Zeitschrift für Numismatik, vol. 9 — 1882

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I

CJ

s

MAGAZINE

FOR

NUMISMATICS

REDIT

FROM

Prof. Dr. ALFRED OF SALLET,

OmDIVTLICHIM MITOLISD DBS KAI8EBLI0H DKUT9CHKX ARCHABOLOOIBCBSH IV8TITUTB, ■■RnMITOLnD DBB HÜ1II8MATI8GHBX OB9BLL8CHAFTBV IH BBltLni UVD LOMDOB.

NINTH VOLUME.

BERLIN

WBIDMANN'S BOOKSHOP.

1882.

Contents of the volume mentioned.

Antiquity

Friedlaender, J. The acquisitions of the Münzcabinet i. J. 1880 (Plate I). 1

(Including Middle Ages and Orient)

Weil, R., Arcadian coins (Plate II) 18

Lambros, P., Unedired Coin of Hjpate 42

Lambros, P., unedited coin MichaePs Palaeologos, Kaiser v. Nicaea 44

Hoi&nann, G., Two coins from Ashdod 96

Friedlaender, J. BoecWs Eaboeiscber Münzfdss in Sicily .... 99 Brüchner, L., Greek. Coins with images of historical private individuals sonen (Plate IV) 109

Sallet, A. V., contributions to ancient coinage and antiquity. . . 138

Di Dio, 0., Allia, unedited denarius 190

Weil, R, The coinage of the Achaean League (Plates YII, YIII). 199

Ennan, A., New Arabic Imitations of Greek Coins (Plate YI) 296

Middle Ages and Middle Ages.

Dnning, A., The Borbecker Groschen of Sophia Gr. t. Gleichen, Abt.

V. Essen 47

Stenzel, Th., The Coin Fund r. Groschewits i Anhalt 66

Friedensburg, F., Tobias Wolff the Breslauer (goldsmith .... 70

Friedensburg, F., The Silesian coin cabinet of the city of Breslau. . 75

Grote, H., Sophia or Petrissa, a protestation 79

Sallet, A. y., Lead Medals y. Tobias Wolff (Plate III) 198

Dannenberg, H., On Brandenburg coinage, 11. (Plate Y). . 273 Dannenberg, H., A Denarius d. Bishop Raimbert or Reginbert von

Verdun 287

Friedlaender, J., The Coin Fnnd of Paretz 289

Friedensburg, Silesia's coins in the Middle Ages (Part I). — (Plate IX) 302

Bergsoe, S., On Norwegian and Danish coinage 839

Erman, A., Two Heinsberg coins from Geilenkirchen 348

•f«??7o H

IT lohalt des neimtai Botdee.

Orient.

Hirtmaim, H, Three nnediite syllables det ChAÜfen and SnUaiis

Abnl-fadl Al-Abbas Ibn Mohammed il s. w 85

Oldenboig, H., On the chronology of the S[8h«lnpa and Gnptft Djiuwtie.

NaehtrSge etc 90

Erman, A., Addendum tu d. Acquisitions of Mfinacabinet 196

Smaller communications.

Gods from officials in Thrad's cities. A.r. 8,344

Small additions e.g. d. AuÜBltzen t. F. Friedenabnig: Tobias Wolff

and that schles. MSnikabinet L 346

Literature.

Postolacas, A 96

Harster, W 346

Bahrfeldt, IL 347

Maxe-Werly, B 348

Bobert, P.C 349

Zobel de Zangronix 352

Yerbessenmgen 360

At the end of the ribbon: Negotiations of the NnmismatUchen Society in Berlin 1881.

L

Zfilsilinll hu Niuiusmalik K

^Nm

ffö

iit'rliiii UVi(liii;imisilii' liuiiiili.iinlliiiic

They acquired the HQnzkabinett in 1880.

{Plate I.)

Neither in number nor in value could this year's Acquisitions are similar to those of previous years, as the coin kabiuet obligations for the previous year had to replace the purchase of the Sandes collection. There were therefore just bought:

Gold silver copper piece

Oriecbiscbe Uödmu 1 16 204 2S1

Roman and Byzantine 2 1 44 47

Uitlelftllerliche and newer 3 M 18 75

Oriental 16 64 73 162

"31 135 359 ST The historically most important acquisition is this Exagium Solidi of Ricimer

So far it has only been from <«reu epigraphic collections known, from which it was not exactly documented, most recently also from Orelli, Nos. 1150 and 1151. This well-preserved copy is The Mint Cabinet thanks the mediation of Professor von Dnhn in Heidelberg, who acquired it in Naples.

The bronze plaque has three silver stripes on each side 1

2 years Friedlaender:

occupied, the letters are engraved into these and then with niello filled out.

While the exagia of this genus otherwise have the names of Emperors wear and those of the Praefecti urbi, as the officials wear they had to spend, it says here: Salvis dominis nostris et patricio Ricimere on the YS.; so are the names of the emperors (Leo I. in Constautinople and Libius Severus or another of the emperors in Rome, who raised and overthrew Ricimer) and is named is only Patricius Ricimer. And from this it follows that Ricimer was not only in possession of the dominion, but also participated in the honors of sovereignty. It corresponds to that also that he was on small bronze coins of Libius Severus Monogram as a type of KS. has set. Odoacer followed For example, he coined without the emperor; then the east goths. These monuments to the earliest interventions of the Germanic peoples into the Empire are of great historical interest; man I would like to say it is the beginning of the Middle Ages.

L Among the Greek coins there is one of Mr. Dr. Humann submitted didrachm from the series Lydian gold and silver coins, which were given to Croesus probably not wrongly says. The coin cabinet now owns This series is probably complete, of gold coins: stater, third, Sixths and twelfths, of silver pieces didrachms, drachmas and half drachma.

Due to its weight of 13.71 grams, a di- drachmon from Aegina with the mark of the very oldest genus. On the ordinary foot of the Aeginian drachma, 6.2 grams, this does not refer to weight. We know Pollux that there was an Aeginian drachma, the 10 Attic Obolen weighed 7.273 (the Attic Obol as ^ the Attic Drachma of 4.36 is 0.727). So we have here in the piece of 13.71 the oldest weight introduced by Phidon, whose Didrachmon 14.55 weighed, and that was in the silver coins Philip N. of Macedonia later repeated. Maybe his

The acquisitions of the Monzkabinet in 1880. 3

Because of his Aegine descent he used the old Phidonian language Weight back on.

So our coins and also some in the British Museum existing^) agree with the PoUux's message. The in Existing specimens in London weigh up to 13.74; our example plar is quite considerably worn, it may very well be 0.84 grams lost and originally weighed 14.55. wear and tear makes far greater differences in weight than you would normally lich means.

These severe didrachms are rare, and that explains why easy, because as soon as you get the lighter drachma in Aegina 6.2, without a doubt those oldest heavier ones were included melted, and by chance only a few remained. And from the Rarity is then again explained by the fact that among these few Pieces that are still left are not perfect.

This heavy Aeginean didrachm is certainly the most oldest coin we ever have.

The reduction from 7.273 to 6.2, i.e. to |, has to be done very early have taken place. Because when Solon took the Attic drachma led, he no longer found the oldest Aeginean of 7,273 before, but he found the reduced one of 6.2, which is on average 6 weighed. This follows from the well-known news that he 100 new drachmas were struck from 73 old drachmas. This message fits only to the coins if the 73 old drachma pieces of 6 grams were. Because 100 Attic drachmas weighs 436.38 grams, if these were equal to 73 pre-Solonian drachmas, so

must be the pre-Solonian drachma — ^w— d. h. 5.978 or around

Weighed 6 grams, so it was the second one, the usual one aeginian drachma. These numbers are not entirely correct, because our news is inadequate.

The well-preserved Di- drachmon (No. 1) of Alexander of Pherae, a contemporary of Phi-

1) Nam. Chron. N. 8. XV. p. 269.

4 years Friedlaender:

Lipps of Macedonia, is a fine example of grace in the Drawing and the delicacy in the execution, which the Thessalian coins. The laurel-crowned head can Despite the earring, one thinks he is Apollo, who in Macedonian Coins are certainly depicted with earrings, but it can be here also be Artemis. The suffix next to the Eopf is none torch, but a palm branch with a few leaves at the top, similar to what Nike sometimes wears, e.g. B. the sitting one the well-known beautiful coin of Elis.

A small bronze was found among a shipment from Smyrna of Pitane in Mysia with the name of AMMHN next to his Eopf turned to the right (No. 2). On the ES. is the penta gram, that coat of arms of this city, on a round one, so to speak Shields shown^ and the writing is in unusual position, after niTA a wide pointless gap, then NAIflN, so that the end of the word almost touches the beginning.

A coin from Agrippina of Claudius is rare Hieropolis in Phrygia marked TENEI 2EBA2(TnN) next to the six-pillared temple; unedited one under Tiberius in Prynmessus minted with the name of a priestess. Here the description: M, IS Mill. ZEBAZTOZ. Laurel wreathed man

LOYKOVN

Eopf of Tiberius to the right. RF, lEPH a woman who

AA

turned to the left, with R. holding a scale in his left arm

*, TT. T. 1 . « nP YMNHZ

two oversized ears of corn. down in the field stands across

^ ^ ZE HN,

the HP stands between the scales. Yor the woman in

Field a large owl or a star. become priestesses

not often mentioned on coins, most of all on Phrygian,

in Prynmessus, Attuda, Eumenia.

An Alexandrian coin of Antoninus Pius from his

The tenth year of his reign shows the stable of Augenias in a different way

than usual (No. 4). Namely, on the marble works

Hercules depicted holding a two-pronged fork or

The acquisitions of the Mint Cabinet in 1880. 5

works with a hoe into a large pile of dung (assembly foucon iWtiquit^ expliqu^e. Th. I. P. 220. Annali dell'instituto 1864. p. 304). Different on our coin, which is not unknown but is inaccurately described and illustrated (Eckhel Nummi veteres anecdotal. p. 301. Plate XV 22, from another year; Zoega P. 192, Mionnet VI 250. 1705). You can see on our copy inside the indicated stable cave the head of Alpheus, from which the water flows down. Hercules stretches his hands before; whether it is right for him to wash them after completing the work Zoega doubts the meaning of the hand gesture he leaves it undetermined; It seems to me that Hercules just has the river led in, the head fastened. The hoe and a basket, for Carrying away the manure (you can see the basket on the Eckherschen He dropped the coin, not ours, as unnecessary thrown.

Another of the labors of Hercules from the year £100 Antoninus, the killing of the Amazon Hippolyte, is not in Clear specimens known, the one pictured, perfectly haltene will be instructive to archaeologists. The weapons, Pelta and Bipennis, the Amazone has been omitted (No. 3).

The Alexandrian coin of Hadrian from the year KA has a large spike between two torches, two sticking out above Poppy heads and three ears of corn, symmetrically placed, stand out. From On the vase is the abduction of Proserpina, despite the small clearly and presented in detail (No. 5).

New is the following Alexandrian coin of Severus and the Domna, from his seventh year of government; (AK A CGIIT) CCYH GYCe nePT CGB AP AA HAP MGF. Laurel wreathed man Head right Rf. (lOYAI)A AOMNA CGBACTH Domna (an clearly visible in the hairstyle) raising the right hand, in the Left the scepter. To her left L Z.

The title Parthicus Maximus, which Severus carries here, had he accepted in the sixth year of his reign. The figure of the KS.

6 years Friedlaender:

is the Providentia, as it otherwise appears with the transcription IIPONOIA Alexandrian coins appear.

All Alexandrian coins of Sererus and his family are rare, and so far only one common one was known of Severus and Domna, with their two heads; another has the heads of the Domna and her sons. Also in Roman As is well known, the heads of this family are more common in coins. compiled than those of the others. This is strange Contradiction with Caracalla's fratricide.

The following Alezandrin silver coin of the same appears

still to be unknown. AVT K M AVPHA ANT is written

around the laurel wreathed boy's head turned to the right, with the coat around the chest. On the downside, one is nice grouped battle scene shown. The Emperor blows up Unkshin, with a flying cloak, next to him a warrior on foot, an The P^rther, recognizable by the Phrygian cap, is in front of the emperor Horses fell, but still fights with the short sword second enemy with the shield stands above him fighting. Below in the field L©, the ninth year of Severus' reign, 200 - 201 AD He had fought the Parthians, the 12-13 year old Caracalla had accompanied him; they were in that year returned to Antioch, Caracalla wore the toga virilis received and was designated consul. On the par- The depiction of our coin refers to this war.

The series of noun coins was issued with one under Hadrian coined by the Letopolites increased.

IL Roman coins. To the series minted in Luceria The rarest Roman coin was added, the piece of 10 ounces, of flat shape, 31 million in size and 24.1 grams in weight. On the VS. it has a female head wreathed with ears on the right- there. On the KS. Victoria in a foursome, above V, below horses ROMA, and in the section Soooo. The piece conveys the Roman Ace with that applicable to the Adriatic Sea, which was divided into 10 ounces.

The acquisitions of the HdukabiDets in 1880. 7

The PompODÜ are known to have the Hercules Mosarnm and put the masses on their denarii; some of these denarii are ans unknown cause seUec, the rarest of all the erato, it was missing until- here, this gap was filled by a beautiful copy.

On the rare denarius of L. Valerius Aciscolus, Mr Baron de Witte in the Revue numismatiqae 1849. P. 3'25 den long-footed man of the KS. for eng Kiesen Valens explains. A beautiful specimen shows that its illustration and the in Cohen's I^summary position of the coins of the Roman Republic are not entirely accurate.

The snakes here clearly end in snake heads, and the Qigant does not hold lightning, as is gnawed there, nor arrows, as it appears in Cohen's illustration, but there is no hand, They are long, stiff lines that have no resemblance to fingers have, rather resemble swimming feet, which are similar to those of swimming the waterfowl are turned backwards. Also the up- stretched left arm does not have a hand with lightning bolts, but one similar shape to the right one, only with the lines, the toes are combined here. Where the human body in the snakes But if it goes away, similar outgrowths hang down. Also two in Paris existing copies, whose impressions I owe to the GettUigkeit of the Thanks to Messrs. Muret and Feuardent, show the same Educations. It seems to be a giant that also controls the sea got^eiten is related, as among the giants of the Pei^- A winged giant with human legs on the Menian altar Main insignia that is otherwise unique to the Tritons.

An aureus of the Postnmn is of patriotic interest

g J. Friedlaendet:

with the usual transcription P0STVM7S AVQ around the helmeted head; At the boiler of the helmet is the Victoria in the biga shown. On the KS. HERC DEVSONIENSI is around the Farnesian Hercules right. This underside was in gold not known.

We still don't know where this piece belongs. name of Hercules refers, Deuso is mentioned once, but without reference to the location. You have Duisburg and thought of Deutz; There was a Roman station in Deutz, but Divitia was called. To Postumus, which was based in Cologne, would Deutz fit.

A very rare small bronze coin from the time of Julian Apostata has DE AE SANG CERERI around the bust of the goddess to the left, with the veil, the right one visible in front of the chest Hand holds ears of grain. The KS. has GEN CIVIT NICOM. The Standing city goddess holds the cornucopia in her left arm Right a tax. In the OPA section. The image and Description in Cohen's supplement volume are not completely accurate, the Helen of Julianus in Ceres is least allowed to be seen. know.

An aureus of Diocletian with the inscription CONSYL IUI PP PROCOS around the standing emperor holding the globe holds^ has in the field S. Dr. Missong in Vienna appeared first noted that *this letter in the paragraph blaze in the field of many gold coins of Diocietian and his co-regents it says that it is the number 60 and that it means: the so-called drawn Aurei are ^ pounds; her weight confirms this.

This number symbol is the predecessor of the corresponding one Designation OB 72, on the gold coins of later emperors, which ■^ Weigh pounds or coined after the seventy-two foot are. Both designations 5 and OB are also similar in that that Greek numerals next to Latin inscriptions, and that they are now in the field, now in the section.

The coin shown above is one of the few of these

The acquisitions of the Mönzkabinet in 1880.

Times whose year of issue is known. Diocletian was born in 290 AD. for the fourth time, 298 for the fifth time Consal, in these years So the coin with CONSVL IUI belongs, and since it is the earliest can be determined with certainty, which l has, then it follows that the Diocletian's order to coin 60 aurei from the pound of gold, falls into these years. It also turns out that his coinage Reforms not only affected silver and euphoria money, but also also the gold, which was previously unknown.

Diocletain did, too, before he introduced this sixties foot tried a seventy foot and the pieces mjt o, that's 70, referred to. The small number of such pieces shows that this is only the case was temporary.

So we now know the following value designations on gold and silver coins:

1. Under Diocletian and his companions regents

Among the same (and their next most follow)

Under Diocletian and his fellow regents

2. Under Constantine the Great and

his sons

Constans

3. Under ValentiDian I and Valens and their followers

In these three eras the coinage system was regulated, as the laws and news that have partially survived to us show. So it's fitting that every time the new value information, the coin iuses, written on the coins themselves, and later when the Values that have become known and familiar to people continue again were left. Only the OB was retained for a very long time.

For the meaning of this OB as a designation of the second At seventy feet the l is new tangible evidence.

