Zeitschrift für Numismatik, vol. 8 — 1881

1) About which I, since it came to me about a quarter of a year ago, except I'll be able to report in more detail. But the above was about then or little spitar written down.

176 H- Dftnnenbergr

22) The Margrave with a sword and a falcon on a bow sitting. Bf. Half eagle and lion. (Plate III, No. 22.)

With good reasons, Köhne points out this Albrecht, one Son of the Bohemian Beatrix, the coins, which are the same his seals, next to the eagle bear the Bohemian lion. Here the lion is not like on the previously known coins of this species (Weidhas VI, 1 and 2) double-tailed, a record for the fact that only over time this double tail for the Bohemian heraldic animal became characteristic.

Obols from the end of the XUL and the first Half of the XIV century.

23) Two sitting princes touching each other, each in the open air Hand holding a scepter. Rf. Four bosettes, between those five points. 0.47 gr. (Plate III, No. 23).

I'm not entirely convinced by the Brandenburg one Origins of this coin, but the factory does not speak against it.

24) Next to a tree or a crowned pillar two

Margraves touching the same. Rf, little tree with three

Branches, two crescents below. 0.48 gr.

(Plate m, No. 24.)

Similar to the denarius of Weidhas V, 16. Would be our coin

the same Gq)räge, you might want them for you easily

hold a pronounced denarius.

25) The margrave with flag and key. RF Four with

lines placed against each other at the tips. 0.36 gr.

(Plate III, No. 25.) Just like the denarius Weidhas VII, 16.

26) A kind of lily scepter between two burning candles [^)Rf Three eagle heads in the corners of a thief cross. 0.44 gr. (Plate IH, No. 26.)

Exactly the stamp of the denarius Weidhas VII, 20.

27) Winged figure (angel?). RF, Sea Radiant Star. 0.36 gr. (Plate III, No. 27.)

On Brandenburg coins. 177

28) The margrave with a tree (or seepter) in each hand. Bf. The Eagle. 0.27 gr. (Plate HI, No. 28.)

29; The eagle. Bf, The Brandenburg Helmet. 0.28 gr.

(Plate IV, No. 29) . Like the previous coin from the Teschenbusch find (Vol. VI, p. 123 No. 36 of the magazine). I'm not wrong, and so are they following:

30) Eagle. Bf, deer antlers, between its bars Shamrock. 0.32 gr. (Plate IV, No. 30.)

Diocese of Brandenburg (or Havelberg).

31) The bishop with two crooks. Bf. Three Oaks leaves, with three acorns alternating, like one Stars are put together in the resulting windows clover leaves. 0.23 gr. (Plate IV, No. 31.)

From the Teschenbusch Finds Vol. VI, p. 122 No. 34 d. Magazine described; just like the common one Denarius Weidhas XI, 17 (Reichel IV, 380).

The small series of coins, all without inscriptions, which, thanks to its factory, is one of the three Brandenburg bishops thUmer^) is entitled to allocate, I have around 3 sure, of the Brandenburg bishops Otto (1252-1261), Friedrich (1303 - 1316) and Heinrich IH (1393 - 1406). (see vol. m, p. 54 and plate HI, 1 - 3 of the journal) enriched, as well as one of Bishop Konrad von Lebus (1284 - 1299, see mid. d. num. e.g. Beri. P. 274 and Vol. HI, p. 159 d. Journal), whose origins are perhaps more doubtful could be, although no one has yet bought one for this denarius has identified a more suitable position.

The following denarius is of incomparable importance, until- the only monument to the Brandenburg dynasts, and

1) That Becker (200 tel. Mz.) No. 186 is not to Havelberg, but true- apparently belongs to Fulda, is already noted in the Num. Zeitung 1862 p. 13.

Tent field brief for Kuminnatlk. VIII. 12

178 H* Dannenberg,

True, according to the HH's forecasts. Erbstein, Lisch and y. Mttlverstedt, from

the noble Lord Richard von Friesack and others John of Plotho.

32) +(RIC;HÄRDVS De VRIS SeeWatt. Rf. +IOHANNCS D6 PLOVC LiUe. This so far only known in a single specimen, in the factory with Weidhas in, 10 and VI, 1 ^] related dttnne Denarius is already in the Nnm. time. 1850 plates n, 15 and better depicted in Schellhass's coin catalog (No. 1525). but only in the latter place (p. 117] does its purpose regarding of the dynast documented in 1256, 1259 and 1261 Richard von Friesack received during (in the Meckl. Jahrb. 1871 and the Magdeburg company. -Scroll VI) the HH. Lish and V. Mülverstedt the relationship of the back (or maybe Main page) on which the coat of arms of the lily leading in Eyritz nnd Wusterhausen based gentlemen of Plotho manufactured and at the same time a victoryP) was communicated to Richard von Friesack have. A different opinion from Riedel (see No. 70 of the new Prussia. Time 1872) that under PLOVC the Mecklenburg Plan should be understood, the historical probability contradict the truth.

Elector Friedrich I, 1414 - 40.

The only coin that has been given to this regent so far could attribute to the Denarius No. 545 Reichel, concludes the following small pfennig, which I (vol. Y, p. 84 d. Magazine), I hope there are convincing reasons for supporting him* have laid.

1) and also probably with the Barnims Bl. f. Mzkde I, plate XV, 196 and Köhne V, plate IX, 21 (Weidhas III, 22).

2) The same shows a crowned figure in the upper field of the divided shield Bull's head, in the lower 3 sfe leaves, and refers to Richard as "de Jerichowe", while in the associated document he calls himself “de Vrisach”.

To the Brandenburg Müiizkuude. 181

Here is the old stamp from the main page, which is still closed the previous coin is used, with a newly cut one replaced so that both sides are no longer different Show literary character. Incidentally, Reicheis No. 676 is similar.

44) * lOÄGin o OT o ÄLB o SßÄRQhlOnS. RF SfiOR— nOVÄ — FRÄH — J130r. (Plate IV, No. 44.)

So up to now we only have half pennies with money anno Dornt as well as the names of the mints of Brandenburg, Ber- lin, Frankfurt and Stendal.

45) (eagle head) ^ lOAC ^ PRIN ^ ELEC ^ MAR . . BRAN6^ an angel holding the eagle shield in front of him. Rf. MON ^ NOA ^ ARG ^ PRIN ^ ELE ▼ BRAN the fourth shield with the coats of arms of Brandenburg, Pomerania, Nuremberg, Zollern and the scepter in the middle shield.

(Plate IV, No. 45.) The style of this coin, namely the shape of the letters, the lack of a year that reflects the stamp of his successor Folgers is never missing, and the eagle's head, the Stendal mint mark, how it is e.g. B. on quarter thalers from this mint from 1524 and 1525, even on a Stendal quarter thaler from 1525 (Reichel No. 739) repeating stamp errors NOA instead of NOVA leaves no doubt that this is the case perhaps only came down to us in this single specimen Coin has the first Joachim as the author. If with theirs The intention was to make it in Saxony, where the angels pennies are just as common as they are unusual for us, in To get it running, it has succeeded very well, because it is found in Saxony and indicates heavy use. Joachinus I's son and successor was responsible for the minting of angelic groschen, although continued with a different character, like Reichel No. 769 proves this.

Even more original are the types of the following, through his Beauty award-winning, published by Friedlaender

180 H. Dannenberg,

The following half-sizes deserve attention because of their relative rarity i), they are only the first few described and even fewer pictured, namely 2 at Weidhas and 4 others at Saurma. They all have the same thing Embossing: Eagle. RF, scepter shield on long cross. ^ 37) :|c lOÄQhl OTÄLB SBTlRah BRÄH. Ä/. SBOna — ÄnnO — DOSBI — JX99.

38) Similar to J500.

39) 4c lOÄQhl GT • ÄLBSEÄROhGÄlB. RF SBOHB — ARBO — OGSßG — J503. (Plate IV, No. 39.)

40) Same main page. Bf. SEOfiG — ROVA — BBRL— mB«. (Plate IV, 40.) Similar to Reichel 662.

The die cutter of both coins appears in the Very unfamiliar with the art of writing, the key letters of the Inscriptions on both matching main pages are so badly done forms that one can hardly say which sign ours Alphabets they correspond to, and the mone anno of the back No. 35 is defaced almost beyond recognition. Still one shouldn't think of counterfeiters, because they are apparently no less valuable than those with correct ones Inscriptions.

41) (Nettle leaf?) I0ChIM*Ä-MÄR6I-BRÄn. Bf, MOR— FRÄ— nCFO — M-V-C. (Plate IV, No. 41.)

Differs significantly from Reicheis No. 669 (without Albrechts names), Saurmas No. 133 (lOÄGhlSfi • ÄL • D • 6 • SßÄR • BRÄfi) and even more from Weidhas XIH, 22 (IGÄGhlSBÄRGhlO -GLQa- BRAK.)

42) Likewise, i?/ SßOnQ— FRAß— GFOR— T-J503.

(Plate IV, No. 42.)

43) {Nettle leaf?) lOÄGhlSß-ÄL^D^G^^ÄR^- BRÄR. Bf. As before. ^Taf. IV, No. 43.)

1) Reichel owned 3, Saurma 4, Henckel 3, Weidhas siht ö on.

Tsar Braiidenburgisefaen MQiizkuude. 181

Here is the old stamp from the Hanpt page, which is still closed the previous coin is used, with a newly cut one replaced so that both sides are no longer different Show font character. Incidentally, Keichel's Kr. 676 is similar. 44; 4c lOÄSm o OT o ÄLB o SßÄRQhlOnS . Eat sfion— nOVÄ — FRAß — J50T. (Plate IV, No. 44.)

So up to now we only have half pennies with money anno Domi as well as the names of the mints of Brandenburg, Ber- lin, Frankfurt and Stendal.

45) (eagle head) ^ lOAC '^ PRIN '^ ELEC ^ MAR . . BRAN6^ an angel holding the eagle shield in front of him. Jif. HOH^ NOA ^ ARG ^ PRIN ^ ELE ▼ BRAN the fourth shield with the coats of arms of Brandenburg, Pomerania, Nuremberg, Zollern and the scepter in the middle shield.

(Plate IV, No. 45.) The style of this coin, namely the shape of the letters, the lack of a year that appears on the coins of his descendant Folgers is never missing, and the eagle's head, the Stendal mint mark, how it is e.g. B. on quarter thalers from this mint from 1524 and 1525, even on a Stendal quarter thaler from 1525 (Reichel No. 739) repeating stamp errors NOA instead of NOVA leaves no doubt that this is the case perhaps only came down to us in this single specimen Coin has the first Joachim as the author. If with theirs The intention was to make it in Saxony, where the angels pennies are just as common as they are unusual for us, in To get it running, it has succeeded very well, because it is found in Saxony and indicates heavy use. Joachim I's son and successor was responsible for the decoration of angelic groschen, although continued with a different character, like Reichel No. 769 proves this.

Even more original are the types of the following, through his Beauty award-winning, published by Friedlaender

Ig2 H. Daiiuenberg,

(4.46 gr. heavy) piece, which is known as a Unicum in Gotha Cabinet located:

46) 8 10 AQ o MAR o BRANDENBVR^o P o ILIÖTV that four-field coat of arms with central shield (as before), from held by an unclothed angel, next to it 15 — J9. Ef. oMONIoNOoARG—oBRANDINBV the apostle Panlns with the sword in his left, at his feet the eagle shield with the scepter shield on the Ernst (Vol. V, p. 290 of this magazine).

47) (eagle head) lOAC^PRIN^ELEC^MAR^BRAN chest picture in euro hat and cloak ^ with shouldered scepter, to the right. Rf, ^ 10 AC ^ PRIN ▼ ELEC v MAR ^ BAR ^ the same four-field coat of arms with a central shield as before, above J5zX. — Quarterthaler. (Plate IV, No. 47).

The repetition of the inscription on both sides is on- falling, it cannot be traced back to a stamping error. Otherwise the inscription on the back is on the quarter thaler like on the Thaler: moneta nova argentea principis electoris Brandenburgensis.

It's finally worth mentioning 47a) the gold guilders from the Brandenburg mint, Köhne, N.F. Plate II, 5.

Joachim II, 1535 - 71.

48) Written Piedfort (of 2 gr.). Helmeted Eagle Shield. Hf. Helmeted scepter shield, next to the eagle's flight Helmes J5— 38. (Plate IV, No. 48).

This piece, no other copy known to date, seems to be a test coin from the first years in which Joachim has shaped, and probably the sample of one Dreiers, a type of spleen that was only introduced much later (1553) and with completely different types (see Weidhas XIV, 11 - 13). life has come. According to the weight it would like a double

On Braudenburg coinage. 1S5

Prussian eagles, two griffins, the Nuremberg lion

and the Zollem shield), in the middle shield the scepter.

— Half Thaler.

The local K. Kabinett also has such half thalers

from 1576, 1578 and 1580, in v. Saurma's catalog (Vera.

e. Brandenb. Prussia. Coin collection Berlin 1868) is (No. 174)

one mentioned in 1578, only one of them is currently shown

1574 (Henckerscher catalog no. 452). These Halbthaler belong

Along with the quarter thalers and the whole thalers, they are among the best

Achievements in the art of die cutting.

53) SlOHAN"GEOR"D"G-MARC-BRAN«SACR* Das- same bust, i. F. lö — 7Z . Rf, ä ROMA » IMP - ARCH I « CAM - ET « ELECT - The same coat of arms, from 3 florets surrounded. — Quarterthaler. (Plate V, No. 53.) In this one. K. Collection contains quarter thalers from 1575 and 1587. — It should be mentioned in passing that in Schulthess'schen Auct. Cat. No. 3415 an eighth copy of the much discussed Thalers recorded with LOBDEN • HERN • etc. (Mad. 3035). and also a previously unknown gold guilder from this gentleman 1573 Vol. IV, p. 320 of this magazine is shown.

Joachim Friedrich, 1598-1608.

54; SlOACHIM-FRIDE-DG-MARCHhBRA-SAC har- Another bust right, the scepter shouldered, the left on the sword handle. Rf. j^ROM-IMP-ARCHI-CAM-ET* ELECT« 1606 The same coat of arms, over the same MH. Half thaler. (Uencker collection no. 491.)

(Plate VI, No. 54.)

In addition, half thalers of this prince have still been paid

from 1602 (Keichel 793) and 1606 (Saurma 183), that is. K

«

The museum also has a quarter thaler from him from 1604 In terms of beauty, they are considerably behind those of its predecessor back.

184 H* Dannenberg,

50] « lOACHIM • II • D • G : MARCHiO • BRANDEMB * ELECT bust right. in kurhat and ermine robes with scepter shouldered and sword lowered, behind same 1551. Rf. «CAROUV*INP*AVGVSTI: P F: DECRETO: PI :FELICI The crowned imperial eagle, on the chest the imperial orb with 56. (Madai 5683; V. Arnim 19.) — Half Thaler. (Plate V, No. 50.)

Madai expresses his surprise at the “strange surroundings” writing" on the back, Arnim explains the PF through published cari fecit. The whole thaler of the same stamp (Mad. 571 shown Plate I, 324 of the Henckel catalog. Berlin 1876]. the lagging titulature pii felicis is not.

51) «lOACH-D-G-MARC'* BRANDEN "ELECTOR four- field coat of arms [Brandenburg, Pomerania, Nuremberg and Zollem) with the scepter in the middle shield, above it -«", to pages 16-60. Rf, FERD1NAN»IMPE»AVG« P»F» DECRETO the crowned imperial eagle, the imperial adlei* with 30 on his chest. (Reichel 765.)

(Plate V, No. 51.)

This half Guldenthaler along with No. 50 and a half

Thaler from 1541 (in the local K. Museum] are, as far as I know, the

This gentleman's only half thaler, while it was a quarter thaler

from him^).

Johann Georg, 1571 - 1598.

52) S IOHAN«GEORG « D d G d MARC dBRAN«SACRId6

Armored bust r. with shouldered scepter, the Left hand on the sword handle, to the . Page • 1 • ö • — • 8 • 7 • Rf. dROMA«IMPE«ARCHICAMERdETdELE CTOR six-field coat of arms (the Brandenburg and

1) The very confused beginning of Weidhas p. 18 needs to be corrected: There are no Halben-, only Yiertelthaler (places) from Joachim I, and from Joachim II vice versa nnr half, not Yiertel-Thaler.

On Rrandenburgischefi coinage. 1S7

kept secret and it is questionable whether it might be later will succeed in lifting the veil that covers this secret-- covers. For now only 10 pieces have come to light, namely- Lich 2 half-bracteates from Przybislaw, 1 bracteate from Albrecht the bear, 1 anonymous probably from the same margrave and G of Otto I, partly with his name, partly with that of country alone; I am also aware of the existence of a denarius by Konrad (1134 - 42) from Magdeburg, but I cannot say whether this is Köhne N. F. XIV, 23 or coin stud. lU, plate 12 6.2 or even a third one that is still unknown is. Of those 10 Brandenburgers, the following 4 are for Time still unedited.

57) Heinrich (Przybislaw) Prince of the Hevellers, with his

Consort Petrissa. Hf, +HGINBRKND helmeted bust with sword and flag. Rf, +PeTRR3:j:A (on other specimens + PaTRI53:K) Bust portrait of the same, i. F. Stern and 4 points. Plate VI, No. 57.

Köhne had this when the first coin was announced Princes (Zeitschr. I p. 165) put together the little that was What has been passed down to us about him is: that he visited the Havelland and the Zauche owned, originally called Przybislaw, at the Baptism, which he and his wife Petra or Petrissa received, took the name Heinrich, as godfather Otto's, son of Albrecht the Bear, who gave him the gift made a gift, and in the absence of physical heirs this same one Albrecht appointed him his heir, but himself around Year 1142^) died and in the St. Mary's Church which he had founded Church in Brandenburg was buried. — Highly noticeable The mention and representation of Petrissa is worthy, like this

1) The year of death is certain and may be further determined by our discovery dropped down (Riedel, d. Mk. Brandenb. i. J. 1200 Vol. 1, p. 309).

