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Zeitschrift für Numismatik, vol. 9 — 1882
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Sophia or PeM&sa. gl
of eternal power, of state and church. The Labaron is then converted into the margravial fiefdom. Yermuth Archbishop Wigmann in Magdeburg, who died in In 1164, some “Byzantines” from the Promised Land were crucified brought with him, the types of which were made by the stamp cutters of his homeland math was by no means exactly imitated or even tortured, as similar things happened elsewhere, which only gave them that provided motive for their bracteate types. The stamp cutter has a foreign type in free on the coin in question Treatment repeated, but not at all intended, native to represent people.
The Bracteat, which is represented by the, with petit-gris, the heraldic “Eisenhütlein^, lined coats are also known to be particularly special is of heraldic interest, is depicted, except on the of E. B., also in Schlumberger Plate I, Fig. 1.
The Emperor and the Virgin Mary had to viribus unitis that Holding symbol of the empire. But Albrecht was not a titular prince, but he was called “Margrave” because, according to the time, he was Royal commander of the border regiments of Sazonia against the turning was. The fief's flag was the insignia of his Am- tes, his commando, as the staff is that of the field marshal But his wife had no part in this commando Theirs was not through a flag, but at most symbolized by a slipper. The stamp cutter would have intended, or even just knew, to portray a margravine, then he would not have made her a co-bearer of the flag. So He knew a lot about state law that nothing united here hold was. This is also why I believe that neither Sophia, Petrissa is still depicted.
Eckstein's essay had now, apart from the one submitted to me, pushed, another signed with my cipher Note that is actually added by me. It affects the financial guren on the shield of Margrave Otto (cornerstone Fig. 8,
6
g2 H. Qrote:
E. Bahrfeldt Fig. 9). Sallet: on p. 22 the lowest piece *), in which all three described the first of that name, 1170 until 1184, recognize. The shield on his arm is - as a weapon - pen blazonnirt: — divided crosswise, ten or eleven-£Eu;h (Sallet), eight- fold (Bahrfeldt), twelve or thirteen fold (Eckstein). — The different different copies, although certainly all faithfully drawn apparently not the same stamp. Divided transversely tenfold by black and gold has been the coat of arms of the Anhalt family since then the first time the coat of arms became common, at least from then on, where we have knowledge of the coats of arms. Now the question arises: Margrave Otto's shield already shows the clue Heraldic figure, or here it is just a shield nailed with stripes shown? In the latter case, perhaps he was even from black iron nailed with shiny gold brass strips, — to give it more strength? Then maybe it's over This accidental weaponsmith's work created the Anhalt coat of arms shield emerged, there would probably be four crosses and crosses "nailed crosswise on top of each other" with squiggles at the ends Rich, sophisticated ribbons are the motif for the lily coil of the Glevian coat of arms? But these are just hypotheticals theses that further connect to the alternative above. The Question is: Are the horizontal stripes of the shield on the bracteate a shield fitting or already a coat of arms? Only after that Years 1180, coats of arms appear on the armor shields in the equestrian seals, and there is no doubtless genuine coat of arms seal after- assign^ which would be older than that year. Otto's L reign time is now ten years before and four years after the same, and That's why I pointed out the doubt in the note in question showed whether the stripes on the shield were already heraldic have meaning or not. — There are the Michendorfer coins Finds from the TheU are much older than Otto I's reign,
1) Sallet follows the Corpus jnris rule: Minima non curat praetor, and let the reference to his illustrations is completely gone. For me, I have to quote the latter the numbers are by no means minima!
Sophia or Petrissa. g3
So I thought I could accept that there were coins in it probably come from the early years of the latter, i.e. before heraldic decision years 1180 are struck, and that therefore the stripes on the armor shields are heraldic would not have meaning. So that no one, as it happens, has already happened, an objection from this Bracteate the sentence that before 1180 on seals, coins or monuments Coat of arms does not yet exist, I can use it, like every occasion, also ESckstein's coin description used to warn again about that error. -^ Sallet also discusses mine (p. 268; 22nd of the separate print). grade; but since I see the important difference in the same I don't do it between the period before 1180 and after 1180 had highlighted, so it could not be noticeable to Sallet that this was the only thing that mattered to me. He's right, when he says that after 1184 the Ascanian coat of arms* sign occurs. But that is not what I express The “later” time in which, like “I don't I doubt that the earlier brass fittings were already part of the coat of arms had become a figure. However, I don't doubt it, but everything salvis melioribus and would very much like something better be taught. However, since the question about the meaning of the Strips for determining the time of creation of the coat of arms pen, or at least their presentation is of great importance, so I'll take the opportunity to discuss it again here and to recommend them for further discussion.
However, in order not to be misunderstood, I would like to add: add that, in my opinion, if the female figure on The mint considered her to be the margrave's wife it is not allowed to be there because of the stamp cutter had any special reason for portraying the Gremahlin deliver, although he may well have thought that one could recognize the same in it, but only because on his face form a female figure; and the coin does not serve me
g4 H. Grothe:
as an example that at that time the wives of the Mint lords, next to these, have been depicted on coins, ^) like also from the fact that the lady depicted is the feudal lord with her believes there are constitutional consequences for their participation in the border patrol. Mando does not surrender, as this can only be done through loyalty imitation of the model is prompted. It just depended to represent any lady next to the margrave, because the latter showed such a thing. But then it's time for Petrissa Not even imaginable, because this would have happened without a constitutional law The motif cannot be depicted at all.
Sallet looks (p. 259 or p. 13) for examples of the un- common name Petrissa. I can add this to you Petrissa, wife of Count Otto III. from Scheiem in Baiem (f 1123X (ELirschberg: Oldest store of the House of Scheiem- Wittelsbach.) The name is undoubtedly a barbaric one Form of a patronymic femininam formed by Peter. The name often given to it is “Petronilla” — the holy petro- Nilla is even said to have been a daughter of Saint Peter — is obviously the perfectly formed diminutive of Petronia^ according to which the form “Petronella^, which appears in the calendar, will be incorrect.
1) That there is a seal with the images of the margrave and at the same time his I don't know who my wife is.
H. Orote.
Three unedited silver pieces from Glialifeii and Sultan Abul- fadl AI-' Abbäs Ibn Mobammed and some Mamluk sinars.
When I visited the royal coin cabinet last year Museum in Berlin in its Mohammedan part the assistant Mr. Dr. Erman on an inter- Essant dinar, which is not in very good condition, only of his legends. . ä^nm-JI^Lo^! and ..AiaiJt^t recognize Hess, enough for Mr. Erman's ingenuity, him as a, until Now probably the only remaining gold piece of the Abulfadl AF-Abbäs Ibn Mohammed Almusta'tn billah, the Egyptian Khalifa, who was the only one of all, had one, albeit a short one Time, from the 25th of Muharrem to the 1st of Sha'ban 815, at the same time the Khalifat held the sultan's dignity, but with nothing more or at least only slightly more significant actual violence than they possessed his predecessors and successors. Just one, us here The quasi Sul- tan ahead of the other Khalifahs: that he had coins on his could have names coined. The above proves that he did it discussed dinars.
A single piece with a poorly preserved legend appeared to me, not written down, soon no longer exactly remembered Still not enough evidence for me later. By viewing Inspired by the action of the Berlin Eabinet, I went my own way rich collection again, and now found itself among the incerta,
86 Martin Hartmana:
which I had not even dared to assign to the Mamluks, the following 2 pieces of silver:
1. A. In a double layer that is simple on the inside and beaded on the outside. circle a square with sides slightly curved inwards: in the
Middle: Ju:s^^ (she!), in the segments: | ^yxQal\yi ... | ... | (j^^L»!?. — Rf. In a simple circle, a straight square with the symb.: &JÜt I öy^j Jl«^ »üt I ilWt ^; in the segments: ^m^j^Ju \ v->^
2. The same piece, only worse preserved; on A. is Ju^t^t and the 4th segment blurred, but clear in the second U^^LlaI^ and in the third clearly ^i (they) can be read. Rj\ how on 1st; of the segments only / (l^mj^ Jo is preserved.
There could be no doubt in my mind that these pieces too belonged to that Khalifa sultan, and I now had doubts too no longer on that dinar, whose legend Ur. Dr. Erman the He was kind enough to tell me exactly by letter (see above).
Today a man who also sometimes brought me Coins offered for sale, a third piece: the same supplemented the other two in the happiest way: namely, it shows the beginning of Abulfadl ( . . v5|^0 and the end of AI-Abbas Cw U . . ) only weakly, but all the more clearly in the two whose segments of A : ^t | ^^1 ; where the best of ^^jjJU^t should stand, the piece is sanded; the two points should probably the one from ^^. — Rj\ shows in the segments just . . Ujj I ^NA^xi j**wr- The rest is blurred, otherwise like 1. and 2.
The most remarkable thing about the three pieces is that they are very close in terms of size and weight On the other hand, there is a relatively significant difference: 1st Gr. 0.9 English inch, wt. 1.49 ^; 2nd Gr. 0.75 English customs, Weight 1.335 ^; 3rd Gr. 0.7 English customs; Weight 1.448 g.
The letters are the same size on all three and the same shape, and one is inclined to use the pieces for that work of the same stamp. But with certain
.V
Three nifty pieces of silver. 87
closer inspection, small differences: A. of 1 and 3 is fine same stamp. The dimensions are the same; the däl of cX«^ has an upward one on both at the end appendages; the points on both are ordered so that two in the two corners of the square under ^ stand, one over the fairly flat now. The page legend begins on the left from the middle legend. The latter is also the case with 2, each but the däl doesn't have the tail at the end and the points are more numerous; in the square is between ^ and sX^ on the right there is a fourth point, as if this should create a sym-
metric can be produced: . . and ^j^^UxI! has except that
Point at the end still dots to the right and left, above the *ain. Nothing can be seen of the outer pearl circle in 3, but probably only because the rascal didn't catch him. has 2, As far as can be seen, no pearl circle. — On RF. is Although the arrangement of the segments at 1 and 3 is identical; the Legend begins with \^^ above the symb., but has 1 on it Z. 2 over »JLJi a longer line, over Ju*^ a shorter line, likewise Z. 3 over J^^ and ÄUt, while these lines at 3 missing. They are also still missing at 2, but here it says v.jumwcJ^j on the right, so the legend began below the symbol.
In 1 the planchet was significant, in 2 it was a little larger as necessary; 1 therefore has a fairly broad, unimpressed shape Edge. — All these circumstances; but especially the difference in Size and weight, confirm what has already been done by different has been observed from the sides: namely that the Mamluk muuzen is not based on a nominal value. Mr. Dr. Erman wrote me about this last year and explains it by saying provides evidence in his review of Pooles, Catalogde etc. Vol. IV {m this journal Vol. VIII p. 239 f. furthermore out. However, Kr only speaks of the gold coins and finds that that the fluctuations that can also be noticed in the silver pieces
g3 Martin Hartmano:
in weight “little with these thin pieces of bad metal I would like to say, however, with Hm. Prof. Earabacek, who spoke to me verbally about it, assume that too The silver coins of the Mamluks only had a significant impact on e-commerce had the right course, but in the case of larger payments it was against it been weighed. — It is regrettable that Mr. Erman the did not specify the size of the pieces he weighed. — About the Mamluk dinars that I own and all of them pretty well preserved, the following:
1. Faraj, 1.1 English; Weight 5.885 g, Poole IV, No. 643, the legends agree except for A above, where only J^ of s^LftJlj can be seen, while from the last, in No. 643 P.'s blurred line clearly ^j#m.s> and the upper part of xuUj can be seen. What is very striking is that the piece larger than all of the Br. M., but almost around is one gram lighter than the lightest of its size, and almost 4g lighter than the lighter of the two closest to him in the legend (P. No. 644). I also notice that there is a _j before the last words there is nothing to be seen on the 3rd line of A on my piece, — at least I can put a horizontal line right under that Do not consider the third letter of this last word to be — ^ but there is clearly a letter after the last word (point carrier) clearly, and that I said this last word myself for external and internal reasons not for lVa^J!; rather for a nickname of Faraj himself, not his father. But that belongs in a more detailed criticism of Poole IV, whose author a large number of some very dubious, some decidedly incorrect readings with one, not scientific security that can be mentioned, as is the case at all “Catalogue of oriental coins^, which is responsible for working into the Oriental numismatics in general are unpredictable Werthe is very valuable when studying individual games in detail should be used with caution.
2. Eaitbai: Gr. 0.67 English Customs service; Weight 3.392 g, so much too
Three different syllable bars. 89
recognize « P. IV, 681. about A is clearest ^ (from &L^t) with a dot in front of it.
3. Probably unedited, at least not in Pietras- zewski, Nnmi Moham. Berol. 1843, fasc. I, still at Poole- thinks: Gr. 0.6 English Weight 3.334 g. A. In a curly one Circles: itv «uu« / a^mw«Ju . Above it, traces of the usual wavy ones Line (cable pattern), also on the right side; between both ^t under the bit of line on the right traces of Ju^. —Rev. from the Leg. above the first wave layer, ^LH^nJI, hsi nothing more 'recognizable; below o^^l v.25>JUit; including second wave line; below (s^)ax>13 yoüt the name is arranged like this at Poole lY No. 692; the one with the » devouring The hook of the ^ extends beyond the \jo; However, this is only completely faintly indicated, and the continuation visible on P. 692 is missing. placing the hook beyond the b.
4th Gr. 0.57 inch, wt. 3.294 g. Legends like on 3, only that A. shows the year (l\n instead of ilv, and nothing about tX*^ more can be seen, while the right side of R. sanded, (on 3 it was the left one) so that the pieces are happily add: behind v.J^^(i) is clearly written, and on the the following line that begins with s^Ü, after these . . . . J|.
Rest blurred. —
I also notice that the Mamluk pieces
My collection doesn't have such a complete series
Sultans have, like the Br. Museum, - from some are
I only know dinars and I don't have many aurei to acquire
Means - but not comparable in number and importance to those
just the Br. Museum, but also every other public one
collection can already be measured. —
Martin Hartmann.
On the Greekronology of the Kshatiapa and Ftupta Bynasty.
Addendums and reports.
In my essay “On the Dating of the Ancient Indians Coin and Inscription Series" in the eighth volume of this magazine I have (p. 316) as the latest date, which refers to coins of the Eshatrapa^ynasty of Eathiawad seem to be found, the year 300 of the Kshatrapa era is given, but the direction The reading of this date was left undecided.
Kind communications from Sir E. C. Bayley (in letters the same to Mr. Prof. von Sallet and to me) now sit down in a position to confirm the year 300 as actually certain describe, and at the same time give me the opportunity to make a mistake My understanding of the information provided by Sir Clive Bayley about these coins in the Indian Antiquary 1877 p. 57^ to correct. “My coin,” steps Mr. Bayley, “or Better my coins, can't be helped other than Aü vashe^) and y read". The character ^/^ whose meaning is 300 by number Rich documents are secured beyond any doubt So, as I regret not having understood, actually on that one Coins.
Since these last coins of the Eshatrapas were minted of Eumäragupta (from the 1990s of the Gupta era)
1) D. b. "in year.'
On the chronology of the Kshatrapa and Qupta dynasties. 91
direct, the difference between the Esha- trapa era and that of the Guptas at least 200 and some years (cf. my essay cited above, p. 317).
Sir Clive ßayley writes: “It began some time ago I at the instigation of Mr. Ed. Thomas some notes about the subject treated by Hm. Professor Oldenberg never to write down. ...In fact I would say the first part, which is about the Gupta era and about which I am new and independent evidence from the coins of the Hindu kings Kabul's achievements^ in the Numismatical Journal of London published, it wouldn't have been an unfortunate accident for them
My independent writing is out of the question for the next three months
*
provided. I think I can say that the evidence I have collected, suggest that the beginning of the Gupta era in the second century AD is, probably in the Jabr 195, which was also from General Cunningham in the last published part of the Archaeolo- gical Survey of India is stated."
By reserving the right to do so after the publication of Sir C Bayley's prospective investigation into the data to subject the coins of Kabul to scrutiny, be it me allowed to take action now against General Cunningham's suggested approach of the Gupta year 1 = 195 AD to express concerns.
Apart from those mentioned in my essay on p. 300 to 309 claimed moments, I want something special here Place emphasis on the data received in writing, which Position of certain years of the Gupta era within the indicate the twelve-year cycle of Jupiter (Cunningham Arch. Survey IX, 9. 18 ff.) I would like to give a little information about this data here to add comments according to which I a. a. O.P. 327 What has been said needs to be supplemented and partially corrected.
The Gupta year 156 is mentioned in an inscription by the king Hastin referred to as a Mahavaipakha year; the heliacal
92 H. Oldenberg!
Downfall or The rising of Jupiter took place this year under the star Yi^äkhä.
According to the approach of the Gnpta era, which is the right one for me tige seems to be (Gupta = 319 AD), is the one mentioned Year that begins in the spring of 475 AD.
The conjunction of Jupiter took place quite a bit this year exactly under the length of 215** according to the one for the year 1850 valid degree count, so pretty much exactly under the length of 197° according to the Indian count. Let's take the geocene tric distance from the Sun and Jupiter at the time of the heliacal Under or rise = 12° 45', this results from a- fold trigonometric operations that the geocentric length of the Jupiter in the period between the conjunction and the heliacal Under or Rising at around 3° 50' zii- respectively. has decreased; So we get the length of for the setting and rising approximately 193° 10' and 200° 50'.
