Zeitschrift für Numismatik, vol. 10 — 1883

h

Amount of rare antique finance and antiquity knowledge. 178

Feminine, comes the wife of Asclepius, Hygieia Zü, which would then be recognizable in the relief za.

Finally, it is also noteworthy that one of these so- called “Heroenrelie£B” or death feast with a horse next to the j^Heros**, i.e. h. So in my opinion a Yotiy relief on Aescnlap^ bears the inscription: Aescalapio Tarentino Salenin's Areas; this inscription is explained far “ge&lscht^ (Communication from the German Archaeological Institute, Athens, YII, p. 169); But it is striking that she chose mine in 1878. According to the spoken opinion, the correct interpretation of the beliefs is: YotivreliefB to Asklepios, contains. — The belief in question is is in the British Museam as a gift from the i. J. died in 1803 Sir W Hamilton.

A.T. Sallet.

Infl Schutzper'sdhe Medal.

In HeiTD Adolf Mejer's article in the Vienna NmnismaüsclieQ Magazine 1882 pp. 103-109 about the Freiherm coins Scbatzper called Milchling, the beautiful one pictured above is missing Eiberrer gold medal, which is in the Eönigl. Coin cabinet located

It represents the Wilhelm Schutzpa-, Domscholasticus of Wflrzborg nnd canon death Speier. He was a son of Harb- man Schatzper zu Dreyss tmd uncle of Heinrich Hermann II, who receives the right to mint and the thalers discussed had pr^en. Wilhelm died on Joni 29, 1591. S. Köhler MB. I, p. 155.

This medal is by the same artist who created the dee famous bishops Ton Würzburg, Julius Echter Ton Mespel- bninn, made in 1575. The comparison between the two shows it.

J. Friedlaender.

175

Hedal of the Bappold family by Tobias Wolff.

(Plate IV.)

the poBsessor of an important and perhaps uxiiqae medal of German workmanship, I have been asked to pnblish it throngh the medium of the Nomismatic Chronicle of Berlin. The piece represents a whole family of persona, that 18 to say, a father, mother, and two children, the latter being of the ages of 6 and 1). According to an account giyen in Joecher's 'Schlauben-Lezicon', Daniel Rappold the father was bomb at Freibarg (in Silesia ?) in 1532, became a councilor of the Prince Bishop of Breslau, and was at one time Syndic of the City of Breslaa. He also figures as an aathor, having written a treatise styled ^^Historia de illestrissimo Silesiae dacata^, printed in “Scriptores rerum Silesiarnm by t. Sommersberg. He died in 1588. In this medal which bears the date 1574 he is described as the age of 41, his^ wife Anna WincUerin, being ten years younger.

Althongh no Signatare can be traced on the medal, it is oon- sidered by Dr. A.y. Sallet and Dr. Erman to be the ondoabted werk of Tobias Wolff, the distinguished goldsmith of Breslaa, who left that Gtty for Dresden, at the bidding of the Elector Adgnstos of Sazony, in the yery year in which this particular medal was ezecated. As Professor y. Sallet has so recendy made a special

y

176 T. Wliiteombe Greene.

stady of the works of ihis arüst, until decided judgment is alone sufficient diligence for the authorship of the piece, requested it may be well to draw attention to such points of eyidence as the for- mation of some of the letters in the legend, particularly of the doable ^ and the striking similarity of style between the por- trait of the mother and that of Victoria Heidenreich (see plate III of Part. 2. of the 3. Yol. of the magazine). The medal is no doabt of exceptional size, measuring nearly 62 mm, but the need of Space for portraits is enoagh to account for this. The relief is low, as in the case of WoliT's signed works, and the general treatment corresponds with bis style in all particolars. The medal is of silver gilt and has a ring for saspension at each extremity in addition to the twisted rim. It is said that Wolff was not, as so many of the Italian medallists were, a painter as well well as a goldsmith, bat the medal is decidedly of a pictorial rather than a scalptaresqae character, both as regards the obverse and the reverse. Its excellent presentation is probably owing to the two rings which prevent any rabbing of the sarface.

The execution, no less than the composition, is very remarkable- able: the rieh costames, the for, the hair, the chains, the jewels, and even the child's doli, being elaborated with a rare perfection of skiU, while the portraits are represented with marvelloas treth of natare. The work is at veritabe chef d'oeuvre of a medalist of the first order. I am not aware of the existence of a second specimen, asked a copy of the obverse in lead may be seen in the Germanic Maseam at Nuremberg.

T Whitcombe Greene.

177

The Hflnzfand by lyesehin.

Tif.V.

The one printed in the third issue of ZeitBohrift f&r Nomiematik Essay JLe tr^or de N^jine^ by the late Count S. Stro- Ganoff compels me out of respect for the deceased and the Truth su some remarks« If I myself put it on myself I would like to correct some errors in the above-mentioned essay, That's how I do it, after more than three years of employment I'm probably one of the most familiar with the question, thanks the very different circumstances that allowed me to do so, almost all the material available in different hands Russian coins from the 9th century XL with your own eyes studies.

I will have the results of these studies in mine in the spring Works “The oldest” published in Russian in 1882 Rusaisolien coins of the Grand Principality of Kiev^ deposited The same thing happened just a few days before the death of Count Stró- completely released to the public, so that the same I barely had the time I needed and could do it with attention. kcü read it when, barely a week before his death, which appeared in the journal for numismaticsiiiBa AufisMitz wrote down. Loh, I take credit for doing that

to earn the greatest goodwill from the deceased

13*

.H

178 Oraf Ivan Tolstoy:

was looking forward to the publication of my work with impatience. I thank this benevolence that he did not want to pass away (At the time of writing the essay he was harboring the most recent He realized that he would soon die, which he was very calm about spoke) without his voice over the ones in my first numerical matic attempts to have submitted the question addressed. This one his haste sufficiently explains how he made some erroneous decisions. statements carried away. Certainly he would get the same If he had come back, time would have allowed him to delve deeper question to enter. For my part, I believe it is a sacred duty against the deceased by making the errors of such a great lover of truth as Count Stroganoff was, to correct.

Without the question about the nationality of the people I am talking about I allow myself to touch the written coins yorderhand to send out the following comments:

1. It is not correct that I confirm all of my claims Predecessors of those contained in Nyeschin's finds Accept coins. I agree with them that that they are Russian coins is a completely independent one. constant classification, explain the lessons in a completely different way ings, the types of coins etc. As a result of my Classification eliminates the unnatural circumstance that the Finds that contained around 200 pieces of coins, mints a period of 170 years would be included, as one can see after the publication of my work, which was not Fighting classification of Mr. Voloshinski accepted. According to me, on the most convincing numismatic evidence (e.g. surfrapp^) contained the classification Found only coins of Saint Vladimir (988--1015), Sviatopolk's (1016) and Yaroslav the First (1016 and 1018 - 1054), and of the latter only those which minted in 1016 or 1017 ¥raiden. The Coins that were first given to Grand Duke George (1155-1157)

The Mdnitond toh IQesehin. 179

written like that, are, as I have proven, Jaros- law the first, who baptized George, abbreviated Jury led to attribute. A whole glass of clay Coins that Mr. Voloshinsky gave to Yaroslav the First shared by me are certainly Vladimir the Holy leagues assigned.

According to the purpose of my essay, I can my new interpretation of the inscriptions is not detailed here present. By the way, what Gree said should probably suffice, to make it clear, “que je n^ais pas accept^ toutes les assertions de mes pred^cesseurs*^.

2. The passages cited by Count Stroganoff from the The one he attributed to the same goes in the chronicles Evidence depends on the fact that, apart from the fact that one in the Chronicles finds some passages that have different meanings can be laid, one must not forget that also later, in the 14th and 15th centuries, the chroniclers just as rarely mention of the circulating coins, although their existence is beyond doubt. That, by the way the Russians in the 10th and 11th centuries not only traded trade, but also the use of coins were sufficiently known, as proven by the numerous finds of Muhammadan coins minted in Russia in the 10th and 11th century were buried and in our time have come to light.

3. The denial of Byzantine influence on the world Minting our coins is the case with such a connoisseur Byzantine numismatics, as the deceased was, almost incomprehensible. Count Stroganoff believes this To be allowed to deny influence for the following reasons:

a) he thinks that on our coins the ruler is imagined sitting, while this position is very rarely appeared on Byzantine coins, and then only until the end of the IX. century.

180 <3r«^ ^^«n Tolttoi:

b) dfiss sui the by^antmidchen examination of the emperor never is presented with the cross, like the Grand Prince aaf our Münssen, but with the Labarom.

c) that the cross on the coins in question is not by- Zantine, but Latin.

d) that the ruler does not wear the headgear Byzantine Emperor appears"

e) that the head of the Grand Duke is surrounded by a nimbus is surrounded while watching the Byzantine Emperors as early as the 8th century, it was already a given that since then the image of Christ on the back side attached

Of these five claims, only two are absolute correct: the first and the last; the rest are more as questionable.

It is incorrect that the emperors did not agree with this Crosses were presented: just on the coins of the Vladimir's brothers-in-law, the emperors Basil and Constantine they are, holding a long cross between them, posed; the cross is a patriarchal cross, in shape different from those that appear on our coins, which is natural, since the Grand Duke has no reason at all I would like to appropriate the Patriarchal Cross; the character But the teristic features of both crosses are the same: the same thickenings of the branches (öpatement), the same Peiien at the find etc.

The headgear of the Ghrosslord is purely Byzantine. Tiny and has nothing in common with the Western European ones crowns ; Incidentally, Count Strogano£F himself admits that that on some specimens the crown is Byzantine sd; but where did it seem to him that on others the If the crown were not Byzantine, it remains unknown constantly

The main difference between our type

The Minstad raged IQmhin. 161

Mfinsen and the Byzantine uiBo is the one that the Grossf&TBt is depicted sitting and his head is Yom Nimbus is surrounded by the live question now - is it possible on the basis of just these two peculiarities to yer^ Remember that Byzantine art had no influence at all had an impact on our character? I think it's Count Strom Ganoff himself wouldn't be long-term due to this egoisticalities alone in his assertion. stayed. In general, it seems to me that this statement based on a misunderstanding: he wanted to in his Essays probably just point out that it It would be impossible to rely on the Byzantine stamp. wise, from which ours were copied; the I am happy to assume that such a sentence is correct I usually present it in my rather detailed work himself had pointed out such originals. The academic Eunik had already in 1861 in his excellent net works on the coins of Yaroslav the First, what I refer to again and again in my book pull, critically proven that the representations on the Russian-Byzantine coins not iesx Byzantine are taken from coin dies, but from the contemporaneous ones Illustrations - paintings and miniatures; that aof this but the E[aiser often sitting and with the nimbus (the not always, as Count Stroganoff thinks, as “signe de bäUitude^ served) are shown is generally known. 4. It is incorrect that, apart from those found in Nyeshin Only two pieces with the name Vladimir are known are ; On the contrary, there is now a cover for them Number that have been found elsewhere. It is By the way, it's strange that Count Stroganoff is between the two copies that he considered not attached to the Nyeschin*- scientific discoveries, also a false one Slück states, namely Mr. Idsenko's copy,

182 Count Ivan Tolstoy:

which is marked JR, at the beginning of the paragraph is formed. 7 p.m. I have a whole ca- This chapter is dedicated to these f&lschongen and is it for me. long, even to determine the time of the forgery put. Without mentioning all the reasons I think d^ Uninformed coin science in my book to prove the falsehood of the piece, I think it's enough to just point out that even in the inscription on the piece in question (from which, by the way, is known to have several copies; one Audi In our CoUection) from the ignorant false one orthographical error has been made - namely, in the word CTOAC there must be no € at the end, but rather a 'h stand. What G-raf Stroganoff “pi^s form^ de deux piaques soudöes*' called^ are a&che galyanoplastic Gopien of the real coins (which I often find in the hand), which he bought for real years ago but never wanted to admit his mistake. His Note that the Moscow University copy yersity is also soldered together from two pieces incorrect and based on one that appeared years ago short article, but it has long been refuted.

5. Count Stroganoff's claim that at the first Attempts to mint coins are carried out rigorously everywhere a weight system would have held is more than questionable, By the way, I wrote about this in a Numismatic Journal nale probably don't have much to spread (the ones that are By the way, Yolleren gold coins are beaten in weight).

6. It is incorrect that some specimens are marked with the grave burins should be reworked. This blessing of Count Stroganoff comes from the fact that one is around the lines of the images and inscriptions on our coins really an insignificant yertiefting from both sides can notice. However, these Yertiefuxigen are therefore

The Hnnsiand too NjMchin. Ig3

stood that the stamps of the coins were minted not sanded smooth, hence the Tom graver on both sides of its movement ao^ebaasclite metal of the stamp when embossing deepened lines in the field of the left coin. 7. What the deceased said at the very end of his essay about burlesque work and plot search degradation of the Typus says it's hard for me to understand. It's true that our coins in their different stamps great inequality of skill among the different people Have die cutters, which is not only in the Middle Ages, but also occurs frequently in later times.

These comments should suffice to show how Unfortunately, the deceased had little insight into the question before he received it conscious AuÜBatz wrote and how little he had to do with my work was known, in which all the properties touched by him features are discussed in Extenso. By the way, said the Count Stroganof^ regardless of his wishes, even before his death a proof of his attention to my newly published work Under no circumstances should he deliver his note without delving deeper into the question He wouldn't have already planned to be penetrated, published Years (1861), even if only briefly, the same is treated by he in the Eöhne magazine for coins, seals and coats of arms customer have a completely independent opinion about the nationality of the put up coins that interested us. He meant that- times, some of the coins I described belonged to Oaüzien. I know that shortly before my release Work he persisted in his previous opinion, although him some facts made you suspicious.

The literature of the questions I have worked out is by the way geos very considerable, as there is a bibliographical one in my book Overview of over 280 works and artikeh since the beginning of the century have appeared, zusaounengestelli is The An-

184 Qraf IwM ToUtol:

Opinions about the origin of the coins varied widely; Since then Beichel has confessed to the theory that they are sud- were of Slavic origin ^ the authority of this numismatists seen so strongly on the other connoisseurs that most accepted its definition as axioms. This one The circumstance as well as the reason for the wealth for the southern Slavic theory won are pretty accurate in my book treated. According to the above-mentioned work of the academician But Kunik, in which he proved strictly scientifically that Our coins are not allocated to any other country than Russia one could believe that the previous announcements view would be a vanquished point of view. Even if I too in my work the question about the belonging of the coins to Russia, so I mainly took it into account Mainly, on the one hand, to exhaust the material if possible to treat, on the other hand, because I also have some new evidence for had discovered the Russian origins, which Mr. Kunik had yet to were known.

Finally, I would like to present a few reasons why which probably prove enough that the coins are Russian and that they were actually viable coins.

The following prove that these are Russian coins:

1. The locations of all known pieces in Russia itself or in neighboring countries.

2. The one according to three copies, which are in three different ones Finds of coins from other countries have been discovered, fixed time of minting (10th and IL year) hundred), entirely during the reign of the Russian Princes accordingly, whose names appear on the coins are read.

S. The peculiarity of the coinage, the ideas and the Lyrics that she is an independent company Coins united and them from all known coins other Slavic countries.

The Möufand too NJMchin. 185

Ludern I believe that these three facts are enough I touch on the Russian origin of the coins not other reasons that have already been mentioned before, such as, for example that the story is unparalleled in any other Slavic country Order of princes with the names Vladimir, Sviatopolk and Jaroslav, who all appear on our coins, etc.

But that our pieces are really viable coins and not Showpieces or medals have been proven to me others, the following facts:

L The already significant number of pieces found.

2. The wear and tear of most specimens found on one stall close circulation Ifisst

3. The AufiGindnng in such areas, where they only go could get there through trade.

4. The discovery of other people's coins in Gresellschafib Countries indicating the equality of their use

5. The external nature of the pieces and the meaning of them the writings on them.

6. The discovery of a significant number in one find (the Nyeschin's).

SrUftnmg the board T«

No. 1. Golden Mvnie Wltdimir of HeQigeii; In my Boebe plate 5» Fig. 8. No. 2. Silver coin of the same type, I., nacked from my glass biication; in mine

Bache plate 12, fig. 1. No. 8. Silver Mnoae of the same, IL type, according to my clarification; in mine

Boche plate 8, fig. 1. No. 4. Silver Mnnie of the same III. Type^ according to my goodness fieation; in mine

Beech plate 8, fig. 11. No. 6. SUbeme Manze of the same, IV. Type., according to my Qsssiüettion; in mine

Books plate 7, fig. 11. No. 6. Silver coin of SwiatopoIV, in my Bnche Tal 9, Fig. 8. No. 7. Silver Mfinse Jaroslaw s, II. Type. in my book Tal 9, Kg. 12. No. 8. Silver coin of Yaroslav, III. '^p. in my volume, plate 18, page 1.

