Zeitschrift für Numismatik, vol. 8 — 1881

At the end of the depictions of Eros with Aphrodite .I would like to mention an extremely interesting presentation on one of the... The coin of Septimius Severus in the Vienna Cabinet Ancyra Galatiae: Aphrodite floating, hovering above her a wreath, next to her is Eros also with the movement of one depicted floating; An anchor at the bottom right (illustrated 9). The motif of Aphrodite is pretty accurate. one with one in the communications of the German archaeological Roman mural published by the Institute in Athens (I, plate 2). mälde, in the 0. Benndorf there is a hint of the Anadyomene des Apelles believes to be found (cf. Stark, Contributions II, p. 38). Mionnet IV, p. 380 AD 32 mentioned from Eckhel Catal. Mus. Vind. p. 201 apparently our coin, but with hardly any return recognition-permitting description. The anchor is the one on Coins with recurring talking coats of arms of Ancyra and is probably intended to represent a swimming Aphrodite.

KfOB anf coins. 83

let given; the element in which the sea moves probably also enabled Eros to form wingless, analogous to the said murals. The representation should only be in its own right be kind.

Eros, Aphrodite and Heracles appear on a coin from Pergamus Mysiae of Lucius Verus (^. MM.Mionn. S. V, 1023): Eros, in conjunction with Aphrodite, strives to sit to drag Heracles away with him (al)Geb. Mus.PisanumXXIV, 3, p. 70). Here I would also like to mention the numerous coins from Nicaea Bithyniae, in which Eros appears alone with Heracles seems. The usual motif is: Heracles on a screaming The tending lion, resting, holds up Eros with his right hand swings on his knee, the club rests in his left arm. Many- The depiction is easily based on a statuette located in Nicaea original. Such coins are mentioned by Mionnet Gordianus Pius fn,28()), from F'austina junior. (S.V, 518), by Carac4illH (S.V, 672). There is a similar one in the British Museum Coin of Caracalla of Serdica (Catal. p. 173).

Eros alone.

Eros also appears independently and alone on coins. especially in the places where Aphrodite is particularly celebrated, and of these again the most numerous in Aphrodisias Cariae.

Mionn. HI, 108 {^J. 3) autonomous: Eros standing stops in the I jink the bow, in the outstretched right hand the torch; the chlamys hangs over the left arm.

Mionn. HI, 110 [^J. V/^] autonomous: Eros standing to the right with torch. The same motif to the left can be found on one Munich and Imhoof coins.

Mionn. III, 112 (^\ 4i autonomous: Eros standing to the right with a drawn bow (Figure II based on a copy near Imhoof).

6*

84 ^' Hans Riggauer,

Available for sale (^. 3} antonomist: Eros standing after in front, the head turned to the left, the bow in the left, carry the torch or probably the arrow in the right hand rend. The coin, which bears the head of Pallas on the main side, is of fine work.

Imhoof's collection (^. 5) autonomous: Eros standing to the left has the bow in his left hand; A boy crouches at his feet.

Mionn. P. VI, 122 [JE, 6] autonomous: Eros stretching the bow standing behind a bush.

Mionn. p. VI, 120 {^. 4) autonomous: two sitting erotes joke with each other. A better example in Imhoof's collection They clearly seemed like knuckle players to me, what through those under No. 12 pictured excellent coins from Wad- Dington's collection is confirmed.

In the Berlin papers for coins, seals and coats of arms customer V. p. 16 published smoke among the Inedita his Collection of a coin from Pari around Mysiae with Antoninus Pius' {^. 6): Eros standing forward next to an altar. C. Bnrsian was certainly right in this regard in a Jenenser program (1873). a reproduction of the Praxitelic Eros (Plin. XXXVI, 23) knows. It might have been noticeable back then that such an important of the and famous work of art only a unique (unicum quan- tum scio exemplar) depiction on the not rare coins from Parium, and thereby Bursian's view does not yet appear to be absolutely correct, it will be so Certainly, if this type is repeated several times quite analogously in Parium is proven. I find another one in Imhoof's possession Coin from Parium also of Antoninus Pius (^. V/^) with same motif (pictured No. 13): Eros standing forward keeps the right arm lowered, the left with a chlamys over it hangs, raised; on the left is a herm. I agree with that the coins Mionn. S.V, 732 {^. 5) of the Antoninus Pin and Mionn. S. V, 774 (^. 6) by Philippus junior, which is inaccurately described

Eros on coins. S5

are written. The MOnchener Cabinet also has one the Imhoofscben completely matching coin as well by Antoninus Pius. In response to an inquiry, Dr. V. Sallet would like to inform you that the drawing was completed in smoke. is constantly insufficient (including the one manufactured according to this Bursian's program) and that too on the Rauchschen, now Berlin example shows a herm. Should the herm of the Ancient Eros was worshiped in Parium in the form of a rough block of stone be placed by the stamp cutter next to the praxitelic was ? The letters in the field are C • G • I • H • P (Colonia Gemella lulia Hadriana Parium).

In Copenhagen, as Dr. Imhoof reports, a coin from Parium that deviates from this type Commodus: Eros standing, holding an arrow in his right hand; the He presses his left hand into his side; a herm at the feet. Um- font: Deo Cupidini — (Col. Gem.) lul. Had. Pa. That at Mionn. II, 454 described specimen (-J5. 5Y2) of the Otacilia Severa is in Munich and shows Eros standing by Head turned to the right, sticking out the right and the left leaning on the side; on the left a herm.

A lion appears several times at Eros, his everything suggestive power, as we have seen above in connection with Hit Heracles. We see him walking to the right Lion sitting with a torch in his hand at Callatia Moesiac (^. 4 Mionn. I, 10, also Müller-Wieseler II, 51, 637; r>

the coin is autonomous but dates from approximately the 2nd century AD). Riding on a lion, Eros is still with Philip- popolis Thraciae on a coin of Caracalla {JE. 4, Mionn. p. II, 159G) and on an unedited Vienna coin from the Geta. The same motif is shown on an Alexander coin [AI. 2) from later Time (approximately Caracalla), which at Mionn. I, 375 is mentioned, and a coin from Serdica Thraciae from the Vienna Cabinet Vi. Connoisseur St. Florian). Another coin {^. 4) from Ulpia

86 I^r. Hans Riggauer,

Serdica in St. Florian (Kenner p. 18) with Caracalla shows one lion standing to the right, in front of him a winged boy ben, who holds the animal's raised front paw with his left hand supports and holds a pulled-out thorn with his right hand (Figure 16). Connoisseur leaves when discussing this coin probably a bit too far in its witty definition; we have no need to assume a little healing god here; we see a purely genre-like representation before us, like Eros so often appears in works of art without any particular mythological gical relationship to his activity to be accepted needs. The recurring ones, especially at Serdica, Eros types mentioned by connoisseurs themselves certainly also speak in the present case for an Eros. Mionn also belongs here. P. VI, 212, which places the same motif after Erae loniae. We have decided here to misread the EPAfiN label instead of ZEPAQN and the coin is safe with the one at Kenner consistent.

I want two other coins from Serdica right here line up. The one million. p. II; 1730 is isolated with her Depiction: Eros carries a tropaeum. The other (JE, 4) with Caracalla describes Mionn. P. II, 1729: a winged genius Standing naked, he holds another winged one on his left leg naked genius^ who walks on his hands. Under n. 1731 also There Mionnet mentions another coin: winged Eros one Driving Sphinx to walk. The former copy is out Dnmersan Gab. Allier de Hauteroche, where on plate III, 30 the Drawing, however, confirms the description; the second is from Sestini Descr. num. vet. p. 74 n. 20. Connoisseur St. Florian p. 19 cites the former as also being in Vienna, the latter to Mionnet. It seems to me that the representation on both is the same to be and the Sphinx is the misunderstood one on the hands settled Eros. But also the first description of Mionnet doesn't seem like the right one to me; I see the motifs

Recw on coins. S7

a beautiful example from the Imhoofs collection available to me plar (Figure n. 15) different; It is a game called Bock jumping, shown: one boy has his hands together settled down and the second jumps over him, whereupon the Roles are swapped.

Very often Eros rides a dolphin. The earliest Such a representation is probably in Paestum Lucaniae Mionn. I, 62S; Eros riding a dolphin to the left stops in the On the right a wreath, on the left a trident (illustration dung 14). Sambon, Research on the money of the press qu'ile Italique p. 280, rightly considers this coin to be a coin the Roman colony, the 272 y. Owned by the city took. He wants Geuius of Posidonia in the winged bird stalt and points to the maritime importance of Paestum under the Romans, who was also the Neptune head of the main page corresponds. We also find Eros riding a dolphin tend to

Nicomedia Bithyniae: Mionn. S.V, 1042 JB. 5 Anto ninus Pius (Munich) and Commodus [JE. 6) Mionnet S.V, 1104 the latter depicted Dumersan Descr. du Cabinet Allier de Hau- teroche XI, 9).

Perinthus Thraciae: Mionnet I, 314 ^\ 5 Elagabalus.

Deultum Thraciae: JB. 4 Maximinus (Imhoof collection lung).

Lanipsacus Mysiae: Eros riding a dolphin on the right he holds the reins in his left hand and a wreath in his right hand Vienna jE, 4 with Caracalla).

Taranto: Among the acquisitions of the K. Cabinet Berlin magazine for Numbers VII, p. 215 becomes a silver coin mentioned with Eros riding the dolphin.

Two other coins with depictions of this type are available delete. Mionnet 11, 21 mentions a coin from Pyrrhus (AI. 4): Eros on a dolphin to the right. The coin is missing from Pembrock.

SS ^r. Ha»8 Uiggauer,

from which it is said to have been taken, and is certainly false. An also from Pyrrhas [A/ , 4) Mionnet S. III, 421 n. 8, with The same representation is said to have been taken from Gessner, where I didn't find them. Mionnet himself calls both suspects.

A bronze medallion of Commodus from Per- Gamus in the Uffizi: Eros winged, standing forward the left arm leaning on a tree branch has the right Arm raised so that the hand rests on the head (illustration 17). The motif is reminiscent of certain depictions of Apollo.

There are also two bronze coins by Poemaneni Mysiae and Gyzicus. The former belongs to Waddington with Commodus shows a long-winged youth figure vom, the hair arranged in a radiating pattern (or wreathed with roses?); the left leans on an amphora, the right holds one unrecognizable object (maybe arrow?). The bronze coin from Cyzicus (Brera) shows Eros standing after the ndt long Wings, the left one on top with wreaths (or tänia?) supported by a draped stele, holding an arrow in his right hand (Figure 18). The main page has the one with a diadem decorated head of Gyzicus. The coin, which is approximately in the Time that belongs to Faustina seems to be the same as the previous one Poemaneni related to the representation. The motifs are reminiscent of the so-called Agon on the pillar of Temple of Artemis in Epbesus, which has recently been interpreted as Thanatos became.

Two other coins mentioned by Mionnet are from the To delete representations of Eros. One is from Corinth (^. 8) Mionn. P. IV, 830 with Caracalla: Eros on a four-horse carriage (from Gadalvene, rec. de mäd. grecqu. inäd. p. 175). This Motive doesn't return anywhere else except at Syracuse, where we are have accepted a very special occasion. I miss- I suspect a confusion with Helios, who was under L. Vems Gorinth finds himself similar; you probably have a lower one

£ro8 on MQDzen. 89

Conservation the fluttering Ghlamys fttr wings taken. The second coin is from Anchialos Thraciae. Mionn. p.n, 121 mentions a coin (^. 7] of Maximin: Eros on one of two dragon-drawn chariots. I believe that we are here have a triptolemus; the motif returns again in the same one City under Commodus Sestini Latvian num. T. IV, p. 51, n. 2.