If these points fall under the star Yipakhä, so that the Designation of the year in question as a Mahavai^akha year proves to be correct?
As is well known, the eyelids were already under in Vedic times the 27 stars, which last approximately twenty-seven days of the sidereal month corresponding to the determination of the lunar orbit and then also to determine the orbit of Sun and planets have been related to a narrower circle of twelve stars are selected, according to which the twelve months of the year, depending on the full moon of the year in question of the month in which one of these twelve stars occurred. Each of these twelve stars is an eponym for a twelfth the ecliptic. According to the system of the later astronomers the star Yi^äkhä encompasses the area of 210'' - 240''; the rise Transition and decline of Jupiter in the one we are discussing Year would therefore not be under Vi^äkha, but under the preceding moving star Citrft falls.
However, there is a high degree of probability
On the ghronology of the Kshatrapa and Guptft dynasties. 93
bring clarity that the later, e.g. B. prevails in the Süryasiddhänta the beginning of which belongs to the individual stars. area for the time in which the domestic area in question written date, did not apply, rather this The area was determined at that time in a way according to which the year 475 in the Thal must have been a Yai9akha year. Those in the Süryasiddhänta and the other recent works The following division of the ecliptic is based on the fact that one of the twelve partial points (the beginning of the sign Agvin!) on that Vernal equinox is placed - at the equinox point of the Namely, the time in which the younger astronomical system of the Indians have been found to be around 560 AD probably that the equation of the night equinox point with the beginning of A^vint only at or around this time came, because not long before the night fell same point, which, like the twelve star-' pictures actually lie, was extremely unsuitable So the starting point for one of them is 0-^^ for the preceding period dependent on the scope of the twelve areas regardless of the night equinox point to determine the position of the twelve constellations yourself. Here shines I now have no doubt that we are the starting point of everyone of the twelve areas, compared to the later system, quite a bit have to move far to the east.') Because the later one
1) For example, note the location of the Qestimes Giträ (Spica Virf^is). Danelbe is eponymous for the seventh of the twelve spheres. About 144 years of gate This star fell during the establishment of the later system, even if it was already then The beginning of A^vini is identified with the then valid equinox point was, exactly on the border of the area named after him, Ton 30 Graden, and before that time it fell outside this area, so that if the full At that time the moon was exactly next to the shining star Spica, the month not according to the same as Gaitra, but according to the gate, about 30 degrees distant star should have been named Phälguna!
2) Adopting a change of ideas about tone where to to Wherever the area of a constellation extends, madness is harmless. Man he* I wonder how completely different these areas are from the other current theories in the system of the Snryi4)nunapti.
94
H. Oklenbeix:
Ansetsong of the same appears, at the actual Ijage of the 6e^ stime measured as a completely unnatural one that can only be achieved through the consideration for the equinox point becomes understandable. Man For example, consider spheres six to nine. For the- We find the same if we find the length after the starting point of the later system, based on Whitney's the map of the ecliptic given to Süryasiddhänta:
Eponymous star.
Location the same.
expansion
the one after him
named
area.
VI. Phalguni VII. Gitrft. . VIII. Vi9Äkha
IX. Jyeshtha
I
141° - 151°
182° 205° - 215°
230°
150° 180° 210° 240°
180° 210° 240°
270°
It is clear that the natural conception of the area^ which belongs to these stars, have been delimited differently must. How she defined it, we can do without direct evidence, which we are missing^), of course not with complete accuracy determine. All in all, it seems to me that the real one Position of the stars with their associated areas harmonizes best when we compare the starting point with the later one To determine the same, move it about 15° towards the east.
We then obtain the area of for the star Vi^akhä 195°—225^
Since now for the year 475 AD that concerns us
2) The distribution of areas as described in the Kalanirnaya (Weaver, the Vedic News from the Naxatra II, 348 A. 1) and similarly to ver- Described in different places can be used for the purposes of ezacter calculations not have been taken into consideration. According to those assumptions, the twelve spheres receive gave a different scope, while the nature of the matter demands that they are given the same amount.
On the chronology of the Eshatrapa and Gupta dynasties. 95
Conjunction of Jupiter at 197^, setting and rising took place under 193^ 10' and 200** 50', it stands to reason that In fact, this year is very likely to be a Mahavai^äkha- year had to be named; the approach of the Gupta era 319 AD is confirmed from this perspective.
Cunningham marks the beginning of the 125 year era earlier than me. A very slight rollover is sufficient. come, the discrepancy between this approach and the Jupiter cycle-related data. In 125 years he will do it Jupiter completes 10 full revolutions and also goes through about 6V3 characters. *)
So if he is at the time to which my approach leads, stood where the inscriptions let him stand, he has to go to that Time, which results from Cunningham's hypothesis, from must have been pretty much as far away from this point as over- is at all possible
1) The correction which is necessary for the one under consideration here geocentric longitude of the planet ku is so insignificant that it is can be neglected.
H. Oldenberg.
1
Two coins of Ashdod.
In the fourth volume of this magazine, p. 266, J. Fried- two coins that are now in the Berlin collection shown, whose locations have not yet been determined. On the front both show male portraits with per- sian sacrifice see p. 268; the second a goddess on one chariot drawn by sphinxes, in his right hand a flower holding up, vne the standing goddess on the first coin. Friedlaender read the clear inscriptions: 1. ANIZAAO A2API 2. MOPI and ZAPI; about, d. h. in In the sense of the reading, there is an isolated H behind the M of MOPI. Read like a Phoenician from right to left:
1. IP AZAHA A2INA d. i, n^^on i^oJ« 'y'^v = strong city Asdöd.
2. IP AI IPOM H; d. h. the previous and bh'^n 8, Hirom eighth (year?).
This coin from ''A^wtog in the time of the first Diadochi when at least the Phoenician cities placed themselves under urban kings enjoyed a pleasant independence (Stark, Graza pp. 350, 448, 454) the satrap costume of Hirom may be responsible for this speak. Already from the application of the local Canaanite instead of the Aramaic imperial language of the satrap coins e.g. b. that of Ma^aiog (cf. my excerpts from Syrian Akt. pers.
Two coins from Ashdod. 97
Martyr. P. 160 No. 1247) concerns the autonomy of the mint location out.
The goddess is undoubtedly the Ateigates nnmnu^r, the lions as they harnessed them in Mabbug, the goddess's own Head attached, provided if the illustration is accurate, the around an Ealathos like the Assyrian human bulls to which Euhhömer refer here to the moon goddess. On the By the way, the goddess appears like Venus on a coin Area at Lebanon (Macrob. Sat. I, 21^ 5) with a captum ob- nuptnm.
The linguistic literacy of this philistine is very great coin; the Ashdoderin nuns, to whom Nehemiah 13:23 because of them their Jewish men took, needed, in an incomprehensible dialect not to be ashamed of this language. \^ün Ps. 89, 9; Htrom is a well-known Tyrian name; the feminine ending ä sounded pure; the ö in Htrom (cf. P. Schröder, the Phoenician language p. 124) if it arose from ä, is influenced by the labial, like MaiovfAu ^ Maijamä, Seewass^ ; Rome or Kam is a God- Name, cf. S^r•^ I. K. 16, 24.
Kiel, June 19, 1881. Oeorg HofltaianiL
i
98
Litteiatar.
A, noavolaxag, Kegfidtia avfißoXixa iv Tf l4^i^vf]aiv i&vix^ vofÄiofiatixf ^ovaelrp xai naq Ydiaraig, Athens 1881. (Sepa- Council reprint from the 9th volume of this "A^ijvaiov.) 52 p. 7 plate 8». From the public and some private collections in Athens the author describes 260 small bronze pieces that are surface- Technically speaking, they can be considered small copper coins (0.005 up to 0.011 Dm.) At first they are just pieces embossed on one side, sometimes just with individual letters, sometimes with the figure of one Thiers or Gerätehs, then double-sided embossed, each scits with a letter, pieces where a letter and a figure and those where figurative representations appear on both sides. Everything What is brought together here of pieces of this kind is complete They probably won't be missing from any of the larger collections, like... probably usually placed under the incerts (cf. Prokesch Inedita, Part II, Vienna 1858 p. 333 Plate 11 n. 30. 31) - bears, the er- Postolaka's compilation certainly gives, despite some diversity of types common character; they are not coins, but chips, tokens. Even with guys who normally rely on coins occur, such as the four-spoked wheel (n. 85. 138. 214. 273), or the head of the goat (n. 81. 161. 162) results in the ver- Binding with the Eehrseite types^ that no coins are available here lie. A herm pillar is often used as the reverse side (n. 37. 141. 146. 147. 190. 196. 211. 221. 222. 242.), more common nor phallic representations that use these pieces exclude as coins. Conjectures about the determination Postolaka doesn't comment on these brands, the most important thing is - if the pieces described here are from the coin series are to be separated. Seven neatly crafted panels accompany it
interesting treatise.
R.W.
i
Printing error.
It should read on page 3 of this volume in the top line Perhaps because of his Argive descent, etc.
Böckh's Euböischer Mtlnzfuss in Sicily.
Jis is now disputed to be the oldest coins of the cities Naxus, Himera, Zancle and their relatives of Zancle opposite Rhegium according to its own coin base are shaped by Bökh in his invaluable metrological works investigations called the Euboean.' This coin base can now be confirmed by more abundant material than was available to him. establish. When he wrote, in 1838, the Royal Monz- cabinets only a few pieces that hit here, Mionnet's Wa- The Paris collection had not yet appeared Böckh's widely used weight information for Pembroke's Works are available in the auction catalog of this collection. been properly corrected. We also now have the information from the British Museum catalogs included in Leake's Numismata Hellenica and those of the Thomas catalogue, which are important there This collection contains so many well-preserved ones, i.e. the yoll weights contained close specimens.
It is admirable how Böckh draws such correct conclusions his poor material. Also his opinion The larger coins of the above-mentioned cities are drachmas 6,067, the smaller obols of 1,011 are replaced by today's ample material confirms this. And with that the saying is made “the weights are by no means correct,” which meant: they Those full weights weren't enough. Based on this assumption,
8:
100 J. FriedlMnder:
the large pieces for Attic eight obols of 5,818 full weight, the small ones declared to be Attic obols. It can be done prove that the objection against Böckh is incorrect.
First of all I want to note: the argument that the pieces did not reach full weight, as against Böckh's assumption, that this was a separate drachma, as well as against the new one Assumption that the pieces are Attic eight obols, because that The majority of specimens also do not reach the weight of 5.818.
But right from the start the assumption is that these are ancient Coins are eight obols, unlikely. They belong to the oldest minted in SiciUen, as every look at it shows goateed Dionysus of Nazus and on the inscription MOIXLAU with acute-angled books similar to the Phoenician rods that consist of individual wedges. I don't know any old more common letters on coins. It's in nature of the matter, and all experience confirms that the imprint started everywhere with the simplest pieces: drachma and Obol, or Didrachmon, Drachma and Obql etc. How should one I also fell for it, first of all, such strange parts like the eight-obol piece, (1} drachma, | of the tetradrachmon) would be to coin?
A second and, it seems to me, irrefutable argument, that these coins of 6,067 and 1,011 are not Attic eight- Obol and obol can be, lies in the fact that one has an eight- Obol piece was divided into eight parts, into obols, but that the small pieces are not eighths, but sixths of the large ones are. Consequently they are obols, and the great ones, their sixths they are, are drachmas.
When weighing coins, a good specimen decides which one has or is approaching full weight for all of its weight used brothers. In truth, they are perfectly preserved, so Completely important specimens are extremely rare, even those that are so precisely weighed coins from Athens almost never reach full weight, and how much wear and tear reduces the weight^ it is beyond that
I ■
Bockh'g Enböiseher Mfinsfoss in Sicily. 101
is only produced after many weighings. This shows The rule: if you are looking for the full weight, you measure to that Add a little more to the heaviest specimens. through- average weights are evil.
Now let's look at the weights according to this rule, without Be considerate of the small number of copies.
Zancie.
Drachma, Leake Nomismata Hei-
Lenica 92.8 English grain 6.01 grams,
So it's almost completely important.
Three Obols in Egl. Monz Cabinet
Acc. 18597 1.02
Acc. 28850 0.8
Fox 0.86
The first is very important, the other two are very important
too heavy for Attic obols.
•
Rhegium.
Drachma, Carelli Plate CXCH No. 7, p. 110
114 Neap. Gran 5.85 Carelli weighs how AveUino in his Adno- tationes p. 2 states, according to Neapolitan Dia- mant-Granen, whose 1 « 0.5132 grams is the Assuming 100 Grane Carelli's = 96 Parisians Granen, so doesn't apply; 102 Carellian grains are = 106 Paris grains, therefore the Ca- rellish grains not smaller than Parisian grains, but bigger.
Naxitt.
Drachmas. Royal Coin cabinet:
Acc. 6094 5.8
Ibid., v. Raoch 5:27
8*
102 J- Friedlaender:
Ibid^ Acc. 377, 1875 very worn. 4.41 grams,
Mionnet Poids No. 438. 92 Paris. Gran 4.89
Hunter, plate 39 XV. . 86 English Gran 5.67
Obol. Eönigl. Mfinzkabinet Acc. 6099 .... 0.8
Ibid, Fox 0.84
Mionnet Poids No. 440. 15 Paris. Gran 0.8
Hanter Island Naxus No. 2 12 English grains 0.78
Ibid. No. 3 .... 11^ engl. Gran 0.74
Brit. Museum .... 13.6 English Gran. 0.87 These are the SädDOLmtliche obols that I
know, and they are all za difficult for Attic
Obole, some much too heavy.
Himera.
Drachmas with the recessed square. Mionnet Poids No. 256 ....llHPar. Gran 5.92 Ibid. Suppl. No. 229 .... 110 Par. Gran 5.84 Obol with the recessed square.
Royal Coin Cabinet Acc 28677 0.9
Ibid Acc. 28630 (poorly preserved and yet closed
heavy for an Attic Obol) .... 0.77 Ibid Acc. 28677 (also imperfect and
too heavy for the Attic Obol). . . 0.75 Taylor Combe Museum Brit. Himera No. 1
ISyVengl Gran 0.^8 So the Obols are here too, all of them the ones I have before me are too heavy for Attic; that Coins that should weigh 0.7273 grams, 0.9 and Weighing 0.88 grams is impossible.
Drachmas with the hen on the reverse side.
Eonigl. Coin cabinet, Fox 5.85
Ibid. 5.82
Hunter No. 5 91^ Gran 5.93
(I only know the Obol from Torremuzza plate XXXSl 5).
Bockh*s Euböischer Manzfass in Sicily. GO
The result of this enumeration is that a drachma of 6.01 and two others of 5.93 and 5.92 almost full weight of 6.06, and in addition to these three there are also four others of 5.85, 5.85, 5.84, 5.82 too heavy for Attic eight-obole pieces are. And further: one of the small coins weighs 1.02, thus fully reaches the weight of the obol of that drachma, one others weigh 0.9, the others listed 0.88, 0.87, 0.86, 0.85 etc., they are all, with the sole exception of the used, far too heavy for Attic obols. Here, where everyone No one will claim that specimens are overweight whatever importance is accidental. Consequently, these coins are drachmas and obols of one foot and not Attic eight-obols and get.
Whether Böckh correctly calls this drachma Euboean has is another question. Maybe this drachma is of 6.067 only the second Aeginean, which reduced; the oldest of 7,273, I have in this volume how Böckh calculated them Page 2 proven to be present. So we call better the coin base the Aeginian.
Böckh's reason for calling this foot the Euboean was that this group of cities co-directly or indirectly from Euboea has been ionized. Naxus, the oldest of all Greek colonies in Sicily was founded by Ghalcis, Zancle of Naxus and Gumae, Himera finally from Zancle. Da Gurnae also from Ghalcis So the origin of all these cities is from Euboea derive. The fact that Gumae does not have this coin base is understandable from the fact that there are no very old coins. Also was it through its neighborhood towards the Attic foot pointed out.
We also have a small, previously unnoticed one in Naxus self-made find, which only consists of coins of this foot existed.
Padre Federigo Pogwisch, monk of the Minorite Order in Mes- sina, an avid collector and researcher of Sicilian antiquities
104 J. Friedlaender:
(he comes from a branch of the well-known family, which in Messina since 1719, before Charles TL's troops conquered the city, is located there) reported this find in the BuUettino dell' in- stituto 1853, p. 158 unfortunately reports too briefly The 26 in one The coins found in terracotta vessels are all drachmas this foot, namely from Zancle, from Nazus (head of Bacchus with pointed beard, Rf. grape with two leaves) and from Rhegium (lion's head, Rf, calf's head). The bearish inscription will REGION, not RECINON, as stated. This The absence of the Himera coins in this find is explained due to the long distance of this city from the site of discovery. But that no coins of Attic footing from Messana and Rhegium were there is evidence that these drachmas were from 6,067 grams not at the same time as those of the Attic foot but are older, not Attic eight obols, but one for existing imprint
Li the Corinthian provinces of Sicily like at the same time Attic money may have been minted, e.g. B. in Selinus, Syracuse etc., and as soon as these cities received superior power, heard that special imprint.