186 H. Daanenberg,

The one known by Friedla^nder should also be mentioned here. made, Vol. 1Y, p. 321 of this magazine illustrated portal solvers from 1605.

55) «IOHANNES*SIGISM-D:G*MARCH«BRAND*SAC-

RO* I The armored portrait facing right

Body y with scepter in the B., under the same 161Z.

Itf. « ARCHIC • ET • EL • I • PRVSS • IVL • CUVI/C

MONTIVM-D twelve-field coat of arms, to the side M — H.

Quarter thaler. (Plate V, No. 55.)

M.H. means Melchior Hoffmann. — The K. Cabinet here-

himself also keeps a half-thaler from the same year

can also be found in Keichel (No. 800) and Henckel (506).

Addendum.

In the few weeks since this essay went to print was promoted, something important happened. First of all Mr. E. Bahrfeldt wrote in the Vienna numismat. Magazine 1880 P. 122 - 145 also brought to Brandenburgische Inedita, for now only denarii, to which later bracteates, bracteates and dime-shaped coins should follow. Particularly notable The following denarius supposedly from the Seehausen Mint:

56) Hf. The Margrave with a lily scepter in each hand, sitting between two towers. RF, XCIVIQTRÄNS Seeblatt (see also 0. Plate HI, 21.).

But then a few days ago Michendorf was not far away Potsdam a small number of coins from the XH. century to Came to light, belonging to a find that is important quality is unparalleled. The daily papers already have it brought news about him, some of which, however, contradict are speaking; Unfortunately, the details of the circumstances are unclear of the entire content from the people who are interested

On RrandenburgUcheii coinage. 1S7

kept secret and it is questionable whether it might be later will succeed in lifting the veil that covers this mystery covers. For now only 10 pieces have come to light, namely- Lich 2 half-bracteates from Przybislaw, 1 bracteate from Albrecht the bear, 1 anonymous probably from the same margrave and G of Otto I, partly with his name, partly with that of country alone; I am also aware of the existence of a denarius by Konrad (1134 - 42) from Magdeburg, but I cannot say whether this is Köhne N. F. XIV, 23 or coin stud. in, plate 12 6,2 or even a third still unknown one is. Of those 10 Brandenburgers, the following 4 are for Time still unedited.

57) Heinrich (Przybislaw) Prince of the Hevellers, with his

Consort Petrissa. Hf, +HaiNBRKND helmeted bust with sword and flag. Bf, +P8TRR3:3:A (on other copies + PaTRI53:K) Bust portrait of the same, i. F. Stern and 4 points. Plate VI, No. 57.

Köhne had this when the first coin was announced Princes (Zeitschr. I p. 165) put together the little that was What has been passed down to us about him is: that he visited the Havelland and the Zauche owned, originally called Przybislaw, at the Baptism, which he and his wife Petra or Petrissa received, took the name Heinrich, as godfather Otto's, son of Albrecht the Bear, who gave him the gift made a gift, and in the absence of physical heirs this same one Albrecht appointed him his heir, but himself around 1142*) died and in the St. Mary's Church he founded Church in Brandenburg was buried. — Highly noticeable The mention and representation of Petrissa is worthy, like this

1) The year of death is uncertain and may be made clearer by our discovery dropped down (Riedel, d. Mk. Brandenb. i. J. 1200 Vol. 1, p. 309).

188 H-Dannenberg,

strange that at first, when this coin was presented to me alone, was terminated and received, do not believe in its authenticity wanted, because the cases that in the Middle Ages princesses next their spouses appear on coins^ are very rare. The Aecht However, the truth is beyond all doubt. You've probably got it now our coin, which, by the way, is advantageous in its minting stands out from the other two known ones (see above), thought of as being to a certain extent to glorify the baptismal act. But even if such memory coins were by no means unheard of in the Middle Ages, even in Baiem under Henry the Lion and in Bohemia during the same period of the XII. It says that they were quite common in the 19th century This assumption is contradicted by the early date of this event, and we will take into account the coins that were found Otto I (1070 - 84) preferred this Petrissa to the latest period Heinrichs as having to be placed in an earlier one. But which one? the reason for the princess's appearance was actually being, will be difficult to fathom; maybe there The key to this is only late, but still well credible ^) news that Petrissa announced Henry's death 3 days ago I kept it secret so that Albrecht would have an easier time with his inheritance can compete. One can perhaps assume that Petrissa before, because of her husband's infirmity, the government conducted business. In any case, this piece is one of the inter- ediest among the Brandenburgs and in the ranks of the medieval in general, it throws a bright light on you pretty dark period of history. It is hardly less important the following bracteate:

Albert the Bear. 58) Hf. + ÄLBREH (retrograde) rider with flag and shield to the left. (Plate VI, No. 58.)

1) Riedel a. a. 0. I, p. 307. v. Ledebai, AUg. Arch. d. Prussia. St. I, pp. 193-223.

On BraHdenbnrgiseheii coinage. Ig9

Both in representation and as a factory of all known so far Characteristics of this prince differed in the most significant way, that compared to the factory very similar to the certainly the same Early Magdeburg bracteates with the profile head of the saint Moritz (Köhne N. F. Plate XIV, 18) and regarding the Mtinz It is closely linked to Przybislaw's two denarii Köhne I, plate UI, 11 and above plate m, no. 1. Without a doubt So this small bracteate falls from strong silver sheet and artless drawing in Albrecht's earliest period, probably not later than 1140, and is older than anyone known to date significant.

Not much younger and therefore at least part of him, where his predecessor Heinrich-Przybislaw is not even followed- standing bracteate:

59) Hf, + BRKNDEB{VR)6 The margrave with sword and Shield, half body, between two on a wall rising towers. Plate VI, No. 59.

Vividly reminiscent of the Moritzpfennig Mader 11th verse. Plate. III, 39, like between these older Brandenburgers and the contemporaneous Magdeburg bractates so close relationships Problems exist that you can often produce them through the same must accept hand ; namely the same peculiar cross here as on the previous two coins.

Otto I

60) Hf. BR — KVN ^ — Q — B V The Margrave in armor and Coat, with sword and flag between two towers, in the field several crosses and dots. — Plate VI, No. 60.

Apparently from Otto I, also showing the same round D as its bracteate at Mader a. a. 0. Plate III, 59. Approximately at his father's lifetime? because Otto had been running it since 1144 margrave title (Riedel a. a. 0. I, 310), and since around 1160 the government 'a. a. 0. II, 5S — 61).

t90 H* Danaenberg, Znr Brandenburg Coin Science.

The beautiful Brarkteat with the device is still found as a discovery. volumes Mader «,. a. 0. Plate ni, 55 to mention all doubts, which is intended for p. 167 above, are therefore also for the disbelievers eliminated.

The same margrave must be followed for factory reasons In addition to what has already been said above on page 167, the following two Award coins whose corrupted inscriptions are because of yours CIOPNIC and the even more distant echo of COPNIC Jakza wanted to be wrong. 10 c) Hf. -ICIOPNCPN-MPAPCRIVO The Margrave with Sword and shield between a church and a

Towers.

(Plate VI, No. 10 ß, after a tinfoil impression.)

10 c/) llf, VIOIC • NOPID • — • NCAPCNVCV The Margrave with his sword shouldered and braced on the ground shields, i. F. Star and dots. (Plate VI, No. lOrf.j

(After a tinfoil print.)

Joachim I 61) Hf. lOTYQ 8 PRIM % ELEQ g MT^R § BRTtnDERB 8 C Bearded bust with spa hat and ermine right, which is holding a decorated scepter in his left hand, in front of his head. Rf. MOMB § TYRQ § PRIM 8 ELEQ 8 (this C like 6) BR7YHDE C o (the C is mint mark, as on the main sincec; . Decorated coat of arms, above © 1526 «> Quarterthaler. (K. Museum and Vossberg^s collection.) Through more complete transcriptions, better stamp cutting and other conceptions of the portrait give way to this quarter thaler very significantly different from all others. A similar one with something different inscriptions at ßeichel No. 726.

H. Dannenberg.

1) In Reichel IV, 742 it is incorrectly stated that the elector has the seepter here the right instead of the other in the left. The reverse is correct.

H. Dannenberg, The Seydel Coin Fund. 191

The Seydel coin find.

Near Seydel not far from Manow (district Coslin) are in the year In 1878 over 2000 coins were found, which if they It doesn't bring much that's new or rare, but it's a short one Description requires because on the one hand it has one provide a contribution to the question that has not yet been discussed much, as in Circulate the different types of money from foreign countries to them of the interior, but on the other hand certain ones of the time indefinite coins from this find to receive brighter light seem. The find, which I carefully ordered out of my hand of Dr. Kühne in Stettin, the overseer there Collections of the Society for Pomeranian History and History Antiquity received more than five-sixths of it Pomeranian characteristics, which, however, have numerous Branden- Burgische, along with a few other German ones and not a few Livonian connections. In terms of the number of pieces, they predominated Quadruples and the Livonian animals that are close to them in appearance schen Artiger, the shillings and halves were counted in hundreds Shillings, mainly of Pomeranian origin, while the The largest type of coin, the groschen, around 100 in number came from the neighboring country of Brandenburg, because in Pomerania something like this was known at the beginning of the 15th century - not beaten. The contents of this small one are more precise Treasure of the following:

192 H. Dannenberg,

L Pommerii.

a) Just four.

piece

Garz, with the nettle without a shield. . 30

,, with the nettle in mind 224

GoUnow 42

Pyritz 315

Stargard 182

Szczecin 708

Added to this: indistinct 19

and, in order of size:

1 denarius from Colberg (with the crossed bishop's bars on both sides, and 1 heavily cropped and worn shilling with moneta duc volg. 2

b) Shillings

by Bogislaw X (1474—1523) ... 262 namely: yon dam, without year ...... 18

dated, from 1492(17) i), 1493(9), 1494(11), 1496(3), 1497(6), 1499(13) 87 2)

von Garz, no year 2

1489(20), 1492(11) 31

of Stettin, 1499(3), 1500 (and MVC) (24), 1501 (25), 1502 (15), 1503 (20), 1504(9), 1505 (3), 1506(6), 1507 (7), 1508 (5), 1511 (1), 1515 (2), 1516 (1) 121 What's more, there are unclear 3

11 Here 1 with DÄMIIIS , while otherwise the city name always follows DhÄM is printed out.

2) If the addition of the individual items remains below this total, so Here, as elsewhere, this is due to the fact that individual indistinct pieces are not included. have been paid.

The Seydel coin find. 193

piece

Half shillings from the same duke, all from

Szczecin 43

namely: 1499 1) (1), 1500, with MVC(O), 1501 (1), 1502(2), 1503(6), 1504(4), 1505(1), 1506(4;, 1507(2), 1511(1), 1512(2), 1515(3), 1516(5), 1517(1) and 1 nmore clearly.

c) Stralsund whole and half shillings 25 without years and from 1501, 1504, 1505, 1506, 150S, 1509, 1511, 1512 and 1515.

II. Brandenburg.

Groschen from Johann Cicero 1498 3

,, by Joachim I with his brother Al- breaks, as well as from him alone. . . 103 without a mint, as well as from Berlin, Brandenburg, Crossen, Frankfurt and Stendal with the annual numbers 1501 - 1517.

Half pennies from Johann Cicero 1496 (1) , 1498 (3) 4 , , , , by Joachim I, Brandenburg without

Year 2

^, ,, by Joachim I and Albert, Bran- denburg 1507 1

Vierchen, from Prenzlow (with PRQSBSLOV) . . 25 with moneta around the eagle shield.

11/, helmet, without inscription. . , . 63

with Moneta Adler. Itf, moneta helmet 16

M

>»

1) This stucco is strange, not just because it dates back to 1499 didn't know half shillings, but also because he wasn't like everyone else the angular Gothic B, but the round Latin B; he was so far, me at least, unknown.

Magazine for fireplace engineering. VIII. 13

194 'H* Dannenberg,

III. Other dentse and other German

Coins.

a) Shillings or similar to shillings

Coins.

piece

Teutonic Order: Grand Master Michael 1414 - 1422 1

",, Paul 1423-1440. 2

, , Governor Heinrich 1 467 - 1469 . 1 ,, Grand Master Henry IV 1470 —

1477 3

Martin 1477 - 1489 . 15

,, ,, Johann 1489 - 1497 . 11

,, ,, Frederick 1498-1510 1

and indistinct^ among which 1 false copper 4

Mecklenburg (Magnus & Balthasar) Güstrow . . 2

Rostock 5

Göttingen, 1490 and 1506 2

Denmark. lohann. Aalborg 1

Riga. Archbishop Silvester 1448 — 1479 ... 2

Poland. Casimir IV Danzig (43), Elbing (2), Tliorn (7) 52

b) Smaller coins (72 shillings. Artiger, Brighter, etc., about the size of a four).

Osnabruck. Bishop Konrad IV, 1508, Vs Schilling 2 Lip. Bernhard VII, 74 Stüber, like Mzstud. V,

Plate VI, 62. Unedited 1

Dortmund. 74 groschen (2) with head of the saint

Reinoldus 1

Bremen. Denarius with head of Saint Peter. . 1 Hesse. One-sided Heller with Hessian and

Ziegenhain coat of arms 2

Saxony. One-sided heller with a lion shield. . 2

The Mfinzfnnd Ton Seydel. 195

piece

Saxony. Pfennig with Saxon helmet. Itf, Meiss-

niche helmet 1

Bohemia. One-sided farthing with the lion. . 1

Tyrol. Archduke Sigismund (1439 - 1496) ... 1

Liefland. Artiger from Reval 7

,. Grand Master Johann Freitag v. Lorings

Hofen (1483-94). Kinder (unedited) . 1

Archdiocese of Riga. Anonymous kind person....1

,, Jasper Linde (1509 - 1524) Artiger 1

Diocese of Dorpat. Bartholomew (1444 - 1458) 4

Helmich (1461 - 1471) 1

Andreas (1471 - 1473) 2

Johann HI (1473 - 1485) 4

Lithaaen. Alexander ( 1,501 - 1,506 ) denarius,

Bandtke No. 67 3

The total number of these coins, some of which have already been handed over to the Crucible, I'm told 2212 stated, namely 1852 Pomeranian and 217 Brandenbur- gish. The most recent date gave the half shillings of Stettin with 1517 and the Frankfurter Groschen of the same year. The burial is likely to take place this year or the following year nnsre's treasure took place.

It is particularly instructive for determining the minting and orbital period of the quadruplets; in the beginning of the 15th century year- hundred, as it says in the Reich catalog for No. 1450 IV, you can't move them. Also that the Elector Brandenburg quadrilaterals attributed to Frederick 11 (see Köhne, magazine. I, 197) are really that old, it is doubtful when one considers that among the 113 whole and half great According to this find, not a single one of him, as early as 1470 died, the oldest was only from 1496, a similar one Appearance like the Berl. Bl. f. Münzkd. II, 205 described

13*

t96 H- Daniienberg, The Milnzfand from Seydel.

bene found bot. The question probably deserves further investigation. search. — It is also interesting to see how the well- containing Pomeranian pennies from the XIV century already had completely disappeared; only the only Colberger remembers still of this type of coin, as well as of the older shillings only one left, in very bad condition had been saved in more recent times.

H. Dannenberg.

H, DADnenbdTg, The bracteate find from Bfinstorf. 197

The bracteate find from BUnstorf.

Naiclitrag.

The great haste with which I according to p. 3S2 and 383 Vol. VII d. Magazine Told me the rich material Having to adopt it has caused me to make some mistakes Hurry to correct the following.

No. 19. The denarius of Albrecht II with ITV (Weidhas II, I, Thomsen 7159), as Mr £. Bahrfeldt, Vienna number. time- Letter 1880, p. 127 no. 7) correctly noticed, not the margrave between two towers, but between a tower and a shield. This is also how my two beautiful examples can be seen. clearly visible. The incorrect information regarding the two Towers are shown on the incorrect illustration at Weidhas. rest.

No. 79. After kind communication from Mr. J. K.Herbst The inscription is not H€RI - B€RT, but rather HjERIBE R)T— Dj€hGRA, so that HGRIBCRT to right of the abbot, i.e. instead of the alleged B€RT, and D€l« GRA to his left, to be placed in place of the H«€RI. The similar letters and that I look for an imprint work on a coin that is not well preserved in terms of the inscription If you have to, I'll excuse my mistake.

No. 87, as Mr. Herbst also writes to me, does not have it + NA , but x M A and no more letters.

198 ^^ Dannenberg, The Bitkteatenfiind from Bttnstorf.

No. 176 finally, according to the same source “for sure”

+ LVDOLFVS Afterwards this coin, one of the

most interesting of the finds, the Count of Hallermund hear who had 3 roses in their coat of arms. After the Groteschen Family tables p. 244 Count Ludolf I died in 1191, Ludolf II in 1255.

H. Dannenberg.

A. V. Sallet, Tobits Wolff, The BresUuei Goldsmith. t99

Tobias Wolff

the Breslau goldsmith.

As before, thanks to Gersdorf's valuable observations *) the incorrectly named “Heinrich Reitzu” Saxon medalist In the sixteenth century he became a master goldsmith Hans Keinhart redesigned it, first from the guilds Goldsmiths in Leipzig are hard-pressed and face huge costs had to go shopping as an apprentice in the guild and his most beautiful ones Working in the 1630s "Journeyman" made - so it is now more archival for the diligence research and the attention of the numismatist, us the real name and the fatherland of a long and with Hecht, a highly respected medalist of the German late Renaissance to secure sance.