A coin from Crispina of Prusa located in Vienna ad Olympum shows Eros in ephebe form, naked, winged, standing to the right with left leg crossed; the left one Arm is supported on a stele, over which a ghlamys is thrown is, the pike is raised. On one of Imhoof's possessions A common coin of Commodus of Prusa with the same motif Eros appears to be holding an arrow in his right hand; maybe is also an arch next to the stele (Figure 19).

The following two types are little known.

Nicopolis Moesiae: A coin from the Munich Cabinet with Antoninus Pius: Eros standing to the right with the bow exciting.

Hadrianopolis Thraciae: a coin from the Vienna Cabi nets with Caracalla ; Eros standing to the right with an unrecognized object in the hands; bow and arrow on the left Quiver.

He also appears with a bow and arrow in Boea Laconiae under Geta (Mionn. II, p. 226 ^.5) and under Caracalla (Mionn. p. IV, p. 229 JE, 5). Finally, one located in the Vatican shows lic coin of Commodus of Nicaea [M. 4) eros Draw the bow manually and with both hands.

There is a very isolated representation of the attribute at Corduba Baeticae Mionn. S. I, 130 (Figure 20 after an Imhoof specimen): Eros standing with his arms spread out Wings, carrying a torch in his right hand, with his left a cornucopia. I have to doubt whether we have an Eros here have, of course, without being able to give a certain name.

90 ^r- HaDB Riggauer,

Not genre-like with a preoccupation with the ordinary LifeB we find Eros in Cyziens, namely as a hunter Mon. ined. vol. I, 57, 9, Müller-Wieseler II, 51, 650. National Museum 7877 shows Eros standing to the left, with his right hand raised holding a rabbit, the bow is visible in his left hand (Figure 21).

Di am Macedoniae (Mionn. S. III, 414) has a coin of Severus Alexander (^. 6): Eros winged in a two- standing in the temple.

From Crem na Pisidiae Mionnet reports two Eros- representations mentioned, which I consider to be apoUo representations. The one million. III, 89 of Geta (^. 4) is described: Eros naked and standing, drawing the bow. With this coin is to record an error on Mionnet's part or a stamping error; he describes P • SEP • GETA • PON • C AES on the main page FOR*CAES- The second describes Mionn. p. VII, 138 (also- if Geta, ^. 6) according to Millingen, Bec. de girl inad. p. 69 Tab. IV, 2: Eros stretches the bow to the right. On an exemplar You can see the plar of this stamp in the Imhoof collection '^Wings' resemble a fluttering garment. In Munich Cabinet is also a bronze (^. 1 1 ) of Commodus of Cremna, to the right a bow-stretching Apollo with a fluttering

Chlamys represents. The inscription: APOLLINI PROP VI

After these last representations, I conclude that the... Types given by Mionnet contain depictions of Apollo. —

We see Eros on coins relatively early on Barium and Orra. The coins of Barium Apuliae have Eros archery on a ship's prora; appears on some Next to the ship a dolphin points out the city's wealth of fish indicative (Hör. sat. I, 5, 97). The weight and style of the They date coins to the end of the 3rd century BC. Chr. Orra has numerous depictions of Eros (cf. Leake, numism. Graeca p. i3H and Mommsen, Annali dell' Inst. 1848 p. 89). Mionnet

Eros on coins. 91

I, 1014 mentions someone walking to the right playing the lyre Eros (Figure 22 based on a copy from Imhoof; , Carelli CXXI Eros rushing to the right, carrying a taenia. Imhoof has a Quatmnx: Eros rushing to the right and torch- carrying; on the main side is a laurel wreath and dia- The head of Aphrodite has an enigmatic monogram. The one in Imhoof's Choix de mon- naies Qrecques (YIII, 262) published coins: one with two torches Eros rushing to the right (Figure 23). The head of the pre- The side shows a hairstyle similar to a Modius like mine only on a small bronze coin from Syracuse I remember seeing Sambon in Imhooft's collection 'Kecherches p. 231) sets the edition of these papers between 217 and 89 BC BC; the character of the style points them to the Border of the 3rd and 2nd centuries.

The Vienna Cabinet has one based on Apollonia Cretae pointed coin (JE. 3), which shows Heracles on one side, who pushes a deer to the ground; the other side shows Eros riding a rooster, holding the chits; on the right in field A (Figure 24). The A apparently refers to Apollo lonia gave reason for which there is nothing to speak of. I suspect that we are only dealing with one brand and would like to This section also includes a small bronze, also from Imhoof's collection. lung show a male head on one side on the right shows Anteros sitting on an altar on the other with hands tied backwards to a pillar (illustration dung 25). The motifs are reminiscent of what is common on Qemmen Genre.

An Eros sleeping next to the club of Heracles is at I^aodicea Phrygiae mentioned (Mionn. S. VH, 463).

Eros appears as a symbol in Aspendus Pamphyliae: a naked winged youth figure from vom, facing right turned head (Imhoof, Choix de monn. grecqu. V, 101).

J

92 I>T. Hans Riggtuer,

Zam conclusions of the representations of Eros in independent Appearance I record an enigmatic representation when I can also be accused of not having gone to Eros. listen. A dance by Pessinus Gala located in Vienna tiae with Caracalla shows a bearded man rushing to the right, winged man in short chiton with flowing hair; the The upper body is bent backwards, the right arm is extended backwards. stretched; on his left arm he holds it straight out in front of him a winged boy (Figure 16). Owned by W.H. Waddingtons is an interesting variety of this stamp. The Description of this motif by Mionnet: Daedale volant ayant sur la main droite Icare avec des alles or: berger barbu por- tant Cupidon sur la main droite, is meaningless: of course I can Unfortunately, I cannot even give a sufficient explanation.

Eros is a constant companion during the robbery of Persephone which is particularly depicted on coins in Carlen and Lydia will; cf. Rieh. Foerster, the robbery and the return of the per- sephone, 1874 p. tlO. There is certainly a famous one common model, since all representations lungs differ only slightly from one another. Pluto runs away a four-horse team to the right, holding the reins with the left, with the right hand Persephone, bent back; the coat surrounds Pluto in an arc; Among the four-horse team there is usually a surrounding studded basket with flowers; above the horses floats away- pointing Eros with torch; it is the one leading the wedding Hymenaeus. Except in Carlen and Lydia, this representation can be found Position on coins still at Stobi, Alexandria, Sebaste, Henna. Only the coins on which Eros is depicted are worth mentioning here finds. These are: Thyateira (Mionn. IV, 926 and S. VH, 610) on a coin of Commodus; Panionion (Mionn. HI, 2nd p. VI, 2 and 3) on a coin of Antoninus Pius, of which the best Specimens in Vienna and St. Florian (Kenner St. Florian p. 117)

Eros on coins. 93

are located ; Sardis on a coin VespasianB (Mionn.IV, 698), TrajanB (Mionn. IV, 708 and S. VII, 475, Spanheim z. Call. h. in cerium. v. 9 II, p. 753. ed. £rn.), the Septimin Seyerns (Mionn.

IV, 728), of Caracalla Mionn. IV, 747, 751, Müller-Wieseler II, 9, 107]. In addition to these there is a coin from Gordianns Pias at Segnin Selecta namism. ans. p. 22. Catalog London 1871 n. 362) ; the motif is consistent with Mionn. IV, 787. Further we find this representation in Syedra (Mionn. III, 618), Hyr- eania (Mionn.IV, 330 and 331 ; Pellerin, reeneil de möd. III, 130 n. 3; Antiqaa numism. ex mus. AI. Albani I, 45, 3), Sebaste (Mionn. V, 162. Neamann num. vet. II. p. 82 and Mionn. S. VIII, MO a coin of Julia Domna; Mionn. 8. VIII, 113 a coin the Soaemias; Mionn. P. VIII, 114 a coin from Maesa; Mionn.

V, 166 a coin of Caracalla). The Margaritis catalog contains writes (n. 109) a coin from Gordas-Julia (Valerianus senior): Flaton on a four-horse team stealing Proserpina, an Eros wreaths the horses. Finally there is a coin in Waddington's possession of Philip Jr. from Casa Pamphyliae, which in front of the building span which shows Hermes with caduceus as guide; Eros about the Horses floating. Experts and foresters speak the assumption from the fact that these representations are based on the Plin. h. XXXIV, 69 believed to go back to the bronze group of Praxiteles, which is very true. has plausibility for itself. The coins of Nysa show this Motif in the simplest form and are perhaps the original closest. Eros was not part of the original group and is a later addition, a modification of the myth, if we not even with Kenner's somewhat strict look in this a "ver- “flattening out into idle love affairs”.

Eros is also often a companion during the procession of Bacchus rather, Head of Maeonia Lydiae is on a medallion of Trajanus Decius f.JS. It Mionn. IV. p. 67 and Numbers Chron« Vi, 1866 pl. VII, 2) Dionysus and Ariadne on one of two

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/

94 l^r. Hans Rlftganer,

Panther-drawn chariot shown driving to the right; in the Lttften is a floating Eros (Segain, Nuin. rood. max. tab. 29) . On a coin owned by Waddington of the Caracalla or Antoninus Pin of Enmenia Phrygiae Dionysus depicted on one by a panther and a goat-drawn chariot sitting; Ariadne sits slightly elevated playing the lyre; Eros rides the double flute on the goat blowing. Millingen Sylloge IV, 58. Num. Ghron is similar. Vm, 26 is a mttnze (^. 7) by Antoninus Pias from Borell mentioned. Dionysus in a chariot drawn by two panthers; next to the wagon is a figure playing the lyre. In addition, There is a medallion of the Antoninus Pin in Vienna: Dionysus with Thyrsus on a chariot drawn by a panther and a goat; next to him sits a wreathed female figure; before the drawing Eros, who plays the double flute, rides the genbock.

One in Paris also has a Bacchic character. excellently preserved medallion (^.13) (Mionn.II, p.r)42 n. 195; wrong and poorly illustrated catalog Greppo, de Witte 1856, II, 826) by Cyzicus. The obverse shows Faustina's head with the attributes of Demeter, the back represents two cents tauren harnessed to a cart, each with a pedum and calathus ; Eros strides in front of them; on the car it says De- meter in a long robe with a torch: carried behind the chariot Silenus, leaning on a stick, has one filled with fruit basket ; Among the Centans there is a Bacchante who is the Tym- panum beating and a satyr (or Pan?) playing the double flute playing. .

The charming allegory of Eros and Psyche was also found Depiction on coins, such as Ulpia Serdica Thraciae, Mionn. I, 369 ^. 5 by Caracalla: Eros and Psyche alongside standing and hugging each other (Figure No. 26). the Viennese copy) ; Furthermore, Nicomedia Bithyniae (Mionn.

i

Ero8 on coins. 95

8. V, 1261 illustrated plate I, 3) af a coin of Maximas this fairy tale: Eros flees to the left with his right outstretched The arm over which the chlamys hangs turns backwards towards it Arms lowered on the left knee, long-clothed pleading reaching out psyche. Here I want to note that Cavedoni in the Annals of the Institute 1,860 p. 289 gives the note, the group of Eros and Psyche would be found among the multiples Marks on the denarii of the gens Vibia, around the year 668 of the city were coined, while Mttller (§. 206, 3) says that they do not appear on monuments before the time of Hadrian. Whether- Even though I don't know a similar denarius, I don't like one accept Cavedoni's deception, and with that we would have the early I can still find the earliest datable representation of this group d'Ailiy the statement that on coins of Vibia there is a butterfly is found. Whether the representation of the psyche as I can't say that butterflies were common; close It was enough, since in Aristotle's time the smashing linge ^pvxai called ^Hist. A.p. 551. A, 23).