This happened around the year 500 BC. BC; just the coins from Zancle have that special weight, not a coin of Messana Zancle received the name Messana around 496/5 or 492/1 Anaxilaus; So the coins from Zancle are older than 496/5 or 492/1, all of Messana younger.
Among the coins of Messana are not those with the types of Anaxilaus, mule team and hare, the oldest, but The spherical ones with lion's and calf's heads^ are visible with the types of Rhegium older. Consequently, between the Taking possession of Anaxilaus and the beginning of those after him named coinage for some time.
Another consistent chronological determination results It follows from this that the oldest coin from Himera, which... Attic Fusa, on the reverse side the coat of arms of Agrigento,
^.
B5ckh*8 Euböiflcber Mönzfoss in SieUien. 105
the sea crab, now it was, as Mr. Bunbnry proved Uimera united with Agrigento under Theron. Theron ruled from 488/7 to 472/1, he took possession of Bimera around 482. The coins from Himera belong to this period at the earliest the coat of arms of Agrigento and that inherited from Agrigento Attic foot. But they are probably still something minted later; as 476; 5 The Himereans turn against Theron's son Thrasydaeus, who ruled them, became one Coloüie settled there from Agrigento under these conditions corresponds to the introduction of the new type and foot. Accordingly are the coins of the Aegine foot of Ijimera before 482 or but minted before 476.^) Since the city was destroyed in 409, fall their numerous coins of Attic origin in the years 482 or 476 to 409.
Slightly earlier than Himeia probably began in Naxus the Attic foot, perhaps as early as 498, as Hippocrates of Gela took possession of the city.
Although all these coins of the Aeginian foot are equal- shaped early and in towns related to the tribe, they give way but from each other. Those of Himera do not have the city names that of the three other cities have it, partly in decline, partly perpendicular. Apart from the abbreviation THANK YOU him Zancle and Khegium in the nominative DANKLE and REGION'), Naxus has the ethnicum in the genitive pluralis NAXION.
Like the labels, the types also speak for high things
1) Siebe Bunbury in Num. Chron. VII p. 179, 1845; he is then mistaken that he to have first noticed the change in the weight of the coins from Himera (believed Böckb had already noticed him and explained him. Aach held Bunbury Hi- mera for the only city that has not yet adopted the Attic foot had, and he believed that Naiu had coined according to the Attic standard from the beginning, neither is correct.
2) All copies and illustrations that I know of have REGION (back- common): that of the coin cabinet; Num. Cim. Caes.- Plate I, Plate IX 9; Uunter; Magnan Brutt plate XXIV, II; Carelli; Millingen Transactions of the R. Society Th. I, Abth. II. S 96; Hos. Borbonico Th. VIII, plate LXI, 2; Catalog of the British museum. As faithful as Mionnet's likenesses are, one can believe that
106 J* Friedlaender:
Dude. One would like to consider the Yon Himera to be the oldest because they are unwritten and a fairly simple square on the have a downside, but both could also be the result of local inaccuracies. be helpful. In Zancle the square is more artificial, the Both other cities have types on the downside, too the second drachma of Himera; this city alone has two Types of drachmas. The coins of Naxus are the only zigen who have a head. Unfortunately, the Obols have them Types of drachmas, this simplicity also speaks for one original imprint.
The Aegine drachma of Rhegium with a lion's head and calf's head are similar in type and style to attic tetra- drachmas, one cannot doubt that these immediately after opening hearing of the Aeginean foot. Has very similar ones Messana minted after the coins of Zancle stopped, they have the inscription MESSENION.
Isolated among the types of Rhegium is an ancient one Coin, a Unicum, which Mr. de Longp^rier in the Revue numismatique 1866, p. 265. It's an incusus, on the VJ, he has a charging bull with a human appearance litz and in the RECINON section declining, on the RJ, the same Type deepened without inscription. This coin belongs to reputation to the long line of Incusi of southern Italian cities, one should therefore expect that they also have the weight of the same would have, 8.4 or 8.2 grams, she alone weighs 5.65 grams, like Hen' Muret, curator of the Paris collection, with his usual Kindness has helped to heal. Now the coin is of course from mediocre condition, it was broken and is together cemented or soldered; if they really have that weight of 8.4 or 8.2, she would have lost a third of that have, and that is unlikely, especially as the putty
he erred here, he gives REGION (S. I, 848 1045 and plate IX, 27), and REGINOS (S. I, ld9, d47 table volume XXXIII, 59 and ibid p. 67 he improves died to PECIO:g). It will probably always say REGION.
Bockh's Euböischer Hänzfuss in Sicily. 107
or the soldering increased the weight. You want therefore believe that their weight was 6 grams, that of the aegi- neish drachmas of rhegium. If other examples in the future If this were to be confirmed, the coin would be strange because it has the Types according to the southern Italian Incusi, the weight roof the coins of Rhegium and the Sicilian group Coins that have the Aegine weight belonged. The The position and the ratio of Rhegium made this double relationship is not entirely unbelievable. But before that, through a second one The weight of the copy cannot be lost. divorce.
On the other hand, the written word certainly does not belong to Rhegium. loose coin, which is in the Museum Hunt er p. 243 No. 1, plate 44, XV is given. Eckhel and Carelli and Mr. de Loog p^rier took them in, Miounet rightly put a question mark for allocation. She has a quadratum incusum, which is not for Rhegium fits, the weight isn't right either. Maybe she is Maceclpnian, perhaps from Pauticapaeum, where a similar lion- head occurs.
Eckhel had the similarity of the types from Rhegium those of Samos highlighted. But let's compare the coins, So the similarity is not that great. The coins of Rhegium and certain of Messana have a hornless Ealbs- head, Samos a bull's head; those have a lion's head, Samos the skin of the lion's head with the lower jaw slashed. The- Further conclusions have yet been drawn from this.
I have an unwritten one in these pages, Volume IV, p. 17 Silver coin with types of Samos described, with the skin of Lion's head and the Samaena, of which I only have a second one could cite a different example. Our copy should be found in Sicily. Mr. von Sallet then announced the verdict Muthung founded that these coins in Samos for the colony Messana are characterized. Volume V, p. 103. The weight is 17.05 A completely preserved coin would be an Attic tetradrachm.
108 J-Frwdlaender.
incredibly light, it doesn't go well with Saroos, but also not with Mes- sana, whose tetradrachms are completely important. So that too Weight, which I don't like to explain, speaks against that the coin was minted for Messana.
The Sami colony in Messana was founded by Anaxilaus in 496 or 492 expelled; So this coin would be for this colony shaped by the mother city, this would have to have happened before, but this delicate coin cannot be considered to be that old; her would be older than all the coins of Messana, even than the ball- shaped oldest. Why should Samos be chosen for the colony? who have already shaped themselves? why should it? Samaena has chosen as the type, which belongs to the colony didn't have a relationship? I would like to refer to this example built Yermuthung that the mother cities even had the coins minted for the colonies and the finished coins were given to the Co- sent to lonia, do not join. There were technical reasons for this it's not, because hammer embossing is such a simple process, that each colony was soon able to make its own mark. And look at it If we look at the coins, we find that the oldest colonies have their own types, types that the mother cities don't occur. The oldest ones in Sicily also show this Coins: Naxos, Zancle, Himera, Selinus, Syracuse; their types On the contrary, they often refer to the place names of the co- lonia, like the Selinon leaf in Selinus, or on the local ities, such as the sickle on the crescent-shaped headland of Zancle, and the Arethusa to the source of Syracuse.
J. Friedlaender.
ZnlHkrift for .Vunusmalik . IX.
&riecliisGlie coins
with images of historical private individuals.
(Plate IV.)
Not only for Greek numismatics, but also for Archaeology, antiquity and history of great importance The meaning is those Greek coins that have the image someone outstanding in the field of science, literature or art outstanding personality, all the more important because they Greeks were probably the only nation that used their transport* coins affixed such images.
For this reason, I have been collecting for a long time of the relevant rather scattered material concerns me and ask for your indulgence all the more, as my work (apart from from Yisconti's iconography grecqne, which has completely different purposes follows) does not have a predecessor.
If one of the connoisseurs or friends of Greek numismatics matik enrich the collection with one or two pieces be able to do so, I would like to ask for a kind Erginzong by communicating the unaccounted coins.
At the same time, I can assure you that it is my conscience There was no lack of skill when collecting the material; That's why I preferred to set the boundaries a little tighter, by using the portraits of mythical personalities who are not rarely found on coins (Homeros on coins from 10 cities,
110 L. Bfirchner:
Leandros and Hero from 2 mints, Daedalus on pessinun tables Coins, various city founders) may not be quite there Law was ruled out by having a coin with the hi- historical Arion is depicted riding a shark, almost just as little as those previously stated have authorization should appear among the portrait coins that come into question here- to be counted.
When collecting the material I found^ that coins from very different times and Ueimath, as well as very different ones position in life from their fellow citizens or later generations their hometown or, more rarely, the honor elsewhere were, in the portrait of their contemporaries, later generations and even to be handed down in the ims.
It was therefore necessary to place the coins under a face To make a point, I present them in the following series, whereby I note that, as far as I know, on no coin Greek provenance, the portrait of an artist (that of Daedalus and Icarus excluded) is located, and thus the savings fairy Art disappears.
1. Literary personalities and men of knowledge shaft, namely:
a) Poet.
b) prose writer: a) historian; ß) philosophers and other scholars; y) speakers (rhetors).
2. Private individuals^ whose literary activity does not diminish can be pointed out.
All that is necessary before presenting the material is to giving sources and aids.
The sources were, of course, initially the coins themselves best compiled so far by Mionnet (^M)^), as well as the few old ones, which are numismatic or included here Bring notes.
1) ,M. t.* means .Mionnet suppUment*, (No.) refers to plate Vf
Greek Hansen. 111
The main aid was Visconti iconographie grecque (ed. in 8® MilaiD 1824), which deals with some coins related to this, as well as some monographs, which are cited suo loco.
Furthermore, some coins are from the Auction catalog of the Welzl von Wellenheim collection («* WW) listed.
I consider it my duty to those men who are mine assisted with advice and action during the composition process, I would also like to express my thanks at this point, namely the Men: Prof. Dr. Brunn, Prof. Dr. Bursian, Prof. Dr. Heyde man, Dr. F Imhoof-Blumer, Adj. Dr. Riggauer, Prof. Dr. A. from Sallet, Eommerzienrath Wilmersdörffer.
According to the plan outlined above, come first the poets take their turn.
Of the poets whose portraits were found on coins is the oldest of the choral poets Stesichoros (formerly Tisias) from Himera on Sicelia (around 632 - 556). The Coin, the reverse of which, according to the lucky guess, Vis- contis represents is from Himera and from a time when the The newly built city of Himera was given the name Thermä had:
Av. Head of the city goddess of Himera-Thermä on Sicelia, with veil and wall crown to the right, behind it an Amaltbeiahom.
Rf. QEPMITAN IMEPAIiiN an old man (Stesichoros) in a wrinkled coat that reached almost to the ankles* wrapped, standing in full figure (as chorodidaskalos), with one Roll in hand (the roll lies on an upright Knüttel), from which he seems to be speaking, according to the sign Cicero's statement (Verr. accusat. 2, 35, 87: “statua Stesichori poetae senilis incurva cum libro**. M. Visc. 1, 199, HI, 7 cf. Imhoof in the “Berliner Blättem for coins, seals and coats of arms” customer« V (1870) p. 47, 7. (Illustrated Plate IV, No. 10)
Perhaps the portrait represents one or the other of the two famous statues of the poet za Kataoa or Himera.
110 L. Office:
Leandros and Hero from 2 mints, Daedalus on pessinun tables Coins, various city founders) may not be completely included Law was ruled out by having a coin with the hi- Historical Arion is depicted riding a shark, almost just as virus-proof as the previously stated permissions should appear among the portrait coins that come into question here- to be counted.
When collecting the material I found that coins from very different times and homes, as well as very different ones position in life from their fellow citizens or later generations of their hometown or, more rarely, of the honor elsewhere were, in the portrait of their contemporaries, later generations and even to be handed down to us.
It was therefore necessary to place the coins under a face To make a point, I will present them in the following series, whereby I note that, as far as I know, on no coin Greek provenance, the portrait of an artist (that of Daedalus and Icarus excluded) is located, and thus the division Art disappears
1. Literary personalities and men of knowledge shaft, namely:
a) Poet.
b) prose writer: o) historian; ß) philosophers and other scholars; y) speakers (rhetors).
2. Private individuals whose literary activity is not declining can be pointed out.
All that is necessary before showing the material is the Ao- giving sources and aids.
The sources were, of course, initially the coins themselves best compiled so far by Mionnet (»sM)^), as well as the few old ones, which have numismatic or relevant here Bring notes.
1) ;,M. 8.* means "Mionnet Supplement", (No.) refers to Plate IV
Greek Sobe Mfinsen. 111
The aid was ViscoDti iconographie grecque (ed. in 8® Milain 1824), who deals with some coins related to this, as well as some monographs cited sao loco.
There are also some coins, albeit with caution Auction catalog of the Welzl collection from Wellenheim (=== WW) arrived.
I gave it as my duty to those men who were with me assisted with advice and deeds in the composition, I would also like to express my thanks at this point, namely the Men: Prof. Dr. Brunn, Prof. Dr. Bursian, Prof. Dr. Heyde man, Dr. F Imhoof-Blumer, Adj. Dr. Biggauer, Prof. Dr. A. from Sallet, Eommerzienrath Wilmersdörffer.
According to the plan outlined above, come first the poets take their turn.
About the poets whose portraits appeared on coins is the oldest of the choral poets Stesichoros (formerly Tisias) from Himera on Sicelia (around 632 - 556). The Coin, the reverse of which, according to the lucky guess, Vis- contis represents is from Himera and from a time when the The newly built city of Himera was given the name Thermä had:
Av. Head of the city goddess of Himera-Thermä on Sicelia, with veil and wall crown to the right, behind it an Amaltbeiahom.
Ä/. QEPMITAN IMEPAISiN an old man (Stesichoros) in a wrinkled coat that reached almost to the ankles* wrapped, standing in full figure (as chorodidaskalos), with one Roll in hand (the roll lies on an upright Knüttel), from which he seems to be speaking, according to the sign Cicero's statement (Yerr. accusat. 2, 35, 87: ^^statua Stesichori poetae senilis incurva cum libro**. M, Visc. 1, 199, UI, 7 cf. Imhoof in the “Berlin Papers for Coins, Seals and Coats of Arms” kunde" V (1870) p. 47, 7. (Illustrated Plate IV, No. 10)
Perhaps the portrait represents one or the other of the two famous statues of the poet at Kataoa or Himera.
112 L. Bdrchn«r:
This makes Visconti's ermathung very likely, that the Himeraeans had no outstanding private citizens except Stesichoros had.
According to chronology, the next poet is Arion Methymna on Lesbos (ca. 625-585).
The Methymnaeans (Aeolians) represented the dithyramb poet, who united early on through legends that circulated among the people received a certain magical aura, as follows:
Av. helmeted head of Pallas.
Rf, Muä&Y Arion half-dressed on a dolphin, in the R. the plectron in the L. the lyre Ae. 4 R^. Ms. 6, 56. Sestini descr. del mus. Fontan. part. II p. 43 pl. VII^ ptin, 58.
Av. Beardless head of Heracles with the lion's skin to the right.
R/. M^&Y Axion half dressed as above. M IVi collection. Imhoof. Newton travels in the Levant 1865 II, p. 19.
Av, laurel-wreathed head of Apollon n. r.
RF, MAQY Arion on a dolphin as above Ac. 5^R*, M. 3, 39.
Further M. 3, 40, N. 60 with the image of Eommodus and MHGYM (not MYGYM) now in Wich; then M. 3, 41, N. 65 under Geta in Paris and Munich. Shown Plate IV, No. 1.
It is known that there is such a thing on the Tänaron promontory Monument was erected (Hdt. 1, 24, Paus. 3, 25, 5, Ael. n. a. 12, 45) of which the image on the coin is perhaps just a likeness.
The coins of Brundisium (with Latin inscription) (M. 1, 34) offer a similar representation on the lapel namely one male unclothed figure on a dolphin, in the right a Nike, in the left a lyre, on others with an Amaltheiahom, a club, a Diota.
I think this representation goes against the usual (we- at least previously generally accepted) initial version is not for the Arions ; because Brundisium has absolutely no relation to the Arion say and then how would Arion get to the Nike, to the Amaltheia-
Greek coins. 113
hom, to the club etc.? I think the Brundisinian men soUeu imitate that of the neighboring Taras. For acceptance of a divine being (sea deity) also speaks eo ipso die Nudity of the figure riding the dolphin.
In the course of the treatise it will emerge that the treatment residents of the island of Lesbos at all their famous or deserved Fellow citizens preferred to depict them on their coins.
Next to Methymna it was especially Mytilene, which was in earlier times and later the coins with the images of the like personalities adorned.
One of the most famous lesbians to receive this honor, is Alkaeus (born 620):
Av.
Rf. AAKAIOC MYTIA bearded head of Alcaeus n. 1. Ae. 4, R. F. M. 3, 46 (and p. 6, p. 64, where the legend incorrectly spelled MYTI). Visc. 1, 87 HI (plate) 2 and 3 XI (panel) 2. Jahn Abh. d. royal Saxon company d. W. 8 p. 174, Vm (plate) 6. Shown on plate IV, nos. 2 and 3.
