr. Gatti; the lower one Greek C.I. Gr. 5882 = C.I.L.I p. 169 is lost. The togetherness both parts is probably, but not necessarily safe. u N [populum Rjomanum cognatum amicum soeiu[m] Jiaei') beneficique erga Lucios in co- mu[ne.] [H noAıs 7] ...iov sösgysındeica 1a ueyıora And Toü Önuov [vod "Poueiov gyihjov Övrosg to ovuuaxov xaoıo moi A Karnsıo [million . ..... nrgsloßsvoavrınv Baxxiov vod Aayurıoiov 22... [700 Aılovvoiov, Deadgov rov Havoaviov. 1) The stone has {I (or H, hardly N)AEI; find an addition I don't. The dedication can only come from one of the cities of Lycia; that one of them is famous for its kinship with the Romans As far as I know, it has not been passed down, but the mythical combination The Lycians and the Trojans are probably sufficient for this. According to the Dio- genes Laertios 8, 4, 80 reported tradition are the inhabitants of Myra Laomedon immigrated Trojans. But neither this one nor any other one Iykian city names can be followed by the preserved ending without violence adjust. The name of the donating community also fit here not well, perhaps stood a formula like [dationis causa agri] ... iaei. What to expect: [honoris causa erga se et benevolent]iae beneficique erga Lucios in comu[ne] is not written on the stone. 14*

212 Th. Mommsen: v1. C. I Gr. 5880. 0, L!L. 5589. 9, 372, [Ab co]muni restitutei in maiorum leibert[atem] [Lucei] Roma(m) Iovei Capitolino et poplo Romano vfirtutis] benivolentiae benefieique causa erga Lucios ab comu|[ni.] Avxiov 16 x0ı0V xoulodwevov Tmy TaTgıov Ömuo- xooriev ı7v “Poumv Au Kansıwlioı zei ar Ommwı volı] c 2 > o a \ > , \ > 4 Powoiwv G&oSUnS EVeXev Kb EUVOLRG KL EVEOYEOLAG us ice cream 10 xoıwov av Avxiwv VII. Notes on scavi 1887 p. 16. 112. Bull.com. 1887 p. 14. 124. Mith. of the German Institute 1887 p. 59. 146. [Rjex Ariob[arzanes] et regina [Athenais] VIII. Notes of the Scavi 1887 p. 110. @L 4 The togetherness of these blocks is partly apparent from the place of discovery, partly from their measure. Of the two Inscriptions II. IV is the location not more precise known and Va found obstructed; from the remaining are vb. VI in sixteenth century on dem Capitol Square off- wrote, I--II. VII. VIII in the Piazza della Consolazione immediately under dem Capitol found been. There two of the same (V. VI) describe themselves as the Capitoline Offered to Jupiter, everyone will undoubtedly be in this one Temple been set up. This in itself wouldn't matter much point out, since there were a large number of similar dedications there must have; The dimensions are more important. The width of the Stones are unequal, the height, apart from the lost ones (vb. VI) and fragmented (Va. VII) are exactly the same at 0.58 m. Common to all surviving pieces (I+II. II. IV. Va. VII) and a sure sign of their togetherness is a pre- jumping bar of 13 cents. Height at the top. Several of the blocks (I+II. II) carry or carried two next to each other posed inscriptions. Apparently they formed the communal one

