Zeitschrift für Numismatik, vol. 15 — 1887

| | | About some coins issued by Sabatier. 73 CORNV PHENICES read wants and the view expresses that “the horn” synonymous with power, strength or that Proud Phoenicia a pompous title for the Metropolis province, Tyre. How easy is it, on all of them these coins COMMVne PHOENICES!) to emendir and in them side pieces to the coins minted in Tire after Mionnet with the Greek completely same significant inscription KOINON - POINIKHC to discover: Mionnet V p. 334 No. 1. Phenice in general. Olaealle and... 0. Dete de, Oarabaile, Rs. KOINON - POINIKHC, Temple hexastyle. AR. 7, Vaillant Num. graeca. Mionnet Suppl. VII p. 237 No. 1. Caracalla, AYTOK.M.AYP-ANT2NNOC Tiäte de Caracalla, avec le paludamentum. RF KOINON . dOINIKHC; au bas ©®KZ (527). Temple oetostyle. /E. 7, Sestini, Mus. Hederv. III PIE. No; l, TL.V No, 11.p.:22 Demetrias, Marc Aurel can be the femme debout, & g., tenant la haste dans la m. g., et deux &pis dans la droite with regard to the ears of corn and the name of the city more specifically referred to as Demeter. In the second of the above publications from series IV, Volume I, 1863 is the type of coin of Gallienus of (allegedly) Tium Pl. I No. 15 p. 12: TTOV.NK.... FANAIHNOL - CEB Buste radi6 de Gaul, a dr., avec le palud. Rj/. TIANDN Femme coiffee du modius et vetue de la stole, debout, & gauche, Yes main droite levee et tenant la haste pure dans la main gauche. Devant et a ses pieds, un autel allume. not a woman, but Sarapis. This one finds yourself in exactly the same attitude as here from Sestini, Lett. Num. Cont. VIII p. 14 No. 24 2. I.T Ex-Museo Regis Bavariae, {) On a Macrinus in Berlin there is definitely COENv around the temple - HOENICES, so definitely just COENVPHOENICES, so that's just the transcription tion of KOINON ®OINIKHC. AWS®.

74 W. Drexler: according to which Mionnet Suppl. V p. 256 No. 1495, and from Fundi, Mus. Theupoli p. 1082 AB. II, after which Rasche I, 2 p. 564, Tanini p. 82 and Mionnet Suppl. V p. 256 No. 1494 under Kios recorded Coins of Gallienus. I doubt not, that both Sabatier's piece and those by Fundi and Sestini communicated belong to one and the same city. But whether these Cius or Tium, only the one who is lucky can decide has to have the original coins in front of him. In and of itself could the type both in Cius than occur in Tium. Both cities are zealous followers of the Egyptian Oultus. In Cius one finds the Sarapis standing, i.e. R. raised, in the L. a scepter also on a coin of Caracalla: godmother, Thes. Maurocene. p. 130, Vaillant, N. Gr. p. 102. 2nd DI out the same collection, after Vaillant in Mionnet Suppl. V p. 252 No. 1473. Enthroned, in the R. the bowl, the L. appears on the scepter he on coins of Septimius Severus: Leake, N.H. Suppl. p. 39, AB. 9; Ms. Lenormant, Deser. d. med. et ant. comp. le cab. de m. le baron Behr p. 67 No. 392. A. 9. Enthroned, the R. over the Cerberus at his feet, the L. on the scepter, coins from Severus Alexander show him: Sestini Mus. Hed. II p. 74 No. 9, A. I, according to which Mionnet Suppl. V p. 253 No. 1478; of Valerianus: Dumersan, Cab. d'Allier d’Hauteroche p. 68 ZE. 7; from the same cabinet at Mionnet Suppl. V p. 255 No. 1493; of Trebonianus Gallus, where he supposedly have the bident in the L should: Vaillant N. Gr. p. 173 A. II. Eg. Patini, after him at Banduri Ip. 73 and at Mionnet Suppl. V p. 255 No. 1490. 3.6. We know the veneration of Isis in Cius from the inscription Le Bas et Waddington, Inscriptions de l'Asie-Mineure No. 1143 p. 280—281 —=P. Foucart, Des associations religieuses chez les Grees. Paris 1873. Inscription No. 66 p. 240. The adoration of Anubis by the one found in Cius Hymn to this God: C. I. Gr. 3724; Kaibel, Epigrammata Graeca No.1029; Froehner, Les inscriptions grecques [du Louvre]

About some coins issued by Sabatier. 75 p. 3-6; F. Robiou, Me6langes Graux. Paris 1884 p. 601-607 No. I; E. Plew, The Greeks in their Marriage z. d. deities foreign peoples. Danzig 1876. 4°. p. 24. But in Tium, that for a while to the Herakleotic one Principality of the daughter of Ptolemy I, wife of Lysimachus heard (Müller Num. de l’anc. Africa I p. 146; III p. 116; Müller, The Coins of Thrac. King Lysimachus p. 26; Droysen, business d. Epig. 1” p. 267f.; II? p. 261; Magazine f A.W.I 1843 p. 56; Krall, Tacitus and others Orient. I. Part. Histories IV 83-84. The origin of Sarapis. Vienna 1880 p. 15), yes one While the name Berenice was used (Steph. Byz. s. v. Beos- vixas; Droysen, business d. Epig. I? p. 273; Krall. c. p. 17-18), The coins speak no less clearly for the inclination of the City of the Oultus of the gods of the Nile country. Sarapis appears standing, in d. R. the scepter, the L. ins Pallium wrapped on a coin of M. Aurelius in Mus. Arigoni Il, 15, 81 ZA. II, according to which Mionnet Suppl. V p. 262 No. 1527: Sestini, Cat. num. vet. Musei Arigoniani castigatus p. 61; sitting, to his Fussen that three-headed monster, on Coins of Gordianus Pius: Vaillant N. Gr. p. 157 2.1. card. Leop., after which Rasche V, 1 p. 1373 No. 1 [Gusseme VI 378, 16; Harduin Opera. p. 170]; the same piece Sestini Lett. Num. Cont. VIII p. 23 No, 24 A. II. Ex Mus. M. Ducis, where- according to Mionnet Suppl. V p. 268 No. 1563; without the mode on the illustration in Havercamp, Num. Reg. Christinae Tab. XXXIV, 5, p. 243 and from here in Gessner, Impp. Tb. CLXXVI, 9 and Rasche V, I p. 1373:No. 2. Isis should appear, in the R. the sistrum, in the L. the Scepter on coins of Antoninus Pius: Vaillant, N. Gr. p. 46 Eg. Ill. Eq. Gottifredi, according to which Rasche V, 1 p. 1369 No. 6 and at Mionnet Suppl. V p. 260 No. 1514, but for reasons of see by looking at Vaillant's type in the first place above it Line described coin from Tenos gives, has the figure hold a bowl instead of the sistrum; of Marc Aurel: Sestini, Mus. Hed. II p. 76 No. 4. 3. IH = Sestini Lett.

76 W. Drexler: N. Cont. VII p. 21 No. 14, after which at Mionnet Suppl. V p. 363 No. 1529; Caronni’s description, however, is I p. 196 No. 4618 Mul. dm. d. icon portat, s. hastam; also Sestini L.N. Cont. VII p. 21 No. 13. A. IH. Ex Mus. Tochon, out the same cabinet at Mionnet S. V p. 163 No. 1528; more Copies: Havercamp, Numoph. R. Christ. Table LIX No. 25 p. 424; Vaillant N. Gr. p. 57 ZE. II. Orat. Harvei, according to which at Rapid V, 1 p. 1371 No. 10; Vaillant N. Gr. p. 57 2. II, D. Foucault, according to which Rasche 1. c. No. 3. Harpocrates standing can be found on coins of Antoninus Pius: Vaillant, N. Gr. p. 46 A. III, Ms. Lotti, pictured in Numorum appendix altera Table VI fg. 16; to Vaillant Rasche V, 1 p.1369—1370 No. 7 and Mionnet Suppl. V p. 260 No. 1512. — Sestini Cat. n.a. mus. Arigoniani cast. p. 61 ZR. III; Mus. Arigoni II. 12. 132. On the interesting medallions of Caracalla of Perga- mon Pl. I, 2-5 p. 15-16 is the person in front of Asclepius temple, in front of which a sacrificial servant a zebu knocks down, not a priest, as Sabatier suggests, but the emperor himself, which here, different from the illustration on No. 6, not appears in martial costume. Pl. III, 12 p. 28 Mitylene, Marcus Aurelius does not represent Diana from Ephesus, but often on the coins of Mitylene occurring type of herm. A very strikingly incorrect description is in Pl. III No. 14 p. 32 and from here in Boutkowski, Diet. num. I p. 1243 No. 2144, Magnesia Joniae, Julia Mamaea given: IOYAIA- MAMAIA: CEB DBust de Julie Mamee & dr. Rf. TPA®DTEINOY - MATNHTRN Nemesis, face and debut, tenant in the main dr. une longue torche entour6e d’un serpent, and in your main branch (?) .... Rollin et Feuardent, 28 mill. And what does the picture show? Men standing from the front a robe reaching to the knees, a Phrygian cap, Crescent on the shoulders, stepin, the L. above to one

About some coins issued by Sabatier. AT vertical supported a thyrsus placed a similar stick, the one in the middle and slightly below each have two oval decorations has that one at the first with two sessile opposite ones could be compared to leaves on the stem of a plant. Whether he in the lowered stretched out R. one object, about one shell, holds, is not clearly visible. In addition to his Ri Side is planted vertically one of a snake wrapped torch. Sabatier considers the coin to be unedited. Exactly that- the same type with the same official name Photeinos already have listed: Vaillant, N. Gr. p. 142 EM-FP-&RTEINOY MAFNHTRN Lunus cum pileo, utraque manu taedam cui invol. serpens. MB.I Thes. Reg. and after him Rasche II, 1p. 101 No. 6, the one still Gusseme and Harduin leads; further, consistent with Vaillant, but instead of EM.FP only reading FPA Mionnet Suppl. VI p. 248 No. 1086 E. 5; No. 1087 Eg. 5; Leake Num. Hell. Suppl. p- 67. ZE. 8. The slightly different descriptions of the given called from of the illustration in the Revue belge are likely to follow this must be corrected. Mionnet Suppl. VI p. 247 No. 1082 also knows a copy of Julia Mamäa with this type, but instead of an official's name with the inscription: MAFNHTR®N . NERKOPRN . THC: APTEMIAOC: OIYAIA . MAMAIA . CEB Möme tete [de Mamee]. Ff. MATNHTR2N » NERKOPRN. THC-APTEMIAOC Le dieu Lunus debut, a croissant derriere le dos, la main dr. posee sur une haste autour de laquelle est un serpent; Dans le champ, an other serpent autourd’un thyrse. 2.9. as well as II p. 151 No. 659 too one with the official's name Flavius Bassus provided by Caracalla, which was already written by Vail- lant, N. Gr. p. 104 A. I Regius and after him by Rasche III, 1 p. 99 No. 7 (EMI TP.®A-BACCOY MAFNHTRN Lunus stans inter duas taedas quibus serpentes invol.) is described: M.AYP. ANT2NEINOC T. 1. de Caracalla & dr; palud. RF EMI. FP.®A. BACCOY . MAFNHTRN Le dien Lunus de- bout, un croissant derriere le dos, la main droite posee sur one hasten et tenant dans la gauche un

W. Drexler: symbols inconnu; in the champion, serpent autour d’un thyrse. ZR. 8. We can control the descriptions of this specimen through an illustration in A. de la Marmora, Voyage en Sardaigne. Second game. Antiques. Paris 1840. Pl. XXI. Fig. 38 p. 241. 942 — Guigniaut, Religions de PAnt. Pl. LVi, to, fig. 213°. Here Men appears in the same clothing as on the coins the Julia Domna, has the row up at the Thyrsus-like one object, but clearly holds up in the lowered L below directed short torch and next to his left side A staff entwined with a snake is planted upper end it is not possible to decide exactly whether he is a thyrsus or is to be understood as a torch. How is the representation explained? One could assume that the serpent was given to the man because he was believed to have healing powers strengths. It was with the sanctuary of Myv Kaoov between Laodicea and Karura a dıdaoxadstov “Hoogiksıov ieroov weya« (Strabo Lib. XI at the end); that's it Inscription from Colo& Bull. de Corr. Bright. IV 1880 p. 128 dem Men consecrated ölnze vs öhoximgies | or] rrodav; but devote in Goeldis a woman to Men Uranios and Men Axiottenos a relief depicting two eyes, Movosiov xal Bıßhuodnen vis edayyehınijs oxohis [eis 2» Zwvovn] IH, 1/2 p. 167, Roehl, Bursian's Annual Report 36th Vol. 11th Year 1883. 3rd Abth. p. 86, as well as on the rocks of Philippi Galgestia Primilla dem thanked men for curing her daughter's eye disease, Heuzey and Daumet, Mission de Macedoine p. 83-85, Pl. IV, 1; shows yes one coin from Siblia Phrygiae to Mionnet Suppl. VII p. 617 No. 578 Eg. 4 in the obverse the head of this God, in the back the standing Telesphoros, and one of Sebaste Galatiae according to Mionnet Suppl. VII p. 649 No. 85 ZR. 3.Cab. de M.Ed. de la Cadalvene in the obverse again the head of Men, in the back the standing Asklepios. However, if the Thyrsus-like object is really a Thyrsus is, one can assume, that the serpent, the

About some coins issued by Sabatier. 79 knew symbol of Sabazius, here, as well as the Thyrsus itself, with man because of his assimilation with that god is given. For the identification of Men and Sabazius the spot often festers of Proclus in Tim. IV $251, p. 607 ed. Schneider — ragsiAmpausv za rruod Ogadi Miva Zaßatıov vuvov- uEVvov xl Ev ufoaıs voü Zaßaliov reAstais, So von Lobeck, Aglao- phaimus p. 1047, A. Maury, Religions de la Gräce ancienne III p. 103-104 Note 1, cf. p. 129; bruiser, Gr. M.I? pı 574 Grade 2; Ms. Lenormant, Rev. arch. n.s. vol. XXVIIL 1874 p. 301; Heuzey and Daumet, Miss. de Maeed. p. 85. ? Only Schwenck, Rhine. Mus. N. F. XX 1865 p. 131 has one from the rest have a different view, when he says: “In the Phrygian Sabazia was called Sabos, Sabazios unvorvgavvog, but one should not want to interpret this as if he were a god of the moon. In the mysteries of popular religion a little thing added to natural philosophy, could sun and moon are not missing. Also in the Eleusinian Mysteries the moon wasn't missing, etc.@ One could use Sabazius to identify the men feel tempted, also those of Sestini, Lett. num. Tom. II p: 123 No. 53, Table II fig. 53 and after him by Mionnet III p. 432 No. 9 under Apollonia Lyciae, but by Waddington Revue num. 1853 p. 180—181 No. 4 under Apollonia Pisidiae (Mordiaeum) to cite the coin of Mare Aurel described: AYPHA .KAl Caput nudum ad s. Rf. AMOM@NI .AYK Deus Lunus stans d. botrum, Ss. hastam nodosam Z. II. But Waddington judges with his usual level-headedness: “Je remarquerai en passant que la description du n’ 4, d’apres Sestini n’est pass satisfactory, et le type singulier qui y est represente demande &tre confirm6 par an author plus scrupuleux “Que le savant numismatist Italy.” Must have the same distrust For the time being we also use the one from Mionnet Suppl. 5 p. 289 No. 61 after Sestini, Mus. Hed. II p. 80 No.3 described coin of the Ha- drian of Apollonia ad Rhyndacum:

W. Drexler: AAPIANOC - KAICAP Kill nue d’Hadrien. R/. AMOAMADNIAT2N -PYNAAKOC Le dieu Mois debut, ah gauche, la t&te couverte d’un bonnet orne d’un eroissant, soutenant de la m. dr. the simulation of Diane, and tenant une grappé de raisin pendante; dans la main gauche une haste. AR. 6. It would also be completely wrong to trust in the description of Mionnet’s V p. 585—586 No. 39 of a coin of Caracalla by Esbus: AYT -C-M- AYP: ANTON.... Tete lauree et imberbe de Caracalla, & dr., palud. R/. AYP-ECBOYC The Lunus debut and hairdresser in Bonn- net phrygia, regardant & g., le pied dr. pose sur un rocher, a pomme de pin sur la main dr. et la gauche sur une haste autour de laquelle is a serpent. AR. 4%. here a new one Example of merger from men and Sabazios wanted to find. Because on the one hand the moon deity would a city in Arabia Petraea has little to do with Phrygian Men have to do [even if you have the Greek stamp- tailor uses the traditional costume of the men of Asia Minor that he knows would borrow], but on the other hand sees de Sauley, Num. de la Terre Sainte p. 393-394 Nos. 2 on the coin in question, which he assigns to Elagabalus, rather the Astarte, and also his illustration shows a woman characterized by nothing but men shape. — Completely, how bold it would be if one, because Sabazios often called Zeus, but men are referred to as Sabazios. melted will, the beardiness of the moon god on some Coins, e.g. B. on one of the Geta of Sebaste Phrygiae at Waddington, Revue num. 1851 p. 181-182 Nos. 5: TIO: CEM - FETAC-KAI Kill nue de Geta, palud. R/. CEBACTHNON Un dieu lunaire barbu debut, et coiff6 du bonnet phrygia, un croissant sur les epaules, v&tu d’une tunique longue, la m. dr. sur la haste et tenant de la g. la pomme de pin, le pied g. sur une tete de belier. A. 6'%.