III. Among the Middle Ages coins, the following are important.

The still quite incomplete series in the coin cabinet Visigoth kings were defeated by a tremissis of Sisebut

Gold

70

Gold

ä 60

Silver

XCVI 96

1 gold 1 silver

LXXII 72

XCVI%

Silver

LX60

Gold

OJB 72

Weight:

t',

pounds.

n

.'.

n

9

•'l

n

•

t".

m

»

1

9«

m

»

e*o

m

«

TV

9

10 years FriedlmeDder;

enriched, minted in Emerita, which is written here EMEKETA is; E is often found on Weetgoth coins instead of I, e.g. B. vectoi' instead of victoT.

Of the Deatschän coins, the rarest is the Gul depicted that of Hagenau in Elsasa, the first and only gold tonne this city that has come to light

Also extremely rare is the silver coin, which is shown here. As Count Palatine Ruprecht in 1504

died in eight, his sons Otto Hein received Rich, born 1502, and Philipp, born 1503, through the efforts her father's Grand Councilor, Elector Philip the Erich tigen from the Palatinate, as the disputed inheritance of her mother Grandfather of Duke George the Rich of Bavaria, who called Young Palatinate, the Duchy of Neubui^. And back then, 1505, was apparently by Earförsten Philipp for the Both children minted this coin, on which they had one Lions are depicted playing. It seems doubtful to me whether the lion means the elector, as Exler believes, I would like to receive the Fine Medal of Hieronyraus Fugger remember, on which a small child is depicted with a lion is, with the transcription Dens me custodit. For the orphaned Such a bar position would probably suit boys of the Count Palatine. By the way, these princes are the ones who became known later; Otto Heinrich became elector and built part of the Heidel Berg Castle.

The only image of this coin that I can find is in

The acquisitions of the Münskabinel in 1880. H

Arendt's Müntzbuch, Frankfurt am Main 1631, page 671, where the piece is incorrectly called Thaler. Then they described Kohler MB. Th. VIII. S. XXIV, Madai No. 1392, which has already been called Exter, Pfalzische Münzen, Th. 11. P. 316, and finally the Gentlemen Doctors Erbstein in the Schulthess-Rechberg catalog No. 4271. This Schulthess'Bchc copy arrived in 1880 into the royal Cabinet.

The piece weighs 15.21 grams and is too heavy for one person Halbthaler, Messrs. Erbstein call it “half a guilder” groschen/ This weight that has been required for a coin of this time since- same type, and the rarity suggests that it is rather was a kind of commemorative coin, for example when the Duchy of Neuburg minted to the Eoiabs

Häusser says in his history of the Rhenish Palatinate, Th. I. P. 470, Count Palatine Ruprecht, the father of these two Princes, I had a coin minted with two boys on it to open the mouth of a lion; probably means the person in question historian praised our coin, about which he had received an erroneous description. buDg was available.

A Flindrich from the chief of Jeyer, Tanno Düren, 1442-1468, the inscription differs slightly from those in the Hanoverian sheets Th. II, No. 2, plate XXII, No. 323 and described in Knyphausen's catalog no. 6738 and 6739 off. It's on our copy. TRUHO l DVRSß', ÖÄP'- TKLIS l laVGRÖß'o and on the KS. SIT S HO \ iHG' l DOSÜl I ßl BGHe I DIGTViB. The guys are the same as on the other copies.

Finally, there are two coin finds that should be mentioned individual pieces were selected. First the discovery of Michen- village in the Potsdam area, from which ten coins, including one of the Petrissa, in the royal. have reached the coin cabinet, and the discovery of Dombrowo.

At the Dombrowo colony in the administrative district of Marien- werr is an urn that weighs four kilograms

12 years Friediaender:

Containing silver treasure, it was found. It consists of a large one twisted rings of different shapes, broken jewelry of Arabic work, coins and extremely numerous small ones Fragments of coins. The historical association in Marienwer- he acquired the finds and the coins for inspection and selection, for which he was gratefully acknowledged is due.

The find is related to that of Althöfchen, which I published in Grote's Coin Studies Volume VIII p. 267 also in the fact that it contained Pohl coins, which... Generally not that common.

A short overview, which I have written, will probably be appear in the publications of the said association; here this application It didn't seem necessary to repeat the giving since the coins were mostly the well-known ones are.

The latest are those of Harthaknut, who dates from 1089 and Bracislav, who ruled from 1037. You can So assume that the find was made in the years 1040 to 1050. dig.

I give here only a few notable coins.

Breisach?

The inscription on this still unknown coin i* HDOVI- GVS IM(P) is the mutilated copy of a Carolingian, Other coins with a similar reverse usually have OTTO TMP quite unclear, our coin also dates from the time of be Ottonian.

The downside differs not insignificantly from the similar ones. A very nice copy that I found in the writing about the Farver

The acquisitions of the MvnzkaMnet in 1880. 13

Found, Plate I 6 has depicted BKIISI, and in the angles of the Cross of the YS. CRYX. Dannenberg said it in his previous excellent works are not mentioned, but a different one under 905b- of the lower one, so that he does not see the word CRVX has known.

These coins have the city name BRIISI and BRIISE (rfickl&afig); The BRCSI shown here is not allowed read along^ it's just an ornament, a remnant of the za Grande lying- the inscription COLONIA. BRCSI was based more on Brocsal, Brachsal fits better than on Breisach, but the C can also be used be a typo, as Hdorico's is also flawed, and Since no coins from Bruchsal are known so far, this will be the case probably all of these, which in the character and size of the book All of the staves are similar to each other in terms of recurrence belong to each other and to Breisach.

Dannenberg, who saw our coin, wants it in Brussels whose coins also sometimes bear the name EQudovicus appears even more mutilated. Only our coin shines only a few and only coincidental similarities with those of Brussels to have; there the letters of the city name are always far away smaller and more delicate, also posed differently, and the character of the whole is another. S. Dannenberg 142 b.

Our coin has a small E under the A, which is the same turns out to be 3 in the same place on the related coin, which de Coster published in the Revue Beige n, p. 422 and the Bilsen Monastery in Limburg, Belgium, which Dannenberg No. 276 repeated That copy was in the (^iD area found, only the location of a specimen is certain The allocation according to Bilsen is no more important than the inscription; BIISEII, which you can also get BRISEII instead of BILSEII. can clarify, and this inscription is the one listed above BRIISI and BRIISE are quite similar, the small E in the field it has in common with ours. This Bilsen should be thefled So doesn't the coin also belong to Breisach and Bilsen is eliminated?

14 y. Frwditender -.

Wiping.

I have the first coin from the old Prague Castle FuDde TOD Althöfchen was found and in the area listed above Description of the same is given. She has WISSEGKAD (back- läofig) and the name of Duke Jaromir,

There is a specimen in this find from Dombrowo

the other now known coin from Wischerad,

Dannenberg got it from Dobra in the magazine

for Numismatics I, p. 366 given and Boleslav DI. divided

Undetermined original coin.

This coin could be considered one of the not so rare ones The same coins hold the Byzantine gold coins are reproduced; it has the most similarity with the which I have given in the discovery of "Althöfchen" plate I 8.

It only differs from all of these in that those who, like their golden statues, presented all their heads from the front posed show; Here, on the other hand, one head is a professional). Dar- According to me, this coin does not seem to be a copy of a Byzantine one Solid 08.

It looks similar to the Mainz coin, which Röboe has in the Magazine, for coin studies III, plate VI, g shown and Dannenberg No. 797 has repeated. This one is also af head of h. Martin von vom, the beggar's head, for whom he cutting his coat, in profile. The similarity of the Coins, the death of Mainz and ours is so great that one I don't want to think of it as coincidental. Also the heads of the VS. with his right hand raised, holding the scepter, are similar. lei- This means that our mfinze does not have a copy that can be read.

The acquisitions of the Hänikabiuets in 1880. 15

The head yos vom with the nimbus and the small Ereuz Above that, one could loudly say that of the Savior, which also occurs on Bohemian coins; if it were the Savior, so could be the Younger Johannes in the profile head. courage that lies on his chest

OBnemark.

The coins of Harthaknat are rare; This find contains the two shown here.

One of the first similar ones is on the title page of the 5th part of the Reicher's catalogue, but it differs in the images. writings from. Initially this is instead of C in the name of King's. Res in I>ano(rum) also appears on one of the rare ones Danish MQnzen Knuts. Älfward, the mint master, finds on many of this king's coins. Lund is the city in Spare.

The second coin is even rarer; in the Thomsen catalog No. 9849 only HAKECNV, and the same mint master, in whose Names on the outer coin A and F form a monogram. This I, with which the inscription closes, should certainly be an L for Lund, but that's hardly enough for L.

lY. Oriental coins. The Sassanid series was replaced by the very rare Jezdegird's III. enriched, of the last King, who only has a small part of his empire Predecessors had it when the Arabs were already in control had taken possession of the same.

Mr. Directorial Assistant Dr. Erman also reports:

“Among the 152 oriental coins issued this year received by the Royal Collection, there are numerous

16 years* Friedlaender:

rich pieces which filled our ranks; this applies particularly from some Spanish^ North African and posterior^ Indian. In addition, however, several were also acquired are characterized by high scientific value and partly Unica, some of which are extremely rare.

“A dirhem of the Khalifa el Muhtadi from the year 256 is minted in Samerra; up to now from this year of his birth murder only a coin from Arminija and a dubious one known from Baghdad;

The strange revolutionary coin that came to the Nile in the year 285 is minted by Karabacek (Wien. Ztschr. YIII, p. 382) decidedly correctly determined. The only one known so far Unfortunately, the copy probably belongs to the stolen Odessa collection perished; a West Prussian find, about which unfortunately Nothing further could be found out, which now brought us a second one Copy in better condition.

“The Dirhem of Sedjistan was then purchased the name of el Hosein ibn Bilal from the year 321 and the Dioar of the Aderbeidjan dynasts Djestan and Ibrahim^ Sons of el Merzeban, minted in 347 ^ both coins zen Unica from the former Fonrobert collection.

“What is interesting is a dirhem that has the Umayyad on the Rs Faith formula carries, on the Ys. but in a kind of Neshi script bears, among others, the name of Ali ibn Musa. Maybe This means the Imam he Ridha and our coin as well if the monument to a religious uprising. She probably belongs the second half of the third century.

“From North Africa we came, probably from a larger find, a series of gold coins used by the Aglabites and Fati- are shaped with. They also had two specimens plare (one of them somewhat barbaric) of the one intended by Bergmann ten dinars of the Berber prince Mohammed ibn Elfath, who in West Africa became the Khalifa and took the name Esh Shakir accepted. But while the Vienna Mint now appears to be dated

The acquisition of the Manzkabinett in 1880. 17

The year 346 is, the two Berliners are from the year 337; there are So then the historians led by Bergmann report those who placed his accession only in the year 342.

His rule was led by the Fatimite general El Hasan Djanhar, who died in 347 and 348 took Sidjilmasa and Fas. Undoubtedly on these fields train, perhaps in the conquered Sidjilmasa, is now a fati- Mitish dinar minted - from the year 347, without location information - which in type and in the factory corresponds exactly to the dinars of the Shakir joins."

First of all, I would like to mention that in the current year In 1881 two important acquisitions were made: a Bronze medallion of Antoninus Pius with a stehoid Artemis of ancient style; she grabs the antlers of the one next to her standing deer; this extraordinarily beautiful group is without Doubtless a copy of an older Greek work of art. This Unicum is in the beautiful work of Dr. Froehner about the Roman medallions are published (No. 6).

Also unique, and even more valuable, is the large one Gold medallion of Constan weighing an eighth of a pound, which I already wrote in 1868 in the fourth volume of Berliner Sheets for coin studies, plate XLVI, published (No. 7), and which was now purchased after the death of the previous owner could be.

J. Friedlaander.

Iicadian coins.

(See Table IL)

1. The ancient Arcadian community.

Divided into small, independent cantons Arcadia during the heyday of Greece, and that in EPA minondas^ time made, later repeated repeated attempt, the To unify the landscape has to do with the opposition of one another rebellious elements caused, which do. reconcile, not before the entry of the Arcadians into the Achaean League lungs is. Nevertheless, tradition strives to ensure uniformity to preserve the character of the landscape; she knows of a king thum, whose last representative was at the beginning of the second Messenian period He was a war aristocrat, the son of Hiketas, from Trapezus. At the Spartans' struggle for hegemony in the Peloponnese There is always only talk of them being individual cantons or one face a number of allies, but never the entire country schaft;, and when at Plataea the Tegeates deal with the Athenians Fighting for the place of honor on the right wing of the army is also This is just a claim that the individual city makes. Here- after, it could indeed seem as if the landscape of from the time when the kingship ended to the founding of Megalopolis, would have been devoid of any political connection. Only the Arcadian coins belonging to this period teach that such an assumption is unsound.

Journal of Xumismatics. K

Rpi'lui.WcidniiUiiuii'lu' Ituclüiüiullune

Arkadkehe coins. 19

The first thing we have before us is a Stadien silver coinage from Heraea, Thelpnsa, Psophis, Eleitor, Stymphalos, Pheneos, hence from the Qrenzcantons of Northern Arcadia; from the more powerful Cities aaf the plateau of Eastern Acadia is represented Manti- nea, Tegea and Pallantion^), in the later area of Megalopolis at least one, Parrrhasia^); is not represented in these older ranks of Orchomenos. Your currency is the Aegis neische, drachmas are only available from Heraea, everything else is Pieces, trioboles, trihemiobolia, oboles, hemioboli.

The long one runs parallel to this embossing of the individual Gantones Series of trioboles and obols with the enthroned type Zeus, isolated of the standing, and the head of a goddess, the one occasionally, and especially early, also from the to represent tried. The description is: W(»-, IAqxO'^ ^AQxadixov sc. vofiiaf^a^ like 0evix6v, With the quantity of these coins, — Imhoof- Blumer, Zeitsckr. f. Numism. 1876, III, p. 290 ff., counts 55 varieties actions on - which the gradual development of that difficult, clumsy archaic style to high style and often one that can only be explained by the locality show antiquity, even though it appeared relatively late - occurring 9 in the caption') is to be expected, becomes immediately clear- It is clear that they are much more sparse than those that exist urban characteristics formed the actual Courant, and Admittedly, this influence extends as far as it comes from the style lcan be healed, from the second half of the 6th century to the end the events of the 5th century, but in such a way that the older series

1; P. Lambros, Journal for Numismatics II. (1875) & 172.

2) Stephen. Bys. s.y. Tlagguaia, Fär the small silver coin with a naked male figure on the front, and on the back in the field capital p surrounds tone of the romanization PAP which was recently added to the local one Cabinet reached, msn could also have reached Uagtigti« in the Eutresian territory think. (Paus. VIII, 35, 6 f. 27, 8).

3) Imhoof, Zeitsehr. f. Numism. III. P. 298 and 302. On the small ones Silver coins from the period after the construction of the megalopolis are like this seems to differentiate the different series by individual letters, too 9 is not missing among them. Leake Num. Hellen. Bur. p. 17.

2*

20 »• Because:

Main stock ansmacheD, the younger ones, on the other hand, are unequally sparser- are more represented. Didrachms and drachmas are not pre- act; was used as large silver in the Peloponnese at that time, like that Finds in accordance with the literary tradition ^), the didrachmon and the drachma of Aegina.

As a political center in Arcadia before construction of Megalopolis did not exist, the place of origin of the Arkady must national coins from older times are sought, at one of the country's common tribal shrines Tegea with the xoiv^ ha%ia ttSv 'AQxddwv^\ has its own city coins, and the local type does not want them in any way match the state coins. The sanctuary of Artemis Hymnia^) between Mantinea and Orchomenos was initially GrenzheiUgthum and steps far back behind Lykosura with the Sanctuaries of Despoina and that of Zeus Lykaios. The meaning of the latter is £. Curtius in his essay on the Arcadian coins (Finder and Friedländer^ contributions for older coinage, p. 89 ff.) discussed in detail. On the Olympics The peak of the Lycaion Mountains mentioned above was the great earth Altar of Zeus, in front of which two gilded eagles towards the morning stood, a little below the top of the hill was the pan-sanctuary but still belongs to the same district Further down from The hippodrome and stadium spread out from the holy site The remains of the former can still be seen today^). At regular intervals, the later mega- Lopolis broadcasted games of the Lykaia took place, initially a local festival the Parrhasians, however, and as such by Pindar celebrates, the Arkader. Is now the Arcadian national coin of the sanctuary of the 2ieus Lykaios belonging to Lykosura gone, then you have to have one next to deni sacralen at the same time essentially political in character. Well over a year-

1) PoUux IX, 74. Hultsch, Metrology 8. 1S3.

2) Break. VIII, 63, 9.

8) Curtius, Peloponuesos I, 223, 280.

4) Curtius, PeloponnesoB I, p. 800 if. 889.

Arcadian coins. 21

a hundred out, during which the Spartans and the rest Peloponnesians always only use the individual Arcadian Gantons in relation, it is the southwest of Arcadia that He has upheld the law and practiced it constantly, in the name of the whole Minting landscape coins. We hear about common Income that came to the Lycaean Zeus^), and must for the landscape here an amphication, albeit a loose one presuppose that there is at least one disstitution in the later one Time has been preserved, which is peculiar to the Amphicionia Principle of equal voting rights for its participants. As 370 Megalopolis is to be donated, send the various Districts of the Tegeates, Mantineans, Cleitorians, Parrhasians and Mäna-* Here, 2 oekists each, and it's based on the same principle the ratio of votes still in the Arcadian federal charter of the 3rd century (see below p. 40).