In addition to serving Aphrodite, accompanying her at weddings time and shoot love arrows at the functions To ignite love, Eros has another duty, he becomes the genius of death and he lowers the torch sadly; he No longer hovers, but stands and crosses his legs while resting one above the other; he probably also relies on the extinguished torch or singes a butterfly, the Psyche, at his feet. Bows and arrows are unnecessary; but he leads them once on a Waddington Rev. numism coin. 1851 p. 236 (^.4) by Aphrodisias: Standing Eros holds a bow with his left hand and arrow and, with the torch in his right hand, singes a butterfly terling at his feet. The bow and arrow testify that we have an Eros before us and that if you see the winged one Genius with lowered torch Thanatos is what you call him

o

^

96 ^^' ^^"B Riggauer,

a special fanetion of Eros, not an independent artistic wants to describe a mythological creature.

Aphrodisias Cariae is shown on a plate (^. 4V2). Mionn. III, 114 the standing Eros on a fallen one A torch placed on an altar is stilted. Finds in Carien This motif is still in Tripoli Mionn. III, 527 (^. 5). Cius Bitbyniae also has this type several times, such as on a coin of Caracalla (Mionn. II, 458 {^. 4), of Marc Anrel (Mionn. S. V, 1465), Lucius Verus (ibid. 1466), Commodus (ibid. 1467). Prusa ad Olympum Bithyniae has on a coin of Caracalla (^. 4 Mionn. II, 395) Eros on a fallen Leaning torch. This motif also mentions Sestini Descr. num. res. XI, 2 in Dorylaeum Phrygiae. Quite strikingly common This motif is found in Thracian cities, such as Pautalia (Mionn. II, 1040, ^. 5) on a coin of the Septim. Severus. Imhoof has a Geta coin with the same thing from this very city Motif (cf. Catalog Britt. Mus. p 146). Also with Hadria* nopolis Daen. Mus. I, 2, 12; at Bizya Mionn. p. III, 196 on a coin of Philippus Jr. ; at Trajanopolis a coin of Sept. Severus in Vienna; at Phi- Lippopolis on a coin in the Uffizi Commodus you can see Eros standing to the left with his arms crossed. right leg supported on a stele; the sleep descends falling right arm holds a lowered torch with the right he covers his face in mourning. Consistent with Imhoofs Coin of Pautalia is another coin of Plotinopolis Thraciae Catal. Britt. Mus. p. 169 and one from Topirus Thra- ciae Catal. Britt. Mus. p. 176, both by Caracalla. A reason for the strangely frequent appearance of this type in Thra- I can't specify which one; but the fact must be con- be statized. In Moesia we find this motif in Tomi on a coin of Caracalla Catal. Britt. Museum D. 57 and in Nicopolis on a coin of Sept. Severus (Britt. Mus.

Kros on coins. 97

Catal. p. 43) and on a coin of the Geta (Catal. of Britt. Mus. p. 46).

Friedländer has (Archaeol. Zeitung 1871 p. 79) among some other coins two netie located in the Berlin Eabinet otherwise unknown types of the Aeacus are published, on which the dead Judges face a deceased person with the genius of death located. As striking as this interpretation seems to be, it must be but the winglessness of the genius of death is striking. some- masses it can be explained by the humble position the same, which the artist allowed him to do somewhat incidentally to treat, and apologized for having an otherwise essential Attribute at page Hess. Unfortunately, home is a destination the coin is not possible.

Eros heads also appear on coins. A small bronze Coin from Tyndaris in the possession of Mr. J. P. Six in Am- Sterdam shows a bust of Eros with wings. Also a small one Bronze coin of Aphrodisias in the Munich Cabinet and one small coin from Caesarea Cappadociae and from Laodicea Syriae Mionn. S. VHI, 167 n. 299. One in Imhoof's possession A rare coin from Caesarea shows an Eros symbol on the reverse. wings (Figure No. 27). Finally another Eros appears head on coins of Antiochus VH.

Finally, I would like to mention that the head of the horse on some silver and copper coins from Em- poria is formed by a crouching Eros, who is with the hand grasps the foot (illustration no. 28 based on a silver coin from the Imhoof collection) *).

I would like the Greek coins with depictions of Eros in the proceeding in the Hanpt types with fairly complete

I) Cf. KstiKÜo historiro de la rnonecia eflpanoU por Jacobe Zobel de Zangroniz in Memorial numismatico Kspafiol 1878, 4.

ZeituchHft for Numimnatlk. VIII. 7

98 Dr. Hans RIggauer,

have given; I think the Roman material is aside Let za be allowed, as it is easily accessible in Cohen's works is and requires far less addition and correction. I didn't find the types of the Greek coins either. in which representations of Eros are treated purely ornamentally are, e.g. B. on a coin of Diadumenian of Belytus, where under the Astarte temple two erotes raced on dolphins are formed who push the trident into the water while In the temple itself there are two erotes holding mirrors as statues. If we now look back, we find ourselves in front of everyone There is a great diversity of representations of Eros Coins from those in vase paintings and wall paintings. It There is a lack of diversity in the scenes in which Eros appears, and even where he appears alone is not in his actions the variety like with the vases. The reason is certainly there in the diversity of character that exists in the coins public, official, with the vases and murals a private is more useful. That's where it comes from on coins Eros was so very rare in the period of Greek independence appears. Eros came into existence relatively late personality and it has no meaning anywhere city deity, except perhaps in the politically never protruding thespiae, which only struck coins for a short time. The Coin die cutter has given materials, traditional types pen that he has to hold on to, even if in a good way time with a certain degree of independence. There- Eros appears in Greece proper, as does the Nike, never on coins before the middle of the fourth century; yes We do not find Eros as an independent main type here at all. A different view requires the additional symbols in which the official cial character of the coin does not prevail; they seem to me In most cases it is used as a coat of arms of the mint officials to be grasped. While here the genre appears quite early.

EroB on coins. 99

The main types remain the old representations associated with the Name of the city - I remember the numerous people talking Coat of arms - , with the main cnlt of the square or any other local peculiarities. Sometimes that was Retention of the old types is required by commercial interests, BO at the main trading centers, Corinth and Athens. At Despite all the rigor, we were Greek in the best of times. art on coins, there is no example of a copy of an outstanding outstanding work of art, and here too in the depictions of Eros are the presumed imitations of statuary works only from the imperial period.

From an art-historical point of view, the remark also comes to mind: in the earliest depictions on coins Eros more in Jttng- was given the form of a man; since Alexander has been kicking around boyish figure. Deviations from the last rule may mostly refer to replicas of statuary works. rest. Eros never achieved a standing type e.g. B. the Nike on the four-horse team in Sicilian cities, especially special at Syracuse, or like the Nike on the Macedonian King coins. —

«•

Asklepios and Hygieia on Monzen from Bizya.

The answer published in the 5th volume of this magazine p. 320 ff. sentence A. y. Sallets about the relief depictions of the so-called Death's feast, as with such a frequently discussed controversial issue There was hardly any other way to expect it, and there was opposition from several sides found, for example by Milchhöfer in the communications of the Archaeol. Institute in Athens IV p. 164, and in detailed discussion by Wieseler in the Göttinger Nachrichten 1880 p. 34 ff. There In the latter place, the coin images from Bizya are dealt with in particular it may be permissible to refer to the same things again here. approach.

The series of funeral reliefs has increased in recent years received a significant increase, especially through the publication Publication of the catalog of the ancient sculptures of Thrace by A. Dumont (Archives des missions scientifiqnes III 3 p. 119ff.)^]. There, next to the equestrian reliefs, the funeral meal appears as the common in the latest Macedonian and imperial periods. The clearest depiction is on tombstones, 6 of which have an inscription referred to as such, another by those from Thasos as a compilation already known from southern Russia Rider relief and funeral feast. What all of these monuments have in common sam is the absence of the adorant trait. To the Asia Minor Grave reliefs from Cilicia have recently been added.

1) See Dnmont's Rapport d'un voyage en Thrace, Miss, scientif. 11, 6 p. 478 f.

R. Weil, Asclepius and Hygieia on coins from Bizya. \Q\

come through the rock sculptures discovered by Collignon th new grotto in the valley of Cheitan-Lik, including 2 with writing (Bulletin de Corresp. Hellen. IV 133 fff.), all without admirers. For Greece, however, it is now becoming increasingly clear that There these reliefs were only used in individual areas. come, the different landscapes are special habits are followed; because while in Athens and at the Delia on Rheneia, which are under the Athenian river flow Numerous burial reliefs are found as grave monuments, They are rare in Boeotia ^) , they are sparse also in the Peloponnese 2), and the same applies to the Doric Sporades Melos, Thera^) and Anaphe, although there the heroic cultus had gained a special expansion.

If now for the monuments just touched on the use has been proven to be gravestones, can now be confirmed by the excavation exercises of the Archaeological Society on the southern slope of the acro- polis also provide evidence of a small number of reliefs dating back to where they were found, and in one case also according to the inscription served as an anathema for Asclepius ^) , so that the long disputed use of such reliefs in the Asklepios cult, whether just for the beginning of the Roman period, which this Pieces belong to inscription and work, beyond all doubt

1) Körte's catalog of the sculptures from Boeotia (Communication from the Arcbaeol. Inst. III 383 f.) only has 3.

2) The 4 listed by Pervanoglu Family Meal p. 27 f. are still there those described by Milchhöfer (Mittheil. d. Archäol. Inst. IV 134 f. 164). Add Arcadia.

3) One from Thrasia, published in Michaelis Annal. 1864 p. 262 tav. agg. R n. 5 crude and clumsy from someone with only an imperfect knowledge of Greek According to the non-Greek TheU of the inscription, it can be concluded that it came from Karlen. men could. Another in Thera at the church of S. Giovanni Castello, with different mutilated epitaph; but here too, as with the previous relief, the depicted shortened representation chosen.

4) v. Duhn, archaeol. Time. 35 (1878) p. 167 f. n. 91. 92. 93. 94, all with Adurantcn, on the latter relief the inscription Ini h^titas Jiotpayovg tov

102 1^-Weili

is posed; whereas, however, the older anathema reliefs of Athenian Asklepieion show other representations.

What now concerns the coin images from Bizya, for which belonging to this circle of monuments through the reliefs of the Askle- pieion the previously missing middle link has been found Wieseler a. 0. the explanation given by Sallet that here is one votive representation to Asklepios has to be rejected. believes. To explain the type of coin, it has not yet been taken into account It remains clear that this is not a single presentation position, but rather a whole group of Bizyene coins, which are closely related to each other, and whose types complement each other.

The front: Bust of the Emperor Philippus r. with tank and paluda mentum, on his head the laurel wreath AVTMIOVA

♦lAinnocAvr

can be found from one and the same stamp - same the asn. 8, like Head Cat. of Greek Coins. Thrace p. 90f. at n. 10 and n. 13 expressly states - with the following 4 downsides:

Asclepius with Telesphoros, Apollo and Hygieia; Tyche and Zeus on Bathren in the background (Catal. Thrace n. 8).

Hygieia enthroned with Telesphoros; to her Asclepius enthroned, with a veiled matronly figure Wreath (?) presented, in the background a tree. (Vienna, Paris; I have Mionnet's sulfur paste from the latter version for comparison).