About some coins issued by Sabatier. 81 Pl (see also the coin of Caracalla of Juliopolis in Beger, T'hes. Brandenb. II p. 701 fg. 1, after which Gessner Imp. Tb. CXLIX, fg. 13, and that of Commodus of the same city in Sestini, Mus. Hed. II p. 51 No. 1, according to which Mionnet Suppl. V p. 72 No. 367, different from Wiezay I Tab. XXIX No. 655 p. 343 No. 7409) from the fact that Men are here with Sabazios was merged, wanted to explain. Against Men is equipped with the thyrsus and thus According to the statement, the Men assimilated on a stele from Koula by Le Bas et Waddington, Asia-Min. p. 214 No. 667, monuments figures Pl. 136 No. 1 (unfortunately I don't have the picture to- accessible) and Foucart, Bull. de Corr. Bright. 1880 IV p. 129. Here he appears according to the descriptions of those just mentioned with the crescent on the shoulders, in chiton and chlamys, on the head the Phrygian cap, the thyrsus in the R. the l. Sitting on a bull's head, next to an eagle holding Zeus. On which, as I must agree, against- Hardly above the reliability of Waddington and Foucart The image of the same relief in question is not exactly Texier, Description de l’Asie Mineure. Paris 1839. vol. I Pl. LII p. 136, however, Men does not have the R. to one Thyrsus, but placed on a lance, in the L. he carries one round object, in which the picture usually corresponds to him enclosed pine apple don't recognize leaves and he stands up one head to the ground stretching, collapsing Taurus. The attached one, also in the C. I. Gr. 3438 recorded domestic According to Waddington, the writing reads: “Iso& ovvßiwnoıs za vewrega zur’ Eruraynv ToÖ xoglov ıvoavvov Aıös Maoyakaımvoo zei Mnvi Tıawov eüxnv, which is followed by a list of names. This Mnyv Tieuov is also mentioned in the next inscription at Lebas-Waddington No. 668, C.I. Gr. 3439 together with Miv Tioavvos and Zeus called Meogelarnvos. The bas-relief that accompanies the same represents but just the busts of Men and Zeus, that of the former with the crescent on the shoulder, at Texier I Pl. 51 p. 135 Journal of Numismatics, XV, 6

82 W. Drexler: with a kind of wall crown with leaf decorations, on the head, that of the latter with a halo. If different, puts the man in a relationship with Sabazios which is actually shown here, one by M. A. Wagener, Inscriptions gecques recueillies en Asia miners, Memories courageous et m&moires des savants &trangers publi6s par l’aca- d&mie royale of science, of the letter et des beaux-arts de Belgique, Tome XXVIIL. Brussels 1859, p. 3ff. No. 1 publication cirtes, often, for example by K. Keil, supplementary volume II to the Philologus p. 606f.;, Plew in Preller's Gr. M. 1° p. 577 Note 2, Ms. Lenormant, Rev. arch. XXVIII n. s., 1874 p. 306, Thraemer s.v. Dionysus in Roscher's Lex. p. Relief cited in 1111, which is also found in Koula is. Here Sabazios sits on a chariot, drawn by two horses, one of which has an eagle sitting on it, and closed whose feet a snake coils. The horses lead “un homme debout, coiff6 du bonnet phrygia et tenant de la droite un educee. Entre le bonnet Phrygia et le caducde on apergoit “Un croissant.” Behind There is an altar on the wagon one offering and three praying. In the second field 13 praying people appear to the right and left of an altar tree. The inscription is included: “Erovs gre, umvos Aauolov &, dr oreparn)gooov Thvxwvog, 1 Koloyvmv xarvoızia xa|IıEowonv Aio Zaßalıov x. €. 4. Men and Dionysus, with whom Sabazios so often identifies will appear in some relationship to one another an inscription by Goerdis (Julia Gordus) near Lebas-Waddington, Asia Min, p. 217 No. 678: ”Erovs?] omm, Avedmrav x Mmvog Tıdwov zei Mnvös Ilsıgasivov 10 [üyak]| pe tod Auovvoov 'Iovkuavog #. TV A In one by Fr. Lenormant, Rev. arch. n.s. XXVII 1874 p. 381 from Heuzey, Mission de Macedoine Pl. III No. 4 indicated bas-relief from the rocks of Philippi can be found Men on horseback united with Dionysus holding a bunch of grapes and a matronly goddess, for whom Lenormant takes the name Cotytto suggests.

About some coins issued by Sabatier. 83 Coins by Nysa Cariae, coined under Julia Mäsa and under Elagabalus, supposedly show the man on the left hand of a woman holding a bunch of grapes: Mionnet Suppl. VI p. 524 No. 430: IOY.MAY.CEBA. Kill de Maesa with the stole sur la poitrine. Rf. NYCAERN. Femme debut, tenant of the m. dr. including a grappe de raisin, et de la g. le simulacre du dieu Mois. Eg. 7. Sestini, Deser. d'alc. med. gr. del mus. di Chaudoir P.97 No. 2. Mionnet III p. 368—369 No. 383: AYT.K.AYP.ANTONINOC Tete laurde d'Elagabale a dr.; the poitrine cuirassee, R/. NYCAEQN Woman debuts and wears the stole, the lotus sur la tete, tenant une grappe de raisin dans la m. dr. et le dieu Lunus sur la g. 2.6. Cab. deM. Tochon. The type of Pl. IV No. 1, p.35 Metropolis Joniae, Gallienus, the Sabatier as a genius debout, ä& gauche, tenant le palladium sur the main droite, trend en avant, et une corne d’abondance in the main. Devant, un autel allume there, will from Eckhel D. N, V. II p. 530 as Mulier capite turrito stans ad aram d. Martis signum. At Pl. IV No. 2, p. 35. Aphrodisias, Gordianus III, which Coin also in Cat. Borell, London 1861 p. 12, no. 62 and im Num. Chron. 1861 p. 218 is described, shows the lapel Inscription: AHMOC -EAEVOEPIA - ABPOAICIEON, that the Demos woman wearing a wreath who is supposed to represent Eleutheria. About the freedom of Aphrodisias cf. Marquardt, Roman state government administration I p. 189, note 3. Pl. IV, No. 8, p. 42 (supposedly) Comana Pontica, Gallienus: AV. MO. AIK. FAAAIHNOC Kill lauree de Gaul, & droite. Ref. KOMANE@N Gönie & demi nu debout, ä gauche, le bras droit tendu en avant et la main gauche appuy6e 6*

W. Drexler: sur la haste. Dans le champ, & gauche, la lettre ©. Rollin et Feuardent, 34 mm. KOMANE@N is also clearly shown on the board. Meanwhile exactly the same type is used by C. W. Huber, coins from the Collection of Mr. C. W. Huber, Berlin sheets for coins, Seal and Heraldry II 1865, p. 184, no. 15, cf. Cat. Huber, London 1862, p. 61 sub No. 666 (R/. KONANEWN, draped Figure to left, with hasta and patera) described under Conana Pisidiae: E.g. 10, Fo. AVT TAANIHNOC -C- laurel wreathed head of the emperor to the right. RF KONA NE @N A man in the toga, to the left standing, a cap on his head, in the selected stretched out their rights a wreath (or a patera?), in the left the lance, in the field ©. from Caramania. Friedlander, Rep. p. 294, which is the coin according to Huber's publication under Conana recorded, holds the Figure of the back for the emperor. The illustration, which ones one with exception breast-clothed, bareheaded, Place the L. at the top of the supported lance, in the R. well holding a bowl, facing left standing man shows, seems not to speak for this designation. The rollin and Feuardent's piece is probably identical to Huber's. Pl. IV, No. 9, p. 42-43: KAI-IOVA . MAZIMEINOC Tiäte lauree de Matimin, a dr. R/. ANAHAEQN La Fortune debut, ä& gauche. Rollin et Feuardent, 19 mill. does not belong to Adida, Addida or Addus Iudaeae, but like Friedlander, Repertory p. 344 corrected, to Andeda Pisidiae. In the third of the above-mentioned essays, Revue belge Series IV, Volume III, 1865 is an interesting type Pl. XVII, No. 16, p. 19 of the separate print Alexandria Troadis, Caracalla: M-AN- ANTONINVS.... Bust laur & de Caracalla, A droite, with the cuirasse and the paludamentum.

About some coins issued by Sabatier. 85 R/. COL-AVG-TROA. A satyre, tenant par la main one femme nue, la presente & Pan, sur l’&paule de qui il pose le bras gauche; The dieu serves as a drapery le bras gauche. Derriere ces three personnages, pourvus d’un appendice en queue, on voit la tete et les jambes d’un quatrieme personnage, qui me parait another woman. Moyen bronze. Grey. The description of the same copy is at Cohen, Cat. Gray p. 147. No. 1720: M-AVR . ANTONINVS PIVS? (ou BRIT?) Son buste laure et drape & dr. Rf. COL:-AVG. TROA Silene accompagne de deux nym- phes et d’un satyre. A.6. The type is on the coins of Alexandria Troadis not rare. Under Caracalla is he's long since gone Mionnet II p. 648, no. 130 described: | M-AVR - ANTONINVS Tete laurde de Caracalla, & dr. RF COL. ALEX. AVG. Silene soutenu par deux bacchan- tes; devant lui, a satyre tendant la main. Eg. 6. Cab. Cousinery. Also on one autonomous II p. 643 No. 98 lines 5 and on coins of Severus Alexander II p. 649 - 650, No. 139 ZA. 7; 2,650, No. 140Z£. 6, and of Valerian senior II p. 652 No. 158 line 5; Suppl. V p. 543 No. 316, ZAE. He will be 6 recorded by Mionnet. Cavedoni Spik. num. p. 151 says by way of explanation: Questo singolare type si scambia luce con quelle parole di Venere, che- descrive ad Anchise le Ninfe del monte Ida (Homer. Hymn. in Vener. v. 263): Tijoı d&E SEILAHNOI zei Evoxonos Agysıyovıns Mioyovi’ Ev yılornrı wvXa omsıav E&00Evrwv. The only correct interpretation, however, is the beautiful one Illustration in the Revue belge by Dardel’s master hand. After This one we have it quite unmistakably with the intoxicated Heracles to do like his left arm on a panick

86 W. Drexler: supports, on the right hand of one his amusement over the condition of the mighty hero by raising the left Poor announcing satyr led and in the back from one another satyr is supported. Most likely we have on the coins the reproduction a famous sculpture Group of Alexandria. In poetry and art, Heracles was often in the wake of Dionysus and absolutely not infrequently depicted intoxicated (ste- phani, The resting Heracles p. 121. 129ff. 151ff. 183. 195#t. 236ff.; Compte-rendu p. l'a. 1869 p. 155 — 159; Preller, Gr. M. II’ p. 266-269; O. Jahn, Arch. Contribution p. 235-236; Welcker, Gr. Doctrine of the Gods II p. 785 — 787. Not uncommon either appears he the head with vine leaves wreathed, such a herm of the Brit. Mus. II, 46 led by O. Müller, handbook d. Arch. d. K? p. 684 8 411, 2; like that a coin of Marcus Aurelius and L. Verus from Philadelphia Arabiae at de Sauley, Num. de la Terre Sainte Pl. XXI, p: 391 No. 1, where his bust appears very similar to Dionysus; on a coin of Demetrius, son of Euthydemus from Sallet, The successors of Alexander d. Gr. in Bactria and India, Magazine f. Number VI, 1879 p. 288.AR. 8. Plate I, 8 resp. IV, 8, where he wreaths himself with vine leaves and on such of Euthydemus II at von Sallet 1. c. p. 290 AR. 8'%, plate 1, 10 respectively. IV, 10; another copy A. 5, where he one Wreath of vine leaves on his head, a second in the r. hand has; cf. also silver coins of Zoilus l. c. p 330 AR. 3; on a coin from Tarsus is his head with a wreath of ipheus decorated: Mionnet III p. 623 No. 417. Eg. 7. On a vase from Adernö is Heracles after he was captured. company of two satyrs and a maenad passing through the street raved, intoxicated at the door of the house in sleep decreased: Stephani, Compte-rendu p. la. 1868 p. 89; p. Ya. 1869 p. 157; p. la. 1874 p. 54, along with note 2, p. 55. An Etruscan Mirror of the Berlin Museum shows him based on a little satyr. to his R. on the sy-

About some coins issued by Sabatier. sT rinx blowing pan, to the L. an indistinct figure: Friederich's, Berlin's ancient sculptures II p. 70 No. 128a. On a “silver” 'gilt patera' in the possession of the India Office follows Heracles dancing Team of Dionysus, Transact. of the Asiatic Society of Bengal vol. VII part. II p. 1049; G. Birdwood, Transact. of the R. Soc. of Lit. of the United Kingdom. Second series vol. XI. London 1878 p. 93-104. — A bronze statuette of only 6 cm high drunken Heracles in the Trau collection in Vienna is in the Arch. Epigr. Mith. from Austria Vol. IH, ef. Review of the revue 1880 IV p. 157 communicated. A sarcophagus owned by Mr. Ouvaroff depicts him drunk and sitting on a rock, by Pan by the head and left arm held; behind him a satyr raises his right hand Poor, a movement, those of the editors different from my interpretation given above as a sign of surprise understands At his feet there appears to be a panick, also on the right. hand lifting the demigod to mock. Helbig, Museo Ouvaroff a Poreccie, Bull. dell’ Inst. 1880 [p. 26-32] p. 28-29; see also Trabaud, Fonts baptismaux de ladenet, Gazette des beaux-arts 1879, September, Review des revues 1880 p. 210. Sabatier describes a piece by Julia Domna very incorrectly from Ancyra, which he also says, although he himself says that Coins from Aneyra Galatiae characterized by the title Metropolis differ from those of the Phrygian Ancyra, the latter city assigns: Pl. XVII No. 22 p. 25 – 26 and after him Boutkowski, Diet. num. I p. 1425 No. 2414. IOVNIA : CEBACTH Buste de Julie & dr. Rf. MHTPOTIOAERG, et al’exergue, ANKVPA La louve er., allaifant Remus et Romulus; derriere, le figuier ruminal, et devant, le berger Faustulus. Great bronze. Grey. Correct will same copy from Cohen, Cat. Grey p. 176 - 177 No. described in 2001: IOYAIA CEBACTH Son buste & dr.

W. Drexler; Rf. MHTPOTIONEQC ANKYPAC Lionne debut a dr., allaitant un enfant; on the second plan, un arbre; devant la lionne, a child's debut. AWAY. 8%, who notices that a similar coin is in the Paris Ca- binet is located. Also on a coin of Caracalla at Leake, N. Hell. Suppl. p. 15 A. 8 is this representation to meet, after which Mus. Arigoni IV Tab. XII No. 53 = Mionnet Suppl. VI p. 637 No. 28 and Sestini, Cat. Mus. Arig. Cast. p. 89 to corri- giren is. I don't know how to explain it. However, one involuntarily remembers Theocritus' words from the Eros Idyll. IIL, 15: viv &yvov ıov "Eowre' Bagvs Feös' 7 ba Asaivars waLov &Imdals, Öovum ve vır Ergaps warm cf. Stephani, Compte-rendu p. l’’a. 1864 p. 184, note 2. That the sucking boy is wingless would not object to the interpretation Eros speak, because like Stephani Compte-rendu p. la. 1874 P.D. 3045 D, la, 1800 p. 72 notes/l; px ba. 1877 2,1110, 116. 118. 178. 184 noted, This is not too rare without it Wings have been depicted. We would also go straight for Ancyra can demonstrate another example of unwinged Eros on a coin of Septimius Severus, the Aphrodite and Eros, both swimming, demonstrating: Eckhel, Cat. Mus. Caes. Vindob. I p. 201, according to which Mionnet IV p. 380 No. 32 AR. 9, Froelich, Quat. Tentam. p. 231, what at Rasche I p. 615 No. 1 and at Gessner, Impp. CXXXIV, 31, Riggauer, Eros on coins in from Sallet's magazine. f. Number VIII 1881 p. 82 — 83, Taf, I No. 9, Imhoof-Blumer, Mon. gr. p. 414—415 No. 168 ZR. 33 in., where, however, as Riggauer points out, the winglessness of the Eros is motivated by the moist element. But the type probably refers to one in Ancyra local legend, unknown to us, about the diet of a hero or God in his childhood through a lioness. Pl. XVIH No. 23 p. 27 Trajanopolis, Trajan poses not an augur or priest with a rooster on the R. or Zeus Aetophoros, but certainly the latter.