They were all friends of the German foam coins beautiful works, mostly cast and chased small ones Silver pieces bearing the monogram ^ and W and, like the Saxons depicted or those related by marriage to them , Denburg princes and Saxon, mostly Dresden citizens prove that in Saxony in the last quarter of the sixteenth century from the hundredth to the seventeenth. Tentzel in his Saxonia numismatica (1705), linea Albertina describes many pieces by this master and calls him »To1)ias Wosta; a Another scholar, Schlegel, gave him a medal with Wost's

1) Sheets for Müuzfreunde 1872 No. 31.

200 A.V, SaUet,

Self-portrait "communiciret", it was hardly in those (Wctst's) times There was some respected man in Dresden who didn't I had a likeness made of the said Wost. Now im “Announcer for the knowledge of prehistoric German times” Nuremberg 1880 No. 6 p. 188 Dr. Wernicke made the announcement that after the Files from the Dresden Main State Archives of the Breslauer Gold- blacksmith Tobias Wolff on January 22, 1574 from the Elector August was called from Saxony to Dresden because he was with “Possirnng, cutting and casting of the counterfactuals” probably would be familiar. Wolff went to Dresden and made “quite a few Contrafactures of the Popes", which was sent to Hans Aggelfelde in 1576 were sent to Torgau, who is supposed to keep them safe you can find them at any time ^). Before (1561) becomes, after Wernicke, Wolff to Duke George II of Brieg “for similar ones “Assignments like being called to Dresden”. Wernicke quotes Luchs on this visual artists in Silesia p. 24^]. I'll come up later the latter message back.

Friedländer now points to page 281 f. of the “Anzeiger für “Knowledge of German prehistory” is the most likely one Identity of the.^, from Tentzel according to probably very uncertain “Communication” called Tobias Wost, with whom it is documented established, who migrated from Breslau to Dresden in 1574 Tobias Wolff imitates him and refers to him by name Well-known model of a Pope's medal by his hand attentive. The Mr. Doctors Erbstein in Dresden, which Friedlaender cited as the best authorities on this question are, As far as I know, with a comprehensive monograph for years the artist's work, so it may suffice to go to Friedlaender's convincing essay, a few more, some more to provide material-related comments.

1) Dio8 likes heissan: so that you have them at the Haiid when new casts are made should be done afterwards; they were models in Kelheimer stone.

2) In the tent script f. Gesch. and antiquity. Silesia V, 1st 1863.

Tobiu WoIR, the BiesUuer goldsmith. 201

The identity of the alleged bea Tobias Wost, 'W, with «leoi Breslan goldsmith Tobias Wolff becomes a certainty by eiDCD circumstance that has not yet been asserted by noefa has been: we have a medal from before 1574, when Wolff was still based in Breslau, with the well-known Monogram of T and W, which represents an elegant Hreslauer Personality represents the abbot Cyrus vou 8t. Viucence, 1568.

Ilf. lOANES • CYRVS • I ■ V ■ D .iuris utriusque doctor) S ■ VINC(N ■ WRAT ■ ABBAS • /CT • J2 • Bust portrait with Beret r. In the section of the bust: 1568 and that Monogram. Rf. The infected coat of arms, behind it crook:.

Poured and iced. Silver, gold plated, with versed Edge. — Beriin [from the Sanimlung Hchulthess-Kechbcrg]. This seems to me to eliminate all possible doubts. The Reading "Wost'" is just like "sometimes an error in Teutzcl'B, the artist's name is Tobias Wolff and he is the Breslauer Gold blacksmith, later in Saxon service.

1) never Hreilo (ArDil)riiBtb.>[iuii) are you Wippnii ■US dum llelnuchaiuck. fi. Shiipiuü echle«. Curioiit, l>t you Stlfl «Coat of arms.

202 A.V. Sallet,

The identity of the man in a letter from the town clerk M. La- tomas to Duke Georg von Brieg (1561) called “Master Wolffen" of the goldsmith with this Tobias is probably, but not entirely sure. This letter is about a figure of death, which, in Master Wolff's opinion, only began in... Wood cut, then covered with copper sheet or in copper to be cast by “hans fuchs Rottgisser” in Breslau — so Dr. Wernicke's expression is similar to that of Wolff orders, d. h. Portrait medals, appointed to Duke George wasn't exactly accurate: it's just Wolff's report over a round (1) figure to be cast, which is the art-loving Duke George probably to decorate his, in part built by Italian builders, still in splendid condition. remains of the existing ^) castle in Brieg may have been used.

As far as Tobias Wolff's medals are concerned, Let's wait for the monograph, which will hopefully appear soon Mr. Erbstein, I would like to say just a few words in advance. Wolff, like Friedlaender a. a. 0. proves models in Kelheimer Stein, namely after life (one of the kind in Berlin Museum), but then also, apparently on order of the Saxon court, also the bad kind of restituted suites medals, popes and long-dead Saxon princes. I saw several models of the popes in the possession of Mr. Erbstein, a model of a Saxon prince, has the Ber- liner Museum, others depict Tentzel. Wolff's medals are in silver, often gilded, and as already said, cast and chiseled.

But a third type of his work is nowhere to be found yet has been discussed in detail and yet it is the strangest

1) As far as I know ; At least I saw it many years ago. Unfortunately, so many precious ancient monuments are now being destroyed by vRestaurireu« or "restore" or "restore in a dignified manner" and like all of them the euphemisms read, destroyed.

Tobias Wolff, the Breslauei goldsmith. 203

digste, which gives us an insight into the master's studio: I mean the thinly cast, finely and slightly after-chipped lead abgttsse ^ j . The Berlin museum owns seven such pieces, I also became aware of three others. Aehn- borrowed like the great Italians of the fifteenth century, Pisano Etc., which gives us Friedlaender's excellent work in her The Germans have also been brought closer to their entire work Renaissance medalists often wore base, soft metals. Casts of their models were made and the same, certainly as ^preuves d'artiste, as "hand copies", cleanly chased; the Berliners Collection gives multiple proofs of this. But above all has Tobias Wolff carried out this procedure. One several pieces The common characteristic of the type is old, printed or written paper stuck on the back ^], perhaps has the artist wants to protect the pieces from friction. More than the silver medals, we are impressed by these casts in soft, base metal, which Friedlaender rightly praised the artist's excellence. Wolff's first Medal, that of Breslau abbot Cyrus, in silver, is a right one good, good work; with his move to Dresden in 1574 but he will be completely different; the restored suite medals and their models, like all such works, are of course despite their cleanliness, weak and without any special spirit, his but other work done according to life, and completely especially the lead casts, are works of the very first order. The Pieces of this type that I know usually have the monogram, almost always scratched, as is the year, the last being 1600. The busts, in fairly flat relief, mostly depicted by the poses, in rich clothing, with lace collars, embroidered robes the U.S. w. are of the finest, most intelligent conception; man

1) I can't be sure whether it's pure lead or logir.

2) Writing and printing certainly belong to the time of medals, the last Quarter of the 16th century.

204 A. V. Sallei, XobUs Wulff, the BresUu goldsmith.

believes the flireichigeo and chrbareD BUrgersiuänaer seven meters ago see, every wrinkle on the beautiful face is the greatest Truth and delicacy rendering, beard, hair and clothes fertilizer are presented with a playful lightness and fidelity. provides. Each of these inconspicuous little works of art offers us more enjoyment than the most sophisticated modern table ouches.

This is how we see Tobias in our Silesian goldsmith Woolly fine artist, who probably owes his famous craftsmanship enjoyed Wenzel Janinitzer in Nuremberg; unfortunately No goldsmith's work comes to ruin from his hand to have escaped'). But maybe it will still work... let our researchers in Silesia give us a cup or a similar larger work with the monogram of the excellent one to prove masters.

A.V. Sallet

1) The vCRicrle R4iid for the medal dos Cyrus o.ig wul.l from WolfTä Werk-

A. V. Sallet, Kamnaskires and his dynasty. 205

Kamnaskires and his dynasty.

Dark and little challenged by all sorts of hypotheses remains the history and numismatics of all Parthian tributaries rich, sub-Parthians, Persepolitans and you name it, often may have been called quite arbitrarily. Also the appearance the well-known Kanvaaxl mentioned by Lucian (Macrob. 16). QTjg - from which, as is well known, the alleged Mnaskires der newer coin litcrature emerged - "of the King of the Parthyaeans" can be fixed chronologically and is often mentioned and discussed, but much more than the name and the year we don't know. Maybe it's useful, everything I know of find the coins of this king in the literature and more

> We have the following coins from the aforementioned king:

1) a tetradrachm of Syrian style, the head with a light

Sideburns and BAZIAEQZ KAMNIZKIPOY NIKH

(Bartholomaei. Paris). 2) a similar drachma, the head whole

beardless, without the nickname (Prokesch). 3) one that is still uncoded

Drachma (formerly from Mr. Hoffmann^ with the same inscription,

but the Orthograi>hic KAMNAZKIPOY 2). 4) Tetradrachm

can add, to summarize -j

1) S. about Kamnaskires: Vaiix in Num. Chron. Vol. XVIII, Oardncr, Parthian roiiiagc, Monltmann, magazine. f. Niim. VII, 42. Everywhere there are always only a few Coins of the King8 Kepcben, never a larger series.

2) This should not cause us to consider two different kings. y.iniehnicn. I just remind you of the different forms of the Indo-Parthian YNAOEPPOY. rONAOAPOY n. s. w. Greek transcriptions barbarian Different names vary.

206 A. T. Sailet,

and drachma with a thoroughly Parthian character Portrait of the long-bearded king and his wife Anzaze, with Zeus Aetophoros on the back, partly dated by the years 230 and 231 of the Seleucid era, 83/81 BC. BC (Subhi-Paseha, London, Berlin, etc.). 5) Raw coins from bad silver with Kamnaskires' of the previous variety very similar ble head alone and poor writing, but sometimes completely clearly named KAMNAC • •, finally becoming completely wild: This is followed by Mordtmann (Zeitschr. f. Numism. VII, 4 1 f.) quite correctly recognizes that he is persepolitan pieces mentioned, some with the name of a VPtoAHC, TTPAATHC — whether all these continued the Kamnaskire dynasty or are just adjacent to it - that's what we're all missing Certainty, its description, etc. can be found in Mordtmann's relevant article in the Journal of Numismatics. — We So here we have a rich influence of one or more kings Named Kamniskires, Kamnaskires, precisely the Syrians Copying Seleucids, the head costumed "à la Grecque", through- from unparthian; similar to other kings who were actually bar- barbarians, e.g. the Cappadocians, of the neighboring Greek Chinese culture also strives for hair and beard. Is this Seleucid Kamniskires or Kamnaskires identical to the later long-bearded, eight-part dressed in this way, the husband of Anzaze? Who can do that? to decide I It is quite possible; the king reached as Lucian tells us, who is currently in the Macrobioi the most excellent favorite news has a very old age, so can very probably the one who wore Greek in his earlier years Man later appeared in national costume. bartholo maei placed the tetradrachm (No. I, see M6m. St. Petersb. VI. 1852) around 160 BC. «Ch.; But that's only approximately true Coin may very well be a little later, so that's it It's quite true that Kamnaskires' late coins depict the king

Kamnaskires and his dynasty. 207

The years 230 - 231 clearly show that they are already very old — 83/81 BC.

What the whole series of coins initially teaches is that that the king does not belong to the great Parthian empire, but to a smaller, neighboring state; — whether dependent or not, and from whom, whether from the Syrians or the Parthian Great kings, it is not to be decided, the coins have from the character of an independent coinage. Where he lived reigns, cannot be seen from the coins, but it is all too far away It probably wasn't from Syria, somewhere in between the Seleucid and the Arsacid Empires. That's true now little positive, as is unfortunately so often the case when dealing with the truth wants to stay *) ; but I think we can go a little further can: I believe the predecessor and therefore the (although also ^(according to the available sources, hardly doubtful) ancestry to know the Kamnaskire. Known from Bartholomaei made tetradrachm of the KafiviGKiQijg riytijCfoQog seems to me striking in style with a whimsical tetra drachma of an arsac, from Prokesch's collection in Berlin, which is also a completely unparthian, graceful nesting image and carries the same Seleucid types. I skip everything so far is suspected about the involvement of this piece and what could be nothing more than conjecture, and put Here are the images of both pieces. The absence of the title seems to speak for the priority of the Coin of Arsaces, So this Arsaces of Kamnaskires seems to me to be his predecessor in his neighboring Parthian and Syrian empires, certainly not very large empires. Whether and to what extent others here

1) Morritmann asks (Zcitschr. f. Nnm. VlI, AT\: »KamnaRkircs ruled after the IJnterfiirhnngon of the historians H7 — 7() v. Unfortunately I don't know anything about it. — (iardnor (the Parthian coinage) is also of the opinion^ that Kamnaskires is not belongs to the great arsacid kingdom. liUrian does not list him in the section beginning in which he talks about the Ar**arids. But that he belongs to Characene or minted in Susiana cannot be proven.

3Ü8 A. V. S.Uet,

Syrian attacks of the Parthian line are drawn in (a. my essay Zeitgchr. f. Nnm. I.), I dare not say I will only give a summary of the relevant information here at Schlnas. canlcD coin types of the "Kamnaskirea and its dynasty", man Please allow me to use this still uncertain naming.

Arsaces.

Hf. KHaiga head with diadem and robe, with weak Sideburns right, similar to some Seleneids. All around nm the aaf Selencid coinage taming decoration.

Rf. BASIAEflZ APZAKOY Seated Apollo with arrow nnd Rogen on the Omphalos 1. L. Monogram, below BA or BA JR. 8th Tetmdr. 16, 28. see illustration.

Samniskires or Kamnasklres.

Rear head with diadem and slight whiskers right, behind Monogram, all around the decoration of the Seleucid coins.

lif. BAZIAEflZ KAMNIZKIPOY NIKH^POY Apollo

as before 1st M. 7. Tetradrachmon.

»artbolomaei, M^m.de St.Petersb. VI, 172. Paris, see illustration.

Both copies appear identical, see Gardner, Partbian

coinage p. 60.

Kamnaskires and his dynasty. 209

2) HJ. Head as before, but without beard, rougher work; there-

behind ^ all around the decoration inhibits. 22/ BAZIAEfiZ KAMNIZKIPOY Apollo as before; nnten Z/9 or similar.

^.3. Drachma 3.65.^ Berlin (Prokesch).

3) Hf, head with diadem 1., beardless, better work. Behind it

indistinct monogram. All around the Syrian ornament.

Bf. BAZIAEfiZ KAMNAZ Apollo as before.

A, 4th drachma, formerly with Mr. Hoffmann.

4) Portrait busts with diadem, in rich Parthian costume 1.

of the long-bearded king and his wife Anzaze. Behind % Rf Enthroned Zeus Nikephoros (Nike right-hand side) 1. BACI AEÜC KAMNACKIPOY KAI BACIAICCHC AN 2IAZHC, mostly in poor, condensed books rods. Below AZ (230 of the Seleucid era = 83/82 BC) or AAC (231 = 82/81 BC)

jR. 7. Subhi Pasha. London. 15.68. On one of Subhi-Pasha's copies (which I have here in... Originally seen) is to the left of Zeus from above at the bottom there is a small inscription that we say EAKEAÜN, CAKEAÜN, read. It's close to a month recognize, but no one seems even remotely similar Month name to exist. Carrying the arsacid tetradrachms As is well known, Macedonian month names were added in later times the years of the Seleucid era. (Cf. especially about the Month names K. F. Hermann, about Greek monthly knowledge, Göttingen 1844; Hermann's textbook of religious services Antiquity of the Greeks 1846; Bergk, contributions to the Greek chisdien monthly customer 1845; all these special works give none similar to EAKEAÜN etc names). — It appears on all of these tetradrachms

Timeline for KnmUmatik. VIU. 14

tO A. Y. Sillet,

There may be a small inscription at this point, but always in ink.

clearly and so weakly, as far as I know

has never been noticed.

Similar drachmas, apparently without a year. A beautiful example in Berlio has 1. from Zeus R Uie Writing is almost never scrolling, it also says ßaatXiaijg instead of ßaailiaatig.

At.A, 3.94 - 3.9a. One example comes from Hamadan. Awful, crude and bad, illegible.

M. 1. 0.54. Berlin. From Hamadan.

Sf. Bust of the king alone, dressed as before, 1.

Bf. Wilde transcription. Bearded bust with diadem I. (a

Mitksiiig?;.

JÜ. 4. Still reasonable silver. 3.4i. Berlin (Prokesch). Ä/". Likewise, on the Ilf. the anchor (?) behind the head.

JÜ. 2. 1.93. Berlin (well half a drachma).' H/. Bust portrait as before, raw. Behind it, a star in a crescent moon

and the anchor. Rf. Bearded rough bust with diadem 1. The writing bad, but it is clear: BACIAEaC KAOHAC. ^. 8. 15,t6. Tetradracbme of inferior silver. Berlin, see picture.

Similar, without anchor, better silver and better books staves, but also barbarized: BACIAIfiCAHNAC . . . . AllftAII , well (iaailifitg Kafivaaxi^ov Stxalov to read and add.

jH. 6. Subhi Collection (forflber).

Kamnaskires and his dynasty. 211

11) Similar coins, mostly made of very poor silver

the anchor, with a star above it, often leads to the wildest barbarism distorted, sometimes pure copper. Sometimes from the embossed on the back only lines can be seen.

Pot. and ^. 6-7. Berlin. Vaux, number chron. XVIII. Gardner, num. chron. 1873. (N. S. Xin.) Plate VII, 6. The transcription of the latter Gardner reads the example HPAKAHC *) and makes assumptions in it a royal name, such as a satrap or successor of the Kamnaskire. But I can, given the eminent rarity- name of this Greek name and already in consideration of the semi- or completely barbaric fatherland of the coin, do not agree with this reading and interpretation. Several supplements Games of barbarized coins from Kamnaskire seem to me to prove that the similarity of the lettering with the HPAKAHC is a random; KAMNAC is certainly heard or a similar form of name.