Mithradates Philopator Philadelphus. 213 base a row from Statues the Roma, each of which Jupiter de- was dead; the similar phrases everywhere confirm what the external moments result. The writing is uniform beautiful and deep; just the stone of Ariobarzanes shows something younger forms. Ze Iettere, writes me Gatti, non sono profonde, tozze e quadrate, come in quella del Metradati f., che di piü ha also i punti quadrati. Non & una diferenza di grandissimo tempo, ma certo & sensibile la posteriorita dell’ Ario barzanes al Metradati f. " That these dedications were made by the first mithraatic war caused, I have already stated before, when only half of it (III. IV. Vb. VI) was known'); the Later discoveries merely confirmed this. writing and language agree completely. The Lycians (V. VI) received in a row this war of Sulla's freedom?). The two cities, Laodi Keia in Phrygia (IIT), which delivered Oppius to Mithradates had, and Ephesus (IV), the main site of the mass murder of the Romans, had more than any other reason for the grace of to be grateful to the winner®). The previously unsuccessfully searched for "4ßvoi are probably the mysical “4ßß«ustzeı, which also appear in the Diana Temple of Aricia related to the Mithradic War Acknowledgments set up’). King Ariobarzanes) is be- obviously after the extinction of the Ariarathes dynasty by Sulla MOSEL 89,170. 2) Appian Mithr. 61. 3) The strange decree the Ephesian, in which they are from Mithradates broke away and “always remained loyal to the Romans”. also recently found (Lebas-Waddington n. 1368). 4) C.I.L. XIV, 2218: ©. Sallwio CO. f. Nasoni leg. per pr. Mysei Ab[dlaitue et Epici[etels quod eos bello Mithrida|tils conservavite, virtutis ergo (same thing follows Greek. On coins (Mionnet 2, 512. 8. 6, 434) and Inscriptions (C. I. Gr. 3849) they are called Mvooi 'Aßßeiraı or Appßasizaı, Aßasireı in Strabo 13, 4, 4 p. 625 cf. 12, 8, 11 p. 576. That the ethnics on -nvoi are primarily at home in Mysia, notes Köhler (in Gatti). 5) His wife, Queen Athenais Philostorgos, is known from the Athenian inscriptions C. I. Att. III, 541. 542.

914 Th. Mommsen: on the throne set by Cappadocia, used by Mithradates drove and through the peace of Dardanus into his dominion shaft has been reinserted. It is also his christening gift only added later, So this isn't much happen later and it always belongs in the same series. So This series of dedications is set up after the definitive Sulla's victories in 672 d. St. Sulla took over the reins construction of the temple, which had recently been destroyed by fire, and led it him until his death'); those preferred by the princes and cities The row of statues dedicated to the temple was dedicated to him at that time have been dedicated. But if this is so, the King Philo- pator did not rule over the Pontus. That Mithra dates Eupator took part in such a dedication would be conceivable in itself; but the epithets exclude him indefinitely thing out. So it must be because the inscription and the coin are each other not from let each other separate and since the latter is eye- apparently belonged to the Pontic dynasty, this Mithradates about one with the Pontic kingdom in close connection standing but independent territory. In the You shouldn't look for this in the more distant East), as this is neither was also involved in the first Mithradic war In this epoch a Pontic secundogeniture was appropriately indicated there. can be taken. Among the landscapes of the West are the circumstances of most people are known so far, that it doesn't it is necessary to stay with them. The only exception is Pahla gonias; and it seems necessary that about this landscape present news to examine this question. 1) Jordan, Roman. Top. I, 2, 21. j 2) It is therefore superfluous with the names of the same name encountered here to linger with kings. The (still, it seems, only in the de- fecten Berliner copy known) copper coin with the inscription BAZINE... MIOPIAA... BIAO.... (Eckhel 3, 206) held Friedländer (in this Ztschr. 4, 272) for Cappadocian, Blau (the same 7, 37) for minted from the son Ariarathes V mentioned in Diodorus 31, 19, 7, who was king also called himself Ariarathes (VI).

Mithradates Philopator Philadelphus. 215 It has to regarding the power relations Pahla goniens differentiated become between the coast and that Inland. This has belonged to the Pontic king since ancient times rich. Here on Mount Olgassys was the ancestral home of Mithra dates Ktistes'). The knowledgeable Strabo calculates the entire paphla Gonian coast to Amastris just like some lines of the internal land to Eupator's hereditary property?). This will be done accordingly the Bithynian attack on Amastris as an idea into the pon- table area referred to’). Still after the catastrophe des Mithradates the procedure was followed. Pompey took that coast for the new Pontic province, while in the inland country reinstates the local dynasty'). The Kingdom of Paphlagonia, whose relations with the Romans to Mithradates is more often thought of, is the inland one area °), since ancient times in the possession of the Pylaemenid dynasty'). This went out, at least according to Pontic information, already during Mithradates' lifetime V. (F 121 v. BC, 633 d. St.) and the country fell by inheritance on him’). His Son Eupator shared Paphlagonia with King Nicomedes of Bithynia and sat yourself by force of arms in possession of his share°). When the Romans intervened and both kings prompted Paphlagonia to clear, drew Mithradates his 1) Strabo 12, 3, 41 p. 562. 2) Strabo 12, 3, 1 p. 540: eiye zjs vrös Akvos ra wiygı Aucorgews xal zıwov is Haglayovios ueoWv, ng008xTn00T0 d’ ovros zul zmv wiygs Hooxksias nagakiav. C. 9 p. 544. 3) Appian Mithr. 11. 12. 4) Strabo a. a. O. 5) Strabo (A. 2) also needs Paphlagonia with the exclusion of the Pontic coastal area; and only in this sense are the historical rican reports are understandable. 6) According to Justinus 37 a. E is Pylaemenes Paphlagonum regum noun. 0108: 5, 10,.2. 7) Justin 37, 4, 5. 38, 5, 4: cum Paphlagonia se decedere wusserint . .. . quae non vi, non armis, sed, adoptione testamenti et regum domesticorum interitu patri suo obvenisset. 38, 7, 10. 8) Justin 37, 4, 3.