About some coins issued by Sabatier. ( 5 Pl. XVIII No. 24, p. 28 Tarsus Caracalla does not represent one Woman with a flame or a mode on the head, pre-stretched r. Arm, a wreath in the L. on a horned lions standing, but the Sandon, the cili cian sun god (Ed. Meyer, Z. D. M. G. XXXI 1877 p. 136-740; Ed. Meyer, business d. Antiquity I p. 295$246 Note) next to the lion. Also Cohen, Cat. Gray p. 169 No. 1947 incorrectly describes the type when he calls it Serapis debout & dr., levant la m. dr. sur un lion qui marche ä& droite; in the champ une couronne and AMKFB. That the wreath not in the field, but in the l. hand of Sandan, Dardel’s illustration shows clearly. It is forgivable if Sabatier Pl. XVIII No. 26 p. 32 (allegedly) Antiochia ad Orontem, Trajanus AYTOKP . KAIC. NEP. TPAIANOC . CEB.TEPM Kill lauree de Trajan a dr. Rf. AHMAPX .E=.YMAT-A Bust barbu de Serapis, hair you modius, vötu you pallium, tour & dr. et tenant la foudre. Silver medallion. Grey. wants to recognize Sarapis, especially since the lightning bolt is there is absolutely nothing unheard of. This is how he should find himself in the R. of the god on a medallion of Philip $. from Bizya in Oimel. Vindob. II p. XX. Table 21 fig. 1==Eckhel, Cat. Mus. Caes. Vind. I p. 65 No. 2, where but other editors him of the same type as Vaillant, N. Gr. p. 161, M. Reg. Suee.; .Mionnet I p. 375 No. 75; Museum number Lavy I p. 92 No. 1004 until; Cat. d'Ennery p. 431 No. 2421 — Sestini, Mus. Hed. I p. 48 No. 5; Gessner, Impp. Tb. CLXXIX No. 19 from Strada, Num. Imp. R. p. 117. 167 not recorded. Furthermore, he is the Sa- rapis added to various gems, such as Winckelmann, Collection of Stosch 2nd class 3rd abth. No. 68, Coll. Works ed. Eiselein Volume IX p. 330; Rasp p. 121 No. 1495; Rasp p. 121 No. 1496 —= Lippert, Suppl. No. 28 = Lataye p. 315 No. 174; Documents edited p. s.a. st. dei musei d'Italia vol, III: Museo Borgiano, IH. cl. II. div. No. 26 p. 432 - 433. On a statue

90 W. Drexler: of the Sarapis in Visconti's Museo Pio Clem. II PL 1= Lafaye p. 974 No. 32, the god's modius is decorated with lightning. Up Alexandrian coins of Hadrian with the date LI (Zoega p. 108 No. 92 32 I Mus. Theupoli) and Antoninus Pius with the date LK (Mionnet Suppl. IX p. 83 No. 339 A. 9. G. di S. Quintino, Med. Aless. ined. del Mus. Egiz. di Torino p. 26 No. 132) you can see the head of Sarapis above one with Eagle standing on a lightning bolt with spread wings. But if you look at the good illustration in the review If you look more closely, you will find that the bust of the god resembles Sarapis very little. The arrangement of the hair is The beard, long and pointed, is different from that of Sarapis going downwards, deviates. A whole similar copy, with the lapel inscription AHMAPX : EZ. YMAT : B is from Pellerin, Melange I p. 182—184, Pl. VIIL, 1 and Mionnet VI p. 691 No. 525 published; and highest We probably also have in the book by Fr. Lenormant, Oat. Behr p. 140 No. 788 under Antioch short so described Coin: Nero. .R/. bust of Serapis. Potin in reality one Trajan's coin, of whose name perhaps only the NEP- appears is visible in Behr's piece, with the one in question Type to see. The unclear symbol in hand des God's at Pellerin will through that of Sabatier communicated Specimen clearly identified as a lightning bolt. Regarding the location where the coin is minted, Six in his beautiful essay Monnaies d'Hierapolis en Syria, Num. Chron. N.S. vol. XVII, 1878 p. 121 the Pellerin specimen Assigned to Hierapolis (Mabug) on the Euphrates. I just can't accept the fact that he's for them male deity depicted here from Hierapolis, from which it in the writing de Dea Syria c. 31 means x«&i 10v avror dia Eovra Eriow odvöuer xAmikovon, either (p. 111, 119) with movers, The Phön. I p. 309, 318, 634, 674 the name Kivan, Baal-Ke- van, or, based on (p. 111 note 40; p. 122) a note in the fragment of Meliton in Renan, Mem. sur Sanchoniathon,

About some coins issued by Sabatier. 91 Ac. of the Inscer. et B.-L. XXIII, 2 p. 324, 325, which one Statue of Hadran mentioned in Mabug, the name Hadran needs, and this in turn with that bearded god on Coins from Hadrumetum in L. Müller, Num. de l’anc, Afrique Il p. 52 No. 29, p. 57; Suppl. p. 42 brings together. Much closer it's right for the one depicted on the coins of Hierapolis asked male god to choose the name Hadad. Six knows the same very well, he initiates p. 113 Note 51 the position of the Macrob. Sat. I, 23, 17: Deo enim quem summum maximum- que venerantur Adad nomen dederunt. Eius nominis interpret- tatio significat unus unus. Hunc ergo ut potentissimum adorant Deum, and notes p. 114, that this is the God, as that servant himself by his name Abd-Hadad the one on the re- verse of p. 105 No. 4 and 5 recorded silver coins appointed priest prince of Hierapolis. The naming is fully secured by various in Bull. de Corr. Bright. VI 1882 by Hauvette-Besnault, Fouilles de Delos, Temple des dieux &trangers p. 479 — 489 Adad et Atargatis, p. 495-503, No. 12-25 communicated to the deities Inscriptions from Delos consecrated by Hierapolis. Of these is dedicated to both deities together p. 495 No. 12 B.C. 5-6 Adaroı xar Aroglyarsı Feois nrergioıs (from Achaios, son of Apollonios from Hierapolis), p. 496 No. 13 B.C. 4—5 ’4Adarwı xal Arogyarci nergioıs eos; pp. 497 No. 14 v. 3 'Adaımı] show Arapyarsı; No. 15 v.3—4 N A Aragyalıı ‘ar Ade- dov, P. 498 No. 16 v.5 — 6 21 deedens er "Araolyarsı xar 'A0- xAyrudi (from Eisidoros, son of the Numenios out Hierapolis); according to Hauvette - Bernault's opinion also p. 501 No. 24 B.C. 3 a Hlio za ın Ayvn Os and p. 502 No.25 B.C. 2— 4 Au av El [") 1] [he sel navrov #garovvuı | zai Mmroi Meyalyı ımı navıav | xo@tovVonı. Addendum to “Remarks on some coins from Cohen, Mionnet et al.” No. XVI (Ztschr. f. N. Vol. XIII). To that about The view of Demeter as a healing goddess was noted cf. man

99 _W. Drexler: About some coins issued by Sabatier. also two by Warwick Wroth, Telesphoros at Dionysopolis, Journal of Hellenic Studies IV 1883 p. 161—162 No. 2 and 3 described coins from Dionysopolis Phrygiae, which contain one the head of Julia Domna, the other with that of Julia in Obvers, whose lapel shows: “Goddess, veiled and wearing crown, standing facing, holding a torch in each uplifted hand; on her right, Telesphoros standing, facing.” — “This divinity is pro- bably Demeter, worshiped perhaps under a local form.” W. Drexler.

On the collection of Bavarian coinage law. Emperor Friedrich IH grants Duke Ludwig IX the Rich zu Landshut and his descendants the right in Burghausen, Landshut or Ingolstadt Hungarian ducats or guilders Rhine. to let your feet beat. Neustadt am Eritag in front of $t. Jacobi 1464. We Fridrich, by God's grace, Roman Emperor to all times Merer of the empire etc. confess and make known publicly with this letter to everyone who sees or hears it read etc. The useful and faithful services of the Vnns and the holy realm of the high-born Lutwig Pfallzgrave near Rein vnd Hertzog in Bairn from our dear Ohaim and Prince open and dint- done willingly etc. And then we have with good intentions and good advice from our princes, Noble, trustworthy and right know, the same our Ohaim and princes from special ones by grace and for honest reasons permitted and permitted He and his heirs are now for the Vungarian ducats or Rhenish ducats Guilders in the Stat Burkhausen, Landshut or Ingolstadt if vnd to well time etc like offt They want coins etc slahen let like, yes under the display of your coat of arms, with names, the Weckhen and Leon, all that the Leo on ainer from the Weckhen on the other side of the guilders and so on vm the Leon outside is written in Latin, maynung this Words, Lutwig Pfalzgrav bei Rein, then from the Weckhen, Hertzog in Nidern and Obern Bairn and after the same Duke Ludwig dead of the Lord from Bairn names the everything then in crafft des Brifes coins will be given according to the intended words. It's solen also the same guilders 69 be Vungerisch Ducatten or Reinisch,

94 J.V..Kull: in weight and become same its the Vungarian ducats or Rhenish guilders which are currently in the holy place Rich enough and born, and that the difference may be made understand how many guilders are on the Vungarian ducats or rice niche karart and will be minted and sledged, then he shall guilders which is sown on the Vungarian grain ain R der Guilders on the Ducatten become a L and the Reinisch Guilder ain G on the spot there is the Leo always being beaten etc. — Give to Neuenstat on Eritag Sendt Jacobi evening after Christ purified in the fourteen hundred and sixty-fourth, Our kingdom of the Roman in the twentieth fifth, of the empire in in the thirteenth year and of the Vungarian in the sixth year. (As a copy. K. general Reich Archives. Munich.) The care that the Bavarian. Archives for several years Decades were devoted and the resulting activity of professionally trained and intelligent officials, has as for all branches of science, so also in relation to this Numerous archival documents emerged from the hiding places in the field of coinage gets and the same shown to their correct place. Neither J.G.v. Lori') nor Joh. Chr. Hirsch?) had from our original knowledge of how Frederick III granted Ludwig IX's freedom to coin coins. wanted further knowledge, and yet is concerned about the authenticity of the letter all the less to doubt as Hirsch 1. c. Tom. I. p. 128 a A similar document, also dating from Neustadt, is recorded, with what the emperor a month earlier the city Nuremberg favored. Meanwhile, Duke Ludwig benefits from the emperor's privilege IX at Landshut (1451-1479) as well as his successor George I the Rich (1479-1503) Use made. First It was Duke Albert IV the Wise, Munich line who after the reunification of the Bavarian states in 1506 began, alongside groschen, half-batzen, pfenningen and hellers, Gold guilders shape to leave without imperial permission 1) Collection of the Bavarian. Coinage law. 2) The German Reich Coin Archive.

On the collection of Bavarian coinage law. 95 and without remembering the letter of grace'), which Frederick III. the Duke of Lower Bavaria and his successors to New city had it made. The Munich gold guilders from 1506 have the obverse four-field Bayern shield with the inscription ALBERTI AVRVM BAVARIE (sic) DVCIS and the kneeling Duke in the lapel the Madonna with: OÖ MARIA ORA PRO ME, during the in Question coming gold guilders or ducats the pictures lion - Awaken and the legend: LVDWIG PFALZGRAF BEI RHEIN — HERZOG IN UPERN VND LOWER BAIERN prescribed were. This clearly speaking transcription and the clearly presented The pictures drawn are the ones that are important to coin science a service prove, when they received the allocation of gold guilders the Palatinate Louise to the Dukes of Lower Bavaria As has often happened before, this name will make it impossible in the future. With regard to the characteristics of the Bavarian dukes in the XII. XIV and XV Century, the following clues may be noted- find solution: 1. The Dukes from Upper and Lower Bavaria have from Started in 1180 until 1506 only Pfenninge and Heller have (halves) minted, 2. These stamps are mainly distributed to the following mints: a) Pfennings of the dukes jointly with the bishops schofen zu Regensburg in Regensburg characterized by Otto I F 1183 — Otto IH 71312. Compare upper mayer?), Beierlein®) Schratz*). b) Pfenninge with the monk's head (Munich) of Ludwig I 'the Strict 7 1294 - Albert IV 1506 7 1508. " D) Comparisons: Suggestions and advice regarding a new coin order in Bavaria, Lori I p. 106ff. 2) Hist. Message from Bayer. Coins. 3) The Bavarian coins d. H. Wittelsbach. S. there also because of d. follow. 4) The convention coins of the Dukes of Bavaria etc.

J. V. Kull: On the collection of Bavarian coinage law. c) Pfenninge with the Panther (Ingolstadt) from Hein- Rich I of Lower Bavaria + 1290 - Stephen III dem Knob j 1413. d) Pfenninge with the helmet (Landshut) of Friedrich I + 1393 – Louis IX the Elder Rich 7 1479. Pfenninge with the dog with tree (Neuötting) from Henry I of Lower Bavaria + 1290 - George I dem Range T 1503. Pfenninge with the plow (Straubing). Insignificant ones Characteristics of Johann IV and Sigmund I around 1460. According to Beierlein 168-171 also Rautenschild - 8. Pfennings from the Brunnen mint. Probably rough tenschild (as part of the city coat of arms) - larger letter. Compare Beierlein 124 and accordingly 93-9. Pfenninge for the Upper Palatinate areas (Lauf, Sulzbach) and the mints same name. Type different. Diamond shield predominates. After the respective property is jointly shaped by Otto V d. Finner + 1379, Stephen III d. Knob + 1413. Friedrich I Landshut 7 1393, Johann II Munich + 1397, Louis VII d. Beard. Ingolstadt } 1447, Ernst I Munich + 1438. Compare Beierlein, Fikentscher'), Kirchner’). Everyone has a (own) right to coin money Only the city of Regensburg was minted. All gold guilders minted before 1506, with Bavarian sign and described with LVDWIG or STEPHAN, nn the Elector and Count Palatine near the Rhine. 1) The coin discovery of Dillenberg ete. — Mid. d. B.N.G. V 5. 23ff. 2) The Mailach find. Ibid. 8.75. T7ff. Munich. I NV CKMLL

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. I The silver discovery at the Krinkberg (Schenefeld parish) in Holstein. Carolingian denarii are in the Nordic empires, in Norway, Sweden and Denmark repeated, although always only found in small numbers: at Lyslo near Indviken in the Norwegian office Nordre Bergenhus, alongside various Jewelry and necklaces a denarius of Charlemagne from Melle (Montelius, fräniernaldern. Stockh. 1869. $S. 28); to Hoen in the parish of Eger in the Norwegian office of Buskeruds with jewelry, seven Abbasid denarii, four Byzantine niche solids and a coin from Archbishop Wulfred von Canterbury two gold coins of Louis the Pious, one from Arles, the other two with the inscription: MVNVS DIVINVM and of the latter one with a soldered, grained one triple bordered, and each with a gold-plated denarius Pipin of Aquitaine and the Emperor Lothair I (Holmboe, de- scriptio ornamentorum maximam partem auriorum et numorum saeculi VIII et IX in praedio Hoen in parochia Eger anni 1835 mense Augusto repertorum. Christian. 1835; cf. Grote, leaves for Coin Studies II, 13); to Moksner in the parish of Frosta in Norway A denarius of Charlemagne was brought to the office of the Northern Reign of the Throndhjem the emperor's head within the inscription: + DN -KARLVS IMP AVG REX FETL. and the inscription XPICTIANA RELIGIO on the reverse side (Montelius, $. 28. cf. catalog over den trond- hjeneske samling, p. 22); to Antagelig near Jaederen in the nor- Journal of Numiematics, XV. 7

98 Menadier: Wegischen Stavanger office next to two coins of King Coenvulf from Mercia a denarius of Louis the Pious of Rheims and a Meller and Dorestad denarius of Charlemagne or one his successors (Rych. om den yngre jernalder i Norge Arbe- ger for nordisk old kyndighed og history 1877. P. 126, No. 32; cf. Christiania Videnska Isselskateg forh. 1869. p. 87); to Salum in the parish of Thorsaker in Angermanland, Sweden bronze and silver jewelry, two Ludwig denarii of the pious with the inscription: XPISTIANA RELIGIO on the Reverse side (Montelius p. 29); to Virestad in the parish of Bösarp In Skane, Sweden, a Dorestad denarius in a tumulus Louis the Pious (Montelius p. 29); and finally in Danish Björkö one denarius of Karl of the Great and one of Ludwig's Pious (Rych. p. 132; cf. Montelius, svenske manadsblad 1873, p. 169; Stolpe, Grafundersökningar pa Björkö, Tidskr. f. Antro- polog and cultural history 1. 10. 20). In Germany it is against it As far as I know, not a single one outside the Rhineland such discovery of coins of the older Carolingians lifted been. Um That's how strange it is in 1885 Krinkberge on the Gute Drage and the Feldmark of the village Hadenfeld (Schenefeld parish, Steinburg district) in Holstein upscale silver find, which one except weapons, jewelry, nine ribbon-shaped fragments and an octagonal ingot in weight of 41% Gr. 90 denarii of Charlemagne and a denarius from Louis the Pious has included. Only in of its kind, it certainly deserves to be known to wider circles. niss to be brought about than this through the discussion of Han delmann’s in the magazine of the Society for Schles.-Holst.- Lbg. History (Vol. XVI, Antiquarian Miscellaneous No. 10: Sil- (see Krinkberg, p. 393) will be the case. Unfortunately I wasn't allowed to see the coins myself, to preserve plaster or tinfoil impressions of the same. I have to therefore refrain from adding a few illustrations, which is what I am about so more regretful than some of them even in the comprehensive one Gariel's works on the Carolingian coins (Monnaies royales 1 1 HiH h } , bih 3 L

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 99 de France sous la race Carolingienne, 2 vol.) not listed and in general are previously unknown, and I focus on it based on Handelmann's information, limit it to a short one directory to bring the coins. Charles’s coins des big ones, all of which contain Karl's name in two lines and with one exception also the inscription on the reverse side in two Carrying lines are the following: 1-6 7 8-12. 13—61 62. 63 — 67 68. 69. 70. 1—73. 14. 75. 16-178. 719. 8&0—82. 83. 84. 85. . Without label the mint with the king title. @. 2. . Chartres. G.25. Cluses. G.32. . Dorestat. Goch. G. 57. . Limburg. G. 64. Langres. The reverse side shows the name LIN GO NIS in three rows separated by lines. Safe denarii of Charles the Great. were from this city not yet known. Laon. The flip side shows the name JAV DVN in two lines separated by a dotted line, while the previously known denarii of Charles the Great. from this city the name transcribed around a cross wear. (G. 60. 61.) Lyons. G@. 69. Mainz. G. 82. Melle. G. 91. Mouzon. G. 99. Paris. G. 105. Senlis (Silvanectis). The reverse side has a cross on it the letter SAHS in the corners. (Lelewel I, 99.) 8. Me. ::G.:.126. Speier. The flip side is called SP. R between a horizontal line above and a cross below. Pictured finds yourself the coin at Cappe (The Coins of the German emperors and kings of the Middle 7*

Menadier: age II, 21. 218). Gariel I, p. 137, no. 129 doubt- felt with injustice, misled by Becker's forgeries, the presence of real pieces. 86. Vendome (?). The downside is called declining VEND in two lines separated by a dash. 87-90. Verdun G. 150. The only denarius of Louis the Pious bears on the main page the name HLV DVIR in two lines between four balls and on the downside a monogram, its resolution to me not successful (shown in v. Handelmann’s description of the find) exercise). Otherwise it is similar to Ludwig's well-known denarius from Clermont-Ferrant, and, like this one, is coming soon his appointment to the king of Aquitaine in the year 781 been minted; as well as through the existence of the whole thing Find that only contains the older denarii of Charlemagne and no the only one that later contains the king's monogram, a later origin of the same is excluded. II. The denarius discovery from Peisterwitz near Ohlau in Silesia. Just like the appearance of the Dirhems and the Hacksilver in the old coin finds for the lands south of Frankfurt on the Oder been excluded and a northern A clearer trade line has been set up, which facilitates traffic with the Orient and on which the Oriental Coins were delivered to East Germany, so far Silesia also received little attention, though it that applied to designate countries whose soil we know from the old German denarii preserved and handed down. Nevertheless, since 1867, in which the discovery of Kawallen first became known is, a by no means insignificant number of coin finds from the discovered in the tenth, eleventh and twelfth centuries and the for- been supplied, so it is probably worth the effort,

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 101 one Overview of that at the moment present material to and summarize the resulting conclusions. put. First and foremost will be the treasure that comes in the summer 1876 near Gniechwitz') near Canth 1 to 1% foot deep below the surface in a roughly 8 cm high Potty was found is. Total % pounds weighing, contained the same apart from a square, closed at one end pointed 4 cm long and a second smaller bar just small broken ones jewelry and fragments from Coins. Of these, only four belong to Regensburg's Heinrichsde- naren on while all others are of oriental origin namely one to Abu Daudid Mohammed ibn Ahmed (end- Raba. 890), one to the Buweihiden Ali 'Imädeddaula (932- 949), several to the Samanid Nasr II (913-942) and many to Nuh I (942-954). This composition, which small number of German coin fragments and the complete absence complete coins, which is also not based on a coincidence, as if on a premature unnoticed remaining distraction of the find, are clear evidence of old age of the treasure. I left it to him near the village in March 1877 Karowane?’) kept in a handleless pot in the Breslau district follow the silver discovery. The same is true before science Due to the technical processing, they are fragmented, but except for two, they are delicate Silver plates and quite numerous coin fragments which also include those of oriental dirhems, yet 97 coins Peace Castle became known and from recorded in this. 1) lynx, in the 32nd report of the Association for the Silesian Museum Antiquities. Silesia's prehistory in images and writing III, 113. — Peace castle, The Gniechwitz coin find, in the 43rd report of the association f. d. Mus. schles. Old. Schles. Prev. III, 422. — v. Businessman in negotiations the Berlin Anthropological Society 1884. 286. 2) Friedensburg, The silver find from Karowane, in the 36th report of the Ver- one f.d. Mus. schles. Old. Schles. Prev. III, 226.