These safe coins of the Kamnaskire are connected now that of Mocdtmann under the name Persepolitan Coins discussed (Zeitschr. f. Num. III p. 223 ff. and VII, 40 ff.) with Greek legends of King Hyrodes and Praates and with native inscriptions. — Whether and how Far these coins are the real successors of the Kamnaskire, or are just later, neighboring dynasts, is difficult to assume decide.

A.V. Sallet.

1) Beforehand, BA looks at

14

I

212 A. ▼. Sallet, The Coins of the Kings of Characene.

The Marches of the Kings of Characene.

The definitive critical work on coins from Characene Waddington wrote the Revue nnmismatique in volume 1,866. supplies, which are particularly special in the M^langes numismatiqnes was printed.

Waddington lists the following kings.

Occurring years of the Seleucid era.

Hyspaosines 188 ..... 124 BC BC

Apodacus 203 109,,

Tiraeus (252-262 or 264) . 60 – 51 or 54 BC BC

Attambelus I 283 or 285-317 29 or 27 BC - 5 AD

Abinerglus 321 9 AD

Adinerglus 333 21 "

Attambelus H. 363 - 372 . . 51-60 AD

Theonneses 421-431 or 434. 109 – 119 or 122 AD Attambelus IV (no coins) .

Attambelus V

Artabazus (no coins) . .

The dates that Waddington gives are up to now no propagation found, except for the one I used earlier made known Tetradrachmon of Tiraeus in Berlin from Year 252.

Later articles by Longp6rier, Blau and me still have some small additions delivered, e.g. B. King Orabzes or Obadias. Below I give based on the Berlin collection what has been around since Waddington's work about the coins of Characene; there are in essential rejections of some erroneous concepts.

A. ▼. Sallet, The Coins of the Kings of Characene. 213

Charaeene.

(see Waddington, Revue nomism. 1856. 303 - 333).

Hyspaosines, 188 the selenc. Aera = 124 y. BC ^)

Ai.8. 16.04. Bearded head BAZIAEÜZ YZnAOZINOY, v.Pn^kcsch

of the king to the right, with the right i. F. across K, bottom in *^^' Diadem. Section the year HnP.

The n have this form: IT. Heracles, with diadem on Sitting on the rock, the R. anf the Supporting club, which on the right knee rests, the L. on Rocks, imitation of the tetra drachmas of Euthydemus. This often pictured and discussed piece is no more

Unicum. Recently (1876 or 77) it was sent to Constantinople

a similar one with the same year is offered here.

Tiraens.

252 the Selenc. Aera (60 BC),

261 (264) of the Seleuc. Aera (51 or 54 AD).

^. 7. 14.07. Head of the King BACIAEfiZ TIPAIDY CÜfox.

with tiara, twisted curls ThP D C E YEP rETO Y.

and long beard right. From KAI, which is always yor

this last title is Nothing to read here, but... indirectly yor him a book bar trace, like from an A(?) Heracles like yorher. Top left EQ or similar, in the section CNB, 252. Raw letters and bad, uncertain whether C or Z

Of raw style, but still good silver. Sallet, magazine. f. Number HI, p. 249 f.

1) These and the following numbers are those which appear on the coins. come.

214

A. ▼. Sallet,

Attambelus I

283 or 285 = 29 or 27 BC. BC last known year: 317 = 5 AD

▼. Prokeach. -dR. 7. 1 3, 25 . head r. , dem similar to the previous Eönigskopf.

. ZIAEÜ . . TTAMBHA ZQTHPOC . AI EYEPrE

Heracles as before, above ta or similar. Section: **ns;

V. Prokesh. ^ . 6 V2 • H, 69. As well .

Hole.

Transcript not completely preserved. Royal title and TTAMBHAC very clear.

Section E?Z, 295.

The difference in weight of these coins^ the former of which is unfortunately Lically preserved, but the second one is pierced and rubbed off whose silver content is very small, proves how useless weighings are such ones made of bad metal and in later times in semi-bar- coins minted in baric countries. — There are down- ancient Attic tetradrachms, very imprecisely pronounced.

Attam

363 last known year: 372

Fox. (-^0 Pot. fast^., 6. Unbearded Head with diadem right. ; rotated Curls.

V. Prokesh. Pot. 6. Ebeuso. Square input stamp: M

V. Prokesh. Pot. 6. Ebcuso. Setup not so clear.

V. Prokesh. Pot. 6. Same. A stamp not clear. The head light bearded.

Pot. 6. Likewise. Stamping in right, indistinct.

belus n.

= 51 AD = 60 AD

Like before. Mostly inadequate preserved legend. Only here ATTAM B visible. Above Mon- nogram A/?

Likewise. BACI ATTAMB Mon- nogram as before.

Likewise. BA ATTAMB CcoTH

Monogram indistinct.

Likewise, you can see ATTAM. and in the section the year T=0

Likewise. MB (oTH number in Section as before, not very clearly.

The coins of the kings of Gb&racene.

215

Pot. 6. Likewise, noticeable beard. Stamping on the right, not definitely @?

Pot. 6. Likewise, without impact.

Pot 6. Likewise, with the input hit: gl in front of the head a flash? V Aach on others specimens, clearer here.

Pot. 6. Likewise [^

Pot. 6. Likewise. Behind that Head font? (Except the slide demloop] : «^ Without flash?

BACI A .... ATTAMBHA . . ▼. Prokeach. CcoTHP.K. Section TO. Above M between arm and Leg of Heracles stands up these (all?) coins this King and his successor

' a letter > ?

More unclear.

LAC I Likewise, the book ▼• Prokwch. ATT AM b staff under the CcoTHP Poor German K

Section "^^

Likewise, less complete, t. Prokuch. The letter X

Likewise, little preserved. In the ab- TOA cut

Pot 7. Likewise, without writing. ATT AM . .(oTH monogram: outhnc. Without flash. * H Under the arm 4^. ab-

cut: TOP, so probably TOB

Five more copies, with unclear numbers, so possibly obviously e.g. Th. Attambelus DI. belonging. On one of the lightning (?) ; one has the monogram M

Obadiah? Orab,.? From Longpärier ^Revue 1874 p. 136 - 143) are Parisians Coins with the supposedly safe name of a king “Obodas” and the years HNY, SY, HOY, 458, 460, 478 (146 — 166 AD) published. Our coins belong in this Series, but in no way confirm Longpörier's readings (see Sallet, Zeitschr. f. Numismatik lU, 250 ff. where incorrect ObABJ instead of O |>ABS).

«h.^\ H. Bäiiigur head with dia-

ö. ^. 7. Likewise.

BAO •/ a.ho flaai{X] 0Qa{i^... Ot>AB ^Heracles as before- ^ here, over the club

•V lunar crescent.

OBAbIA above \ (?) Heracles flPA as before.

yO".

1. ^. 8. EbeDSO. Very clear. n» »A

.OC

so about.

nAnPIA or RATPIA? probably wild. The king is called Orabzcs or Obadias, not Obodas, Roof and Esemplareo. Given the rawness of these letters and the complete wildness of Greek is certain- means saying nothing.

Indefinite queen.

The inscriptions of these coins are Aramaic [Mandaic]. Blue (Numism. Zeitschr. IX, 264) reads (right] sAv and ssntt (left) also, malka atnb, King Attambelns. — Previous Pablo- cations read ^sn tubs malka val (Scott, ^um. Chron. vol. IB p. 9 nnd malka Esag W' which is supposed to be "Arsaces" (see Thomas, Num. Chron. 1862. N. S. vol. II, p. 266.) f. vroittib. ^. 7. Bust on the right with Heracles, very crude; like before. Diadem, costume, long beard The monogram ^ above, below and full hair, similar to the arm w ( ^ ) • Right (of later arsacids. outside: OJ5 7), left of

outside; CXAO

The Coins of the Kings of Characene. 217

EVER. 6. Likewise. As well. ^-.^ under the

OCAO

Poor: —

^, 7. Likewise. As well. «Monogram less v.Prokesch.

definitely. A/. Under d. Poor H

^CAO

^. 7. Likewise. Likewise, but very carefully.

The Aramaic appears on the right Inscription za stand, under which Arm stands O, left OICAO

Shouldn't be read in the one on the left and ^MK Put a mutilated ßaatliwg on the inscription (Atnb)? — The alleged inscription ATTANB, which blue in his led essay as corresponding to the "atnb" he suspected. according to Langlois on an Attambelus coin I didn't read it correctly, it always says M, not N.

Statues of the Coin of Theonnese.

The two original known coins of Theonnese in Paris and owned by the East Indies. They have a company in London Year numbers YKA, 421 = 109 and YAA or YAA, 431 or 434, 119 or 122 AD. On the latter number see Waddington 1. c. 329.

The cast described here of a coin that is certainly authentic,

from Prokesch's collection is of historical importance

its year. A cast of the same specimen came out

Guthrie's collection here. — The original of these pieces is

have not yet been found, the casts appear to be

made according to the provenance in the Orient.

^.6. Head of the king, bearded, €ONNHCO in the section ■Tr.prokeich. with the ordinary hair- ^UiTHPC Heracles as usual tracht r., in front of a branch. homely, above

the arm V 8. about this ex. of Prokesch's S. Waddington p. 329.

218

A.y. ballet,

Guthrie.

^. 6. Cast of the same specimen, better than the previous one; you can see from the year: ^'^PF. The year can can only be added to YKr, 423 = 111 AD.

“Meredates” and “Yiphoba”.

Pot. 7. Bearded bust in female bust r. rich clothing r.

with

Right

Wall crown and diadem. . . PEAAT. . . YNA under the bust portrait. VI^OB OMAY Overprinted. On a characenic?

Pot. 7. Likewise. As well. M€P€AA, the Tunter

d. Bust portrait. BACI € VC (you) , YNA, right: YI^BA...

Pot. 7. Likewise. Likewise, you see less, but

OM..

Likewise. M€P€AAT, YNA, Yl4>.. and OH clearly.

Likewise, acceptable style. M€P€.. . . ^ORABACIABACI€Y. . .

M€P€AA

Likewise, less good. gyC

and below YNA So the inscription of these pieces is like the comparison results in : ^

M€P€AAT YI^BA BACIA Section YNA BACI€YC(sic) OMAI

Ad. de Longp^rier (Revue 1863, p. 333 f.) gives the readings even more complete, his copy has OMAN (and that ßccadevg error-free). Unfortunately, none of the examples I have available are clear in the A in Yicpoßa, but Longpärier's reading OMANO<|>IA and the translation, "aimä of Omani" seems me YölUg missed, completely unprecedented and even after the environment

V. Prokebch. Pot. 7. EbCllBO.

V. prokMch. Pot. 7. Same.

Guthrie. Pot. 7. Likewise.

The Coins of the Kings of Characene. 219

Writing impossible. I think the old reading is correct: MeQe- daT{r]g) ßaatXevg' Yupoßa ßaall{caaa) YNA = 454 d.i. 142 AD The OMAI or OMAN is of course still waiting to be discovered. clarification and there can be a hint in this word. reference to the Omani, of whom it is said (Plin. hist. nat. VI, 32, 4. Longp6rier 1. c. 338) »a Petra incoluere Omani ad Characenes usque etc. Whether the name YI<|>OBA with vlog and (Poßiio related? In any case, that is very little true- apparently. A portrait of a queen as Tyche would definitely be possible not unthinkable. — Pliny speaks in the passage cited of a city v)oppidum quod Characenorum regi paret, in Pasigritis ripa, Forath nomine«; there is a relative here schaft with the <|>OBA?

The coins certainly belong near the Characene, but they are certainly verified by the characenic kings' monks. divorced. The ones in the Berlin collection at the end are related of the indeterminate arsacids lying large pieces of potin King's head. Back: bearded head. At the YNA, for example One can probably think of the Partho-Bactrian Yndopheres, etc not possible, the year alone speaks against it.

Several of these “Meredates” coins are overstamped. Man sees someone else under the king's head, more like the Syrians similarB: like a barbaric Heliocles; probably though probably a Characene king, which is what the metal suggests.

A.V. SalleL

220 J. Friedlaender, letters from Eckhel.

by Eckhel.

The letter I had given earlier and that I add two more to those communicated by the editor on page 121, I own the originals.

The first is also addressed to Countess Bentink. She had without a doubt the traditional principles are forbidden, he speaks So to her as if from a third person: “Your Excellency, that Frau Countess asks," and she replies, as we will see below- that, in the same form. The letter also begins without anyone Salutation at the top of the page.

The letter published on page 121 has the same characteristics, therefore I believe that this is also addressed to the Countess. He too is addressed to “Your Excellency” and starts at the top the page without salutation. Eckhel writes that he is always sincere and especially “against such a revered person,” like this he probably wouldn't write to a man. It's true, he needs some coarse expressions; but at that time spoke one was a suitor, and the lady was very old. He tells her in all These letters unambiguously tell the truth, even where it is had to be unpleasant to her, e.g. B. that they bought counterfeit coins has bought.

I also don't want to believe that this is the beginning Letter was missing. The first sentence: “Ew. Excellency this mine “Communicating observations” is the same as being in the middle which occurs in the same letter: "U e b e r v a n D a m e 's m i r a-

J. FriedUender, letters from Eckhel. 221

v

“unknown work” as it were, an overview or summary of the contents of what follows. And the context shows that this is the case Points about which she asked for information, which he therefore repeated nm to answer them. The same thing happens here in the following letters, where he also repeats her questions. Tor he answered them.

Accordingly, I believe that p. 12t was also published Letter addressed to the Countess, like the two in my possession it certainly is. And whoever reads them all three in a row will find the tone in everyone.

To explain the place that his ancient and worthy friend v. Dammers was angry with him because he wanted to answer hesitates, one might assume that the Countess is initially under him the pseudonym v. Dammers wrote; she was one witty, somewhat strange woman who would like to hear such jokes can trust. — But this is just a hypothesis.

Here is an example of how they interacted with each other. It lies presented me with a piece of paper on which he wrote:

S. E. la Comtesse Bentinck m'a envoyä dans sa demiere lettre la description d'une mödaille en or de son Cabinet avec la legend in the cote: AEL-EVDOCIA-AVC- de l'autre: VOT* XXX-MVLT-XXXX- The EVDOCIA is effective Bur la mödaille, et ne faut il pas lire EVDOXIA, comme je le suppose? Abbä Eckhel.

And she wrote underneath:

Monsieur l'abbe Eckhel a bien dit comme en tout EVDO CIA* apres XXXX il y a un petit B et un as.

Her handwriting is stiff, old-fashioned and uncertain, just like that an old lady. The first of the letters reads:

I have the honor of answering the questions asked of me immediately and to be answered without further ado.

I

222 J* Friedlaender,

How to do it with the arrangement of the d'ennerischen*) satisfied with the catalogue? Very bad. Besides that the old-fashioned way is retained, which makes it so difficult to find out from the infinite subdivisions, like this It is also brimming with endless flaws, namely one The kind you wouldn't easily forgive a beginner. Man must be astonishing, coming from France, with his erudition does so big and likes to belittle us Germans, such a thing seeing annoying stuff appear. I speak impartially, because I don't know the author.

What I think of the conquests for Rabinet Your Excellency the Countess? However, a lot according to the term that is generally used for medallions have maintained. Because you always have a high level of respect a cabinet, which is a sizeable suite of this type can boast medals, and by this standard it has I know your Excellency's collection has gained a lot. After Judging by my (perhaps just my own) taste, because I only use old coins based on the benefit you get from them objective, but not judged by its size, is what it is for me a collection of medallions does not have any exquisite appeal, especially since it is impossible^ a proper consequence of this to be able to preserve the species and one is consequently forced to the gaps through contorniats, the most miserable numismatic witness, to fill in; and so it had to be necessary in the Collection of the d'Ennery happened, because as beautiful as it is, For example: Nero and Trajan consist almost entirely of each other Contorniats Another difficulty with this class is, all authentic pieces that are not suspected of being adulterated can fall,' because the adulterators in general have stuck to this class that has been so constantly admired.

1) d'Ennery.

Letters from Sckhel. 223

The previously so criticized collection of medallions of the Kar- thouses in Rome that belonged to Emperor Charles VI. Purchased for 24,000 gold has it, and is currently in my custody, In my opinion, there are a lot of false and suspicious pieces.

In general, among the pieces that go to Ham- castle >) and are currently in such valuable hands. There are a lot of attractive ones that I also keep an eye on had. I sent a considerable amount of money to Paris to emigrate to highlight from the entire d^ennery collection what kind would have been good for me. But because people thought it was good, they thought so Selling coins by whole lots is something I never do If I had agreed, the money was sent back to me and I got nothing. By the way, I really wanted the pieces under the numbers 2298. 2315. 2424. 246G. 2182 from literary to be able to see their intentions; because but this because of the If it cannot happen properly at a great distance, that would be it no matter, these marked pieces with tinfoil and plaster, or to take an impression with isinglass if someone is in Ham- Burg knows how to give it away. But that's not why I want to too much concern. At the end of this article I have to I stand by your Excellency on this conquest on the one hand 80 wish you luck when I envy you on the other hand.

What I think about coin no. 2420 memorial? That them because of the reverse ^ which undoubtedly refers to the sin of Noe, one of the most interesting coins of antiquity be. I have already heard about this from Falconeri and P. Frölich have written about this, including my thoughts on paper brought, which will be found in my ars critica numaria, if she should ever see the light of day. Exactly This lapel can be found in the cabinet of the Emperor, the Kc'mig

1) The Orifln last lived in Hambarg.

224 J* FriedUender,

of France and the Grand Duke ^) and always only on Coins from Apamea in Phrygia.