The only question is^ and this has been discussed several times recently Offense has been taken^): the acceptance of such a thing stands Unification of the Arcadians in harmony with what would otherwise be us about Arcadia and its relationship to Sparta in the 6th and 5th years - is handed down in a hundred?

Sparta had, since there was a subjugation of the country in Arcadia, how it was carried out in Messenia was unexplainable. was feasible, after long battles with Tegea a federal treaty closed'), which then further contracts for the remaining parts followed the landscape. Exiled as Eleomenes Goes to the beginning of the 5th century, the Arcadians are through Treaties tied to Sparta, against which the king opened them tries to deceive by calling the Arcadians joint oath of army succession at the source of the Styx near Nona

1) Schol. to Dionys Perieget, where Meineke Analecta Alexandrina p. 160 reads: 10 TOI* uivxnCov /liog IfQoVy */i[o] lag xoirai ttao^ov; [?&iattv], Curtius in Pinder-Friedlaender, contributions to older coinage p. 88. An old am. pliiktionie also assumes here Freeman, History of Federal Government I, p. 198.

2) Especially W. Viseber, Small Writings I, 824. 8) Plutarcb. Qoaest. Oraec. 5. Quaest. Rome. 52.

22 A. Because:

kris can offer a lot^). From this it follows that it is landscape at this time not in one place, even if only loosely. The connection between the individual districts was missing. At the time of Battles at Thermopylae are the Arcadians among the Spartan French allies represented with their own contingents Tegeaten (500 m.), the Mantinean (600), the Orchomenian (1 20), and one of the other arcades (1000). Soon afterwards he- they appear as l/iQxaäsg navtsg in the army of Eleombrotos the isthmus. It will be different next year. At Plataä divided are Tegeates (1500), Orchomenians (600), Lepreates (200), whereas the Mantineans only entered after the decision had been made. and are therefore on the list of victorious cities not be included by the Spartans. Mantinea is too often associated with Argos, which was won for the Persians at the time in the league, so that one should not assume that these too Delay in the leaders' fickle loyalty to the covenant had reason,^ which, however, was later rejected by her city was punished by banishment (Her. IX, 77). After all, it's straight near Plataea, where the Spartans with all their weapons Apparently, the Arcadian contingent was very weak represented and this proves how little security Sparta has in its Peloponnese sian symmachy was at that time. Some time after the Persian battle, but even before the start of the Messinian uprising, it comes in Peloponnese to open war by federating Tegea with Argos cooperative closed; First there is fighting at Tegea and This is followed by a second battle in which the entire Arcadians except the Mantineem, who remain loyal this time, against Dipaia Fencing Sparta,^). So back then the Tegeates were back in the spotlight fighters for the countryside against Sparta, as they did in the 6th year-

1) Her. VI, 74 amxofAiyos is triv *AQxa6iav vewjf ga ingiiaas nQtiyfxata dyivitov iioQXoSr ro Zivyog vitog xal ig NtoyaxQiy noliy ngo&vfjiog r^y rdiy .igxaStov Tovg npotOTcStag,

2) Her. IX, db 6 iy Tiyiy ngos TiynJTag re xal ^Agytlov^ yivofitvoq (liyctV), /ufT« (Ti 6 ^y Atnai9vai ngog Agxadag nayias nlriy Maynvi(oy\ cf. Pause. X, 9, 5 ff.

Arcadian coins. 23

a hundred were read. But the Lacedaemonians then as in those earlier battles to separate the Arcadians and with the individual cities and district associations ßfederal treaties concluded; the one between the two leading ones jealousy that existed in cities on the eastern plateau a convenient means of keeping the landscape under control However, the existence of an unification of the whole of Tarcadia based on common based on a common tribal and religious basis, it was carefully lich ignored. For an Arcadian state as a whole it would be in the There was no room for the Spartan Symraachy. The documented one Evidence of this is provided by the inscription on the snake thread Plataean tripod, where the name of the Tegeates is in 4th place stands next to the Eorinthians, the Orchomenians at 9, between Epidauriem and Phliasians, that of the lepreates last, 31st place, deliberately separated again from the Eleem, which is at the 24. are accommodated.

With such a policy as Sparta has practiced here the existence of an amphicion linked to the Lycaion Federally compatible, this has a more far-reaching significance Giving advice depended on the influence the two had larger cities, Mantinea and Tegea, claimed therein; because the diversity of the landscape, through which the individuals Gantone to separate themselves from each other and create their own literary food were made to follow, the existing agreement had to make the agreement seem much less important than its size and population of the country would have brought with it.

As far as the local coinage is concerned, we talked about it above nothing can be concluded from its existence about the position that the mints have in the community of the Have taken Arkady. The local coins can be one temporary isolation of the formative urban communities their existence Stenz, but also equal to the landscape coin- have legitimately stood by. Imhoof has (Akamanian Coins, p. 10) pointed out that the city coins from

24 ^' Because:

Herea are older than the earliest landscape coins, but at the small number of specimens in which the oldest archaeological Dish and also the oldest Heraean coins are available the priority of the latter coin may be difficult to prove.

The cessation of the older Arcadian landscape coin leaves can only be assumed to be related to that one violent discord that followed the conclusion of the ceasefire between Spartans and Athenians in the winter of Ol. 89.2=423 between Mantinea and Tegea arose, and at that time in the battle at Laodikeion in which Oresthis remained undecided ^). Mantinea had occurred while the Lacedaemonians were at war with Athens. were busy, the landscape of the Parrhasians was kept subservient power, and was therefore considered the party of Sparta's opponents gathered around Argos, a zealous ally of the latter. The Defeat of the allies against Sparta, which was controlled by the Arkadem only the Tegeates, Hereaeans and Maenalians stood by forced Mantinea to conclude peace in 417 by taking the achieved had to give up his land ownership^). In treatment Arcadia by the Spartans changed from then on valid; in the great votive gift at Delphi for glorification Clearing of Lysander's victory at Aegospotamoi (Paus. X, 9, 7) one looks for it among the representatives of the Spartan allies searched in vain for one of the Arcadians. Sparta has his policy of fragmentation of Arcadia was completed in 385, that Agesilaus took Mantinea, dissolved the city and rebuilt it who broke it down into the old four comers from which it once formed had formed; At the same time, instead of the previous demo an oligarchy favorable to Sparta was introduced. As epaminone that had triumphed over the Lacedaemonians at Leuctra, there was At least in Arcadia there was no association, and one had to be there to be renewed in a different way than it had been before.

1) Thank you. IV, 134. Foucart refers to this in the dedicatory inscription in Lebas Voyage Arch^olog. Inscr. II, sect. V n. dö2b.

2) Thuk. V, 81 ttir a^xi^ dtftTaay xtav nokitav.

Arcadian coins. 25

Illustrated on plate 11 are copies^) of the Berliner Eabinets:

n. 1. Zeus enthroned right, sending the eagle {aq>ioiog). Back. Female head right. A fl ar 2V, weight 2.95 gr.

n. 2. Zeus enthroned right, with the eagle. Rs. Female head r. . O r I a . . fl A ar 3 wt. 2.80.

n. 3. Zeus enthroned right/with eagle. Back. Female head right. ARKA ar 2V, weight 2.85.

Those in Lenormant, Histoire de la monnaie dans l'antiquit^, II, 81, expressed assumption that the xttjtixov will be in coinage inscriptions applied where there is a temple coin in return the state's sentence is already being put forward by the few people there - ten examples are no longer valid. The coins of Thespiae and Pheneos with GeoniKov and 0evix6v for the sake of their inscription for temple- Declaring coins is not permitted; the inscriptions IlavoQfjiiTixov, ^laaixov^ Nayidixov show how widespread the Ver- application of the xTTjTixov on coins of older times, and the coins of Delphi and Olympia, in which however There is a temple coin, the following is the inscription JaXcptxov and 'OlvfiTtixov only a prevailing custom at that time.

The female head on the reverse side of the Arcadian coins Curtius on Artemis Hymnia (Pinder and Friedländer, contributions p. 89) explains Leake (Numism. Hellen. Eur. p. 16 f.) for Despoina^, the daughter of Poseidon, who was worshiped at Lykosura and Demeter.

1) A closer look at these old series does not appear here- fj^brought after the detailed treatment of the same by Imhoof Zeitschr. f. Numism. III, 289-303.

2) Pausanias (VII 1 37) withholds her true name for religious reasons Concerns when describing the archaic Corinthian silver coins with the female head in the recessed square, believes Leake (Numism. Hell. Enr. p. 38) because of the unmistakable similarity of the Aphrodite statues there. head with the woman's head from the Arcadian coins of around the same time to be able to view the latter as Aphrodite. Some of the old coins from Knidos could have been used for comparison here. question All that remains is whether the individual Oötter ideals were already in the art of the 6th year. were so sharply trained in the 100s.

26 A- Because:

2. Megalopolis. Epaminondas' victory at Leuctra brought about the Pelopoimes first the Mantineans set off, with the help of the Eleans and some Arcadian cantons dissatisfied with Sparta to rebuild their city. The idea of a unification of the whole of Arcadia into one federal state was the first appeared in Tegea, but had ah that adhered to Sparta Aristocratic party found such resistance that it was about it There was a bloody party struggle that only started when the democratic one The party received immigration from Mantinea, leading to defeat and expulsion the enemy led, who were now looking for accommodation in Laconia. Now the Mantineans took the lead and were at their head the most important statesman who worked in this period cadien occurs, Lykomedes. His work was the construction of the Arkadikon. The Executiye received joint authorities, a or several strategists and a bule composed of each 5 Damiurges^) for each of the districts and districts involved in the alliance municipalities, an organization in which man- tinea and Tegea did not receive more votes than the unequal less important Eaphyatis or than the mountain canton of the Kynurians. The decision about war and peace, the right messenger to hear and send out, and the supreme decision in Everything else that affected the interest of the state as a whole, or in which this may be offended by the individual participants was, the national assembly, the Myrioi, which had to* To carry out their decisions in the Eparites, they set up their own core troops had 5,000 men at its disposal, also inland could be used. The southwest of Arcadia was until then, defenseless and exposed to the invasion of the Lacedaerians which was always open through the Belmina pass

2) The composition of the Bule only became known from the domestic writing Ton Piali, proposed by the editor, Foucart Dating to the time of the Eieomenischean War has not received attention which she deserves for the earlier history of Arcadia.

Arcadian mances. 27

had access; around the upper Alpheios level there is a daaemden To provide protection was now where at Helisson the areas the Parrhasians and Mänalians clash after the previous picture given to Argos and Elis after the Persian Wars, here the most comprehensive synoikism that history has undertaken of the Greek mainland until the beginning of the imperial period. wise, through the construction of Megalopolis. ^)

In addition to the Mänaliem and Parrhasem, Tegea also sent Mantinea and Kleitor each have 2 oekists (Paus. VIII 27, 2). where Proxenus of Tegea and Lykomedes were, that is precisely the leaders of the Centralist Party; the two Maenalians, Eucampidas and Hieronymos are still set in Demosthenes' time to Megalopolis an outstanding role, where they have the rights and To defend the claims of their city by joining Philip search.

40 rural and smaller urban communities were included, the entire upper Alpheios area, even a few communities, who at least temporarily belonged to Orchomenus, which is the Movement remained away, as Theisoa, Methydrion, Teuthis were involved in synoikism. In some places that have a prouder past, the residents resisted, the trapezoid beasts, among whom the Ait^arcadian kingship was wanted to emigrate rather than join Synoikismos. go, Lykosura was spared because of those located there Pan-Arcadian Heihgthuraer.^)

That the construction of Megalopolis is seen as a work of the unified Arcadia, shows in addition to the election of the Oikists Above all, the establishment of branches of the pan-Arcadian cult of Zeus Lykaios (Paus. VIII 30, 8) and the Megaloi Theoi (31, 1). It was a megalopolis, as it seems and not least because Xenophon the Synoikis

1) prefer the location of the capital: Gurtius, Greek History IIP 321 f. Peloponnese I, 281 f.

2) Break. VIII, 27, 3 ff.

28 R. Weü:

mos intentionally ignored, by the Arcadian centralists to political center of their newly created state. is true, the intention could not have been present as in Boeotia, where all other cities except Thebes depend gigantic country towns were pushed down in favor of megalo- polis to let the autonomy of the older cities cease, however the same had to be limited by the establishment of the xoivov. The Buleuterion of the Arcadians and the collection of the Mjrioi However, it was only later discovered in Megalopolis where Demosthenes and Aeschines as Athenian ambassadors before them talk ^), and the Arcadian koinon was essentially limited on the urban area of Megalopolis. But the claim of one Representation of the entire Arcadia would be in the Megalopolis time of renewed fragmentation of the landscape, if such a general representation was not previously intended for him was. These claims are most concise on the coins Expression found. The coinage of the Arcadian League') takes their types from the Gülten who were transplanted to Megalopolis the Lycaean Zeus and Pan; the same guys have im Beginning of the third century, with the beginning of the city name inscribed, instead of the federal monogram of the Arcadians on the City coins of the megalopolitans were used (see below Head of Zeus with laurel wreath 1st back. Pan sitting on the rock with paedum and shepherd's flute /P. Small on the rock: OAYM (Berlin, depicted on plate 11 n. 4; Paris, London). ar. 5V, weight 11.95. — XAPI (Haag, Zeitschr. for Numism. HI 288 plate VH n. 1.)

Panskopf 1. Rf. Ä large, including the Syrinx Berlin, ab- formed table n n. 5. ar ly, wt. 0.87

1) Demosth. de falsa le^at. 10. 11. Vg\. Vischer Small Writings I. S. S53.

2) The Arcadian didrachms were first associated with O. Möller. brought with the construction of Megalopolis, Annal. d. Inst. Arch. YII (1835) P. 167 ff. Art Archaeol. Works IV, 71 ff. Their significance for the Mänzge- Layer of the Peloponnese later clarified: Warren Federal Coinage p. 82.

Arcadian coins. 29

Pan head r. Rf. R large, PO Berlin shown below

Plate I n. 6. ae 4

Panskopf Rf. ® large, including the syrinx, in field 1. ©E

Berl., Mionnet 11 245 n. 14. 15. Mionnet Suppl. IV 273 n. 15 ae 3

Likewise RF, i? large, below Syrinx and Paedum, above

sideways from the monogram P[O] Berlin ae 3

Zeus head Rf. ^. large, danmter Syrinx, at the top of the field ©E

Alionnet Suppl. IV 273 n. 15 ae 4

Head of Zeus 1. Rf. Pan sitting on the rock 1. in the field

Federal monogram and I. Berlin, ill. Plate U n. 11.

ar 3. Weight 2.88 Younger triobola series:

Head of Zeus 1. RF Pan on the rock with the eagle. Same Monogram. Berlin ar 3 weight 2.33

Standing on the copper that belongs to the early days of the Confederation nO and 0E as magistrate names, according to the time these could be the The beginning of the names of the two Oekists of the Parrhasians: UoaaixQdTrjg and Q^o^evog (Paus. VIII 27, 2). On the other hand, it is up to them the beginning of the name written on the didrachms on the rock OAYM and XAPI no reason not to use them on die cutters ^) to relate to; In the Peloponnese, however, these are currently the only ten artist inscriptions on coins, in the same period but and in some cases these can be found just a little earlier in Thessaly and in Chalcidice.

3. Centralists and Federalists.

The high expectations placed on Synoikismos Megalopolis could be tied, the same has not been fulfilled. At Megalopolis, Epaminondas had much less right be regarded as the founder of the city (Paus. VIII 27, 2). This was the case with Messene, who was freed by him.

1) So too, although doubtful, Imhoof, Zeitschr. f. Numism. III, 289. Different V. Sallet, Journal. f. Num. II, 139 f. About the occurrence of Eänsilemamen on Honzen clay Thessaly and the Chalcidice Tgl. y. Sallets night too the artist inscriptions from the Greek Mönzea. Magazine f. Nom. II 5 f.

30 B. Because:

After the Battle of Leixktra, the Arcadian Centralists initially thought of an alliance with Athens, and only when she not being heard there, they turned to Thebes (Demosth. XYI 12, Diodorus XV 62). Lykomedes wanted Arcadia, as the most combative of the Hellenic tribes, as well as Thebes Grant hegemony to Sparta. This led the Arcadians to to gradually alienate themselves from Thebanem, and as in the year 366 the Athenians because of the loss of Oropos from the Spartan Symmachie renounced to enter into an alliance with them. On the return from Athens, where the treaty was concluded had come, Lykomedes was exiled, who Arcadian oligarchs murdered; the centralists had lost their leader in him, and from that point on This is when the decomposition of the barely created structure begins. national state.