The coin has a remarkable history: first verifiably in the possession of Fulvius 'Ursinus', then in the collection Gotofredi in Rome, then in the collection of Queen Christine of Sweden, then property of Princess Odeschalchi, here- on Pins VI., it finally came into French possession as a unique piece imd is located in the bibliothfeque nationale.
From the transcription and style it seems quite late (in the end probably in Roman imperial times) to have been minted. In contrast to the calm face of Pittacus, the features of Alcaeo's passionate irritability and momentary excitement almost the mood of the fragment (Bergk. p. L g*, 20) measure, that is: ^vvv /(>ij ^te^vOx^Tjv xai tiva UQog ßiav nwvrjy, ineid^xax&avB MvQailog.^
The material is much more plentiful with the poet Sappho, born in Eresos on Lesbos (between 612 and 609).
114 L. Bfirchner:
The coins that have been preserved are particularly from a later period many that I had reservations about providing all the stamps because they usually differ from one another when it comes to essential things. are pretty similar.
According to Visconti (1, p. 90), Welcker wrote about the Sappho coins in the “Little Writings^ 2, 138 and Otto Jahn in the “Treatises of the phil.-historical class of the Royal Saxon Society of Sciences in Leipzig" 3, p. 720 - 724, Plate VIII 1-5, illustrations of individual coins given.
We have literary evidence from antiquity for the minting of the coins with the head of Sappho at Julies Polydeuces 9, p. 84c: Mwilrivaloi fiiv Sanq)ot vofiio^iaxi ivt- XaQOTtov*, one also uses what Aristotle rhetor said. 2, 33 about Sappho ' - although not too gallantly - says, with on the Minting of coins can be obtained from: Mvziltjvaioi TBTifiT^xaai San- (pw xalnBQ yvvaixa olaav.
The concerns about the Sappho coins, their Bernhardy in his Greek literary history 2* p. 601 mentioned, are of course no longer used in modern numismatics shared.
We have coins from My diene and Eresos; the niy Tilenean:
An electron coin that has the following on which the The legend is written, corresponds, without transcription:
Av. Female head (Sappho) r. the head in a wide net covered with earrings.
Rf. Lyra in a square indicated by 4 lines.
Electr. left R«, M. p. 6, 58 No. 37 WW. No. 5220 imcatal. Allier de Hauteroche pl. XIV 1. (Illustrated Plate IV, No. 4.)
It can be assumed that all coins from Mytilene, on which the women's heads are covered with hoods or Nets are marked, and the shield on the lapel wearing a toad lyre, which is to be assigned to Sappho. (M. 3, p. 43 fP.,
Greek coins. ]]5
No. 80-82, No. 85-86, p. 6, p. 60, No. 55-59, WVV. No. 5256 to 5261 sämmüich Ae.^ Gebüdet Plate IV, No. 5 and 6
Further with the inscription:
Ai\ '^ATl(q>)Cl (she); cf. poet. lyr. gr. ed.« Bergk. fr. 1, V..20.) Sappho's head marked in the features around the nose Moon, head covered with a hood. Rj\: MYTIAHNAIHN Tortoise Lyra Ae. 4. Borell numismatic cbronicle VII 1844/45, p. 54, plate Vm No. 1.
This coin is probably younger than the one listed previously Electron coin. On silver coins from Mytilene I have seen At least I didn't see Sappho's head. .
Other coin types according to Mionnet:
Only known through Sestini, therefore not definitely authentic:
Av. ZA^OY (she.) Head of Sappho.
Rj\ MYTI Lyra in the shape of a turtle and the two Monograms N and ^Ae. 3, R. 6, M. s. 6, 60.
Later, the one known only from Sestini is probably the same one hence suspicious coin:
Av. £A same head.
Rf. MYTIAH Lyre with 7 pages, Ae. 2., R. 6, Sestini descr. delle med. ans. del mus. Hederv. 2 add. 317, p. 150, No. 23; M. ibid.
The following coins fall into the later Eaier period:
Av. lOY nPOKAAN HPHIAA Head of Julia Procula n. r.
R/. Eni CTPA APOAAHN MYTI Sappho clothed sitting, turned to the right; The lyre rests on the left thigh with 4 strings; the right leg is set forward, the left Hand holds the lyre at the top, the right one approaches the pectrum strings. Visc. XXXVH 3.
Sappho is also seen sitting on a coin of Gallienus^ (M. 3, 60, No. 186).
1) A 0ioigermt88en similar female head can be found on the häbecheii Kapfennönzen clay Pyrrha anf Lesbos, probably borrowed from clay Mytilene
9
116 L BuTcliner:
Mionnet leads 1 3, p. 47, No. 109, 110, 112, 113 several more with other inscriptions. No. 112, shown on Plate IV, No. 8.
The following coin is in the Vienna Coin Cabinet:
Av. lOY nPO(KAAN ) Same head as above.
Rf. EniC(TPA . . . .)MYTI AHNAIHN Sappho standing on the right, holding the lyre placed on a column with both hands or on this playing M 7.^)
The depiction of the head of Sappho on coins is from Otto Jahn (vd. supra) with probability on the original been returned to a statue, of which only the head with the characteristic features, sometimes - but more rarely - also the whole habitus in the sitting position probably the original statue was imitated.
It is also well known that Sappho occasionally was depicted on Yasen, of course without any portraiture.
We also own a second town on the island Lesbos coins with the image of Sappho, namely from her Birthplace, Eresos, although from a fairly late period:
Ao. AY KAI KOMMOAOC laurel-crowned head of Com- mode with the peludamentum.
Rf. CANXl €P€CI Head of Sappho to the right, the hair in an ejiote tied backwards, the mouth and the eyes show languishing longing (%6 vyQOv), which is probably Yisconti of his time, in cohesion with the good or Bad jokes by Attic comedians, this portrayal definitely to refer to a court of the same name. Ae. 4, R*^, F*, M. 6, 54. Plehn, Lesbiacorum liber p. 177, Jahn YHI, 5, p. 724. Also shown in the catalog Allier de Hauteroche pl. XIY2, and Plate IV, No. 7.
Also from the imperial period is the following:
u4v. 2A4>4>n (she) Sappho sitting, with the pectrum in his right hand,
1) I am familiar with this stamp by your kind permission Dr. Imboof-Blnmers, like many others, received according to instructions. The good lady had also put the table together.
Greek names. 117
The left hand is propped on the lyre, which is resting on an armchair 2 rows of beads.
Rj\ blurred inscription (observed from the Viennese copy) complete, EPEZI [next to the Herm]) a bearded Hermes on one Prora or base, in the right a caduceus, in the left an amalthe maple. Ae 4, R*, M. 3, 46, No. 103. Sestini lett. 8, p. 71, royal coin cabinet in Berlin; a second copy has this Coin Cabinet in Vienna. Shown Plate IV, No. 9.
I don't have a depiction of Sappho on any silver coins seen.
The difference in the depiction of Sappho on the Mytilene and Eresian coins, especially the various ones Hairstyle is based on the different period and back then attributable to prevailing fashion.
The next poetic personality according to chronology us back near the Greek islands: the city Teos donated to their greatest citizen, the poet Anacreon; (flourished around 503) a monument on their coins:
Ac ANAKReriN THIö>N (she) the poet Anakieon naked standing, holding a lyre in his left hand
Rf. CTP BGPHKOYNAOY an unknown figure standing, Ae. 5, R. 7, Pembrock P. 2, M. 3, 261. Visc. J, 96; HI. 6.
Av. Head of Poseidon (not Asclepius - like Mionnet means - because the attributes are not correct and Teos is Asclepius- cult had no relationships, before that the trident around which a Dolphin squirms.
Rj\ CT Tl neiCHNe THIHN Anacreon with the PalUum sitting, facing right, playing the lyre. Ae. 5, R. 4, M. ib. Jahn Vm, 8, 1. 1.
Av. Head of Poseidon, as above. Ae. 6, R 4, M. s. 6, 381.
Same others at M. 3, 261. Rj\ CTP M neCHKH (she) THiaN Ae. 4, R. 4.
Ac. 1 ABEIN Head of Sabina with a mint mark.
9*
118 L* Barchner:
Rf, €IANX1N Anacreon sitting, playing the lyre, as Countermark a fly. Ae. 4, R. 5, Cabinet Coosin^ry.
Furthermore, under Domitianus (-^17^), illus. T^tlV, No. 11 Coins minted under Geta and Yalerianus the Younger at M. s. 6, 387.
A suggestion from Yisconti leads us from Teos to KiÜkien. The same suspects that on the coins of the city Soloi or Pompeiopolis depicted by the poet Aratus (ca. 270). be, a Yermathong, whose authorization has been checked with Yo'rsicht must be.
It is pictured in the Museum hunterianum t XLIII, 23; Yisconti describes them as follows:*
Av. 0KC (« year 229) bust of a bearded old man r. with a cloak covering the shoulders, the right hand on the beard, behind it the number symbols. Yisconti suspected behind this bust a representation of the (late) poet Aratos and compares thus Sidonias ApoUinaris 1. 9. ep. ed. Baret (Paris 1879) 8 : quod per gymnasia pingantur areopagitica vei prytaneam carva cervice Zeasippas (she) Aratus panda Zenon (she) fronte contracta.
Rf. nOMriHIOnOAeiTHN a covered, unbearded head with a coat on the shoulder to the right. (Chrysippos after Yer- Yisconti's suggestion).
Ae. 6}, R. 6. Specimens are in the British Museum and in the Museum of Basel. Shown on plate lY, nos. 12 and 13.
Yisconti's encouragement is supported by the fact that among the outstanding citizens of Soloi or Pompeiopolis Aratos and Chrysippos were probably the most famous in antiquity.
With Aratos the line of poets is exhausted.
Historians only consider two; the Yater of the historiography of Herodotos (484 - 424) and the late Theophanes from Mytilene.
The image of the former is shown on various coins of his Yater city of Halikamassos in Caria:
Av. AY PAIAN NOC KAIPCAP CG laurel Crowned head of Emperor Hadrianus n. r.
Greek mances. 119
RJ. AAIKA OAOTOC (she) uncovered bearded head
of Herodotus n.r. a coat on his shoulders. Ae. 5, R* bible nat. and British Mus. Shown on Plate IV, No. 14.
Av. AY KAI T AI ANTHNeiNOC Antoninus Pius without Laurel n. 1.
Rf. AAIKAPNACCenN HPOAOTOC Bust of Herodotus n.r. Ae. 6, R* Visc. 1, 309, XXVHa 5 and 6. .M. 6. 496.
Visconti owned a sulfur cast of this coin; her himself was first in Rome in the Eabinet of the prelate Cajetani, Brother of the Duke of Sermoneta. Visconti published them too first; he found similarity in the image of Herodotus on the coin- with the features that make up the face of a marble portrait bust wore.
At\ AY.K.M.ANT.rOPAIANOC Bust portrait of Gordianus IH. n.r.
Rj\ HPOAOTOC AAIKAPNACCeriN Herodotus' bust cf. Waddington revue numismatique 1851 t XUI^6 and collection Imhoof. Shown on Plate IV, No. 15.
The image of Theophanes, Pompey's confidant and historian of the deeds of the same (Strab. 11, p. 439, 503 etc.) show coins from his hometown Mytilene, the owed autonomy to his influence, (Strab. 13, p. f)17; Plut. Pomp. 42; Velleius Patercul. 2, 18.
But the coins appear to have been minted after his death to be, because they show &€oq)avT]g ^eog. It would be casual notes an interesting study in AUgemeipen indicate when a person's apotheosis occurs on coins through the Burial of the word ^«og began.
Tacitus reports (Annal. 6, 18): ^datum erat (Pompeiis Macris) crimini, quod Theophanes Mytilenaeum proavum eorum, Cn. Magnus inter intimes habuisset, quodque defuncto Theophani caelestes honores graeca adnlatio tribuerat.'
The coins:
Ao, eEOI eEOANHI MYTI uncovered head of the Theophanes.
120 !<• Barcbner:
RF APXEAAOC male uncovered head. Ae. 6, R. 8, mus. Theupol. 829, M. 3, 47.
Av. 0€OANH MY Head of Theophanes r. with pallium.
Rf. MYTIAHNAiaN. Artemis on a deer n. 1. Ae. 4, R. 8, Visc. 1, 323 XXVHa 8 cab. Allier de Hauteroche M. s. 6, 63.
Av, 0EO*ANHC GEOC MYTIA uncovered head of Theophanes.
Rf. APXEAAMIC 0€A veiled head of Archedamis ^femme suppos^e de Theophanes' - as Mionnet puts it - Ae. 6, R. 8, M. p. 6, 63. Shown on Plate IV, No. 16 and 17,
That's probably what's behind the Archedamis to look for Theophanes' wife; is from one of the Ice families They decided not, but the addition ^fia points to the next Relationship with Theophanes.
Yes, I would like to go even further because of that most likely Archedamis the wife of Theophanes is, the Archelaus in relation to Theophanes - for example as Son of Theophanes and Archedamis - bring, however one can object that Theophanes gave birth to his son (according to Strabo) named Markos PompeW in honor of Pompey.
With Theophanes the historians are finished; us We now deal with philosophers and scholars.
About the portraits of philosophers, Prof. Dr. Schuster a monograph: “About the preserved portraits the Greek philosophers^, 4 plates, Leipzig 1876, where the same also considers the coins.
In terms of time, the oldest of those we found on Mfinzen- Pittacus (651 - 569), one of the so-called seven wise men, and, if the question, at Bergk. p. 1. g^., p. 736 is not foisted, also a lyric poet. He was 10 years long Aesymnet of Mytilene, but the coin we quote is or rather have already mentioned, not to him, as he held this dignity, but in the Roman Ice Age embossed:
Greek mances. 121
Av. Rf. AAKAIOC MYTIA Head of Alkaeos. Ae. 4, R. 8, Visc. 1, 87, ni, 2 and 3, XI, 2, M. 3, 46 = suppl. 6, 64. Jahn p.724, ad not. 70. Unicum of the Biblical nat. Shown plate IV, no. 2.
The head of Pittacus shows calm dignity and wise demeanor. sunshine, which emerge all the more when we look at the head of the Compare Alkaeos, who really shows 'Sturm und Drang'.
It follows in chronological order Bias, son of Teutamos of Priene, contemporary of King Alyattes of Lydia and Croesus, also among the so-called seven wise men calculated:
The coins are from Priene:
Av. Bearded head with helmet to the right (from Visc. as Pallas interprets).
Rf. nPIHN€nN male figure, the Visc. and Mionnet as Bias, I believe, is rightly interpreted; his head is bearded and uncovered^ the body clothed with a long chiton, the left on a staff, behind him a tripod and some erased letters. (Mionnet says: 'AniOC\ Vicsc: 'BiriN') Ae. 4Vj, R. 8, cabinet MiUingen Visc. 1, 145, X, 3, M. p. 6, 298.
As for the tripod, that of Diogenes ven Laerte reported legend known. (Diogen. Laert. 1, 82.)
Av. BIAE bearded head of Bias r. with the pallium.
Rf. nPIHNGflN 'figure militaire?' (?) standing n. 1. with a Lance in the left hand, the right outstretched Fox 11, 82 Berlin collection cf. A. de Longp^rier revue numismatique 1869, p. 378/84. Shown on Plate IV, No. 18.
Pythagoras was very common on coins from Samos (born around 576, bloomed around 5S0) and are not rare those received. The wave auction catalog alone shows 5 of them in their local collection.
As far as I know, all of the coins are from the Roman period Imperial period.
122 L' Bfitchner:
•
Av. PCil KAI TPAIANOC CGB . laurel-crowned head of Traiamis n. r.
Ä/. nveAFOPHC CAMinN Pythagoras sitting nrit dem Pallium-clad n.l.> he touches a globe with his right hand, who lies on a pillar, in his left hand he holds a staff, Ae. IVs, R. 4, M. s. 6, 413, No. 186, Mionnet points out the same as Ae. 5 Vi after.
Pythagoras is depicted standing on a coin Commode:
A\). AYT AYP AN. KOMMOAOC Commodus to the right.
Ä/. CAMfflN Pythagoras with headband and pallium standing, holding a globe with a chopstick in his right hand touching, which lies on a square pillar. Ae. 8 Brera Milan. Shown on Plate IV, No. 19.
Sitting, however, he is depicted again on a coin also under Commodus:
Ao. PCi Yil\ ^ KOMMOAOC laurel-crowned head of Commodus n.r. with the paludamentum.
Ä/. nY0ArOPHC CAMinN Pythagoras sitting r. with the pallium, a globe with a stick that he holds in the Hand holding, touching. Ae. 8»/,, R. 3, M. 3,;285; WW. No, 5873, gives a copy on Ae. 8 on.
A very similar coin under Seyerus Alexander at W W. No. 5878.
Av. PCi KA CeYHPOC (she) laurel-crowned head of K. Alexander Severus r.
RJ, CAMItON (she) Pythagoras seated as above« Ae. 4^, R. 4.
Visc, who made this coin 1, p. 163 - 204 describes, gives XYU, 1 an illustration of this and states that Pythagoras leans on a staff and is unclothed.
Av laurel wreathed head of Emperor Antoninus
Bassianus Caracallus.
Rj\ Pythagoras sitting, measuring a globe with a compass. Ae. ü, R. 4, M. 3, 288, Gab. Cousin^ry.