St. Petersburg, October 1, 1882.

Gittf Ivan Tolstoy.

186

The YiotoiiateiifaiLd Ton Tareni

Around the middle of 1881 aaf the ground and ground of St Brnna near Taranto, an exceptional Finally, a small treasure consisting of Yictoriates was raised, which was determined by Professor Luigi Yiola for the Museo nazionale was acquired in Naples and so was science was preserved. Professor de Petra reported this find in a very detailed manner at the meeting of the Academia Pon- Toniana in Naples from September 2, 1881, which report later in Fiorelli'schen Noteie degli scavi 1881, pag. 408 flg. to Imprint arrived. This new find is of great importance, it is the second, more significant treasure, which is exclusively lich consisted of Victorians. Professor de Petra thought he was him first of its kind, but he overlooks the Victorian fnnd of Pisa, whose description by G. F. Gammurini in the 1st volume (1868), the Periodico di Numis published by Yom Marquis Strozzi matica e Sfragistica, and which is included in the equation here. will be drawn.

With the position so peculiar in the Roman silver courant The yield of the Yictöriat to the denarius is surprising analogous to the pure denarius treasures, which far exceed As we know, Yictoriates find themselves so rarely encountered, even more so than in

The ySctoriftteolaiid Ton TareDt. 187

Only a few barrels of denarii and Yictoiiate do not show themselves. Apart from the treasures of Gazlona, Roncofreddo, Liria, Gariara and Hew-Szamos ^), which a few undoubtedly normal If the victoriats contained scattered victoriats, these are probably the only ones that come into play here Findings from la Riccia and Maserit should be considered. The former, described by Grarmcci in the Periodioco di Nom. e Sfrag. Vol. Y, page 285 and yon Mommsen in the Journal for Numismatics Vol. II at 3005 denarii 150 victoriate, the latter, which Garracci in Issue 746 of the Civilta cattolica from July 16, 1881 only in advance also mentioned, on 998 denarii 123 victoriate.

The 191 Victoriates of the Taranto discovery are now divided as follows:

1. Victoriate without pickling 171 pcs

2. Victoriate with the symbol: lance tip 6 "

3. Victoriate with C and M ...... . 4 ,|

4. Victoriate with IVP 10 "

191 pieces.

The careful list of objects given by de Petra For the sake of its importance, please keep this in mind at all times. follow pressure. They weighed:

1. The Victoriate without symbols.

Egg specimens. Gr. specimens. Gr.

1 2.74 1 8.09

1 2.80 8 840

1 2.90 1 8.11

1 2.96 2 8»12

2 2.98 2 8.14

1 2.99 8 8.15

2 8^00 1 8.16 2 8.08 8 847 2 8.04 8 8.19 8 8.05 5 8.20 8 8.06 8 8.21 1 8.07 6 8.82 1 8.08 4 8.28

1) mvmmmn (BdÜ. BImm) D, 8. 124, 186 » 140, 144 and 47L

^

M. Bahrfeldt:

Egg specimens.

Gr.

5

3.45

6

3.46

2

8.47

2

3.49

2

3.50

1

3.51

2

8.54

1

3;>5

1

3.56

2

8.59

1

8.60

2

3.61

1

3.64

1

8.66

1

3.70

1

3.74

1

8^

1

4.04

188

specimens. Gr.

3 3.24

4 3.25

7 8.26

8 8.27 4 3»28 8 3.29

8 3.80

9 3.31 4 3.32 8 3.84 2 3.85 8 3|36 1 3.37

1 8^

4 3^

2 3.40

5 3.41

3 8.42 2 8.44

Average weight of these 171 pieces is 3.29 grams

a denarius of 4.28 gr.

2. Yictoriate with accompaniment: lance tip.

specimens. Gr. specimens. Gr.

1 3.04 1 3.40

2 8.24 1 8.50 1 3.33

Average 3.29 gr. = a denarius of 4.38 gr.

3. Yictoriate with C and M.

specimens. Gr. specimens. Gr.

1 8.29 1 3.32

1 8.80 1 3.34

Average 3.31 gr. = a denarius of 4.41 gr.

4. Yictoriate with IVP.

specimens. Gr. specimens. Gr.

1 2.80 2 8.24

12.% 1 8.27

1 8.09 2 8.85

1 3.15 1 8.64

Average 3.21 gr. »> a denarius of 4.28 gr. What catches the eye is the almost always high sound wicht sänuhtlicker Yictoriate; only 7 stack of anonymoi and 1

The YietorktonAiiid tod Taranto. 189

the Yictoriaie with ^ weigh less than 3 gr., the majority of Stfidke, on the other hand, moves within the limits of 3.30 to 3.40 gr., indeed a not inconsiderable portion of the coins the latter weight actually increases quite significantly.

Perhaps if the preservation information were given in a specialized manner, just a regular Yictoriate for those 8 less important pieces allow perspectives to be gained for the analysis of the same, but onterUess de Petra unfortunately this for the distribution of coins The information that was found to be absolutely necessary is limited to more just on the general note that although none of the coins like new, but on the other hand none due to circulation was worn out, but the degree of preservation was definitely peaceful^).

I used to write in the Journal for Numismatics Vol. Y, P. 38 flg. in contrast to Mommsen, History of the Roman Coinage, pp. 390 and 396 stated that the Yictoriat probably adopted almost simultaneously with the creation of the silver denarius had been made and with this he also made a reduction at the same time have to drive. The primitive heavy denarius of ^/^^ pound = 4.55 gr. would be a Yictoriat of 3.41 gr. correspond to the re- duced denarius of ^/^^ pounds, = 3.90 gr. a yictoriat of 2.92 gr. Now the reduced yictoriat only goes below the normal weight 4 Yictoriate down the entire find, weighing the weight of the heavy Yictoriats of 47 pieces, i.e. i. of 25 pCt. more sunny, is reached and exceeded. Because of these facts it seems to me undoubted that the Yictoriate of the treasure from Tarentum all to the heavy foot, the treasure So it is buried in front of the reduction and the Yictoriate with it Lance tip, with C M and with f^ are among the oldest.

A confirmation of what has been said here comes from one Yei^equation with the above-mentioned Yictoriate find from Pisa.

They can be found in the treasure of:

1) .Nessuna moneta y\ e rnspe, ma altreai neppnre una ehe sensibilmante aia logora per l*iuo; Tutta la masaa appariace in ono state soddiaüaceiite di eon- aenraaione, aoehe peiehe gli eeemplari aüatto nuovi sono pareeohi.* —

M.

BahdAldt:

Taranto:

Pisa:

Vicioriate without symbols

Yictoriate without interjections.

with lance tip

Lance tip C and M

C and M

JVP

•

JVP

ear

Eenle

Pentagon

v

%■

The types of the T€u*ent treasure are therefore also in that of Pisa, so that one can see this similarity the composition certainly the treasure of Taranto fftr the äl-^ teren hold and the yictoriate with ear, club, pentagon, V, Q^ and >ff as the younger ones, struck after its excavation Can view pieces.

This Yictoriate of the Treasure of Pisa is also allowed as before the reduction, not just the weights for the sake of careful information about the preservation Each piece gains in value, but also because the corresponding speaking corresponding denarii on the whirring foot of Vt, Pfd. lead.

The profit we derive from these two treasures would therefore be a safe, independently found, chronological logical fixation of the emission of a series of yictoriates.

1) According to Gammürinifl's report, the Shats contained Pisa Viet(»iate with K and with M. A tone taken from me by Yoi in the museum of However, the treasure kept by Florena revealed that the K was a Tenmstaltes \ and the Yictoriat with M is one with G.M. See here but my opinion Travel report “Consular men in Italian collections” in Berlin in 1877 Weidnunn.

Berlin. M. Bahrfeldi.

191

Neen acquisitions from my coin collection.

1. Denarius of the gens Nomonia restored by Trajan. Vf. C NVMONIVS VAALA head r.

Ä/. IMP C AES TRAIAN AVG GER DAC PP REST. In Section VAALA Warrior against one of two soldiers data defended Yerhan charging.

The Ton Cohen, Consolaires, plate XLY, 8, pnbli- A copy from the Paris collection has the inscription the /?/*. not complete.

2. Denarius of Gordianas IL (Africanns filios), Cohen 5.

8. Silver coin of Gordianas III, Cohen 10. The same has aaf the head side the bust of the emperor n. L and the Rf, AEQVITAS AVG.

4. Billon denarius from Postamas.

Vf. POSTVMVS PIVS FELIX AVG Laureate bust of the Emperor n. L, the also laureated head of Hercales partially covering.

RF, CASTOR * Castor with the Diaskaren hat, one of a wide band over the bread coat held loosely coiled, protrudes turned to the right his horse striding to the right. Missing Cohen.

5. Postamas.

Vf. Same inscription, but the heads to the right. RF HERCVLI ARGIVO Cohen 48.

ZdtMhrlll for HomlsmAtik. Z.X4

192 P-^&n Vleuten:

6. Postumus.

Vf, Same transcription and Darsbellong.

RJ. HERCVLI DEVSONIENSI * Bust of Hercules left. Cohen YII, 14 and de Witte 74 have these Coin inaccurate based on a defective specimen described; they hold them over their shoulders from the drawn legs of the lion's skin, which the her- cules head covered, for the club, while my exem- plar shows that the club is visible in the right hand, carried on the right shoulder.

7. Postumus. Same F/*) ^^^ <^^ Heads n. 1.

RJ. HILARITAS AVG . Standing woman with FüDhom and long palm branches at their feet on each side child. This coin is missing from Cohen.

8. Postumus. Quinar size.

VJ. POSTVMVS AVG 'The heads to the right. RJ. SALVS AVG Cohen 159.

9. Victorinus. Billon coin or heavily silver-plated button piece.

VJ. IMPCVICTORINVSPFAVG- bust with the rays Crown n. L, a scepter in the visible right hand holding; the left shoulder is decorated with a Shield covered.

RJ FORT REDVX like Cohen 26. The coin is with this one (very well executed) VJ. unfinished.

10. Tetricus silver coin with the RJ COMES AVG Cohen 4.

11. Tetricus silver coin with the RJ. SPES PVBLICA Cohen Vn, 52, (in BiUon) see Berl. BL f. Coin. seals, etc., m. Vol., p. 165.

12. Constantine the Elder Gr. Small button, quinar size.

VJ. CONSTANTINVS PF AVG . naked head to the right RJ SAPIENT PRINCIPIS in section PTR bird (owl?) sitting on an era, next to it a helmet, shield and

No acquisition. 193

liance. The RJ, like Cohen 450, however, is the coin

with this VJ, anedirted. The coins discussed here were minted in the Rhine Province. found; I have the exact find report about 4 - 11 in the Bonn yearbooks issue LXXII, p. 82; the discovery report above 1 - 3 will be prepared for a later issue of the same magazine. prepared.

Bonn, 1882.

F. van Ylenten.

14^

194

Two Italian medals.

Bembo. Rangoon.

The reverses of Italian Renaissance medals are often difficult to interpret, so every, even the smallest contribution here might not be entirely worthless. I'm therefore giving here two small ones insignificant observations, which I have already mentioned briefly in the “Numis- matic society^ goal.

A date around 1520, not unpleasant, but something dry medal (40 million) on Pietro Bembo, minted, shows on On one side his bearded portrait stands to the left, next to it PETRI * BEMBI ' On the back we see one on one man lying in the water, half-dressed in the ancient style, behind him a densely leafy forest. As far as I know, the figure was as the Arno. But on good copies you can see that Small head with great resemblance to the bust on the main side has; it is the poet Bembo himself, with whom it is clearly recognizable Bare pen in hand, at the edge of the dense forest Lying in a stream, exactly according to Horace's description:

sed quae Tibur aquae fertile prefluunt et spissae nemorum comae began Aeolio carmine nobilem.

The "spissae comae"^ are quite deliberate and exaggerated highlighted on the medal.

Bembo had lived in Rome since 1512 as the Pope's secretary that Yerse and the representation are also very suitable locally. Who the medal made, we do not know, some similarity with

Two iCalieikitche medallions. 195

the sterile works of Yalerio Belli, who in late Later, in 1532, as Bembo himself testifies, a medal was awarded to him did^) —

A very common one in poor specimens, but in perfect ones and then almost always artistically chased casts but not The medal that is easy to find is the beautiful piece with the portrait of the doctor and humanist Thomas Rangone (f 1577) and the lying goddess on the other side:

Vf. THOMAS • PHILOLOG VS • R AVENN AS • Bearded chest picture right, with robe, sometimes in the field in 1562.

/?/. A- lO VE- ET- SORORE GENITA Lying naked woman, Looking to the left, an eagle flying towards them lays a child at her breast. The group is surrounded of stars. Below is a flower with three blossoms three birds fly up. El 40 million

The back of this beautiful medal, which is completely un- possibly attributed to the Pomodello (doubtful in the British Museum Synopsis No. 85; it's already chrono- logically inconceivable, and the style is completely different), is, As far as I know, it hasn't been interpreted anywhere, apart from Mazzuchelli's simple explanation, the "a Jove et sorore genita^ refers to the birth of Heracles.

But the interpretation of the mythological representation is with Hands to grab: “a Joye et sorore genita^ refers of course only to the daughter of Jupiter and his wife and sister Juno; but the daughter of this pair of gods is Hebe, Roman Juventas, the goddess of youth and rejuvenation (thus pleads old Jolaos to be fit to fight with Eurysthens to be, to lift to rejuvenate for a day:

1) Armand, lee medalan italieos p. 70. In the synopsis of the Italian Medals from the British Museum will probably be sent to Friedl&nder The medal belonging to Cellini is dedicated to Belli.

196 A. ▼. Sallet: Two Italian medals.

fjQaaay ^üßfl Zrjvi d''*^f^iQav fjilav

vsog yevia&ai. Euripid. Heraclid. y. 851). So the representation means that Beard the Hebe and is very suitable for the depicted chooses: Thomas of Ravenna was a famous doctor who... Healed Count Rangone of serious illness (and for that was given the name Raugone), the birth of the Goddess of Ver- Young age is therefore a beautiful and tasteful back Medal of the celebrated doctor, perhaps ambiguous in view to his own old age in 1562.

A.V. Sallet.

197

The Senar find from Meppen.

Recently there is a significant one that was supposedly made near Meppen Discovery of Westphalian denarii, weighing about 2| kilograms got here, the review of which was given to me by its owner, Mr Banker Hahlo was kindly permitted to do so. The following things are embossed in it:

I. Duchy of Westphalia, Soest.

Siegfried v. Westerburg, Archbishop of Köbi 1275-1297.

a) SIFRIDVS - GPISaOPV the sitting archbishop right- turned backwards, with book and staff. Ä/. OIVITHS SVSHaiaH- CLIS 6ST Gothic oak portal with 2 towers, in the gate the Soest mint mark, which is similar to a scbl&sselloche. cap, Cologne, Tf. XII, 202.

The transcriptions, as stated above, can only be used can be seen on a few copies, they change considerably but on most pieces of this numbering in the thousands Coin not fully legible due to incomplete minting, because this denarius also suffers from the former West Filipan Bad custom of a chip that is too small in relation to the stamp lings, although not to the same extent as the Münster ones and Osnabrück's.

b) + SlFRia V — ePISaO' Siegfned with a blessing right

and crook. Rf. TKS SVSHT church portal with

a larger central tower between two flags and two small side towers. Only 6 copies Cappe a. a. O. XII, 205.

198 ^®r Ddaarfnnd Ton Meppen.

It is probably based on error that Cappe told the archbishop gives a book in the right.

n. Diocese of MUnrter. Gerhard y. d. Mark 1261—1275.

6erhar-ds epic the bishop seated to the right with a blessing Rights and book. Rf, Paul apost (also Sanctus Paul) head of apostle. — 25 copies

Cap Münster, plate 11, 32, Grote . Munzstud. I, p. 240 No. 35.

JEberhard v. Died 1275-1301. avaRH — AR3VS ÖP i?/. Paul apostle, also Sant Paul aposto and similar, as are the inscriptions in many cases - soft and partially disfigured. Same guys, by the way. — Cappe III, 36, 37, Grote a. a. 0. 1, 240, No. 38.