The campaign against Elis, where the Arcadians defeated the Democrats sought to support the party, and together with the Pisates Undertaken Olympic celebration of the year 364 = Ol. 104 has the Arkady forced his hand at the Olympic temple treasures to pay their eparites out of it; back then they were Gold coins were minted with the inscription ni2A^). As The Mantineans were the first to object to this sacrilege rebelled, and despite the opposition of the Arcadian aQxovreg^)^ who feared being held accountable, their claims view also prevailed in the Myrioi assembly. There

1) Gurtius, ZeitBchr. f. Numism. IL p. 27. P. Gardner, Goins of Elis, Num. Chron. 19, 8. 261.

2) So called by Xenoph. Hellen. VII, 1, 24; 4, 38. That this is not yours Freeman History of federal government already had the real title I, p. 203 recognized; Apparently what is meant is the Safitogyot of the federal document. What position the TtgoaiuTai ione had, which according to Xenophon 4, 33 dem Gollegium belonged to the agxovres remains uncertain. In the deed of Tegea (below p. 40) counts the Bale, 60 Demiurges as members; if s&mmt- lish Gantons of Arcadia were represented in the league, which was at the time of writing the document was not the case, it had to count more than 80.

ArkadiBcbe Monzen. 31

As no more wages were paid, the poorer people had to from the Eparites j who from nan onwards completely aas the Class of the wealthier was formed, an essential one Strengthening of the aristocratic element. The democratic ones Gentralists, whose followers are primarily in Tegea and the southern When Arcadia was near, the Thebans called for intervention. The Aristocratic Federalists had their center in Mantinea. The neighboring Orchomenos, which does not belong to the state as a whole had occurred, and Heraea, which soon after the construction of Megalopolis had been synoikized by Archidamos now, for their part, peace between the Arcadian Federalists and Elis, to give the Thebanem the pretext for armed invasion. mixture would be withdrawn.

The news of the impending invasion of the EPA minondas across the isthmus, brought the xoivov in Arcadian existing cleavage to open fracture. Like Lykomedes Federal treaty concluded with Athens for the whole of Tarcadia then remained in force even after his death ^ ), so was now in the same interest, for fear of the Theban Hegemony, by the Federalists led by Mantinea^), which is referred to in the document we received as oi ^^Qxddeg- nen, the alliance with Athens was renewed with the involvement of Achaia, Elis and Phlius") and at the same time also by members The Eparites brought about an alliance with Sparta.

1) At the bases on the floor of the Altis are on the Arcadian side with involved '^^va/o^v Inntiq ntQl rtrgaxoaiovs'. Xenoph. Hellen. VIT, 4, 29.

2) Characteristic of that directed against the Theban intervention Politics of the Arcadian Federalists is the expression with which they use Xenophon VII, 5, 1 describes in more detail MavjivtXi xai idir äXX

3) Corp. Inscr. Attic. II, bl^ and 112. Detailed discussion found has the certificate from U. Eohler, Communications of the Archaeol. Institute I, 200 ff. Böckh has in the Corp. looser. Graec. II, 2108" an image found in the Erimm fragment of writing was published, which contains the beginning of a Khrendecret: "Eöo^v roK * AQxaaiy AtLxn>va[top 2a'iJu]gov Üayiixanaftay. According to Bockh's explanation These are relationships that were established by Arcadian mercenaries with the

32 B. Weü:

The Arcadians stood on the battlefield of Mantinea both camps. When the battle was inconclusive, they agreed one agrees on a contract according to which everyone pays home should return, the Thebans would therefore lose their hegemony Epaminondas' death was unstoppable anyway, giving up and had to vacate the Peloponnese. Everything should be in the peninsula stay with the old, even a part of the synoikism of The Western squad, which was included in Megalopolis, signed the contract as if they were returning to their old homes could. The construction of the city had private interests damaged in many ways^ than that, after the synoi- Kismo's court arrangements had not been fulfilled, opposition would not arise immediately. The management the more distant property was too much for the owners difficult. Only the old communities were completely dissolved a few, everyone else made up a large part of the population have to give up, lost their political independence, and were have become demens towards the capital. At the man- tineem and her allies, this opposition found support, and a new intervention from the Thebans was needed to already emigrants to return to Megd^lopolis bring (Diodorus. XV 94).

Since then, Megalopolis has presented the unpleasant picture of one Pohtik, which claims to represent the whole of Tarcadia, but just to protect themselves from the jealousy of their own Arcadian neighbors to protect cities, to constantly lean on foreign states seeks; the megalopolitans are therefore from the Peloponnesians who first came under Philip's influence, stand at the uprising the Peloponnesians under King Agis (330) alone on Antipaters side, and have retained their sympathies for Macedonia until to the time of the Achaean League. —

King Lenkon I of Bosporus was attacked. For the inner However, the fragment cannot be used in the layer of Arcadia because it is on a more precise timing is missing

Arcadian coins. 33

In terms of urban mints, Arcadia has at this time section apart from the previously existing ones from Tegea Man- tinea Stymphalos Pheneos Eleitor and Thelpusa also the others from Orchomenos Alea Eaphyae and occasionally Methydrion. What the characteristics of the Thessalian given by Friedlaender Art*) for the coins there is particularly well explained Pre-administration of Localmy then, which gets onto the coin image, applies under similar conditions also from Arcadia. Both I^and- Shafts are excluded from larger commercial traffic due to their location closed, and in political life always predominantly with the local special interests, deny this binary There is no country-like character on the coin images either.

Thelpusa leads on its relatively old silver coins already the head of Demeter Erinny and the reverse side of the horse EPinN that the alliance of Poseidon and Demeter is his should owe its origin, and on an imperial coin of the same The town of Imhoof has the depiction of the legend of Pan and Syrinx found 2). In Stymphalos it is the Heracles legend which is used; the swamp bird's head becomes a sweeping page type made^). In Tegea, copper coins bear the name Telephos boy is represented, the son of Augen, whom the hind woman suckles*), on copper coins from the beginning of the Roman period Athena, the daughter of her young priestess, the daughter of Cepheus Sterope, the amphora with the locks of Medusa presented to the Protection of the city against enemy danger*). From the individual Green cities, which in legend were considered to be sons of Arkas, We find Heraeeus depicted as a hunter in Heraea Roman times in Tegea the Aleos^).

1) Monthly reports from the Berlin Academy d. W. 1878. P. 448 ff

2) Imhoof, Zeitflchr. for numism. I. 1873 p. 125 ff. 134 f.

3) Eckhel D. N. II. 297. Mionnet II. 254 n. 62. Suppl. IV. 292 n. 111.

4) Eckhel D. N. II. 298. Mionnet II. 256 n. 69. 70. Suppl. IV. 117. 118.

5) Here, too, the correct interpretation of Paus's representation rings true. VIII. 47, 5. Apollod. II, 7, 3, 5 already from Eckhel, D. N. II, 299.

6) Heraeeus: Friedlaender, Zeitschr. f. Numism. VII, p. 215. Aleos, with Attachment AAEOi:: Eckhel II, 299. Mionaet II, 256 n. 73.

3

34 R- Because:

These representations were taken from the Local legend after the year 370, whose events are the Arcadian Coins have been redesigned, as has the copper there money does not last beyond this point in time. For the hero on the coins of Mantinea with the reverse side of the burning one Altars still lacks any appealing explanation, but So much seems to be certain^ that the type, which is on silver how copper occurs evenly, with the reconstruction of Mantinea is to be associated^). In Orchomenos, where The Anchises legend is localized in the warrior who is in depicted in a calm posture with a spear held out at an angle Aeneas (see image) can be recognized^). Under the entrance flow of the Arcadian unity movement and in unmistakable In contrast, here the ancestral legend is emphasized in the type the shooting Artemis and the fatally shot Callisto with the Arkaskinde'); the same imprint then has methyl

1) Hionnet II, 248 n. 82. Soppl. IV, 279 n. 46. Leake Num. HeUen. Eur. p. 69. The altar as a reverse side is only on the earliest silver coins available in this series.

2) Aeiieas in Arcadia: Dionysus. Halicam. Antique Rome. I. 49 hegot 6k Ix ^Qaxtii araniiiaavftQ autoy *d(os*uiQxaS(as nagßxofjiiCovoir, Oixijaat d^ kiyovaip fv *0(>/o,(/f 1^4^ ^^ '^ *A()xaSi3cn) xal ttj Nijotp Xiyofiivi^ xafnfg ovarji fjnao^^oyt vno TtXfittnov xai norafdov ids ie xaXovfiivaq Kanvtxiy Alvtiov ii xal Tgtuwr anoxiiaty (Uat. Curtius Peloponnese I, 281. Eaphyae named after Kapys, the grandfather of Aeoea. Steph. Byz. s.v. Kaifvui» The Anchiaes Mountain, at the foot of which is the Ancbises tomb in the immediate vicinity of the Aphrodite Sanctuary was shown; Pause. YIII, 12, 8 and 9. Curtius, Peloponnese I, 8. 248 f. — According to this, the orchomeoic monse is similar to that of Aeneia. to be included, cf. Friedlaender monthly report. d. Berl. Academy d. W. 1878. 8. 785 if.

8) This is what I believe with Imhoof, Vienna Numismatic Journal IX 1877 8. 25, which, however, was similar in its conception to the Niobids (compare

Arcadian coins. 35

drion after it broke away from Megalopolis again said in order to document myself as an orchomenic foundation.

In a similar sense to the coins of Orchomenos, as I believe, also the types on the wonderful didrachms be explained by Pheneus and Stymphalos. For the Arcadian Confederation is established in the same way as with the Chalkidiem It may be assumed that the minting of the large silver was reserved for the federal government; then one becomes the didrachms can be assigned to around the time of the Battle of Mantinea, where the Federalists of Central and Northern Arcadia opposed the Cen- tralists of Megalopolis stand. This means that you get it here too highlighting the Arkas legend's importance. The Arkas, the child of Zeus and Callisto, the progenitor of the Ar- Cadian people, brings Hermes, as the legend said, to the Maia, after the nymph grotto of Kyllene, in the area of Pheneos * ) (Plate II n. 8. Berlin). The simultaneous didraquinone

Friedland Archaeol. Zeitung 29, p. 79 f.) group. This one The given representation that Artemis shoots Callisto evades the obvious - the Grande from the usual form of the legend, according to which Callisto from the on Zeus' jealous Hera is transformed into a bear, and Artemis then takes care of her For the sake of Hera, she shoots the bear (Paus. VIII, 3, 6). The tomb of Callisto mentioned Pausanias VIII, 38, 8 on the side route from Trikolonoi via Anemosa according to Methydrion, its location cannot be determined exactly (Curtius Peloponnesus I, 309). Based on the coin type, it is likely that it was still in the area of methydrion. The bronze coin of Methydrion, “which depicts the writing MEGYJP/ESIN and the female figure hit by an arrow a small child fidgeting on the floor next to her," Imhoof a. a. 0. to be published

1) Apollodorus. III 8, 2, 5 anolonii^rj; KaDnajovs Zivq i6 ßQicpoq ttQnaang iv 'ÄQxadia dldtoaiv avaiq^cpiiv Maitf^ TtQoattyomvaaq ^Aoxada, — Perfect One Even than the Didrachmon pictured here, the one without an inscription, Peace- Laender-Sallet, Kgl. Coin cabinet n. 153 plate 11; more alive than in all the others, What is otherwise attributed to Praxiteles today comes to us here with the artistic style of the Olympian Hermes. The Stempelsrhneider in Pheneos stands Admittedly under the praxitelic influence, but he stays away from copying; how confidently and freely he invents proves the downside of the Drachma of Pheneos (in the British Museum) unmistakably by the same hand that made the second Didrachms worked: Hermes 1. sat down on a rock, which on Chlamys assembled in the neck falls over the neck as in the second didrachmon back, and from the right arm to the thigh, the hat hangs on the neck, the

3*

36 R- Because:

Yon Stymphalos (Plate II n. 7) with Heracles, who stymphalian birds then receive a similar treatment. drawing, like the snake-strangling Heracles boy on the sta- teren that concluded between Chios Samos Rhodes and Miletus Symmachy of the year 394 and on the late Theban Di- drachmcn from the time of the Battle of Chaeronea^). Ent- This didrachm coinage was the major money of the Arcadian Federalists opposed to the Arcadian federal money of Me- galopolis.

In Tegea is around the time of the construction of Megalopolis On silver and copper coins the reverse type is copied from the Simultaneous Aias coins from the Opuntian Lokrians, in the Haitang and armament faithful even down to the shield mark of the griffin, which is occasionally visible on the inside of the shield^). The person depicted, previously mistakenly referred to as Telephus, is obvious Cephcus, the oldest Tegeate king and ally of Heracles against Sparta*). The copper coins of this type, the obverse side shows the head of Athena, all without exception wear between the The hero's legs have the monogram ^, sometimes and straight on the best worked complete J^ (Plate II n. 9). On copper coins of Pheneos with the obverse of Artemis right arm raised rests the staff on the rock ^ENE, the front side typoB, on the other hand (Ay. female head 1. with pointed leaves) forms the female head further, which refers to the Syraknsan decadrachms and tetradrachms of the Euainetos and Cimon goes back; about the political circumstances that Influence of the Syraknsan coin on that of the Greek motherland country in its wake, see my comments in the Annual Report for Age- thums-Wissenschaft III, p. 427 f.

1) Waddiogton Revue Numismat. 1863, p. 223 ff. Imhoof, Vienna Numism. Magazine 1877. P. 41.

2) On a particularly carefully crafted copy of the local collection lung, which is one of the oldest with this type, and also the complete one Monogram J^ leads.

8) Apollodorus. II 7, 3, 5 f. That the type is not like Otto Jahn Archaeol. Essays p. 166 wanted to go back to the figure of Telephos in the gable of the Athena Alea- could go, since he is only Gopie of the Locrian didrachms, and also in the Thessalian Trikka occurs, Friedlaender has already noted, Sessions Ber. the Berlin Academy of Sciences 1878. P. 461.

Arcadian coins. 5t

head r. offers the flip side with the grazing horse, in the section the monogram of an official's name, between the legs of the the same monogram as the horse coins discussed Tegea ff and ^ (Plate II n. 10). On coins of other Arcadian I haven't been able to prove the monogranmi in cities yet, but I can I like the often poor preservation of these copper coins to bear guilt; I also don't know of an example of a silver coin appeared in the monogram. Because the iP with the monogram of the Arcadian landscape coins, and at the the same place where on Locrian silver coins the Y» (^Ynoxvrjf^itdiwv^ is found'), can only be found here the same sense as the X in the phthiotic Achaeans^) be the badge of an Arcadian federal coin. Showed up is the same thing not at a much later time, but at the same time- in time with the opening of the minting of the pan-Arcadian coins; At that time the Arcadian cities had their own coin do not want to let it go, but the copper, as far as can be seen, marked with the monogram of the Arcadian League entire Arcadian unity movement is after the first attempt will soon come to a standstill, so it can't continue. fall if only on coins from (so far) two cities However, Tegea has an appearance like that Quite numerous coins of this type teach longer than Pheneos adhered to the addition of the federal monogram, it also kept the connection with megalopolis longer, than the northern Arcadian cities.

1) About this most recently Imhoof, Zeitscbr. for NumiBm. VII p. 16 f. Incidentally It may be noted here that the inscription uiOKP£iN with the Monofirramm did not yet occur in the time of Epominondas, the Aias coins from this Time rather always OIIONTIUN traj^en; the landscape is later their /^ij- took a different position towards iQonolis.

2) Journal for Numismatics (1878) I p. 175 f. . Lenormant Histoire de U monnaie II 90

38 R- W6Ü: .

4. Megalopolis and the younger Koivov toiv iMQxddcov.

The speech represented the entire Arcadia za, how its coins prove Megalopolis until the beginning of the 3rd year- maintained for about a hundred years. ^ Antigonos Gonnatas had himself secured his influence in the Peloponnese through the appointment of tyrannyu. At the time of the Chremonidean War The much-celebrated Aristodemus already ruled in Megalopolis, but a political connection between the cities of Arcadia didn't exist back then; the King Areas of Sparta and his Allies Ptolemy Philadelphus, the Eleem, Achaeem and Cretans had settled in Arcadia: Tegeates, Mantineans, Orchomenians, Phialeer and Kaphyeer connected. (Corp» Inscr. Attic. 11 n. 332). Probably a little earlier, at the latest Aristodemos' reign has begun with the Megalopolis so far to issue pan-Arcadian types of municipal coins; the silver money shows the same style as the better coins of the Achaean Federal and reaches down to the entrance of Megalopolis in the covenant (234).

The coins belonging here are initially triobols average weight of Gr. 2.38.

Head of Zeus 1st Rf. Seated Pan with the eagle MEF with Monograms and magistrate names: "E (illustrated plate U n. 12). iP. A A . AI. AI AE. =N . Copper money is a little more varied:

Head of Zeus 1st Rf. in the erect oak wreath, the syrinx, underneath MEF, on the sides the municipal names KAA and AE ae 47,

Likewise Rf, likewise, next to the syrinx ME T, above AE, including KAA. see Mionnet. P. XV 272 n. 14. ae 3Vj

1) The fate of Arcadia has been deliberately overlooked above Lamic Wars and the first Diadochi period. Za certainly follow the few well-known places of honor of the Macedonian rulers in the peloton at the time. ponnes minted Alexander coins belong to Megalopolis, which is in mono- gram and the Syiiux located under it is called.