102 Menadier: With the exception of a penny from the largest and oldest Art, the only North German coin, they all belong the south, except for two undetermined ones, one of the royal mint of Constanz, 1 to Bishop Erchambold of Strasbourg (965-991), 4 to Bishop Ulrich from Augsburg (923-973), 2 Bishop Henry I of Augsburg (973--982), 12 the Duke Otto of Swabia (973-982), 31 the ducal Royal coin of Regensburg, including 6 to Duke Heinrich I (948-955), 17 to Duke Henry II (955-976) and 8 to Duke Otto (976-982), 4 of the ducal mint of Salzburg, namely 2 Henry I, 1 Henry II, 1 Otto, 21 the ducal Nabburg coin: 6 Duke Henry I and 15 Duke Otto, to which 8 Bavarian replica coins are to be added, and finally- 6 to Duke Boleslaus I or Il of Bohemia (967-999), among these the pearl of the find, a denarius with the name of Boleslaus and his wife Biagota.. The rescue des treasure falls accordingly between the years 976 and 982 and should the end rather than the beginning of this period belong. Around the turn of the century will then the one in Summer 1884 on the Rittergut Rudelsdorf') in circles The silver treasure found in Nimptsch was found in the earth except 77 grams of jewelry remains and 360 gr. Broken silver 42 gr. more oriental and 126 gr. German coins contained. Under those, which in turn is continuous into small fragments shatter are fragmented, were the dynasties of the Abbasids, Samanids, Buyids and Hamdanids represented, and those in Samarkand and Shash-minted coins are the youngest. Among these formed the denarii that are not present in the two older finds King Otto III and his grandmother and guardian Adel- Heid is the main component with 67 pieces. Only in individual cases There were also Ottonian denarii from designated mints 1) E. Bahrfeldt, The coin find from Rudelsdorf, in the Numismatic Sphra- historical gazette XVII, 7. 53. (Hanover, July 20, 1886.)

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 103 represented, namely Magdeburg (1 hour), Hildesheim (1), Mainz (6, including 1 Obol), Cologne (6 from Otto I and 1 from Otto ID, Strassburg (Dbg. 1375), and also Duke Heinrich I v. Bavaria with only one and Henry II with 2 denarii. Besides, but contained the discovery of 8 pennies of the oldest variety (Dbg. 1325 and 1329), of which the Karowane find is only one Representative had, as well as a penny from the younger ones Imitation of the Magdeburg denarii minted type and finally 2 of the small bracteates, those common Polish original jump is attributed. The silver treasure found in: Autumn 1867 in a field near Kawallen') in the Trebnitz district a foot deep in the ground in a sharply shaped and shaped burned urn unearthed and as the first of the Such a find received attention and scientific treatment has. In accordance with the previously discussed According to the findings, it initially contained jewelry Silver filigree and some unprocessed silver pieces, raw like them out come to the melting pot. A big one Difference but between this and that is that from tomorrow- country coins just 10 fragments were present, from one of which belonged to the Samanids Nüh bin Nasr (942-954), another calls the Samanid Abd al-Matik bin Nüh (954-961), and other hacksilver was missing at all. Among those recorded 330 coins are almost two thirds, namely 204 pieces Denarii of Otto III and Adelheid, in large numbers as well the Wendenpfennigs are represented, of which 7 are the older ones and 24 are the younger species represented. Distribute the remaining German coins apart from 6 undetermined ones, with 1 piece on Quedlinburg, 3 on Bernhard I of Saxony, 3 on Dortmund, 2 on Deventer, 1) Luchs, About the Kawallen coin find, in the ninth report of the Ver- one for the Museum of Silesian Antiquities. Silesia's prehistory in pictures and Scripture I, 144. — Friedländer, The Kawallen Silver Find, Coins and Jewelry buried around 1010 AD birth. Eleventh report d. Ver. f.d. Mus. d. schles. Old. Schles. Prev. I, 171.

104 Menadier: on Cologne, 18 on Mainz, one of which was dedicated to King Henry II belonged, the rest are Ottonian, 4 on Worms, 2 on Speier, 1 on Würzburg, 1 on Bamberg, 1 to Bishop Luitolf of Augsburg, 1 on Constanz, 5 on Strasbourg, of which 2 King Otto and Bishop Widerold, 3 King Henry II name, 16 (namely 13 from Duke Henry IV and 3 from the same as King Henry II) on Regensburg, 9 on the Bohemian Dukes Boleslaus and finally 1 on Verona. Another thing worth mentioning about foreign coins is a sterling ling of King Ethelred II of England, a French denarius, an Ottonian coin yon Pavia and a denarius of the emperor Traian. Compared to the older finds, this one stands out whose time was represented by the 7 denarii of King Henry II, who on none the same is called emperor, than between the The years 1002 and 1013 are determined by a large diversity of its inventory. More than a generation lies between this and one others joined a little later near Kawallen Schimmerau') plowed find, for the time of its burial a sterling of the King's Harthaknut with wild inscriptions the government years of the same, 1039-1041, determined as terminus post quem, although all other coins from the time of Emperor Conrad II lying on. Most numerous are also in this find Otto-Adelheid denarii represented with 26 pieces, which the Connect the turning pennies in a number of 23 pieces. In addition, the find only contained 5 Cologne denarii from Otto III, a feral one Regensburg coin from Henry II, one Salzburg denarius from Archbishop Hartwich (991-1023) and Duke Adalbero of Carinthia (1012-1035), a Bohemian Boleslavsdenar with the face of the Savior, 9 German replicas coins with wild characters and inscriptions and finally 3 Sterlinge Ethelred's II. Oriental coins, hacks 1) Friedländer, The silver find from Schimmerau. Silesia's prehistory in Image and writing I, 177.

1 Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 105 silver and jewelry are not included in the find been. He will be around the same age or just a little younger 1800 gr. significant find, which Friedländer') during the investigation speaking of the previously unknown coins contained in it was considered to come from the province of Posen, but due to a subsequent lich those in the files of the Royal Mint Cabinet Note attached to the description of the find as in Wättrisch in the circle Nimptsch found is marked by him. Friedlander in general I do not agree that a coin find is only valid to the extent that it contains rare or completely unknown coins, a general one interest and determined by a printed directory hold deserve to be, I believe this find in the In the present context, there is widespread knowledge about that Inedita having to attach importance and being obliged to Based on Friedländer’s manuscript, an exact find inventory to follow as far as circumstances permit. The main ingredient of the find the turning pennies with 144 pieces and the Otto-Adelheid denarii with 76 pieces. The rest came from the duchy Saxony 15 coins, namely: Bernhard v. Saxony. Dbg. 585 (2 pcs), 587 (1 pc), 590 (6 pcs). Hildesheim. Dbg. 7106, but with the deviation, that There is a ball in two angles of the cross. Dortmund. Dbg. 749. Hiadmerus. Dbg. 1291 (3 pcs.), 1366. Friesland was only represented with 3 denarii: Thiel. Dbg. 579. Deventer. Dbg. 563 (2 pcs). The duchy Lorraine had 16 coins contributed, including: Trier. Dbg. 461. 1) Friedländer, A silver find made in the province of Posen. Magazine f. Number VIII, 149.

Menadier: Cologne. Dbg. 331 b (2 good and 5 wild pieces), 333 b (2 pcs), 381. 382 (Erzb. Piligrimm 1 pc each). Maestricht. Dbg. 242. Verdun. Dbg. 92 (3 pcs). The find only contained 5 coins from Franconia: Mainz. Dbg. 785 (2 pcs), 788 (2 pcs), 802 (1 pc). There were 6 coins of Swabian origin, namely: Strasbourg. Dbg. 918, 922. From Bishop Widerold: Dbg. 936, Dbg. 940 with the inscription: OTTO IMP (AV)eE. From Bishop Alwich: Dbg. 942. Augsburg, Bishop Bruno. Dbg. 1027 with the name of Mint master WI. Regensburg denarii of King Henry II with his Heads were represented in large numbers. One of them carried the font: RTIS BVCIZO and a cross in the first and third Angle three balls, in the second a wedge and in the fourth one wears stripes; another the transcription: RTIVS CANNO about the same thing cross; Most of them, however, have illegible labels. Also found Regensburg denarii without the head in large number. There were 18 ducal Bohemian coins, namely: Boleslaus II Prague denarius of the English type with the name of the mint master OMERIZ. Voigt, description d. bohemian. Coins I, p. 123 (1 piece). Bracislaus. Denarius with two standing Figures. Voigt |], P. 123, No. 1(8'8t.) Denarius with a bird. Voigt I, p. 243, no. 3 (5 pcs.). Denarius with a rider. Lelewel, Numismatique you moyenage. t. XXI, 10 (1 p.). Denarius with the standing Duke and St. Wenceslas. Voigt 1, p. 243, No. 6 (5 8t.). Denarius with the crescent-shaped one in horse heads endings ornament. Voigt I, $. 243, #2 (2 pcs).

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 107 Denarius with the hand and the English crosshairs. Lelewel t. XXIV, 2 (1 p.). Under the indefinite one German coins is initially one copy by Dbg. to name 1240, on the MIXAHLE CONS ////!/ is to be read. — Another shows on the main page the bust of the Savior reaching to the bottom edge with a cross in the nimbus and on the reverse side next to a on the other two small heads with a halo from the front and a third smaller saint's head above between them. — A third has a head of on the main page in front, which probably does not represent the Savior, and on the sweeping the letters across the middle of the page: CCNO, while from Nothing can be seen from the rest of the print. — A fourth leaves around one after right dexterous Head the transcription remains: + IIMP//////O and on the flip side: //// RCIPM////// around a cross recognize in the field. — Finally belongs here too the one from Obol depicted by Friedlander and described as Wendish the Carolingian monogram, but whose factory is different which is so different from the other Wendenpfennigs that I unable to include this in them. As usual, the non-German coins are Saxon on most numerous represented, namely from King Ethelred 1: Canterbury. Duda, (Hildebrand no. 137, typ. B. 2). Dover. Godman (H. no. 406, type A). Lyme. Leofrie (H. no. 1606, typ. ©). Lincoln. Justan (H. no. 1792, type A). Lincoln. Osgut (H. no. 1831, type D). London. Lyfine (H. no. 2824, type D). Standford. Aelfget (H. typ. C). Yiltu. Boga (H. typ. C). as well as a fragment with BRINT /////// ORD on the reverse side a small cross can be read in the field, and from King Cnut: Gloucester. Godric (H. no. 972, typ. G).

Menadier: Lincoln. Osferd (H. no. 1677, typ. G). Lincoln. Osgot (H. no. 1684, typ. G). Southwark. Aedelwin (H. no. 3389, typ. E). and besides two wild denarii and numerous small ones Fragments. Three Italians also come from the West Coins, namely: a whole copy and a fragment of the denarius Otto's III of Pavia and a fragment of the denarius of Verona (Lelewel, plate XIV, 45). To the east of the place where it was found, one finds its home Polish coin, which appeared in the Berlin papers for coins, seals and and Heraldry II, 14, 1 depicted denarius of Mesico 1. Then is considered the rarest coin of the entire find to call a sharply defined fragment, about a quarter, the coin of the Russian Grand Duke Jaroslav Vladimirovich (1016-1054), depicted in Chaudoir, Monnaies russes II, 1, 3; in the Berlin magazine for coinage, seals and heraldry sen 009 uf. A) 1u 2 Goal N 2 etc Ow VIII, 149. Just a small fragment with only the top one on it Line: — --- — to read is Byzantine and belongs to one BASIL Coin of Emperors Basil II and Constantine XI. The only complete dirhem is after the determination of Professor Erman of the Abbasid Caliph el Qähir to Baghdad in 322 d. Escape or minted in 934 AD. A fragment names the Zijarid Bistun ibn Washmegir (around 970), another to Abu-Daudid Mohammed ibn Ahmed (around 880). Several other small fragments sama- Nidian and probably also Buweihid coins let the Don't recognize the coin lord. The decision finally forms also here an ancient Roman one coin, a denarius of Domitian with that on the throne lying lightning.

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 109 The youngest of all these coins are the Bohemian denarii Duke Bretislav, whose reign dates from 1037 to 1055 falls. This determines the burial time of the find, and since six different types are represented, it is likely not to place the same in the very first years of the same be laid. Bretislav's second son, Wratislaw II, who lived in... Years 1061 - 1092 when duke and king ruled over Bohemia, belong the youngest coins of what is now to be discussed find, who joined in September 1880 in the Waldauer Flur Liegnitz') near Lake Pansdorf, in an earthen one Vessel has been lifted and is spherical from a few pounds melted silver, fragments of silver jewelry and more 800 denarii consisted. Constituting more than half of the latter, The turning pennies of the younger varieties count 450 pieces, and Among these are the pennies with the CRVX VERA interpreted transcription in 103, as well as the one with the transcription CRVX on both sides in 80 pieces the most numerous. The number the 25 denarii of Otto III and Adelheid is compared to the mass representation in the older finds an on- falling low. Distribute the remaining 105 German coins as far as a determination is possible, on Verdun (2: Conrad II, Bishop Richard), Metz (1), Brussels (1), Mastricht (1), Duis- burg (1), Cologne (10), Andernach (1), Xanten (1), Trier (1), Frisian country (1: Conrad II FRESONIA), Leuwarden (1), Utrecht (1), Deventer (7), Wichmann from Hameland (1), Dortmund (1), Minden (1, Dbg. 728), Hildesheim (1), Goslar (1), Magdeburg (1), Bernhard I and II of Saxony (10), Hiadmerus (1), Erfurt (1), Mainz (11), Würzburg (3), Eichstädt (1), Regensburg (Heinrich V and VI 1 each) and Nabburg (Heinrich II and IV 1 each). Except- This includes 6 Anglo-Saxon coins from Ethelred II, Canute and Harthacknut to lead; Poland is with one denarius each des 1) Glatz, the Waldau coin find. Sheets for coin lovers V, 1882. Col. 881 fe.

110 Menadier: Boleslaus Chrobry and Casimir I represented; among the Bohemian Coins are one from Duke Ulrich (1012-1037), 17 of Braecislaus, 9 from Spithignew and 6 from Wratislaus; But these are the most numerous of all non-German coins representing the Hungarians, 40 of which go to St. Stephen (1000-1038), 1 Samuel, 2 to Peter and 52 to the king Andrew I (1049-1060). At the same time the recovery of the boat took place in the autumn of 1880 (Polish Wartenberg!) unearthed little treasure to relocate, next to 20 pennies (Dbg. 1335, 36, 38, 51) a denarius from Deventer (Dbg. 563), one from Worms (Dbg. 844 a), two from Mainz (Dbg. 790, 801), one from Würz- castle (Dbg. 859), a Regensburg resident of Henry IV, some Bohemian denarii, under them one of Bracislaus with the riding duke, a denarius of Otto I of Moravia (1061 - 1086), several of the Hungarian kings Stephen I, Andrew I and Bela I (1060-1063), as well as some Anglo-Saxon coins apparently from Ethelred II. Also the discovery of screams?) near Beuthen an der Oder proves himself as one that came down to us from the same time remnant, since he is next to many hundreds the small turning pfennigs (Stronezynski, typ. 12 h. 13) four denarii of Boleslaus II of Poland (Stronez. 14), whose government (1058-1079) was of Duke Wratislaus II of Bohemia is at the same time and in its beginning with the outcome of King Andrew I of Hungary collapses. In which complete absence German denarii is the same The treasure was last found in the area in 1884 from Grottkau°) lifted is, at a total number from 1900 coins only small pennies and Polish denarii 1) Peace Castle, Silesian coin finds. In the association's 44th report Silesian antiquities. Silesia's prehistory in images and writing II, 486 f., No. 10. 2) Dannenberg, The coins of the Saxon and Frankish royal time. p. 59. 3) Letter from Court Assessor Friedensburg.