Greek hones. 123
Av. ePeN CTPOYCKIAAA C€B Head of Herennia Etrus - cilla B. r. with a crescent moon.
Rf. nY0ArOPHC CAMinN Pythagoras sitting n. 1., with measuring the globe lying on a pillar with a stick, in his left hand a staff, Ae. 9, R^., M. 3, 300 WW. Ae. 8V", No. 5922, now in the Munzkabinet Vienna, a copy in the collection lung Imhoof. Shown on Plate IV, No. 20.
A copy with the Tranquillina at M. s. 6, 425, No. 254. Shown in the cabinet Aüier de Hauteroche pl. XVI, 16.
Under Gallienus M. s. 6, 431, No. 298.
Strangely — and probably due to a reading error Vaillants also exists from Nicaea in Bithynia a coin with Pythagoras:
Av. Head of Gallienus.
RF, NIKAIEflN nY0ArOPHC Pythagoras sitting, holding the globe touching with the right hand. Ae. 6, R. 4, M. s. 5, 163.
It is likely that Yaillant has an unclear IIHIAP XOC for HYBArOPHC read. That would be very noticeable the Nicaeans should have used the Ionian dialect; na- We find it more natural that the Nicaeans have theirs Hipparchus depicted on their coins. From anyone The claims of the Nicaeans on Pythagoras are absolutely nothing known.
On Ephesian coins we find the image of Phi- losophen Herakleitos (flourished ca. 504 - 450.)
Ai\ nO C£ rCTAC AY uncovered head Getas with the Paludamentum on the shoulder.
Rj. EECiaN HPAKAEITOC Herakleitos half-dressed with the pallium, standing, right hand raised, shining on something to show, he holds up a staff in his left hand. Ae. 5, R.5,M.8.G,166mus.T6chon and Imhoof. Shown Plate IV, No.21.
A coin under Maximinus:
Av. r. lOY. OYH. MAEIMINOC laurel-crowned head of Emperor Maximinus u. 1, in his hand a crucible of rays.
124 ^' Bärchner:
Rf. e€CinN HPAKAEITOC (she) Herakleitos bearded, standing, covered with a wide cloak, the right hand 2am Mouth raised, a club in the left (perhaps allusion on the name (Herakleitos). Ae. 6, R. 8, M. s. 6, 181, Yisc. 1, 298 XXVI, 4.
A third stamp can be found under PhiUppus the older:
Av. AYT.K.M.IOY.4>IAinnOC laurel-crowned head of Philip the Elder r. with paludamentum.
Rf. HPAKAGTOC (she) eeCinN Herakleitos bearded, standing, the lower part of the body is covered with a coat, the right one Hand raised and the left placed on a club (vide supra). Ae. 5V„ R. 8, M. s. 6, 188 and numismat. chronicle 4, 73.
The Clazomenians seem to the philosopher Anaxagoras (ca. 500-428), their compatriot, depicted on some of their coins to have asked:
Av, KAAZOMENH around one decorated with a tower Woman's head^ i.e. the personified city, or the city goddess.
RF, KAAZOMENIAN a bearded philosopher (Mionnet takes probably right on ^Anaxagoras') half-dressed, the left foot on a boulder, a globe in his left hand. Ae. 4, R. 4, M. 3, 69. — cf. M. s. 6, 91: Ae. 6, R. 4; furthermore:
Av. unbearded, diademed head.
Ä/. KAAZOMENIflN a philosopher (Anaxagoras). with the pallium, sits on a globe n. 1. turned, the right Hand raised, a scroll in the left. Ae. 6, R. 4, M. s. B, 91. Shown Plate IV, No. 22.
ibid: Av. Anaxagoras with the pallium on a globe.
Rf. KAAZOMENIXIN naked, slightly tilted forward Figure, the left hand resting on a staff, with the right using a compass to create a globe resting on a base measuring. Ae. 6, R. 4, M. s. 6, 91 (according to Sestini! therefore pre- to be viewed visually).
A representation that deviates from the previous ones is given by: Welzl catalog from Wellenheim (and Visconti).
Greek maocenes. 125
Av, ANAHA naked bearded bust of Anaxagoras r., the right hand raised to his mouth, behind it a twig.
Ä/. KAAZOMGNinN a rider to the right. Ae. 6, R. 6, Visc. 1, 161, XI, 4.
From imperial coins:
Av. A. AY. KOMOAOC (she) KAICAP unbearded head of the Emperor Commodus n. r.
Rj\ KAAZOMGNIflN Anaxagoras clothed with the pallium, standing, a globe in his hand, his left foot on one cippus supported. Ae 4, British Mus. Numbers Chron. 7, 63 Borell and Imhoof Collection. Shown on Plate IV, No. 23.
Since most types of Klazomenä show pictures that come with the portrayal of a philosopher, even if one is the most miserable Preservation assumes that cannot be confused is also Anaxagoras is shown here, since the Clazomenians also have no one Philosopher who could rival Anaxagoras in fame can, had.
That the globe was excellent to the philosopher Anaxagoras fits and that the coins that represent him with the globe are beyond any doubt, is obvious.
One could rather object to the depiction of his bust there is suspicion^) by easily detecting the remains of ANAHA could come from the name of this or that aesymnet, like e.g. B. in Kos you can find ANASANAPOY on a coin. VoU Only the most precise testing and comparison can ensure adequate safety of the original.
The Koer have their famous compatriot, the doctor Hippocrates (ca. 460 to 377) depicted on some of their coins asked:
Av, in . behind the head of Hippocrates to the right. ; in front of him Serpent staff.
Rf. KH-IHN Serpent Staff of Asclepius.
1) Analog((on i8t the biasbustc.
126 L- Bfirchser:
Ae. 3, Collect, Imhoof. The head is according to the gentleman Dr. Imhoof sure portrait. Shown plate IVj No. 24.
Av. in the bald, bearded head of the
Hippocrates n.r.
RF KfliaN snake stick. Ae. 2%,. R*, M. 3, 467, Visc. 1, 379, XXXII, 4 Bibl. national. Visconti confirmed by correct assurance of close inspection (which was carried out by the Gryps cast is true) 1, p. 384, note 3 u. p. 386^ that the obverse behaves as stated.
Furthermore:
Av. KXIIHN bearded head of Heracles r. with the club the Schujter.
Rf. Inno — KPATHC Hippocrates n.r. on a chair sitting. Ae. 6^2. Berlin Coin Cabinet.
Another doctor, the emperor's personal physician Xenophon Claudius, who achieved autonomy for his hometown of Kos (cf. Theophanes of Mytilene above) represents a Koian coin.
Av. HENO
R/. KHION Hygieia standing on the right, a queue to one feeding bowl. Ae. 4, R. 8, M. 3, 407, Visc. 1, 392, XXXIII, 1. bible nat. and Imhoof Collection. Shown on Plate IV, No. 25.
Further: Av: same as above.
Rf, KnXlN (she) Hygieia standing to the left in front of an altar, on which is a snake; in her right hand she holds the patera, in the left a branch. Collection Imhoof.
According to Visconti's conjecture, the Megarians represented their compatriots man, the philosopher Eucleides, (around 432) on their coins, a conjecture that we must take with utmost reserve:
Av. M€rAP€nN Head of Eucleides after Visconti, the Mionnet agrees. (Perhaps Kronos, however (Professor's view. Dr. Heydemanns), or Senate of Megara similar to Crete. Coins (Dr. Imhoofe’s view).
Rf, Artemis as (ffaqtpoqog^askagq^o^og^aekaaiOy as light,
'S
N
Oriechian coins. 127
and life-giving goddess with 2 torches in her hands, aprons walking to the right (cf. Müller Monuments II, No. 164). Ae. 7, K. 6, M. s. 3, 587, Visc. 1, 297, XXVI, 3.
On the M&Dze, whose obverse according to Visconti's assumption According to his hypothesis, Aratos is supposed to be Chrysippus (280-207) called o 2okevc (Strab. 13, 610, Athens 3, 89d. Paus. 1, 17 etc.) can be found pictured.
The coin is from Soloi or (later) Pompeiopolis.
Av. ©KC Bust of a bearded old man, (Aratos) r., the Head uncovered, shoulders covered with cloak.
Rj\ nOMDHIOnOAGITHN an uncovered, bearded head with a coat on his shoulders to the right, his thumb on his chin. A\)formed Plate IV, No. 13.
In this old man Visconti suspected that he was in solidarity Galen, protrept. c7 ed. Kühn: zig yoQ rj 2%ayuQWv loyog, ei ^lij dt' ^^QiazoTilrjv; Tig d'aV 26k(üv^ ei ftii^ di" Aqatov %b xat XQvainnov'^ the Chrysippos.
Ae. 6V„ R. 6, M. 3, 612, No. 353. Visc. 1, 121,.XXUIa No. 3.
Even if the concerns that Eckhel (D. N. 3, p. 69a) has raised against the coin, as is probably unfounded are, of course there are still small doubts about the identity of Chrysippos,' although it must be admitted that with the Herm presented parallel to Visconti, (Plate XXIUa 3) (villa Albani) the depiction on the coin, like the latter given by Visconti has at least some similarity.
Things are better with the illustrations of the philosopher and Astrologer Hipparchus (d. 125 BC) on coins from Nicaea in Bithynia.
Av. fA AYP EEY (she) AAEZANDPOE (she) aYT Alexander Severus in half-length portrait with paludamentum to the right.
Rj\ innAPXOC NIKAIEXIN long-bearded man half un- clothed (the lower half of his body is covered with a cloak dressed, as philosophers are often depicted in works of art be, cf. Herakleitos and Pytiiagoras), a ball in front of him a low pillar; the left supported on a cippus, so that
128 L* Bürchner:
his representation is similar to that of Pythagoras. Ae. (>, R. 6, Visc. 1, 302; XXVI 5; M. s. 5, 137; Mionnet has them in the The rest of the same coin is listed with 'NIKAI6I1N'.
Furthermore, the same depiction on a coin under Macrinus. M. s. 5, 131, No. 741, Mus. Theupol. now in the coin cabinet Vienna. Shown on Plate IV, No. 26.
Another:
Ao KAI. T. AIA. AAP. ANTHNINOC . CGB head of
Emperor Antoninus Pius with the paludamentum to the right.
Rf. innAPXOC NIKAIEHN Hipparchus bearded, covered with a wide coat, sitting on a base n. 1. turned, that Head uncovered, carrying a globe on the right Left supported on a base that serves as a seat.
Ae. eVs, R. 6, M. s. 5, p. 91.
Also under Commode:
Av. A. K. M. AY. KO. ANTHNeiNOC uncovered head of Commodus n.^r. with paludamentum.
Rf. innAPXOC NIKAIGHN Hipparchus half-dressed (with the pallium) sits on a cippus n. 1. turned, the right stretching out towards a globe lying on a column, the Left supported on a cippus. Ae. 7, R. 6, M. s. 5, 107, cab. Bronsted.
There is an otherwise identical one in the Imhoof collection Coin showing only the modification that Hipparchus owned the rights on his right knee, the left resting on the seat, one in front of him Column with the globe lies; However, the condition may be Mionnet's spelling is inaccurate and the stamp is the same.
Once again we are taken to Mytilene the illustrations of the philosopher Lesbonax, the father Pole mons on coins of this city:
Av. AeCBXlNAKTA +IA(OCO+ON) Head of Lesbonax bearded, with the pallium on his shoulder.
RF. eu\ . CTPA. LEPOlTA MYTIAHNAinN a bearded phi- losoph (probably Potamon, cf. next coin and No. 28), standing
Greek coins. 129
n.r. grazed, holding a roll in the right hand, in the left the clad pallium. Ae. 6, R. 8, M. s. 6, 64 Berlin; off- forms Plate IV, Nos. 27 and 28.
Another one after Sestini mus. herderv. II, pl. XVIII, 12, given coin is the following:
Av. AeCBnNAE (she) HPHC NGOC unbearded head of Lesbonax with the attributes of Bacchus Brisaeus, crowned with Ivy and vines, the chest covered with the pallium.
R/. MYTIAHNAIHN an old man wrapped in his cloak, in to Mionnet the orator Potamon, the philosopher's son Lesbonax, presumed; the same holds a role in the right hand, in on the left a staff. Ae. 7, R. 8, M. 3, 48, Sestini descr. 1, p. 319, Ms. 6, 64.
For me, among other things, for this compilation collected material, no other image of any speaker struck on a real coin. Thus, if Mionnet Presumably, this is the only representation known to date of a speaker on coins.
Mionnet's assumption is not exactly improbable. Potamon was a Mytilenean (Strab. 13, 617), the son of philosopher Lesbonax and famous; Seneca calls him (suas. p. 18) ^magnus declamator'; he was also held in high esteem in Rome Reputation with Tiberius. However, it seems strange seem that on the obverse the father as a teenager Bacchus, his son depicted as an old man on the reverse had been. This paradox only becomes apparent through idealization The first one is excused. Anyway, the coin is in the first one Imperial period, probably, however, if the assumption Mionnets is correct, only under or after Tiberius, as Potamon was already old.
So we have the personalities that appear in the literature and science have achieved something, and their fellow citizens are paying attention to them The coins are, we would like to say, imperishable and eternal who have set a testamentary monument are listed.
Before I say goodbye to this class of private individuals,
130 L. Brüchner:
I would like to be in front of a coin depicting Plato should, warn.
Mr. Dr. Imhoof I have my concerns about this one pronounced coin; he had the same goodness in the end casting and found that the piece was retouched and MYAA — TEN is changed to riAA—TIlN (in the Yatican Ez. Yisconti's).
£s still fall within the scope of the work those histo- rical pirates who are not known to be active in literature and science.
The earliest ones, according to chronology, are here to refer to the tyrannicides, who are closely supported by brothers and sisters' Harmodios and Aristogeiton around 510, who were through a politically important act has earned its fame, but not because of a series of political attacks on the political Personalities must be drawn, such as: B Lycurgos, on which several coins from Laconia are minted.
What we are dealing with here are illustrations that focus on... several Attic tetradrachms in pretty much unchanged form Repeat type as a symbol. The symbols of silver Coins from Athens were at the same time types for the Attisclie Bronze minting, so that the performance of these coins is even greater is more justified. The portraits of the two have been decided Replicas of the famous group of Eritios and Nesiotes; the coins themselves are:
Av. Head of Pallas to the right, with decorated helmet.
Rf. MENinP MOZXiaN £ule on a two-handled frame iass (diota) in the field the two (the youthfully blooming hard- Modiua rushes to attack, from his older friend Aristogeiton seeks to protect him) on the Diota A, below the same AFI M 8 R. 1, fo. Mionnet 2, p. 125, No. 144.
In addition to the one shown, there are also other led:
On the Diota B, below EP Hunter, A — H Payne Enight, E — AI Hunter, H — AI Fox, K — AI Hunter, K — IZI Ramus, A — To (A — AFI?) Paris A — HE british mus., M — ? acad^mie
Greek coins. 131
des sciences d' Amsterdam, M — AI Htmter, M — ZO; Bump monnaies d'Athenes p. 335. Raoul Rochette recognized in the Gladiators, as Mionnet still writes, the two tyrants murderer; cf. also Jahn's popular essays p. 209; verbeck History of Greek sculpture 1* p. 116, Fig. 13a. (cf. there- against: E. Curtius, Hermes 15, 146 and again: E. Petersen ibid. 476.)
According to the chronology, as far as chronology is concerned here The Mytilenean's presumed wife follows Theophanes, who was already known to us as a rhetorician, Archedamis. Coins with her image:
Av. eGOANHC eEOC MYTI . uncovered head of Theophanes (so M. 3, 48 must be corrected from p. 6, 63 No. 80.)
R/\ APX€AAMIC BGA Woman's suit with veil. Ae. ö'/., R. 8, M. 6, 63, No. 80, cab. Cousin^ry Visc. 1, 322 XXVHa 4. cabinet Allier de Hauteroche pl. XIV, Berlin and Imhoof Collection. Shown on Plate IV, No. 30.
A similar coin is listed at Mionnet.
Two other personalities, perhaps a husband again couple, apparently with Lesbos, or especially with Mytilene in Be- standing, as well as Nausicaa and Julia Procula, who are immediately follow bar, not known in detail.
However, the coin that the presumed spouses do not have together in a field is from Mytilene on Lesbos:
Ao, HPHA CEECTON uncovered bearded head of Sextus to the right, the shoulders covered with the paludamentum.
Bf. AA.NeiKOMAXIC MYTIAH Head of Flavia N(e)i- komachis n. r., koifflert like Faustina d. j. Ac. 6, R. 7, M. 6, 63 (ira recueil des planches in Mionnet LXXVI, 1 is that MYTIAH, which was left out of the text, correctly added.) Visc. 1, 432, XXVII 1, 5. Shown on Plate IV, Nos. 29 and 30.
The coin appears to have been minted around the time of Faustina to be.
Visconti allows himself a rather bold conjecture; he
believes that the famous doctor Sextus is behind this Sextus
10
132 L« Brüchner:
with the nickname ifiniQixog or ifineiQixog (approx. 175 - 205) and He builds a second conjecture on this conjecture by using Suidas Name of the nationality of the Sextus Empiricus ^iißvg in yiiaßiog seeks to change.
There are certainly concerns about the two conjectures here Place, although the home of Sextus Empiricus Africa is not seems to have been (cf. Pyrrhon. hypotyp. 1, 33) and he as Africans may have heard of his stay in Alexandria was drawn.