Arcadian coins. 39

Zeus head 1. 12/. Pan sitting on the rock in the upper directed wreath I/E F, AE and 2 monograms 9f^ii see Mionnet. 11 250 n. 44, Suppl IV 281 n. 55 ae 5 previous year Zeus head 1. Rf. Eagle r. on the lightning in the erect Wreath ME, P < W (illustrated plate II n. 14, Berlin) ae 4 Likewise Rf, Likewise ¥E T m. the same. monograms ae 4 V, Likewise RJ, likewise MET m. the same. Monograms ae 4-37» see Mionnet, Suppl. IV. 281 n. 256. Despite his victory over Akrotatos of Sparta, Aristo- demos before 251 murdered by the two academics Ekdemos and Demophilos, the students of Akusilaus and ^their- on the other hand, teachers of Philopömen, who left their hometown Me- galopolis returned to freedom for a few years. ^ ) Un- The most recent Arcadian influence was forced into this period Copper coins, which represent the one just described from Megalopolis must have been temporarily interrupted:

Head of Zeus 1st Rf, in the hanging oak wreath Ä?, underneath the syrinx (pictured on plate II n. 13, Berlin) ae 47» Likewise Rj\ the same, but rougher work Berlin ae 3 Likewise R/. in the oak wreath Ä, including syrinx and fulmen.

Leake Num. Hellen. Eur. p. 18 ae 4-372

Athena head 1. Rf. i? in the Olivenkranz Berlin ae 3. After that, apparently through the overthrow of tyranny of Aristodemus, a renewed erection of the xoivov twp l^Qxddwv has been made possible by the im Previously mentioned repeatedly, found by Foucart in Tegea Inscription of the Arcadian League there was a customer, in the Procedural Decree of the Arcadians for an Athenian Phylar chos^). That Phigalia and part of the cantons of Northern Arcadia

1) PIntarcb. Pbilopoemen 1, Plutarch. Arat. 4.

2) The inscription first published by Foucart, l[^moires pr^sent^s k TAcademie des Inscriptions, Series I tome VIII, 1874. p. 98 ff., later sound him

40 ^ Because:

at the time when the decree was drawn up, in the Arcadian League are not represented, the dating given here^) does not correspond in the way Lepreon had not yet returned to Elis at that time. fell behind and was therefore able to represent the Arcadians in the Bule because the TriphyUers didn't want Eleer^ at all, but because they apply to arcaders. But if the Eynuria, which once... belonged to megalopolitics, in the inscription with its own de- miurgen appears, we learn from the document that this canton was then again in possession of his independence and the same applies to a part of the Maenalians, who together with the A fivefold number of demiurges is assigned to lepreats. The in not mentioned in the federal document, apparently the federal government times are also non-member cantons, apart from Phil- galia, only those on the northern edge of Arcadia. The border cantons All of them here: Psophis, which was in our hands at the time his border neighbor, the Eleer, was (Polyb. IV 70. 72),

repeated in Leba's Voyage Arch^ologique iDser. vol. II, part. 2, section V n. 340*, reads: i^ios' tvxn' iJo^ty i^< ßovkrii ftüv 'Aoxdiwy xul lois ftv^oig *Pvktt{}XOv Avatx^atovq *AOriyaloy ngo^kvov xa\ ivegy^irir flyai *Agxddtay nnyiüty avxoy xa\ yiyoi' dttfuogyoi oTJe ^oay* Ttyiniai *t*atdg(ttQ ^Agt- aioxgdjtji Nixag^Oi Siyone^i^ri^ /lauoxgaUdag. Maiyakiot*Aylt»q EvyeiiO' yiJas Sfyotpaiy, Atngftttai ^Inniag rddmgoi* MiyaXonokttai *dg£atfoy Blvas 'Ag^ixpioi ^Aigtaiöttti Fogyiai Zf^Cv^tq flktiatUgos NTxig Aciag^os Jlolvxdgrig. Atayiiyrjs ^aiJgoe Fd^og EvöttfiC^ai datoigaioq Xagi(öag, Kvyovgioi Tifioxgdiijg KakltxXrjg^ Attcpdyrfiy ,ais £ATZ. 'Og^OfA^yioi Evyiijüjy ^Afivyiag Tldficpikog lluvaayCag Kakkfag, Kk[ri\i6gtoi Triklfjiaxog ^Akxfiay Aioj^vTrjg /Ittfidytiog Ilgoityog, 'Jlgafg *Akf^txgdifjg 2tfA(ag 0*6- nofATtog ^Ayiag * Innoa&iyrig, Btkif.ovatot Ilokiag ^Akt^iag *Ex(ag flavon- yCag Avxtog,

1) Foucart had believed that in the Phylarchus mentioned here, the historical Cleomenes' scribe and friend, and the inscription to Kleomenes to be able to assign war to the time period that only lasted a few months space between the capture of Megalopolis by King Cleomenes and the Battle of Sellasia (222 BC), so Cleomenes also had this reconstruction of the xoiyby fäjy Agxdötuv would be attributable. That this dating is not tenable sei has Droysen, Hellenism III 2, p. 131 note and more detailed M. Klatt, Research on the history of the Achaean League p. 94 ff. (Berlin 1877) Already shown, the possibility of the document after the fall of the TyrAunis To set Aristodemos, Droysen a. a. 0. admitted.

Arcadian mods. 41

Eynaitha, which, due to its enclosed location in the mountain cauldron isolated on the northern slope of Aroania from Arcadia joined the Achaeans early on, although not permanently had ^), and the whole northeast with Pheneos, Kaphyae, Stym- phalos and Alea, where the influence of the Achaeans and them counteracting the Argive tyrants asserted themselves will have. In the Ice Age, Stymphalos and Alea are not included in Arcadia, but form part of the Argolid (Paus. VIII 22.1. 23.1) »)

But the restored Arcadian alliance is permanent, which we become as the work of Ekdemos and Damophanes be allowed to look at it,') just as little as that of the Ly- komedes, because by 244 Megalopolis was already under one again Tyranny comes to pass, that of Lydiadas.

RucL Because

1) Polyb. IX 17. Freeman Eist, of Federal OoTemment I, 810. 403.

2) Also in the inscription R indicated Antiqu. Hellen II 959, where death Qeld bnaaen the speech is, which are ao an argivis shrine za numbers, will the xotyor 7

3) Ekdemos and Damophanes were later called to Cyrene to regulate the constitution of this city, which was torn apart by party struggles (Flood. Pbilopoem. 1). Barclay V. Head, Guide to the select coins p. 86 brings with you their stay in Cyrene in relation to the Cyrenaean Mänzreibe, which took place KYPA has the address KOiNON. Then they would have the Federal ▼recorded, which they restored to their homeland, also on transferred to Cyrenaica. Of course, the proof of beer will only come through carry out a detailed analysis of the Cyrenaean coins.

Unfinished ounces from Eypate.

JtLypate, which was also called Hypata ^ ), in the Spercheiosthale on Located at the foot of the Oete mountain, it was the capital of the Aenia neD. During the war between the Romans and the Aetoliem she stood on the side of the latter and was also once the seat of the Aetolian Federal Council ^). Hypate then became finally in 192 B.C. Conquered by the Romans in 200 BC, and by At this time nothing is reported about this city until the sixth centuries, where it is cited by Hierocles. °)

The women of Hypate were like the rest of Thessaly are famous for their magical arts. Maybe it depends this reputation with the use of those located close to the city Healing springs that were already visited in ancient times, ^) and the hellebore, which grows very luxuriantly in the area, together. ^)

In the Middle Ages, Hypate was a flourishing city and bishop's seat, was called New Patrae and was known as the seat of the despots from Thessaly until 1318. After this time are The city's fortunes varied greatly until it was conquered

1) Steph. Byz. u W. "Ynaitj.

2) Tit. Liv. XXXVI, 28. - Polyb. XX, 9, 11. XXI, 2, 3.

3) Hierocl. 642.7. Vol. Psrthey.

4) Stephani, travel through some areas of northern Greece. p. 52 ff.

5) Theophr. Are, plan. IX, 10, 2. — Plin. Bist. Nat. XXV, 21.

Unedited coin from Hypate. 43

by the Turks, who baptized it at Patradzik. The city's old name has been given to it since independence of Greece.

No coin from Hypate was known to date. We The illustration and description are public here for the first time an unedited coin, which adds one to the old numismatics city is enriched.

Zeus head to the right. A lightning bolt on the back of the head. Rf. YHATAinN. Pallas standing, Nike in his right hand holding the lance in his left hand. At her feet on the left is the shield.

Copper. 3.

Athens. Paul Lambros.

(From modern Greek).

*5

TJnedirte Utlnze UiGhael's Faläologas, the Emperor of Nicaea.

(1260-1261).

Ibeodore Iioscaris, the Emperor of Nicaea, acceded His son Johann Loscaris died in 1259 successor; But since he was only eight years old, he entrusted him Dying Patriarch Arsenius and Protovestiar George MuzaloQ with the guardianship of his son. Michael paleo but logus, who long after the highest reign sought to provoke the army against Muzalon, which held him for nine days murdered after the death of the emperor. Then it happened Michael Palaeologus, who was not involved in the murder his pretended to be the protector of the young emperor, and after he attracted the patriarch and the magnates to his side, he took over the government and appropriated the dignity of a great Herzogs too. Then he made himself a despot and after four For months he pushed the legitimate heir to the throne aside and became crowned Emperor of Nicaea on January 1, 1260 but Caesar Strategopulos returned to Constantinople on July 26, 1261 acquired, Michael Palaeologus moved the seat of the empire to

Unedited coin of Hicbaer Palaeologos, the Emperor's Ton Nicaea. 45

the Eaiserstadt, where he appeared for the second time in the church of the* Hagia Sophia was crowned. He ruled until his death, which took place on December 11, 1282.

All coins are those described by Sabatier Gold and copper coins are known, which Michael Paleologus since the restoration of the Empire until his death ConstantiDopel has coined. But so far it hasn't been a coin published from the time of Michael's reign in Nicaa. And yet it can be seen from a coin that I recently discovered reveals that this fame-seeking man was already during his Short reign in Nicaea hastened to mint coins. It Here is the illustration and description of the one in question unedited coin.

M—OV. M — O nAAGOAOr(0)C. The Mother of God standing, the halo around her head, the one on her right Blessing the emperor standing on the side. The emperor holds in his right hand Hand holds the cross, but in the left a roll of parchment.

/?/. (^ TPy-4>nN. Saint Thryphon standing from the front, the halo around his head, holds the cross in his right hand Copper.

The coins of Michael Palaeologus, which were in Constanti- nopel were embossed, bear either the on the back Mother of God in the city walls, or the emperor's equal named Archangel Michael. On the coin we have but St. Tryphon is depicted, which is not on any coin can be seen from Constantinople. This circumstance proves that Our coin was minted in Nicaea because of this saint, there he under the emperor Trajan Decius in Nicaea in 249 Suffered martyrdom, he was revered as the patron saint of the city. Like the saints Demetrius and Eugenius, the patron saints of Thessalonica, and Trebizond on the coins of these two cities, St. Thryphon was named in those of Nicaea pictured. It is not the first time that we have met this saint- on a coin from Nicaea, but he comes

46 Pftul Lfttnbros.

still on a coin of Emperor Theodore Lioscaris, which described and illustrated by Sabatier. But in that the learned numisroaticists the monogram in the field, which TPY4>nN za was deciphered incorrectly, he read it Holy Tryphon is held for Saint Demetrius. Last be noted here that from the coins that Sabatier Theodor III. Lascaris attributes only the two gold ones in the tablet LXY Nos. 2 and 3 and the one copper one in panel LXVI No. 1 belong to the above-mentioned emperor, but all the rest belong to me According to Theodore Angelus, the Emperor, no doubt from Thessalonica.

Athens. Paul Lambros.

(From modern Greek).

The Borbecker firosclien of the SopMa, &rä£n von bleachen, living in Essen.

*S3maTVS»PaTRVS*3i;POSTOLVS*DI

Knee piece of the apostle^ with key and book; in the field r. Shield m-cross, 1st shield m. lions.

RJ. Shield with shear beam BatteBICTV>SIT*aOH8>DRr*

nRi«i

Inner legend: GRO-SVS-BOR-BaO, divided by a footed cross with a star in each corner.

Dm. 25'". Weight 2.04 gr. The tone of Mr. P. Stenzel in the Harzrein magazine XIII, 2S9 £F. described Mürtzfand yon GOntersberge in the Harz, also brought a slightly different copy of Grote's Mzstndd. III. p. 457 f. and there plates 12, 14 The pictured penny of the abbess Sophia of Essen (1459 to 1489), tested at Borbeck, a castle near this one place. The copy of the Gontereberger find is mine collection passed.

48 Dr. A. Diininf^:

Great copy, now in the Eönigl. Cabinet in Berlin, has on the /?/. ßOMQ' . . . . BRI^I, but otherwise is the same as a whole mine same. Dannenberg's copy, from the latter in the Addendums on Essen coinage at Grote a. a. O. IV, p. 307 mentioned, is now also in the Königl. Cabinet closed Berlin. Unlike the other two, it shows ßOIlfl* Dßr^^ßRI'; the one on the two otheril specimens according to ßRI The appearing letter I (= Jesus) is missing here*).

So there are 3 stamp differences. — That on End of the transcription of the Hf, appearing DI can be done nothing other than “Domini ^ resolve. Instead of the on Dannen- Bergs and my copies clearly Dßl v^ill Grote a with guess a word beginning with a (still recognizable) Ti but not a suitable one. However, there is no question that aut his copy Dßl stood; from an Ä, like me Mr. Prof. v. Sallet kindly informs you at the relevant point No trace to be discovered. What a word should too probably stood between noun and nostri, especially since the words belong to an old formula!

So much for determining the individual stamp differences features of this rare piece.

But I haven't got this piece at the 3rd now. Described again for the sake of familiar stamps, but rather around the Grote a. a. O. III, p. 419 f., 451). Question about the gender to which the abbess Sophia belongs probably as well as her brother, the abbot Conrad von Werden (1454 until 1474), to decide. I hope from this little- ^ at least some, even if partly only negative, light into the difficult and due to the lack of clarity about the point mentioned even more confused question about the Essen and Wer-

1) After proper approval by Prof. ▼. Sallet, who this environment status has been determined with certainty. The one at Grote a. a. 0. initial level reading, according to which Dannenbarg claims to have read nri J on his copy without a doubt on a dragon error for nri\

The Borhecker Grosen of Sophia, Aebtissio Ton Essen. 49

to bring the coat of arms that appeared on the coins of that time. — What first of all is the degree of relationship between Sophie and Con- As far as rads are concerned, so far we can probably only get them from Bucelin, Germania Topo-Chrono-Stemmatographica Sacra et profana II, 146 The well-known note that both were G siblings is no longer with us Grote a. a. O. S. 418 raise a slight doubt because we are in favor of it be able to provide documentary evidence, i)

In the in the king). State archives in Münster Kindlinger's manuscripts (II, p. 283) is a document Handen from the year 1461 “op der hilligen three Eoning dagh^, in which ^Conrad van Glychon Abbot to Werden and Sophie van Glychen sin Suster Abdisse to Essende^ appear as witnesses.

Now as far as gender is concerned, which siblings belonged, it should first be mentioned that according to the factual the custom of the “Count’s Fräuleinstift” Essen over- Only members of the higher nobility were accepted into it (cf. Lacomblet, Urk.-Buch I, 69 and note). The idea of ​​middle-class origins, which Mr. Dr. Grote a. a O. P. 420 expresses, therefore everyone is missing out Probability. In addition, on everyone's seals Existing documents from Abbess Sophia as well as the Abbot Conrad von Werden a lion shield appears so that So the designation “van Gluchen”, “de Glychen^, “de Borrowed^ and "van Gelychen" which they have in their documents, on theirs Seals and coins lead to certainty about their descent from the famous family of the Counts of Gleichen in Thuringia' wise, whose coat of arms shows a lion in the heart shield.

So if you also look at Bucelin a. a O. in his Report about Abbot Conrad, a frequently occurring name the same as a count and also those from the 15th century

1) The archifal coverings, which I present in the following, I TerdaDke the extremely friendly courtesy of the senior archi^ar, Dr. Harless and the ArchiY^ecret&rs Dr. Bndrnlat in Düsseldorf. The latter in particular has been extremely eager to support me. I speak My deepest thanks to the gentlemen mentioned here.

4

TTnedirte MUnze Hichaers Faläologus, the Emperor of Nic&a.

(1260-1261).

Xheodor Lascaiis, the Emperor of Nicaea, agreed His son Johann Lascaris died in 1259 successor; But since he was only eight years old, he entrusted him Dying Patriarch Ärsenius and Protovestiar George Muzaloa with the guardianship of his son. Michael paleo but logus, who long after the highest reign sought to provoke the army against Muzalon, which held him for nine days murdered after the death of the emperor. Then it happened Michael Pal&ologus, who was not involved in the murder his pretended to be the protector of the young emperor, and after he attracted the patriarch and the magnates to his side, he took the government and appropriated the dignity of a Gi-oss- Herzogs too. Then he made himself a despot and after four For months he pushed the legitimate heir to the throne aside and became crowned Emperor of Nicaea on January 1, 1260 but Caesar Strategopulos returned to Constantinople on July 26, 1261 acquired, Michael PalSologus moved the seat of the empire to

Unedired Mfinze Micbaer's Paliologas, the Emperor's Ton Nieäa. 45

the Eaiserstadt, where he appeared for the second time in the church of the* Hagia Sophia was crowned. He ruled until his death, which took place on December 11, 1282.