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 111 (Stronezynski, type 39, 40, 47) contained, and through a single denarius of Duke Boriwoi of Bohemia (1100-1107) is referred to the beginning of the twelfth century. Finally, the youngest of all Silesian denarius finds is Find of Glogau'), which lasted for three quarters of a century derte from the previous one separate, next to a large one number of denarii also a bracteate of Miesko III from Poland (1173-1202), and thus already the age belongs to the Bracteates. Is that just a small number of finds for? a period of time from two hundred years, like he the eldest separates from the most recent find, and certainly only a certain small fraction?) of what was formerly entrusted to the earth and has been removed from her again: That's how it is preserved Material in Silesia is no less than in any other province, and are we not only able to the same an insight into the development of monetary transactions Silesia from the middle of the tenth to the middle of the twelfth century, those in Silesia circulating coins and the To obtain the size of the capital in minted money, but rather same is so complete that in this regard we draw a much more detailed insight into future 1) Stronczynski, 2) Peace Castle counts in Silesia's prehistoric times in writing and image III, p. 487 fg. three remains from the 11th century. on those acquired through him most significant from 1877 with an obol from Dietrich von Metz (Dbg. 21), two denarii from Duisburg (Dbg. 311), one Dortmund (Dbg. 756) and a denarius of Bernhard of Saxony (Dbg. 583 a), three denarii from Deventer (Dbg. 562, 563), a Cologne replica coin, an Otto Adelheid denarius, several old-style Wendepfennigs and some Anglo-Saxon ones denarii; a second from 1878 with a denarius from Cologne (Dbg. 331), of Bishop Bernward I of Hildesheim (Dbg. 711), of Worms (Dbg. 845), Adelheiddenarien and Wendenpfennigen of the Magdeburg type; a third from 1879 with various types of Adelheid denarii. According to a letter from Mr. Friedensburg In addition to these there is a fourth from 1882 with small turning pennies (Dbg. 1335) and an Obol (Dbg. 1185), and finally a fifth with turning pennies of the same type and an imitation of the denarius Dhg. 428.

112 Menadier: Hardly found can expect. First of all, this teaches us isolated occurrences of Roman denarii in these finds that we also have to make a difference for monetary history between the Silesian land and the Slavic inhabitants the same, and that that already dates back to a long time ago could look back on the first era of trade and money transactions, than these the value and meaning of money is still complete was unknown. Because these are hardly denarii were blown up for coins, which were constantly in circulation have to hold, but rather about those who at the time of Roman trade fell into ruin and behind have been found again. But the Silesians are unknown the first half of the tenth century with the money resulting from the dismemberment of the dirhems given to them by the oriental Trade was the first to reintroduce coins, a procedure that only among peoples without their own coinage and without an older one Commercial transactions are possible. Through the whole East German The hacksilver finds are widespread across the country a fixed limit on the German-Slavic divide; in the German lands are the dirhems until they are melted down and recoined certainly only been in circulation as full pieces, and in accordance with The mood is also increasing in use in the Slavic countries of hacksilver in the growth of German influence and German trade. In the oldest finds they are only southern German, Swabian, Bavarian and Bohemian Denarii, which appear next to the cut-up dirhems and mostly fate this one share. The first North German coin, which in the Silesian finds occurs, is a Wendenpfennig with the Carolingian temple, where we doubtful to see any new evidence that these with sole exception of the find by Paretz always occurring coin genre indeed the oldest coin the ancient Saxons. As soon as you get to the exit of the ten- th century the Otto Adelheid denarii. occur, are it these and the turning pennies, which keeps money moving for a long time

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 113 through time almost completely master and always the make up by far the largest part of the finds. Also in other respects For a long time, the North German coins dominated the coins southern Germans with the exception of the Bohemian ones. From outside Germany Initially only the Anglo-Saxon coins are considered, there the Italian always just isolated occur and the French almost completely missing. In the second half The German coins begin in the eleventh century to resign behind those of Eastern Europe, Bohemia, Moravia, Hungary and Poland, and in the most recent denarius discoveries they are no longer represented at all. This was to be said in advance of what happened recently in Silesia. raised denarius finds to assign a fixed position and his to be able to appreciate the full meaning, because he does teach nothing new regarding the circumstances that have just developed, $0 Nevertheless, it is one of the more important Silesian finds, and owns he besides Importance through the appearance rare coins, the ones so far yet not generally appreciated are, in some cases, not yet a fixed determination experienced have. In the summer of 1886 it is in the churchyard in the village of Peisterwitz near Ohlau an urn with a silver treasure of about 3% pounds weight lifted, After a short show what E. Bahrfeldt related to the find in the “numismatic-sphra- the first The owner of the same, the church council of Peisterwitz him sold to an antique dealer in Wroclaw). Of this has 1) According to a letter, the church council of Peister- joke for the entire find 175 marks, which is exactly the value of the silver received payment for the same. Only an insignificantly smaller sum, 140 marks, The Royal Coin Cabinet has a small selection of 32 coins, paid in coin fragments. For 100 marks the Museum für Völker- customer purchased the small jewelry. The Bohemian Boleslaus denarii are tripled in an exchange transaction with the addition of 100 marks Pomeranian Thaler and one Guldenthaler Joachim's II, coins from 600 marks according to market value, considered equivalent. The 990 grams Journal of Numismatics. XV, 8

114 Menadier: It was acquired by Mr. Banker Hahlo'), who gave me all of it mass for scientific processing and selection for handed over to the coin collection of the Royal Museums. About two thirds of it consisted of so-called Hacksilver, fragments of coins and debris from jewelry objects. Total 157.3 gr. outweighing, belong to the latter partly fragments of clasps with punched ornaments, partly Pom-poms and earrings with filigree jewelry, some silver pieces of wire and chains of various strengths, which represent the denarius Finds from the tenth and eleventh centuries are mostly added and are generally declared to be Arabic°). Under the out Hacksilver formed from coins form the Arabic dirhems as in other finds from the provinces of Silesia and Posen Partly minimal, the main mass, namely 377.5 gr. Except- These are fragments of Bohemian coins with 150 gr., from Wendenpfennigen with 92 gr., from Otto-Adelheiddenaren with 77.7 gr., from Polish bracteates with 32 gr., from Bavarian Denarii with 30 gr. and from North German coins with 26.5 gr. represent. A remainder of 165 gr. I don't have to determine was able to. The intact coins, 540 in number, are one Half of German, half (315) of Bohemian origin; just few strange coins are the same mixed in. All of them are already known and with one exception Hacksilver are melted down and have at least also 100 marks introduced. The 200 German coins are finally available in numismatic form Price lists should and should be awarded at least one mark each The Otto Adelheid denarii also migrated into the melting pot, This still results in at least 100 marks. 1) Five denarii, which were listed in the list are, the church council of Peisterwitz kept them as a souvenir. hold. There are also said to be 42 grams of hacksilver and jewelry, including a Bohemian denarius, may have come into the possession of a gold miner from Breslau. 2) The jewelry is suitable, especially since it is nothing new or offer excellent, not too illustrations in this magazine. I miss- Therefore, please refer to the illustrations of the same images provided by Friedländer. like finds in the Obrzycko and Kawallen finds.

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 115 Dannenberg's extensive works about the German coins the Saxon and Franconian imperial period described and formed: it is therefore sufficient to briefly label them with the numbers designate, under those they can be found there. It's them following: Otto III and Adelheid. De loR,... no man... 2... ae go HERE... 4 ee 1) In order to show our specialists with a clear example which There is a value to be attached to the weighing of individual coins, I have taken this into account The effort was made to weigh 120 well-preserved Otto Adelheid denarii. It er- The weight fluctuated between 0.95 and 1.90 grams. and although weighed: 0.95 gr. 2 pcs. 1.11 gr. 2 pcs. 1.22 gr. 3 pcs 1.82 gr. 3 pcs U Rn Nope N, 128 has. 3 Bo, Lan Ka well, 9. 02 1, Dar ul 1.25.02, It 0 U 0 Leo Con u RN. 02 4, N Ben 0) Red EN 1080.09, Bao 3; I 188 0.4, 1.10 » 2 ” 1.30 ” l ” 1.39 ” 3 ” 1dlnıı.09 5 8*+

Menadier: Dbg. 1167 d Further variants of Dil 1167: Five balls in the church portal . . Vertical lines in the church portal AA on the part of the church . AT on the part of the church ® 0 on the side of the church L to the side of the church ODD® in the cross angles ODDO into the pan. DD DD o (6) o ° in the cross angles } Dbg. 1169. Obol. (Weight 0.66 and 0.61 gr) Dbg. 1171 . replica coins replica coin. Obol. -.- m m Dy m m ww on Magdeburg. . Dbe. 639 . . 2 2.2.2 ....2 whole and 4 fragments. Variants of DBG. 639: Vertical lines in the church portal . . . . .. ». 08 3. inscription: DADDAVEX .. .. 2.2.0. 0000. and Dbe: Ball. »Dbol. . . . NE WA . Dbg. 643. Obol. (Weight 0.66 in). ee 1.46 1.47 1.48 1.49 Five shillings chosen at will, i.e. h. 60 denarii, weighed 82.1 grams; a second equal number 81.1 gr. vovvPp- n+.%M ”

24. [SS] [s} 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 117 Quedlinburg. Dbg. 613 2 pcs. Hildesheim. 2 EDE. 106... 0.0... tea Bo Mundburg. Dbe. 719 . 1: St, Dortmund. Dbe. 143... ........4 whole and 2 fragments. BR. na le 2 a 1 8t. . Subsequent coins for Dbg. 743 u, Cologne. De, 929 . 4 pieces '=Dbe. 3298... L% 'sDng, 381 25 Dbg. 335 Le . Dbg. 342 EL. . Subsequent coin for Dbg. 3290 N, Maestricht. Dbg. 239 1 8t, Mainz. BDA, TU. 2. .2.0.2.20..20. 12 Blend 2 Beuchenere Dbg. 778 it Dee 2 pcs, ..NCl. City wall with four towers. — .OIM., Cross with a ball and a lily in everyone Angle. (Zincographic Figure No. 9) r.., Subsequent coins for Dbg. 777 4" Replica coin with a recessed X in the church He,

Menadier: Würzburg. . Dbe. . Dbg. Strasbourg. Bishop Altwich. . Dbg. 941. ...TOIMPA... Crowned Bust portrait after left. — ... WICVSEPS Church. (zincogra- phical illustration no. 8). . . Constance. 'Replica coins out the Constanz area. Ver- confused inscriptions around a head on one side, a high church gable on the other side . Basel. Regensburg. Dbg. 1063 a . Dbg. 1063. VVI in the temple Deodorant etc... 2... . Dbg. 1064. ADA in the temple DB. 1064c | 2. a Dbg. 1068a. ELLI in the temple Dbg. 1068c. VV in the temple DEN On S.R N N u Dbg. 1069e. In the first three angles of the cross two points are arranged, during the fourth La Re a 3... Dbe: 10692. ECC In the Temple. . Ie. 10718 DDe. LOTEE NO O8 cn No Lee £ DD Ben m pr nn RI Regensburg type replica coins. N °..-- FHIIIVS- In the Temple MMO — +CVIS . NIDHV -

60. 61. 62. 69. 64. 69. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. U: 12. Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. Cross with a ball in the first and third, one Ringel in the second and with an empty fourth angle . CV IVOVTAS In the Temple ECCO — QAVXVIIMEH///X - Cross with a ringlet in the fourth, a ball in the remaining angles .OIVIVV..so In the temple OM - DH NEM. Cross with a ball in the second and third, a ringlet in the fourth and with an empty first angle Unrecognized inscription around the temple. — HvY.LH OH vu Cross with a ball in the four angles Nabburge. Dbg. 1117 LO SDR En Dbg. 1117. There are two balls in the cross angles arranged . +. NADAJITA® In the temple VVI — HEMRICVs DVX Cross with three balls in the first, second and fourth and empty third angle DB: 1118. . Turning pennies. Bbe::1325... 2. Dbe. 1325. . Obol.. Dbg. 1326 Dbg. 1329 Indeterminate German coin. Church. — Cross with a ball and a cross at every angle ; Two unminted coin plates. 119 180 The Bohemian coins has Dannenberg from his approach Collection of German coins excluded, although Bohemia in numismatic terms yet far more as in is otherwise to be considered a subsidiary country of the German Empire. So far, no one has found this among all of them

120 Menadier: the most desirable addition to that work, or even with an edit of the Bohemian coin system delivered a work throughout the Middle Ages, that of the Germans Coin research around so indispensable is, than the Bohemian Coinage is not only based on the German, in especially to what Bayersche has developed, but afterwards repeatedly fertilizing and transforming the coin and money industry beings the neighboring German lands. The now already Description of the over a century old bohemian Coins of the Adauctus Voigt!) is enough for a long time no longer available, and neither the overview provided by Cappe?), still Hanka's) Compilation suffice entitled on- demands. Far from somehow having a solid foundation varied illustrations and precise descriptions of the coins and secure provisions of the mint lords all of them at least for the tenth century only one unseen mess. In addition, the descriptions slide of coin finds containing Bohemian coins, usually quickly over this, and Jazdzewski also does so much in it a laudable exception that he received in his description of the Finds from Jarutschin') the Boleslaus denarii even the main thing are, then the same has but not, as far as me at least, if you don't know Polish, you can tell from the writing can be reached beyond the finds in order to create a solid one Order and determination of the coins. I see I am therefore forced to compare the individual coins by reproducing them 1) Adauctus Voigt a St. Germano, description of the previously known Bohemian coins in chronological order... I. Prague 1771. 2) cap, The oldest Coins Bohemia, in particular those of the first Christian dukes and kings from Boleslav I to Wenceslaus II. In the communications the numismatic Society in Berlin, 1846. B:88, 3) V. Hanka, Popsäni i vyobrazeni Ceskych minci. Patmätky archaeo- logick@ a mistopisne. Il. Praze 1857. 4) W. Jazdzewski, Wykopalisko iarocinskie and Mianowicie monety Boles- lawow czech. Poznan, 1879.

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 121 to briefly describe the transcriptions and names of the embossed images "), how unpleasant such a thing is with the countless different stamps units and the multiple distortions of the transcriptions too is, and the allocation of these to certain mint owners to justify thoroughly. The particular difficulty Order in the Bohemian ones Creating coin series in our collections is based, as with the Bavarian, in the same name of three consecutive ones dukes, the three Boleslaus. Overcoming them is the way to go If necessary, use coin series of the same type from other minters. pull and in this way a chronological series of to produce different types. Some things like that already in the Bavarian coins, the ducal Bohemian as a pattern have served’), been set up; but come these only be considered for individual genera and also leave too much scope for this. But in part they are can be found in the Bohemian coins, which are other mint owners name the aforementioned Dukes of Prague as their authors, and with the necessarily closer connection, the one between the Coins of the same country, these must have a firmer hand have grant, than those. For this reason, the following are against the custom of systematic descriptions of finds, the Boles lausdenare relegated to the end, and is the rest of the Bohemian Mix coins from the find are given priority over them. So I continue the list of coins with those of Sobeslaus of Lubic, the brother of Saint Adalbert, by selling all of this prince's coins that I know of Finds existing series. 13. +: ZOBEZ//////AVVMAO Bust portrait with cross staff to the left. — r MA////I/CIVITA Hand of God between O and @. (Plate V, 4.) 1) I have shown all types for cost reasons unfortunately have to do without. 2) Friedensburg, The silver find from Karowane. Silesia's prehistory in Image and writing III, 231.