Ludwig n, Landgrave v. Hesse 1310 - 1357. The same character, but with +IiODe - VIQVS. — 32 copies Mader V, Taf.VI,49, Cappe HI, 45, Grote a a. O.I, p. 254, no. 51,

It is noteworthy that on all copies of the Bishop appears turned sideways, while yet from all three Prelates also had denarii with the forward-looking image are which by no means surpass the others in rarity. If it can now also be assumed with regard to Ludwig that this one denarii encountered. those with forward-looking bishops in the Age precedes, this probably explains the lack of the latter, but not those with Gerhards and Eberhards alike- like character. We're just going through this relationship our find leads to the assumption that both species struck in various mints; takes it too Grote (a. a. 0., p. 182) for the time in question one more second episcopal church other than that of Münster itself. It seems then almost that the present denarii all come from the northern of these two mints.

The denarius fimd toq Meppen. 199

Except the ones above marked according to the number of pieces But there were also a much larger number of others who were denarii Münsterscher present, whose attention is too inadequate Remains of transcription were impossible.

in. Diocese of Osnabrück.

Konrad n, Count of Ritberg 1270-1296.

a) i^QONPÄD — US episc (and similar) the bishop sitting, with staff and book. Rf, Civitatis Ofenbrugensis (or similar) Tower between 2 flags over an arch in which the Wheel. — Cappe, plate VII, 22—25, Grote Münzstud. IV, p. 90, No. 38-40, plate HI, 38.

b) Similar, only the bishop holds the book in his right hand and the staff in his left hand. — Cappe Yll, 21, Grote a. a. Oh, P. 91, No. 41.'

Ludwig, Count of Ravensberg 1297-1308.

Similar to Eonrad's first type, only with "^LODS . (epis). 10 copies — Cappe VII, 26, Grote a. a. O., Plate III, 47.

Here too, as with Münster, the vast majority were so deficient in the transcriptions that a separation de? It was impracticable under the influence of both of the above-named bishops In any case, the Eonrads are at least 20 to 30 times more numerous than that of his successor Ludwig, while the opposite is true should expect. What is particularly striking, however, is the complete absence the Widenbrücker denarii, although this place is in the area the mint represented here is located. As is well known, the widths Bridger denarii of Eonrad II can be easily recognized by the fact that the Bishop holds an imperial orb in his left hand instead of a book whereas Ludwig drives a rose instead, if at all this denarius is secured for him (see Grote op. cit. 97, No. 49).

200 I^or Draarfond from Meppen.

lY. Lip.

Simon 1275-1344.

SIMON^HOBILl (also declining) portrait with raised cT Right and rose under a triple arch, above which between two low buildings decorated with flags Tower rises. Rf. MON — BTH L — IPPQ (also declining) Triangle with a rose in the middle and a cross inside every angle. 177 copies - Grote Münzstud. V, plate IV, 44, P. 191, No. 44-46.

Y. County Mark.

Eberhard 1277-1308.

♦ evaRÄÄR— DVSaOSne the seated count with a sword and branch. /?/. ISeReßLOH QIVITäS church portal, in whose gates have a bust. 71 copies - Grote Bl. for coin studies n, plate Vn, 64.

A rarer variety has the name SRhHRDV written and behind civitas there is QV (also: cusus).

The main mass of ours soon after 1310 (the Münster Ludwig's enthronement) buried find formed the Soesters and Osnabrück pfennigs, which the Münsters owned in number came closest; the Lippe and Märkische only kicked in the small number indicated. All these coins that large but thin Soester, Iserlohner and Lippischen both, than the small fat ones from Münster and Osnabrück, are from the same severity, so despite their so different appearance see them as being of equal value with each other and face each other in the mixture described represents a not insignificant fund, from the composition as found at the place of discovery, itself

1) On the contrast between the broad denarii of Lippstadt, Soest, Iserlohn nnd Essen, za the small fat (Weweling- höfem), already makes Grote (Mzstud. V, 187; attentive and also mentioned Similar denarii finds in Bremen.

The denarius found clay Meppen. 201

coinless ^) Meppen could expect; only the nearest ones to the south located mints are represented. Therefore, you can talk about it The lack of actual rarities is not so surprising and need not necessarily assume that the find is how However, this happens all too often, before his best intentions just been robbed; There is also some evidence against this The fact that he was still uncleaned when he arrived condition, about a quarter unrecognizable due to verdigris.

H.D.

1) I know well that Otto I gave the right to mint to the abbot of Gonrei in 946 for Meppen Terlenhen, but no one knows Meppen yet Embossing.

202

Gottfried lay.

(Plate VI.)

Among the important artists, the Great Elector called into his service was also the famous iron cutter, copper engraver and medalist Gottfried Leigebe or Leygebe; he changes in spelling.

We owe what little we know of his life we meet Andreas Gulden from Nuremberg i). Leigebe was in 1630 Born in Freistadt in Silesia, became a sword sweeper, left in 1645 to Nuremberg, where he learned the art of iron cutting Appointed to Berlin in 1668 and died here in 1683.

He was famous early on, in 1660, when he was thirty years old was old, made by the engraver Andreas Greiff in Nuremberg his portrait in a scraped manner. Panzer describes it in his “Directory of Nuremberg Portraits” p. 144 in detail, too Nagler in the Monogrammen-Lexicon No. 589. A second one, too The portrait from 1673 described by Panzer is by J. J. Metzger and introduces the 43-year-old layman. Both leaves are located in the Germanisches Museum, as director Dr. Food wine kindly informed me.

L As an iron cutter, Leigebe is the most famous master,

1) Neo villages, news from Eünstlem etc, along with the Fortsetsim^j^ tone Andreas Oulden, published by Lochner, Vienna 1875, p. 208. Doppelmayr, News Ton Nuremberg Mathematicis etc., IKümberg 1730, is of little use New.

Gottfried Leibebe. 208

-how he was probably the first one to be so difficult to deal with in this independent eonstwerks produced the material in question.

Whatever one may say about the style of his works, the instruction is excellent; he overcame the hardship of this metal that it appears soft like modeled wax double Mayr has removed the three statuettes in his own way. formed, which were built out of solid iron blocks. has cut They are:

1. Emperor Leopold in antique style, to Marc Aorel Capitol's sound fem reminiscent^ in the years 1660 to 1662 manufactured; now in the Maseam of Copenhagen.

2. King Charles II of England, as Set George the Dragon combating, begun in 1662; in the Dresden Museum.

3. The Great Elector on horseback, in the Berlin Museum. He is wearing a helmet in fantastic Roman costume but the set. George Medal of the Order of the Garter a band that runs from the left shoulder over the breast hangs. Galloping, he swings the spear^ beneath him lies a dragon with three heads, that of a lion, one goat and a dragon.

On the base of the is stamped with hallmarks GOTTF:

LEYGEBE * 1680 - On the one mentioned by Kujpfer

This statuette is depicted in a engraving portrait from 1673

noticed: the time spent working on it is 3 years.

Then it would have been finished in 1673, which is why

1680 on the base doesn't fit. It also says that

Elector be Jb in the form of the noble knight PeUerofondt^)

(Bellerophon) shown; This probably explains double

Mayr*'s Fed illustration, depicting the horse as Pegasus

bUdei

A small male bust joins this work,

in the costume of the time, which the late Assessor Robert -

Tomow owned it and now owned it by their Imperials

Highness the Crown Princess. This bust can be him, though

204 J. Friedlaender:

it is not labeled, can certainly be attributed. Likewise one Stock button cut in iron in the Germanic Mosenm Nuremberg. According to the kind information of the Director, Dr. Essenwein consists of a richly decorated bust with horns.

There used to be several small iron works by Leigebe in the so-called Eunstkammer, Kugler has it in his writing of the same, p. 246 et seq. listed. Since the art If the Chamber has been distributed, the similar works must be included This master is now sought after in three different collections become. The Department of Modern Sculptures has: The statuette mentioned also has a small relief, the Heliodor depicting, on the reverse side are Leigebe's initials - beaten. The trade museum preserves the oval capsule and the sword button with the Hercules and Centaurs, this un- Both small works of art are of wondrous quality. leadership, and fully deserve the praise that Kugler gives them. shares. Numbers 389 and 392 mentioned by him will hopefully be You can also find it again: a medallion with the bust of Heilands, on the back the ball with the Ejrenz and G. L., and a crouching little man.

The HohenzoUem Museum finally has the one at Kugler Life-size bronze medallion of the Great listed under 393 Electors, it is inscribed: 1671- G. LEIGEBE AD VIV: FEGIT 'This work is also filled with Leigebe's usual astonishment- worth the effort chiseled. Of course, it is not the case with Schlüter's version of the head of the Great Elector, whose Ancient magnificence can only be fully recognized by the cast brings this colossal EUiup closer to our attention; but still earned Leigebe's medallion from the unworthy place where it is now kept in the halls of the Hohenzollem Museum to be transferred and displayed there.

n. I only know two of Leigebe's engravings. A

Gottfried Leibebe. 205

scraped mediocre portrait of Georg Pfrundt; this one was Engineer, wax embosser and sculptor in Nuremberg, 1604 in Born Baiem and died in Darlach in 1663. He should have some spent some time working with Yarin in Paris.

Leigebe's other sheet is a good piece of gravestone work in large quarto format: a prince on horseback, in the costume of the time; a hand from heaven holds out a wreath to him the inscription: victory comes from heaven. The free and beautiful one The use of the grave graver suggests that the artist has been since that first work engraved some other sheets that we

don't know. The two listed here are with /^eigebe

denotes; they are in the royal. Copper engraving cabinet

A Stammbach sheet of his is also kept there, Gottfried Leigebe signed and dated Nuremberg 1660 Autograph accompanies a watercolor: a rock with a sundial, The sage says verbum dei, instead of the hour numbers you can see the symbols of the trades: hatchet, cup, sword, key and others; The sundial is irradiated by the so-called God's aoge. A winged boy, very special, kneels next to the rock failed.

Another one, unnamed, but certainly belonging to him Sheet contains drafts, partly biblical representations, partly combat scenes, according to the curved edges there are signs Iron ornamental rates determined^).

Finally, in Seyler's work there is life and deeds Frederick William the Great p. 1, an engraving printed, under which G. Leygeb delini: stands. It's a medal like bust portrait of the elector, next to which two allegorical ones Shapes, war and science, sit; by no means beautifully drawn. The book was only published in 1730, as a leigebe had already been dead for almost half a century, the mediocre one

1) Other drawings, mostly hunting scans, are from Leigebe's son Paul Karl, whom we met downstairs.

206 J' Friedlaender:

Engraver G. P. Basch, who engraved this sheet - the best boasted G. F. Schmidt first teacher — worked in since 1713

Berlin. So an old drawing by Leigebe was used.

<

None of his sons had their first name G. (Balthasar Gottfried died as a boy), therefore the drawing is by Gottfried fried Leygebe, the father.

in. TheMedajillas; they have never been put together I can therefore only give those that are here located; they are certainly not all of the ones he made.

He identified himself on the medals, as he did on his little ones Iron sculptures G. L. WiU, the author of Nurnberg'schen Coin amusements (Th. ü, p. 144) even doubted that Leigebe was a medalist, he thinks the letters G.L. could mean another artist, e.g. B. Georg Lunder, one Norwegian; But Wül himself says that this Lunder in 1765, when Will wrote, could still have lived, therefore they can, with Medals marked with the years 1664 to 1680 are impossible be from him.

Only it can be proven that those marked G.L Medals are really Leibebe's works. We know that he lived in Nuremberg until 1,668, now the 6 medals represent the The years 1664 to 1667 were all Nuremberg residents; went in 1668 he went to Berlin, and the 12 medals from 1669 represent the Electoral family and an electoral minister, too two Dresdeners. The following overview shows it.

1.

1664

G.L

Dilherr.

Nümbig.

2.

1665

G.L

Gntth&ter.

Nuremberg.

3.

1666

olinft

Dilherr.

Nfimberg.

4.

1666

G.L

Kaoffmaa

NOmberg.

5.

1667

G.L

Dilherr,

Nuremberg.

6.

without year

G.L

Yours. .

Nuremberg.

Gottfried Leibebe. 207

7. without year G. L. Great Elector Berlin.

8. 1669 G. L. Great Elector Berlin.

9. 1670 G. L. Elector Dorothea Berlin.

10. 1673 G. L. Electoral Prince Karl Emil .... Berlin.

11. 1673 G. L. Prince Friedrich BerUn.

12. 1675 G. L. Burger ......... Dresden.

13. 1677 G. L. Electoral Prince Friedrich Berlin.

U. 1678 without Zipfel Dresden.

15. 1679 G. L. Electoral Prince Friedrich and Elisabeth

Henrietta Berlin.

16. before 1680 G. L. Canstein Berlin.

17. 1680 G. L. Prince Philipp Wilhehn. . . Berlin.

18. without year G. L. Grosser Elector and Dorothea Berlin.

So G. L., who was documented in Nuremberg until 1667, from 1669 on demonstrably worked in Berlin, this fits exactly for Leigebe, So there can be no doubt that G.L. means Gottfried Leigebe

These medals are partly cast and chased, partly carved shapes. The cast ones are the older ones, the 6 Nuremberg medals The dailles are all cast, including the first Berlinische. First from 1669 is the oldest minted. If Kugler (Royal Art- kammer, p. 246) says that fiefdom is also possible through die cutting been led to create independent works of art made of iron do, the opposite seems correct: he first has iron carved, then embossed and cast, and finally, 14 years before his death, he cut stamps, at least I don't know of any earlier minted medals.

His cast medals are by far the better ones, because the models are freely modeled in wax. You are one of them latest cast; the technique of stamping, which is annoying for medals Cutting and coining became the custom at this time; the bigger one Elegance and the ease of minting many copies quickly, sold the beautiful old work of modeling and casting. It is particularly striking with these Leigebe^ medals that how much freer and more artistic the cast ones are. The four from

Timeline for Namibian Studies. X. 15

208 ^' Friedlaender:

formed medal D, by Guttäter with the grazing horse the downside, that of Borger and his wife, that of Kaoff- man, the oval ones in the Great Eorforsten are also masterpieces, while some of the embossed ones are downright ugly.

The ideas of almost all of the Ghrossen Elector's medals are witty and apt, the inscriptions also beautiful and proud. The medal on the war between Poland and Sweden and on the three-day battle near Warsaw: opus hie erat arbitro, and two fighting eagles, above which is a third, larger one Sword and shield floats. Another on the liberation of the Province of Prussia and the famous winter campaign: quem this vidit veniens superbum, hunc dies videt fugiens iacentem, and on one side the lion attacks the eagle^ on the other the eagle pursues the lion.

Perhaps the Elector himself gave these ideas, perhaps Otto von Schwerin or the highly learned minister Ezekiel Span- heim, which has a famous work de usu et praestantia numorum antiquorum wrote. These men were at school of the great Dutch philologists from Leyden. But that not all good ideas are suitable for visual representation, wasn't clear to them. And even thoughts that are beautifully presented could be, appear here ofi; in poor, even ugly, Images that eagles e.g. B. like crows. Just what the artists in What was in front of their eyes was what they imitated in the Dutch in a true and characteristic way. Therefore they are Similar images and well worked.

This general judgment also applies to fiefs; the cha- According to his era, all idealization was far from him, he was a skilled artist based on craftsmanship. But also the other famous medalists of the Great Elector, Raimund Faltz, Höhn, J. B. Schultz and others, worked almost in the same way.

Gottfried Leibebe. 209

Leigebe's medals follow here in chronological order. Detailed descriptions did not seem necessary almost all described in detail in the places cited and many are also shown. Where “oval^” is not added, these are medals round; Whether it is cast or embossed depends on everyone said. To the right I call the head whose right eye is one sees

1. 1664. Cast. 49 million.

VJ. lOH ME • DILHERR9 PAP-P NOR • JETAT •

59. Bust portrait of vom.

Rf. Stands up in a landscape of rocks and trees to an altar a crucific; at the front of the altar the small Dilher coat of arms, at the base of the altar is written in 1664. A small dove flies towards us. Down on a band I REST IN THE ROCK HOLES- At the bottom G*L

Equal. Munzkab. Will IH 296 12. On the following page No. 3 says: in foraminibus petrae quiesco. In Hohen Liede Cap. 2 Yers2 it says in the Vulgate: Co- lumba mea, in foraminibus petrae — ostend mihi faciem tuam.

2. 1665. Cast. 52 million

VJ. HIERONYMUS • GuTTHiETER • iETA • 48 • See the Illustration. On the section of the arm G * L ' 1665. S. AD • MELIORA See the picture. Royal Coin box Will IV 339 with a good illustration, Imhof p. 768, ibid p. 382 is the drawing for this one medal described; instead of the transcription it has the Head W. H. iBTA* S'27; what probably the name of the illustrator means

15'

A

210 J« Friedlaender:

3. 1666. Cast. 37 million

Vf, lOH • MICH • DILHERRUS NAT9 U. OCT. 1604 Brast-

picture to the right. Rf, IN F0RAMINIB9 PETR^ QUIESCO Crucifix in a

Rocky land cliafit, a dove flies towards; below 1666.