216 Th. Mommsen: Troops out'), while Nicomedes apparently also himself added, in fact the country as the legitimate ruler handed over to a Pylaemenes, who in reality one the were supposed to have been sons of Nicomedes?). Then the Romans In 662 Mithradates was expelled from Cappadocia and there When they installed Ariobarzanes as king, they held the king at the same time Nicomedes in Paphlagonia! to evacuate) and declared the country free'). However, this does not seem to have been carried out be. Because a few years later Mithradates against the Romans took up arms, Paphlagonia is not only among the land- called companies, whose squad the Romans initially deprived him of. opposites’), but he had it to Nicomedes and the false Pylaemenes. When then at the peace Negotiations Sulla proposed to the king all his conquests to issue, wanted he knows except Paphlagonia'), apparently because he viewed this landscape as belonging to his inheritance associated. However he finally gave in on this too°) and So the Peace of Dardanus came about in 670. That Paphlagonia initially remained under the control of the Romans confirmed that it was with Bithynia, Cappadocia and Galatia among 1) Justin 38, 5, 61: non Phrygiam Paphlagoniamque dimissas? 2) Justin 37 prol. and 37, 4. Probably depends on these Succession trading that of the kings, it seems in J. 651 d. St, v. A bribery attempt made in Rome in 103 BC (R. G. 2, 275; E. Meyer a. a. O. 8. 92). 3) Justinus 38, 2, 6: senatus studio regum intellecto aliena regna falsis no- minibus furamtium, Mithridati Cappadociam et Nicomedi ad solacia eius Pahla goniam ademit. 4) Justin a. a. O. 5) Appian Mithr. 17. 6) Eutropius 5, 5 (from which Orosius 6, 2, 2): mox etiam Bitlnmiam invasit et Paphlagoniam pulsis ex ea regibus amicis populo Romano Pylaemene et Nicomede. Appian Mithr. 21: Mayvnoı de zai Hapkayocı za Avsioıs the TWv orgarn- yav &moltusı. c. 58. 112. 113. Meyer (loc. cit. 0. 8.95) incorrectly leaves the Clear Bithyner Paphlagonia. 7) Appian Mithr. 56. 8) Among the ceded landscapes, Paphlagonia expressly mentions lich Plutarch (Sull. 22) and Licinianus (p. 35 Bonn.)

Mithradates Philopator Philadelphus. 2317 the areas that Sertorius gave to King Mithra dates ceded'). About the power relations there rend the last reign Mithradas will downright nothing reported; but that the landscape lastly the pon- If the king had obeyed, it can be concluded that after Pompey's defeat of the Pylaemenid Attalos - perhaps the descendants of that supposed Bithynian prince — made him prince of Paphlagonia again?), which then followed the extinction of this house by Augustus and used Province of Galatia was defeated N; Mithradates Eupator kept Paphlagonia in 670 not; like Sulla about We learn that the principality ruled not. Well but appears under the one soon afterwards in Rome to pay their thanks Asia Minor Princes a king Mithradates Philopator Philadelphus, one of King Mithradates Son, certainly belonging to the Pontic royal family and also certainly not King of Pontus. There is no other way out than to recognize in him a Pontic prince, to whom Sulla, insofar as the inheritance claim the dynasty on the landscape Taking into account, Paphlagonia as a separate kingdom let. This seems to meet all requirements on both sides corresponded. Another question is whether the personality get stuck- will be placed. The Pontic king Mithradates, from whom An adult son was alive in 670 can only be determined neither be Euergetes nor Eupator. He left behind two sons 1) Appian Mithr. 68; cf. Plutarch Sertor. 23. 2) According to Strabo 12, 3, 2 p. In 541 Pompey gave the Paphlagonian Bin- nenland to the Pylaemenids (rois and Hv)cıusvovs). Appian Mithr. 114: (Pompey) dnoisı dE zai rergdoyas . . . Hegkayovias de “Arralov. Eutropius 6, 14: Attalo et Pylaemeni Paphlagoniam reddidit. One of these princes was found in the civil war in the camp of Pompey (Appian b. c. 2, TI) and King Philadelphus must be in this house of Paphlagonia belong, the one just before the battle from Actium passed from Antony to Caesar (Plutarch Ant. 61; Dio 51, 13), 3) Strabo a. a. O.