All coins are those described by Sabatier Gold and copper coins are known, which Michael Paleologus since the restoration of the Empire until his death Constantiuopel shaped. But so far it hasn't been a coin published from the time of Michael's reign in Nicaea. And yet it can be seen from a coin that I recently discovered reveals that this fame-seeking man was already during his Short reign in Nicaea hastened to mint coins. It Here is the illustration and description of the one in question unedited coin.

M—OV. M — O nAAeOAOr(0)C. The Mother of God standing, the halo around her head, the one on her right Blessing the emperor standing on the side. The emperor holds in his right hand Hand holds the cross, but in the left a roll of parchment.

/?/. ^ TPV-nN. Saint Thryphon from standing, the halo around his head, holds the cross in his right hand Copper.

The coins of Michael Palaeologus, which were in Constanti- nopel were embossed, bear either the on the back Mother of God in the city walls, or the emperor's equal named Archangel Michael. On the coin we have but St. Tryphon is depicted, which is not on any coin can be seen from Gonstantinople. This circumstance proves that Our coin was minted in Nicaea because of this saint, there he under the emperor Trajan Decius in Nicaea in 249 Suffered martyrdom, he was revered as the patron saint of the city. Like the saints Demetrius and Rugenius, the patron saints of Thessalonica, and Trebizond on the coins of these two cities, St. Thryphon was named in those of Nicaea pictured. It is not the first time that we have met this saint- on a coin from Nicaea, but he comes

48 Dr. A. Duninf^:

Great copy, now in the royal edition. Cabinet in Berlin, has on the RJ\ßOMQ' . . . . ßRI*I, but otherwise overall is the same mine same. Dannenberg's copy, from the latter in the Addendums on Essen coinage at Grote a. a. O. IV, p. 307 mentioned, is now also in the king's possession. Cabinet closed Berlin. Unlike the other two, it shows Il()14G'* Dßr*HRr; the one on the other two copies according to ßRI The appearing letter I (=Jesu) is missing here^).

So there are 3 stamp differences. — That on The DI appearing at the end of the transcription of the Hf. can be done cannot be resolved differently than “Domini”. Instead of the one on Dannen- berg's and my copy's clear Dßl, Grote wants one with guess a word beginning with a (still recognizable) TT but not a suitable one. However, there is no question that aut his copy Dßl stood; from a 71, like me Mr. Prof. v. Sallet kindly informs you at the relevant point No trace to be discovered. What a word should too probably stood between noun and nostri, especially since the words belong to an old formula!

So much for determining the different stamps features of this rare piece.

But I haven't got this piece at the 3rd now. For the sake of familiar stamps, they were described once more, but rather around the Grote a. a. 0. III, p. 419 f., 45V). Question about the gender to which the abbess Sophia belongs probably as well as her brother, the abbot Conrad von Werden (1454 until 1474). I hope from this little- at least some, even if partly only negative, light into the shady and due to the lack of clarity about the point mentioned even more confused question about the Essen and Wer-

1) According to several reports from Prof. v. Sallet, who this environment status has been determined with certainty. The one at Grote a a. 0. specified reading, according to which Dannenbarg claims to have read nri J on his copy no doubt due to a misprint for nri'.

Sophia's Borbecker Groschen, Abbotsio Yon Essen. 49

the coat of arms that appeared on the coins of that time. — What first of all is the degree of relationship between Sophie and Con- As far as rads are concerned, so far we can probably only get them from Bucelin, Germania Topo-Chrono-Stemmatographica Sacra et profana II, 146 The well-known note that both were siblings is no longer with us Grote a. a. 0. p. 418 raise a slight doubt because we are in favor of it can provide documentary evidence. ^)

In the royal. State archives in Münster Kindlinger's manuscripts (II, p. 283) is a document Handen from the year 1461 "op der hilligen three Koning dagh", in which ^Conrad van Glychen Abt to Werden and Sophie van Glychen sin Suster Abdisse to Essende" appear as witnesses.

Now as far as gender is concerned, which siblings belonged, it should first be mentioned that according to the factual the custom of the “Graphal Fräuleinstift” in Essen. Only members of the higher nobility were accepted into it were (cf. Lacomblet, Ürk.-Buch I, 69 and note). The idea of ​​middle-class origins, which Mr. Dr. Grote a. a O. P. 420 expresses, therefore everyone is missing out Probability. In addition, on everyone's seals Existing documents from Abbess Sophia as well as the Abbot Conrad von Werden a lion shield appears so that So the name “van Gluchen”, “de Glychen”, “de Borrowed” and "van Gelychen", which they have in their documents, on theirs Seals and coins lead to certainty about their descent from the famous family of the Counts of Gleichen in Thuringia* wise, whose coat of arms shows a lion in the heart shield.

So if you also look at Bucelin a. a O. in his Report about Abbot Conrad, a frequently occurring name the same as a count and also those from the 15th century

1) I owe the architectural coverings that I provide in the following deo's excellent friendly courtesy from the senior archivist, Dr. Harless and the archive secretary, Dr. Endrnlat to Dösseidorf. The latter in particular has been extremely eager to support me. I speak I would like to express my deepest thanks to the gentlemen mentioned here.

4

50 ^^' A. Däning:

Abbots' registers from Werden, in which Conrad is listed as Count is listed, loit Grote a. a. 0. p. 419 give nothing because in the 15th century people called “the abbot to the eldest up to a count's descent'^ (Lacomblet, Urk.- Book n, Vorr. S. XXXV) and because he is not included in the genealogy could be classified as one of the Thuringian counts The university levels listed above are probably enough on their own, these to weaken walls. ^) So that a person happens to be in the Gender documents cannot be proven but not at all at the same time proven that they do not belong to that- heard the same. Sophia and Conrad disappear with them her probably early entry into the spiritual world Stand (Conrad had been abbot for 20 years when he abdicated; Sophia ruled for 30 years) from the scene of the family history; they have to do with the things that are in the original People of one gender tend to be treated very little more to do, so they have no reason to do so. imagine.

So compelling in my opinion are the reasons given both descent from the count's family speak of equals, I also have documentary evidence of this, which I thank the continued efforts of Dr. Final rule in Düsseldorf. The same has in the Eönigl. Archive there the document was discovered, which leaves us with all doubts about this point overruled. It is dated ^dusent four hundred vyf ind seven- tich op Saterdach na sunte lucien dach^ and in it he renounces Abbot, who resigned in 1474, received part of his property When he left, he was guaranteed a life support of 220 GKdden.

1) Unfortunately, it is impossible, at least from the historical records bern of the count's Gleichen family, Conrad's affiliation and Sophie's to this, let alone the parents of both with certainty after- luweise. Going into the genealogical question in more detail has gone too far here drive, especially since we were only able to make any assumptions. Maybe points later research, based on sufficient documentary material, both the safe place in the family tree of the family to which they follow are entitled to take the above statements.

The Borbecker Groschen of Sophia, Abbess of Essen. 51

The original shows the Gleichen lion seal and the caption: ^Wy Conrait Greue van Borrowed . . .** So Conrad was one Count von Gleichen and Sophia his sister, that's how it is probably the most natural thing if we see it on our coin. address the lion as the Count's Gleichen.

It would now be very pleasant for me if I had the same Security, as in determining the interpretation of the lion shield on our penny, also show up on it with the others - the coats of arms, cross and sloping beams, go to work could. It's me, although I am on this delicate issue cannot bring any security, the following comments are permitted.

It has a coat of arms of the “Count’s Fräuleinstift” in Essen probably never given. The abbesses have from the In ancient times, only figures of abbesses appeared in their seals with name and title inscriptions. The figures carry now the book of the Gospels, now crosses, now candlesticks, flowers et al. in the hands. Also hints of family coats of arms are not found until the 14th century. First Kunigunde, Countess von Berg, (1328-1336), points to both in her seal On the sides of the figure are the coats of arms of Berg and von der Mark. Likewise, her successor Catherine I, Countess von der Mark (1336 - 1360), the coat of arms of Mark on one side, like because also that of Grote a. a. O., coins from Essen Abbey, under No. 2 described (illustration see plate 11, 2) denarius of this copy tissin the carved crossbeam on the chest of a nun figure shows. The following abbesses have dedicated themselves to the used a wide variety of seals, mostly their family coats of arms in conjunction with dung with a religious figure, e.g. B. the h. Christopher, one Engel et al. This is what coins of Elizabeth of Nassau (1370.) show until 1412) the h. Johannes (Dannenberg near Grote a. a. 0. lY p. 306) or a veiled bust (Grote, coins of Essen Abbey No. 7 ff.), both in connection with the Nassau lion shield. The seals of Abbess Sophia von Gleichen only show the one iachen lion shield, with inscription, while on their coins

ä

52 Dr. A. Düning:

the salvation. Johannes (Grote a. a. 0. No. 13) with the lion shield or, as in our piece, S. Peter appears. Of the two The coat of arms placed next to the latter is based on The interpretation of the lion is clear from the above, but that of the cross and so on at the beginning of the external transcription of the RJ. appearing sloping beam the less. Both figures come with the Essen coins minted by the abbess for the first time Sophia before, then we see her again in the random one compiled fantasy coat of arms on the one minted in 1754 Ducats of the Abbess Francisca Christina, Countess Palatine of Sulz- Bach. (Grote loc. cit., No. 33.) Should cross and oblique beams borrowed from the coins of Sophia? —

In any case, these two coats of arms are explained nothing more remains than the ones already from Grote to ours Pieces and explanations for No. 10 of Werden's coins an imitation of the one that was so popular at the time Groschen Ruprecht of the Palatinate, Archbishop of Cologne (1463 until 1480 and John of Baden, Archbishop of Trier (1456 to 1503), on which the cross of Cologne and Trier respectively. the Diagonal beam from Baden appears. Grote moves from the surrounding area the fact that Ruprecht only became archbishop in 1463 leads to the conclusion that our piece was written between 1463-1489. —

Now if I would like to make a few comments about the coins Conrad's von Werden allows on which cross and oblique Balken vorkonunen, I would first like to emphasize that Let's talk about the coat of arms of the abbey, as it is in those times are not entirely clear. Until that 15th century can be found on the seals of the abbots no trace of any coat of arms, just an abbot's number with the relevant name and title transcription. By Conrad von We first know seals, which are on both sides of the Abbot figure shows a shield with diagonally crossed crooks gen. ^) This shield will also, at least in the next few X) In my possession from 1459, from 1462 onwards from Conrad far Henning

The Boibeck penny of Sophia, Abbess Ton fissen. 53

centuries, used by Conrad's successors, e.g. B. from Heinrich Duden in 1578. (Dusseldorf. Archive.) According to German Judging by the seals, these sticks are considered that The actual coat of arms of the abbey must be viewed. This one Acceptance also finds significance in the circumstances Support the shield with coins older than Conrad show with the crooks. Like the one at Grote a. a. O. IV, p. 304 f. described, plate 10, 1 illustrated and Henry II of Obol attributed to Wildenberg (1360 - 1382), as well as the a. a. O. HI, plate 13, 7 pictured Raderalbus of John VI. Plug, des predecessor of Conrad. The latter coin has this shield in front the feet of salvation. Ludgerus, the founder of Werden Abbey.

In the loan books of this abbey from the 16th century onwards we now find this shield with the crossed crooks placed on a standing cross. But here too seem Coins that appeared before the beginning of the 16th century The above-mentioned arrangement of these two coats of arms to prove it. The same idea also shows one small coin, which comes in 4 copies and 2 stamps in the Isen- Berg finds (No. 60 was present and from Grote (a. a. 0., coins d. Werden Abbey No. 12. 13) attributed to Conrad because the time of burial of the aforementioned find (1479) no other allocation is permitted.

Later we find the placement of the crooked shield a cross on all Werden coins up to the 18th century, (Grote op. cit. No. 21 ff.) in which both coats of arms also occur separately. (Grote a. a. 0. Plate 16, 57. 17, 58. 60.) However, since the other known coins Con- rads do not show this union, it only appears in the to have been created in the last years of this abbot.

But whether that is on the coins of John VI. (Grote a. a. 0. No. 7. 8) and Conrads (a. a. 0. 9. 10) without that middle

and Hao8 Dorguth in Uelmstädt, which were still in the possession of this family. rare Yorhandenen coat of arms letters, from 1473 in the Düsseldorf archive.

54 ^^' A. Duning:

The cross that appears on the shield is the one that appears later was combined with the Eramm staff shields in the manner specified, So whether there was integration that was already present at that time? Render should be seen as part of the Werden coat of arms and only coincidentally with the coats of arms of Cologne and Trier I agree, I don't dare decide, but I have to admit that I am not inclined to the affirmative view. Rather With the above in mind, I don't just hold everyone else up Coats of arms that appear on the Werden coins except the family coat of arms and the erumm staffs for descendants imitation of foreign types, but also the cross. Like me seems to have been a few of Conrad's lately and then after and more generally a cross, as it were, as a foil for that main symbol was used. Later (in the 18th century) it cracked you then arbitrarily separate both coats of arms and also used the Ereuz as an independent figure.

Now what about the hollow objects that are so richly represented in the Isenberg finds? pfennigs with ereuz and sloping beams arrive, (Grote ibid.

No. 11) then, if according to the suggestion, something grotesque can become

•

(or Essen) is probably considered a place of minting this should not happen because their traditional dian types “to the greatest detail with those of the Abbot of Werden match,'' or because they even act as its coat of arms are to be viewed. (Grote op. cit. p. 422, 425, the first p. 470 the Ereuz on Conrad's Saderalbus for imitation of the Trierischen or Gölnische explained.) Rather, it can be for this allocation of those hollow pennies only firstly the proximity of the The location where it was found (Isenberg near Hattingen) and secondly would be It's not impossible that they are blind imitations of the popular ones Types from Cologne or Trier would be, without any consideration being given would have taken on his own. But that's why it is not exactly necessary that they emanate from becoming or eating are, although I can't say anything else with certainty. give white.

The Borbeek penny of Sophia, abbess of Essen. 55

But, as I hope to have proven, everyone&us is on an explanation of those still unclear coats of arms from the private Conrad and Sophie's coat of arms not to think of a possibility, which from Grote a. a. O. S. 419 was still kept open, because both belong to the family of the Counts of The same was not certain.

Quedlinburg, March 1881.

Dr. A. Düning.

The coin company of &rocliewitz in Anhalt.

On April 9, 1880, at the school farm in Grochewitz, 3 miles east of Zerbst, a coin discovery in a new building made. I don't know how large the number was to state exactly, as unfortunately not everything is the same as the Herzogl. financial direction was delivered in Dessau. The main inventory but part of it is the 440 pieces that I acquired.

The find, which dates from around 1470 to 1532, is strikingly similar to that made in Grochewitz in November 1870 Finds of 620 similar dimes. I have the latter in the Leitzmann's Num. Ztg. 1871, pp. 23 - 24 and 36 - 44.

Our current find offers a not inconsiderable number of interesting stamp differences. But unfortunately there Majority of the pieces are so covered with verdigris and of was eaten away by it, it is impossible for me to state exactly how many pieces of each number were found.

To my regret, Anhalt doesn't have a single penny represented.

The main mass of the find, probably the larger half, is is made from Kur-Brandenburg groschen. Strikingly so but it is precisely the oldest ones who have been embezzled and scattered so they weren't available to me. There should be e.g. B. the Brandenburg Groschen v. Saurma N. 41, the Rathenower ib. N. 52, Johann Cicero's penny from 1496 = ib. 64 im

The Monzfound Ton QrochewiU in Anhalt. 57

must have been finds. But since these stamps without any special numismatic value, I regret less, not the same ones to have received.

Since I don't have enough time, the many inedired Brandenbui^schen Describing exactly the pennies that our find contains is beyond I leave the description to my friend Bahrfeldt, to whom we First of all, the protected Yerdffenüichnng inedirer Branden- burger denarii, to which he next owes that of the Bracteates and want to follow up with pennies.

I. Kur -Brandenburg.

A. Johann Cicero.

1. Groschen v. 1497 = v. Saurma 67.

2. from 1498, different from v. P. 75 and Fonrobert 178. 3a. from 1499 = v. p. 76; Henckel 161; Formr. 180.

3b. from 1499, to v. p. 77.

B. Joachim and Albrecht.

a. with 5H0B. Ä»ßO DOffl.

4. V. 1500, to v. p. 91; Henckel 182.

5. V. 1500, also^ differing.

6-9. V. 1501; 5 div., devi. v. Henckel 189-191. 11 and 12. V. 1502, 2 div., devi. v. Formr. 194. 14 and 15. V. 1503, 2 div., to v. p. 91d. 95c.

Joachim alone. 10. 13. 16. 17. V. 1501-1503, to v. p. 95.

b. with ffiOftGTÄ ßOVÄ AßßO DOJß.

18a and b. Groschen of the brothers v. 1501; 2 div. to v. p. 96a.