Royal Coin box WiUni p. 296 13 and 14.

This medal does not have the initials of Leigebe^s however

it resembles the medals of the same famous theologian

from 1664 and 1667, which have G. L.

4. 1666. Cast. 44 million

F/. BALTH • KAUFFMAN • CH • & CHYMIC9 • iET • 35 •

Bust portrait of vom. fiy. ARCTE RnBRA ALBA TEGuNTUR Landscape, left Forest, in the middle. enclosed garden, its gate is locked, at the gable of the gate is G. L. Im Background the sea. In front a lion and an eagle. Above the so-called God's eye with the name Jehovah. See the illustration Kgl. Coin box This very beautiful The tin copy is certainly that of the artist himself chiseled model for further castings. They poured such mo- Dents are often made in tin or lead because they are soft metals can be chiseled most easily and finely. This example plar does not have the year 1666, but others do. Imhof p. 801.

The flip side relates to alchemy, which is the GHirurgus and CHYMIGus will have operated; the red one The lion and the eagle are often mentioned. The yer closed garden probably means the secret of the stone the wise.

5. 1667. Cast. 26 MiU.

Vf. I . ME DILHERR9 P. E. P. P. AND MT. 63

Bust to the right. Below 1667.

Qottfned fief. 211

Rf. Open book, on the sheet on the left is IN FORA | MI- NIB9 I PETRAE | QVIESCO; on the sheet to the right the crucifix shown^ on its sides is below 6. L. Left of the beech rock and trees, above the flying dove on the book, the Dilherr symbol on the floor cal coat of arms.

Equal. Coin box Will IH 296, 15.

6. No year, but certainly before 1668.- Cast. 41 MiU.

VJ. lODOCCHRISTOPHKRESVnVIR&SCHO- chest picture to the right. On the section of the arm G.L. Ä/. VTROQVE CLARVS A helmet over the coat of arms Shield and an open book, which lie diagonally against each other are leaning^ between them a sword made of a laurel branch surrounded.

Equal. Coin box Wants U 155 and 160. The presentation The person asked is a Nuremberg man, so it is very true- apparently that Leigebe won the medal in Nuremberg has made In 1668 Leigebe was called to Berlin. Man would like to assume that the following medal of the Great Kur- prince was the first work he produced for him. The 1620th The born prince appears here at about fifty years old.

7. 1668? Poured. Oval, 50 to 39 million.

See the illustration. The set hangs above the armor. George Medal of the Order of the Garter from the left shoulder. On the section of the right arm G.L.

Equal. Coin box Not at Oelrichs, but at Ampac schen catalog, Th. HI, p. 90, 10926 f.

The Great Elector received the order from Karl U. in 1654, who was then living in exile in Paris; 1668 He subsequently received the habit of the order also not uncommon on the Electorate's coins.

212 J- Friedlaender:

The identical reverse side also comes with a profile Head of the Great Eorfarsten, united to the right. So this profile head is also from Leigebe. Mr. Country Judge Dannenberg has a copy.

8. 1669. Minted 58 MiU.

Vf. FRID- WILH- D- G- MAR- BR- ET ELECTOR &« The Eorforst blows up to the right, in the Electorate Costume, up in the field a ribbon with DEO on it DUCE, COMITE PAGE, SEMPER REDIT is written. On There are olive and palm branches on the floor. In section

^' 1669 ^•

Rf, M • BRANDENB • is in the section. Mark as a woman with the wall crown, holding a child in her arms, has in on the right a ribbon on the TuTA Suß ALIS TUlS stands. The eagle hovers above it, the wreath in its beak, the olive branch in the claws.

Royal Coin box Oelrichs explained Brandenburg Medal Cabinet Plate XXXIII, Seyler p. 91. There are a similar stamp, without G. L., it is a bit ugly- more formal and probably not from serfs.

9. 1670. Minted 50 million.

On the birth of Princess Maria Amalia. DIViE DORO TH^ etc. Bust portrait of the Electress on the right, around- giving curtains, below G.L.

Rf. QllAE PATRE SCEPTRIGERO etc., the long in- writing is in concentrated circles. A crowned Pahn tree on a hill, with the name of the tree on either side Newborns. In section COL. BR. NOV 16 1670. Royal Coin box Seyler p. 96, Oelrichs plate XXXVI.

10. 1673. Minted, oval, 48 to 38 MilL Vf. CAROL. iEMIL. D.G.M. BRAN. ELECT. HERES

Gottfried Leibebe. 213

The helmeted bust of the Electoral Prince on the right, below 1673, on the section of the arm G. L. Ä/. DE • COELO • FORTITUDO • EST • Soaring Eagle with palm branch and saw value in its talons.

Royal Coin box Oelrich's plate XXXIV, Seyler p. 116, but where the G.L. is not stated.

11. 1673. Minted. 47 million

Vf, FRIDERICD. G.MAR. BRAN. ELECT. HERES chest picture of the prince on the right, previously 1673. RF. Eagle hovering over a city, wreath and sword in the claws. A band says SVVM GVIQVE • Above the eye of God. In section G.L.

Royal Munzkab. Seyler p. 101.

This medal shows that SVVM CVIQVE originally Lich the personal motto of the later first was king. When this medal was made, he was in the 16th year, and not yet Electoral Prince, because Karl Emil died in 1674.

12. 1675. Cast, oval, 59 to 46 MilL

Vf. OCTAVIAN-BURGER DRESD- MT: 43. See the Illustration. On the section of the arm G. L. 1675.

/?/. DOROTH. SOPHIA- CITIZEN NAT. WELSCHIA MT. 32.^ See the illustration. Royal Coin box

13. 1677. Minted, oval, 51 to 42 mill.

This oval medal of the now Elector Prince Friedrich is the round from 1673, which is described under No. 11 is, very similar. It has the same inscriptions and the- same downside, only the year here is 1677, and instead of the V there are u.

Royal Coin box Not at Seyler.

214 J* Friedlaeoder:

14. 1678. Cast, oval, 58 to 49 mill.

Vf. Bust portrait from the front without writing.

Rf. HENRICUS • ZIPFEL I • U . DOCT • ELECT • SAX • SUP CURI & CONSIST • ADVOC' ORDIN • 1678- Im Coat of arms a crowing rooster.

A soldered edge has the engraved inscription: D. Henrici Zipfelii filius Hen. Franc. 1709. M. Jun. abiit.

Equal. Coin box Catalog Rolas du Rosey, No. 3623 Bronze specimen.

This medal does not have Leigebe's letters, alone In terms of style it may very well be his; few Years before he won the similar medal of Burger, also from Dresden. Perhaps there is a Specimen disclosure.

15. 1679. Minted. 41 million

Vf. The overlapping heads of the Elector Prince and his first wife Elisabeth Henriette, from myrtle branches surrounded. Below G.L.

Rf. FRIDERICO • | ELEC • BRAND • HEREDI • | IVNGI TVR- I ELISABHENRICA- | HASSLaE-PRINCEPS- | POTZDAMH I 13. AVG. 1679- Above that of two^ Kurhut held by angels.

Royal Coin box Two copies, the front is the identical, the flip sides little different from each other divorced"

16. No year, but before 1680. Cast. 44 million

Vf RAB. A. CANSTEIN S. E. B. CONS. ST. INT. S.A. MAR. C. E. S. PR-älS Bust portrait of vom, somewhat right- there. He wears a cap and armor. On departure cut of the right arm G.L.

Rf Individual letters that give its further titles.

\

\t

Gottfried Leibebe. 215

The coat of arms^ above three wreaths, in which COELI- TVS I SVBLIMIA [ DANTVR stands.

KgL coin box Köhler MB, XIII, p. 67; he is wrong O. S. instead of 6. L. He gives the baehsticks of the sweeping page and explains it.

Raban was born in 1617 and died in 1680; be there Death is not mentioned on the medal, it is awarded while alive. times be made. He was the one. Yater's through his Bible printing institution famous Karl Hildebrand von Cai) - stone. .

17. 1680. Minted 45 million. Vf. PHIL. WILH. MAR. BRAN. &' NAT. 1669 MAY 9

Bust right, bottom A. 1680. Rf. PRiEEVNTE PARENTE Soaring eagle, dem a smaller one follows. In section 6. L.

Royal Coin box Seyler p. 187, Oelrich's plate LXY.

18. Without year. Embossed. 47 million Vf. FRID. WILH. D.G.M. BRAN. S. ROME. I. ARCHIC.

& ELECT. Bust portrait with laurel wreath. Ä/ DOROTH. D.G. MAR & ELECT. BR. NAT. YOU. HOiiS. IN HAPPINESS. Bust right, below G. L.

Royal Coin box Seyler p. 206 forms the same sweeping page with a slightly different front from 1684 off, by then Leibebe was already dead. This second front So this page is from someone else.

Leigebe had four sons:

Ferdinand, born in 1655, who worked as a builder in Friedrichshafen Burg died young, the elector's colony in Guinea, now Cap Coast Castle.

Johann Christoph, born 1661, died 1680, painter.

Paul Karl, born 1664, court painter in Berlin and professor

216 J. Friedlaedder:

the Academy, he was still alive in 1730. The Euperstichkabmet owns some insignificant drawings by him. Balthasar Gottfried, born 1665, died 1680.

Finally, I repeat that this essay is not makes a promise to perform all of Leigebe's work; my The intention was to list the works known to me to draw attention to medals of this patriotic artist, and I will look for evidence of other medals of theirs There are certainly still some to be grateful for.

J. Friedlaender.

217

Minor condolences.

To the Seelensdorff Munzfinde.

In the IX. Years of this magazine, p. 282 at review the last finds of older Brandenburg coins, especially the Seelensdorff find by Mr. District Court Councilor Dannenberg it does not correspond to the information given of the Lord of Sallet and mine, regarding the transcription of the No. 6 and 8.

As numerous as that find was, it contained around 2,500 pieces, 80 was the preservation of them, especially since the majority of them were very were heavily oxidized, in terms of the inscriptions, just one mediocre.

I own the half of that find that I acquired However, two of each of those two coins in my collection well-preserved copies that undoubtedly represent the names as such as they tell me in the pages for coin enthusiasts p. 428 and 429 are listed, i.e. No. 6 OTOO and No. 8 OTO.

J. Long.

The Dnblettenauction of the Royal Coin Cabinet, which by Mr. Adolf Weyl with prudence, zeal and expertise led by knowledge, has a favorable price beyond all expectations Result delivered. Not just the ones that are hard to find in stores Rarities, even the common and poorly preserved ones

218 A.V. Ballet:

Pieces were almost always highly paid for, proof of that The enthusiasm for collecting is increasing in Germany and abroad is understood. — The well-preserved one achieved the highest price, extremely rare large Punic-Sicilian silver piece (No. 327 des Catalogs) with the head of Demeter and Pegasus, including Phonician Inscription: 805 marks. The piece that belongs to our museum made unnecessary by the purchase of Fox's magnificent collection is an important German-speaking public museum. land was acquired. The Electronstater is in pretty good condition from Syracuse with the head of Apollo and the head of Artemis ^ of beautiful style, brought 305 marks; an extremely defective tetradrachm from Selinus 101 marks, the rare ancient tetradrachmon from Syracuse with the head in the recessed square 101 marks, an Andnous of Smyma, JE 11, of poor condition, 75 marks etc. - The Roman coins were usually well above the usual ones Price paid, even the worst and ordinary denarii: the unpleasant fashion of turning antique coins into jewelry work here worked in favor of our museum. From the The better pieces were paid the highest: Constantin der Large in gold, well preserved, reverse: FRAKGIA, 151 marks and Lucilla, beautiful gold coin, 50.50 marks.

The medieval and modern coins also reached high, sometimes very high prices, especially the Brandenbui^er and Magdeburg. Among the medals there was only one small one, im Catalog expressly designated as “originals” number of good ones Pieces, because it is of course the duty of the officials, of these beautiful works of art, only the absolutely superfluous pieces are removed - admit and, if two or three good originals of a piece are available to keep them as a whole. The old Begel, that one good piece complements the other and therefore not at all Publette can be, as is the case with woodcuts from the 16th century. derts, also from the cast medals of that time. — The best piece of the medals, a real but not very well done cast Pisano, representing the Yictorinus Feltrensis, vTurde of one

Smaller communications. 219

local private collector paid 380 marks, a not yoll- Coming but genuine and rare silver stack from Tobias Wol^ with the half-length portraits of the Margrave, later Eurforst Joachim Friedrich and his wife, from 1570, were for 210 marks acquired from a German museum. Even the lesser ones Casts of the old Italians were paid for up to 50 marks Certainly old, but with the magnificent example of the Berliner Museum's medallion of Constantius, which cannot be compared, with the portrait of Sultan Mohammed II, brought 101 marks. — That The overall result of the auction, after deduction of all costs, is a net profit of almost 19,000 marks for the Royal Collection development, i.e. a most pleasing, notable increase in our number Fondä, which makes important new purchases possible for us.

A.V. Sallet.

Idteiature.

Rohde, the coins of Emperor Aurelianus, his wife Severina and the Prince of Palmyra-Miscolz (in Hungary) 1881/82 2 vols. 429 pp. - One based on years of study and a great one Special collection founded^ extremely grateful and instructive Work The author first brings all of them to Aurelian relevant reports from the ancient writers (p. 1 - 135), then one exact description of all coins known to him Emperor, the Roman, as well as those who slept in Greek cities genes, as well as the Severina and the Palmyrenes. Then follow sub- searches about the mints, which are apart from Alexandria and the following Greek cities: Tarraco, Lugdunum, Roma, Siscia, Serdica, Cjzicus, Antioch, Tripoli; the next section covers the currency, weights and values characters on Anrelian's coins XX, XXI and XX i d. i. 20 « 1 up

220 A. ▼. Sallet

the denarii, VSV d. i. 5 + ^ = i &^ the half pieces ; finally A detailed tabular overview follows. As far as details are concerned so I have to work on my interpretation of the coins with “pietas aog, virtus aug" etc.: there are two imperial figures same as on the completely identical denarii with “pietas augg, virtus augg” from Yalerian and Gaul where the significance of the figures was not doubted is - so it is not Aurelian and only in an uncritical way created ^soldier^, but a co-regent with imperial atui- butene; d. i. Yaballath. Wen also the T in the section the embossing called Tarraco, this and the neighborhood of the Tetricii& but no proof to the contrary, the coinage was of course from from Rome throughout the empire, without regard to other to resident against emperor; how Severus in Rome stole coins from his fellow regent who defeated Caesar Clodius Albinus (in England). in the official Western mints the official Syrian Aurelian's co-regent, Yaballath, on the coins and certainly also placed on other official documents and the like.

That RESTITVTORIGENTIS is nothing but late, bad ones Form instead of ORIENTIS, not “restitutori gentis^, can, will be confirmed to me by knowledgeable philologists - that the Alexander inside Aurelian's with LZ after his death, during the Inter- Regnums are not to be assumed, there are none demonstrable analogy in antiquity, although similar in occurs more recently, e.g. B. the ducats Gostav Adol& tob 1634. — The copper coins of Aurelian and Athenodorus (Ya- ballath) with LA and LA are probably just a little bit different for that reason. separated from Aurelian and Vaballath's other AJezandiinenii because they are copper coins, which are always available at all Kaiser vid DuDner and of a different appearance, from the Potinmünsen.— It could be added to p. 260 that the first sound is mine suggested title ^rex^ for Yaballath now by Th. MommMa is also proven in writing, in the Ztschr. f. Nomiam. Y,229.

A ▼. Sallei.

220 A.T. Sallet.

the denarii, VSV d. i. 5 -h ^ = i a^ the half pieces ; finally A detailed tabular overview follows. As for details^ so I have to work on my interpretation of the coins with "pieta8 aug" virtus aug" etc.: there are two imperial figures same as on the completely identical denarii with "pietas augg, virtus augg" from Valerian and Gaul where the significance of the figures was not doubted is - so it is not Aurelian and only in an uncritical way created "soldier", but a co-regent with imperial attributes. butene; d. i. Yaballath. Although the T in the section is the embossed called Tarraco, this is the neighborhood of Tetricus but no proof to the contrary, the coinage was of course from from Rome throughout the empire, without regard to other to resident anti-emperors; how Severus in Rome stole coins from his fellow regent who defeated Caesar Clodius Albinus (in England). in the official Western mints the official Syrian Co-regent Aurelian *s, Yaballath,' on the coins and certainly also placed on other official documents and the like.