218 Th. Mommsen: (8. 187 A. 1); All we know about the younger one is that he was Mithradates Chrestos') and that he was killed at his brother's behest ward’). The various epithets that freely speak against him speak lich changed when he was elevated to royal dignity can; furthermore that after the connection in which his death occurred Memnon mentions that this catastrophe seems to have fallen sooner; finally that the portrait of excellent workmanship the head of one man in his mid-twenties, while Chrestos, if he experienced the Peace of Dardanus, about that time must have been twice as old. Not the same concerns raise against the second assumption. One of the same name Son of Eupator already played in the battles with Fimbria a role and was then later at the father's behest - if eliminated?). There seems to be nothing standing in the way of acceptance represent him or one of his brothers as the Philopator Phila- delphus and the king of Paphlagonia. The portrait, which may well fall ten years later than peace from Dardanus, fits quite well for the son of someone in the year 131 v. BC = 623 d. St. born father. Strange, but after Given the state of things, it is completely understandable that Sulla is the one Refusal of his opponent to give up Paphlagonia at least yielded in so far as he granted to the son what he had granted to the father rejected. I would like to add that Mr. v. Sallet, dem I subsequently submitted this argument can, based on style and character, declare the coin to be older than it is placed here. “The coin,” he notes, “stands between 1) Except for the Delian inscription cited 8. 187 note 2, according to which correct reading, gives the name of another on the same island recently found (Bull. de Corr. Hell. 6, 343): Au Ovgiws üneo Baoı[kws] Mi9gade- Tov Eundropog zul Tod adslpod wurov Midoadarov Xonorod xaL Tav noayua - TWv avıWv. 3) Appian Mithr. 112, Memnon c. 30. Neither the name nor the The cause of the crime will be reported. 3) Memnon c, 74; Appian Mithr. 64.

Mithradates Philopator Philadelphus. 219 “Pharnaces and Mithradates Eupator, apparently closer to the older one “Series of Pontic tetradrachms by Mithradates IV and “Pharnaces I as the long series of coins of Mithradates VI. “The back is close to Pharnakes I and is older “as the Mithradates VI. The head has exactly that peculiarity “Jumping relief found in these areas by Mithradates IV “and occurs in Pharnaces I, but one in Eupator “The flatness and breadth peculiar to later times “does. The only difference is the large width “Coin of Mithradates Philopator from those of the Pontic “Kings; in this she resembles the Bithynian Prusias I, but what “but also leads to older times.* It has to the further left to research to decide the question. Just I would like to point out that that the coins of Philopator will have emerged from a different mint than those of Eupator and that the style comparison is the one The right that it has towards the line of dynasties cannot be fully utilized here. Should However, Mr. v. Sallet's dating be the right one, that's how it will be Evidence that the Roman inscription belongs to a son of Eupator heard as king of Paphlagonia, not affected by this, and the allocation of the coin itself then also has to be decided. Be careful that Paphlagonia was considered Pontic at a certain time Secundogeniture can be considered. Th. Mommsen.

Two interesting medieval coins. The two coins described below, which I not with certainty to determine able, should the ver- public worth be, there others Collections maybe pieces included, from which further conclusions are drawn become can. L Vf. Bishop with two-pointed miter, which descends at the back hanging ribbons, completely after left turned, with Crosier and closed book. Bust portrait. In Pearl circles. R/. In pearl circles Dome building with two side are located on a ledge, which is formed by four arches. will carry. Weight 0.77 grams. The completely corrupt ones, moreover partly undeveloped ones Legends read: 2 .... NSEBNDIV EBRUURN.. VER... # Conjectures about what these characters mean hold I think it's superfluous the transcriptions are just simple pointless.