Why I have no respect for the cabinet Mr. van Damme? Herein, I sincerely confess, There must be a huge misunderstanding. The fame that I deserve it by all rights, partly for certain reasons. judge^ partly known from the öchantillons, which he gave me in sau- from time to time, and about what I was extremely delighted. We were in letters with each other change, which he stopped doing several years ago. If he is not dead, which I don't know, then maybe he likes others had reasons unknown to me. Maybe he's closed very patriotic; because as far as I remember he kept his Letters at the very time when our emperor was in Holland made claims. But what's wrong with the trip? for a connection with old rusted coins? He still should be in life, and your Excellency exchange letters with him, like that I would be very happy to replace this brave friend with one In a roundabout way, I would like to assure you of my utmost respect.

Son Excellence m'annonce fierement 5 or 6 new Rois, Reines, and Tyrans de Sicile. I just don't want to be so fiery, When the desire comes to me, these pretended Rois, Pure, Tyrans would be a false commodity without first theirs Having seen credits. But I'm afraid, I'm afraid - — In the meantime it remains with the attendant.

^Havercamp's numismatic works (for he wrote about more other objects, but at least as much the numismatics matics, rambling to the point of disgust, shallow and miserable), In addition to the 2 already known ones:

1) by Toftcana.

Letters from Eckhel. 225

1. TheBaaniB Morellianns, sive Familiarnm Romanaram nnmismata. Amstelodami 1734 in a dense (eic) volume in folio.

2. Thesanri Morelliani, sive Schlegelii, Hayercampi, Gorii commentaria in XII. prioram Imperatornm nnmismata de- lineata from Andrea Morellio. Amstelodami 1752 in 3 volumes the one in folio.

3. Philippi Pamtae, et Leonardi Angnstini Sicilia nnmismatica, studio et industria SiGeb. Havercampi. Lugduni Batavorum 1723 in a dense volume in folio.

In the second work he often writes about coins from Apollo

lonia, as often as many coins from this city appear in it.

Also in the 3rd work he explains their coins on page 801. Uebri-

gens would be the shortest route, me. to report what the

There is doubt. Because, to speak briefly and sincerely, I

I will always enjoy it, Your Excellency,

as such a rare phenomenon, according to my ability

serve.

Abbe Eckhel mp.

Vertartar.

NS.

If it's no secret, I wish I knew how dear your Excellency the collection of medallions and Bought account rentals.

Mr. van Damme sent me, as I said above, some ächantillons from his Eabinet's coins. It's closed suspect that he still has several coins engraved in copper let. I would like to receive news about this, and if so it is like this, to make me know at the same time where or how to

»

she could get. But I'm a little too bold, like that Demands from one so worthy and worthy of reverence to make a lady.

Z«IUehriA for NomUniatlk. VIII. 15

226 J- Fiiedlaander,

The time of this undated letter results from that Ennery's catalog was published in 1788. She bought from this collection are the medallions and the contomiates. The Pieces of these series that Eckhel asks about are strange dignified ice coins from cities in Asia Minor and Contomiates, although he is scolding this class here.

Another considerable part of Ennery's collection The French numismatist Töchon later owned it I take it from Mionnet (Supplement Y, p. 267 note).

I prefer the collection of Countess Bentink, who has one herself stately catalog in three volumes with illustrations (in the third) print Hess and gave away, Schlichtegroll has in Munich In 1815, on behalf of the heir, an advertisement was filed for the purpose of a written in its entirety.

Van Damme's collection was to be auctioned in 1807 a directory appeared, but she is lucky before the distraction lich saved, into the royal. reached the coin cabinet in the Hague, which contains great treasures, especially Roman gold coins, also several gold medallions - one of the Galla plaques cidia — which probably come from this source.

The following letter is to Fr. Nicolai; the work which Eckhel to review it in the General German Library siren asks is: Numi veteres anecdoti, 1775.

Vienna d. April 19, 776.

Most honorable gentleman!

I take the liberty of providing you with a copy

to have an antiquarian work created by me,

and at the same time to ask her in an unknown way to do the same

to be incorporated into a very respected library. Because I myself

-^.

Letters from Rckhel. 227

If necessary, I am the publisher of the work in question I also make it a point to look for friends whose obliging assistance made it known among the scholars will. My intention is not to receive undeserved applause from them and praises, and I am satisfied if they by judging it as much as it really is can apply according to the judgment of scholars. But they will It is easy to see that this work, even if the The observations and explanations contained therein are not always correct are the most thorough, yet through the acquaintance of so many monuments for philology that have never appeared before can be valid. All I have to remember here is that this work consisting of 2 parts is already complete, and no other part follows. It will be here with Mr Joseph Kurzböcken sold for a Species Ducat.

I ask you to give me the opportunity to give them the opportunity to be able to return their service and remain with all respect

The most devoted servant Joseph Eckhel.

Ms. Nicolai wrote on the first page:

Correctly received. and will for the reviews. bear worries. And because the reviewers are very busy, I will cannot determine the time with certainty, some examples.

A list of Eckher's works is available in New German. schen Mercur 1798, 9th piece p. 66 and f. given. Latin Odes and a grammatical explanation of the Prophet Hag- he had written gai in his youth.

In the intelligence sheet of the Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung 1793

III. p. 529; 1796 I. p. 425; 1798 II. P. 385 are reviews

of his works by the Oestreich court councilor Franz Lerse in

15*

228 J- FriedUender, letters from Eckhd.

Vienna; This is Goethe's Strassbarger friend, whom he met in Gtötz has immortalized.

An epigram by M. Denis, the see Sined the Bard called, is:

Eckhelium brevis hora tulit, sed Diva Moneta Scripta viri secum yivere secla inbet.

J. Friedlaender.

Miscellaneous. 229

M i s c e 1 1 6 n.

Coin find. One near Mahlow not far from Zossen, so few I have had a denarius find made miles from Berlin, which is interesting because of the relatively large number, 7 under 418, with which the rare obols are represented in it were; Besides, he didn't offer anything remarkable. The coins are all Brandenburg, namely: BRAND8B0R6 Weidhas V, 5 (6 ex.) — OTTOMARCHIO Rep. IV, 6 (26 ex.) — Otto IV & Konrad Wdh. V, 14 (3 copies) — Albrecht IH H Rep. V, 13 (69 ex.) — Rep. IH, 16 (3 ex.) — Rep. IH, 17 (66 copies) — Obol Rep. III, 19 (2 copies) — Obol Rep. IH, 21 (5 ex.) — reps IV, 10 (10 ex.) — reps IV, 11 (1 ex.) — Rep. IV, 12 (1 ex.) — Rep. IV, 14 (24 ex.) — Rep. IV, 15 (5 ex.) — Rep. IV, 19 (56 ex.) — Rep. V, 2 (107 ex.) — Reps V, 3 (1 ex.) — Reps V, 13 (69 ex.) — Reps V, 20 (23 copies). H.D.

To the denarius of the Princess of Brandenburg Petrissa (p. 187) I note that the name of the saint Petrissa as a companion of St. Ursula is not unknown. is known. In Langebeck Scriptores rerum Danicarum Part VIII is a Catalogus reliquiarum conventuum fratrum minorum Kos- kildensium et hafniensium printed in which several times Relics of Petrissa are called (pp. 282-284, 289, 290, 305). Most of the time it just says: de Sancta Petrissa virgine, or: vir- Gine et Martire; But on p. 289 it says: Caput Sanctae Petrissae virginis de societate XI milium virginum. J. Friedlaender.

230 literary.

Literature.

M. Bahrfeldt: The coins of the city of Stade. Vienna 1879. 80. P. 82. With 4 plates illustrations.

A diligent compilation of the coins themselves and all News relating to the exercise of the coinage right attached texts of the documents, so that this is covered more often topic may be exhausted. The oldest stamps are the two denarii from the first half of the year, which have been discussed several times XI. Century with A6NVS DEI and with Kaiser Heinrichs HI image; Only people will not agree with the author Dsurin that he sees a city coin in the former. If the City name and the lack of a reference to the Münzherm should decide how many city coins we would have from that XI. Century, a time in which, according to general Unity of understanding is historically impossible! The long gap until to grant the right to mint to the city (by Archbishop Hilde- bold 1272) is illustrated by me in this journal. VII, p. 161 published denarii (Henry the Lion) to some extent filled. Mr. Bahrfeldt gives them in the supplements p. 385 vol. XI the Viennese numism. Magazine ^) noting that he her rather, Henry the Lion's son, Count Palatine Henry would like to assign, but without giving reasons for it; a The reason for Henry the Lion is clear from my quote sheet f.

1) A review Tontehendei treatise in d. Sheet f. Coin f^ennde p. 684 used by Dr. Grote to invektlven against me, which I with silence pass over. Only if he blames me for giving these denarii to Mr Bahrfeldt, I have to reply to him that this advantage This is particularly bad because almost every booklet contains his coin studies Coins that I shared with him. Just read what Dr. Grote Vol. VI d. Coin Studies and Vol. V: “An essay by Dannenberg on the Lip- "Pical Coins of the Middle Ages" is known in its entirety. passages made verbatim in the paper dealing with the same subject "I have taken my coins and whatnot to Mr. Grote I had already written about it, handed over for any use. Is Is this probably the process of a collector who hides his inedita?

Literature. 231

Mzkde III, plate VI, 107], the find in question contained an safe Dated coins only a few denarii, the Grote (p. 266 a. a. 0.) probably rightly condemned to the lion. — The oldest products of city coins like among the silent bracteates stuck, the oldest verifiable ones are small western denarii Falish style from the end of the 14th century, then Witten and Groschen from the end of the 15th century century, to which the oldest 'titer stamps from 1510 and 1512 follow. Thaler and Doppelthaler start with 1616 (half thaler already in 1615], gold is not embossed; the not numerous row of coins closes over- main with a thaler from 1686. H. D.

Erbstein: Coin history about Langensalza from the Xin., XIV. and XV. centuries. Dresden 1878. 8». 32 p. with 1 tablet. Image.

We know that the city of Salza, today's Langensalza from the dynasts of Salza towards the middle of the XTV. century to the Archbishopric of Mainz and the Meissnian Landgrave of Thuringia passed over half, we already knew from that commemorated period (XIIIth - XVth century) 4 coins (bracteates), about which in Posem's works Sachs. Mz. in M. A. p. 140 follow. is traded. The HH. Authors do not add or correct only the previous historical news notices in particular- lich with reference to the salt ash depicted on the edge Coat of arms of the Bracteate plate XXH, 45 near Posern that the- the same not from Archbishop Heinrich, but from a gentleman from Salza is beaten by several in the second quarter of the XTV. Century. had the names Hans and Heinrich, but they also add to prominent coins, 3 of which represent the dynast, 1 belongs to the archbishop, a fifth belongs to the secular Co-owner of Langensalza, from whom none have been added yet Coins were present. The same is also a brake teat, which has the Meissen helmet decoration, the so-called Jew's head, double, with facing faces, and the inscription SLTIGZTI

232 Literature.

carries. I have to add Berl's. Sheet V, plate 63 no. 6

published bracteate <) HD.

»

Magazine of the Harz Association for history and age thnmskunde.

Vintage Xu, 1879.

We have often consulted with this solid magazine had to deal with which numismatic essays in not contains small numbers. The present vintage 1879 is also considers their 2 to be of importance again

a) On the coinage of the Counts of Wernigerode, by G. A. V. Mttlverstedt, pp. 600 to 610, with printed illustrations.

b) Count's Stolbergian showpieces (mercy pennies). the XVI. Century from £d. Jacobs, pp. 611 to 633, with a Lightstone printing panel.

In the latter treatise we are presented with 3 Schaupfennige- led, of which only the second so far has been led by Count Christoph, was known from 1568 (Köhler Mzbelust. XXI, p. 137. The first without writing, in a lead and a silver cast available, assigned to Count Ludwig (born 1505 f 1574) meadows, the third, like the second of gold, comes from Count Wolf Ernst (born 1546 f 1606) and bears the year number 1590. The author goes into more detail about the life the fates of these gentlemen and the mottos of the belonging to this illustrious house.

In the former essay, Mr. v. Mülverstedt look around about the coins of the house of the Counts Wer-, which expired in 1429 nigerode, which with the exception of the oldest with WGRNI68R0D In the absence of any transcription, they are only designated by their specific familiar coat of arms of the two trouts or one as a helmet pretty appearing trout become recognizable and adds

1) A mine. The additional sheet that has since been received has this small omission well done.

Literature. 233

the three further ones described by Leitzmann and me, all of them- dear, like the previously known bracteates, added. Like myself already (Berl. Bl. IV, p. 197] my concerns about the production cannft of the cap with the 3 thieves' cross-shaped ones Fischen (Bert. BI. IV, plate 49 no. 3) had expressed, like this says Mr. y. Mülverstedt the same only much more decisively, in such a way that he used these bracteates for heraldic reasons away from Wernigerode, but without them another to look for home. Didn't that go too far? especially in view of the denarius in Weidhas plate IX, 14 a, where the Brandenburg eagle exactly the same, three times, thief- arranged in a cr^uZ' shape. It seems to me that the old ones Die cutters have not always observed the laws, which we are accustomed to observe today as heraldic; partly they were probably not fixed at all times, partly they may have been They are not always familiar to die cutters, sometimes in the end Of course, the necessity had to be maneuverable, the embossing annually or still to change more often, multiple freedoms on this side too apologize.

In the XIU. Years (ISSO) are described by Th. Stenzel (p. 2S9 — 304 and 304 — 319] the coin finds from Güntersberge and Wallhausen. He delivered 9 gold ones and around 170 silver ones Coins from the 15th century Year up to the 80s, minted in the lands between Prussia and the Rhine, this 750 Silver coins, dating back to 1563, in the Composition known to some similar discoveries: Danzig, Chur, Styria and (Abbey) Thoren are the outermost ones indicating boundaries. Finds from the former are rare the Borbecker Groschen from Abbess Sophia v. Food (Mzstud. m, plate XII, 14).

The same issue contains an essay by Dr. Grössler about the seals of the towns of the Mansfelder See circle. In the same (p. 280) there are bracteates of the gentlemen

234 literature.

from Alsleben with 3 rosettes and a pinnacle above it very running bears mentioned. Shouldn't there be a misunderstanding here? niss prevails and not the bracteate in Schoenemann (z. patriland Mzkde] p. 54 no. 76? H. D.

Friedlaender, Jnlius, the Italian shows coins of the fifteenth century (1430 — 1530). Issue I. 42 p. 40 with VII collotype plates. Berlin 1880. Pasture man. (10 marks.)

The content-rich first issue of this long-awaited work, a fruit of four years of dedicated study, gives in the Introduction an overview of the previous almost all, with Except for Möhsen's notes published in the last century and Armand's fiery work, completely uncritical and worthless Literature, as well as a detailed look at the technology of those excellent, cast and chased works ^) and a chronological series of artists, many of them Armand's Correcting and supplementing the series based on our own research. In addition, this first issue looks at the earliest and at the same time the most important manufacturer of cast and chased pieces Foam coins, Victor. Pisanus — Vittore Pisano or Pisani — born in Veronese around 1380, died in 1451. The The description of his medals includes a very interesting biography. phical notes ahead, which of course like most really critical works of the type committed more corrections Errors of unscientific scribes, as rich material included. Unfortunately, we are almost only limited to the full wording communicated, very important as a picture of the time, but essentially 6e only offer academic praise for the artist.

1) Because these are the hallmarks of a truly valuable original. Old one Nnciselif pours have little value in the eyes of the knowledgeable, if Even the usual, often highly paid auction goods, good and bad without contains all special items mixed up. Distinguish originals from copies Being able to do so seems to only be available to a few, although it is just as easy is like distinguishing a good engraving from a bad one.

Literature. 235

density of his contemporaries, otherwise we would only have sparse lic dry data. Of particular importance is the cut across Pisano's now almost completely disappeared paintings and the correct artistic appreciation, which Friedlaender the few that have so far been so strangely overlooked by art connoisseurs excellent paintings by this master. For the short comments about Pisano's drawings click here added that the copper engraving cabinet of the Berliner Mu- lakes by Pisano's hand has a boar hunt, which with the the same depiction on the medal of King Alfonso on The closest thing to the style and race of the dogs. Also in Louvre there are several studies on the animals on Pi- sano's medals, for example the billy goat, which was used for the horn redesigned on the medal of Cecilia Gonzaga (No. 19) appears. The following section discusses Pisano^'s medals and begins with strict criticism of, again Armand's careful skilled work excepted; mostly incredibly bad lite rature, in which, for example, a medal made after 1464 attributed to Pisano, who died in 1451, etc. more. The finest example of barbaric ignorance in these Questions are probably the fact that in a modern art Building the replica of the self-portrait of Yittore Pisano as a picture by the sculptor Nicolo Pisano, who was two centuries older emblazoned. Just for this thorough critical cleaning you have to we are truly grateful to the author. — It finally follows a list of Pisano's medals, which contains 31 pieces Meisters - four more than Armand - listed and precisely writes, often with new ones, the previous ones (if they exist at all were already given) essentially corrective and changing Interpretations of the representations, e.g. B. which is replaced by a Latin Poem of the time completely safe explanation of the back of the Inigo d'Avalos depicting the shield of Achilles; one graceful execution of the in its entirety, of course, for the

236 Literature.

Plastic impossible description of Homer. — Those included Colotype panels by A. Frisch are very successful and impressive the power and majesty of this extraordinarily beautiful, of truly ancient grandeur and grace, if works that also followed the new paths of the Renaissance recognize. Equally great in the portrait as in the figure- rich representation of the back, especially animals and in front above all the noble horse in masterly, most ideal truth acting, Pisano's works will always amaze and inspire awe of all art lovers and hopefully the future cause enthusiasm among artists. — The remaining issues of Excellent works will appear in rapid succession, already is the beginning of the second, the medals of Matteo de' Pasti. the court artist of Sigis, who was almost equal to Pisano mouth containing Pandulf Malatesta from Rimini. A.v. S.

Head, B. V., a guide to the select Greek and Roman coins. London, British Mus. 1880. 2nd edition 128 pages and VII plates (price V2 Crown or 2Y2 Mark).