Menadier: 73a. + ZOBEZLAVINARA bust with cross staff to the left. — * MALIN CIVITA Hand of God between O and @. Off the find by Magnuszewiez 1874 for the king]. Coin cabinet purchased; also from Cappe in the Mitth. of the Num. Ges. in Berlin II, p. 61, no. 111 already occupied wrote. (Dal\, 2) . +ZOBEwLVALIb-V DV Bust portrait with cross staff after right. — + MALIN CIVITAww (declining). Hand of God between @ uud O. Owned by Dannenberg. (Plate V, 5.) +EOw-T-VDFA9R Bust portrait with cross staff to the right. — +SO.B-E+S- VA Hand of God between O and ö. Cf. V. Hanka, t. VII8. (Plate, V, 6) + EO ///I///I// Bust portrait with cross staff to the right. — INNE +S-Y/N//!! Hand of God between d and d. fragment. cf. Hanka, t. VII, 7. (Plate V, 0) 75a. EOwF-VHFAIR bird to the left. — SOB.E::-I-IV-A- Hand of God between O and D. cf. Hanka t. Il, 23. (According to Erbstein: About an unedited one Solid des Margrave Sobieslaw of Moravia, in Grote's Leaves for Coin studies I, no. 30, T. 22, 279. repeated plate V, 8.) 76. /INMAZIVAJ Bird to the right with an X in the field. — + PDL/////EAbBAA Hand of God between A and E. Fragment. lal N, 9.) 76a. IOBEZIVA Crowned head in front view. — LIV BVZ Church. Owned by Dannenberg and shown in the Berl. BL: M.S. u W.K L 2.92. (Tal. V, 10.) 77. Hand of God between I and V. — Temple with ENE. The Transcriptions show numerous deviations. The most correct read the same: +LDVIIDVIDAVIA GVITLVBVILAIAQ + FIDIDIZOVIDFAIVN BIVITIBLIVIAIVD + ITIDIDITOVIAIVIN CIVITIVdVIGAIVV + FVVITOVIDVOFV GIVITLVdVIVNVO

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 123 “el Berl. BI. f. M.-8- and W.-K. L 23, ar 7 Hanka I, 2; VII, 24; Jazdzewski t. II, 18. zinco graphic illustration no. 10. I... 20... 220 SW 12 pieces weigh 8.1 gr. 78. +FIDIIOLIDLAV Hand of God between I and V. — DVIAIVBIVITIE Temple with ENE. Partly with unrecognizable Transcriptions. Zincographic ab- Senen. 12. ....000 79. LAFVITIOOVOAVA Hand of God between V and A. — TO TIMIUNVIG ' Temple with ONE: . u. 0 00. 208 Like the attached quotations show, it is here not about coins, which until now remained unknown, through the The Peisterwitz find was first used for coin research, They are also rare and only occasionally in the collections represented, are like that They have all already been published and treated multiple times. Even Mr. Magister Erbstein - namely this one, as far as I can follow the literature, as the first - has a denarius from this series (no. 75a). to show its treasures and present it to research liked. And if he himself also in the determination of the same made a very unfortunate mistake by mistakenly the time to which the same must belong, as well as misguided by the embossed image of the bird, the one for him as the Moravian Eagle was considered to be Vladislaw's II brother, Sobeslaus, his refuge taken, who before his own acquisition of the Bohemian ducal

124 Menadier: Crown owned the Margraviate of Moravia in 1125, so Research was already shown the right path back then, da Grote in an addition to Erbstein’s treatise not only the Bohemian character of the coin and the higher age determined, but also already pointed out has shown that in addition to the dukes from the House of Premys- If necessary, other Bohemian princes also had the right to mint exercised and one of them the coin in question could very well belong. A more fixed time determination is wanted to give Cappe, who had a Sobeslaus denarius of the English lish type (no. 73 a) and the togetherness and simultaneity of it with the similar coins of the Duke Boleslaus and Queen Emma not misunderstood, although he found it among the coins of Duke Sobes- louse and didn't dare treat someone like the Boleslaws- to set up Sobeslaus as mint lord. But also this one step seems already with that done to be, that Hanka two Sobeslaus denarii his Directories of the coins des Duke Boleslaus II. The name of the coin lord and the time and the country to which he belongs are the same already fixed; The new appearance of the coins has replaced the old ones sentiments merely confirmed: but it is still important that the personal, to determine the authority of the mint. A Bohemian duke by the name of Sobeslaus is known to There is no historical tradition before the year 1125, and we have Given their relatively favorable situation, not that Right, based on the coins present, especially since they represent the ducal avoid titles (with one exception) and none of the ducal ones call mints, the rule of one who came into contact by chance of the duke who had recovered towards the end of the tenth century. hundred to turn on, especially since it differs from the four basic principles. Different types of coins do not have a rule of only ephemeral can act for a long time. There is also no younger prince from the house of the Premyslids in the period in question, from whom it is permissible to assume that he had partial power

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 125 and exercised the right to mint there. We therefore have with Grote to keep an eye on, that the almost unlimited Gentlemen of Saatz, Bilin, etc. could have just as easily had coins, as the Dukes of Prague and in this circle after a Sobes- to keep a look around. Of course in the form that the coins offer, find We don't use the name Sobeslaus here either and he is the source writings of Bohemian history at the turn of the tenth century and eleventh century altogether foreign: but there are opportunities us two names in them, which are obviously only secondary forms of the Sobeslaus can be read on the coins, namely Sobebor') and Zebislovo, and as the bearer of this appears a person outstanding contemporary of the other Bohemian greats second and third Boleslaus, the eldest brother of the saint Adalbert, the Bishop of Prague, the son of Slavnik. And It is precisely Slavnik and his son Sobebor-Zebislovo who are the ones should be primarily considered, if you can at all at that time a territorial coinage alongside the ducal one in Bohemia because the Slavnik family was an old, highly respected royal family and its rulers area is extensive. Cosmas has a detailed limitation of the latter (I, 27)?) added to his yearbooks, which mentions the death of Slavnic in reported in the following way: “Anno dominicae incarnationis I81 obüt Slavnie, father “sancti Adalberti, cuwius de moribus et vita licet plurima “eniteant memoriae digna, ex quibus tamen, ut referamus “pauca, coepta intermittimus nostra. Krat enim vir laetissi- “mus ad omnes faeie, in consilüis serenissimus mente, alloqwiüs “blandissimus, locuples divieiis quam secularibus tam spiri- “tualibus. In domo illius honestas Fulgebat et sincera dhlectio, 1) On probability the identity of the names Sobebor and Zobeslaus first introduced me to Professor v. Sallet's attention was drawn. 2) M. @. 9th pp. 4.

Menadier: “iudieiorum reclitudo et procerum multitudo. In the operabus ewus “erat legum cognitio, pauperum refectio, moerentium consolatio, “peregrinorum receptio, viduarum et orphanorum defense. “Hhuius tam insignis dueis metropolis fuit Lubie'), sita loco “ubi amnis Oydlina?) nomen perdit suum, intrans liberioris “aquae in fluvium rennet. Habuit autem sui prineipatus hos “terminos. Ad oceidentalem plagam contra Boemiam rivulum “Surina?) et castrum quod est situm in monte Oseca tuata “Flumen Msam. Similiter plagam ad australem contra Teuto- "nicos orientales has urbes habit terminales: Hinov'*), Dud- “lebi®), Netolizi') usque ad mediam silvam. Item solis ad “ortum against Moraviae regnum castrum sub silva situm, “nomine Luthomisl’) usque ad rivulum Spitawa qui est ın “media silva. Item ad, aquilonalem plagam contra Poloniam “castellum Gladzco°), situm iuxta flumen nomine Nizam N. “Hic dux Slavnic, quamdiu viwit, felieiter virit.” From Glatz to Aussig an der Elbe the eastern half of the Understanding the Bohemian North, this expanded area in the same width from the northern border mountains Bohemia to its southern tip, at the same time to Prague Duchy and the Moravian lands, to Poland and Bavaria bordering and thus included a landmass that was part of the the Premyslids offer almost equaled; there its owners He also boasted of great wealth in gold and silver will''), stood like that the same undoubtedly on one of the ducal approximately equal level of power. 1) Libiecz in Czazlaı district. 2) Czidlina, flowing into the Elbe near Libicz. 3) Bila, flowing into the Elbe near Aussig. 4) Cheynow in the Tabor district and district (1000 inhabitants). 5) Daudleb in the Gitschin district and Adlerkosteletz district (1,300 inhabitants). 6) Netolitz in the Pisek district and Prachatitz district (2638 inhabitants). 7) Leutomischl an der Lautschna, district town (pop. 7,000). 8) Bald. 9) Neisse. 10) Bruno, vita S. Adalberti 1. (M. G. SS. 4, 596) pater suus magnus et praepotens erat; substaneia eius integra, possessio diffusa est; cui mortalium

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 19T. But even if the position of power, the country and the time, as well as the name unite, suitable for the son of Slavnic appear to let him have the coins with the name des to assign Sobeslaus, then the determination would only be that Value of a hypothesis, albeit a hypothesis of great importance Probability, if it were not possible, of the previous ones Justification add further evidence. One like that but can be obtained from the coins themselves. It is already highlighted been, that the coins not the city of Prague or any other of the well-known ducal ones Mints as their place of mint. Instead of her will be on the denarii of the English type called the CIVITAS MALIN. This city Malin is today's village of Malin or Malina im Circles Czaslau and the Kutná Hora district near the located in the city of Kutnaburg')., Today's insignificance place, which only has 740 inhabitants?), does not speak against them Identifying it with the mint city, since we know that the same attributed to violent destruction is. It is given to us by one who is unknown by name bohemian chroniclers des fifteenth century’) to Year 1414 reported: “non pridem hoc factum quidam de illis fossoribus pro- “cesserunt ad encenia”) ad oppidum Malin non procul cowl “berga distances, de quibus aliqui intrarunt agrum, ubi pisa “maturescebant, and aliquid de pisis decerpserant, rustiei hoc felicitatum copia, sub se positorum hominum unda, familia multa perstrepens argento and auro plena domus, cum esset dominus terrae, fuit tamen me- diocris homo. 1) Afterwards are the information in the M.G.Ss. 4, 596 note. and in Oesterley's hist. geogr. Dictionaries of the German Middle Ages under “Cowl” mountain”. 2) Ritter, Geogr. stat. Lexicon. Leipzig 1874. 3) Anonymus continuator Pulkavae from 1338-1470. Monumenta historica Boemiae ... .. ed. Dobner, IV, 149. 4) On 27. July 1413 after Schaller. Topography des kingdom Bohemia. Prague and Vienna 1785 fg. VI, S1.

Menadier: "advertentes, ex agro illos pepulerunt; fossores «lli euntes ad “eiwitatem Kuttenbergam congregarunt ingentem copiam ali- “orum metalli fossorum et intrates oppidum Malin incen- “derunt illud, qui igitur ex oppido illo de incolis fugerunt, “oce is sunt a fossoribus, qui vero in oppido permanserunt, “combusti sunt, hoc factum fwit in encenüs ilorum et hodie “dum hoc oppidum in rwinis vacet.” Until the destruction by the Kutnenberg miners was So Malin is a city and it has a certain importance already because of the plurality theirs to Saint Stephen and John churches dedicated to the Baptist attributable. From this one According to Schaller, the former was already in 1384 mentioned, but it happened to the city much earlier Malin herself mentions Cosmas as the setting Battle between Duke Boriwoi and Udalrich in 1101 is called: “nam Boriwoy collecto ewercitu occurrens ice castra me- “tatus est supra duwos colles iuxta oppidum Malin, paratus "in crastinum cum ice commäittere bellum'"). That anyway between this one first literary Guidance and the time of the Sobeslaus coins are still present a full century is of course of no importance with the sparseness of the tradition in relation to everything that is not the ducal family concerns, and is used by nobody as Objection to the equation made can be used. If but therefore Malin near Kutnenberg as a mint the Denarii is proven, then this is also proof of the Identity that on the coins mentioned Sobeslaus with the Sobebor of Cosmas and Zebislaus of Thietmar provided, because Kutná Hora and Malin lie in the area named after reports already submitted of Cosmas once the Slavnic heard about it and told his eldest son Sobebor about it. is inherited. 1) Cosmas III, 14.

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages, 129 Yes the coins offer even more as the name of the City of Malin: they also call Lubie, the headquarters of the company bads of the Slavnic. First there is the end of the transcription the main page of the Denarius of Malin, listed third (ar. 73 b), if otherwise the same thing is not considered wild and I would like to see any explanation as a mockery, no further explanation is given than that of Lib(ucensis) DV(x). Then you don't recognize them completely regular transliterations of the obols with the character of Temple on the one hand and the hand of God between I and A or V and A on the other hand (no. 77, 78, 79) are easy except for the name of the Sobeslaus in the form ZOVIDLAVS the city name Lubie. Finally but the name of the city occurs to us without any other interpretation would be permissible or even a doubt would be possible, as a designation towards the mint in the LIVBVZ of the denarius with the crowned heads in front view (no. 76a). With this name of Sobeslaus as Lord of Lubic are available to us through the coins even all of them necessary for the determination of the same Elements given: the mints, the coin lord, the lord property of the same, but also a more fixed determination of time, than they through the finds and through the prince's lifetime is given in itself. It will us namely reported, that the one between the ducal family the Premyslids and the house des Slavnic through mutual possession with natural necessity tension and jealousy caused by the calling Adalbert's appointment as Bishop of Prague will be held down, but appear to have played a role in leaving his office, flared up mightily during his absence and resulted in a serious catastrophe, through which broke the power of the Slavnikids and the violence of the Dukes of Prague was extended over their territory. The Annals Pragenses!) record the release to Year 995 very briefly with the three words: “Lubie perdita est.” © DM. 6.5, 88.3; p. 119. Journal of Numismatics. XV, 9

130 Menadier: Cosmas reported this in more detail in the same year: “Zt qua tunc temporis dux non erat suae potestatis, “sed comitum, comites versi in Dei odium, patrum iniquorum “pessimi fili, valde malum operabantur facinus et iniquum. “Nama sub quadam festiva the Furtim errumpunt urbem “Lubie, in qua fratres sanetı Adalberti et militias urbis “umiversi velut oves innocentes assistant sacris missarum “solemnüs festa?) celebrantes. At illi ceu lupi inmanes urbis “moenia irrumpentes, masculum et feminam usque ad unum “interficient, quatuor Jratribus saneti Adalberti cum ommi “prole ante ipsum altare decollatis, urbem comburunt, plateas “sanguine perfundunt, et eruentis spolüs ac crudeli praeda “onerati hilares ad proprias redeunt lares. JImierfecti sunt “autem in urbe Lubie quinque fratres saneti Adalberti anno "dom. incarn. 995 quorum nomina sunt haee: Sobebor, Spi- “timir, Dobrazlav, Porey, Cazlav.” This determination of time is, as Büdinger (?) proved, in any case the correct one and the relocation of the event to that following year, to which the biographers of St. Adalbert, Johannes Canaparius and Archbishop Bruno tell the same thing, merely attributed to biographical art. However is based on the news that Sobebor also along with his brothers fell in Lubic, due to an obvious mistake'); because the aforementioned biographers and contemporaries of Adalbert It is difficult to count that Sobebor was out of the country at that time have lingered. First we read at Canaparius°): 1). M.G. 13, pp. 9. 2) The Feast of St. Wenceslas, which fell on September 28th. 3) Büdinger, Austrian history up to the end of the thirteenth century Century I (Leipzig 58), 329. 4) The final sentence, which describes the murder of the five brothers of H. Adal- bert in Lubic reports, is in such stark contrast to that preceding, after only four brothers fell before the altar, and follows it so abruptly that I doubt that it is from Cosmas itself, rather I consider it to be a later insertion. 5) Vita S. Adalberti auctore J. Canapario. $25. M.G. 6, pp. II, 8. 592.

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 131 “Gens autem haeec sceleratissima, ad quam redire compulsus “est, in odium sui nominis grande nefas peregerunt. Nam “parentes suos mobile et praeclaros viruses, misero vulnere "prosternunt; fratres fratrumgue filios, masculum una cum “insonte femina, ommes morte saevissima dampnarunt; eivitates “quoque eorum igne ac ferro devastantes, omnia eorum bona “in captivitatem redegerunt. Unus autem ex suis Fratribus “dum haece mala domi geruntur, cum Bolizlavo Poloniorum “duce foras in ewpeditione imperatoris erat, you vero ille pro “amore sanchi fratris magnis promissis et amieis opibus eum “solatur.* Bruno reports in more detail): “Quinque”) fratres habuit, quorum ommium animas gladius “pertransivit. Ex quibus maior frater servicio imperatoris “ın adıutorium profectus, paganorum ewpugnaciones adivit, “practiced et cum Bolezlavo Polanorum duce amieitias unit. “Querelas imperatori fecit, quod mala, quae nulla promeruit, “dux Boemiorum Bolezlavus sine misericordia sibi sursque “fratribus plura ingessisset. Luis usque in adventum et “seros reditus relicti domi quatuor ratres pacem impetrarunt, “et ew parte ducis securitatem et sacramenta acceperunt.... “Igitur sacramento fidunt, quod christiani darent; quando “christiani fratres christicolae Adalberti pacem non putarent? “Liber populus per campum ambulat; non enim data fide “bellum cogitat. Stat prowima periculo secura civitas? Nam “et ecce hostes ex improviso veniunt, diffusa multitudine civi- "tatem circumeingunt; feria sexta in vigilia preciosi martyris »‚ Venezlay bella incipiunt, nichilominus et ipso festo obpugnare “certatim insistunt. Nec iwvat, quod urbami diem festum 1) Vita S. Adalberti auctore Brunone. M.G. 6, pp. II, p. 577. 2) Apart from these five, already named above, owned by the h. Adalbert also has a sixth, youngest brother, Radim-Gaudentius, who always accompanied him and was made archaeologist by Emperor Otto III in 1000. Bishop of Gniezno was raised, 9*

Menadier: “venerari peluntz contra quos forenses verba superbiae iactantes: “Si vester est, inguiunt, samctus Venezlaus, noster utique est “Bolezlaus! Set guamwis post caperent civility, poenas “dedit asperum verb. Civium namque gladio the «lo “ceciderumt hostium capita multa, ei omnes qui in illo consilio “fuerunt aut mortui quiescumt, aut caeci et dispersi male “vivunt. ÜCessit eivilibus bellis saucia ceivitas, miserabili ewitio “familiae distractae bona in manibus inimicorum cunela “eesserunt. Inundat planctus mulierum, stupet mortua 'Facies "puerorum; geminatis dewtris virorum, stat silencium spectan- “tum clericorum. Sanetı viri fratres quatuor, bello splitterui “et nescii cedere loco, dum, de quo am diximus, elericus “Radla consilium dedit, parum valencia arma dimiserunt, “et guam praeliando pulleram mortem putarunt, confugiendo “ad ecclesiam — ut est in humanis oculis — turpem ac- “eeperunt. Nam falso data est spes vivendi; et dum eweuntes “ecelesiam sponte in mamus hostium vadunt, fefellit dextera “‘seniors, et in conspectu ommium pulera corpora subierunt “eapitalem sententiam. Haec tunc; sed. quando digna in- “Digni seribimus, nune it's dead Gladio Frater was on holiday “mazimus.” Furthermore, in accordance with the last given Message also "Thietmar") occasionally of the report about the Expulsion of the Polish Duke Boleslaus Chrobry from Bohemia and the conquest of the city of Prague by Jaromir and Ulrich Year 1004 news of the death of Sobeslaus: “Quiet (seil. Udalricum) preoccupantes nuneüi presceriptorum “rem ordine pandunt Bolizlavo, de tali 'perieulo prius securo. “Hic legatione tali commonitus clam_ se preparavit, ut sub- “sequenti nocte iam mediante, audiens in urbe prowima, quae “Wissegradi dieitur, campanas ceives ad bellum sonitu hor- “aunt, cum prima legione exivu et patriam Jugiendo re- 1) Thietmar VI, 9. M.G. Ss. III, p. 808.