That RESTITVTORIGENTIS is nothing but late, bad ones Form instead of ORIENTIS, not “restitutori gentis^, can, will be confirmed to me by knowledgeable philologists. — That the Alexan- inside Aurelian's with LZ after his death, during the Inter- Regnums are not to be assumed, there are none Demonstrable Ajialogy in antiquity, although similar in occurs more recently, e.g. B. the ducats of Gustav Adolf von 1634. — The copper coins of Aurelian and Athenodorus (Ya- ballath) with LA and LA are probably just a little bit different for that reason. separated from Aurelian and Yaballath's other Alexandrians, because they are copper coins, which are always a lot at all emperors are thinner and have a different appearance than the Potin coins. — It could be added to p. 260 that it was first written by me proposed title “rex^ for Yaballath now by Th. Mommsen is also proven in writing, in the Ztschr. f. Numism, Y, 229.

A.V. Sallet.

223

The Wittmund tumor discovery.

While leafing through old scripts, I come across a directory I came across a significant find of camouflage roses as well as a number of duplicates of this in the former Egl. Treasure of the goodwill of the coin cabinet in Hanover Mr. Dr. Grotefend, the then head of this now unfortunately inaccessible, almost lost collection. The Finding is important and is also mentioned by Grote more often, especially in his Bergisch and Jülich coin history (Mzstud. YU, p. 41 u. 427) mentioned. However, as far as I know, he doesn't Any other similar find has yet received a description I think it's useful to have the list in mind share, although unfortunately they provide some more precise information. mentally about the number of pieces^) I also know actually just that the treasure was discovered in East Frisia is that of Grote a. a. 0. information provided, as well as Grotefends Communication according to which the find was made when it was given to me by him spoke, namely at the one held here in September 1858 Meeting of the General Association of Antiquities Researchers, recently have just been admitted, but leave no doubt about their identity.

I give the directory, alphabetically as I have it, with a few comments added by me, namely

1) Some comments about this give the goal to many names- brought stars; They refer to the coins of which you bletten aind.

Z«lltehflt lir NomlmatU. JL16

(above a lion).

224 H. Dannepbeig.

chronological determinations^) and quotations, like the ones I'm currently seeing are at hand. — Yergrabang period at the end of the 15th century century.

A. Tumors.

♦ 1. +ÄDOLP]&VS*CQfltteS. 2. -tnOVLPhVS COM€S

Both by Adolf VIII. t. Berg 1308—1348, (see Münzstad.VIl, p. 19, plate II, 15.)

♦ 3. +ARALC. D»S RHDI

♦ 4. +7\RI10ID DHS. RA'

♦ 5. +ARI10ID. DUS. RA»

♦ 6. +ÄRI10D DHS RA»

♦ 7. +ARftODl DI18 RAß

No. 4 - 7 for sure and No. 3 most likely from Arnold III, Lord of Randerath (1364 - 80) rather than Arnoldll (1290 - 1331), the y. d. Chijs, the ninth of the empty van Bra- bant p. 157 (Plates XV and XXXIIi;, she assigns.

8. + ARU VC • D'D6 Llß (v. d. Chijs a. a. O. p. 308 plate. XXXIII).

Beaten by Arnold Herr von Stein und Limbricht, who 1381 is mentioned (see also Rev. Beige Ser. HI Vol. IV p. 152.

9. +BeRGhtMeHS CIVI (top lion).

By Wilhelm II, Duke of Jülich 1361-1393 (see MSnz- stud. Vn, p. 438).

10. +BRABAHTIE : DVX Rf. MÜHETA • BRVXEL (instead of of lilies 3 balls) v. d. Chijs. Brabant plate VI, 9.

Probably the oldest coin in the find, because it comes from Jo- hann il. 1294-1312, ago.

11. fCOnRADVS COMES (Münzstud. III, p. 100, plates 1,3). Oldenburg and probably more likely from Conrad II 1368 - 1386

from L 1345-1368.

12. +DIDERICVSCOMS (top lion).

Von Dietrich in. von Heinsberg Counts of Looz, 1381 - 1361. 1) Orösstentheils according to Grote's family tables (Hzstud. Vol. IX).

The TarnoMiifdnd wwi Wittmmid. 225

* U +DUS De heiUSBeRGJ 1 ^"^ ^^ ^^^^'

Probably both by Gottfried HL (1361-1396). 15. *DnS 6IESBERTVS

No. 26 and the rare name leave no doubt, that there is a coin from the House of Bronkhorst, either from Giesbert V. (1328-1856) or his son of the same name, who owned Borcolo from 1356 to 1367, or from Giesbert VI. (1388-1418).

♦ 16. +DßS «RENSBERh« (cross above). » 17. +DnS • IiENSBERC (above Leo.)

Same age as No. 13 and 14.

♦ 18. +DHSLineSI.

Ligny? Linnich? In the latter case, like Grote Münzstud. YII P. 428 note says, not Jülichisch, since the Lords of Randerath had possession of the city from 1368-1392. 19. +DVLKEHSI CIVIS

♦ 20. +DVIiKENSI CIVITS 21. fDVREfiSr CIVITS {

♦ 22. ♦DVRENSr CIVITS*

All four by Wilhelm IL, Duke of Jülich (1361—1398), the first two in Dülken, No. 21 n. 22 struck in Düren (8 Münzstud. Vni p. 436 and 434.

23. +ELIS7^BET RBBH • (top lion).

♦ 24. +ELISÄBET;äBBI desgl.

♦ 25. +ELISABET;7^BBA desgl Rf. HONETA • ESSEIB Elisabeth of Nassau was abbess of Essen from 1370 to 1412

(8th Coin Study ni, p. 451).

26. +6IESBERTVS BOR.

From Griesbert von Bronkhorst Lord von Borculo, who According to what was said at No. 15, v.d Chijs knew this coin only one sterling (see de munten der herren en steden van Gelder- country p. 452 plate XXIII).

27. fliEIR . FIG. WERDW (above 3 roses).

16^

(above lion) RF above Adler

226 H. Dannenberg:

(above label with 3 roses).

28. +IiEßRICS' HBBS'

29. +hEßRICVS*HBBH'

30. +IiEßRICVS*RBBÄS

31. +IiURICVS*HBBAS«WI + 32. hENaoWERDH.ABB (above 3 roses).

The coiner of these six Tamosen, Heinrich von Wildenberg, Abbot of Werden, held his office from 1360-1382. His coins see Münzstud. lil, p. 416.)

33. +Ii'M7\ßDßS DE WL (above little shoe with 1 rose) coin stud. III, p. 178, plate IV, 9.

On this coin of the dynast Flerrmann von Wildenberg, which is mentioned between 1354 and 1395 is the Wildenberg sche coat of arms, which show No. 27 - 32 completely, in a way simplified, as was often the case in the Middle Ages, but then rarely happens when the coat of arms image appears within the frame of the shield. seems

34. An identical copy with the counter mark 0.

♦ 35. +IOHA>I' crown COMES (Münzstud. III, plate IV, 6).

36. +I0H7\PSS • COMES (from Chijs Holland plate IV, under John I 1296-1299).

37. +IOHHßNeS COMIS (a lion above).

The origin of these coins is doubtful, Grote (coin stud. III, 164, plate lY, 5) leans towards Johann III, Count of Sayn (1359-1403), although the crown at No. 35 is better for Jo- Hann of Bohemia, as Count of Luxembourg (1313 - 1346) would fit.

38. +JOIlÄßeS.aOMIC6 Catalog ScheUhass 2469. Rev. Beige Ser.III, Vol. III, Plate XIII, 4; Vol. IV, p. 156, plate IX, 10. Johann (domicellus) vonKuinre comes i. J. 1359 before, v.d. Chijs (Overijssel plates I, II and XX) has numerous stamps from him, but not these tumors.

39. +IVLmCEßSI CIV'^ (above lion).

♦ 40. +IVLlECEßSI CIVIS (top lion).

4

The Tomoeenfnnd Ton Wittmond. 227

Same as the Dülken and DQren coins, No. 19 - 22^ from Duke Wilhelm II

41. +RhHROLVS REX. Presumably Charles IV. 1322-1828 (Hoffmann m. royales de France Plate XV 6), although the age of our find is Charles V, 1364-1330 would correspond better.

♦ 42. +iiim€nsi civr.

♦ 43. +IiIttNI6ßSI CIVIS (see Mader critical article V p. 30).

Compare #18 above.

44. +LODEVICVS DftVS (v. d. Chijs leenen v. Brabant Plate 30, Rev. Beige Ser. III, Vol. IV, p. 153.

By Ludwig HL, Lord of Randerath 1331-1364.

45. +IiVDOVICV.S-REX, along with some (not specified) give) differences.

Such events influenced: Ludwig IX 1226-1270 and Louis X 1314-1316. But whether some are on the German ones Louis IV? from which we have such a coin with Ludowicus quartus (Berl. Bl. III, plate XXXIV 6, Münzstud. VII, p. 23) and know others who slept in Bergisch (Münzstud. VII, p. 19 no. 16, p. 21 no. 17, p. 22 no. 18).

♦ 46. +MONETÄ FIVL60IE (Rev. Beige Ser. III, Vol. IV,

155, V.d. Chiis Friesland, plate 18, p. 528.) Fivelgo or Fivelingo was a county in West Frisia, with Appingedam as the main town.

47. + JßdfcTH • CeRlSiTe (Rev. Beige Ser. HI, Vol. IV, p. 154, coin stud. VII, p. 47, plate V, 50).

Born in Gerresheim by Wilhelm H. von Berg (1360 - 1380). hit, not like v. d. Chijs (Holland p. 154 (Plate IV, 3) an- takes, in Zieriksee by Count Wilhelm HI. from Holland.

48. +MünETH 6R0BI6' (v. d. Ghijs Friesland, plate VHI, 6).

49. +MONETH GRORIG (from Chijs Friesland, plate XXH).

» 50. + MORETä hEÄSBE'« 1 , ​​. -j^s

\ (a lion above).

♦ 51. +MONETÄ hlSBRG |

See Nos. 13, 14, 16 and 17.

228 H. Danneaberg:

♦ 52. +M0HETHRÄTI6ia (MONZSTUD. VII, p. 46, plate IV 47).

♦ 53. +MOnETK • RÄTIßG • Rf. + WILK'1 1 VS • COMIS

(Ibid. p. 45, Act IV, 45). Von WühelmlL, Counts v. Mountain (1360 - 1380).

54. tMOßETÄ-SmSIG (Munzstud. VII, p. 199, plate X, 6). The mint is Wilhelm, Count of Isenburg-Wied

(1367-1376), as pledge holder of the old imperial domain of Sinzig.

55. +PI1ILIPPVS • IlEX, tPWIilPV . S • REX and some other species.

Philipp IIT has such gymnastics. (1270-1285), Philip IV. (1285-1314), Philip V (1316-1322) and Philip VI (1328-1350) let beat (see Hoffmann a. a. 0. Plates XI, XII, XIV^ XVII).

56. +PII1LIP' CONeS • (above a lion) see Rev. Beige Ser. III, Vol. IV, p. 151.

In my opinion by Philip 1.^ Count of Nassau-Weilburg (1370-1429), which is also indicated by the lion, which also, without the Shingles^ on the turntables of Siegen (Mader VI, 20.8, sheet f. Mzkd. III, plate II, 16). So to add to page 170 Vol. VII of this magazine.

♦ 57. +R0BERTV5 DVX

By Robert, Count (since 1352) and Duke (since 1355) of Bar, (until 1411).

58. +VRED6RICVS DE.

Probably from the same Friedrich von Berg in Geldern, who No. 93 was coined.

♦ 59.t WIBERTVS BOERC

♦ 60. + WIIiBERTVS . DH«

♦ 61. +WILBERTVS DE 62. + WI6IESBERTVS t

At numbers 15 and 16 we are already Giesbert von Bronkhorst, Met Mr. von Borculo. A name Wigiesbertus, like him appears on the last coin is outrageous, and therefore There is probably no doubt that he was just one of those trying to deceive the public. kums directed intention owes its creation, it is with

The TuiDOsenCood toq Wittmnnd. 229

the incomprehensible world to a change with the existing loved Tnmoses of the Bergisch and Jülichschben Wilhelm (see Nos. 67-79). Analogies are particularly are numerous in this area, just remember the deaths. Unge with 61WÄUES DNSZ R6YB (Mader VI, plate I, 4, sheet. f. Mzkde. IV, plate XHI, 293) instead of tDW REX Aß6L DßS KYB, an QDIWÄßHQS REX B (Chautard, monn. au type esterlin plate XIV, 9), even GDWÄRD HUG + RQYB Rf. LOaaNBeaNSIS (a. a. 0. p. 385 No. 550, nnm. Chron. XVIII p. 121), on the gold golds ofRnmmenmit-t-§ MOßGTTX 8 ttOVÄ 8 ROMÄßORVM in imitation of the imperial guilders (Berl. Bl. VI plate LXXI) and the Rose Nobel of Maria von Brimeu as Countess Y. Megen (by Ghijs leenen van Brabant plate III no. 22) JBAR • H • B • PRI . D. Qftl • 00 • D • MM • KD LG— GDWäR D-GReß-ÄßG. The last words GD WARD 6 RGGHßGgive Clarification about the evil intention behind this re-coining whether* has ruled. — But the three preceding tumors are from No. 62 ofiPenbar cannot be separated, here too the deceptive WI, WIL instead of 6IES.

63. + WILhELHVS COiVEß (Ä/. above label with

2 bars). ♦ 64. + WlhbEhM COMSS (above and in the Rf. above the same

label).

65. +WIXiIiELMVS COM I

66. -i-WIXihELM COIIIS f ^^^'^ ^"^^"^^ shields).

You can see these or similar gymnastics by Count Wilhelm von Isenburg - Wied (1367-1376) near Grote (Münzstud. Vol. VII p. 200), where he (p. 199) testifies that they. along with the Sinzigem (see above No. 54) almost all from the find of WMttmund 1858 while the finds from Berum in 1836 and from Weit- March 1848 which did not contain them.

67. ♦WILtELUV COHS- (above cross).

68. ♦ WILhELH' C0M6S • (above lion).

69. +WILI1ELM COMESo

70. ♦ WILIiELMV COMB $

280 B- Dannenberg:

71. +WILI1ELM C0HI8

72. + WILIiEIiMV • COMa .

73. +WILI1ELMV COMES

74. +WILI1ELMV COMS-

75. + WILhEIiMVS • COÄGS •

76. + WILhELMVS COES

77. + WILhEIiMVS COMES •

(No. 67-77 see Münzstud. VII pp. 42-44). »78. +WILKELM COMES Rf. +WILI1ELMVS COMES (Münzstud. Vn, p. 45, plate IV 44).

♦ 79. also Rf. + MOßETÄ •.• LCREISS (indistinct).

All of these coins (Nos. 67-78) are Bergische, like Nos. 47, 52 n. 63 by Count Wilhelm II 1360 - 1380 You are allowed in the andeadichen See the city name of the last piece L€ßFIIl, so we have Lennep like on the Tomosen Münzstad. VII 46 No. 48 a—e Plate V 48.

♦ 80. +WILIÜELM DOnS

Probably the same as No. 92 from Wilhelm 1 von 's Heerenberg.

81. +WILI1EMVS DVX

82. + WILIiEfeMVS • DVX

83. + WILREIiMV l DVX

84. + WILhEIiMVS " DVX J (above a lion).

85. + WILÄELMVS 5 DVX (a lion above).

86. + WILhELMVS % DVX (above a lion Rf. also).

87. + WILÄELMVS DVX (a lion above).

88. + WILhELHVS DVX (above a right-turned lion).

(No. 81-88 cf. Münzstudie VII pp. 431-433)

89. fWILhELMVS JDVX (above a lion Rf above a Adler), coin stud. VII, p. 433 no. 50.

90. + WILhELMVS % DVX (above a lion Rf above a

double-tailed lion), Münzstad. VII. P. 53 No. 54.

Plate V 54 and p. 433 No. 49.

In Grote's opinion, all of these coins are Jülich, Von 1) The .right* does not seem to be meant in a heraldic sense.

The TanosmifDnd Ton Wltturand. '251

Wilhelm II (1361-93) only the last one, because of the double tailed lion, by Uersog Wilh. von Berg (1380-1408). 91. tWILIiEM BORCß'VE (obeo heraldic shield. ') 8. Rev. Beige Ser 111, Vol. IV, p. 153, Plate VIII, 6, Vienna num. TimeDrill. II, p. 522, no. 12.

This coin has not yet been interpreted, but since then we have Groschen from the burgraves Ludwig and Wilhelm Hammerstein (Bl. f. MQnz&eunde 1880 p. 697) there is no longer any doubt, that it can also be attributed to the latter burgrave.