A hard-working, useful work, like all other publications of the British Museum. Head gives constant reference to sculptural works of antiquity have a different which epochs - perhaps too much so - are richly structured. Choosing the most important and beautiful ancient coins of the British. museum. The descriptions are short, but give everything stylistically as well as historically and mythologically important. One I would like to allow myself a small contradiction: p. 40 No. 37 The well-known, beautiful gold stater from Rhodes is made from the find from Sayda in the period 400 - 336 BC. set. He is but probably later; the discovery of Sayda was made in 311 BC. BC dig and the few staters of Rhodes in it were almost all fresh from the stamp. — The included seven well-done The light-printed panels provide an instructive overview of the

Literature. 237

most beautiful and important coins of antiquity, and you have to be grateful to the liberality of the British Museum that they For such a small sum, science spread to the widest circles spread helps. A« v. S.

C. F. Keary, the coinages of Western Europe. London 1879. 80. 146 pp. with 4 plates of autotypic illustrations.

The deep darkness that accompanied the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the arrival of the Germanic swarms of people to lighten something by means of coins is a difficult but very welcoming company. The Lord The author, who has set himself this task, breaks down his taken from the Numismatic Chronicle Vol. 18 and 19, according to the subtitle: “economy of the early middle ages” and the content itself determines the national economic side of the question. special emphasis treatise in four sections, the first of which those that cannot be classified with certainty are based on the Roman patterns closely following first attempts at Germanic influence has as its object, while the second and third parts more or less break away from the Roman influences loosened, independent coinage of the Vandals and Eastern Goths, and those who followed them in time, the Merovingians, Bur- Gunder, Visigoths and Longobards employed, the latter finally the creation of a silver coinage, which lasts for a long time Gold replaced the predominant gold at that time, as well as the older Most English coins are the subject. It comes how already clear from the above, not both to the author Aim to provide a list of all relevant coins, as what is characteristic and distinctive in the numismatic to highlight phenomena among the tribes mentioned, and show the causes that occur in the development of their Coins were active. The ones in particular are difficult The last paragraphs touched on questions that Mr Keary, in connection with

238 Litetator.

lean on the relevant research from Dirks to answer seeks, he leads the introduction that took place before the Carolingians the silver standard instead of the Merovingian gold standard mainly from the predominance of Germanic influence and the circumstances that those who remained in their fatherland Germanic peoples' preference for the old, as already witnessed by Tacitus, had never laid down heavy (pre-Neronianj denarii (saigae), But why do you think so, like Soetbeer (Forsch, e.g. German. business Vol. IV, p. 243 following) noted that the gradual use and other losses explained disappearance of the - there is not enough gold supply to be renewed among the last Merovingem must be added. What the development of oldest Anglo-Saxon mint system that concerns us in the small, mostly unwritten ones known as Sceattae

As opposed to silver coins, Mr. Keary assumes the hypothetical

•

thesis his refuge that long before the Anglo-Saxon Invasion (449), already in Carausius' time on both sides of the There were strong Anglo-Saxon colonies on the canal whose help was Carausius, the Gomes littoris Saxonici the diadem achieved. The silver denarii of Carausius with which he gave them ' repaying this assistance, Mr. Keary regards as the models many of these Sceattae, the greater number of which are Roman Copy role models. From one of these denarii, not like you hitherto usually done, from the known small bronzes with VRBS ROMA he leads the frequent sceatta style with the more or less disfigured she-wolf with the twins, and puts forward the certainly correct sentence that imitations always have coins of the same metal as a pattern.

The following should be highlighted and added in detail noticed. The author rejects it on the basis of supposedly better preserved copies of Friedlaenders Hunnerich and only wants one recognize the disfigured Honorius (p. 34). The silver coin with AM€NITAS D€l (p. 78) is not by Theodebert, but by

Literature. 239

Theodosius, Sobn of Manricius (Rev. Beige in. S^r. Vol. I, Plate I, 4). Among Dagobert's Tremissen would be the interesting one moneta Palatii of Eligius (M6m. St. P6t. I, plate 3) and below the Longobard coins the bracteates (V2 Siliqnae) of Pertarix (see Köhne VI, plate VII, 1st p. Quintino, mon. dei Lon- gob. and celebrities, mon. dei Rome. pontef. p. 101) as the only should be mentioned because of their silver coinage. Not to be missed silence is that sometimes, e.g. B. in plate III, 10 illustration and text do not match, and that proof of the educations have made the excellent book even more useful

would.

H.D.

Poole, Stanley Lane, Catalog of the Oriental Coins in the British Museum. Vol. IV. London 1879. (XXX, 279 pp. 8 Taff.) The coinage of Egypt: under the Fatimee Khaleefehs, the Ayyoubees and the Memlook Sultans.

From the excellent catalog of the Eastern coins zen of the British Museum, the fourth volume is now available us the Egyptian coins from almost six centuries uninterrupted succession. This section of the Lon- Doner's collection is particularly rich and there is already one almost complete medieval coinage history Egypt.

Of course, our historical sources now flow for this Part of the Mohammedan world quite abundant, so that We learn fewer new facts from the coins of its rulers learn from those of Central Asia or Spain Dynasts - but the Egyptian ranks also offer interesting enough. Egypt in the middle old, extremely strange dynasts: the Fatimids their radical Shiite teaching, the Ajjubideu with Sa- Ladin's brilliant figure begins, and the Mamluks theirs The Praetorian Empire had hardly any equal. The religious ones

240 literature.

Dogmas and the political power of some, the limitless abuse Economy of others is also reflected in the coins.

Particularly interesting among the coins that come to us are Poole's Catalog offers, the three dinars of the Fatimid vizier el Afdal, which the same in the years 525 and 526 d. Fl. in the name of “expected” twelfth Imam. He describes himself even on that of 526, which gives the solution to the riddle, as Governor of this mythical personality, on whose return appear he hoped. So far only two of the coins have been from 525 it is known how these late Fatimid imprints are very rare.

After the death of the Ajjubid, Salih Ajjub, as Ae- Egypt by the Crusaders under Louis the Saint the utmost seemed to be under pressure, but seized upon it in his absence Heir to the throne Turanshah, the widow of Salih Shagar eddurr the reign. The Franks were soon defeated and Shagar-eddurr could, since Turanshah had died in the meantime was to appear openly as ruler in 648. But that one Khalif withheld his approval of this women's government and so on After just two and a half months she laid down the master abolished in favor of their Emir Eibek. Shagar-eddurr married him and he ascended the throne as the first of the mothers sheet sultans. The British now own this princess Museum a dinar, which in every respect is one of the strangest oldest Arabic coins. The queen calls herself on it: the Mustasimish because it originally belonged to the Khalifa el Mustasim had heard the Salihish after her deceased Husband, the Queen of the Muslims and the mother of Melik el Mansur, the friend of the Prince of the Faithful bigen. According to the historians, who use these titles in a very similar way-

1) Apart from her, there are currently three Mohammedan princesses Coins known: from Padishah Ghatun of Kerman, from Satibeg from the QeADE Hulagus and from Radijat-eddin of Delhi.

Literature. 241

This Melik el Mansnr was a man who died early Child she had by Salih Ajjub. How she came to this naming themselves zn after this dead boy remains unclear.

There is also a dinar from her third husband, Eibek is in the London collection. Unfortunately he is through double became difficult to read; but in fact there seems to be one Salih Ajjub's stamp is fifteen to twenty years older used to have only the name of the new Sultan on it added to a very humble place. It's not an old stamp used, one must assume that Eibek used it for good only as vizier of the Ajyubid house, who had the inheritance His deceased master's estate managed to appear.

The long line of Mamluk sultans - in 266 years No fewer than 49 rulers ruled! — is of course also not complete in London. Of rulers who lived here The Berlin collection, which is certainly on a par, is missing Barakeh Chan and Shehab-eddin Ahmed. This was important But the most important piece that the Royal Collection has before the others ahead is a dinar of the very great Imam el Musta[in bijllah abulfa[dl|, that is, that Abbasid Khalifa, who was installed as ruler for a while in 815 and was the last of his family to hold worldly power. has sat 1) .

The dinar number 698, which cannot be determined, is interesting Catalogs: the abunnasr Hasan, who coined ilin, belongs the latest Mamlukeian period, but does not seem to be historically determined. to be known. While the raw factory of this coin already indicates an ephemeral rebuke, our cabinet has one completed delicate dinar from the year 894, its minter also cannot be identified.

Until now there were only coins from two mints in Egypt

1) Mr. Dr. Martin Hartmaiin, to whom I gave this coin when he arrived had noticed the presence here, ncnorlings were so happy, among the in- certs to discover a copper coin from the same Khalifa in his collection

Magazine for Namismatics. VIII. 16

242 Literature.

known, from Alexandria and Cairo-Fostat. Now step on one late Fatimid Dinar Qus added; from the company of this Mttnz> By the way, Makrizi also speaks. As far as I know, that is The piece in question is the only coin that is actually in Ober- Egypt is defeated; all others, ancient Byzantine era> some, come from the lower country. That for the inland The city of Qus is probably to thank for the fact that an exception was made its location at the junction of the highly important trade route to the red sea.

From the foreign mints of the Egyptian rulers shear, which Poole's catalog demonstrates, is one of particular their importance: Mecca. Here in the year 366 there is a Fatim Indian dinar minted; the year before the city was of one Egyptian armies were occupied. By the way, I have in the Royal collection of an even older coin from the holy city found a dirhem that was struck there in the year 289: he only bears the name of el Muktefi.

Finally, I would like to mention one more apparition to draw everyone's attention to the Egyptian coins must alienate numismatists. The Fatimid gold coins hold a completely normal and fixed weight, nnter The Ajjuhids are already beginning to experience wonderful fluctuations among the Mamluks - as Poole describes in the preface - I really notice how after many weighings I only can confirm - the unheard of that the gold coins have no fixed weight at all. Man compare the following numbers, all of which are based on gnt Obtain dinars.

Beibars: grm. 8.2 - 7.5 - 5.9 - 4.4. Qelaun: ,, 7.2 - 6.5 - 4.1.

en Nasir M(»hammed: ,. ll,o — 7.9 — 7.1 — 6.9 — 6.5 —

6.a - 4.9.

it Salih him en Nasir: ,, 7.1 - 6.2 - 6.o.

en Nasir Hasan: ,, 8.6 — 5.4 — 4.1.

LiterateDT. 243

Shaban

Ali

Barquq

Farag

el Mostain

Sheikh el Mahmudi

grm.9.7 — 9.1 — 5.9 — 5.3.

10.0 - 9.0.

15.1 - 11.1 - 9.5 t - 8.9 - 7.2 - 5.7. 16.9 - 10.7 - 7.0 - 3.6 - 3.4. 3.5. 9.2 - 3.4.

From then on, a regular weight begins again, that in good specimens 3.44 grm. is. I know one Such lack of lying can only be explained by the fact that one in Egypt was obliged to weigh gold coins for trade as was the case with so many glass weights testify. Of course one should think that if the state ever recognized such use no longer paying attention to the weight of his coins, he stopped minting them could have saved itself entirely. However, it was always one Guarantee for the content of the gold piece if it has the name the Sultan wore.

The silver coins also vary in weight, but they do This has little effect on these thin pieces of bad metal to say. Adolf Erman.

Schlumberger, G., Le trösor de San' & (Monnaies him- jaritiques). Paris. 1880. 4^.

While only a few Himjaric muuzes are known so far Mr. Schlumberger succeeded in 1879 At Constantinople a larger one was built a long time ago in Sana to purchase the desired number. In a luxuriously furnished Pnbliealion he has now published these interesting pieces and widely discussed.

The few Bimjari coins that used to come to light occurred, could probably be arranged in the following way: 1) Imitation of ancient Athenian drachmas, on

'the cheek a Hindu N; has a similar coin

already a Himjarian legend and the monogram of the

later. (Both in London.)

16*

^^

i - * •

• \.

.♦- r>

K.<:

ii

H » L*.

.» 'ry

« t

».

. '*-

...i*

^ , . ■ »*

Uteralu. 245

he reDd he after small variations in the shape of the LockeUi Ealenfedem, the oil krog n.s.w. move his coins to J5 which classes separate, results from the magistrate names as follows: ende, it seems to me, is much simpler and more natural Order:

a] Av. Head with long, stiff curls.

Rev. 1) still without a municipal name; around the owl a rise writing in non-Himjaric characters, perhaps only Barbarization of a Greek inscription or is it just the detached contonres of the owl?; you compare them Example Plate I, 2. 3. 8 and others. ; next to it barbaric) AOE. (Schlumb. Type 1-5 = No. 1-17 of his plate).

2) Two monograms; without the barbarized legends.

Schlumb. Type 6 No. 18-19.)

3) Two other monograms.

(Schlumb. Type 9 - 11 = No. 29 - 36.)

4) like a3; just a different monogram on the left.

Schlumb. Type 7 - 8 = No. 20 - 2S,.

6th Av. Augustus head.

Rv, 1) same monograms as a4.

(Schlumb. Type 15 = No. 59 - 60.)

2) Two other monograms.

(Schlumb. Type 12-11 = No. 37-58.)

The coins of the fun are now distributed into these 6 classes. as follows *) :

r>r. Hello Mr. viorit-l Dr.

a 1. 65 — —

2. 3 — —

3. 9 2 —

1. 58 3 —

4) 1. 3 — —

2. 36 19 2

1 ) l iitex the numbers of 6 there is an error in hcbluiuberger's book, he gives his Type 13 3G sUtt 30 Dr., as the specified Gcä&mmUummen demand.

246 literary.

So you will be subjected to three terms of office of these magistrates. have divorced:

1] The officials of a2; there are only three drachmas of them present, one must assume that the type change Towards the end of their term of office, a part also fell the 65 coins of a\ belongs to them.

2) The officials of a3. After probably only a short term in office (9 Dr.) another stood in for one; the two new ones Officials {ai, 58 Dr.) had a lot of influence. Among them was also found new type change took place (& 1, 3 Dr.), but they only have a little shaped afterwards.

3) The officials of &2. Among them is the find dig.

From this it becomes clear that the coins of our find — which is why the equality of the factory and the weight speaks — belong to a fairly narrow period of time and not, as Schlnmberger wants, developed over almost two centuries stretch. He places the series between 150 and 100 BC, since the Tänien decoration and the like are its prototype in coins from years 170; But he places the row of Augustus heads after 24 AD, because the impetus for this type change would come in the expedition of Aelius Gallus. Both conclusions fail no longer necessary for me. The Tänien decoration really needs it not on our coins directly from the Seleuid origins To be a real copy, she can't do it that well yet known intermediate links for a century until minting our Sana coins. The acceptance of a Roman type, however, one becomes more natural through strengthening keren trade with areas where Roman denarii were cur- than by that half-failed military expedition explain.

The abbreviations R and N on the Himyar coins Longpärier was certainly correct as the first letter of the coinage

Literature. 247

The sites of Raida n and Negran are interpreted, as is actually the case the coins with two heads R and scraped Raidan changes. For the two new abbreviations, the Scblumberger from his finds, I want G and L to be completely safe Wait for examples. It is striking that in these cities The same officials are said to have ruled as in Negran.

Adolf Erman.

Scblumberger, 6., Les monnaies k legendes grecques de la dynastie Turque des fils du Danishmend (from the Revue archeologique 1880).

Following Mordtmann's and my work and the Important contributions to this have already been made by the author Scblumberger is now giving us a gift with a strange series of coins important innovations. First he gives us two coins Melek Gazi with the Tancred's types from Antioch and the In- font O M€rAC AMHPAC TAZH and M€rAC AMHPAC AMHPßN -AZH, the latter title given to the well-known Emir al Omra accordingly. Another Tancred's coin is still brand new. zen imitating with the inscription OMCPAC AA^PA . . PCIA., which the author most likely belongs to Jagi-Arslän or Jakub-Arslan or Jagi-Bassan, from the Byzantines 'fayov- called jraaäv, the son of Gazi, and their last Word he added according to ylQoXuv. Would like a complete soon A good copy eliminates any doubts!

A.V.S.

W. Seh ratz, The convention coins of the Dukes of Bavaria and the bishops of Regensburg from the end of the XII. until the beginning of the XIVth century (special print from the XXXIV. Vol. d. Verhand. d. historian club v. Upper Palatinate and Regensb.). Stadtamliof. 1SS0. 33 p. With 2 plates. Image.

Among the 125 coins shared are particularly inter- essant No. 74 with +RATISPONA and 75 with +RATISP between-

248 liter no.

Every 2 Bnehsticks see a rose), because most of the caps This time and Oegend have no inscription *) . H.D.

Lamia.

A reply.

In the 7th volume of this magazine, p. 352, I have made my explanations ction of a coin from Lamia against Mr. P. Gardner in London defended. Reported in NnmismaticGhronicle No. LXXIV p. 2G8 Mr. Gardner on my essay, which he calls an attack, while he was a defense; he alone gives the reasons not to which I contradict his hypotheses: the head of the coin introduce the courtier Lamia, and the Fhiloktet on the other side Demetrius Poliorcetes depicted as Heracles, claimed have; namely, that I consider the coin to be older than the time of Demetrius Poliorcetes hold; 2. that the courtier Lamia, if the city of Lamia really placed her image to honor her If a coin had been placed, it would certainly have been depicted as a queen and not as a courtier. From Demetrius, who served as a model for Mr. Gardner does not say that Heracles sat with the artist more; He seems to have given up on this part of his hypotheses have. He simply repeats that... Head of the front no Taenia but a Dijidem with her- hanging bands. Three copies of the coin, original nal and galvanoplastic copies, I now have two The tapes don't show any of them, the third one I have there- I didn't know it before, has some flat lines that are used for ribbons could hold, but they seem to me to be random lines; a large hole at this point on the coin makes the removal divorce impossible.