Weber: Two interesting medieval coins. 221] Check we, on the other hand, the midfields, it's immediately noticeable that the building's back is a faithful copy of churches is as found on coins of the Archbishop of Cologne, Reinald v. Dassel (1159-1167), as well as on so-called Hitarcdenars before- find, and the latter are from the time of Archbishop Philip von Heinsberg (1167-1191). The coinage period un- This coin therefore dates back to the last half of the 12th century and this assumption will be discussed further below show as the correct one. Grote describes a similar coin in the coin studies Vol. II p. 928, plate 35, no. 33. He shares them with the Cologne ore- Bishop Engelbert I (1216-1225) and names Andernach as the embossing point. This provision is corrected by Dannen- berg in Vol. II of the coin studies $. 64 and there, that that piece for Trierisch explains, dem Archbishop Adalbert (1131-1152) and the mint in the area of Coblenz is being sought. Dannenberg is the one who arrives at the top the time already taken is closer. His earlier view has then Grote himself also apparently recognized that he was wrong by saying a A piece that is even more similar to ours (Münzst. Vol. III p. 263, Plate VII, No. 9) to the Archbishop of Mainz, Konrad v. Wittels bach, assigns and says that the same thing is in the Rhine, Main or Lahn area shaped. But Conrad ruled from 1162-1164 and 1183-1200, i.e. exactly in the period I assumed above. menen time. Now our coin shows another peculiarity: can only be found in that time, namely that which is low and wide, wedge-shaped letters designed lines are composed. The books are designed in exactly the same way stabs on a denarius in my collection des Mainz Archbishop Christian v. Beech (1165—1183) and up the same denarius depicted on Cappe Plate II, No. 36 Archbishop, apparently also on numbers 34 and 36. The face of the Archbishop is also peculiar to our piece in the way carefully cut, that in the manner of the Alsatian coins

222 Weber: only the contours appear raised, while the central surface is in the same plane as the coin's field. This too finds look at the Denarius Christians, Cappe Plate II, No. 35, again and I believe I will accept it hereafter to be allowed to do that The coin pictured above belongs to Mainz and either below Christian v. Beech or under Konrad v. Wittelsbach shaped has been. The coin described below remains much darker: IR: V/. A secular gentleman with curly hair, seated, holds a lily in each hand. R/. cross, one point each at three angles, in the fourth Angle half a star, from which six rays are visible. The legend on both sides between pearl circles. Weight 0.34 grams. It would be a futile effort to try to explain wanted to carry out experiments on the remains of the writings; the transcriptions consist of randomly arranged characters. The coin will therefore without discovery of an original for sure cannot be determined, but there is no doubt about it. may be subject to the fact that it is of Rhenish origin. Here- points to the whole character of the stamp itself the shape of the letters has a marked similarity with those who have the just described - probably Mainz - coin shows. Here, too, a kind of “cuneiform writing” appears on, and it can rightly be assumed that we too here with a product from the second half of the 12th century have to do. One could think of Schwalenberg for the sake of the star, and really the mint offers. Vol. V Plate II, 8 illustrated Coin a certain analogy. But whether the latter is right just moved to Schwalenberg, according to our own training

Two interesting medieval coins. 293 Grote's tours on page 94 are not beyond any doubt sublime. On the other hand, let's look around at the Rhenish coins, which come from the second half of the 12th century, like this falls to us the pronounced one Family resemblance on which between our Obol and the coin studies vol. III, plate 4 Sayner coins shown exists. It would be daring therefore to buy our coin for a Count of Saynische explain, only in the realm of possibility is it without a doubt, that this assumption can and would be true Due to the great rarity of the Sayn coins, it is twice as interesting if analogue pieces with better transcription are included found in any collection. Wetzlar. weaver, District Court Council.