19. V. 1503 = V. p. 96a.

c with SaOü. EOVA AR6. AWAY.

20. V. Joachim alone, v. 1500; devi. v. Henckel 186f. 21a and b. V. Joachim alone, 2 different v. 1501 BC p. 98b.

58 Th. Stenzel:

22. 28. T. 1503, 2 div., eu v. p. 98b and c.

24. 25. Groschen of the brothers v. 1503 and 1504, = v. p. 97.

26a and b. y. Joachim everything t. 1506, 2 div., za v. p. 98a.

d. at the Berlin Mint. 1. Brothers' dime.

27. undated, = Koehne, Coinage of Berlin p. 54. 11. a) b).

28a. V. 1507, alternative v. v. p. 107.

28b. like, like

29a. b. 30. 3la u. b. v. 1508, 6 div., to v. p. 108b.

32-35. V. 1509, 4 div., to v. p. 108b.

35b. V. 1510, 3 div., to v. p. 108b. Henckel 231. K. S. 58. e). 13).

35c. V. 1511, 3 div., devi. v. v. p. 108b.

36. V. 1512, to V. p. 108c.

37a and b. V. 1513, 2 div., to v. p. 108c.

38a. V. 1514, alternative v. p. 108c.

38b. V. 1515; likewise.

2. Joachim alone.

3&-44. V. 1516, 5 div. to v. p. 109. 45-47 v. 1517, 4 various similar.

48. V. 1518, cf.

e. from the Frankfurt mint. 1. Groshep of the brothers.

49. V. 1499 = V. p. 111.

50. undated, 2 different, on V. p. 115.

51. V. 1503, dsgL

52. V. 1506, cf.

53. V. 1507, cf.

54-56. V. 1508, 3 div., cf.

57. V. 1509, 3 div., to v. p. 116b

58. V. 1510 = V. p. 116b,

59. V. 1511, alternative v. v. p. 116.

The MfinKfandron Orochewits in Anhalt. 59

60a. V. 1512, not at v. S. 60b. V. 1513, alternative v. v. p. 116.

2. Joachim alone.

61a. V. 1510, to V. p. 117.

61b. c. d. V. 1514, three different, Henckel 253. 254 q. devi.

62-64. V. 1515, 3 div., to v. p. 117.

65-67. V. 1516, 3 div., cf.

68-70. V. 1517, 4 different, like.

71a. b. c. V. 1518, 3 different, like.

72a. b. V. 1519, 2 div., to v. p. 118.

73a. b. V. 1520, 2 div., cf.

74. V. 1522, cf.

75. 76. V. 1523, 2 div., cf.

77a. b. c. V. 1524, 3 div., to form no. 243.

78-80. V. 1525, 4 div. to v. p. 118.

81-82b. V. 1526, 3 div., to Henckel 302. 303.

83. V. 1527, to V. p. 118.

84— 85c V. 1528, 4 div., to v. p. 119.

86. V. 1529, to V. p. 119.

f. from the Erossen mint.

1. Groschen the brother.

87. 88. V. 1511, 2 div., on Henckel 119.

89. 90. V. 1512, 2 div. = Henckel 245. 246.

91. V. 1513, - Henckel 248.

2. Joachim alone.

92. 93. from 1514, 2 different devi. v. v. p. 119d.

G. from the Stendal mint. 1. Brothers' dime.

94-97. V. 1509, 4 div., v. P. 120, 121 and 2 not there. 97b. V. 1510 « V. p. 121.

^

60 Tb. Steniel:

98. V. 1511, not at v. S.

99. V. 1512, alternative v. v. p. 123. 99b V. 1513, 2 like.

2. Joachim alone.

100-102. V. 1514, 3 div., devi. v. v. p. 124. 103a v. 1515 = v. p. 124. 103b. V. 1515, not at v. S.

104. V. 1515, cf.

105. V. 1516 = Henckel 264.

106. V. 1516 = H. 264 and 263.

107. V. 1516, not in Henckel and others. S.

108. V. 1517 = Henckel 272.

109. V. 1517, not in Henckel et al.

110. V. 1517, to V. p. 125.

111 - 114. V. 1522, 4 different, collectively not edited.

115. V. 1523, edited.

116. V. 1624, cf.

117. V. 1525, cf.

118. V. 1528, cf. 119-121. V. 1529, 3 div., cf.

122. without jz., cf. 122a. V. 1530, cf.

123. V. 1531 = V. p. 127b. Henckel 318.

124. V. 1532, edited.

This penny, different from Henckel 316-319, is the youngest coin to be found.

n. Electoral Saxony.

125 Schneeberg interest or courage pennies from Friedrich IIL, Albrecht and Johann = Götz 4011.

126. Equal. = Götz 4013.

127. Equal. = Götz 4021, but 60SSVS etc.

128. Equal. = Götz 4046.

The Mfinzfond too Grochewitz in Anhalt. 61

129. Interest penny of the same from (14)98 » Götz 4062.

130. Groschen from Friedrich III, Georg and Johann (1500 - 1507) = Götz 4131.

131. Groschen from Friedrich III, Johann and Georg (1507—1525) = Götz 2449.

132. Equal. = Götz 4282.

133. Equal. = Götz 4291.

134. Equal. = Götz 4305.

135. Equal. =: Götz 4314.

136. Equal. = Götz 4316.

137. Equal. = Götz 4326.

138. Equal. = Götz 4338.

139. Groschen from Johann and Georg (1525—1530) v. (15)27 = Götz 4430.

140. Etc. n.d. = Götz 4422.

III. County of Mansfeld.

141. Community coin groschen from 1511. Hf. Rosette HO S NO S CO S 6T S ÖO g öe ° MÄHSFfcLT, undecorated four- field heraldic shield.

Ä/. SäHCTVS»6E0U6IVS*1511; St George.

Deviating from Götz 3002, number Ztg. 1862 p. 59. No. 3 and Reichel IV, 2. No. 3734. cf. ib 1871 p. 14 No. 1 from the first Grochewitz finds.

142 B.C. 1511, different stamp.

Bf. Decoration or MGnzmeister mark HO* * ßO' ^ COHP » 3' ♦ ÖOI^r » ÖG » HA', undecorated four-field Heraldic shield.

Rf. mint master's mark as on the letter ♦ SnRQTVS « 6VR6VVS»I7II« (Old French 5); St George.

143. V. 1514, cf. Num. Ztg. 1862. P. 59, 4-6 and first Groche- witzer find i. p. 41, no. 3a and b.

Bf Rosette, formed from five bingehi put together,

62 Th. Stenzel:

MOHET o IIOVA o COM o DO o DEoIvITSHSFELT; un- Ornate but extravagant four-field coat of arms. R/. gSÄHCTVS 8 6E0RIVS § MILESg 1514, St. Georg.

144.y. 1514, different stamp.

Hf. MOHEToHOVÄoCOMoDooDEoMÄHSFEIio the yierfeldige elaborate coat of arms has and at the top on the sides a flower-like veneer.

Rf. like a goal, but of a different cut.

145. V. 1515; H/. as before No. 144, but MÄHSFELTfo Heraldic shield also decorated.

R/. except for the Iz. as in Nos. 143 and 144. Compare Num. Ztg. 1862 pp. 59, 7 and 8; 1871 p. 41. 4a and b. Götz. S004.

146. V. 1515, different stamp. Petitioner as in No. 145, but at the beginning or at the end of the transcription one of 4 rings formed rosette.

Rf. as before, but the coat of arms undecorated as in No. 143.

147. V. 1516; to number Ztg. 1862 p. 59, 9. 10; 1871 p. 41. 5a a. b. Götz 3005; Ton Reichel 1937 different, because our stamp has Bf. MÄNSFEIiT <>, like No. 145 and R/. 6E0RIVS like the stamps 143 ff.

148. V. 1517, different from Num. Ztg. 1859 p. 60 No. 11 and 1871 p. 41 no. 6.

Ef. = No. 145. 147.

R/. always only has two rings, so SAHCTVS l 6E0- RIVS § MILES g 1517 § .

149. Broad hermaphrodite penny t. 1529. Inedirt.

B/. GROS o HOV O.C0M » DO » D o MäNS Z9, helmet- ter four-field coat of arms, helmet from vom.

Rf. (* (crescent and star) 6R0S « HOV « COM o DO »Do NäHS, helmeted four-field coat of arms; Helmet . from the side.

150. The like from another stamp, has on the Rf. HAH (N reversed; S missing).

The Mänzfand Ton Gröche joke in Anhalt 63

Whether one of these two stamps, the one from nrir in my “contributions” on Mansfeld coinage'' p. 14 mentioned below (KnoU 2569; Thieme, Num. Verkehr 1877 No. 3 and 4. No. 1731) same, I can't say. I just notice that These mouse fields dimes from No. 141 - 150 are in only each 1 specimen represented in our finds.

I hope the friends of Mansfeld coins want one - to provide the next service when I provide the description here insert four Mansfeld groschen, which are the Hzgl. Cab. to Dessau from a find other than that of Grochewitz. 150a. Wide hermaphrodite penny undated Bf. GROi? <> HOV <> COM <>

DO^DoMäN, under the helmet placed from the side

the four-field coat of arms. Rf. GROS o HOV o COM <> DOM <> D o M AHS <>, under

The four-field coat of arms is attached to the helmet provided by him.

This stamp differs several times from the one in my contributions to Mansfeld coinage p. 12. th, at v. Reichel 3736 described. 150b. Wide hermaphrodite v. 1519.

Hf. GROS o HOV o COM o DO o DE o MAHS 19; under

the helmet, von vom, the four-field coat of arms. Rf. GROS o HOV . COM o DO <> DE «> M/SHS» under the

Helmet, sideways, the four-field coat of arms. 150c. Like. Hf GROS <> HOV • COM o DO <> D <> (not DE)

MAHS o 19, otherwise as before. Rf (♦ (crescent and star) GROS o HOV o COM o DO

o D o MAHS, otherwise as before. ISOd. Like. Bf GROS <> HOV o COM o DO <> D <> M AHSF 19°,

otherwise as before. Rf (♦ GROS o HOV o COM o DO <> D o MÄH, otherwise

150c.

So these three stamps are different from mine in my contributions to Mansfeld coinage p. 11 below Contributed stamp, dear Leitzmann, Well. Ztg. 1862 p. 60

64 p. Stenzel:

No. 13, according to Appel 2007. The deviation of 150c, with which the stamp otherwise has the most similarity especially in the fact that on the Rf, in front of the inscription half moon and star is missing, which we find aaf 150c.

IV. Goslar.

151. Mariengroschen v. 1526. Not at Cappe and Knyphauseu. The piece is similar to the Margl v. 1527 at Cappe 332. This Child Jesus appears to be uncrowned in our piece.

152. Matthiasgroschen undated, probably ^ Cappe 267, in Knyphausen 6011-6013.

Y. Hildesheim.

153. Mariengroschen v. 1526, like the one from 1528 at Cappe 214 and Knyphausen 5692.

Neither of them knew this year.

YI. Duchy of Braunschwetg.

154. Mariengroschen from Duke Heinrich I (1495 - 1514), similar lich Knyphausen 7354, Götz 8715, ßode IV, 7. Our stem- pel has LVttB and DVL ♦.

155. Equal. devi. from Knyphausen 7354; the circumscription the RF, Our stamp ends DVLC^

VIL Herzogtbiffli Mecklenburg.

156. Gnstrower Sechsling or Groschen from Duke Albrecht from 1527. Inedirt.

Ef »HLBER «I D K 6 « DV « " « X « ME6« -- « APOIiEs in between crosswise H(eleven) G(ott), G(lück) B(eroth); Imperial eagle, on his chest a coat of arms with the buffalo heads.

RF sheet MOH — HOVA — 6VST - ROEH -, Flower cross, in the corners of which four coats of arms, Meck- l^iburg, Stargard, Schwerin and Rostock, above 2 - 7.

The coin find 7on Grochewitz in Anhalt. g5

167. Equal. v. 1528 =^ Wellenheim 5198 (Götz 2545); the four The coats of arms here are Stargard, Wenden, Schwerin and Rostock.

VIU. Bishopric of Halberstadt

158a. Groschen v. 1520, different from v. Mülverstedt, Harz Club magazine, 7th year, p. 405, no. 20-22. Hf. ÄljBeRT'o CKR'o TtDMr« ÜÄLBERST 15Z0. Rf. like V. Mülv. 22. S? STEFFänVS — P2 MHRo 15Z0 — l ,

So our piece is a 9th stamp. 158b. Like. from the other stamp.

Hf. ÄliBGRT'o CäR'o äDMI'o h Aj (A a. L together) BST 1520.

Rf. SÄßCT o STGF — FAAIi o p o Mn _ ? ; otherwise too v. M. 20; so it's a 10th stamp.

159. V. 1521, different from v. Mülverstedt a. a. 0. Nos. 25-28.

Bf. Star or rosette ÄliBR S CäR § 7\D — MI g H7\Ii- BERS, otherwise like a. a. 0., with straightest. Eagle shield.

Rf S l STEFFANVS S — P S M7\R ? 1521 — %^ else like V. Mülv. No. 25. This stamp only came to me later.

160. V. 1522; different from v. Mülverstedt a. a. 0. No. 29.

Hf ALBERT « GAR <> AD — MI o HAIiBERSTA l Rf S o STEFFAHVS S — P 2 MAR l 15Z - Z, otherwise the known ideas.

IX. Archdiocese of Magdeburg.

The small series of Magdeburg coins from Grochewi\zer Finds open the following piece, which was subsequently presented to me, which in addition to the Brandenburg ones, which I also didn't receive Groschen, Henckel 189 and 191 are among the oldest found heard. 161 is a large penny from Archbishop Johann,

Count Palatine of Bavaria, 1464-1475.

66 Th. Stenzel:

Ef. +IO0 ÄRCWaPIS o MÄ6D es (a and B together) VRGfl'; fourth shield, 1st and 4th Stifls coat of arms, 2nd Palatinate. Lion, 3rd Bavarian. wake up,

RJ. S7INTTVS c MÄVWaiVS s DVX»; the saint, Flag decorated with a cross and holding the monastery coat of arms. Our stamp therefore differs several times from the two, which Dannenberg, magazine, new series, p. 340 announced has power and is notably different from that of the blessed director. Tor Wiggert pictured at Hoffmann No. 59. 161a. Half penny from Archbishop Ernst (1476—1513)

Hf. aaneST'o äR'o aPS'o MnGOaB'G florets, otherwise like Leuckfeld § 35 No. 37. 38.

Rf. SQTS'o MÄ^V-RICFo DVXo, otherwise like Leuckfeld No. 38. (Götz 2507), so different from the 4 different a penny in the number Ztg. 1853 p. 54. No. 3-6. This specimen is the only half-penny found. A similar half-groschen was also in the first Grochewitzer Finds, including one from Elector Johann Cicero v. Branden castle V. 1498 and a Mansfelder v. 1514.

162. Broad penny from Cardinal and Archbishop Albrecht von 1519. Incdirt.

Ef. ÄliBJVRT VS o C AR ARCHIEP o MÄ6DE <> ; under the Cardinalshute the four coats of arms of Mainz, Magde- burg and Halberstadt^ below the straight-standing Branden- Burger Adlerschid.

Rf. oSo MAVRICIVS— o D V9oo 1519 -o; St. Moritz with Flag and monastery coat of arms.

This broad penny from 1519 has been unknown since then; out This year we only knew one hollow penny. 163a. Broad penny from Cardinal and Archbishop Albrecht v. 1521, different from the Chroschen in von Mülverstedt, Magdeb. Penny Gabinet.

Hf. ÄLBERTS CHR8 H~RCHI8 P« MA6Bol5Zl«>; under the Cardinalshute the four coats of arms of Mainz,

D«r Hänzfand too QrMhewiU io Anhalt ß^

Magdeburg and Halberstadt, use the one standing straight Brandenburg eagle shield.

RJ\ SHNCTVS8 M — H — VRICI8 DVX o; St. Moritz with Flag and monastery coat of arms.

I just received another penny from another quarter, which was also in our find and which I describe here, because he is inedirted. 163b. Broad groschen from the same Cardinais v. 1522.

Hf. ALBERT (?)§ CAR^TiR _ CH1E8 P8 M7I6B S 15ZZS ; otherwise as No. 163a.

Rf. SAHC 8 M A — V — RICIV 8 DVX — o«; otherwise how before.

This vintage is not yet found in v. Mölverstedt, Magdeb. Munz Cabinet

164. Equal. v. 1524; different from the pennies in v. Mul- Terstedt, Magdbg. Groschen Gabinet. Bj\ 4=° (Patriarchal Cross o) AliBERoCARo A — RoEo

MAGDo 152^ (Old French 4), otherwise as before, but the bran- Denburg eagle shield is tilted.

Ä/. oSANCToMAV^RIoDVX; St. Moritz as before. For the friends of Magdeburg coins I give here For the sake of completeness, the description of two broad dime y. 1520, which of those in v. Mülverstedt's Magdeb. Münz-Cabinet p. 32 after Wambold quoted both stamps, so- as differ from the others reported there.