It would be possible, however, that, as we did with Theophanes close relations between Pompey, in whose family the The name Sextus is extremely common, and individual myths Lenäem have found, here too it is descendants of the Gn. Pompey Magnus himself, or to a freedman of the the same, or even to a descendant of Theophanes himself gave his son a nickname from his patron Pompey, have to think.
Furthermore:
The coin, which bears the image of the same person, is not specified who knew Nausicaa, is also from Mytilene:
Av. NAYCIKAAN HPHIAA Head of Nausicaa r.
RJ\eni . CTPA. lePOITA MYTIA Sappho sitting to the right, on playing the lyre. Ae. 4t% R. 1, F', M. 3, 47. Shown in Table IV, No. 31 and 8.
Furthermore:
Av. NAYCIK. . . The same head to the right
R/. MY—TI Lyra. Ae. 2, Imhoof Collection.
Regarding Julia Procula cf p. 115 u, 116, Plate IV, No. 32.
The coins that belong to the emperor's favorite are very numerous Hadrianus Antin oos coined in honor of several cities were; some of them are also in Levezow's monograph “About Antinous depicted in the art monuments of the ancient world” thums Berlin 1808^ published.
The mints, the coins with the image of Antinous shaped, are (cf . Cohen m^d. imp. 11, p. 276):
Greek mances. 133
Achaea, Elaadiopolis, (Bithynia),
Adramyttion, Korinthos,
Alexandreia, (Egypt), Kyme, (Aeolis),
Ankyra, (Galatian), Cyzicus,
Argos, Mytilene,
Arkadia, (Cret»), Nicomedia, (Bithynia),
Bithynieo, Nicopolis, (Epeiros),
Delphii, Philadelphia (Syria),
Eucarpia, (Phrygia), Sala,
Hadrianopolis, (Bithynia), Smyroa,
Hadrianotherä, (Mysia), Tarsos,
Calchedon, (Bithynia), Thyateira, (Lydia),
Eios, Tion.
It can't be our job to keep the stamps of these cities, which in any case do not deviate from merit, all of which are presented, although we include Antinous as a historical private person in our work - have to take. The representation of the individual types is changed 80 become shorter^ because all portraits, if they see him at once only as a youth, once as a hero, and finally as represent God or with the attributes of a god, but one- different, although very similar from different locations are and especially the characteristic peculiarities are reproduced almost in a stencil-like manner, like the broadly wrapped upper part of the skull, the high-set eyes, the flat eyelids, the strongly protruding thorax.
Antinous was depicted on the coins with the attributes Tributes to Hermes (Alexandreia), Dionysus (Klaudiopolis Bithjnuen), Tion and Adramyttion.
The most beautiful head of Antinous on coins is probably a coin from Smyma in front of my eyes:
Aü, ANTINOOC HPnC Head of Antinous to the left.
Rf. SHKE CMYPNAI (added from other copies (tloldfiußv) avi9f}xe ^fiVQvaioig Aries, in front of him the caduceus.
^
134 ^' Bürchner:
Levezow, p. 21, I, No. 3. Venuti mus. Alexandr. cardio. Alban. p. 29, XVI, No. 1 depicted with the bull in the R/\ of the voU- standigeD inscription Cohen m^dailles imperiales II pl. IX, 1.
The illustration plate IV. No. 33 is the bronze of the Bithynians taken from what Mionnet describes in T. II, 417, 45.
The other types can be ignored because the counting would be very boring and also useless by the specimens sieve extremely similar.
Now that the material has been completed as far as it could be, is constantly present, it is time to report on the results of the compilation to report.
The geography of coins, if we can put it that way, i.e. h. the Statistics of the places where coins were minted, according to geo- graphic arrangement, receives an interesting contribution.
It might be noticeable at first glance that... the approximately 29 mints where coins with portraits of private people were minted, 2 (3?) are in Europe, namely Himera (MegaraPj Corinth with the Achaean League^), all The rest, however, in Asia Minor, Greater Greece and the islands, and that among the latter Lesbos with Mytilene by coins on 11 different personalities.
The reason for this may be that the Greek Colonies in Asia Minor and on the islands through the lively trade Sweeping was caused to coin a lot and often, for what purpose needed a lot of stamps. There was also a certain complacency and self-confidence and a pronounced local patriotism, especially with the Aeolem, which, for example, is literary in Ephoros of Kyme expressed it most decisively. The same shows also among the Asian loners in the many cities, who put the historically understood Homeros on their coins. Also from these coins, like those mentioned in this essay The following applies to the listed items: (with the exception of the coins from starting with the Homeriuünzen) are all from a later period.
1) Research carried out in the archaeological field in this direction, could perhaps lead to similar results.
Greek Hansen. 135
These circumstances contribute to our coming out of these areas relatively so many coins with images of outstanding have outstanding personalities.
As far as the time of minting of the coins presented is concerned: With the exception of the Sappho coins, they are without inscription and the silver Arion coin all from a later period, with the exception of the aatonomeo coins from Klazomenä with Anaxagoras all from the time of Augustus and later, the youngest under Gallienus shaped
From a philological-historical point of view, above all to emphasize the fact already noted earlier, that the Greeks were probably alone among the others in civilizing Peoples of antiquity and modern times on such an extent also private individuals who have an excellent (including literary) That had earned a name for themselves, depicted on their coins* and, as should be particularly emphasized, Return coins, not medals.
The reason for this is that there is only one speaker on these coins was represented is that ancient Greece, (i.e. the Peninsula), which had the most actual speakers, extremely rare coins with the images of private individuals characterized by only Megara having a more than doubtful one Coin on Eucleides (which, however, probably represents Kronos or the Senate of Megara), and in Asia Minor only those who own speakers had their hometown.
A hypothesis enriches us with knowledge of the different Theophanes' presumed wife, Archedamis; as still un- determinable but probably related to Pompeia gens standing, are known through the coins Seztus and Nikomachis, except these Nausicaa, Julia Procula.
From an archaeological point of view there are three classes of to record and distinguish representations.
1. Portrait heads, which only have portrait-like facial features, <»the habitus of the person being portrayed, of course individually
J36 L. Bürchner: Greek coins.
«
understood and at least resting on a historical basis, for should express.
2. Portrait heads, which place the sitter on a higher level Raise the level of the ideal, which is then discussed further below games are mentioned.
3. Figures that represent the statue of an outstanding person represent personality and less for the purpose of honor should serve the person.
The first class is represented by: B. the sappho coins, which show the head of the poet, the second the coins of the reader bonax and those of Antinous who gave him the attributes of Hermes or Dionysus, the third, that of Stesichoros (possibly the famous statue of Katana or Himera).
Comparing the existing depictions on coins with the preserved busts and statues is of course of archeology.
In general, you won't stray far from the truth- if one claims that up to Alexandre's time There is no thought of portraiture at all, but that the die cutter, if we compose it ourselves never think, starting from the - I would like to say - land- common idea of facial features, e.g. B. the Sappho, supported by viewing still images and earlier ones Coins with images of the same people probably also have their features her poems, in part, constructed.
In later times, when portraiture was introduced through the Attic school representation was brought to great heights, probably also on the coins, conveyed by statues or busts portrait-like representation has taken place.
\
Index.
Page. Mr. d. Blackboard.
Alkaeos 113. 3
Anacreon 117 f. 11
Anaza^ras 124 f., 135. 22, 23
Antinous 132 ff., 136. 33
Aratos 118, 127. 12
Arion HO, 112, 136. 1
Archedamis 120, 131, 135. 17
Archelaus 120. —
AristogeitOD 130. —
Blas 121, 125 note 18
Chrysippus 127. 13
D&dalos HO. —
(Ellkleides?) 126 f., 135. —
Harmodl»8. 130, —
Herakleitos 123. 21
Hero HO. —
Herodotoa 118. 14, 15
Hipparchus 127. 26
Hippocrates 125. 24
HomeroB 109, 134. —
Ikaros HO. —
Leandros HO. —
Lesbonax 128 f., 136. 27
Naosikaa 131 f., 135. 31
Nikomacbis 131 f., 135. 30
Pittacus 113, 120 f. 2
Plato 130. —
Potamon 129. 28
Procula Julia 115 f, 131 f., 135. 32
Pythagoras 121 ff. 19, 20
Sappho 113 ff. 4-9
Be tos 131 f., 135. 29
Steaichoros 111 f., 136. 10
Theopbanes 118 f., 131. 16
Xenophon (Cous.) .... 126. 25
Munich. Ludwig office liner.
A
Contributions to ancient coinage and antiquity.
Apollo with ointment vessel and laurel branch.
Bronze figure from Naxos and coins from Sinope.
About two years ago the Berlin museum acquired one beautiful archaic bronze figure of Apollo, found on 'the Naxos Island, with the hexameter on the base:
Jeivayoitr^g fit äiS-rjrjxav €xi]ß6k(i} ^uinoklwvi along with another some unexplained letters. An in-depth meeting and Fraenkel gives a precise illustration of the figure and inscription in the archaeological newspaper from 1879 (XXXVII, p. 84 f.) and explained the round object that the god has in his right hand carries, for an ointment vessel, while E. Curtius is more inclined, in it to recognize a pomegranate (see archaeological newspaper 1. c. p. 88 Note 8. — Guide to the Royal Empire. Museums (2nd ed.) p. 193); In Fraenkel's opinion, the figure on the left holds out numerous depictions of Apollo of Canachus and his descendants imitations and especially through the epithet of God in Arch secured with the dedicatory inscription exrjßoXog. A coin representation, previously completely unknown, is essential for the interpretation of the bute of our bronze figure is important (see p. 139).
The small figure depicted next to the bronze — of one large silver coin from Sinope^) - shows us one of the Naxians
1) Formerly with Mr Lambros, now I hear from Mr Waddiogton
Contributed to the zar ancient Hänz- and AII«rthuniskuDde. l^g
very similar apoUo figure and secures the interpretation of the nmdea Attribute of the bronze: it is a vessel that holds the figure
of the coin, different from the bronze, but the meaning of the (Putting JegenKtandes beyond doubt, hanging on his arm; whether the BroDze figure in the other hand really has the bow, right analogous to the one MQnze wore a laurel branch, I don't want to be disappointed divorce. In Apollo of Canachus the bow is that of the Attribute of the other hand, the deer, corresponding counterpart stood. In the bronze from Naxus, e» is just the epithet of God, exijßöXos, which suggests the bow. If but we can follow the rule of deakmal comparison We probably just use the kKTjßöiog as a decorative epithet. and, analogous to the figurine on the coin, a laurel branch as the second attribute of Apollo of Naxus.
Bronze figure of Apollo mK Sdilangenitab. There is a beautifully crafted one in the Karlüruher Museum Bronze figurine, shown here in smaller size, which is because of the no longer present attribute') in the right hand
u^kkoft. On the top side is the head of the Sudt - Tyebe. someone wants to live Pnhlication of the details of the strange Unicnini is not provided in advance. — The Häou is not external, it only exists in the Apollo dl' reproduction. clrnng of a “terrible figure.”
1< The ring on the little finger of the left hand is strange. — The
140 A. from Sdlet.
can be interpreted with certainty"; in the photographic book Publication by the Karlsruhe Alterthfimer she is called “Athlete”. One err, slightly larger, also very nice figure in the Bonn Museum.
I believe it is possible through some coins to get this fi- To interpret guren correctly: it is the youthful Apollo with that Serpent staff, or—which is probably less likely, Jei juvenile Asclepius:
Here we see exactly this figure of the god with a serpent staff or at least Cs is completely in the same position as the bronze figure; that Lost attribute is secured by the coins on the left The large coin shown is a beautiful bronze medallion of M. Aureliua (Caesar), under No. 1066 in “the Berlin Coin Cabinet”, described by Friedlaender and Sallet, 2nd Au6.; that the Caesar himself is meant by the figure of Apollo or Aesculapius, is likely, but not certain. The smaller coin with A similar figure was created under Caracalla in Serdica in Thrace. shapes. — Very similar, only with a light robe over it The figure is found armless, next to a tree and a Cippus, on which stands a thymiatenon (?), (see Evans in
'ieitjaotb the figure could be BUftasteiach just like the one in Bonn. Perhaps “in portrait is loving
Active mr &ntiken USoz- nnd AitertbamBkund?. 141
Numism. Chron. N. S. VII, [t. 1); the same figure, with the mant! above the left shoulder and the arm, the shoulder strap as holding the rest, is finally dea on a small medallion Hadrian in the British Museum (Grueber Cataloge of Roman Me- daillons p. 4, No. 6, Madden in Numism. Chron. N. S. I, 97) with grouped with a female figure; right next to it is written on one Cippus a small figure of a god, it seems, Apollo with that bow. The female figure is everywhere called Salus or Hygiea called; the youth with the serpent's staff, now Apollo'), now Aesculapius. The name of the female figure is probably certain not, nor the naming of the whole series of those male, young people with the snake rod still have to go between Apollo and Aesculapius waver; but the addition of the attribute the Brnnzeügui'cn as a serpent's staff seems certain to me.
Aphrodite of Kythera
niterthü ml icher Broiizekopf of the Berlin Museum. The Antiquarium of the Berlin Museum has had a few
•luhrcn a beautiful, very ancient bronze head, youthful, the eyes of ivory, the lost eye stars anyway
1) Au<'h Antinoui all Apollo
142 A. from Sallet:
formerly precious stones or precious metal, with the one shown in the picture Visible rich, very cleanly chiselled hairstyle to ensure that Hair a diadem-like ring, with knot-like elevations^ probably to be thought of as a metal jewelry. The location of the head is pretty certain: it is the island of Kythera, which is right next door. was initially stated as the location by the seller; R. Weil, who visited the island several years ago, heard on site and About the recent discovery and the sale of it Tell the head and has a note related to it in his Written down in a diary. The Kythera site is more than that than likely, at least much more certain than usual Find information about antiquities.
Brunn wrote in the archaeological newspaper (volume XXXIV, 1876, p. 20 fif.) discussed the Berlin head and considers it to be one made in the Peloponnese, probably not in Kythera itself Young man's head.
As far as the place of manufacture is concerned, recently artistically very beautiful copper coins from Kythera to the a very barbaric kind was added here^), i.e. one good technology in metal work was available on the island. But when it comes to the meaning of the head, you have to say something which hasn't happened yet, the heads are dressed in exactly the same way some ancient Greek coins are used to explain draw: the Berlin head is similar in all details, the hairstyle, of jewelry and also of expression and the art period exactly the head of Aphrodite from Cnidos; exactly the kind of tying up the hair, exactly the diadem-like jewelry (a metal hoop); The Berliner is also missing his earrings Head not at all proving his masculinity: also at Aphrodite in Cnidos is often missing her earrings (see illustration). Although it should not be denied that this hairstyle in... in ancient times occurs equally in young men and girls,
1) Purchased from Berliner MÜDZcalunel by Mr. Laiuhros.
Contribution to ancient coinage and antiquity. 143
albeit also on the head of Aphrodite of Enidos quite similar to that of a goddess that has not yet been interpreted with certainty found on coins of the Arcadians, I believe that in the previous In this case, the coincidence of so many circumstances is taken into account Worth seeing: the Berlin head is found in Kythera found, so it is probably the head of someone in the temple in Kythera posed figure; a head that is completely identical in every detail based on countless, same archaic art periods Hearing silver coins from Cnidus, and secures Aphrodite - so it is not at all unlikely that we will also be in the Berlin head of Kythera to recognize Aphrodite have. ^)
Value designations on copper coins from Metapontum.
In the second volume of the Journal for Numismatics (p. 368) I have two copper coins from Metapontum with denominations described. Now we have Mr. P. Lambros a third Coin of the kind that raises any doubts the interpretation of what I consider to be value designations Inscription removed. I give description and illustration here the small, strange series, which with the well-known, copper pieces designated by their inscription as obolen City begins:
1) It is considered as proof of the maleness of the Berlin head that the curls do not fall any further down the ear, as is the case with so many females archaic heads is also the case, more or less with Knidos. I have but this rule has not been confirmed by the coins: many ancient ones Coins from Athens show the locks of Pallas like the Berlin bronze head; almost exactly the same as Hera on coins from Heraea. The head begged against this of Apollo sometimes and the head of Hermes very often that for female held deep descent of the curls on archaic coins by Leontini, Colophon and Aenus. The ancient Apollo head from Phocis is exactly the same the heads of Cnidos and Arcadia; the curls almost always go far off. — That the curls that go down low on the ear are more common in women male heads than are generally found in male heads Strange short curls on the ear, but that's correct.
144
A. from Sallet:
1st Hf, Hermes standing 1st, in the left the Cadaceus, shouldered, holding the right hand over a thymiaterion. Rf. 0B0A02 Aehr. M. A^^ 8,424 grams. More beautiful Style around 400 BC BC (Catal. Brit. Mus. Ital. p. 259).
2nd Hf. ME Female head right. with wreath of wheat.
Rf, 0B0A02 Aehr. Poppy head in the field. iE. 4 (1- c.) , 8.229 grams.
3. Female head right, behind it a round one Stamp: grain and TE. R/. META Aehre.
EVER. 4. Very nice, no longer old style. 3.68 grams. The beautiful light green patima is partially crumbled.
4. META tripod.
Rß 3 T cereal grain. — So the RJ. the stamping from No. 3 the same. EVER. 2. 2.51 grams.