Nike and the Emperor, in martial costume and with the Corona vallaris decorated, erect a tropaeum at the foot of which two tied prisoners are sitting, on the left Half-naked woman with long hair, on the right a bearded man, with the same pointed cap that was worn by Scythian actors lungs and also as a Dacia headdress on the mouths

A&klapios ond Uygieia auf Uünicn «au Biiya. 103

zeu of the province (Eckhel D. N. II p. 5) occurs (Catat. Thrace n. I3j. AsUepioB at the KUne, next to him sits Hygieia, 1. the boy with the crater, vod r. Comes Rose, 1st on the banm the HamiBch is hung, with the shield at the back (Catal. Thrace n. 10. Paris).

The composition of these consistently very rare coins zen, which have already been mentioned because of the stamp identity of the obverse must have emerged at the same time, which shows that this imprint the Bizyene took place following a victory for the emperor. This can only be understood as reflecting Philippas' campaign the Karper, on which the von Eckhel VII p. 322 and Cohen IV p. 1S6 n. 107 described coin of Jabres 247 with Vic- toria Carpica, and which only appears on coins from the year 248 mende title Carpicus Maximtu (Eckbel a. 0., Cohen IV 202 n. 5) relates. Gordian III had not started his Persian campaign before as if it were intended for the Orient armies had secured the Danube border. But already at that As soon as Timi^theog died, the border people began their work devastating attacks again (Jul. Capit. Oord. III 31] ■). Therefore, after making peace with the Persians, Philip Arabs must

l) An ibrar Spitie iteht Jul. Cipit. Uunl. III 31: ArguntU ScyttuTum Tel, Vau SkytbeoeiDlaUeD «elw also Zoiitiu XII 19.

104 ^' ^cilf Asklepios and Hygieia on coins from Bizya.

made him and gave recognition to his rule in Rome had created, to the Danube countries. The bodies; which ones here invaded, were defeated in the field, and threw Then they go to a castle, where they soon become besieged Contracts understood (Zosim. I 20) . Further information about phi- lippus' activity in this counter-purpose is lacking, but it is open- bar in connection with the same, if in the year 247 the pro- vincia Dacia an imprint with its own era begins ^j ; also from that which was particularly rich under the reign of Philip Coins from the cities of Moesia and Thrace can certainly be found the greatest part will be placed in this period of government. Coins of the younger Philip with the 248 awarded to him Augustus titles are only available from Viminacium, although of course It must be admitted that on the coins of the more distant provinces the titles are not always error-free.

What is the closer relationship with Bizya, the old one? Odrysian capital, which was part of Philip's campaign, will be difficult to identify. See on their coin images In the series listed above we provide direct reference on the victory won by the emperor, then in three different ones Depictions of life and health giving deities, on the first coin without a specific action; on the following Asclepius receives an offering from an older woman who one might think of the Empress Otacilia; on the third but appears in the grouping that corresponds to the marble reliefs speaks, Hygieia sitting next to Asclepius, who is from the Warriors who returned home happily presented their horses and weapons has brought.

R. Weil.

1) Eckhel II, p. 9 f. Mommsen CIL. III, p. 161.

Nymphodoros, regent of Abdera around 430 BC.

Such great advances have been made in recent times in Greek dating has made Chinese autonomous coins, it is almost always only the coincidence of certain events with external ones Characteristics of the coin monuments, which lead us to chronological conclusions justify. That with a full name someone in the community layer well-known or famous man on the Greek Autonomous coins are named as minters, namely what As far as older times are concerned, so far only in extremely few cases to prove; The Boeotic ones have been known for a long time Coins of Epaminondas, I recently got them - but without them every claim to complete security - the Syracuse one Demagogue Sosis can be recognized in the “Sosias” of the copper coins believed*). This is followed by the names of the field lord of the holy war and a few officials of the Thessalians, from Sicyon, Sparta 2) etc.

Here we now have a didrachm from Abdera Example of one that can be proven with almost legal certainty Mention of a well-known man and thus dating that coin, which refers to the entire chronology of the Thracian Imprint of influence is:

1) 8. Zcitschr. f. Numism. V, p. 92.

2) S. especially Because in the ZeiUchr. f. Number 1, p. 173. The commander of the Holy War first in Prokesch, Vienna Academy Writings 1854 p. 254.

Hf. ABAHPITEQN Greif 1.

Rf. ePl NYM^KSA^PO in the recessed square.

A. 7 (in Mr. LambroB).

The actual age of the coins is easy to determine: they niuss around the middle of the fifth century before Cbr. ge- coins aeio; it is similar to the coins of Alexander I of Macedo- nien (f 454), but already shows a softer style; in Abdera itself gives this type of didrachm a great deal of praise previous voraas.

An important Abderite statesman named Nym- Phodoros from the middle of the fifth century is well known: Thncydides and Uerodotus initially tell us about the Abderite Nympbodoros, the son of Pytbes, a powerful and powerful extremely rich man, whose sister was the wife of the Thracian kSnigs Sitalkes was a guest in 430 Athenian, an alliance between the Athenians and the Thracian king brought about and in association with this king the Athenians important, and according to today's terms, very dishonorable ones served against Sparta. Thucydidee tells (U. 29}: nal iv r^ owirp ^t^u NvfiqioSciQoy rov Ilv&ebt avS^a l4ßdij^iTijv, oh elxe lijy ädeX^ljv ^iraAxijs, dvrafievov Tiag avt^t fteya, oi '^ifi^~ valot Tt^öregov noXifimv vofU^ovrts n^ö^evov iTCOi^aavro xa'i fUTtTti^tpavTO, (iovlöfievoi —itälKijv aipioi vbv TJj^iiM @^orx(M' ßaailia, ^v^tfiaxov yevead-ai . . . lX&i!tv te ei; ra^lAiHivag ö Nvnq)6dinQos T^v IE Toii 2izäi.xov ^vftfiaxittv Inolrjoe . . . and Herodotus (VII. 137) : oi yoQ, nE/tq^^eneg vno Aay-^dai^oviMv

Nymphodorus, regent of Abdera around 430 \or BC 107

ayyekoi ig rijp l^airjVy TtQoöo^ipTeg öi vjtb ^irdkxeio tov Ti^QetJ, GQ¥]'ixwy ßaaikrjog, xal Nvfig)odiüQOV tov Ilv&eu), ävÖQog lAßöfi-- Qiriia ^kußaav xara BiaavO^rjv r^v iv ^Ekkrja/copTfit aal anax-- &ivT€g ig T/yr IdrTixriv ajcixß-apov vtco Idd-v^vaiiov.

These events take place in the year 430 BC. BC We see So based on what was told by Thncydides and Herodotus, that 430 Nyniphodoros in Abdera a powerful, with the Thracian King's husband was that he was in his relationship with Athens almost like a dynast or at least like an independent one, ruling statesman is considered and appears: he will officially ceremoniously appointed as a guest of the Athenians personally in Athens the alliance with the Odrysian king and finally leads the bandit coup against the latter with the latter unfortunate Spartan envoy.

So around 430 Nymphodorus must have been the representative, so to speak. sentant of the state of the Abderites, their ruling head be being. Let's compare the coin with the inscription: f.T/ NvfKfodioQo j then all the external circumstances agree so men that the same can be safely compared to what is known historically would like to attribute it to Nymphodoros of Abdera; because that's on The man named on the coin with i;il is a noble, ruling man was a civil servant, goes without saying and is confirmed by many ana- logies, such as i/il 'Ixera in Syracuse, are put beyond doubt. Furthermore According to its style, the coin is necessarily around the middle of the fifth century B.C. minted BC; when can be determined by the year Of course, don't specify, 430 would probably be the latest date. must accept min.

Now we have the safe delivery of a keeper from Abdera to this time, so the conclusion is not unfair- manufactured that he minted the coin.

We will accordingly include the entire series of Abderites Coins with officials' names around the square from that time, for example set the middle of the fifth century and accordingly

108 ^' ^' Sallet, Nymphodoros, regent of Abden around 430 BC.

the older and later series of these coins be able to arrange them chronologically with some certainty.

From another, albeit much weaker, identifier I already have a cimngs attempt by an Abderite official spoken earlier^): Fox suspected that early didrachms, which can be minted around nm 420 - 400, the official Democritus is identical with the philosopher, which is not true It would be downright impossible, but at the time it fits.

A Herodotos is also not uncommon on Abderi coins:

Hf. Greif 1. Including hen.

RF EPHPOAOTO in the recessed square.

Ai. 7.

Herodotos was called a brother of Democritus. — Also the name

Polyphantes can be found in literature as well as on coins

Abderite name.

A.V. Sallet.

1) Magazine f. Num. III, 49. — Hf. Greif sitting 1st letter EPI AHMOKPITO in the square nm a lyre. Jl. 6.

^ «.

The successors of Alexander the Great in Bactria

nnd India.

The fortune, a larger fnnd of Bactrian-Indian coins Being able to see through is probably very rare in Germany; me managed to find one, probably essentially one, in time belonging large number - over two hundred pieces - arranged net of Bactrian copper and some silver coins, which from Ijondon came here to investigate. The majority were poorly preserved pieces of the Turushkas and theirs immediately preceding Soter magnus; a copy of the previous Art known only in one piece in the Berlin Museum Suee's Dens with horse and bow was unfortunately completely illegible. — Also many common Arsacid coins and some Sassanid coins contained the “find,” including a number of not bad specimens plare of the still rare large Ardeshir copper coin the first with the bust of his young son Sapor I. ///*. Indistinct transcription. The busts of Ardeshir I. to the right and his bearded son Sapor to each other facing, both with tiaras. lif. »Artachshetr nura zia in Pehlvi (“Artaxerxes' fire” altar"), after a compilation of three copies, complete clearly, around the fire altar. ^. 8.

1) A review of a few new ones from the Nnmismatic chronicle. I'm still saving the old Bactrians, as they will soon be used by the English ships. taught a previously unknown Bactrian coin will become TerTifrentlicht, which has no equal in terms of strangeness and historical significance.

110 A.V. Sallet,

Also noteworthy is a copy of the coins something reminiscent of the Bactrian kings Pacores and Orthagnes, Piece close to the Sassanids with unknown writing:

Hf, bearded bust 1. with large hair follicle. Long time writing. RF, fire altar. Long transcription. ^. h^ji-

Another complete copy already has the liner collection (Prokesch-East).

The yield for Bactrian-Indian numismatics was not in number and in terms of the preservation of the pieces considerable, but I still managed a small row stranger, rarer, more significant from the previously known coins tend to select different coins and before the investigation to save the gang. Here I give the description of the most important things along with illustrations of the strangest pieces.

AntlochüS IL of Syria, as king of Bactria.

Hf. Head of the king with diadem r. *)

Rf. BASIAEAS ANTIOXOY Zeus throwing lightning with Aegis 1st, in front of him eagle. Behind him upwards tet trident. Left monogram (^ or similar. jR, 3. Weight almost 4 6rm. Poorly preserved.

1) That this head, completely different from other experiences and every non-mismatic It is again claimed that contrary to the law, it is not Antiochus but Diodotus in a review of my “Successors of Alexander, etc.” in the “Literarisches Cen- tralblatt«. There I am proven to have made a terrible mistake, for which I... especially the philologists and historians must ask for forgiveness. Through the fact that the prologues of Trogn and Justin's work are in my exem- are tied together, explains my erroneous quote (p. 33): ^Justin . . . Heading of the lost book 41" ; it must read: »Trogus. . . Headline of (like everything *) lost) Book 41 «. That I always have the author himself at hand My other use of the 41st book proves that I had it of Justin. — The review also highlights that v. Gutschmid, whose Unfortunately, the essay "on the fragments of Pompey's Troupe" remained unknown to me. gus" (jahrb. f. das. Philol. Snppl. II, 1856 - f)?) also make some comments about

*) Apart from a discovery that was just reported in the newspapers.