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 133 “visit. Quem Zebislovo, frater Athelberti presulis et Christi “martyris, subseguutus, in ponte vulneratus oppetüt, et magnum “hostibus gaudium, suis autem luetum inefabilem religuit.* In explaining these words the views go this way apart, that according to the one ') Zobeslaus in his last Fight for the Polish prince, with whom he found refuge, after the others”) in the apostasy of this for the Bohemians fought: but be that as it may, one thing stands in everyone's way. if it is certain that Sobeslaus only ended in the year 1004 not immediately after that took place at the beginning of September battle, but only after a few weeks, there that Calendarium Pegaviense?) the remark contains to II Nonas November: “Zobebor comes from Polonia oceisus.” But it can be considered just as irrefutable that he... September 27th, 995, he lost his entire rule and has since stayed with the Duke of Poland as a refugee. All his coins, no matter whether to Lubic, whether minted to Malin, must necessarily precede this year, even if we do not only hear about great promises from Poland, but also also from large gifts that he grants to Sobeslaus, So we shouldn't think about the granting of a principality think in possession of which he continues to exercise the right to mint. Also the coins are therefore to be moved to the year 995, which ones the name of the Zobeslaus on the side with the hand God's and on the other the inscription that has not yet been interpreted: 7 EOn -T-VDFAIR carry, especially since the same is on a denarius of Duke Boleslaus II returns (Hanka VU, 6). 1) Pubishka, Chronological History of Bohemia among the slaves IH, 182. Palacky, History of Bohemia I, 260. Hirsch, yearbooks of German Empire under Henry II. I, 319. 2) Büdinger, Austrian History I, 336. Dobner V, 15. Usinger at Hirsch a. a. O. 3) Menken, scriptores II, 149.

134 Menadier: A second existing Bohemian one next to the ducal one The find provides a special coinage in three denarii Queen Emma, Wife of Duke Boleslaus II. + 3MO@A + REGIINA Bust portrait with cross staff to the right. +CIAITA» + MELNIC Hand of God between A and © (Plate V, + INMA + REGIMA Bust portrait with cross staff to the right. + EIMTA» + MELMIC Hand of God between A and @ | (Plate V, + 3NMA + REGIHA Bust portrait with cross staff to the right. +CIATA» + MELMIC Hand of God between A and @ (cf. Hanka VII, 9b), which have the following different stamps from older publications - units are to be arranged: a. T3N---+ REGIIMA — + CIVTA» + MELMIC Hand of God between A and (Cap p. 44, no. 46) . + 3NMA + REGIMA — + CIAITA» + MELMIC Hand of God between A and @ (Voigt I, p. 168. Hanka VII, 10) INA + REGINA — +CIATA» + MELNIC hand God's between A and 9 (Hanka VII, 11)") + 3HMA + REGIMA — +CVTAr -+MELMIC hand God's between A and @ . Becker, Two hundred rare coins of the Middle Ages, Dresden 1813, T. II, 55). 1) Two more stamps, namely: e. 3NMA + REGIMA — +CATVn + MELNMIC hand God's between A and 9 - 3NMA + REGIMA — +CATV» + MELMIC hand God's between A and (Hanka VII, 9) are modern-day forgeries. See M. Donebauer, The Bohemian Counterfeits scher coins and their stamps. Numismatic Journal XII. (Vienna 1880) P. 417, no: 4 and 5.

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 135 This princess remembers Cosmas in her yearbooks repeated, by he first occasionally reads the report about the death of Duke Boleslaus II in 998 makes, afterwards but also their "own" in 1006 reported subsequent death. His words in the first place are: “Habut autem here gloriosissimus duxw Hemman sibi in “matrimonium iunctam, quae genere fwit caeteris nobilior, sed “quod magis laudandum est, nobilitate morum multo prae- “stancior. Ex qua duos filios suscepit elegantissimae indolis, "scilicet Wencezlaum et Bolezlaum; sed Wencezlaus ab ineunte “aetate hanc fragilem vitam mutavit aeternitate. Bolezlaus “autem post discessum patris sedis suscepit gubernacula “prineipalis, ut in sequentibus declarabitur.” The words are meant for your death'): “Anno Dominicae incarnationis millesimo sexto princeps “Hemma, feminei sewus gemma, febre correpta a vinculis “earnis est erepta. Owius epitaphium his versieulis aut vidi “Aut vidisse me memini editum: “Que fuit ut gemma, vilis iacet en cinis Hemma. “die precor: huic animae da veniam, Domine.” Professor has heard about the first of the two messages Loserth®) astute and undoubted correctly proven, that like the characteristics of Duke Boleslaus II to a large extent it is a loan from Regino's chronicle, and like this one of the characteristics given there by Ludwig the German has been reworked, so for their part a close connection to this those sentences expressed by the learned Abbot of Prüm, who wife of Ludwig, the Queen Emma dedicated’). Also is 1) Cosmas, Ann. I, 32. 2) Cosmas, Ann. I, 39. 3) Loserth, Studies on Cosmas of Prague. A contribution to the criticism of Old Bohemian history, in: Archive for Austrian History 1830, Vol. 61. 4) Regino ad ann. 876. (SS. 1, p. 588.) habuit autem hic gloriosissimus rex, cuius memoria in benedictione est, reginam nomine Hemmam sibi in

136 Menadier: the same to agree to that he received the report about the Emma's gravestone for a strange, highly indefinite statement explains which raises doubts and vividly reminds that Cosmas also had epitaphs made, as well as he art- rich speeches lead, as if they ever held, and letters communicate, as if they had ever been written. Furthermore Cosmas reveals a striking lack of knowledge of family relationships - nisse of Duke Boleslaus II, by he in the listed only speaks of Wenceslaus and Boleslaus as his sons, but Jaromir and Udalric, which comes to us through Thietmar') as Boleslav III's brothers are not commemorated, even the same ones referred to as the sons of the latter in the course of his story ?). Nevertheless, Loserth goes far beyond the mark out the one mentioned draws the conclusion, like Cosmas the Duke Boleslaus assigned a number of properties that it can be proven that it does not belong to, then it is to be assumed that courage, that he would also give him a wife at his side the Duke never knew. If you consider that no obituary, no list of regents and no other equivalent timely record of this queen or princess, if one considers that this report from Cosmas is in a highly dangerous neighborhood that turns out to be wrong or is at most minimally historically authenticated, and if you then take the place of Regino over the East Frankish queen Hema with that of Cosmas, that's how you become about the existence or non-existence of the Hemma of Bohemia matrimonium iunetam, quae nobilis genere fuit, sed quod magis laudandum nobilitate mentis multo prestantior ex qua tres filios suscepit excellentissime indolis . . 1) V, 15 M.G. Ss. 797. Interim Bohemiorum dux Bolizlaus, quia pote- stas consortis et successoris est semper pavida, Jaremirum fratrem eunuchizans, iunioremque Othalricum in termis suffocare cupiens, una cum matre eosdem patria expulit, solusque vice basilisci noxii regnans, populum ineffabiliter contrinxit. 2) Cosmas, Ann. I, 34: fuerunt autem duci Boleslav ex coniuge nobili duo fratres, foecundae matris gloria, nati seilicet Udalrieus et Jaromir.

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 137 not longer in doubt be. The characteristics of Boleslaw ER the personality the Duchess Hemma, the one so far as fixed used to looking at historical fact, should be deleted from older Bohemian history. This is called the child with the bathwater pour out. Mag Cosmas also at the task, the piety and bravery The Duke's ability to put too much into the light of Rögino's have adopted characteristics, surely he did not randomly chosen as a model, but out objective reasons, and because the duke gave him the king seemed similar. There is also confusion regarding Cosmas lich of the Duke's family circumstances by telling two of his sons to his grandchildren makes, However, this is still forbidden Assuming that this is just a result of the Duke's desire in this respect too, to be placed on an equal footing with the king. But leave it alone we base that on itself: under no circumstances has Cosmas, because the Ludwig's wife bore the name Emma, a Duchess Emma invented as the wife of Boleslaus. Their existence is, however Loserth claims that it has not been documented some monuments') with their name beyond any doubt expressed, because they are far from being suspected of influence both Regino and Cosmas at the behest of the Duchess herself been manufactured. The Ducal Library has the most magnificent one to Wolfenbüttel in the beautiful handwriting of the biography des sanctify Wenceslas. This first sheet the same shows on Purple background the saint with the lance over his head the bust of the Savior between A and @, with the right touching the saint, appears while at his feet adoring a woman, the Duchess, lies on the ground. Between But the words are written in golden letters on the figures: 1) Josh. Teige, A note on the genealogy of the Burgundy-Arelatic house. Correspondence sheet of the General Association of German Historians and antiquity associations. 1886, $. 18.

138 Menadier: hun!) libel lum hema venerabilif princi piffa per re medium anı no’) me sue in honore bea ti venezlavvi martvrif fieri ivflit The writing certainly bears the character of the outgoing one ninth and beginning of the tenth century and the purple, which covers the base of the first leaf corresponds completely the firmly dated documents of the Ottonian period whose Professor von Heinemann gave the handwriting a time attached to the display case. It can therefore also not subject to any doubt, that the principissa Hemma, at their behest the manuscript was made is a Bohemian duchess. Because there would hardly be another simultaneous princess of the name can be proven for which the authorship of the vita could still be made more credible In those early times one becomes outside Bohemia at all can accept such interest in St. Wenceslas, as the manuscript suggests, while for Bohemia even the appearance the same through the events at dem Lubie's case is well attested. The denarii, however, have greater evidentiary value Enclose Emma's name. Loserth ignores them just as quickly, as well as the manuscript, which he attributed a later origin to. writes by saying: “The name can only be found on one coin Emma, and it was pointed to Boleslaw's wife. But 1) In the handwriting the word: “hunc” is written in such a way that the “n” is inside the “u”. 2) The erroneous repetition of “ni” is inherent in the manuscript.

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 139 since the name also contains the term regina, so this coin probably has to do with the Duchess of Bohemia, the Ge- “Nothing to do to Boleslaw’s wife.” Even if it's just about was a single coin and not such a significant one Number of different stamps, such as the above combination position, it would be necessary to seriously consider the same act according to the authority given to each person Coin is to be added, and either in front of the metal monument, which the Princess left behind to cancel the sails of criticism and do justice to the princess and the chronicler to let or to fully prove that of a bohemian one Duchess in no way attached the title of Queen and that the coins on the other side of the coin called Mint not available the Duchess of Prague but belonged to another coinage. However, with regard to that title') just a hint is enough on the Grimm's Dictionary of the German Language, to to overthrow a weakly raised objection. It will be closed there the word: “King” notes that “for previous use to highlight a circumstance that has so far received little or no attention at all. what is important is that it is by no means just that ruler, but also the king's brothers, sons, yes, all those of royal stock were called kings and queens, even as children”; and in accordance with this is that Words: “Queen” added the remark that the same until in the sixteenth century or longer the royal princess have referred to, and the evidence for this is the old German Heroic poems about the Nibelunge Not and the Kudrun drawn, in which Gunther, Gernot and Giselher as the “three 1) Becker's assumption that the REGINA on the main page is linked to the CIVITAS MELNIC the downside to connect, and therein an echo of the REGINA CIVITAS of the Regensburg denarii is included, requires heavy lich a thorough refutation. These are the denarii Emma is not about imitating the Regensburg, but rather an English one Coin type.

140 Menadier: künege ze Wormze” (e.g. N. 3, 1), Kriemhilt (N. 50, 4. 132, 3), Gudrun (G. 1178, 4), Hildeburg (G. 1639, 3. 1641, 4), Ortrun (G. 1308, 3. 1310, 4) “küniginne*”, Siegfried (N. 29, 4) and Ortlieb (N. 1850, 2. 1855, 3) “the young Künec” and Hilde (G. 380, 4. 385, 2. 427, 4) “the young queen” be called. Corresponds to this German usage of course the use of the Latin word completely constantly'). Gregory of Tours refers to the Ringunthis, the daughter of the Frankish King Chilperic (5, 49) and the Chrodieldis, the daughter of King Charibert (10, 15) as “reginae*. Count Baldwin IV of Flanders granted his mother in 998 Susan as a daughter of King Berengar of Italy the same Designation (hist. Guinensis 49), like his daughter-in-law Adela, the daughter of King Robert from France, in a document from the year 1039 called “regalis comitissa”* (Bucelin, Gall. Flandr. 2, 26) and the latter sisters Constantia and Johanna, Countesses of Toulouse, as “dominae reginae” (Catellus, comit. Tolos 225. Cruceus, epic. Cadurcens 77). In the chronicle of the Salernitan Romuald happens around the year 1120 the Constantia, the daughter of King Philip I of France and wife of the prince Boemond of Antioch mentioned as “Regina”. “Nobilissima regina” is called Theresia, the daughter of King Alphonse IV of Castile (f 1109) and wife of Count Heinrich von Portugal (Vita 8. Theotonic. 2), and the granddaughter also appears the same, Mathilde, as the daughter of King Alphons I of Por- tugal in her husband's documents, of Count Philipp von Alsace (4 1191) under the name “regina”. “Re- eina” is finally also called Bertha (Mabillon, vitae Ss. ord. S. Benedicti 5, 764), the wife of Count Odo von Champagne (+ 995) and daughter of King Conrad of Burgundy 1) The following quotes are in the “glossarium latinae linguae »medii aevi* taken from Du Cange. 2) See Willelm Brit. 10: interea comitissa senex quae Portagilensis regis filia ob hoc solum regina vocata est.

h Ä H Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 141 (7,993). So it may only be a conjecture on the part of Father Gelasius Dobner be, which cannot be proven, that Emma a Burgundian princess, a sister of the the last-mentioned Bertha regina'), at least that's illuminating so much from the stated that a Bohemian duchess, if she came from royal family, the claim to the title of a queen, so there is no entry in this direction fought against the identity of the queen named on the coins Emma and the Duchess, handed down by Cosmas, surrender. The city of Melnik but, the mint the denarii the Queen Emma, is subject to the decree of King Charles IV listed in the cities, which are the personal belongings of the wives and daughters of the Bohemian princes served?). Behind theirs Walls have, among others, Barbara, the emperor's widow Sigismund, and Johanna, the widow of King George Podebrady withdrawn°). It took an emperor to pledge the city Rudolf II of consent his mother'), and at the instigation 1) Büdinger, Austria. business I, 315. 2) See M. P. Stranski, Respublica Bohemiae descripta (Lugd. Bat. 1634) Cap. IX. de principibus reginisque Boiemiae II, p. 372 fe.: Luculenta illae quoque (nope reginae) semper habuerunt in the rain tuendae dignitatis adminicula. Dos enim ipsis certa constituebatur, ex qua sumptus ordini suo necessarii affatim suppeterent. Fuit autem dos haec olim sane pecuniaria, argenti nempe puri marcae vicies mille; post tempora vero regis Rudol. I fundis urbibusque et praediis certis definita. Ex ista igitur definitions consuetudo obtinuit, ut Reginarum in hoc regno dotales sint, quem- admodum iam ante diximus, urbes Hradecium ad Albim, Jaromierza, Trut- novum, Dwurum, Bydziovum, Chrudina, Alta-Myta, Poliezca, Mielnicum cum arce praediisque ac amplissimis latifundiis vini frumentique feracissimis. Omnium horum ususfructus reditusque ac proventus ordinarii omnes cum dominio utili ad Reginas, quae corona regni legitimate insigniuntur, quam diu vivunt, iure pleno spectant. 3) Stranski, cap. II, de districtibus Boemiae 15, p. 96. 4) Stranski, a.a.0. u.p. 372. Oppignoravit sane ditionem Trutnovianam Christophoro Jandorfio Ferdinandus rex et Mielnicanam primum Georgio Lobcovicio, postea vero Joachimo Colowrataeo, Imp. rex Rudolphus, verum id ab illo ordinibus inconsultis, contractu invalido et post reginae uxoris mortem, ab hoc vero non nisi de usu fructuariae reginae matris ordinumque universorum assensu, esse factum iudicii provincjalis sententia comitiorumque

142 Menadier: his sister-in-law Anna, his brother's wife and successor According to Matthias, the pledge was restored in 1614 solved. On the other hand, we are told that the holy Lud- milla, the wife of Count Boriwoi I of Bohemia, a daughter Slavibors, which owned what was then called Pschov town of Melnik'). We therefore have to assume that Melnik as their inheritance fell to the Bohemian dukes and has served as the Duchesses' personal belongings from the very beginning has. Only Bohemian duchesses can therefore go to Melnik the coinage law obsessed and have exercised and the queen So Emma the Melnik coins is certainly the Duchess of Prague and wife of Boleslaw. In the same way as the coins of Sobeslaus of Lubic are also those of Duke Otto (Bezbriem) of Prague known for a long time, but not recognized as such, but Princes attached, that are completely distant from them. Already Cappe”), and was the first, as far as I can tell from the literature is accessible, such a coin, an obol: OTTO QVX:XV- Head in front view. — ///IIOLLAVG Temple with -A in the portal (Plate V, 13) made known and awarded to Duke Luitpold of Bavaria wrote. Jazdzewski also gave it to Duke Boleslaus II The coin represented in the Yaruchin finds is included. Both have the age of it was correctly recognized, but the name of the coin Mr. not taken into account. The other way around is correct Reading the transcription, combined with a misunderstanding of the time, decreta probant..... Sic Annae Matthiae regis uxori de redimenda a Wilelmo Wchynicio by Rudolph. II oppignorata edition Mielnicana, in comiciis (ann. 1614) assensum. 1) Cosmas I, 15 (M.G. Ss. 9, 44). Borivoy autem genuit duos filios Spitigneum et Wratizlaum, ex ea, quae fuit filia Zlavobori, comitis de castello Psov, nomine Ludmila. 2) Cappe, The Coins of the Dukes of Bavaria. Plate I, no. 6. 3) Jazdzewski, Wykopalisko iarocinskie and Mianovicie monety Bolesiawöw Czech. 8. 33, no. 45. M. 3, no. 24.