92. tWILtS DRS D Mütt (v. d. Ghijs, steeden t. Gelder- hind plate XVI).

From Wilhelm I, already mentioned in No. 80, tod'b Hee- Renberg (1354-87).

93. + WRIUER . . . a DHg Rf. TVROIIV ... VIS (v. d. Chijs a. a. O. p. 193, plate XXni).

Also from 's Heerenberg, namely from Friedrieb IL 1312-32, if not by Frederick III (1387-1416).

B. UtwengrMChen.

Embossing: Continuous Ereuz Rf. Lion. ♦94. nRß — 0" ■ 9V — C'DO — MHI ■ R/. HOReTRf RV1(E0' (». d. ChiJB d. m. d. leenen v. Brabant p. 259 Plate XXin, 4). The coiner is Arnold d'Oreilly Lord of Quabeke (1363-70), Priget&tte rumbling.

95. DED — ERI — CDt — ORB R/. MOßETA ♦ VESMI" 1) The image was taken from other specimens.

232 H. Dannenberg: Turaosenfand.

(above shield with 3 horns) v. d. Chijs a. a. O. p. 145, plate XXX, 4. Beaten to Wessein by Dirk-Loef (1358-90), like that following to Weert.

96. TU — RIO — Vnn — . . R — Ä/. MOfitTÄ FOURD (from Chijs op. cit. p. 136 plate XXX, 2)

97. I — 0' • DV - C • LO - TBR - 7\B' Rf. M0ß6TÄ BRÄBTXß.

98. I — DV — C'^IiO — TBR — äB« R/. MOUeTÄ« FILFD' ., d. h. Vjlvordensis (a lion above) (v. d. Ühijs, ßrabant, plate XII, 9).

Both pennies are from Johanna, who lived in Brabant from 1392 to 1406 ruled alone, which are certainly the youngest pieces of the find. 98. +PeT — RVS — ePO - PVS - Ä/ MO߀TÄ CMACß (above a lion). Peter IV of Andr^ was from 1349-68, Peter V. of. Ailly from 1398 - 1411 Bishop of Cambray. The former is probably worth thinking about. 100. R€I-nAL— DVS-KOV Rj\ I40ßeTÄ* 6R0nm6IiE (above lion). Rev. Beige IV. Ser. IV. Vol. P. 161. Reinold III von Kovorden is 1344 and 1364, and Reinold IV. Mentioned in 1382 and 1402, v. d. Chijs (Friesland, plates XXI, XXTT) has various coins from them, but not this one. ♦101. TheE - O'D • V - Äh'OTEß Rf. MOßfeTH + WIERD' (a lion above), v. d, Chijs leenen v. Brab. p. 136 Plate XXX, 3. By Dirk-Loef mentioned at No. 95 and 96.

C. Other species.

102. MOß — ETH - S\ PE - TRI Rf. lOh'CP - S • LCOB Head with bishop's hat, above the same d. Arkel coat of arms.

Minted by Johann V. von Arkel, 1364 - 78, B. v. Liège.

103. + lOIiHßH 061 6RÄ ü BRABATIG Cross with DVÄC in the corners. Rf. MOIiCTÄ ^. ßOVÄ i FILFORDeßS in the hexagon a shield with 4 lions, v. d. Chijs Brabant Plate XII, 12. H. Dannenberg.

233

Coin finds.

Except Vol. X, p. 126 d. Z. discussed finds of Götz, there are now two more coins in the Mark Brandenburg. discoveries have been made, namely:

1. 1881 near Vietsmannsdorf (Templin district).

The same consisted of only 106^ specimens, which were as follows distributed:

Weidhas plate VII,

10 (44J copies)

Weidhas

VII,

12 (1 copy)

. VII,

19 (1 copy)

n

VII,

21 (1 copy)

. VIII,

5 (3 copies)

n

VIII,

10 (1 copy)

n -n ^^t

5 (1 copy)

7)

IX,

7 (1 copy)

n n 1^5

9 (9 copies)

n

IX,

12 (17 copies)

n -n l-X.,

IS (1 copy)

j)

X,

2 (3 copies)

» >» X,

10 (1 copy)

r>

XI,

17 (3 ExpL)

Furthermore, 2 Inedita, namely the Margrave with 2 birds, below each Uand a helmet, (1 copy)

Rf. In a quatrefoil a cross ending in lilies.

A denarius, the Hf like that of Wdh! X, 10, the R/, like Rep. IX, 5. 1 copy.

Also 17 unrecognizable*

The denarius of Ludwig II is used to determine the time, 1351-1366 Rep. IV, 12 (LODeVQH)

IL 1882 near Herzsprung in Westpriegnitz, between Kyjritz

and Wittstock. This very numerous find has mainly only

284 H. Dannenberg:

5 species delivered, namely Weidhas VI 3, VI 20, VI 21, VII 9 and VIII 3. There were also individual copies before: reps V 16 (1 pc), reps VI, 4 (4 pcs), reps VI 7 (3 pcs), reps VI, 10 (4 pcs), reps VU 1, (2 pcs) and in half a copy rep. V, 13.

There were a few strangers mixed in, the denarius with one 2 counts holding birds and rosettes under his hands. Ä/. OTTO CO(M8S0, which I published in the Berl. Bl. p. 47 No. 1 described and the last Count of Brena Otto III. (f 1290) have allocated. The figure in the field on the back is also on not clear in this example, but it is certainly a cross not, maybe a helmet.

Furthermore 28 bracteates, namely except 6 unrecognizable, 10 Mecklenburg and 17 Pomeranian.

Among the Mecklenburgers there is one who deserves special mention Bull's head in a blasted edge, and one of him - a rare find appearance - shows in the dotted edge. They looked at these thick balls on the edge used to be an oddity of southwestern Germany, but more recent finds have us but individual bracteates decorated in this way from the northwest Germany delivered.

The Pomeranians are the following:

1. Anklam? Flag in the shape of a K, partly with stars accompanied (similar to Vol. IV, Act IV 33 AD) 6 pieces.

2. Greiföwald (or Lübeck) Crowned Head (similar op. cit. No. 22 and Dannenberg Pommern Plate IV A. 11). 5 pcs.

3. PasewaJk, bird claw, (Dannenberg, plate U 86). 1 piece

4. Stargard, six-pointed star. 2 pcs.

5. Stralsund, Strahl, (similar to Vol. IV, Plate IV, 37 and 38 d. Z.) 3 pcs.

What was remarkable was the large number of cut up specimens. plare, which made up about an eighth part of the whole treasure, They were probably intended to remedy the shortage of obols emerges here.

Möazfande. 235

The defeat of the Faode is carried out by Weidhas VI, 3 (+OTTO ÄLhaR), rep. V, 13 (Ä i.e. Albrecht III) and the OTTO COMaS 'determined to the 13th century.

III. On the Silver Mountain near Wolin Not long ago it was a small one, 130g. cradling treasure in one glazed pots unearthed. The coins that compose it are mostly Wendenpfennigs from the beginning of the eleventh Century, like Dannenberg (Mz. d. s&chs. E.) No. 1330 and 1332 and similar, a large part broken. The rest too Coins were mostly broken into larger or smaller pieces. shares. Visible were:

1. Emperor Heinrich II, Deventer, with hand. Dannen- mountain 563 (1 copy)

2. Deventer, Bishop Bemolf, with bust. Dannenberg 573. (1 copy)

3. Deventer, Bishop Bemolf, bishop's crosier between A - (O. Dannenberg 568. (1 copy)

4. Cologne denarius of Emperor Otto III, similar Dannenb. 342.

5. Worms? Otto lU., similar to Dannenberg 842 (from the surrounding writing of the RF, only H of the city name preserved and therefore not sure. (1 copy)

6. Regensburg, Duke Henry VII, with his half-length portrait. Dannenberg 1102. (1 copy)

7. OttoUI. and Adelheid. Imitation of Dannenb. 1167.

8. Unknown German denarius with a raw head in the hot league tickets. Dannenberg 1310. (1 copy)

Among the fragments were to be identified:

9. Staveren, Bruno III, Margrave v. Friesland. Dannenb. 503.

10. Dortmund, Heinrich II, head. Dannenb. 749, 752 or 753.

11. Dortmund, Konrad IL, head (without city name) Dannen- mountain 754.

12. Mainz, Archbishop Bardo (Conrad II or Heinrich HI.) Dannenberg 804 or 805.

13. Speier, Mary with the child. Rf. Church, Dannenb 838.

286 H. Danneoberg: Mmizfinde.

14. Regensbarg^ Bishop Gebhard III, with half-length portrait of Apostle Peter. Danneuberg 1105.

15. Bohemia, Duke Bracislaus I. Rj\ Vogel. Voigt bohemian. Mz. I, p. 243, No. 3.

16. Hungary^ Stephan I., Stahlweissenburg.

17. England, Ethelred 11.

18. England, Eanut d. Size.

As small as this find is, it still serves to some extent Confirmation of the allocation of No. 6 to Heinrich VIL (1039 - 1047) and from No. 14 to Gebhard UI.

H. Dannenberg.

A medallion of the Fetms de Domo Fani.

(Plate from left)

In the introduction to the Italian foam ounces I had expressed that I was certainly unfamiliar with individual medals remained his, even though I had been using the material for forty years had collected for my work.

Now I have a medal for the royal team Bought a coin cabinet that is still unknown. It's a job of Petrus Domo Fani, of which we only knew one so far.

The bust portrait of Dogaressa is identical to hers Husband, Doge Pasquale Malipiero, 1457 - 1462, on one Medal put together, of which I have a copy in the Correr collection had seen. I have it in my book described^) and doubtful about the works of the Venetian^« M. Guidizanus presented a different medal partly because of this made by the same doge and marked with his name has^), partly because the medal in the museum corresponds to the work of Guidizanus is related in style.

But now the new downside teaches us that that too Correr's medal from Petrus Domo Fani is.

The Latin of the inscription VINGIT HONIA BONA VOLON- TAS is not without analogies. HONIA for omnia also stands up the painting no. 95a in our gallery: HONIA BOA IN TEN- POR'); and PRVDENTIA EST SVPER ONIA VIRTVS we find

1) p. 85 no. 4. A second copy is in the Monicipal-Masenm in Trieste, as its convener Mr. C. Knnz just reported

2^ Ibid. No. 3.

3) It appears to be a work by Pesellino, but is probably by Victor Pisanns. I owe the proof of this inscription to Director Dr. Bode.

238 J- Eriedlaender:

on a medal from Laurana^), VOLONTAS SENATVS on one of Guidizanus^), and the language error in KünsÜemamen repeats itself in OPVS PETRVS DE MEDIOLANO«).

It does not seem that the strange sacrifice of Johanna Malipiero was peculiar to the Dogaresses of the fifteenth century. Since the doges are not princes, but chosen and strictly controlled were guarded officials, their wives had no official ones meaning and costume; only in the sixteenth century do they appear Dogaressen to have worn a small Gomo ^). It's thing the Yenetian historians enlighten us about this.

The lack of all hair may be due to the lady's advanced age originate, but perhaps from the Yenetian immorality, around which To make the forehead appear higher, the surrounding hair scissor.

I also don't know how to interpret the position of the other side, the inscription provides no information as to who the two women are; It is not clear whether the one on the right is holding two snakes. Huh

The value of the medal lies particularly in the fact that they unite Provides information about the artist that we knew nothing about. His only known work to date, the Ludwig HI medal. Gonzaga, Margrave of Mantua, is probably around 1452 manufactures^); The new medal teaches us that Peter was buried in Yenedig the Ducat of Pasquale Malipiero, i.e. in the years 1457 to 1462, worked, consequently to the Yenetian School heard, as I correctly suspected.

On the Gonzaga medal he is called PETRVS DOMO FANI, on our PETRVS D DOMO FANI. It has in Central Italy was given a family de Domo, Marcus Aurelius

1) Italian Foam coins p. 199 no. 6.

2) Ibid. p. 84 no. 1.

3) Ibid. S 197 No. 1.

4) The Book of Bart. Cecchetti II Doge, Venice 1864, contains nothing here&about.

ö) Italian Foam coins p. 190, plate XXXYH printed

A medallion of the Petras de Domo F&ni. 239

de Domo from Spoleto was a famous jurist. But the FAN! The roof of the city of Fano probably shows, even if it does What remains strange is that he didn't call himself Faniensis, right de Fano, like the painters Bartholomaeus and Pompey de Fano, Father and son who lived in Venice between 1460 and 1534 have worked, and Dionysius de Fano, the author of one life of h. Georg, which was published in Venice in 1607.

So instead of one, we now know three medals Petrus de Domo Fani, which only consists of five pages are.

1. Ludwig III Gonzaga, half-length portrait. Ks. Sitting boy and hedgehogs.

2. The Dogaressa Johanna Malipiero, half-length portrait. Ks. Two standing women.

3. The Doge Pasquale Malipiero, half-length portrait. Ks. The identical table front of the second medal, the bust of the Dogaressa.

The other side of medals 1 and 2 has the peculiarity that that the inscriptions begin with a small crown.

Finally, I say Mr. C. Kunz, the curator of the Municipal Museum in Trieste, my thanks for the friendly information that he gave me now as before

Julius Friedlaender.

Z«it»€hrift for Munltmatik X- j<}

Znm Munzfund Ton Saelie.

(Plate IX.)

Not far from the town of Daelie, in the parish of Naess of the Norwegian Hedemarken province became an important one in 1840 Coin was brought to light, which was for the Norwegian, like It is important for German coinage.

The find was first processed in detail Holmboe in a program at the University of Christiania from Years 1841 under the title: ^De prisca re monetaria Norvegiae et de numis saeculi duodecimi, in Norvegia nuper repertis'', which ches in 1854 under a slightly different title in the second edition location appeared. Also an adaptation of the first part of this Program in German was published by Holmboe in 1846 the Köhne magazine YI, p. 65. The Brandenburgische Coins from the find were also briefly described by Eöhne in his magazine I, p. 351 and finally edited Grote, Coin studies III, p. 249 the find in its entirety.

After this time, only a few of the Daelietuns remain Places in the numismatic literature have been briefly thought of, without going into more detail.

In the following we will only deal with the industry Denburg and some Saxon coins of the find and add the 2nd edition of Holmboe's program Reasons.

Köhne and Grote only have in their essays Holmboe's work supported itself without having been able to be to subject the coins themselves to an examination. It is

To the coin fund toq Daelie. 241

It is therefore understandable that the errors which appear in Holmboe are running, can be found in the other two essays.

Thanks to the kindness of Dr. L.B. Stenersen, Head of the university coin collection in Christiania, in which the Daelie find has passed on to its time, I am aware of the The relevant coins from the find have been made available.

I now give the result of my investigations here.

Brandenburg.

Otto IL, 1184-1205.

1. Holmboe, plate III, 150.

OTO MARI

The margrave in armor and balaclava, with sword,

Flag and shield.

23-25 ​​mm. 0.77 - 1.10 Gm.

Plate IX, 1. Eöhne, magazine. I, plate XII, 5th grote, coin studies III, Plate IX, 36. y. Graba, bracteate find from Bömenzien, No. 2. Journal for Numismatics IX, p. 280, 3. This Bracteate, which as far as I know, except with the Daelie found only in the Bömenzien find in 1878, has found correct appreciation everywhere; he is the most faithful reproduced by V. Graba.

2. Holmboe, plate HI, 151.

As a result of a dull specimen, this bracteate is at Holm- boe, Eöhne (Plate XH, 6) and Grote (Tal IX, 37) are completely misunderstood and his image has been reproduced quite inaccurately. A bracteate, like the a a. 0. shown does not exist, and the The coin in question is simply:

Oinmi » • OTTO The Margrave in tanks and

Coat, with sword and flag.

17»

242 £mu Bahrfeldt:

So there is only one variant of the aas the soul village finds known

OIäRII = • OTTO with exactly the same idea. 21mm. 0.96 Gm.

Blatter for coin lovers, p. 429.6. Magazine for Nu- mismatik IV, pp. 262, 3 and ibid. IX, plate V, 3. The difference lies only in the form of Ä and 2C. 3. Holmboe III, 152.

OTOMÄR = aO The Margrave in tanks and assault hood, with flag and shield.

23mm. 0.97 Gm.

Plate IX, 3. Eöhne XII, 7. Grote IX, 38. Schlumberger, des bract. d'Allemagne PL I, 4th v. Graba 1. Magazine for Nu- ^ mismatik IX, p. 280, 2. Already y. Graba has drawn attention to the fact that in the Previous descriptions incorrectly stated OTOMäR = QI everywhere. I can confirm that the original in Christiania OTOMÄR = QO has, and that the former reading is therefore based on an error There is therefore only one stamp of this type available. 4.. Holmboe III, 149.