1^

The successors Akiindera dei Great Britain in Bactria and India. 1 1 1

This is, Bovi«l I know,» the second known one Example of the drachma, previously only in the Britieh Museum.

Arsaces jnstDH.

The coins the Araacefl dixam^, which Cunniogham first heknunt f;emacht, xiud of the utmost rarity, missing in London don, and I never managed to see a copy. So The one depicted here, which is of course very manifold, had to be more helpful to me. gelatinous, but in the l«snng of the Indian legend at the ent^ The opposite point is completely clear, the previous readings probably be an essentially corrective piece.

H/. Traces of Greek transcription. The king on horseback r-, raising the K. and probably holding a wreath. R. a Bactrian g.

lif. Standing long-dressed figure (Pallas with helmet), with small Nike on the pike, the lance across the left Arm, similar in position to Zeus Nikephoros Tctradrachmcn the AiEen (see my “successors Alexander” ders' p. 14 1, the sixth coin from the bottom, now also in the Berlin Museum). ^ On the left a Greek mono- gram, on the right an Indian symbol.

Billion 6.

htkirltrhe Mrinieo Fnlhlll, dieMlbe Conjerlar Obet l.tnjire and Drmettlai gemtnhl have, r\r Irb, iiiinllrh 6tM d1a*e [.aodlr« daughter of* Ilemetriui and a Sjrriirheii Luidire uri. — All i)bTl||i>n instructions, hints, numeral blessings n.n. w ■nnnymrn Rereniilnn litwe kh bei Seile, you can probably do it with norben teaching titles «Irllrn: You have the nominalism and not the acceptance of the numbers. niiliker«- »andcrn the »Takt dei HiibirikerH h>l>e -lu entirheideii-! —

112 A.V. Stllet,

The Indian description of the coins of Arsaces justns gives Cunningham (and after him the catalog by Rollin n. Fenardent):

maharajasa rajarajasa mahatasa ashshakasa *) .

On our copy you can see the title, bottom right

starting:

(ma)harajasa tasa

But the most important thing is the name of the king, and here it is Fortunately, our copy was preserved in such a way that the correct current reading can hardly be a doubt; the name says how always, below; you see:

The name is Greek i/^aaxi^g, and the Indian surroundings Scripture reflects this exactly. It probably doesn't say "Ashsha" kasa,” as Cunningham reads, but “Arshakasa,” namely is the rih what I believe is an undoubted monogram from r, ^ and «A, T. That the sh is at the top and the r is at the bottom Perhaps the reason is that the monogram is much heavier would have been understandable if r were at the top and sh at the bottom; sh is sufficiently characterized by the upper half of the letter, while the r only becomes completely clear when it is completely is written, so it is below.

The preference of later Bactrian coins for mono- gram in Indian legend is well known; through our rsh The Indian alphabet of these coins will now be replaced by a new one Monogram enriched.

So the legend is written in the regular way: *?>! iH, Arshakasa.

Orthagnes«

The reading of this king's name did not seem to me Sure, I guessed based on the extremely rare ^ originals and

1) Sic; I have the misprint “ashakasa”.

The successors of Alexander the Great in Bactria and India.

113

the impression of the L|^oner copy is more like “OrthaneBo. This is but wrong. The king's real name was "Orthagnes," as it were... educated piece certainly proves.

Hf, BACIACYC BAC .... GArNHC bust image 1. Rf. . . i'V/U ^J'PtY'^'lV? . . . but unfortunately this is not the case either clear in all parts. Nike with wreath and palm branch r., in the field letters, on the right the usual g or ga, gan. ^ M.Sy?.

I am including here the description of two earlier pieces of this one Königs, which I would like to pass on to the owner, Hm. Löbbecke in Braunschweig, thanks to:

HJ. BACIACYC BACIA . . . M€rAC OPGArN, without

the ending HC bust picture 1. RF Nike as usual. The letter on the left is once: y\ , the usual g on the right. — The transcription, ans Compiled from both copies, there is no doubt about it: >^1'1>t1>.1l/U ..... 1v«JP>1i;u. ^. 6V2. The coin shown teaches that the “gapha” is also a The genitive is clearly ending in “sa”. But it seems more likely here something like “gasadhasa”; in the preceding name of Gondophares is the d maybe 2 instead of S.

The whole inscription is therefore secured by these three pieces posed: it says, starting at the top of the Nike:

maharajasa rajadirajasa mahatasa gadapharasa gapharasa

(or . . dasa, or gasadhasa]

'Pl'PX or "P^VX "P^VSt "PIXU 'Pll'nil "PlIl/U

114 A.V. Sallet,

Here, too, the name reminds us of the togetherness - stellang des nns from the medieval legend of Jacobns a Yoragine's well-known brother of Gondophares, Oad, with this "Godophara Gaphadha" or "Gasadhaa", which you might might consider himself the high king of Orthagnes - but be careful is better here than accidental similarities in the sounds follow.

8oter Magnus«*

As a variant, here deserves a nice copy of the Ordinary large copper coin of Soter Magnus with the Bust mention, vj^dj^es, which so far only exists in the tree limited small ^li^Bp seems to be known, the knows the name of the big one and also the rare cor- The right form of the document shows:

BACI...EUJN [ZUJTHP

Likewise, a specimen of the small coin of Soter shows this- the same correct forms (also without fteyagi), still completely diger:

...eye: baeziaeujn ezuj..

Kanerki.

Buddha.

After seeing the real existence and proper reading of the discovered by Cunningham but almost lost and in Recently even doubted coins from Eanerki with the Representation and transcription of the Buddha through a copy of the Berlin collection (Prokesch), it was a very special special favor of fate that I have a second one too Essentially clear and beautiful piece with Buddha^s image and transcription found, again from the few already written formed differently.

The Nchtfolger Alexandert dsi Oimsbd in Btktria and Indlan. ) ] 5

Ä. Hf. Feeling the inscription gao xavi^^xi. The sacrificing KoDig

I., as usual. Ugh. Standing Bnddha with Nimbns from the front, with the wflsimilaro^ ^Itang of the hands. His peculiarity - ities: 4^ Answnchs at the top of j|^m head '] , the long ones Obriüppchen, are very clear here; left the common symbol of the HnBika coin. From the Transcription is completely clear^ff Name of Bnddha:

AYOa^ declining, like «more often, the & is on the left; Y and like it The A also seems to have a somewhat squiggly shape, similar to the Y of the death that was made known to me liner coin. — The last O of ^uvSo is no longer see clearly za. Unfortunately, the rest of the transcription is not clear. Whether maybe, from a onwards, the legend reads vertically, from above roof below za iHt, about CAK. .? The wavy representations that Wilson (without finding the reading and meaning of the representation) formed, one of which was later reproduced by Prinsep different positions of the legend, about its reading and Significance in my “Niichfollowi Alexander n. s.w.” extensive is verified.

I| Ilicier ii( also tiif ilem llirTlint-r l•^^■!lnpl>r with sluending Buddha deiit- lirh, S. mAw, T.f. VI No. 1.

3) Wilsnii, Arlm) Miliic» plate \tll above the enln and iKell« MDiiie, — Prinsep, Ratiri on Ind intlqu. t, T*r. VII No. II.

116 A.V. Sallet,

Edoe (?) as a transcription of Helios-Mioro. The find contained a small, by no means entirely barbaric Piece of the Kanerki with a strange inscription of the sun god, which is on the Greek coins '-of the king "Helios". the Indian with Greek legends but "Mioro", "Moro" Etc., means:

Hf, ... POA NANO. . . Sacrificing King 1.

Rf, positioning Helios as usual, with ray nimbus: In any case, the symbol 1. has only been rubbed off. It's on the right HAOH^. 4.

However, the inscription on the front is incorrect Qoa vavo. . instead of Qao vavo. . , would also be the case with this one - at least The coin belonging to Kanerki has the long title Qao vavo xa- vrjQKL instead of the one otherwise characteristic of copper coins Qao xavrjQTii striking; but the coin is definitely overgrown not, and that's why I want the whole different caption of the sun god is not immediately considered merely flawed and barbaric. explain carefully. With the difficulty on these coins that Distinguishing N and H, the A and A, remains the reading uncertain, but the most likely result is HAOH. Is Can you even see a new nickname for Helios here? You think so immediately to fjöovi^j but this interpretation is all the more closed warn, as the coin was not a Greek one, but an Indian one, has a legend written only in Greek letters. — Of course, it is precisely on the Indian-speaking coins that zen of Kanerki the Artemis-Selene with her very classic Greek name Näva, while based on the Greek Coins of the same king have the non-classical Greek name

The successors of Alezander the Grosben in Bactria and India. *! ^7

N ANAIA carries *) — so imiuerhin also like the .HAOH be a Greek, somehow mutilated name - in any case: in dubiis res ad ivinimum redigenda.

A.V. Sallet.

1) The goddess called “Nanaia” in the story of the Maccabees (II. Maccab. 1, 14 - 16) was already called "Artemis" by ancient writers, see Polyb. WXI, 11 and Josh. Ant. XII, 9, ^ i. — One given to me by Mr. Prof. v. Gulsnhniid proven work by G. Hoffmann on these Syrian deities, in which also from the Kanerki^MONzcn the Uede is (treatise for the Customer of the Orient VII, Leipzig 1880J wasn't too easy for me yet.

l\

Porus consilii filius.

The way it appears has not yet been described or described. formed pT>ß medal from my friend's collection Dannenberg is an excellent work by Giovanni Cavino, born in 1500, died in 1570, of the famous Paduan, deeseu name "Joanes Caviuns« also, almost completely visible, in the section of the bronze statue, raised, can be read. Strange is the most cleverly imitated technique of some Romans Imperial medallion B: the core is made of dark copper, the ntng- put Riind, through the inner circle line also in the illustration interpreted, made of bright brass. - Up until now it seemed puzzling Inscription around the Ghristushild: PORVS CONSILII FILIVS. One had thought of: parns consilii filiu, "the pure son of (divine) counsel", but this always remained a eebr Thoughtful change and forced explanation.

I think I have found the meaning of the transcription, but However, in a place where it is difficult to explain the two Look for a writing by a Christhildes of the sixteenth century

A. V. Sallet, Forue rousilii fllius. 119

becomes: Flato tells in the 6a8tpfil^||M)^, ^ — C) vou a uiytbo- I<»^8cheQ l'erinliclikeit , ditBi^ä^osr; this is the son of 1/i^r/v: (which was |||p]ahlin the Zeifs). TIoqoi^ means: the None, the way, the help, then on one person lihertrageu. One who knows ways and means; this figure \ii now - the son of !\ir-tii:, d. i. of consideration, of cathartic HchluKses, and since Metis otherwise appears as the wife of Zeus- konmit, perhaps also son of the highest god, Zeus. So the naming of Christ is: PORVS CONSILII FILIVS the literal transcription and translation of UoQog Mf]- iidoi: vioi;.

Ks is then further shown by Plato that the UoQfn^ with Yourict (poverty) created Eros (dfl^lovej. —

Certainly this designation of Christ comes from the words of Savior: "Live the way and the truth and the life" taken, and even if from the relevant Bible passage (Job. XIV, 5 - 7) not .ro^os* but odfJc; stands for “way”, that’s how it is but in direct connection with this position [Job. XIV. H — 4) the verb /toQevo^iai used several times: jcoQtvo- itat hrotfiaam ro/coy 17W» »I am going to visit the place for you ride« etc.