But even if the head had a diadem, it follows that that he represents the courtier Lamia? he has a very serious one male character and “the sensual expression of the As a 30-year-old hetaera, I can't see anything.

Mr. Gardner concluded his report by saying, it would require stronger counter-reasons than mine, his reasoning to refute the explanation, then he would have been all the more likely to accept this counter- can give reasons to his readers. Alone even without mine Counter-arguments are the opinion that the coin of the Diadochi time and that you have a court on coins, on top of that Hetaera costume, which I have depicted, will probably not gain any recognition.

J. Friedlaender.

1) In the meantime, Mr. Schratz has gone to Berl. Mzblatt. v. Ad. Weyl 1880 P. 73 the following denarius (half bracteates) from the same period was published:

A. . .PCV. L Rrnstb. d. Herzogs n.d. bishop, between them a cramp-

rod. Rf. RADASPONA hand on a jug.

A. V. Sallet, On the oldest coinage and history of Brandenburg. 249

On the oldest coinage and history of Brandenburg..

The often still dark, until recent times in the most important points still disputed prehistory of our narrower Fatherland has, recently, through new numismatic discoveries thanks to a coin discovery that quickly became famous this year, the one from Michendorf near Potsdam, suddenly a solid one Oestalt supported by safe monuments was accepted. Those already Discussion of the latter find by Dannenberg^) has determined and appreciated the resulting results, also the three other available descriptions of the find by J. Lange ^), to whom we discovered the strange Monuments, by E. Bahrfeld ^j and by 0. Eckstein^} In addition to the descriptions, give a short, relevant explanation, but there is still no comprehensive comparison the coins and the archival and other written ones Sources are given, and not all recent research has been done so far been taken into account and therefore the given year figures to be partially corrected. Given the great importance and the such wonderful agreement between the monuments and the written According to tradition it may be permissible, even at the risk to repeat what is already known many times, here in more detail

1) Tent desk f. Number VlII, p. 186.

2) Weyl's Berliner Mfinz-Blätter, November 1880, p. 115 ff.

3) Walte and M. Kahrfeldfo niimlsmatic-rphragist. Aneelger, November 1880. p. 103 ff. with ill.

4) Sheets for MQnzfreunde, November (but only appeared in December) 1880. With note from Grote, which I will return to below.

Zeltoehrift for Numismatics. VIII. 17

250 A.V. Sallet,

to go into the matter, but with the necessary omission of everything less important and all uncertain, late and fabulous dear- deliveries *) .

The first Christian conqueror of Wendish Brandenburg According to historical tradition, he is King Henry I; We have one from his son and successor Otto the Great the document of the establishment of the diocese of Brandenburg from the year 949 2] . We have numismatic monuments from those early times not, the area was soon lost to the Slavs again and it was not until the twelfth century that the history of the country of the more solid forms: the Heveller prince Pribislaw of Bran- Denburg converts to Christianity and Albrecht the Bear becomes his successor. The most detailed source for these events is the chronicle of the "Przibik Pulkava de Tradenin", which, according to the final words, this man, an “artium liberalinm Doctor” etc. »ad mandatum Serenissimi . . . Domini Earoli quarti« Around the year 1373 ^j wrote. This chronicler reports on the conditions of Brandenburg in the twelfth century detailed report, which he said he took from the »Chronica Brandeburgensis" or, as he also calls it, "Chronica epi- scoporum Brandeburgensium« ^) . Pulkava tells that the “King” Henry of Brandenburg, known in Slavic as Przebislaus called, adopted Christianity with his wife Petrussa men, the neighboring prince Albrecht the Bear as his heir

1) e.g. the alleged burial of Pribisla-v and his wife in the St. Mary's Church in Brandenburg and the former presence of all sorts of strange ones Grave inscriptions of other Slavic princes in this ^of Friedrich Wilhelm I. im Church destroyed in 1722. S. HetTter, written message from Brandenburg from Wednesday nister ▼. Rochow,. 1840, p. 93.

2) First printed in the beginning. Writing by Heffter-Rochow, p. 97. This Bishopric is established "in honore domini ac salvatoris nostri sanctique Petri" etc and handed over to Thiatmar. The city is called »Brendunburgtc.

3) Dobner, monum. historian Boemiae (1774) Vol. III, p. 72 ff. 8. also pre- speech and p. 290. Riedel, cod. dipl. lY, I p. Iff. and Kinl. — See there too the Bohemian text of this chronicle.

4) Dobner 1. o.p. 70.

^

For the oldest coinage and history of Brandenburg. 251

State appointed, Albrecht's firstborn, Otto, baptized raised and gave him the twigs as a godfather's gift; that he also had the support of the Brandenburg Bishop Vigerus the Praempstratensians as Canonici of h. Peter to Branden Burg and finally died very old in Brandenburg and was buried with honor. His widow Petrussa has cleverly hid his death for three days and Albrecht told him Bear reported that he should come quickly and let the Lord insurance. But the Polish Prince Jacze, an uncle Heinrichs, in response to the news from the oeschehenen, I Brandenburg, which was already in Albrecht's possession, with army conquered by inattention and bribery. Albrecht, however, under- Archbishop Wichmann of Magdeburg supports the city recaptured on June 11, 1157.

These messages from Pulkava used to be heard many times, especially since a simultaneous chronicler from the 12th century, Helmold, a clergyman in Bosau near Lübeck (Chron. Slavor.) is silent about these things and only the last event on top touched upon, simply declared to be fables, and it was not until 1830 that RiedeP) with laborious criticism the folly of such a convenient excuse denial and Pulkava's credibility proven. Now other documents have become known that prove the accuracy Pulkava's news confirms more and more. name- e.V. Heinemann ^) has the fragment of a chronicle, whose Handwriting dates back to the beginning of the 14th century, prints, which almost verbatim matches Pulkava and, as I already understood from the title mention of the branch Denburg Bishop Wiger wants to conclude, the lost Ori- ginal, the »Chronica episcoporum Brandeburgensium« in part is even closer than Pulkava.

1) Riedel, Ober the way in which the connection of the Zanche n.s. w. in Ledebur* Aug. Archive f.d. Happens tskonde of Prussia. State p. 193 ff.

2) Heinemann, Albrecht d. Bear (1864) p. 421.

17*

252

A.V. Sallet,

It is also the year of Heinrich von's death Brandenburg, which adopted Christianity, 1150, and the Peaceful assumption of the inheritance of the rule by Albrecht the bear through a simultaneous chronicle, the Annals von Pühlde ^) , stated, and we also have a certificate from Year 1136, in which Albrecht was already Marchio Brandeburgensis^) is mentioned, others like it from the year 1144. Also for Otto, Albrecht's son, the title Marchio is documented in 1144 3), We finally know a Heinricus de Brandenburch in a document from 1145 4).

Before I go into more detail about the striking confirmation of what I said Events through the superior to all chronicles and the original Customers at Werth have at least equal Mfinz monuments I give Pulkava's text of the passages in question the fragments published by Heinemann, the Pöhlder Annals and the more detailed notes about the documents mentioned:

Pulkava.

In illis diebuEl fuit quidam henricus rex, przebislaus slauo- nice nominatus, urbis Brandem- burgensis et terrarum adiacen- tinm, sicut brandemburgensis testament cronica ex successione patema obtinens principatum.

Fragments of the chronicle.

(Excerptum cronice Brandenburgensis.)

Wigerus, tertius decimus. Hie cepit MCXXXIX . . . obiit MCLXI. . . Hujus temporibus fuit in Brandenburg rex Henri- cus qui slavice dicebatur Pribez- louse. Qui Christianus factusydo lum, quod in Brandenburg fuit,

1) Heinemann 1. c. p. 346. — ​​The Annal. Palid. : Pertz XVI, 85. — p. Heinemann 1st c. also about the groundlessness of the doubts of some for this purpose particularly important documents in which Albrecht is mentioned.

2) Heinemann 1. c. 343 note 38.

3) 1. c 366 Notes 26 and 27.

4) 1. c. 376. Heinemann takes the identity of this Heinrich with PribislaT on. The name Heinricus de Brandenburch is completely consistent with the Mfinzen. come. Clearer (About the old business and author of Churmark Brandenburg (1830) says of the Heinricus of the document: "which, however, is hardly the Heveller" prince istff. This is just assertion without proof.

Tsar's oldest coinage and history of Brandenburg.

253

EUc dum adhuc gens esset ibi permixta Slauonica et Saxonica deseruiens ritibus paganorum, et in urbe Brandemburgensi ydo- lum tribus capitibus inhonestum ab incolis coleretur, jam cri- stianus eflFectus, et populi ydo- latricam mentem illam sum detestans, dum heredem proxi- mum non haberet, Dolens ydo- latris post mortem suam dictum relinquere principatum, Adalber tum dictum ursum genitum ex Ottone Gomite Aeschon, no non uxore sua Eilicha filia Ducis magni, heredem institute, et na- tum suum primogenitum Ottonem de sacro fönte leuauit. Totam Zucbam videlicet meridionalem obule M donans eidem. Verum repressis aliqualiter ydolatris, et pace terrarum disposita idem princeps Henricus cum uxore sua Petrussa Deo deuote seruiuit, Canonicos beati Petri apostolo- rum principis ordinis prenion stratensis ope Vigeri Brandem burgensis Episcopi de Liczeke'^) primum vocans in Ecclesia Sancti Gothardi aput Braudemburg eos

cum tribus capitibus, quod Trig- lav slavice dicebatur et pro deo colebatur, et alia ydola destruxit, et ydolatriam et ritum gentis sue detestans, cum filium non ha- beret, Adelbertum marchionem, dictum Ursum, heredem sui in- 8titui,t priucipatus. Hie ecciesiam Braudenburgeusem, you destroy ctam , auxilio Wigeri Branden- burgensis episcopi reformavit et vocans de Liezeke fratres ordi- nis Premonstratensis, ipsos cum preposito Waltero, cognomento Canne, in suburbio in civitate Brandenburg in ecclesia sancti Petri, que nunc sancti Godehardi dicitur, collocavit, et diadema regni beati Petri scrinio resigna- vit. Postea in Domino obdor miens in capella sua Branden- burgensi in castro cum wigero episcopo est sepultus^).

(Kv croiiic-iä Principuai Saxonie.)

Eylicham, secundam filiam ducis Magoni, duxit Otto comes Ascharie et genuit ex ea Alber-

1) "Obula" means: the Ha\cl. p. 7. U. Uicdel, d. Mark Hrandcnb. i. .1. 1250, I, p. 320 Aiim. The ZaucliQ is the land east of the Havel. — So not, as it says everywhere: "obule" = as a godfather's gift, godfather's penny.

2) Leizkau. (Foundation of the monastery in 1114, see Kaumer l. c. p. 35. “lizecke” and »vigenln at Uicdel cod. dip. IV, I p. 3.

3) This means, of course, Bishop Wiger, who was eleven years later than Heinrich died and is buried in the same church.

254

A. ▼. Sallet,

in saburbio ooUocanit. Et licet Rex es&et camouflage aunt denocionis extitit, ut abjectis regalibus dya- dema Regni sui et uxoris ane reliquiis obtalit beati Petri. De- mnm idem princeps consecatus senio^) moritar, et in Brandem- castle honorifice sepelitur. Uxor vero sua petrussa pradenter agentS; viri corpus inhumatum per triduum occultauit, mallens prin- clpatum fouere theutonicis, cri- stianis tradere, quam cnltoribns ydolorum. Nuncia vit igitur Al- berto predicto, ut veniat, et principatum Brandemburgensem ussumat, quod audiens Jacze dux Polonie, awnnculus dicti Re- giSy valido exercitu congregato Castrnm Brandemburg, cujus jam possessionem Albertus tenuit, et expulsis inde ydolatris viris commiserat bellicosis Slawis, pariter et Saxonibus custodien- dum custodibus mercede corrup- tis obtinuit. Albertus vero ursns Wichnianni Brandenburgensis (see above instead of Magdeburgensis) Archiepi- scopi et nobilium aliorum fretus auxilio hi^usmodi castrum val- lans in trlbus locis recuperauit, hoc anno videlicet MCLVII. HI Idus lunii^).

tum Ursum^quem rex Henricus dictus Pribezlaus, factus Chri- stianus, heredem sui constituit principatus, cum proprium non haberet heredem, et filium ip- sius, Ottonem primum, de sacro Fönte Levavit. Pribezlao mortuo Petrissa, uxor one, virum in- humatum triduo reservavit, do- nec Albertus Ursus marchio veni- ret et urbem Brandenburgensem et totam terram possideret. Au- diens vero hoc dominus Jacze, dux Polonie, avunculus dicti re- gis, manu valida venit et, custo- dibus castri Brandeborch mer- cede corruptis, castrum Brande borch recuperavit. Audito hoc Albertus Ursus marchio, Wich- manni archiepiscopi Magdebur gensis et nobilium fretus auxilio, castrum vallavit tribus in locis, exercise adducens. Anno au- tem Domini MCLVII, tertio Idus lunii castrum denuo acquisive down.

1) Sic; Of course it should mean: “confectus senip”.

2) Here iu Dobnef's output is incorrect punctuation, according to which

On the Utesteii coinage and QMhichte of Brandenburg. 255

dear Heiniich's vod Brandenburg death reports the same- early annals of Fühlde (Annal. Palid., Pertz XVI, 85) a. a. 1150: Heinrichs de Brandebnrg obiit cuias heres factos est mar- cbio Adelbertos.

Henry of Brandenburg appears in two documents Con- rad's from Meissen from 1145 as a witness: Heinricus de Bran- denburch (and Brandabor) <] .

Albrecht the Bear leads, at least in his capacity as proclaimed heir to the throne of Henry of Brandenburg, perhaps as Co-regent, the title: marchio Brandenburgensis in a document Emperor Lothars, from Merseburg dated May 15, 1136^).

Otto, Albrecht's son, records the title of margrave in documents as early as 1144, where he appears next to his father ^}: Albertus mar- chio et filius one, Otto marchio.

Otto later always appears with his father as Mark count, such as B. n^ben his brother Hermann, the later Counts of Orlamllnde, from whom we have bracteates ^) , which The latter does not have the title of margrave, in the year 11 47, document K. Konrads: Adelbertns marchio de Brandeburch, Otto fiiius ipsius aeque marchio, Herimannus filius eiusdem Adelberti mar- chionis ^] .

These are the most important documentary ones as briefly as possible and chronicle traditions of the government of the Slavs Prince Heinrich-Pribislav, the installation of Albrecht to the throne

Otto'« I. Birth in the year^hrllö? flele, which has already been written by GiesebreebtTerbetsert. The error in Wiehmann's title only in the Latin text. The Bohemian one is correct »MagdeburskAo. S. Riedel cod. dipl. IV, I p. XVIII.

11 Ueinemann 1st c. p. 376.

2) £benda p. 843, 3ö. •— prefer the so many changing titles of Margrave Albrecht s. Steuzel, bracteate find from Freckleben, p. 3l'.

3) Heinemann 1. c. p. 366, !26 and 27.

4) Dannenberg in d. Time ear. f. MQnz- u.s. w. Kunde, N. F. (quarto volume) i8&9-62 p. 29 & Plate X, 39.

5) Hdnemann, Albr. d. Bar, p 369, Ö8.

256 A.T. P.11M,

inherit, the death of Heinrich, Albrecbta taking possession of Brandenburg, Loss and reconquest, and the reign of Otto I.

I now turn to the coin monuments.

Denarii of the Elaviach prince Ron Brandenburg, Pribislav, according to his Taafe Heinrich, first Eoehne in J. 1S41 '] made known, now the Michendorf find near Pots- dam beautiful examples of this mostly poorly mined denarius delivered *) .

Hf. SVCIRNI€HS The prince, helmeted, with horses r. with

Flag, behind him cross. Rf. GRVB€DNARBD building. Denarii of the same Heinrich with a clergyman on the Back, in Dannenberg's view, the bishop, probably Lich Wiger (1139 - 1161) contributed the discovery of Scholiehne Havelbei^ ')

1) Magazine f. Müui- etc. Customer I, p. 16.^

2) About the first discovery of Densie Ut nothing is known, ei mose mlade- Bteus contain some 20 pieces bibcn (in the Berlin Museum and in several Pdvatumumungen). — The Michendorf find contained: 1) Magdeburg Horitz bracteates of various shapes in large numbers; 2) denarii (or one) of Archbishop Conrad of Magdeburg, 1134 - 1142; 3) Magdeburg Episcopal denarii without name; 4; Denarii of Heinrieb; 5) the like with his wife Petriesa; 6) Bridgets of Albrecht; 7J Braktesten without Företeuamen, from Bran- denburg; 9) Bracteates of Otto I, 6 different types, particularly numerous with seated prince. Boscription see below. — Heber the Zalil is nothing become known. So far I know 8 complete sets of the Brandenburg types, also 2 Petrissen, 26 pieces of Otto with a slying Mirkgitten and about 60 MoHU bracteates.

3) In 5 copies. S. Duinenberg Z. f. M.-K. N. F. (Quarter volume 1859-62) p. 33ff. and ueneidinga magazine. f. N. VlII p. 163. The find “contained inaser-

Zdt Ute«l«D HflnikuDde and OeMblnhte BnndeDborgi.

Hf. SV€IRNI€H9, or C at the end of the name*. The Prince

on horseback l- dahioter Steru. R/. 4fBRANDBVRH, once .. CRH, portrait of a ghost

licheo with tonsure, blessing right hand, book in the L.,

Star above. This Hunze aptly explains the points mentioned above ChroniBten: Hie (Henricofi] ecclesiam BraadenburgienBein, din deetmetam, auxilio Wigeri Brandenbargensig episcopi refonoavit, et veauB . . . fratres ordinis Premonstrateosifl . . . ipaos cum prepoeito Waltere ... in civitate Brandenbui^ . . ■ collocavit. Maybe it's a kind of commemorative coin of the ■reformatio ecclesiae BraadeDburgensis diu destmctae".