A minting error. With one small coin finds out the Eifel, which I in 83. Issues of the Jahrb. d. Ver. from friends of antiquity i. Rhine country, a coin came into my possession, which ones a something more detailed discussion here too position justify should. It's a simple patard piece, which of Maximilian as guardian of Philip the Handsome Burgundy was defeated for Brabant. Hf. NOWo ARARIWVAVo AVo BVRG’ BRAB UI02: A seated lion holds up the upright little one inclined coats of arms of Austria-Burgundy in one multiple shields. R/. SINPS PRATARD' HRBART, IR BITARD, HF. As an inscription around a highly stylized floral cross. P. O. van der Chys in: de munten der voorm. hertogdommen Braband en Limburg, Haarlem, 1851, has $. 189, No. 10 one similar coin released; His transcriptions are:

F. van Vleuten: A minting error. 225 Hf. MONATRA - AR - DV: AVSTRIA - BRABARNSIA - ff. SIMP’. PATARD. HABART-I-BRA. 1482. From the differences of the transcriptions is closed immediately see that the two main pages have different stamps were beaten. The backs were also decorated with different ones Stamps struck, but the apparently new mint Bitard is not decisive for this assumption, but only the small one Word in, which is on the coin at y. d. Ch. appears abbreviated. Before the copy was cleaned, all numismatics believed maticians to whom I showed the same product a mint in Sittard that has not yet been proven to recognize, a conjecture which is already evident from this proved invalid that Sittard, which can be picked up today belongs to Limburg, at the end of the 15th century. Century at that time Duchy of Jülich was located. But now after cleaning behind Bitard another F and faint traces of an A became visible, as further under the word a double pearl rim to light occurred, while the coin otherwise only shows a simple one There was no longer any doubt that there was a double whammy, and now it was with assistance the drawing at v. d. Ch. the explanation soon found. At v. d. Ch. ends the transcription:: BRA . 1482. At the first blow the entire transcription came up to the R, whose vertical line still came into its own, while the two rounded lines of the R, the A and the year the coin was missing. In an effort to overcome this deficiency one to counteract the second blow through carelessness the stamp moved; The last four went to the empty spot Letters of PRTARD' and the beginning of HAB'AAT"- The The second blow was based on the failed first blow side of the coin artificially restricted, thereby explaining it that the effect of this second blow on the discussed gap the transcription localized and the rest of the legend in was not affected in any way. Journal of Numismatics, XV, 15

226 F. van Vleuten: A minting error. The present coin is quite suitable for caution to warn when discovering still unknown coins. would have coincidentally with the second blow the beaded edge exactly that of the first blow would also be covered, etheric HA does not come to expression, so one would welcomed the new Bitard mint all the more gladly than you did after: “fabricatus in” the name of a city far more than that of a country could be assumed. F. van Vleuten.

Literature. Keary: a catalogue of English coins in the British Museum. Anglo-Saxon series. Vol. I. XCIV, 282 pages and 34 Light printing board London 1887. The first Band the English Medieval coins des British Museum, written by one of the most proven coin experts, is again, like all catalogs in this collection, a similar one brilliantly equipped as well as useful and indispensable hand-held book. After one incoming historical Introduction from 94 pages follows that accurate description; the first Band contains: the Kings of Mercia, Kent, Archbishops of Canter- bury, the kings of East Anglia, the coins of St. Ead mund, St. Martin (Lincoln), the English kings of Northum- Berland, the Archbishops of York, the Danish kings of Northumberland and the coins with St, Peter. The extraordinary enough rows begin with the extremely rare and strange pieces from the first Christian Royal King of Mercia, Peada (655-657 AD), with the names of the king in Anglo-Saxon Runes: AM d. i. PADA. The British Museum contains three silver coins of the type, our Berlin collection is so lucky, a very beautiful@old- coin (electrum) of the Pada'), something of the mint the first London silver coin (Plate IV, 21) differs. — Aethelred follows of Mercia (675-704), also with 1) An identical example of the pale gold coin of the Pada, found near Namur, is published as “une enigme” in the Revue de num. Belge 2nd Ser, Vol. IV, 1854 p. 269. Plate XIIT, 6. 15*