5. M. Tripod.
Rf. HE (or HH), depending on how you spin the coin.
grain com. iE. ly,. 1.67 grams.
So we have coins that are definitely just meta-
pont can belong, the city inscription and also the usual ones
Types of this city bear ^), next to the city name the value
1) The following forms of Metapontine copper munien are similar:
Contributions to ancient Manz and antiquity studies. 145
designations ^Oßolog, TE and HE. Whether the TE now, what Yes, at first it is obvious, TezaQxri^cQioVy the HE rf/niTetaQtTj" (.loQiov means is difficult to decide. The weight would then if you compare numbers 4 and 5 alone, they are approximately correct. The weight of No. 3 is worthless because it is only due to later ones A stamp is marked as TE raQTafioQiov and also also lost heavily due to oxidation and crumbling. In any case, it is certain that Metaponto existed in fairly ancient times, around 400 and a little later, denominations of the obol and two parts placed on the coins, eiues through TE than with the Number 4 contiguously denotes the other HE, so something a half piece.
The coins of Byzantium.
The T\ie\*ßaoiXiug among officials from Roman times.
Gods as officials of the Greek cities.
The official names of the city were Byzantium, later Roman Time, some offer peculiarities that do not otherwise occur. This is the title HP, which has not yet been explained with complete certainty EckheF's view D. N. V. (II, 31) iJQef^ivog^ also the frequent Appearance of the emperors themselves as officials, the frequent appearance a woman next to the highest official: e.g. E.g. EFII M. AYP • *PONTnNOZ KAI AIA.
Under Severus Alexander we find the following inscription (in different shapes, with monograms of H and P in the name)
BYZANTinNEill BAE . AIMI EEYHPOY also, as noted, hni Alf^i . 2bovriQO\*^ without the ßcio» This abbreviation BAE cannot be a name, there is no red
Female head right. Rf. ME Cereal Grain. iE. 2. Flowing pigeon r. Bf. ME Grain Comm. /E. 1. Tripod, danebeu grain. RF, META Aehre. iE. 2^.
146 A. Yon Sallet:
mix first name D, which begins with Bas...., and a red Of course, Aemilias Severus must have had a mixed condition have. I think the only possible addition is ßaailiwg^ The title ßaailsvg is not used by officials of Greek cities All too rarely, as evidence shows, in Olbia (C. J. G. 2069) alongside other officials in a Roman inscription Time called a ßaotXevg, after the conjecture of C. J. G. a “sacrificulus rex^. In Samothrace, also not too far from Byzantium, the ruling official is called ßaailevc, like that Inscriptions and the message of Livy teach. (C.J.G. 2157 u. 2158 Liv. XLY, 5). In Miletus enters in Roman times Menandros among a large number of other titles: ngo- q>ijt7]g xai y^xwTaQXfjS^, aywvo&hrjg etc., also one ßaoiUvg. (C.J.G. 2881)
In Cyzicus (C. J. G. 3663) we find a whole series of Officials with this title: ü. Kl(avdiog^ ^EnixTr/zog ßaai(Jievg) M. Baißiog Aixovavog ModeoTog ßaaiQlevg) etc.
Finally - and this seems to me to be important for the interpretation of the coins of Byzantium proving: in the immediate vicinity, in which Chalcedony, which was always associated with Byzantium (see e.g. Homonoia Coins Cat. Brit. Mus. Thrace p. 107, Eckhel II, 27) we find the row of officials of an inscription (before the imperial period according to G. J. G. (No. -3794, II, p. 973) with the ßa- ailevg starting. Then follows the hieromnemon (also in Byzantium official appearing under L. Verus, see Eckhel 11, 31), the Prophet, the Nomophylaces, etc. So I believe that my addition of the official title BAL on the ice coins of Byzantium in ßaaili(og cannot be doubted. Whether this Byzantine ßaalevg now, like the Athenian arch Basileus, had a religious or a purely political position difficult to decide, especially since there are other people besides him official titles with ini appear in Byzantium: the archon and the HP
Contributions to ancient coinage and antiquity. 147
The strangest phenomenon, however, is the return pages of the following, so far completely lost in their true meaning. known coins from Byzantium.
M. 6. BYZAZ Helmeted Head CHI AHMHTPOC.TO.B Shield of Byzas, r. Beak.
(London, Cat. Brit. Mus. — Paris. Copy to me present.)
IE. 7. ANNIA AVCTEINA CE BYZANTIa^e^I AIONYCOY BA Head of Faustina TOr Two fish. Jon. (M. Anrelii) r.
(London, Gatal. Br. M.)
iE. 6. M AVPHAIOC . KAICAP BYZANTiaN EOI AIONYCOY Head of M. Aurel, as TO T ship's forepart. C&sar.
(Mus. Theap. Eckhel II p. 28. Mionn. S. II, 249, No. 2660.
M. 6. Likewise. BYZANTIXIN Eni AIONY-
COY TO • < Mus. Sandern. Nnm. 11, p. 243, Act XXII, 171.
iE. 6. AVT NEP TPAIANOC NEIKHC TO A BYZANTINE KAICAP CB TEAKI (the forepart of the ship. ending not quite clear- lich.) Bust portrait with Wreath 1.
Berlin. Similar, didn't read quite right, Mionnet P. n, 247, No. 253.
iE. 5. Similar head right. On- Same inscription, star in Traian's writing. Crescent.
Mionnet S. U, N. 254, 255, not read quite correctly.
1) The alleged JlONyCOY lof Münien Oordians III. v 11 148 A. Yon Sallet: iE. 4. AehnUcherEofundUm- EHINEIKHC TO A.BYZ ANTIN Trajan's writing. Winged Gaducens. Catal. Rollin and Feuardent p. 150. M. 6^. AehnHcher head and on-EDI. NEIKH2 . TOA. BYZAN Traian's writing. TIXIN helmet. iE. 9-10. Header and legend Eni.NeiKHC . TO . Z BYZAN of Macrinus. TIHN Standing Nike. Mionnet S. ü, 353-55. Eckhel 11, p. 28. — The Le- SQDgen N6IKHTOY, NGKHTOY are wrong, it always says NeiKHC. TO . Z. S. Eckhel L c iE. 5. Head and Dmschrifi; of the EHI NE TO Z BYZANTIHN Diadumenian. Dolphin. lei. 5. Same, but ship on the back side. iE. 5. M. AYPHAIOC KAICAP Bi'CANTIXlN eni TYXHCnO Head of Caesar r. Forepart of the ship. Mus. Sandern. Numism. II, p. 243, plate XXII, 172. iE. ef ANN.*AVCT€INA.CE. eVTYXHC.nOA€nC. BYZAN BACTH. Head of Fau-TIHN dolphin between two stina M. Aurelii r. Fishing. Mionnet S. ü, 250, No. 277. M. 7. AVTKM AYP.ANTXIN- €ni c|>AVCTINHC.BYZAN. eiNOC bust portrait of M. TIHN basket with grains. Aurel. r. Brit. Mus. iE. 9. AVT. K. AIA. AVPH. EOI. GEAC. c|>AVCTEINHC .
OYPOC Head of L. BYZANTIHN Two fish
Verus r. reusen. Mionnet pp. 251, 283.
^. 6i. ON . AOVKIAAA CE- Eni.eEAC.c|>AVCTINnc.BY- BACTH head of Lucilla. ZANTIHN dolphin between
two fish. Vienna. Eckhel Catal. mus. Caes., then Mionnet S. II, p. 252.
Contributions to ancient coinage and antiquity. 149
EVER. 8. AVT.K. AOYKIOC KO- EOI c|>AVCTINHC BYZAN- MOAOC Head of Com-TIHN Helmet, modas, unbearded, as Caesar, r.
Mioxmet S. II, p. 253.
So we have the following secure official inscriptions Backs:
Eni AHMHTPOC . TO . B (autonomous, but from Roman times)
Eni. AIONYCOY . TO. r (under M. Aurel as Caesar.)
TO. Eni. NEIKHC . TO . A (under Traian.) Eni. NeiKHC. TO . Z (under Maciinus.) Em. TYXHC . no (under M. Aurel as Caesar.) Eni.eEAC . These are therefore completely undoubted. God's amen, that comes through the superior ent just like the countless other names on coins from Byzantium: Aurelius Fronto, Ponticus, Aelia Festa, Aelius Capitolinus etc. were referred to as city officials become. Undoubtedly, first of all, Demeter, Dionysus, Nike? Diva Faustina. The kni Tvxrjg no, on the coin of M. Aurelius strangely makes the learned Sanclemente (Mus. Sandern, numism. U, 243) enormous difficulties. It's na- Of course, again a deity: the city of -Tyche, inl Tvx^jS noXswg. Accordingly, the alleged CY- TYXHC . nOACnC on the coin of Faustina junior: £Tl TYXHC nOAenC to read. It is not true that the gods act as officials of the cities completely without precedent: this appears in an Attic inscription, which The list of prytans gives the first prytan the Jloltäg l/ix^f/va (C. J.G. 189). — On the coins of Pergamum appears until the head of the mythical founder of Pergamum, the nePFAMOC KTICTHC: have other coins from Peqfamum now next to the head of Pallas or Zeus or Ace
150 A. Yon Sallet:
klepios^) the magistrate's name Eni IlEPrAMOY. However, will the name niQyafjtog aach is mentioned more often as a personal name, so that there is no compelling reason to see the god in this know.
But for Byzantium there is no doubt that the gods themselves are thought of as leading officials of the city and that they - at least according to certain rules - their office for the second time, third, even seventh time. This is what Nike is like under Traian for the fourth time, under Macrinus for the seventh time an official of the City and the concerns about an alleged seventh victory of the ephemeral Macrin, which Eckhel expresses (II, p. 28). Of course, with the correct understanding of the NEIKHC. TO . Z continued It is striking that Dionysus under M. Aurelius (Caesar) became would have been city regent for the third time and for the sixth time: TO . r and TO. < (Sanclemente). There is one here after all Reading of the very careful Sanclemente? Anyway If Dionysus were to advance so quickly, one might wish no matter how happy they felt under his reign, from three to six terms of office, under Caesarism of M. Aurel (140 - 161 AD, in this year he was Au- gustus) very striking, as Nike under Traian for the fourth time and only under Macrinus, about a hundred years later, for the seventh once held the office of regent of Byzantium.
On the character of the office which the gods in By- Zanz managed, nothing definite can be said. This The most likely thing is that the Regency, or at least that- the office that gave the authority to start his name with ini to put on the coins, from time to time of the priesthood a deity, or the chief priest, or - as is so often the case Women's names appear on coins of Byzantium - the top priestess of this deity') and that this gor- porations: the priests of Demeter, Dionysus, Nike,
1) Hioimet II, p. 589 or 591.
2) In inscriptions from the imperial period we find a wandering title of a
_ V
Contributions to ancient coinage and antiquity.
151
the Tyche of the city^ the Diva Faustina, these in turn The administration of the deities was iterated.
The supposedly Attic tetradrachms of Maronea.
The most common and ugliest types of coins of antiquity are the large silver pieces of Thasus with the head of Dionysus and standing Heracles and the almost in style and representation completely consistent with the neighboring Maronea Dionysus head and standing Dionysus. These for each other alternating similar ones from a later period, apparently the same early silver pieces from two states that are very close to each other were, judging by their large quantity, at least one The main means of transport in antiquity and is used everywhere Attic tetradrachms are not considered different from the ordinary ones The weight of the Attic tetra- drachmas of later times.
Whether this information is correct can be seen in the following weight table prove, in which I only use very well-preserved pieces of the I used the given character:
Thasos.
Oramm.
Very good, not quite yoll-
come. Medium Style 16^
Gnt received, medium. Style 16.81 Almost a fleur de coin. Roher
Style 16.8
Very well preserved, good style 16.8
Gat received, raw ... . 16.76
Well preserved, raw... 16.72
Very nice, good style. . . 16.6
Very good, raw 16.52
Maronea.
QrmmS.
Excellently preserved, raw, but the rf. from unfortunately- lich style 16.5
Very good, raw style. . . 16.49 Very nice, raw style. . . 16.22 Good, reasonable style. . . 16.15 Excellent condition, Gunter
Style 15.64
Very good, pretty raw. . 15.45 Good, raw style.... 14.9 Very good Very raw style 14.75
This table, which, by the way, is due to the large quantity of the poorly preserved pieces that I weighed
Priestess of Demeter and High Priestess of the Emperor etc.: * Bat Ca Sia ßCov red; notyov ituy *AQxad(ov, — A ' Eaila noXnüi also in Sparta on inscriptions the imperial era. (Kind communication R. Wells.)
152 A. Ton Sallet:
is confirmed in their results, now teaches with certainty that In Thasas the Attic barrel was kept strictly in check but in Maronea there are only very few examples of the correct one attic weight and in a relatively short time Time (because all this ugly imprint of Thasos and Ma- Judging by the style, ronea certainly didn't last long long) the originally Attic tetradrachm is rapidly reduced; It is not a sudden change in the coin base, but a gradually reducing the weight in such a way that the “Attic tetradrachm^ ultimately weighs exactly that in Thrace and Macedonia were so widespread in ancient times resembles large pieces of silver, which are considered to be from “Asia Minor Foot^ embossed, inscribed (see Abdera, Acanthus, Amphipolis, Philipp IL etc. w, Brandis, Münz- etc. Wesen, p. 517 fl.) Ob this in Maronea is an intentional, conscious retreat from Attic foot to Asia Minor cannot be deduced. divorce. But it is incomprehensible for the layman in commercial political things, like Thasians and Maronites with each other have made and how the incredible confusion, which through the external equality and yölig weight- difference between the series of Thasos and that of Maronea necessary to be produced, clarified and verified was avoided. The relationship between the Thasian and the Maro Nitic tetradrachm was ultimately about: 3 marks to 2 marks 60 Pfg. ! -- The metal is in both Thasus and Maronea good and not like the late Syrian and others. Tetradrachms alloyed. — The weight ratios of the tetradrachms of Ma- ronea are again proof of how mysterious many more trological points are, and how impossible it is often to The conditions of the Greek cities were subject to very fixed laws banish.
The insignia on the coins of Philip II of Macedon.
L. Müller's efforts are so important and grateful
Contributions to the tsar's ancient history and antiquity. 153
are, the mints of Philip 11 and Alexander the Great It is necessary to determine according to the small symbols the greatest caution. That the epithets are by no means always the name of the mint, but sometimes entirely undoubtedly geographically completely meaningless mint master or The following observation proves that they are emission stamps: the embossed At Philippi, Muller shares the gold (because of the tripod) Staters to Philipps with the following character, which I use after the two different copies of the Egl. Museum describes:
1. Apollo head right.
Rl, 4>IAinnOY two-horse team r. among the horses three- foot and K (MuUer, PhU. N, No. 88, Philippi) N Stater.
2. Same from the same stamp.
/?/. Likewise, K above, tripod below. N. Stater.
So these coins should be in because of the tripod of the /?/• Philippi. But now I have a gold stater of King Philip was found, whose head of Apollo was made from the same Stamp is embossed, like the two described, from Berlin Collection (it is a classic beauty that is very different Philip's distinguishing head from most other staters). The back of this stater, its head with the described is from the same stamp, but does not have the K the tripod, but, under the horses, a broad cap with ribbons, as is otherwise known from didrachms, which Müller (Philipp Plate XXVI, No. 233, the first additional mark) as an “undetermined place of minting”.
If you don't want to make the absurd claim, that one minted city of the other (i.e. Philippi, which was still “un- certain^) the stamp on the head page is transferred for use- sent, one learns from this observation that both varieties of staters, those with the tripod and K and those with the Cap with K, struck in the same mint are, so in this case the symbol is not a city coat of arms can be, otherwise it wouldn't come out of a tripod
154 A. DEATH Sillat:
Can be made into a hat or wrapped around it. Whether the K is the embossed City or something else, of course, cannot be deduced. divorce. So the definition “Philippi” applies to these staters; They like, judging by their beautiful factory, for example in the Gregend of Olynthus, or in this city itself, the pr^ort of the magnificent Coins of the Cbalkid band, to be struck; the symbols but are designations of the issue or the mint master, the formative official, or something so subordinate.
Phartanzei, KSnig dea Boiponn
BACIAewC *APCANZOY N* (year 550 of the Bosporan era
Bust of the king with ^ 253 AD) Eopf of the Roman
Diadem r. Emperor with wreath r. before *. Pot 4.
Petersburg. Shown after galvanic precipitation.
Likewise, but with AN4> Koehne Mus. Kotschonbey p. 351 and
Berlin Museum.
This is correct and completely on several copies clear reading of the rare coins of this king, which has been incorrectly called "Phareanses" everywhere. It's called "Phar- sanzes", a name reminiscent of those well known from his coins King Pharzoios or Pharsoios (the latter Lesong: Blue, three more Gold coins of the Pharzoios, Vienna Numismat Magazine. VIII, p. 240) from Olbiopolis. The one suggested by Koehne Derivation of the alleged "Pharean" from the Persian The words “feraän” thus fall apart, as is the assumption that this one King and a number of others belonged to a "foreign" dynasty, not to prove, on the contrary, the similarity indicates that Called Pbareanzee with the dynast of Olbia, the king
Contribution to ancient coinage and antiquity. 155
Pharzoios, on one in those areas: Bosphorus, Crimea, Olbio- polis^ native, certainly not Persian ruler. The Eaiserkopf is most likely Valerian.')