+0T0 . MÄRIIOSHLTVaL . In the middle of two domed towers a slanted key over a never- Drigen Euppelthurm.

21mm. 0.63 Gm.

Plate IX, 4. Köhne XII, 3. Grote IX, 33.

The above transcription is the only correct one; those found elsewhere given are not exactly accurate.

To this. Salzwedel's character is close because of the similarity ity of his coin image, the silent bracteate: 5. Holmboe V, 211.

Between two Euppel towers there is a larger battlement tower,

Zam Hnnzfond death Daelie. 243

In the arch below there is a key standing upright. Circle of rays. : 22mm. 0.46 Gm.

Ta£ IX, 5. Köhne Xu, 4. Grote IX, 34. There are three individual towers, not one connected building. building, as can be seen from the previously known descriptions and Should accept illustrations. Also the circle of rays, which the According to the drawings, the coin has the appearance of a non-Branden- Burgess character is depicted inaccurately. I I have no doubt about its Brandenburg origin piece, but it could be that the same thing - namely the one lighter weight of 0.46 Gm. because of - from Heinrich von Gardelegen, who, as is well known, also minted in Salzwedel, I come to Heinrich's coinage at No. 10 back.

The following bracteate is determined by specifying the imprinting herm true.

6. Holmboe V, 202.

ODD = Above a small arch the helmeted one Bust portrait of the Margrave in armor and with a sword, Flag and shield.

24mm. 0.85 Gm.

Köhne plate XII, 10. Grote plate IX, 39. Bl. f. Münzfrde. Plate 49, 22nd magazine. f. Numism. IV, pp. 262, 5; ibid. IX, Act V, 6. There appear to be variants of this bracteate, as the Readings ODDO, OTDO and OTOO are given; I have the former, which appears to be on the specimen in Christiania seems to be retained.

I also assign Otto N., who by your inscription Bracteates secured for Brandenburg:

7. Holmboe V, 206.

244 S°^^l Bahrfoldt:

But with this coin the inscription is everywhere and has been read enough, it is not BER7\NB€, but B6RÄN = DtBVR Beneath one with 3 towers set tripartite helmeted bust of the margrave with sword and flag.

22 million 0.93 Gm.

Plate IX, 7. Köhne, plate XII, 8. Grote plate IX, 40. The last letters of the script are not very clear, but still undoubtedly.

From the silent bracteates I only include them here two following:

8. Holmboe IV, 200.

Helmeted and armored margrave with sword etc Flag between two buildings with Euppel towers. 21mm. 0.74-1.11 Gm.

Plate IX, 8. Koehne. P. 354, 13. Grote, plate IX, 43/v. Graba, No. 5. Ztschr. f. Numismat. IX, p. 279, 1. Possibly this bracteate is like y. Graba (Boemenzien P. 11) is supposed to be based on Albrecht IL, but from him Mainly denarii seem to have been minted until now from him only a certain bracteate (Ztschr. f. Numismat. lY, p. 265 and YIII, pp. 171, 17) is known. Because the one in the Reichel catalog P. 16 note above from Köhne mentioned with HLB6RTVS ölÄRQhlO is still doubtful, and from the find from lastlings with MÄRCHIO ISeNDÄLE (Boe- menzien plate lit. c, inscription f. Numismat. YIII^ Plate III, 16 and Vol. IX, p. 284); I now agree with v. Graba and contrary to my assumption in the papers for coin enthusiasts (p. 793, no. 16) no longer with Dannenberg (Ztschr. f. Numism. VIII, p. 171) for Albrecht's character, but for such a character Otto's n. If the Bracteate belonged to the former, he would be there he bears the title MÄRCHIO, defeated after 1205. This one

To the Mänifbnd fon Dtelie. 245

Bracteais, however, weigh between 0.77 and 1.02 gm., most of them melier than 0.96 Gm., and that is a weight as it is in the three- tenth century can no longer occur. Also that one Overall impression of the coin, the square M, the shape of the tower, the cowl pulled over the head, even the overhanging stomach indicate an older age.

9. Holfflboe, p. 48, 5 above.

Between two towers the helmeted and armored one Margrave with sword and flag; on the left in the field eight-pointed star and the letter 0) 21 Uß. 0.97 Gm.

Plate IX, 9. Eöhne, pp. 354, 14. Grote, pp. 277, 68. The bracteate has a lot of resemblance to that of the soul- dorfer find sheets f. Münzfreunde S 429, 9; Ztschr. f. Numismat IV, pp. 263, 6 and IX, plate V, 8.

The character is not DJ, as otherwise stated, but O) and perhaps means 07(ÄRCHI0).

Heinrich von Gardelegen, 1184 - 1192.

10. Holmboe IV, 182. Brandenburg eagle.

Rf. A key placed upright on a small sheet between two small towers; over the border Triarch covered with three towers. 14mm. 0.46 Gm.

Act IX, 10. Reichel 91, 92. Eöhne XII, 2. Grote IX, 35. Weidhas 11, 3. This, placed by Holmboe under the indefinite stamp, I assign the coin given to Otto II by Eöhne and Grote to him youngest of Otto I's sons, Heinrich von Gardelegen.

The fact that the denarius >) came out of the Salzwedel mint 1) A denarius is not an obol, like Köbne (catalog R«iohel 91, 98

246 K>»i^ Bahrfeldt:

gone, is undisputed and is evidenced by the key on the back page^). Otto II and Henry. According to the existing coins, both have minted in Salzwedel; but if we take into account that of Otto n. only bracteates are known, so he probably denarii has not influenced, and since we also have Heinrich next to Brac- Teats also know denarii, so there is certainly justification, The above denarius is also attributed to Henry rather than to Otto II.

Of course, this is not a positive certainty, just us We just have to help us with some points in numismatics Abandon guesses and assumptions. —

These are the Brandenburg coins of the find. The below, those from Eöhne are mostly for Brandenburgisch declared and by Holmhoe and Grote partly under the Branden- Calculated in Burgundian terms, partly left undetermined, I want try to assign their correct place.

Meissen.

11. Hohnhoe III, 148.

This strange coin has only recently been discovered (Ztschr. f. Numismat. YIII, p. 169) subject of the investigation been Dannenberg. While Holmhoe, Eöhne, Grote and Yossberg attributed the same to Otto I of Brandenburg she Dannenberg to Otto II. I opposed it in the Vienna num. Ztschrft. Vol. XTTT, p. 194 I briefly commented that

and Ztschr. III, p. 869 below). — A variant of this denarius in My collection^^ still has it on the back on each side of the middle river an eight-stranded steron and weighs 0.60 gm.

1) I would rather use the Salzwedel key, see my suggestions in the Vienna one nnm. Ztschr. Vol. XIII, pp. 214 - 217, also my ^Brandenburg towns- Coins from the Eipper period, 1621-1623" p. 7 and F. Bardt in "Weyls Berliner Künzblatt« pp. 278 and 809.

2} From Otto II the Bracs described above in Nos. 4 and 5 are teaten and Yon Heinrich to Bracteaten: Eöhne, Ztschr. III, plates X, 8, 9; ▼. Graba, Boemenzien No. 7; Vienna number. Ztschr. XIII, plate VII, 12, 18 and in denarii: y. Oraba, Tf. litt, a nnd b to name «

To the ifanzfand toq Daelie. 247

I don't think the denarius is of Brandenborg origin at all hold. I would like to explain this view in more detail.

First of all, it should be noted that the drawing of the coin Holmhoe and then the one given by the other authors is not is true In Christiania there is not only one copy - act, as Dannenb^rg also assumes, but rather a yoll-standing one copy and a half copy. In a sense, both complement each other different, but they are still neither in the imagination nor in exactly consistent with Scripture.

Holmboe now has his illustration number 148 from both pieces composed; this becomes clear from the following descriptions and the relevant drawings. .... OMHRl ....

Armored and helmeted bust from the left side, with his right hand a lily in front of him, with his left one Holding sword. In front of the face there is a six-foot beam Star, two dots next to the sword on the right. Rf, II I-rrrri-rirr Building with three domed towers; in Wall arch and next to the central tower on both sides six-pointed star.

19mm. 0.49 Gm., not as incorrectly stated everywhere 0.54 Gm. Plate IX, 11.

Köhne XIK 1. Grote IX, 32. Weidhas II, 2. Voss berg, the seal of the Mark Brandenburg, plate A, 2, No. 8. Ztschr. f. Numism. VIII, p. 168.

12. +OTTO

This half-baked piece gives way to Sf, and Rj, Tom Torigen off. However, the idea in general is the same, but on the radio the balaclava and the star have been changed Yor the face is missing and the points next to the sword are also missing. Here is the image of the coin on the rf smaller and differently shaped and missing from the building below the arch with the star.

Plate IX, 12.

248 km Babifeldt:

Very similar to Grote, Bl. f. Münzkunde III, Tf/VI, 119; Magazine f. Numismat. VIII, plate HI, 15.

What is very unfortunate is that it is the end on both coins The transcription is unclear, despite careful cleaning The letters on the coin cannot be deciphered with certainty.

At No. 11 you can read MÄRIMONS (and still space for a letter), however, number 12 seems to be the end To be MäRIMONT or MÄRIOMIS * is not possible MARIIOY..., as otherwise stated, also the union of MäRI with the following letters to form a word does not exist appropriate meaning.

From the transcription alone, it's just OTTO MKRI is certain, it is safe to say that the fatherland of coins is the case Don't draw a conclusion at first; because we have one at that age of the coins matching Otto Marchio both in Brandenburg, like in Meissen. But let's look at the factory Embossing, but not according to the previous illustrations based on the original, or at least a good impression, so we cannot possibly overlook the fact that it is entirely the same is not Brandenburg. We find it in Brandenburgisclien There was no factory anywhere remotely similar to the coins of that time, There is no mint anywhere that we can attach these coins to able to set.

Dannenberg has (Ztschr. i. Numism. VIU, p. 169) the following Imitations of these two denarii were added in order to also exclude to derive the Brandenburg origin from this. The AM DVIS6NSIS of the two imitations he brought he, relying on those who do not know how to read and write Die cutter and on mix-ups and omissions Yon letters as BRÄNDeBVRGeNSIS. I like this But it seems very forced, especially since Dannenberg did it Shortly afterwards, Stempeischneider calls him an artist and he, crazy I don't, also elsewhere about the artistry of the Stamp cutter Ottos U. speaks.

To the coin fQud tone Daelie. 249

The multiple occurrence of the Yerwechselong of the characters S and 6 is admitted, but replacement is unlikely of the letter K by I. The letter R is not difficult riger than 8 and the very similar B; if the die cutter So if he is an artist, he can, since he can cut a B- can also produce an R.

For me, Dannenberg's proof is BINDVIS6NSIS BRRNDtBVRGeNSIS missed; much closer to us that we first four letters as the corrupted name of the Look at the coin princes and look at the fifth letter Y. add two side strokes for M, the following seven But leave the letters unchanged and now completely informal ... .MIStNSlS read. The OTTO MäRIM also fits this... of the originals very well, so that I don't hesitate to use them as Characteristics of Margrave Otto of Meissen (1156-1190) see. This assumption is also by no means valid. against neither the relationship with the Pomeranian denarii, (Dannenberg's Pomerania I, 1) and the saying Dannen- bergs (Ztschr. f. Numism. a. a. 0.), “that to Margrave Otto von Meissen should not be thought of; because from that area there would be no denarii at all.^ If, with reference to the latter^ to If such things are not known now, that is at least the case it has not yet been proven that none could exist at all.

Did I hit the right mark in my comments? — In any case, the two characters are interesting enough to be one subject to detailed scrutiny.

Saxony.

13. Holmboe IV, 199.

BüRNA --= R The helmeted and armored duke with holding a sword diagonally across his chest in both hands, next to it on the right there is a sign.

21mm. 0.77 Gm.

Plate IX, 13.

260 km Bahifeldt:

Köhne S, 354, 12. Grote IX, 42. Elze, the coins of Bernhard II, plate II, 58, where, however the Gharacter of the Bracteate is not accurately reproduced is. Ztschr. f. Numism. IX, plate V, 15. The inscription says that we are a Bracteate Bernhard's Toa Saxony, 1180 - 1212, is before us. In Holmboe, Köhne and Grote is the same because of the weak character of the writing been recognized, and also Dannenberg, who, however, has the R read, has (Ztschr. f. Nninismat. IX, 8. 282, 15) the piece as Calculated in Brandenburg under Otto II and may be erroneous Occurrence indicated in the Seelensdorfer finds.

If the Bracteate had no Scripture, 30 would be this dispensation because of the matching characteristics, the Bernhard coins with those of Otto II of Brandenburg, not unjustly manufactures. '

Aach the following Bracteates No. 14 - 18, which from Holmboe and Grote left undetermined, but Eöhne left Otto H. from Brandenburg, I put because of the factory, of the type and other characteristic agreement with Bernhard's safe coins also belong to him. These are:

14. Holmboe IV, 148.

The helmeted and armored duke with sword and shield and lance. In the field on the left is a yellow-leaved rosette and a hingel. The whole thing from a circle of rays surrounded.

21mm. 0.51 Gm.

Plate IX, 14.

Köhne p. 354, lÖ, Grote IX, 41.

15. Hohnboe p. 47, ß, 2.

The Duke helmeted and in armor with flag and shield, above the latter a ÜLreuz", next to the flagpole on the left a point.

Zorn Mönz found Ton Daelie. 251

21 Mr. 0.63 Gm.

Plate IX, 15. Köhne p. 854, 11. Grote p. 277, 65.

16. Holmboe V, 201.

The Duke in the coat, apparently bare-headed Sword and flag, between two larger ones and two sitting on smaller towers.

24mm. 0.63 Gm. (broken out)»

Plate IX, 16.

Hohne XII, 9. Grote IX, 44.

17. Holmboe p. 48, ß, 7.

The Duke is helmeted and armored, with a sword and flag. To the left is a sign, to the right a turret.

20mm. 0.86 Gm.

Plate IX, 17.

Köhne p. 354, 16. Grote p. 277, 70.

18. Holmboe p. 48, ß, 6.

The helmeted and armored duke with sword Cross staff between two dome chimes.

20mm. 0.86 Gm.

Plate IX, 18.

Köhne 354, 15. Grote pp. 277, 69.

Bietzneuendorf. Emil Bahrfeld t.

You are visiting the town of ITeisse in Silesia.

ScMesic numismatics offers a lot to study difficult questions and puzzles, the solution to which is often only possible can be searched for and found via major detours. A main Bad condition is specifically the lack of sufficient documentary evidence News and the lack of credibility of the existing ones. The many wars that took place in the fourteenth and fifteenth Century this country was, especially the Hussite raids trains and the battles of Matthias Corvinus, later also the thirty-year-old Krfeg, from whom this part of the father- country suffered particularly - they robbed many archives, scattered, destroyed. Unfortunately, that's what happens with coin award certificates There isn't much to be found at the moment, other than a look into each particular any Silesian document book can teach. On the other hand, has Tradition has shown itself to be very active in this area, it speaks particularly from the chronicles of ancient and modern times. We have a not inconsiderable amount of them News about the coinage, but they are all more or less unreliable and should only be used with caution.*) It is Therefore, allocations mainly focus on the goods to be allocated. shape yourself to take consideration and from this the standard to find out to what extent the chronic news can be trusted is. Where the coin itself speaks clearly, there is much more to it

1) Examples in my AnfiMtze about Silesia's medieval coins, in these Browse Vol. IX, p. 308 ff. a. X, p. 20 ff.

F. Friedenslmig: The Heller of the town of Neiise. 253

give as to any chrome message. Unfortunately, but speak Our medieval beliefs are not always very clear, it is therefore eiv clearly how difficult it is to operate with a material that... almost hot every step failed. With that in mind, you have to remember be careful, even better results than have been achieved so far to achieve.

The following pages are dedicated to the attempt to create a small A series of coins minted in the same city in the right light in that what was said above applies particularly to them. It These are the hellers that came out of the mint in Neisse, which city as the capital of the episcopal principality Neisse-Grottkau-Ottmacbau naturally plays a more prominent role played in the history of Silesia.

Neisse, undoubtedly a very old city ^), was founded by his Governor, Jaroslaus, Duke of Opole, who lived up to his 1201 deaths took place in Breslau, together with the bishopric bequeathed to the “Lande Ottmachau” to the diocese and in its possession it remained until the peace of Breslan brought the princely thum into two parts, the Prussian and the Austrian, separated. As a result of its favorable location, the city was early early to bloom: in 1310 it received the “jus munidpale Flemmingicum^, after the Magdeburg The law that had been valid until then had not already been proven earlier and especially afterwards a number of important 4ger privileges were granted, which still need to be commemorated will.