These two pennies, which the Hzgl. Gave. to Dessau sits, come from an earlier find, about which I will give more details can't say. 164». Bf. ALBeUTo CAR'o ÄRCllI6P'o MÄGB'o 1520, otherwise as

above 162 and 163. R/. 8AÄCT o M A - V — RICIV o DVX, otherwise as above. 164b. E/. as before, but MAGB' 1520, i.e. without ringlets

the year.

68 Th. Stonzol:

Rf. as before, but behind BVX, between flag and Halo still °o° (three rings).

I would also like to mention that the Hzgl. Gave. out An earlier find also gave him a small penny from Card. Albrecht undated, which differs from Leiuckfeld 11, 40, at least on the RF,

164c. üf. TUiBERT ^ C ' A ^ MA » M ^ B % the 4 coats of arms. Rf. SAHC - T ^ MAVRIC \ St. Moritz, as in Leuck- field II, 40. The /{/*. So it's like on the first dime in V. Mülverstedt, addendum. p. 83.

X. Imperial city of Nttrdiingen.

166. Groschen v. 1509, probably inedited.

Hf. flaOftGTA Röschen ROVAÄ Röschen UORDIilUG Röschen- chen, imperial eagle.

Rf. ififlmXISßlLmRRöschenROSSßARORRöschenReX;

small lily cross with 4 coats of arms in the winks.

Finally I received information about our find from another quarter

XI. Grabschaft Reichstein.

166. Groschen of Counts Albert and Carl undated, between 1507 u; Beaten in 1511.

Hf. Rose ÄliBGRTVS l (? separator) QT o KTt- R0IiVSlD^6lD2fll^ simple cross, in the win- four coats of arms, 1st Münsterberg eagle; 2. Eagle V. Oels; 3. Legnica Chess; 4. the two golden bin- that of Glatz.

RF JttOnaTA ? (separator) ROVA — RaiGfe- ST6IR6ßSIS, spread eagle with a firust shield, divided transversely, black above, white below, because of the trunk house Günstadt in Moravia, from which the podiebradsche line of the ScUese dukes. Below, the Sharing inscription, a coat of arms or the like, unfortunately blurred.

The Uänzfand yon Groehewits in Anbalt

69

So our stamp differs significantly from the one we in the Numophyl. Molan. p. 644 No. 15; Thott thes. T.H, No. 6916 and Leitzm. Num. Ztg. 1852 p. 31 can be found.

The first one contained a Silesian coin 10 years ago Grochewitz find, namely a penny belonging to Duke Sigis mouth of Glogau undated, = Götz 8320, Dewerdeck XXXII, 101.

So 11 states and cities are represented in our findings namely in 207 different stamps, of which 162 are on the Mark Brandenburg come. Of the latter I think 106 or having to regard 108 as inedirted.

Th. Stenzel.

Tobias Wolff dei Breslaaer BoldAChmied.

1d the beautiful Sileian MSozkabinet in the city of Breslan There are two advertisements for the Wroclaw goldsmith Tobias Wolff, about which Sallet in Vm. Vol. d. Z. p. 199 f. one Article published One of the same ones is apparently still there completely unknown, the other one is already from Eund- man publishes, but without doing so from the master Name is hidden, was thought. Kundmimn I missed the monogram and it's probably still there This may have happened to some others who saw the play. But this is very rare - I don't know of a second copy. knows - therefore a discussion of this medal is also certain not inappropriate,

The first of these works is the following gold medal (wt. 7.9gr.)i

Letter V.G-G. GEORG ■HERZ:IN.SCHIiE:Z.LIG:V.

BRIG* Bearded Erb. of the Duke of vom im just Head with cropped hair and long beard, in Malicious and decorated with the field armband. On the arm- sections is scratched 1572 W.

Tobias Wolff, the Wroclaw oilsmith. 71

Rf. V.G.G.BARBARA GEBOR:MARG:Z.BRAN: H«I:S-Z*L*V«B« Brb. the Duchess of vom in rei- chem robes, she wears a necklace more£etch around- snakes with a gem hanging on them. On the head She has a beret-like headgear around which pulls a tiara. The coin used to be obviously eared and so good The traces of it have also been erased, the word MARG of the Rf. something has suffered, iusofem as the letters A and R. something have merged into each other.

First of all, what about the people depicted on this medal? Duke Georg H. von Brieg 1547 - 1586 is known as the builder, or real finisher, of the famous “Piast castle^ in Brieg, whose portal is still well preserved today

— it has not yet been “reborn in a dignified manner”.

— is one of the most beautiful Renaissance monuments in Germany. Duke George was an art-loving prince and combined a court of artists of all kinds, including a whole co- lonie Italian builder (see magazine of the Association for Business. and antiquity. Silesia 1863. Vol. V. P. 15 fg. and the essay by Wemicke in Schles. Prehistory in words and pictures 1878. 38th report p. 265 fg.). His wife Barbara was a daughter of the Kur- Prince Joachim I of Brandenburg, and they come from him Disconnect the other Liegnitz-Brigde dukes (cf. Grotefend Family trees of the Schles. Princes, plate 10).

The present medal, a masterpiece from Arletius Collection is one more piece of evidence of the W's identity with Tobias Wolff and the goldsmith who came to Brieg in 1561 Wolff. It too is the same as that of Sallet 1. c. published on Johannes Gyrus, made before the artist moved there. lers to Dresden (1574), and since he had already arrived 11 years earlier once sent to Brieg in the Duke's service as an expert. was called, it shows that even after completing those requests was honored with commissions by the duke on various occasions.

72 F. Fii«denibDTgt

UsBre medal - also an interesting gold piece Novelty - is cast, and although prolonged wearing of the- same, it seems, the subtleties of the details are a little off- are grated, you can see that they are still being chopped has been. As far as the presentation goes, that seems to me Duke George's counterfactual far better than his wife. By the way, it is possible that the energetic succinct ones Features of the former are more suitable for artistic reproduction, as the somewhat fat face of the Duchess. The clothes, chains etc. are worked with great accuracy and cleanliness The drapery of the silk PufCarmel is shown quite well.

All in all, the artist stands with this medal - as this also applies to the one on Cyrus - on one more stage of development; no matter how well they are worked, his later works far outshine them.

This also applies to that of Kuudmann in his well-known Work: Stlesü in nummis, one relating to the historical extremely busy work, on plate 29 a. 90 illustrated measurements daille aof Gottfined Woyssel from 1619.

E/. GODEFBJDYS * WOYSSEL ♦ D ♦ MED * AET ♦ 37 + 1619. Bust portrait of vom in a richly embroidered doublet with lace collar.

Rf. SIT NOMEN DOMINI BENEDICTVM. Under

Tobias Wolff the Breslan goldsmith. 78

a tree, one half of which is green while the other has withered, there sits a hedge holding a flower. Up On the other side of the tree you can see a big one Skull on 3 bones. The floor is e.g. Th. with Covered with stones, on one of them, on the left foot The child's monogram ^N is raised. Kundmann's illustration turned out very badly and does not exist absolutely no idea of the beauty or even that Character of the original, which is unfortunately the case with the old medals almost always happens. As I said, he has the mint mark overlooked. According to his communications (p. 399 fg.) Woyssel doctor in Breslau and died in 1628 at the age of 42, which must mean 46. years. This medal was made in his honor, “there "He happily helped a distinguished, dangerous patient". The meaning of the allegorical representation of the RF is therefore easy to guess.

Kundmann saw this medal in silver and gives it weights on “a lot and a half”; the specimen in our collection is, on the other hand, made of very soft lead. It's not like Kundmann simply said, stamped, but rather cast and subsequently taken care of. thoroughly chiseled. The facial expression is extraordinary more lively, the masterfully treated area around the eyes leaves suggest a serious character. The beard, the hair on the head and especially the embroidery of the doublet and the lace trim of the collar are of a delightful delicacy and delicateness speed of execution. The representation of R/[ is in contrast to the very exalted the Hf. kept quite flat, why the The wide, capital letters of the transcription fit very well. The However, its artistic value seems to me to be lower than that the ä/.y although the figure of the child in its natural and forced attitude is not bad. The mismatch- There is a difference in size between the child and the skull but a bit disturbing.

Between this medal and the 1st c. p. 204

74 P- Friedensbnrg:

In my opinion, there is one in Hans Georg Dehne not insignificant similarity of style and execution; yes, I have to admit that I, too, hid it like that Monogram on the Woyssebchen medal has so far been overlooked had, only when looking at the medal on Dehne, on the Yer- I came to the conclusion that both pieces must be from the same thing Masters come from - an encouragement that requires a precise test xmserer beautiful medal happily confirmed.

So we see our Tobias Wolff in 1619 th&tig, 58 years after his first appearance in the annals of the Art history. Whether the master, who was certainly very old at the time, was too I was still in Dresden at that time, I cannot confirm Except for Gonex with his homeland, he was like a medal on the Silesian Woyssel proves not. We'll have more details yes, hopefully in the near future the work of Mr. Erbstein bring.

For the time being, however, it was pleasing for us Breslauers to be over the property of the city from which the master emerged, some of his works, which relate specifically to Silesia, to light to be able to bring.

F. Friedensburg.

The Silesian Coin Cabinet of the city of Breslau.

In earlier times, coin studies were very popular in Silesia cultivated, more zealous than now Initially, these aspirations were true of course, as was the case everywhere in ancient numismatics, but later, especially in the last century, the local one was also used pulled out the rewards of studying. The city of Wroclaw now owns partly an AtitaKI as the fruit of the collecting zeal of earlier times larger, sometimes smaller collections, which either 4urch Sauf or Yermächtuiss have become their property. on- some of them are currently still in special thum of the churches of St. Mary Magdalene and St. Bemhardin, Most of them, however, are Käthe's property. But everyone is currently, after decades of being around on floors etc. confessed, kept in the city library, namely until recently, each for itself and from the others separates

The oldest of these collections once belonged to Thomas y. Khediger (born 1540 in Striesa near Breslau f 1576 in Eök), whose name is famous far beyond Silesia's borders This rich and learned man, a friend of the Scaligers and ▼many other of the most famous humanists of the time, also had one on his large circuits in Italy and France Quite an impressive collection of ancient, especially Roman ones Coins brought to you, in which there are treasures,

76 P« Friedensburg:

which still delight connoisseurs today. After his death came the collection, including its magnificent library, is in the seat of the city of Wroclaw.

There is also the collection of Gottfried Hanke, the son of the famous Martin Hanke, which almost only contains Breslau coins includes and is therefore of the highest value especially for us, also the universal collection of the general counsel Mentzel f 1772, whose strength is also the Silesians. But far superior the rest are the collection of J. C. Arletius, rector at the Elisar Beth-Gymnasium f 1784. He, his father and his grandfather created this collection, which only contains Silesians. possessed and it is their fortunate collecting zeal managed to bring together a large number of pieces that so far were either not known at all or otherwise no longer available are found.

However, since it is only likely to be of interest to Silesians, find out more about the provenance of the individual collections to teach, the first step towards merging them is now happened, it seems appropriate to list the to cancel individual collections and to a related issue Treatise by the author of these lines in “Silesia's Prehistoric Times in Word and Bild^ 1878 n. 39 to refer.

Since there is now an excellent material to use, especially that of a Silesian coin cabinet in these many collections ▼invented how this was achieved through an arrangement carried out by the V£ taking or Eatalogization published in 1877 and 1878 in the past year, the city authorities permitted listen, whose interest is drawn to these slumbering treasures whose existence few knew, whose value nobody knew knew that the Silesians from all collections were brought together and approved the means for their appropriate accommodation and presentation. The work of compilation, order Vi was responsible for the food and food processing of this report. The city of Bres lau now has a Silesian coin cabinet, uniformly

The Silesian Mänzkabinet of the city of Breslau. 77

compiled and formed from all city collections lungs, to which the above-mentioned two churches have this in their existing stocks that are still missing there.

When creating such a special collection, it was of course in the way to proceed is that all coins and medals, which coined in, for and in relation to Silesia were, as well as that in order to get as complete a picture as possible of the Coin activity of the individual mints and mints building, a piece of each variety that could be identified - was preserved. So the Eabinet includes, as it were Trunk, already more than 2900 pieces, and even if there and there are still some gaps there, then again there are some Rows of rare perfection. For example, B. the row of the coins of the city of Wroclaw 233 pieces, including 76 gold and 127 silver. Also the episcopal Breslau one (218 pieces, 45 N 165. M) and the Württemberg-Oelser (188 pieces 10 N 174 M) are looking for their equal. Among these there are approximately 3000 coins there is a relatively large number of rarities, which are of particular interest to the special researcher. The Most of them now escape, because they come from more recent times, the discussion in these papers; but there are some older people here thought:

Among the Wroclaw bishop's coins, the Thaler (or the medal) of Johannes Turzo from 1508 (Deverd. Plate 40.1) and the gold medal of Martin Gerstmann (ib. plate. 11.10). There is a second copy of the first piece, in k. k. Cabinet in Vienna, I don't know of a second one known. A great rarity, probably unique, is the following gold guilder: nj\ KUnK DVaiSSKLeGßiaZeß four-feW coat of arms (1 and 4 eagles, 2 and 3 chess). Rf. S • lüHÄHHeS . B. The Holy One in the usual representation, next to his head the Bohemian. Lion. Anna, wife of Duke Wenceslas I, left this gold guilder. von Liegnitz, born Duchess of Teschen (Grotefend Family tree VU, H.), which after her husband's death from 1364 to

78 P* Friedensbarg.

In 1367 the government led the way. He is one more member in the Chain of evidence that the well-known gold guards with D6 ßQ6SIi»DVX»P» come from that Wenzel Among the many len Hellem of the Silesian cities are characterized by the of Friedlaender Vol. 5 of this journal p. 289 published by Heller Neisse with German inscription, as well as the Heller den Mader ni n. 63 published. But he gives him a false environment Scripture, for he reads: SßOQaTTiaKROSSat and it says: K0S8L, as our example clearly shows. Among the Medals on famous Silesians are distinguished, the medal on Niklas Jenkwitz 1535 (Eundmann no. 28) and Matthäus Laussnitz 1555 (ib. no. 105), the former in gold, the oldest Silesian Portrait medal, the latter a masterpiece in casting and chased. Domestic A gold medal from Duke Georg H. von is also interesting Liegnitz-Brieg 1572 with him and his wife Barbara, a born Margravine of Brandenburg, half-length portrait, which To my knowledge it is not described anywhere.

This is the “Silesian Coin Cabinet of the City of Wroclaw”, which has now been released to the public and on which we draw the attention of the coin-fire group with this line and coin researchers want to direct. Let's hope the same to fulfill his purpose of serving science with dignity may, as well as that we will soon be granted another opportunity to Part of the Breslau collections are available for study do.

F. Friedensburg.

Sophia or Fetrissa?

A protest.

However, a very interesting coin was found from Michendorf has already generated a rich literature. Also in the of “Blatter für Münzfreunde** (No. 89 dated.) which I edited November 15, 1880) I have an essay about it by O. Eckstein recorded in Ubersdorf. But this is for me, my nu- truly disastrous for my mismatic reputation and my vanity become, because in a “note added by me* proclamire I consider myself a follower of WeidhasM

At the distance of my residence from the printing plant It could happen - at least so far - that the The course of business when carrying out editorial work does not always follow the normal was moderate. Eckstein's first proofreading proof The report was communicated to the author, and from him here and since changed. In this print, which I, very by chance, did not, As usual, I have cashed in, so I can still look through it now, I can't find the note concerning the Petrissa to be mine or mine by the author, but by another hand and with the» Letters H. 6. signed, added! I know for sure that I overlooked them and that they happened without my will is printed.

This is now the offense for which I am charged by Sallet and Bahrfeldt will be punished so harshly! — Hear:

80 H. Qrote:

£. Bahrfeldt says (Bracteatenfond von Michendorf p. 2): “Grote, following Weidhas, of course stops Albrecht’s wife “This bracteate for the Petrissa, only I can take this view "Doesn't contribute to mine, as far as I know." “no numismatic writer, except Weidhas and Grote, "This opinion has been expressed."

Weidhas and Grote! Par nobile fratram! Arm in arm with Wedhas I should now send my numismatic century to the demanded barriers!

Sallet treats me in a very humane way, because - apparently in order not to have to degrade myself too deeply - he admits (d. Ztschr. YIII p. 266; p. 20 of the separate section in print) that Weidhas' idea of thinking of Petrissa "imagined “partially underwritten by many others of this strange author- "part." Before he said: “Now, after the announcement “of coins from the Petrissa, Grote has come to this view. "can, as his note... reports." This is now according to the above not the case! But whether Sophia or Petrissa Sallet carefully leaves it undecided.

The following climax of views is developing here: Weidhass: It's Petrissa! Bahrfeldt: It's Sophia! Sallet: It is one of the two! Grote: It's neither!

Of course I don't know who the person depicted is supposed to be, but I firmly and firmly believe that there is neither one of the two the one that was also presented, which is of course undoubted, lord of the Bracteates, the Margrave Albrecht the Bear, although his name, which does not refer to the type at all, is included stands. Rather, it is none other than the Emperor Manuel Komnenos and the female figure standing next to him is the Mother of God, of course both of their idols down to the smallest detail Detail translated from Byzantine into German. Both hold symbolically, the Labaron, the symbol of an empire, which chem was established through the combined work of the signs and