Some comments on the coins of the SJcythian kings.
Koehne has the relevant section in the Mus^ Eotchonbey (I, 21 £P.) in addition, an interesting essay about the sparse A series of Scythian royal coins in the Berlin papers for coins etc. (II, 129), to which I gave some notes would like to add. There will be a number of eupfer coins there Baailiiog Kavizov described:
1. Head of Demeter and Apollo r. Rj\ BAZIAEnS KANITOY. Two ears below BAK. M5.
2. Apollo head right. RJ\ Same inscription. Tripod. M3.
3. Hermes head right. RF BA2I KANI Caduceus. M2.
The similarity with coins from Olbia and in particular the exact match of coin number 3 to something larger of the well-known Scythian king Skiluros (Eoehne 1st c. p. 138 with illustration): Hermes head r. Rf, BAZIAE 2KIAOYPOY Ca- duceus. M 3^ made the allocation of the coins of this Ea- nites to a Scythian who ruled not too far from Olbia Yes, more than likely; maybe we even have his or at least a very similar name as “Scythian king^ on an inscription from Yarna, so not far Guaranteed by Olbia.^) An unnamed city - according to reports courage of C. J. G. Odessus on the Black Sea - be- concludes, a certain Hermeios, who during his stay been useful to the Scythian king “.xay/ra^ of the city, that Hospitality law etc. grant:
ineidfi ^EQfmlog 'AjQxXriniodiJuQov ^Ayctoxiog öiatQlßcjv na^a ßaaiXdl 2xv^(t)v . xavitif. . evvovv etc.
1) Koehne, M^m. de St. Petersbourg I, p. 289, where aach a counterfeit coin with the alleged inscription ßaaiX(a»i *ji^tdvaov is eliminated.*
2) C. .1. Q. II, No. 2056.
156 A. Ton Sallet:
The passage containing the name of the Scythian king looks aui the only aas Dousa, itinerar Constant. well-known and according to von Grater et al. oft-repeated inscription as follows:
CKYenN FKANITAEYNOYN
One has conjicted several times: Tgavinf^ FQavltq^ Fkavitq^ Anyway, the coins with ßaailiwg Kavitov give us the Reading KANITA as probably the right one. The one before- standing letter, if it is not at all just out of error has crept in remains in doubt. The inscription, which in C. J. G. is set around the second century and their Origin (Yama or Odessus or its neighborhood) entirely well with the coin types of the city of Olbia and the Olbian Kanites, who were close to the Scythian kings Skiluros, belongs So >either the Kanites himself or one of him in time and place and name formation of closely related Scythian rulers.
BAUAE HAI02. King “Heles.**
In the cited essay by Koehne, p. 136, a special Thin coin from the Odessa collection^), first from Mursakevich pablicirt^ described and illustrated, which on the island of Findonisi, Opposite Olbia, is said to have been found.
Heiios head with rays, from vom. RJ, BAZIAE HALQZ (not HAIOY as the picture shows). Two stars above each other, including “a kind of base.^ JE 3.
One now thinks that this HAIOZ is, according to the BAäAEiog, a genitive, and Koehne suggests something like “Heles^” as the nominative before. The depictions of the coin would be a kind of talking coat of arms.
Of course I can have a look without having seen the coin do not allow any reservations about them, but an observation The attention I made here is certainly suitable for some To raise doubts about the “Heles^ or HAIOS.
1) Stolen now.
Contributions to the ancient traditions and traditions. 157
A package appeared in the coin trade here several years ago aof^ which are almost entirely copper coins from the Crimea, from Olbia and the Bosporan kings - including wonderful beautiful pieces from Chersonesus, almost all in old, French Paper written in zoisch or pokish by the same hand wrapped. The origin of the entire “collection” was obviously this Crimea or its immediate neighborhood. Among these coins There were a couple of wonderful fakes or real ones. tiger inventions, coined and not badly made, perhaps partly minted on old copper coins from that area:
Hj\ Raw head with diadem r. Rf. BAZIAEHS OIZISTPATOY (she) A0HN, placed like this: yy Standing Pallas nicephorus r. ^,5, seems to be a coin from Sinope or a similar one, of bright color Copper, embossed. Berlin Museum.
OfiPenbar from the same hand is one in the royal collection The people who arrived in Berlin from another source did not work badly Invention:
Raw head with diadem 1. Rf. AFAMEMNONOi: club, Arrow, quiver, shields. It still seems comfortable below T P Indication of Troy to stand.
M 4 very thick.
Finally there was in that collection that came from the Crimea another large yellow copper coin, the Hf of which, unfortunately, I don't have what is more memorable is:
Ä/; BAIIAEnZ HPAKAHI (she.) Standing Heracles, like on the tetradrachms of Thasus.
So it seems to be in Crimea or in the immediate vicinity a not clumsy man who has some historical and linguistic knowledge had knowledge, but could not always decline correctly Making coins with the names of famous kings, to have employed heroes and gods:
BAZIAEni niZIZTPATOY A0HN AFAMEMNONOZ BAIIAEnZHPAKAHI (she)
158 A. Ton Sallet:
This last description immediately concludes that
BAZIAE HAIOZ on. here too - if ßaaiXe doesn't mean ßaoileig, but rather usual way: ßaaiXiwg - just as flawed as a nominative, like the previous HPAKAH2. Like Heracles as "King" figorit, the ^King** Helios appears here, and as with He- Rakles' inscription shows his picture, so both sides of the “Helios-^ Coin also depicts representations relating to him: his head and sun-like stars.
Would like to get a second copy of the ^Helios" coin soon Provide certainty!
Coins of Alexander the Great's successors in Bactria and India.
The Berlin coin collection recently had a large exhibition Choosing Bactrian-Indian coins for the Lord's collection Grant^) acquired, largely those specimens which General Cunningham in his well-known, large publications published in Numismatic Chronicle. This acquisition, some impressions of other coins of Mr. Grant, and one extremely important new publication of golden Turuschka coins, by Dr. Hoemle (and Cunningham) give me the opportunity the following additions to my book about the coins of the Alexander's successor in Bactria and India.
Sophytes Alexander's vassal.
Mine based on the illustration and an impression of the Cunning The description given by Ham's specimen is not complete. It is in excellent condition and has now entered the Berlin collection Piece (the same one that Cunningham published) shows in the
1) Mr. Grant held a high government engineering position in India.
Bdtr&ge for antique coin and antique coins. 159
the helmet's flap covering the cheek Flögel, in the neck section of the head M. (artist name? ?)
Demetrius.
The tone described and illustrated to me by Conningham Unicom. ^ 4D, nnnmehr in Berlin, shows the transcription of the Back like this:
w'f p 'n u n Jf ) P s ^ i V
mäharajasa aparajitasa deme.
abo das ji in completely regular form; the de in the name is very attractive Clearly, on the other hand, the me, U, really seems to be the regal one to have form U>. — So far, unfortunately, there doesn't seem to be a second German A unique example of a coin from this king with an Arian surround. writing aa^efound to be.
Eucratides.
From the extremely rare M 4Y,D of Eucratides, which I described as the last of the king and (Plate III 4) the Grant collection contained a copy which a significant departure from Cunningham's reading of the Ari- anical back shows. — This strange coin is the only one which instead of the usual Indian translation of the Name and title, so here EAZIAEai METAAOY EYKPA- TIAOY, something completely different on the back reads: “Karisiye nagara devata*', the god of the city of Karisi. The last word, devata (God), depicted like this in one of Cunningham's illustrations forms: ^ 1 *I, but Cunningham himself declares it to be very doubtful- haft, and the example he depicts is also an overstamped one ApoUodot, therefore, can be taken for granted as an over-minted coin There is a lot to be desired in terms of clarity. That now from the mountain The copy acquired from the museum seems to me to be the last word to have in this form: I)^!^; so definitely not devata (God),
160 A. DEATH Sallat:
one could rather karada^), 1^>; or parada l'lh; orkayada, payada read; In any case, the last backstabe must, if he, like on Conningham's copy this Grestalt has: 3.9 a d and no t, because for the coins of Eucratides ^ = d, ond *] = t the regular&re.
Unfortunately, the remaining stack is also Grant's Sammlang unable to read this strange to detect coins; so sure that: karidye nagara on the until- well-known pieces, the last word remains so doubtful, only this can be said with certainty: devata, God, It certainly doesn't stand out on the cream copy.
Heliocles.
The square copper coins of Heliocles are characterized by their different orthography of the name in Indian transcription strange. The Grant collection contained two copies of the Coin with the elephant on the back, one of which is advertised the Berlin collection. The ended on both copies Name: sasa, p p. The whole name is particularly clear Inscription of the one, otherwise less beautiful, from the Berlin Museum piece not purchased:
pp-feA«! heliyakresasa
The other specimen shows much less fine shapes. Man
doesn't even see the fine lines on the k indicating the r and e
and would simply read: heliyakasasa. — What the impression
This copper coin with the elephant is attached, this shows
Front not, as previously assumed, the diademirte
Bust of the king, but the bearded, diademed bust
a god, probably Zeus, who was a common type of the
Back of Heliocles is known.
1) To the name of Eucratides: Evukratidasa, or a similar form one must not think that the remaining part of the inscription karitiye nagara, TOr em, karada* or the like, is certain.
Baitrtge mr «nttten Häni- und AlterHraDgiknnd«. Igl
Menander. A book preserved, but not completely stamped, EriBcbe's example plar is Menander's tetradrachm with the head with a diadem remarkable due to the high weight: 9.8 grams. Bishea: only two pieces of similar weight were known, the Apollodotus of 9.87 and the Philoxenus of 9.78 grams.*} Our piece of Menander is - if the clear fact prevails - In fact, further evidence is needed - again confirmation for the fact that the weight of the reddened tetradrachm (Mt was exactly 10 grams.
Nicias. The acquired specimen of the square Eupfermfiuze is, like the good illustration in Num. Chron. N. S. IX, Tat Vni, 10 proves the same thing that Cunningham has published. It's like I have already noticed this through Cunningham's text (Num. ChroD. N. S. IX, p. 299) not mentioned deviants Spelling of the ESnigstJtel interesting. While otherwise As far as I know, coins are always marked V tit u, maharttjasa. is written, Kicias says: P A 1 ) u, maharayasa, a form, which otherwise only occurs in later stone inscriptions, e.g. b. in the famous inscription of Yndopheres of Takht-i Bahi.
Mau it.
*. 4— 5DBA2IAnZBASIAEnN PIju T»TZu 1>HT1^T , ra- METAAOY MAYOY. jadirajasa mahatasa muasa. Ste-
1) You high oevicht a tetradnchme dM Iknea, 9.81 Qnmin, Ut not ftllniwiebtlg, that Haqm' SübennSuim often lehon itirt l^nrt and no longer w •obviously tiad all dl» d«r grimmhiselma Huracbar.
162 A. from Sallet:
Enthroned Zeus (?) standing Artemis-Selene from vom, with scepter^ the hand with torch in the right, on the scepter in his left hand in front of him standing naked (?)clothing, head crescent moon; left a Helios, with a large monogram at the bottom. Aureole, legend. This (old cast?) which is very clear in almost all details Coin is similar to mine as the fourth copper coin of the Maues quoted from Prinsep, Wilson and Raoul-Rochette. An er- wanted confirmation of the context of the name of the MAYOY with MAO, moon deity, offers us the beautiful and German lich Artemis-Selene of the back, even more indubitable than that something I described from Prokesch's collection differently dressed Artemis-Selene. —
M. 7. BAZIAEni BAlIAEriN transcription as before. Leo MEFAAOY MAoY Ste- left, the right forefoot hender Heracles with Di- raising. In front of him mono adem from from, club gram. and lion skin in the left Poor. This beautiful coin does not appear to have been described yet. The lion is similar to that of the large copper coins from Maues*. Very similar to Aze's ultimate successor and son.
Azes.
The strange square copper coin (Wilson Ariana Plate Vn, 6) with the hairy zebu^), lies in an almost entire complete copy, which Wilson's illustration is essential supplemented.
M. 5Vsa ßaaiUcig ßa EIAEQN Almost completely as usual MEFAAOY AZOY The transliteration of the aze: mahara- King on the camel jasa rajarajasa mahatasa ayasa.
1) By mistake this is in my description (second st of the ace). Sign O remained missing.
Contributions to ancient Möus and Allttrthuus studies. 163
r^ in the right a the hairy zebus animal (yak) Holding chopsticks {?). right.
Undetermined king (identical to Kadphises?)
The ones I have behind Zionises, immediately in front of Pacores was a written series of coins from a king who had not yet been deciphered represented in two copies in Grant's collection. The Greek inscription, as always, fragmented and probably quite meaningful- going on, the Indian stacks differ in many ways from the known stacks/ the forms are not always definite and not complete either received, so that for the time being a completely secured reading is still possible cannot be given. Mr. Grant himself referred to these both coins as 'kojola kara kadphises', and indeed you can read Indian in a similar way on these copies, while, of course, this entire series of coins Kadphises (11) differs considerably and is much more similar to Azes, Zeionises seems to connect. — I give the description of the two pieces from Grant's collection, as far as the ken forms (e.g. k and p) of the inscription make it possible:
iE. 6. . . lAYYA . . . Zebus animal r. ji hhU'1 A. . . so: however
In front of him h , above him s p k r k 1 y possibly too
the symbol of the Azes- read: . . . . yala kara kapasa . .
Row of the Kadphises (11) Katneel r., above ^, in front of the
and 8. w. (see my post- Thier H. follower of Alexander's etc.)
iE. 6. ...HNN...Zebu r., da- . . A ju PPh^Tl'lA T
before p ydmsspkrklyk
so maybe: kayola kara ka- pasasa... Above ¥, r. ^.
Azilises.
An extremely beautiful example of the tetradrachm
with standing male figure, (a god?), by me
12
164 A. Clay Stilet:
Roof Prinsep-Thomas (No. 4) uDvollkomDieii beecliriebeti, g«be I here in the illustration. — The silver is good, the weight high: 9.6 grams.
The so-called “Hardagases”. One of the most important coins in Grant's collection is so-called “hardagases” by the owner:
€nC CnTHPOY (she) A 11 3: f 1 1 ? • Nike r.
Bearded bust portrait.
So exactly the types of the usual MSnze of the Ysdo pheres, also the titles of the Greek transcription are precisely fiber- agreeing. The surviving parts of the Srinian inscription reads Mr. Grant: ..sa (end of title) baradaga . . . and the speaking on the Greek site APAA. He complements this Came to “Hardagases”. But if in the present coin There shouldn't just be a wild Yndopberes, so The Arianieche, like the Greek transcription, reveals much more Yndopheres' well-known nephew and successor of Abdagase, Indian in the genitive:
PWS'JII avdaga«asa. This corresponds to:
n % / 11 of the alleged hard gas. However, the form equivalent to h would be 1, instead of 1 (o) striking, and the shape ^^^^^8^^" ^^^^ ^aydagasa" is up
Contributions to ancient coinage and antiquity. 165'
not known now; But the latter Nanian form is impossible. don't know. Also what's in Greek on the front What's left of the name, you can read ABAA, right but at least recognize traces of these letters. But whether There really is a hitherto unknown form of Abda gas here- lies or just an Yndopheres with corrupt transcription first teach a complete copy of this coin. A neer But it's certainly not King, "Hardagases" or the like.
Abdagases.
An excellent example of the rare coin with the Relationship designation: “nephew of Yndipheres” shows on the Greek side a small deviation from the known ones pieces; one reads clearly, in the usual ugly way of that time borrowed letters (e.g. the ß like D);
ßaailev aßa vvöup^Qo adBlfpideug.
Zeionises. *
One of the main ornaments of the Gran table collection are two Pieces of Zeionise, that extremely rare one, characterized by its remarkable worthy title and e.g. Th. also characterized by figures rich in figures- marked king:
M, 7. ... ATPAnYI . . . NirOY ;>ntli| ?>h . . . r|yf o, so: (d. i. abo . . . aaTQanov manigula . . pasa jiha . asa Der . . viyov) king on horseback, standing king r. in a short time etc. r.^ in front of him the sym-bock, with trousers, bracelets, bol, which is on the late- in the left arch (?) of of the Indo-Bactrian mouths, Tyche standing in front of him, zen is common. Underneath with Modius and cornucopia, be- other wreaths on the horse. In the field monograms, small symbols.
Tetradrachm, good silver. — 9.52 grams.
A similar small silver coin was already known. —
The transcriptions of Zeionises are not yet completely certain;
12*
In my stream the previous lives are together- set')
On our tetradrachm there is first the title of satrap, (a)aiQOTinv, clearly. The name closes clearly. . NITOY, not vtaov^ as is otherwise read on other coins. — From The Arian transcription is the beginning and end of the title deaU lent, the name is almost completely clear: jiha asa. The Left Out Book stabe has entirely this form: ■t; it probably has to be “no” with it means his, even if the "ni" in the title is manigula. . . widely regulated seems to be designed more clearly, on Prinaep's illustration (Essay's etc. II pl. 52 (after p. 126) No. 8) is the ni in the name of Königs designed like this: -f, so close to the -f-. — The style of the tetradrachm is not bad, the metal and weight well; The king is certainly not far from Azes at that time and Azilises.