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 143 which the coin must belong to, the arrangement under which Margrave Otto I of Moravia (1061-1086), which the one described together with a second Obol: NNOTT- DVX :X ///!! Head in front view. — +PLV - ///// LA-G- Temple with M in the portal (Plate V, 12) in the coin collection the Royal Museums experienced has. Also a union of what is right in these provisions would difficult immediately to determine the mint owner have led, as the name of the mint is on the obols is distorted beyond recognition and the strange Character and type of same a compelling conclusion excludes her. The denarius now comes in: 83. TOQ-AOA-DOF+ - Head in front view. — PRAGA CIVITA Temple with 9MO in the portal (Plate, V, 11) because the same confirms not only through his appearance in the present finds that he was at the turn of the tenth to the eleventh Century, repeated not only in the form: ODDO the name Otto's than that his mint, but calls also Prague as his place of influence, so that we now all- information required to identify the coins. sit and one at the beginning des eleventh century in Prague to see the commanding Duke Otto as the formative prince have. A such is now however the historical record delivery, as told to us by the chroniclers and annalists hold is, unknown. The house the Premyslids is the one Name except for the already mentioned Moravian Margrave in alien to the seventies and eighties of the eleventh century stayed. Also will not reported to us anywhere that a prince of this name from a foreign tribe during the war-filled, the eventful period of Duke Boleslaus III temporarily exercised ducal power in Prague. However, it is well known and also in the foregoing occasionally the report of Sobeslaus' death er- believes that the reign of Duke Boleslaus III after his

144 Menadier: first expulsion by the Bohemians and replacement by his Cousin Vladivoi in 1002, the following year by the Poland's Duke Boleslaus I Chrobry although initially restored represents, but then was finally destroyed by this one, through deceit and treachery, took possession of him and longed him constantly held captive and Bohemia with the city of Prague in his brought his own power and united it with his vast empire. However, he did not take up his ducal seat in Prague himself, like Hirsch!) accepts, but transferred the newly acquired master belong to one of his own. This comes from the Polish Chronicle in which we read: “Numquid non ipse Moraviam et Bohemiam subiuganit, “et in Praga ducalem sedem obtinuit suisque eam suffraganeis “deputavit.””) We will now go into more detail about its family informed by Thietmar°), who reported in the year 999: “duxit hie Rigdagi marchionis filiam, postmodum dimiltens “eam; et tunce from Hungary sumpsit uxorem, de qua habit “Jilium, Besprim nomine, similiter expellens eam. Tercia Fuit “Emnildis edita a venerabili seniore Dobremiro, quae Christo “Jidelis ad omne bonum unstablem conjugis mentem deelinavit “et immense elemosinarum largitate et abstinentia utriusque “maculas abluere non desistit. Peperit haec duos jilios, “Miseconem et alium, quem dileeti senioris sui nomine paler "vocavit; filias quoque tres, quarum una est abbatissa, secunda “nupsit Herimanno comiti, tercia filio regis Wlodimiri, sieut “dicturus sum.” The second of these sons, Miseco, in the Merseburger Calendar marked with the double name Lambert-Mesco'), 1) 8. Deer, Yearbooks of the German Empire under Henry I 252. 2) Chron. Polonorum I, 6. M.G. Ss. IX, 428. On the weight of this Professor Bresslau brought this report to my attention. 3) IIII, 37. M. 6. Ss. III, 784. See Bresslau, Yearbooks of the German Empire under Konrad II. I, p. 99. Röpell, History of Poland. I, 186. 4) Calendar. Merseb. ed. Dümmler. p. 235. I B)

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 145 succeeded his father in rule in 1025; but it succeeded the one excluded from power and in exile living brother in 1031 to deprive him of power and to win it for yourself and for a year claim. The Hildesheim Yearbooks') refer to this as the the latter the Bezbrim, saying in the year 1031: “qui Mysecho post mensis tantum spatium a brother suo Bez- “Briemo subita invasione proturbatus et ad Oudalricum in “Deheim fugere is compulsus. Sed idem Bezbrimo impera- “tori coronam cum alüis regalibus, guae sibi Frater eius injuste “usurpaverat, iransmisit ac semet humili mandamine per legatos “suos imperatori subditurum Ppromasit.”* as well as the following year 1032: “ho anmo Bezbriem whether inmanissimam tirannidis suae “sevitiam a suis, et eliam non sine Jratrum suorum machi- “nabione, interfectus est.” On the other hand, Wipo °) reports the same events from a brother of the Misico name Otto in the year 1025: “Jilus autem eius Misico similiter rebellis fratrem suum “Ottonem, quoniam regis partibus favebat, in Ruzziam pro- “vinciam pepulit.” and in accordance with this in 1032: “supra dictus Bolizlaus dux Bolanorum mortuus relic “duos filios Misiconem et Ottonem. Misico .dum Fratrem “suum Öttonem persequeretur, expulerat eum in Ruzziam. “Dum ibi aliquantum tempus miserabiliter viveret, coepit rogare “gratiam imperatoris Chuonradi, ut ipso impetrante et juvante “restitueretur patriae suae. Quod dum imperator facere vellet, “deerevit ut ipse cum copüs ew una parte, ex altera JFrater “Otto Misiconem aggregation. Hume impetum Misico ferre “non valens, fugit in Bohemiam ad. Uodalricum ducem, cu 1) Annales Hildesh. M.G.Ss. III, 98. 2) Wiponis vita Chuonradi imperatoris. M.G. XIII, Ss. XI, p.' 264. 9; 269, 29. Journal of Numismatics, XV, 10

146 Menadier: “tune temporis imperator iratus fuerat, sed ille, ut sic placaret “imperatorem, volwit sibi reddere Misiconem; quod pactum “sceleratum rennuit Caesar, dicens se nolle inimicum emere “from inimico. Otto restitutus patriae and dux factus a caesare, “dum post aliquod tempus minus caute ageret, @quodam “familiari suo elam interfectus est.” So we only have Otto and Bezbriem as one to look at the personality endowed with a double name and based on the detailed testimony of T'hietmar about Otto Bezbriem as the eldest son of Boleslaus to acknowledge, although Wipo calls Misico before Otto and the Quedlin burger yearbooks’) describe the Misico as major natu. Now Miesco's succession to the throne is certain to come down to mood attributed to Boleslaus, enters Otto Bezbriem already completely behind the younger ones during his father's lifetime brother back and it only happens once mention occasionally of him in 1018 after graduation of the Peace of Bautzen, the order given by the father four of them, the daughter of Margrave Ekkehard, chosen as a bride to escort him to him, about which Thietmar?) reports: “posteague jussu suo et assidua Bolizlavi dueis supplicatione “in quadam advertised Budusin diet... . . . paw sacramentis “firmata est.... 3 Kalendas Februaryü . . . . transactis “autem quatuor diebus, Oda, Ekkehardi marchionis filia, «a “Bolizlavo diu iam desiderata, et per filium suimet Ottonem “« . “tunc vocata, Cziezani venit . . » Nevertheless, we should not conclude from this that Otto Bezbriem has never played a political role and never did the time in which Miesco knew how to gain primacy, 1) Annales Quedlinb. ad ann. 1025. M.G. 5th pp. 3, 90 post hune filius eius Misuka, natu maior, haud dissimili superbia tumens, virus arroganceiae longe lateque diffuset. See Bresslau, Yearbooks of the German Empire under Conrad II. 1, p. 99. 2) VIE, 1. M. 6. Ss. III, 861.

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 147 never been entrusted with a major task. Many- more stands if different the age relationships allow it, nothing contradicts the assumption that he, the firstborn son of Boleslaus, the one been, dem this one the Polish one According to the chronicle, the Duchy of Prague was handed over and its Names on the coins. And if now in relation to this against Giesebrecht'!) with Breslau in it to hold on is that Miesco married the Lorraine in 1013 Count Palatine Enno's daughter Richenza closed has, because the German report the foundation monasterii Brunwilarensis?) and the Polish yearbooks of Kamenz) agree that Otto Bez, who comes from an older marriage of his father, is Briem was certainly no longer too young in the years 1003 and 1004 been, than his father gave him the governorship of Prague would have transferred can. We can therefore proven aim that the Duke named on the Prague coins eldest son of the Polish Duke Boleslaus Chrobry. Now let I the numerous coins, denarii and Obols follow the name I) Giesebrecht, History of the German Empire II, 634. 2) Cap. 13 (Archive of the Society for Older German History XII, 168.). Fundatio monasterii Brunwilarensis 13: “Nam eodem tempore Poliniorum rex nomine Misecho eum diversis regiae tamen “personae congruis munerum speciebus missis procis per praefati regnatoris “interventum filiae eius quae primogenita erat Richezae petit consortium. “Ouius — ut desiderabat — puella sponsalibus, quo decebat cultu, multorum "Favoribus adaptatur; quoniam eiusdem occasione conjugis regnum Slavorum “regno Teutonicorum confaederari a multis spe non innani credebatur. Quo “Non multo post tempore rex suarum de statu securus rerum, quarum procul “dubious vir excellentissimus tutum erat Jirmamentum, Romam profectus im- “perator creature,” (February 14, 1014.) 3) Annales Kamenzenses. M.G. XIX, 581. “in 990. Mesco filius Bolezlai nascitur. “Anno 1013. Mesco filius Bolezlai primi duxit uxorem Ottonis tercii im- peratoris. “Anno 1015. Kazimir dux natus est.” See Annales Silesiaci compilati. M.G. XIX, 538. Annales Cracovienses vetusti. M.G. XIX, 577. Annales Capituli Cracov. M.G. XIX, 586. 10°

148 Menadier: Boleslaus carry, namely: a) Denarii with a sword on one Page and changing embossed images on the other side: 84. +BLOZZLAV A sword between two cross staffs. — + G10I+CVI A sword between a cross staff and a Wedge. (Berlin leaves for coins, seals and coats of arms customer I, 3. 11. Hanka II, 14.) one whole and 2 fragments. . +PVESLAV A sword and a wedge to the left. —XGA X A church gable over a 4 (communications from the numismatic matic Society of Berlin I, 3. 3. W. Jazdzewski, wy- kopalisko jarociniskie and mianowicie monety Boleslawow ezeskich. Poznan 1879, tabl. 1.no.1. Hanka II, 4 fg.) one whole and 3 fragments. . +-—-AVHOZOI Two swords between two balls and a wedge. — +9HAOM+VVIOH Bird to the left. (Plate 5. 19. Jazdzewski, I, 2. 3. Hanka II, 19.) one whole and 2 fragments. . +/11]]VAVI Two swords. — +9/////s5 104 Bird to the right. (Hanka II, 22.) fragment. ' Transcriptions not received. Sword between cross and Wedge. — Temple with five wedges. (Hanka II, 16.) fragment. - "Transfers not received. Sword between cross and two balls. — Two swords. (Communications from the numis- matic society in Berlin 1. 3. 4. Hanka II, 17.) fragment. ' Transcriptions not received. Sword between two balls and a cross. — A cross over a sword. fragment. > UNUAAEIN] sword next to one Wedge. — EA- w - Im Temple: F3l fragment.

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 149 92. +-VA/INOQ Sword next to a wedge. — GA-: - Im Temple: E (Hanka II, 5.) fragment 93. //I/IAVDV//// An arrow from top right to bottom left. — /IIJ/AGA Four rings in the temple. (cf. Mith. d. num. Ges. to Berlin 1. 3. 5. Hanka I, 21.) fragment. b) Denarii with a head on one side and alternating strange embossed images on the other side: 94. +VrDIV3FV Head in front view. — +VAVNIVQ Hand of God with three nails converging at one point on the left. (Kilian 43. Berliner Blatter III, 34. 9. Jazdzewski 11, 19. 20.) 2 whole and 2 fragments. 95. /IIFVT/I/I/ Head in front view. — /////VAO///// Cross with three nails in the first, a ringlet in the third and a point in the second and fourth angle. (Mid. d. num. to Berlin 1. 3. 11.) fragment. 96. /3HV/ll}/ Head in front view — BOL cross with three Nails in the first and a ball in the first, second and third angle. fragment. c) Denarii with the cross on one side and the Temple on the other side (Regensburg type): 97. OLEZLA Cross, in whose three angles three balls - ERA@ in the temple PER(Kilian 17) 1... 2...21 38. DVX BO Cross, in which second angle three balls, 1. 3. 4. empty. — PRAGA in the temple ////RA (rar Midiin sd. numss@es, 2, 5. 12) well 1. d) Denarii with the hand of God on one side and the temple on the other side: 399. DOLEZAV.DVX. Hand of God with a bullet the palm. — + PRAGA CIV In the temple VV (cf. Mith. d. num. Ges. zu Berlin I, Tf. 3, no. 9. Hausa si), :...,.,.. ie oe ED

Menadier: . + BOLESAVDVX. Hand of God with a ball on the palm between > and < - + PRAGA CIV Ta, DEmpeLiV WM 5. ra oe N ANDALE BR . + DOESFA DAX. Hand of God with a bullet the palm. — O+PPAOACV In the temple NO + BOESVADX. PV OA IVCHA - e) Denarii with the hand of God on the one hand and the cross on the other side: 102. VXDN@wA-P-R- Hand of God with a cross Left. — BO:EZFAV's cross with three nails in second, a ringlet in the third and three balls in the fourth angle (cf. Hanka IV, 17. 18) . XVATZEIDO Hand of God with a cross to Right. — +ITADDA-VCI Cross with three nails in the first, three balls in the second, a ringlet in the third and a sphere in the fourth angle (cf. Mith. d. num. Ges. to Berlin II, Tf. 5, ar. 11). 1 R7) f) Obol with the hand of God on one side, dem Temple with mint master's name on the other side: ONC 104. Hand between @ and A + BHOEILAV DVX PRA@A EIVITD +BOEILAVDVX -» » * » » .PPAGA CIVITD + BOEILAV DVX DRAGA CIVITI Hand between W and A +DVX BOLCZLAV BVIDAVDAPVI INO Hand between @ and A DOEILAV DVX PPAG@A CIVITA

Finds of German coins from the Middle Ages. 151 g) Obols with the cross on one side and the Temple with mint master's name on the other side: ENE 107. FDOLILAV DVX Three nails in the 2nd and 4th, ringlets md. and 3rd angle. PDAGA CNTST . ., . ... 18. 108, F-DOEILAV DVX Three nails in the 1st, ringlets in the 2nd. and 3rd, point at 4 angles. PPAGA CIV/W/ ... 1, }DOLEIAV DVX Three nails in the 1st, ringlets in the 2nd. and 3rd, point at the 4th angle. /////// GA CIVMITO .... 1 “ 109. DOLEY///// DVX Three nails in the 1st, ringlets in the 3rd and 4th, point at 2nd angle. — Transcription of the reverse side ae Nel 110. FBHOILAEIV DVX Three nails in the 1st, ringlets in the 3rd, Point in the 2nd and 4th angles. PPA@Av CIVITD . . 1 “ 111. FDOLILAYT DX Three nails in the 4th, ringlets in the 1st and 2, point at the 3rd angle. PPA@GA .CMIC. . . 1. 112. + BWIN] DVX Ringel in the 1st and 3rd. 4th, point in 2nd Minkeh ,PPAGA CIMITP . . no. +BOL////l/l}/ DX Ringel in the 1st 3rd 4th, point in the 2nd Wake KUNGA CM . ....on. (6 pieces weigh 4.7 g.) .NO 113. HOLEIVTX. Three nails in the 1st and 3rd, point in the 2nd. and 4; Wankel. BOL/NIN .... 0... a li, «N: 114. BOLELIIVA-A Three nails in the 1st and 3rd, point in 2nd and 4th angles. BHOLEIMIVA-DVX . . 2... Lı, 7 DOL///////}//OX Three nails in the 1st and 3rd, point in 2 wa, 4th angle NIVOVTVO N ou ee VV 115. +-£OEAVV DVX Ringlet in the 2nd, dot in the 1st, 3rd and 4. Wankel. : KAYMOIO...;,; we

Menadier: . +BOVEILAV DVX Ringel in the 3rd, point in the 1st 2nd and 4. Angle. /ll! @A:.CV. .. . + BOLEILAV.DVX- Ringel in the 3rd, point in the 1st 2. and 4th angle. » FPD’P@ACIV A . rDOE/////l}/ Three nails in the 4th, point in the 1st 2nd and 3. Angle. — Inscription rubbed on the reverse side + . + BAOEIINV DAX Three nails in the 1st and 3rd, ringlet in the 2nd and 4th angles. //AGA.CIAHA . . 0000 . + BOLEILAV. point at any angle. PR.AGA+O. (cf. Mith. d. num. Ges. z. Berlin I, Tf. 3, no. 5) h) Obol with one-sided embossing: + DOLIAILAVDX Three nails in the 2nd, ringlets in the 4th Point in the 1st and 3rd angles i) Obols with a cross on both sides: . BOTEITAV@ .DVX . Three nails in the 1st, three legs in the 2nd, three dots in the 3rd, ringlet in the 4th angle. — BOTEITNV2ORIA. Three nails in the 1st, ringlets in the 2nd. and 4th, three points in the 3rd angle KA DVAVXAVXVNX Three nails in the 1st and 3rd, point in 2nd and 4th angles. —OVRAVAVOQHAX Ringel in the 1st 3..andı#, three dots in the 2nd:angle!. AA...J0ıy 1 k) Denarii with the hand of God on one side, the crowned heads on the other side (English type): 124. Hand of God between @ and A — Crowned bust with a cross staff to the right (cf. Hanka V, 7fg.) 64 pieces. (36 pieces weigh 46.55 g.)