As far as Neisse's coinage in the Middle Ages is concerned, So I, supported as always by the tried and tested love Worthy of the Breslau city archivist Dr. margrave, to whom I hereby express my deepest gratitude, I have endeavored to

1} cf. MiDBberif, pushed by the city N. Neiese 1884, 8. 4 ff. The (^leich- The named river is mentioned as early as 1000, occasionally by the Peldzage Emperor Henry II against Boleslaas Chrobry, perhaps the Poles already had that ao the strategically important and favorable point of convergence Neisse and Biela built a fortified village.

254 F- Friedenabarg:

everything documented. Know the material that could be obtained to learn and collect. Except the relevant literature are the archives of the cities of Breslau and Neisse, as well as the cathedral archiy and the EgI. Provincial archives, both in Wroclaw, were researched in order not to ignore anything that gives light could. Unfortunately, the yield was low, like the following lines will show.

It cannot well be doubted that the bishops have minted in Neisse since ancient times, as was the case elsewhere It was common for a mint owner to have his rights in several places exercised his territory, which sometimes resulted in the obvious Differences in style between simultaneous expressions of the same prince clarifies. From the approx. 12 - 15 Silesian Bracteates') with the Lily, which are undoubtedly to be assigned to the diocese, one may say cher emerged from the Neisse factory - of course who did you want to make the distinction? We find it as early as 1294 as witnesses to a document recorded in Neisse -) calls Ditricus monetarius and Gerhardus monetarius. It lies Therefore, the assumption is not far-fetched that one type of the knew the denarii of Bishop Henry I'), namely the raw ones äMVS instead of äGNVS, in the Neisse mint according to the pattern the delicate ones made in the capital by the Italians Pieces are embossed.

The first piece that has its own Neisse provenance - speaks, is that of Mr. Director J. Friedlaender in this Magazine Vol. V, p. 288, published by Heller, its publication here is still given.

Mr. Director Friedlaender, who deserves the credit for the inter- Having recognized and deciphered the essante piece first, says: “King

1) Namely the type which is described in my cited treatise (Vol. IX 8. 819 ff.) are referred to as the “grosaen^,

2) No. YII communicated by Kastner in the Neiaser Schalpiogram in 1852 Certificates.

8) cl Vol. IX of this journal p. 886 and Bl. f. Mafirde. 18th year, No. 108, col. 911, note 2.

The Heller of the city of Neisse. 255

So Wenzel asked for this farthing to be minted in Neisse, and he Accordingly, Neisse describes it as a “Bohemian test state”. It

can initially be seen both because of the treatise mentioned in comprehensively provided numismatic evidence, as well as from the historical reasons that only Wenzel, Karls ly. son, to Silesia is related, it cannot be doubted that under King Wenceslas, the Roman-German Emperor, this stucco was minted is. But whoever had it minted is more doubtful, especially since none Document could be found that would provide information; but grant The following historical facts provide some support. After that After the death of Bishop Pretislaus (1376), the situation deteriorated of the Breslau diocese in great confusion, which was why at that time the prevailing schism in the church contributed. Admin. Strators elected in 1380, Prince Wenceslaus of Liegnitz, the future bishop, soon after his election those quarrels began between the city of Breslau and the Clerikem, which are known under the name of the “Pfaffenkrieg”^ The king, as the country's supreme ruler, naturally didn't agree with this too, he took the side of the Breslau residents, confiscated church property and even ordered the Neisse council to appoint the clergy had fled there to hand him over, but the council did rejected. In 1383 the parties finally came to an agreement. In my opinion, we have to go back to this period between 1380 and 1383. The coin in question must be misplaced. From Chapter, the administrator or another spiritual authority or personality it can't have gone out because it lacks every spiritual badge and symbol that is used would not correspond to that time, but the king had it

$ Well-known legend, which the style of these monzens seems to confirm, since it reminiscent of some Italian styles.

Z«lUdirift for Namismatics. X. 18

256 P-Peace Burfir:

Not to give orders to Neisse himself, nor to any mint officials there, and a. 8o direct intervention in the bishop's sphere of power, such as the coinage in the episcopal coin cannot easily be be suspected. If the Neisse had really been a Bohemian »coin« back then place^, one would probably also see the usual Bohemian ones. Mix coins struck there, not a constantly new thing invented embossing. The explanation is simpler: Wenzel be- I told the council of the city of Neisse (or, if you prefer: he gave him the right to strike these farthings. As a motif one can consider the intention to give the city a beneficium to make her more inclined to his wishes, or the To express clergy, to assume - because strictly speaking would have the award only from the sovereign d. i. the bishop, from are allowed to go^) — one could perhaps also fulfill the need claim, but all of this has no significant influence on the assessment of the numismatic question. In any case, it is clear to raise the diplomatic cunning with which the character was chosen: the king's name had to be the work of the city who cover their right, which actually has no right, just shyly through the lily of the city coat of arms and the original name “Neisser Heller^, which only shows the origin in geographical terms meaning, indicated. So the advice held true after all Pages: he had exercised his right, satisfied the king and yet did not directly insult his sovereign. Of course it will Bishop Wenceslaus soon made sure that this was strange Monument of a distant era disappeared. Hence the rarity of the piece and the long break in the city's minting activity, perhaps also the lack of originals relating to the same customers.

This was the first coin only with reservation as a municipal one

1) The men's right was sometimes later given by King Terlieken and confirmed, e.g. B. the Dukes Karl Albert and Georg Yoa Münsterberg Vladislaas, after the emperor had previously told them in a peculiar way who later passed on to the bishopric of Breslau with the right to the gold embossing gifted.

The Heller of the SUdt Neisse. 257

Mint, rather as a kind of hybrid between a royal coin and city coin, this is what is now to be considered Stock ') *) can certainly be described as urban.

Of course, here too there is no certificate confirming the award or Renewal of the city's coinage law, but it can For historical reasons there can be no doubt that these The loan must have taken place around the year 1430. Into the hussi The city also experienced turmoil, particularly in 1428 and 1433 Neisse suffered a lot at the hands of the invaded enemies One year there was even a big meeting between the citizens from Neisse and the Bohemians, in the latter the suburbs badly devastated (cf. Minsberg 1. c. p. 42). Regarding loyalty of citizens and the various harms they suffered (“have Considered, says the bishop, many vleiss getrewer services and veste durability of strict storage and possible by and zasteorun gezu heavier costs and strains ours and ours churches erbar town of Neyss. . . against the damned heretics of behem gothon and created and various possible damages and vorterbnusse etc. ') in 1432 Bishop Conrad transferred the council to the Main team of the “Lande und Stete Neyss Ottmachaw Patsch” kaw Ziegenhals and Weidenaw^ and also gave the city in 1434

1) cf. in Bl. f. Mzfrde. 18th year No. 103 the essay by J. and A. Erb- stone. I don't think the same thing was mentioned to me when I was writing it What was unknown to Abhandloog was the great fragmentation of our literature SU is probably to be excused, all the more so as this study is not initially presented in a numerical matic magazine, but in the magazine for museology. By the way, I regret that the learned authors are reprinting her treatise is not my interpretation (vol. staben SU Q 61 have subjected them to their valuable criticism.

2) There are two types of clay in this light, with and without two rings in it the lily shield.

3) Words of the document from 1431 Minsberg 1. c. Supplements p. 23.

18*

258 F* Friedensburg:

a ^salt market for small salt'^ like other cities have. Since it is now known how closely the market and... Mint law still existed in those days, as furthermore it was not possible take i) is that the Council of Neisse is usurping the right to coin money will have what can be assumed from many other cities probably, since Heller from that time is finally mentioned, which as will soon be proven, must definitely be urban, The assumption is that the right to mint is granted the city of Neisse falls into the time mentioned above, a necessity conclusion to be drawn.

The finds point the piece pictured above to that time around 1430, as it is with “Rempelhellern^, Oelsem and alte Liegnitzem is found together. Furthermore, Deverdeck reports after one handwritten note that there were several species in 1449 Pfennigs (i.e. Heller at the time) were disreputable, but expressly those To take Breslauer, Neisser, Schweidnitzer, Brieger and Oelser been ordered. It is not acceptable how the gentlemen of inheritance stein thun, minted in Neisse under these “Neisser Pfennigen”. To understand bishop's coins, because the society in the they are mentioned, as well as the consideration^ that the chronicler The prince-bishops of Heller have described it in a somewhat more complicated way would, if necessary, use the expression coined by the city of Neisse Available brighter. The coin itself also speaks energetically against their spiritualization. If we talk to the Heller Bishop Comparing Rudolf's, the first thing that comes to mind is the lack of a spiritual one symbol, in which the patron saint is embossed, which appeared on all Breslau bishop's coins for centuries. seems and already on the Heinrichsdenar by the saying and the lamb is suggested. Our piece is very similar to interpreting the Oelser and older Wohlauem.*) Here too

1} Because of the stricter order in the diocese lands in proportion to the Duchy.

2) With eagle shield and bull's head. These and the following coins are All of them are briefly mentioned in my cited essay.

The Heller of the city of Neisse. 259

the same eagle shield of the highest similarity in execution. This eagle shield is characteristic of the city coins in general, But the lily shield is just as urban, especially episcopal; the Incidentally, seals that used to be used by the city of Neisse at that time show this always 3 lilies. The exterior of the coin speaks for itself their allocation to the city, in my opinion this is with theirs Inscription to an even higher degree the case ffl — Q — GL that is the one correct reading, which of course sometimes occurs by shifting the Letters in the stamp are not entirely clear. The Mr. Hereditary stone reading with astute conjectur SQoneta Qonradi Bpiseopi and therefore share the farthing with Bishop Conrad of Breslau 1417-47 to. If this interpretation is assumed to be correct, it should It is strange how different the language is from that of the others Bishops' and princes' coins stand out. All the known ones Medieval coins from the Breslau bishops do not have this Moneta, neither Heinrich, nor Rudolf, nor Johannes Turzo; but name everyone not just Bpiscopus, but also put the name of theirs diocese. The analogous phenomena also show the knew Heller of the simultaneous L - D - B and the later one Matthias Corvinus ffl—B — R. On the other hand, if you take the from Interpretation suggested to me Sßoneta Qivitatis Bpiscopalis or Bcciesiae wants to accept, then this is completely consistent with the usual Text of the inscriptions on the city coins match. You compare only: SR h (Bolkenhayn) JBOL (Oels) iü d W (Wohlau) etc., apart from the fact that individual Upper Silesian town halls show the Moneta and the city name written out. That The fact that $ß is not at the top, as usual, should not be strange, Even the more mentioned Heller Bishop Rudolfs has it Name initial to the side and not at the top. The concealment of the City name finally and the designation as a bishop's city is allowed not take miracles, both the bishops and the council themselves place value on this designation, as do the words: “our and our churches erbar city of Neisse” quoted above

2fi0 ^' Friadensbuiig:

Document from 1434, as well as the inscription on a Neisse seal^) aas the 14th century: S. aiVlVSßDaßYZRFIDeLIVÖl. QaQIiQSIä proves. It may be admitted that the for the arguments presented here not too important strong ones enjoy, in their entirety but they should overcome all doubts about it.

The third piece, which as far as I know has not yet been published is ^), also has a certain value for the deductions just given Werth.

In 1514 the council of Breslau complained to the king about the country's coin situation and writes') among other things: As King Matthias in Silesia, a coin in shot and grain, prescribed both in groschen and helle*), he has even pennies, and some princes as well as several royal ones Let cities beat Heller. Since then, these royal ones have had Cities abstain from coins, but “in the princely cities, namely Neisse^, Fraukenstein and others are Heller with un- the same meal and grain and much less than prescribed Coin of King Matthias was minted. This goes with me certainty that the city at the time of Matthias had the coinage rightly owned and exercised, the coin certificate also had this Königs himself mentioned, again among all the urban hellers “Neisser^ with the remark that they should continue to circulate. It remains an open question whether this is the second or the third of the coins described here; in the latter case

1) cf.y. Sanrma, heraldic book of the Silesian cities, see ?. Neisse.

2) Brief mention in my treatise Vol. X, p. 37.

3) Klose, Documented History of Breslau, 154th letter.

4) Monetary letter from King Matthias Gonrinus, containing the Silesian monetary system ordered, tone 1470 can be found in the city archiT of Breslau (cf. Vol. X, p. 42). Kr contains a wealth of extremely interesting and instructive data on Silesian Coin customer.

The Heller of the city of Neisse. 261

The meal and grain of the same would have to deteriorate later have, because King Matthias cleared out from under the "evil" Hellem and would also have reduced the people of Neisse to a melting pot if it had they would have been poorly paid in his time. Therefore probably the second type of heller will be meant in the coin cover. What But as far as the third type is concerned, the finds show that these Heller after 1470 it cracked heavily and continued until the beginning of the 19th century in circulation in the sixteenth century, they are all essentially the same, some of slightly better, some of raw style. Here the eagle appears free and not up to the task, as well as on the later Glogauem etc., and here too it is the symbol of the city's minting law. The back shows the individual lily again, like the farthing from the Time of King Wenceslas: the often found phenomenon that the Medieval die cutters are on this point with the Didn't take heraldry seriously. Even in those days, people were delighted The city flourished and received it from Bishop Jodokus in 1460 the bailiwick and the jurisdiction in its area') and many other privileges were added to this. That's why It is not to be assumed that the city does not also have the right to mint should have had, that so many less important towns exercised. At this time the documents repeat: Hellern “genger or common coin” spoken while Before that, calculations were always based on Prague groschen and the like. If now also according to finds and documents from all lords and cities Brighter circles with each other, perhaps this expression may print must be related to the Neisse coin, especially as the city taxes are fixed in it

All in all, Neisse's claims are likely autonomous character now in a favorable light and sublime about the vindications of the bishops and kings appear. The Extensiveness of the above monograph excuses the attempt about this point to reach conclusions and solid results

to reach. F. Friedensburg.

^lyMiDsberg 1. c. Supplements p. 30.

262

A numismatic &emäld6.

(Plate VIII.)

A painting has already been discussed in these pages been, for the purpose of comparing with a medal about the person depicted on it. to gain power (vol. YU p. 108), I may be allowed to take advantage of it, to entertain readers with another painting because it is the Picture of many coins that answer the question Masters of this work of art are of importance.

It is a picture of the Old Dutch School in my possession, which is mine. Yater about 45 years ago acquired here, and its subject matter more often, especially on No. 671 of the local royal family. Painting gallery returns. Regarding Kugler says the same in his art history (vol. UI p. 108, III. ed.) under the article Quintin Messys (Massys): “Then He is credited with several genre paintings in life-sized eel figures. written, such as the repeatedly repeated image of the two misers, whose supposed original belongs to Windsor* Castle in England. Quintin's successor was his son Johann Messys.^ Accordingly this picture was of the royal. Museums, so much I remember the name of the man in his old catalogue Quintin Messys baptized. But when I came into possession of my When I got to it and looked at it more closely, I noticed There are doubts about Quintin's authorship

A Dumismatic Qem&lde. 268

numismatic reasons, which become apparent upon closer inspection Going into the matter proved to be completely justified.

But before we enter into a discussion of this question, A short description to explain the attached illustration. exercise of the painting in question must be sent in advance, to^ the same not just in the format, as well as the drawing and the Colors from the specimens of the Egl. Museum differs The former, painted on wood, SS cm wide and 57 cw high, represents in a wood-paneled room two men in advanced Dude, sitting at a table, counting, weighing and booking money The one we see on our right, with tender, almost feminine features, dressed in a brown doublet, His head wrapped in a black cloth, he holds one in his left hand Scales on which a gold thaler from Franz I is displayed through the speaking weight is skyrocketed so significantly, that he expressed his displeasure by grimacing and an accompanying gesture of the right hand blatantly gives expression. This is probably what the name of both is based on Men as misers, while perhaps the more correct term is as tax collectors (receveurs de Louvain) is which others give to him; for our purpose it comes down to an investigation does not address the question of whether this or that is preferable, or whether you just have to think of two business people. More The other person who prefers to wear a white, wrinkled face shows serenity. is dressed in throw and his head is covered with a red shaggy cloth has covered, which reaches down to the chick and on his appears again on the right. He counts with his fingers Gold coins in his left hand, which he puts in a book with his right enrolls. In front of both men lies, apparently still uncounted a pile of gold and silver coins, as well as a stake weight of the type still in use today. These coins are, in fact, as well as the other accessories, a brass candlestick and on on the cornice a wooden box with documents, so masterly