I don't want the spelling "brandburh" from "braDd" bnrgfa-, explain by omitting the g, but the h&eh take for cb, according to the ordinary medieval ortho- graphic, instead of the otherwise documented sBrau- deborch« ^certificate where Albrecht the bear marchio de -Brande- barcb» is called s. Ueinemann p. SSQ, 56 a.h. w.) ; which continues to use to be discussed linguistically oicfat uninteresting BracteateAlbreohts will confirm this. —

The existence of the so far only known to the chroniclers Henry's wife, Petrussa or Petrissa, attested by the Denarius of the Hichendorf foothills:

the denarii Dod Br«kteaten Conrad! from Magdeburg, indre anonymous Higdeburg, some nnbeatimmUi manias, also the denarii, but woe he «eilai enteti.

Hf. OH€IN BRAND Bust portrait of the (bearded) prince with Helmet and flag and sword.

Rf. DP€TRISSA Bust portrait of the lady with long hair or decorated headgear, star and dots in the field.

Varieties: PCTRRSSA; the A often Bo: Ä. Others too There should be small, important variants. I interpret this coin as a commemorative coin for baptism of the princely couple, who initially started dating Dannenbergi) rejected; he means that the early date Pribislav's baptism, 1127, contradicts this relationship. This date of baptism is by no means certain (see Heine- man, Albr. d. Bear p. 347) ; according to the usual assumption but met Otto I's fiance, at which Fribislav was godfather, took place in the years 1137 - 1130. This concludes However, only from Otto's presumed birth. The first documented note of the completed inheritance Albrecht the Bear, so I'm also part of the one that has already happened Tanfe Heinrich-Pribialav's is the document from 1136, in which cher Albrecbt holds the title of Harkgrave of Brandenburg; So the whole chronological question of Henry's baptism is still there nngelsst. — But Dannenberg’s other one is much more convincing Collaboration; based on the news of the chroniclers, that Petrissa hid the husband's death for three days, Dannenberg suspects in our denarius a kind of regent's liability Mtnze of Petrissa, perhaps due to the infirmity of the

1) Currently Hmm. Till, p. )88. — i. B. B«brf*ldl 1. ■

Tsar's oldest coins and history of Brandenburg. '259

Husband conducted the governmental business, i.e. in terms of timing the Empress Adelheid as guardian of her finkeis Otto m. puts their name on the coins. That's how it would be otherwise very unusual appearances of the princes on coins of that time The best way to explain it is with a name and a picture next to the meal. This latter view is also supported by the (often inadequate) Expression) perfect mint freshness of some of these denarii in the Michendorf find, which was probably buried around 1155 at the earliest may be, as we will see later; she also speaks Chronicle clearly shows Pribislav's "frailty": ndemum idem Princeps eonsecutus (she) senio moritnr«.

That Petrissa "hide the death of the house for three days" light, may not be taken too precisely chronologically, about how the Emperor Marius reigned “for three days”; but In any case, these notes are from Heinrich and his old age Concealing his death is likely to give us the denarii To make Petrissa appear as regency coins.

There may be room here for a word about the name Petrissa. The Name is by no means Slavic, or based on one Slavic, d. h. in this case pagan. It's a good one, Christian name: one of the eleven (thousand) virgins was called that, as Friedlaender recently noted (see Journal f. Num. VHI, p. 229), there is also a Petrissa in the somewhat unclean medieval poem from a 15th century manuscript next to all the good Christian women *) : Margarethe, Hilda, Ka- tharina, Kunigunde, Clara, Adelheid, Mathilde, Gertrud; then follows Petrissa.

We can even easily, at the hand of the written Tradition guesses the reason why the pious princess

1) Wftttenbach in the Anzeiger f. Knnde d. German prehistory 1871 (Vol. 18) p. 307. Wattenbach failed to notice that the verse with the name of the mar- Garetha is quoted in one of the most delightful letters from dark men (Ep. obseur. ▼iror. I) No. 34), as “commune proverbium”.

260 A.V. Sallet,

chose this name: PetriBsa is of course the Feraini- nnm zn Petras; the chronicle reports: Henricns cum nxore soa Petrassa canonicos beati Petri Apostolorum Principis vo- cans ... et dyademaRegni sni et nxoris sue reliquiis ob- talit beati Petri. — So the ancient treasure patron of Brandenbarg ^) , in honor of Saint Petras, elected the prince stin the name Petrissa at baptism ^j.

These are the coin monuments of Henry of Brandenburg, who, according to the simultaneous annals of Pöhlde, died in 1150. — But that we are in a class that has so far remained undefined of denarii you may have recognized another monument, I want to explain here, admittedly only in the form of a modest conjecture: speak.

The aforementioned find from Schollehne near Havelberg contained the following Mttnz varieties (see the description in Dannenberg, Z. f. Coin Etc. customer. N. F. 1859— 62, 40. p.335): Magdeburg Semi-bracteates and denarii, indeterminate e.g. Th. Lower Saxony Denarii, also fttnf denarii of Henry of Brandenburg with the Clergy on the back, finally about twenty copies of a crude, poorly minted denarius, which Dannenberg follow- described like this:

Hf. I-IEO Seated bearded figure right, on the field chair, in the R. flag, in the field in front S.

Rf, seated warrior r. in ringed armor with flag and Shield.

Sometimes, according to Dannenberg, there is an A instead of the S A variety of varying decorations, etc. are still visible. Dannenberg draws attention to the similarity, which is of course not very significant

1) Cf. the document mentioned at the beginning by Emperor Otto'B I.

2) Let there be no discussions here about the baptismal name chosen by Pribislav Henry to make. I just want to remember that Emperor Heinrich I the erate Christian conquerors of Brandenburg.

To the iltegten Honzknade and Qewhlahte Bnndcnbnrgi. 2g|

Liiäikeit with the »stnnimen Jakzabraktiateni with the silieBdeD, bad feedings'].

The consideration of the six exetoplars of the Egl. collection, all based on the findings of Schollehne, confirmed by the same every hour (until the A instead of S; such a stack is ODter These six are not) these lessons and descriptions. It is In any case, a secular coin lord presides over both of them^) xa recognize; I was immediately struck by the striking similarity in style with the CiepTägeD Heinrichs, indeed the almost exact agreement stimmODg of the helmeted knight figure with the rider of the denarii Heinrich's and Älbrecht, who was also riding, on the same Bracteates of the Michendorf Fnnde to be discussed. Yes, those detailed, albeit sparse, caption from the armored man At least one example from our collection lets me Question aospeak, is this not a new character of Heinrich nnd — Albrecht?

Hf. l-iE3S Enthroned bearded prince with flag r.

Itf. A Seated man in armor with flag and shield r. The discovery site, near Havelberg, the community with others Heinrich's denarii in the same find, the similarity in style, ultimately But the romanizations and Gfe embossing speak for this; l-IEOS for a wild HEICS instead of HEINRICVS would be probably not too daring; Heinrich is bearded with his denarii with Fetrissa's head too; The beard can be seen on these pieces of the enface image sometimes something like this: Mll'

1) Above in the field there is a bL-ihiilic symbol. The youthfulness 411 Jiku Is probably «Ichor.

2) Uewl« no Magdeburger Kriblanhof mll dem gepinieitan Horlti:.

262 A. ». Srftot.

And now the BOokaeitel Here aoaser appears to the world royal princes of the main side, an additional secular prince, exactly in the T^vcbt and in the S^l the Heanrichs denarii and the Brae- teatcm resembling Albredit's, and the inscription in the grou nsd accordingly A. Elrinn«n we remember the Urkonden, the sdiou 1136, then further in 1144, i.e. always during Heinrich's lifetime, AU break the bureau as niarchio Brandenbnrgensia attack, so it pushes itself upon me - but I repeat it - with all priority keep the mentioned verrnntbong aaf: this denarius is one ErtfUog^epi^ Heinrichs, the first verse which is always with that Chriatenthom znsame isee. Stefan r. Hungary, Mesico of Poland, Sveni] and Cannt of Denmark] aaftcoming coinage, nnd the BUi^side presents itso powerful neighbors, friends and h««B regni, the Margrave Albrecht, marked A. The fact that the transcription is incorrect is sometimes rare instead of the A there is an “Erenzchen” and “Asterisk”, at least there is no one Counter-evidence.

Henry's denarii is similar in character and style, too in the arrangement of the inscription and in the form of the cross the inscription close to the small bracteate of the Hichendorfer Fun- that of Albrecht the Bear.

HanajAO The Uarkgraf with sword and flag, helmet and scale armor on horseback 1. Stand upright in the field facing leaf (not star). The form lAlbreh* is certainly not an incorrect transliteration,

1) SohW« Norges HynMi n. ).«. Tiff. I, tl. CxUlog Vd. in, p. 73 nt. 9837.

Zar oldest coinage nqd Oefohichte Brandenburg. 263

60 is apparently := » Albrecha^ as in the beginning of Heinrich's denarii »Brand- barhd stands for »Brandbnrcha or »Brandebnreha. Aho are proper- lent these two coins, the denarius of Henry and the bracteate Albrecht's oldest coins with a German design Written form.

This Brikkteat Albrecht the Bear leaves us like this has already been noted by Danneoberg and Bahrfeldt*). direct connection between Albrecht's reign and Heinrich's see clearly; it doesn't change the existing type, just He introduces the innovation of bracteate imprinting.

We saw above that according to the completely credible, equal early source, the Annals of Pöhlde, Heinrich in 1150 died: ad an. 1150: Henry de Brandeburg obiit cuius heres factus is marchio Adelbertus.

Our bracteate, certainly immediately after the peaceful Taking possession of Brandenburg, it probably falls into this category Year 1150. Already von Dannenberg, which was the older one The assumption follows that Heinrich died in 1142 the ancient, incunabular appearance of this bracteate is highlighted raised, one would therefore like to think of an older age of the Brac- teaten believe. And in fact those rows indicate which one must first use for comparison of the Magdeburg Archbishops, at that time 1150: Konrad, 1134 - 1142, whose denarii were in the same Michen-

9

should have been a dorf find, which Albrecht's Brak- belongs to teat, goes from the denarius coinage to the bracteate coinage ttber, and we already have a fair amount of artistic knowledge of him executed bracteates, free from all incunable or experimental Character 2). Conrad's successor, Friedrich, 1142 - 1152 shaped

1) Dannenberg, Z. f. Numism. VIII, p. 188. ßahrfeldt, Nnm. sphrag. No. 1880 p. 105. Lange, Berl. MQnz sheets 1880 p. 116.

2) S.z. B. Dannenberg, Z. f. MQnz- ii.s.w. Customer. N.F. p. 338 with illustration, others with the clay torn statue.

264 A. T. 8411",

no more denarii at all, just bracteates, of the same kind lich st;l. With Wictiman, 1152-92 (archbishop from 1154) begins the classic style of the bracteates, almost hour-like structures. pi^e dieees firabischofs are of high artistic perfection ending, often compositions rich in figures.

So if the bracteates were already in existence in Magdeburg before 1142 testing had begun and had already developed to a certain extent, Around 1154, however, her highest artistic perfection was achieved. rubbed, it is always a little noticeable in Brandenburg Neighboring town, only in 1150 the first, childlike in navel-like D Veiaache the bracteate imprinting, namely under the powerful tigen, the German archbishop of Magdeburg who was so friendly Prince Albert can be seen. Meanwhile the date of the Annaleo von POhlde, 1150, is inappropriate according to the judgment of the experts. The original witness from the year 1145 also says: Heinricuade Bnuidenbarch, now rightly considered identical with the FDraten of the same name, and we have to precisely the lower, still developing culture of the young Christian Brandeoburg as the reason for the arrival so late consider bracteate harvesting; at eight roll years you wl^e Accordingly, in Brandenburg behind the artists' isoheu and com- commercial newcomers to the powerful colonial state of Magdeburg left behind.

In old age, this equestrian bracteate will certainly soon follow anonymous larger ones from the Michendorf find:

On the oldest coinage and history of Brandenhurg. 265

4«BRANDEBVR6 Bearded (?) prince on the building, with sword and shield. — Variety, a star on the right *).

Dannenberg is even not averse to Albrecht's him Attributed to predecessor Heinrich. But if we continue to The following series of Henry's denarii and which are also in the Size so close to these adjoining bracteates of Albrecht one would like to look at it despite the undisputed old age of the present piece, which is also still in Heinrich's found shape of the crutch cross, more for Albrecht previous government decide.

It belongs to exactly the same time, as I am told, inartistic ones also found in the Michendorf find Moritz bracteate from Magdeburg, which also has an imprint this piece, z.Th. also the influence of Heinrich and Albrecht is very similar, except that the saint is shown in profile (Journal for coin, etc. customer. N.F. 1859 - 02. Plate XV, 18); Here too we see the characteristic almost completely closed Krttckenkreuz of that period in the transcription. The one from Dannen berg also compared with the Brandenburger Moritzbrak teat (Mader, 2nd attempt on bracteates, plate UI, no. 39), more- also in the Berlin collection, is very similar, but yes significantly finer in style.

It is unnecessary to go into Albrecht's other characteristics here, Daunenberg has just put them together completely has, in the oft-cited essay. We know other than this one described, five written bracteates of the prince, one in Hal- Berstadt shaped.

On the most beautiful of these bracteates, which has already been countries was made known '^y and in some copies in Freckleben finds^;, but I have to come back here.

1) Kind communication from Mr. J. Lange.

2) and often exists in bad forgeries.

3) In the part that Stenzel did not see.

ZeiUchrift for numismatics. VIII. 18

266 A. ▼. SaUet,

ADELBERT'S MARCHIO The Margrave Btehend, born in armor, with mustache, flag and shield. Zn on his right a richly dressed Fran^). One was used to being in the lady of those magnificent capes Albrecht's wife, Sophia, of the Hohrastaaf family (f 1160), because that of Weidhas in 1855 (Brandenburg Denarii p. 40] expressed view, the pro- ^stin was Heinrich-Pribislav's widow Petrissa, was for that time too adventurous to seem believable. Now, after When coins from Petrissa became known, Grote became involved in this View known, as his comment on Eckstein's essay in the sheets for Mttnz friends p. 762 proves. — The appearance a princely wife, without official regent character However, very noticeable on bracteates of this period. What one The bracteates of Odenwald could be used as an analogue find with the name of Friedrich Barbarossa^s and his other married wife by no means clearly show a woman, it Rather, it always seems to be Frederick's son, King Henry VI. , to be meant. However, it is so unprecedented that... A prince from Majoren is next to his predecessor's widow can be depicted; so until we are not secured by the inscription have bracteates with the name of Petrissa or Sophia, the matter will remain undecided. One will only admit that that idea of Weidhas was favorably received by many that of this strange author.

In order to provide a complete series of details at this point to give explanations of the so often mentioned Michendorf find, I now leave the remaining Brandenburg coins of the same

1) praise note beer to the margrave's mustache, which otherwise on the It is clear that exactly the same thing happened with Friedrieb Barbarossa. Comes, the one I first saw, just once, on a whiteboard Bracteates from the Odenwald find, wearing a mustache. I can do it all Gentlemen who doubt the latter fact will realize that I have a big upper lip that bracteate style is easy to distinguish from Tom's mustache.

To the Uteaten Hünttunde and Quchichte Brindeobniga. 267

follow, Gepi%e which mostly contain Otto'B I. names and I'm sure all of the letters were written to him. What the time of As far as the approach is concerned, it is possible that all of them Bracteates were already discovered during Alhrecht's lifetime, i.e. before 1170. are embossed, not attached; Dannenberg rightly notes, that as early as 1144 Otto was rorkomint as margrave alongside his father: Albertos marchio et filins one Otto marchio. Otto was a fellow regent of his father, administered the country during his reign to the Holy Land, 1158 - 59; 1160 becomes an Altmark region Ont referred to as being in his rule, in a document From 1164 he even appeared as an independent regent. The fact that Henry's denarii were so beautifully preserved during the Pünde is confirmed one probably doesn't go too far beyond the years '155, t160 villages. In 1170 Albrecht died and Otto followed until 1184.

OTTOBRAND€BVRG€NSiS The seated prince a. s.w. Edited first by Dannenberg, from his old one Owned, also in Grote's collection. This beautiful piece was found in large quantities.

BRAN&9BVRG The standing margrave with a bar shield Etc., I would rather have the OTTO together for the child.

n Halnemann, Albr. d. Blr, p. 309 and 390 Ann. 80.

268 A.V. Sallet,

N

drew, as Lange correctly stated in the article cited noticed. The monogram looks like this *tf or similar.

First edited by Mader, 2nd attempt etc. No. 59.

Grote (1st c. note) denies the direct heraldic description. interpretation of the bar shield, the oldest coat of arms of the Ascanians, since other shields of the same prince have different decorations. In any case, this shield comes, also the oldest on seals Coat of arms of the Ascanians *) , on Albrechf s the bear , and on Otto's I. bracteates several times before (Berliner Bl. f. Münz- etc. Customer N. F. Plate IX, 1, Mader II No. 56 and the one below educated with German transliteration), also more often with Albrecht's son, Bernhard, e.g. B. on a bracteate, which he calls Comes, as Count of Anhalt, embossed, with a clear bar shield (in the royal. Museum in Berlin). The heraldic eagle shield appears already on the arm of Otto's successor Otto IL (Seelsdorfer Fund), also the very safe coat of arms of the Ascanians, the beam- shield (and half eagle) comes to the prince's arm 1200 or a little later, the bar shield only then went up Bracteates of later times, either on the prince's arm or as Type 2). So the safe appearance of real ones is Coats of arms in the period immediately after Otto I, below Otto IL (1184 - 1205) for Brandenburg bracteates is definitely testifies, as well as for the Anhaltians in particular, and Orote's words »and I... . do not doubt that this type of shielding the motif for the later coat of arms of the Askani See the house," perhaps you can still do something strengthen more in favor of the coat of arms.