228 Literature. Runic script (a nice example in Berlin), then Offa with 52 sticks (only five in Berlin!) and the extremely rare pieces his widow Cynethrid (796 AD) in three copies - the latter, like so many other gems the following Series still completely missing from our collection; especially enviable is the magnificent, Ludwig's plays des Pious e.g. Th. replica gold coin of Archbishop Wig- mouth of York (from 837-854 AD) with the beautiful breast picture of the prelate from the front and MVNVS DIVINVM on the back side, around the wreath with cross (Plate XXIII, 6). — The custom ability of the beautiful catalog is supported by excellent indices and a large number of extremely well-done originals completely replacing light printing panels. AD Demole, Eugene: histoire monstaire de Geneve de 1535 4 1792. Geneva and Paris, 1887. 4° with 9 panels. This beautifully equipped, with numerous good illustrations The work, which has 176 pages, provides a very precise one and complete monetary history of Geneva, with a listing of all relevant documents and the names of the mint masters, and followed by (pp. 177-354) the description of all those who lived in Geneva minted coins from 1535-1792 with details of the collections, in those the pieces are located; is extraordinarily rich the Geneva Museum, which the author presides over. — In the introduction will too a brief overview of the Geneva coinage of the Middle Ages given; it would The value of the work will certainly have increased if the author. also the exact descriptions and illustrations of the central old coins would have been combined with those of more recent times. The The latest period of Geneva coinage, from 1792 to 1848, is what he wants The author will be discussed in a subsequent volume. A.N. 8

Literature. 229 Ermisch, Hubert: Document book of the city of Frei- mountain in Saxony. Il. Band. (Thirteenth volume of the second Main part of the Codex diplomaticus Saxoniae regiae). Leipzig 1886. The relationship between coinage and history is to be understood. divorced times been a different one. Initially The coins were only intended and used as starting points and points of contact for all kinds of things historical, genealogical and similar investigations: a point of view for which the “historical “historic coin amusements” are typical. Later they became Numismatic coins End in itself: efforts were made to Explain the character from all sides and take it into account the story just so far, than this to achieve the desired stated purpose was necessary. But this is the determination numismatics is not fulfilled as we believe; the coin not only as such, but also as historical Monument in comparison to other monuments considered and be examined. Only then will the correct change effect between both sciences highlight: ver- mute will the complaint that is still often heard today that the layer researcher so little Note take from which is often the highest important discoveries that are not uncommon for the numismatist are divorced, and historians will take care to the coin researchers new Sources, new ones Fields of work to er- close. Thoughts of this kind, which are no longer present today, neither are not represented in theory nor in practice We get excited when we see the luxuriously furnished one mentioned above and with the utmost hard work and German thoroughness Take the document book provided. In the city Freiberg found the entire Middle Ages through the most important mint in Saxony, which is without a doubt already at Discovery of the mines under Margrave Otto the Rich (1156-80) was established. Similar to Bohemia, Mining and coinage were also closely linked in Freiberg

230 Literature. connections, with the mint masters at the head of the administration everyone with the mines related on- futures stood; therefore treated the work discussed here in his second volume only mining, mining law and coins. This is not the place to point out the major influence show what the Freiberg mining law has been doing throughout the Barschaft, in Meissen, Bohemia, Silesia, even in Prussia has exercised, as we also do with regard to the direction this magazine and the space available to us must say, on the details in the fullness of what is offered materials to enter: we can only refer to the in general Importance of this source for coin research in general as for the Saxon in particular point out. Although own we out the first century of the loading As far as the Freiberg Mint is concerned, there is no news about her, whether This is probably the heyday of the mines, indeed the former is only mentioned once in this period. But for that are us the bills the Freiberg mint master from Years 1353, i.e. from the government of the Margraves Fried- rich II, Balthasar and Wilhelm I, almost completely preserved. The ones mentioned three brothers first had one in common Mint masters, since 1381 everyone held their own, but took care numerous contracts at that time and in the future for the same moderation of coinage. In Freiberg have yourself the Munzer the free one position, like they in the XIII. century everywhere in Germany had known how to preserve longer than elsewhere: they managed as a tenant, the coin is theirs own advantage, from every coined mark of fine silver Laandesherrn giving a “lucrum”. They were also next to it the bankers of the latter, by them on his instructions (“assignatio”) made payments for a variety of purposes, Therefore, we gain from your invoices and the assignment documents briefs an insight into the financial circumstances of the margraves. Around 1390 the position of the minter changed, they now become real officials: they pay the prince no more lucrum,

Literature. 237 Several geographical and factual alphabetical registers are created make it easier to use. The images printed in the text dungs (made by photographic means) are generally beautiful and clearly, if also the light printing boards of English publications are to be preferred. Multiple fonts tables, including the Cypriot and Bactrian script the usefulness of the beautiful and useful work. A. v0,