There is also one, but much larger and only suitable for me Italian medal known from the description') with the same Depictions: Cbristus image and crucifixion, where around the chest picture the Bibcistelle says: EGO SVM VIA VERITAS ET VITA.

That you can apply Platonic myths to Christ and Christian ones Interpreting and conjuring things may have occurred in the sixteenth century in no way noticeable where one was concerned, classical philosophy and Christianity to unite and relationships based on Christ in found in the writings of the Greek philosophers. The Padua There are some medalists who are Roman in their imitations

1) .f.'. 8ti Miliiiu. S. C'aUluguc d urio cull. de luiMHillc« italicniios de la re- iiai»6aiice (12 February lÖbO) Paris, II. Iluffmauii, No. 127.

120 A. V. Sallet, Porus conBtlii fllius.

Bronze coins their close acquaintance with the classical To show antiquity, there were certainly people with literary experience, perhaps even classically learned men, or were Certainly, as the capable artists of that time always did, theoretically logically and philosophically educated men.

Whether this identification of the Platonic Porous with Christian stus, perhaps also the Maria with Metis, or something else, whether there is any further transformation of the Platonic legend Nenplatonicism or Gnosticism about that relationship to Christ I don't know what caused it.

In any case, the entire Platonic myth of Porous (ab- seen from the first described festival of the gods, at which Porous drunk in nectar) so that he looks very nice on Christ is to be interpreted: Porous, the way, the son of the Metis, the superior laying, of the conclusion of the bath (of the wife of the most high God, of Zeus), created with the Penia, the poverty, the Eros, the Love. So handle this myth of Plato as enough a beautiful and poetic prophecy about Christ.

Whether the inscription on the back: OMNIA SVRSVM TR ACTA SV NT, which does not appear to be a Bible passage I know that it is to be found in profane writers of antiquity not.

A.V. Saliet.

♦

A letter from EckheF.

In a Berlin autograph auction *) I acquired see the following letter from Eckher, the beginning of which is unfortunately missing:

»...to share these observations of mine with your E. You will give me a Heyne, Christian, Richter, Lengnich, etc., oppose. I respect all these gentlemen as great philosophers lologists, but not as practical coin experts. You become one to thoroughly explain the coin recognized in advance as eight. sen, but they will often disagree about the verdict of authenticity of a coin could be greatly mistaken. We Viennese were often right very surprised; how crooked my friend Heyne, whom I met in... Seriously and with admiration for our first philologist Ages, sometimes about numismatic works in the Göttingen advertisements judged. Should be my judgment, and mine Your E.'s memories mentioned so far seem suspicious, o then I ask her to a Barthelemy, or an Abbe le Blond, whom I regard as the most skilful judges in our day Hold coins to share. Should they tell me in what I I have written down so far, to be opposed, then, k Dieu, ma chere science numismatique, I step off the stage in shame off. After this relief of heart, I still have a few left to answer points in your letter.

You are not satisfied with my judgment about 6olz; neither do others. I was just accused

1) Rud. Lepke's 296th Auction. Auto^aphen mostly from the estate of L. Bechstein, Jos. v. Eichendorff, de la Motte Fouqutf etc. No. 565.

122 A.V. Sallet,

v

the deepest Italy. Meanwhile, I think ours are behaving Gentlemen antiquarians against gold, like birds against the eagle owl. Everyone loathes him and everyone follows him. That's exactly how they are All of them are suspicious of Golzen, and yet they swear by it his flag. How much I wanted the man to be an honest man German patriot, defend, but it is absolutely impossible. I remember the Golzian ones in my ars critica uumaria ^). To dedicate a separate chapter to coins and what I say there will be a demonstration. It's not the only gold where I make myself a kitter; That's just how I beat myself around with Harduin; both were great scholars and capable something sensible to say, but both of them went with Miss Numis- matics did not act righteously, Uarduki misused them for gallantry teria, Golzen even liked to force her.

To prove that Golzen's coins appear every day come (every day? and every eight? I would really have to think about this write a lot) your E. run the Ariostic in Vienna Cabinet, in which there should be over 50 coins, which you can use up to I only knew him from Golzen. Since I was lucky 8 years ago had, intended entire collection for the quay. treasure to get above, no one is more capable than I to explain this. to give future. There was none of this kind among them, and they were really there. I am very fond of your E. thought the 50 pieces in a certain secret way

But I don't want to judge badly, but I could get over it They don't have the beautiful 50 gold coins, and who knows? If I should come to more detailed information, whether I should not through the quay. Wetzlar Chamber Court to file a complaint.

About van Damm's miraculous work. He wrote to me, he I wanted one, casually out of favor and goodwill

ff

Send a copy, in return for which I will give him 4 gold and 2 silver

1) This is dio Doctriiia numoram Tetenini. As is well known, Kckhel has it in it (I p. C\L — CLV) the Golzian nonsense has been discarded forever.

A letter from Eckher. ]23

Berne Kayser coins, lots of rare ones, and pieces that were missing from him, in addition to 2 new works, including mine from last year published work in folio, Choix de pierres grav^es antiques you Cabinet Imperial, as a very meager one despite everything equivalent; should send. £r sat bey (a la bonne HoUan- dose] that I should lead the way in sending. I did everything punctually towards the middle of the past month. What else? This will happen, the good Lord knows.

I have already seen Barthelemys Anacharsis, among others. glanced through it quickly, but didn't take the time to take it in yet - to read carefully. You can't do anything about a man like that... different from being thorough and selected in advance. muten. But I have very bad things to say about him. Since he on According to his own confession, I have been working on this work since 1757 He would probably have spent a little year as garde du Cabinet can hire to get the most valuable, still unknown pieces of the Royal immeasurable treasure to us greedy people to make known.

Now it's really time to close. My ancient n. Worthy friend v (?) Dammers is already into me anyway A bit angry that I hesitated too long with my answer. I would like to ask you once again to express my opinion throughout the letter. correctness on the best side. I have it in- mer to be honest in a business, especially back then, when it came to doing that, a venerable one, etc. protect me from the evil intentions of selfish fraudsters warn. I remain with all due respect, n. Offer my other services

Your Excellency

most obedient servant

Abbe Eckhel mp. *j

vertatur. 1) This is only indicated by a fleeting stroke of the pen.

124 A.V. Sallet,

N, S A good friend and lover of mine here asked me to him at your E. Button impressions of coins that are enclosed in the recorded on the note. But he is not so keen on it, even if it brings with it inconveniences would be."

This letter from Eckhel, like the one already known, is from J. Friedlaender in the third volume of the Berlin sheets for coins etc. customer p. 279 printed ; through his living fresh tone pleasing; that too of no belief in authority healthy and free people guided and not darkened by chauvinism courageous judgment about the learned German philologists, the French French coin connoisseur, Barth^lemy's literary effectiveness, Golz' and Hardouins' numismatic sins, etc., give an appealing A good picture of Eckhel's way of thinking. The letter is written not before April 1789, this will be through the projected exchange with the Dutch coin and antiquity researcher van Damme proven: writes in the letters printed by Friedlaender Eckhel about the same matter to the learned coin collection Countess Bentink, March 1789: he, Eckhel, wrote to van Damme three years ago (i.e. 1786) two numismatic works »from my fagona, probably the Numi veteres. anec- doti and the sylloge I. numorum veterum etc. sent; these Van Damme was with the Dutch Unity two years ago rest was destroyed (by the so-called patriots, 1787), He now wants to offer it to him again, perhaps for the sake of van To preserve Damme's projected large coin work. In the pre- The letter lying on the table is now perfect, i.e. h. by EckheFs Page. He has given the impudent demander these two works, plus the Ghoix de pierres grav^es etc., published in 1788. and sent six rare Roman coins; comes from this now also the date of the letter: the one to the Countess

k \

Kin letter fuckhers. 125

Bentink is from ... March 1789, the present one from the earliest April of the same year, because Eckhel “towards the middle of the “Last month” the broadcast was made. The year is 1789 Certainly, because Eckhel says of his Choix (1788) “my im work published last year«; there Eckhel is so calm If you talk about the conditions in Paris, the letter will probably be there when the storming of the Bastille became known (July 14, 1789). be written. — As far as the exchange with van Damme is concerned, so His “miraculous work” was not published at all, Eckhel was so the bruised one.

Unfortunately, it is impossible to know who the letter is addressed to, since the recipient lost, no longer recognizable; anyway it is one noble and very learned, albeit with old prejudices biased collector. Whether in the “ancient friend v(?) Dam- mers« is the addressee to be found? A play with van Damme it is definitely not i). That the letter isn't anything like that printed by Friedlaeuder, also to Countess Bentink, Whatever Eckhel addresses as “Your Excellency” is addressed, the coarse, and by the way very apt, expressions about Golz, Eckhel would also then refer to his earlier letter from March, which deals with some of the same things.

EckheF's letters are, like Friedlaeuder a. a. 0. communicates, extremely rare; not a single one seems to exist in Vienna. stiren ; so far only the two were from B. Friedlaender'schen Antigraph collection known.

EckheF's handwriting, except for the scattered French German letters, is beautiful, regular and clear; a right one A successful replica of his name signature gives the pretty Medal with his portrait, which the Vienna numismatics Society had it made to celebrate its tenth anniversary. k. V. Sallet.

1 ) The name >▼. Dammers" is not to be found among those kept in Vienna, Letters sent to Krkhel, as sent to me by Mr. Dr. Connoisseur kindly informs.

The coin find from Frankfurt a. 0.

At the beginning of March d. J. was built on a new building Garden plots in the Guben suburb of Frankfurt a. 0., in A coin discovery was made at a depth of about IV2 meters Examination of me by the manager of the property, Reindeer Moser, was most readily permitted. The little darling, which has suffered quite a bit from oxidation, as the site where it was found is very moist due to the high groundwater there in a glazed vessel made of green clay, from which Unfortunately only the delicately formed foot was delivered, while the remaining fragments were discarded by the workers have been. Undoubtedly not all of them are coins either ends up in the hands of the builder, but one can probably assume that ensure that essential pieces have not been lost.

The find consisted of 6 Hungarian gold guilders (four of

King Sigismund with the mintmarks R, K - 3, SB - O and K — L , and two of King Ladislaus with the mintmarks K — L

and K — D, and 152 silver coins, the latter all groschen Elector Frederick II of Brandenburg. The directory of the The same is the following, whereby only the main stamps are different taken into account, minor differences in the font separations nnng signs are ignored as irrelevant. To the basis Köhne's list serves at the end of his treatise about the coins of Frederick II in the first volume of his magazine, Page 234 ff., along with the additional catalogs by Saussure and Henckel.

Vf. Bardt, The Munzfnnd of Frankfurt a. 0.

127

' I. Brandenburg Mint.

1st type: Wreath with 3 coats of arms Mf. Adler (1 piece),

and evil.

1) +FREDQRiaVS <> D9I <> Rf. Stern GROSSVSonOVVSo , 6RÄ' o SBKR' BRÄ'D'BVR Köhne No. I .

2nd type: eagle. RF. Cross with 4 coats of arms

(2 pieces).

2) + FRIDQI'O' o SßÄR' » Rf. StemOROSSVSoSßÄRaiil' P'OaPS o QLQaTO' o BRÄ'DQ'BVR' » Zu

Köhue No. 6 and 7.

I

3rd type: Cross with 4 coats of arms. RF. Adler (6 pieces).

3) +FK9DQRiaVS o dQI o Rf. Star GROSSVSonOVVS» 6RÄ' o SfiÄRQ' o BRÄ'D'BVR' Köhne No.4.

4th T}rpus: Eagle shield with am-Rf. Four-field coat of arms shield men-like decorations. with panties. (2 pieces).

4) + FRQDeilCVS o Qo 6o Rf. +HÄnQTÄonOoHÄRaho IMPI o QLQOTOR BRÄnDB6HenckelNr.l2ü.

5. Type: Eagle shield with rose chen.

.'>) + F o RGOeRiaVS o D ° 6 o IMPI o eLQQTOl

G) + FReoeRiavs o d <> 6 <>

IMPI o QLQQTOR

7) Same as #6).

8) Same as No. Ü). fl] Same as No. G).

10) + FReoeRiavs o D o 6 o

IMPI o eLGO DOOR Ij; Same as #10).

Rf. coat of arms as before (61 pieces).

Rf. +MONQTÄonOoMÄRaho

BRÄKDBRG To Köhne

No. 23. Rf. + MORTK o no o MÄROh o

BRÄRDBRG Too bold

No. 36. Rf. +MONQTÄonOoMÄRaho

BRÄnOBRG

Rf +MonaTÄonooMÄRaho

BRÄnOBCR'KöhneNo.31.

Rf. +NoneTÄonooMÄRaho

BRÄRDBOR' Köhne No. 35. Rf +MONQTÄonOoMÄRCho

BRÄRDBOR To Köhne

No. 32. Rf. +MOMQTÄonOoMÄRCho

BRÄKDBOR' Köhne

No. 32.

II. llBzstltto Hnelberg.

t. Type: Cross with 3 coats of arms RF. Adler (1 floor).

Shamrock.

12) +FRID9RlaVS = D9I = B/ + GROSSVS • HOWS = GRÄ' SEÄROh' mVaLBarG'ISZaKOHne

No. 54.

2. Typo«: Cross with 3 coats of arms Sf. Eagle (10 pieces),

and star.

13) + FR9D9RiaVS • D9I = Rf. Stern GROSSVS-nOWSo GRÄ' • SBÄRO' 11ÄV9LB9'

14) + FRIDaRiaVS D ß = Rf. Stern GROSSVS=nOWS» SEÄRO' BRÄ' Ii7SVaLB9R09' Kühne

No. 57.

15) + FRID9RlaVS . D » e » Rf star OROSSVS«nOVVS« aZTSROl' llÄV9LBgRG' Zu Köhne

No. 65.

16) + FRIOaRIGVS • D • G . RF star eROSSVS«nOWS=

sEÄRor iinv9LBarRga'

17) + FRIDaRIGVS = D ■ G • Rf. Stern GROSSVS« KOWS" SOÄRatl' hKVaLB9RG' Köhne

No. 56.

3. Type: Eagle Shield.

Rf. VierfeldigeB coat of arms (10 pieces).

18) Star FRIDal'G' ■ D : G» Rf * GROSSVS = HOWS <

inpai' • aLaoTO' hÄvaLsaRG'

19) + FR9D6RiaVS ■ D • G • fi/. + GROSSVS - nOWS ■ IMPI' . 9LaaT0R hAB9LB0R6

20) +» Same as No. 19).

Rf. +* Same as No. 19) the applicants. To KOhue No. 69 after Henckel No. 130.

Ütir Munzfand from Prankfurt a. 0.

129

III. Rathenow Mint.

1. Type: Adlcrechild.

Rf. Vierfeldigea coat of arms (23 pieces).

21) + FRQDQliaVS » D <> 6 » Rf. +* M0n8TÄ » nOWS » IMPI o QLQQTOR ' MÄRQioROTGRTSW Köhne

No. 73.

22) +» FReoeRiQVs -0:6 Ä/ +* MonGTÄ » nows o

IMPI QLSQTOR

23; +* Same as No. 22).

MTlRCh o hOTer/ÄV Zu Köhne No. 67.

Rf. +» MonaTÄ o nows »

FAIRY TALE ROTÖRAV Above the shield is on this piece just a roast chen without ribbon.

2. T^^ms: Eagle shield.

24) + FReoeRiavs o D « 6

IMPIoQLQaTOR

25) + FReoeRiavs o Do 6 »

IMPI ÖLÖOTO

26) +« FReoeRiavs » o » o »

IMPI o eLQaTR

27 +FRe06RICVS » D o Q IMPI o QLQaTOR

28 + FReoeRiavs o d » g »

IMPI o QLSaTOR

29 ♦»FReoeRiavsoOoGo

IMPI o GLQaTR

30^ +* FReoeRiavs o o ^ 6 "

IMPI o GLGOTO

31, +

Same as #30.

Z«t«MhTift for NnmisniMik. VIII.

RF. Cross with 4 coats of arms. (3U pieces).

Rf. + MoneTÄ o novÄ »

MARCH o ROTENÄ Za Köhne No. 86.

Rf + MoneTÄ o novÄ »

MRRCh o ROTenAV Zu Saurma No. 51.

Rf. + Same as Rf from No. 25).

lif. + MonsTÄ o novÄ o

■ MARCH o R0TQ7ÄW Zn Köhne No. 40.

Rf. +» Same as Rf. from No. 27).

lif + MoneTÄ o novÄ »

MARCH o ROTenÄW Zu Köhne No. 48.

Ri: + MonsTÄ o novA »

MARCH o ROTCKÄW Zu Köhne No. 79-81.

///•. + MonGTÄ o nows o

MARCH o ROTENÄW

9

130 fr. ßardt,

lY. Königsberg headquarters.

Type: Eagle Shield. RF. Cross with 4 coats of arms.

(5 pieces).

wi) +*FReDeRiavsoDo6o i?/-. +NoneTÄonooFARHO

IMPI o GLQOTOR KOmCSBQR^ To Köhne

No. 100.

33) + ^ FReoeRiavs o d o g o ä/ + morgtäo no o märciio

IMPI o QLaaTCR ROmGSBGl Zu Köhne

No. 102.

34) +*FReDeRiaVSoDo6o Ä/. +MONETAeonOoFAIRYCHo QLGQTOR RingGSBGRG

35) +* Same as No. 34. Ä/ ....OnQTÄonOoMÄRCho

o RingGSBQRG

This find has a completely new dime coin from Friedrich. after not delivered. Differing, however, is Groschen No. 18, which is only found in two copies, and not only through the changed mint mark and the ringlets instead of the usual usual roses, but especially through the very special thical stamp cut from the well-known stamps of the Havelsberg type differs. r deviations from already Known transcriptions have provided the numbers 2, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 22, 24, 25, 27, 29, 30, 32 and 33, essentially new ones Readings Nos. 7, 13, 16, 18, 19, 23, 26, 28, 31, 34 and 35; in particular is the enrichment of the so rare Königsberg Thank you for adding 2 completely new readings.

For the chronology of the Friedrichs* groschen and the solution the question, which is still not entirely decided, whether not also Friedrich l. ours has a share in the penny Unfortunately nothing new was found, not even in the relationship, whether the embossing with the cross and the 4 coats of arms in his Winkeln or those with the four-field coat of arms are the older ones. The former undoubtedly have a more ancient appearance, especially those from the Brandenburg and Havelberg mints Nos. 3 and 13. This speaks against their older age

The coin find from Frankfurt a. 0. tSt

but the fact that, while the few big ones Albert Aehilles' show the type with the coat of arms, whose Successors take up the cross type and only this one. But their simultaneity is proven by the Mttnz sign + *, which refers to the Havelberger, Rathenower and Königs- Berger groschen, namely on both types of Rathenower Mints, the Havelberg groschen with the coat of arms and the Königsberger Kreuzgroschen. This is supreme probably the mark of the mint master Michael Hemelporte, who minted groschen at the mint in Havelberg since 1464, in 1466 received the order to produce groschen and in Rathenow to beat pennies and, since 1468, groschen in Königsberg, Penny and finch eyes coined ^) . Since the latter only pennies have the cross type, it almost seems as if this is the one younger would be, at least as far as the Havelberg and Mints are concerned Rathenow arrives. In Brandenburg, on the other hand, the character is different with the four-field coat of arms the younger one, as can be seen from this pretends that of these the find contains the most specimens, namely lich 61, contains. In any case, it proves so much that l) both types were in circulation at the same time, while the same mint mark on the groschen of the three coins mentioned places this character certainly assigned to Frederick II, under which chem the same personality is documented in those three places M Unzmeister appears.

As far as the burial time of our coins is concerned, ncn they because of the two gold guilders of King Ladislaus, who The government took over in 1453, but not before this year earth, not even before 1468, since, as noted, This year in Königsberg Groschen was sent through Hemelporte coins are. From the city's history it can be seen that the Burning of the Guben suburb by the Hussites in 1431

1 ) KöKne, a. a. (). p. 207.

9*

£

]32 ^f-ßardt, The Munzfiind of Frankfurt a. 0.

cannot be considered an event that... Only he could have caused the treasure to be buried Leading an attack by Duke John of Sagan in 1471 made against the city. Of course, he only damaged the dam suburb and burned down the Oder bridge, while nothing came of it It is reported that he also moved to the left bank of the Oder, on which chem the Guben suburb is located, and from there the the city would have been overrun: however, the imminent danger of war may be the case Owners at least caused his, for the time to hide not insignificant reserves of money in the earth.

Ms. Bardt.

The coin discovery from Bonn.

1879.

In the excavations of the Provincial Museum it was found Bonn in a place where the foundations of the building were built in 1673 The demolished early medieval monastery Dietki rawen in the underground remains of the Roman castrum reached in, in addition to the remains of a small linen bag, about 140 Coins of the XI century century. Although I already found this in issue LXVI, p. 104 of the yearbooks of the Association of Age- Thumsfreunde in the Kheinlande described, I agree It's necessary to discuss it again because I'm with that one first work, what is relevant for the time in question Work by Dannenberg [The German coins of Saxony and Frankish imperial times] did not exist, and even more so as the find, in addition to the local, also a general numerical matic meaning cannot be entirely denied. —

There, as with most such cases, a few pieces were scattered, my description is limited to those 1 25 coins (6 of which are halves cut in ancient times), which came into the possession of the Provincial Museum, and on some specimens from my collection, which were sold at the same opportunity were found.

With a few exceptions, all coins come from the find from the Cologne mint and we find:

Anno II. 1057 - 75

Hiltolf 1075-79

134 F. van Vleuteii,

Sigewia 1079-89.

;?' Herman III 1089-99. Of the other coins, 6 are from Adolf III. from mountain; one is beaten in Dortmund. In the following description D. indicates the number in Dannenberg's work, which means conveniently the same for text and illustration, CT. means Cappe's text number and CA. Cappe's figure number; the The number in brackets indicates the number of the coin in the Bonn Provinzial Museum as a sub-department of No. 2002, which includes the entire find.

1. Anno IL

1. (6). Av. ..NNO AR E*C. Bust of the Archbishop

with crook. Bv. . . . AGO S COL church gable

on the top a cross, on both sides a corner tower; the whole thing surrounded by a wall. The two low- The first points of the gable triangle are connected by a horizontal line under which the letters PET . . .

The representation of the Bv. is very reminiscent of the one on D. 401, CA. 105 by liiltolf, only you have to replace the three small circles, the horizontal line mentioned above and the book set rods. The coin is much less reminiscent of the building on D. 396, where the transcription is also very different is. (With us imago St. Goloniae or -never to be found- complete.)

2. There is a very similar example in my collection- plar: Av, ANNO AR Bust with crook, above

three points on the left shoulder. Bv CLO

The same building without the letters PET...

Since a point is visible in front of CLO, and this woil only after half the tree the entire transcription begins, so is here too probably imago St. Goloniae or like here erroneously adding Cloniae.

By coin fuud from Bonn. 135

3. (7.) Ad, anno A...PC. Bust with crook, above

the 1st shoulder a steru. Eo. SAN NIA (saneta Co-

lonia) three-towered church with a wall very similar to the Representation on the Mv. the coin D. 407, C.A. 1 18. of Sigewin.

A second example of this coin (8th) has Av. ANNO

lEPC and Bv, ... TA COL

So here we have 3 completely new types from Anno IL, which are not just variants in any of Dannenberg's numbers can be classified. —

4. (1.) Ad. . . .NO. . . . CHI. . . . Bust portrait with crook. Jiv. IMA. . . LOM IE. Three-towered church building, in which the letters PETR.

Apart from the incorrectly applied letter M in the i?t\ transcription this coin matches the D. 398. CT. 264, C.A. 101. match.

Another example of the same coin (3rd) has N correctly for M in Colonie while another (2nd) as JId. Transcription

IMG LOMIE has; So A has completely failed here

and the position of N and M has been completely swapped, whereby the first letter is also turned upside down became. In any case, that's the end of the reverse transcription IE as D. gives it in the text 8. 170 states (the E is missing on the D. Illustration on plate. iljy during Cappe's ending on /C would be discarded.

Another variety of the same coin (4th) has above the 1. Shoulder a cross and above it a star. 6 more Later copies of the same coin (5) are usually worse received.

5. D. 399 is also in poor condition 9); However, in our example the end of the obverse Transcription clearly lEC with omission of the -P. So how C.A. 102, CT. 265.

] 36 **• ^'*" VIeuten,

Two other coins from Anno II. (10th) are so bad received that a description would not be reliable enough.

2. Hiltolf.

4

Corresponding to the shorter duration of government, the Coins from Hiltolf are the rarest in the finds. The provincial The museum only has 3 of them; another copy is located on the screen in my collection.

1. (11.) . . ILTOLFVS ... RC .... S. Bust of the bishop in the r. Hand the staff, over the first shoulder a cross. Ilo. . . . ANCT. . . OLONIA. Church with gable and 2 doors men surrounded by a wall. D. 401 describes the same Coin, only the Bonn specimens have the cross on them the church a little larger; On the other hand, the door is with this one just like the following coin of D. Illustration is completely the same and not tapered like CA. 105.

With a variety of this coin that is in my collection the obverse has erroneously H . LTOLEVS . . . EPS. Bv. SAN CT A COLON ...

2nd (12th) Ad. ...ILDELINVS A...EPS Bust portrait with staff turned to the left. liv. . . . AGO S COLO chest picture of the h. Peter under a portal; on both sides of the small central tower PET — RVS.

The other example (13) of the same coin has the Av.

HILD.... Cl. Bf, NE (in conclusion), from whom

Words PETRVS only ETR . .

These last two coins complement each other in a pleasing way the only broken specimen published to date as known D. 402 and CA. 106 taken from the same source have. The slight doubt that D. S. 171 has about the correctness Determination of this coin stimulates more than it expresses

The coin discovery from Bonn. ]37

de/1 The find discussed today will certainly be fully appreciated,

although the very different spelling of the name always will remain conspicuous, t—

3. Sigewin.

1. (14) Av VVINVS Bust with crook. Rev.

. . . GO S COLON . . Bust portrait of H. Peter under one Portal, on both sides of the central turret PET — RVS; like D. 404, CA. 117; However, in our example the The apostle's head is slightly larger. —

2. (15.) SIGEVVI . . . Bust portrait with crook. RV NCTA

COLO . . . A building with five columns; in section one Garlande. This coin is equal to D. 405; however with the decoration attached to D. 406.

Another example of the same coin (17th) has Av, . . IGEV .... Rp. ... NC COLONIA.

3. (IG.) .^ü. S .... V ... . Bust portrait. Rev. . . . CTA COLONIA. The same five-columned building; in place of our garland No. 2 occurs here but CCCC.

Since the number 400 can hardly be accepted here, so the conclusion expressed by D. S. 172 is that These decorations are intended to indicate the waves of the Rhine, one high probability, because those fit this explanation Characters very excellent.

A second copy of the same coin (18th;, reads the Ao. SIG. . . R. . . .

Since these coins otherwise only have the name of the bishop without title, the R is not in its place here, in- which one can only think of ARCHIE-P, wofttr but there would be no space.

1 38 F. ▼i^n VIeuten.

Considering that 5 varieties of the last coin, D. 405 nnd 405 a as well as our numbers 2 and 3, all of the same type and have the same romanizations (insignificant differences) denities settled): so fair objections arise against this correct reading of the coin D. 406, which the same without- only from the less reliable source CA. 119 taken has. Shouldn't this also have the inscription on the reverse: SANCTA COLON! A?

4th (20th) Av. S. . . V. . N. . . Bust portrait with staff and book above a bar; in the section ..IVS . (PI VS). i?f?. ...DOVVIC... Cross, 4 points in the corners. D. 410. CT. 341 and 342.

In a second copy, the Av is: . . IG. . VI. . CHE*C. and the Ev. . St. . V. GV . . . IMP. The writing in the section of Av, is not visible. In this motto the transcription of the Av is somewhat different. more detailed than D. 410.

5th (21st) Av. SIGEVVIN^ ARK«. (H and E not included) hanging together.) Bust portrait with crook. Bv. S+AINCTA COLON AI. Three-towered church building, the representation no matter D. 407. The provincial government owns this coin Museum 39 copies.

6. (22.) Av, SIGVVIN' ARCHEPS. Bv. S + AINCTA CO- LONA. The representation is exactly the same as our No. 5, so with D. 407 and CA. 118 completely consistent.

The Provincial Museum has 3 copies.

7. (23.) Three other copies have the same representations; but they are those compiled from the three copies Inscriptions: Av, SIGEVVIN ARCHE^S. Bv, AINCTA COLON A. R. S. The S is undoubtedly the beginning again from SAINCTA; For the R I first turned to Remagen

The MüuzfuDd of Bonn. ]39

as a place of origin, but this is contradicted by the assumption that (let Ucniageu was still imperial at that time (see D. page Vi 78 uuteu). Unfortunately, Cappe's p. 7(5 would also be without it Aiigai)e message brought to the source should be noted: “He Sigcwin gave the coin to the provost of the Kees district. right there.” 'M further specimens of the Provincial Muscum from Sigewin have the same representations as our numbers 5, 6 and 7, however the legend is too blurry to see which one belongs to designated number they belong to').

4. Hermann 111. ?;

Already in the above-mentioned place in the yearbooks I pointed out this part of my collection, which also the representations of our numbers ;'>, 6 and 7 by Sigewin shows but the transcriptions undergo multiple changes have. The newly added letters, which are superficial viewed completely pointless, if you look at them grouped in a somewhat violent manner something dubious H for M happens, the name Heii- mannus. For the sake of clarity, I put the two Transcriptions between each other.

Ar. Sigewin SIGEWIN^ARCHE^S

my copy of SIONNM A the penultimate book rods M or H. I& Sigewin AINCTA COLONAIS my copy IflBCTA COLOHVS

I ) Mr. Prof. nirUngfr in llonn, “I use the thaA spelling Sainrta Anrin(>rl(<*am ni.i( hu% sees in this the he

1 40 F. van Vleuteii,

If you now arrange the letters of the new legends in sequence-

masses:

SlONNMA.IflSCTA COLOHVS

7.8.5.0. 4.3.2. 1.9.10.

80 gives the name Herimannus. Herman III was after- follow Sigewins. The books that do not belong to the new inscription rods simply remained in their old place; all- However, an O has taken the place of (j, for which the Explanation is missing. That the change only comes from an unknown sent stamp cutter also proves already the letters ERI backwards. I'm far away from this, as already noted above, being a bold reading reliably, the same can only be found in one place here. until a better solution is found.

(27.) The six half coins in the find all belong to Cologne mint ^n, one is from Anno IL, 4 from Sigewin, the archbishop is doubtful about the last. Everyone is in Antiquity only cut sharply right in the middle divided through; the cut surfaces are completely in the same way Oxide covered, like the coins themselves. -D. 372 a enters similarly divided piece.)

It seems reasonable to assume that these coins are short after the minting period were cut through to a smaller size coin than the denarius, which was very valuable at the time. This view, which is also expressed by Dannenberg p. 35 will have a lot of probability, because I have often asked me the question as to the complete lack of Separate coin at that time when silver had a much higher value Value than now, traffic was even possible. For By the time of the Merovingians, this question had long been decided, which is generally assumed to still be in the country Roman copper money was used as a separate coin. This assumption was confirmed by the excavations,

The coin discovery from tions. 141

which the Bonn Provincial Museum in Meckenbeim im In the summer of 1879, Hess was in a ditch in addition to jewelry that dates back to the VI. century on belong, a bag with copper coins from the Valen- Tinians I was found. But one can hardly assume that at the end of the 20th century there was still Roman copper money was in circulation, and so it was very obvious that there was a shortage of it To remedy the separation coin by cutting up the denarii. —

5. Coins not struck in Cologne.

1. (24 and 25.) Adolfin. Count of Berg 1093 - 1133. ^r. ADOL FVS E MOI». Hand between 2 stars. Rv, IMAGO S COLON IE. Head of the h. Peter under a portal, too both sides of the central tower PET — RVS. D. 425; However, the legend PETRVS cuts across our coins not as deeply into the transcription as in the illustration Dannenberg's table 18 is the case. This coin is available in 6 copies (one of the Av, ADOL FVS ...O.E. For determining the time in which the little treasure was buried or hidden, these pieces are quite ready significant difficulties. Even if we are in the disfigured Denar Sigewins really a Hermann III. see, must In any case, we place this coin in the very first days of this bishop, So put it in the year 1090 at the latest, which may also be missing Hermann's other coins speak. But now that Adolf III. only came to government in 1093, then the very one would be here strange case exists that the coins are more distant County of Berg in front of the older state coin of the nearby Cologne would have been in traffic in Bonn.

In determining this coin, Dannenberg follows the previous gange Grote's (MUnzstudicn VII. S. iS, ; the latter sees in Av.

142 F- "^»n Vleuten,

the same a closeness of the Bv. the D. No. 414 from Her- man in. and in the Ru. a copy of the Ec. the No. 402 of Hittolf. If we now assume that the coin did not belong to Adolf III. ^ but to be attributed to his predecessor Adolf II 1068 - 1090 be, the RV offers. no worries, because Hiltolf was from 1075 - 1079 Bishop of Cologne. The hand on the Av. can Adolf was as likely to follow a model from Trier as from Cologne. have taken; e.g. Dannenberg's No. 471 by Poppo 1016 - 1047. It even stood to reason that the Counts of Berg gave their coins such types that had the same type in both Trier and Cologne made circulation easier. This would be but all the difficulties of determining the time of our find lifted. Of course Adolf III would then, despite his long ßgovernment period of 40 years, not represented numismatically, a circumstance which must be taken into account, and which one Mr. L.-R. Dannenberg, to whom I share my opinion on this had communicated the point in a letter, particularly in his answer toned. Hopefully there will be more finds about these too Bring clarity to the dispute! But you decide for Adolf IL, the year 1Ö89 or 1090 would be the burial date time to accept.

2. A coin from Dortmund (26.) Av. T NE. Crowned

Bust portrait with lance or dagger. Hv, VVI.O.... Cross and four points D. 766. Köhne puts this coin in the years 1077-80 (M6m. St. P6tersb. IH, p. 417); a time- determined which, thanks to our discovery, is very likely ality wins. Nine other coins from the find were lost due to poor quality Preservation cannot be determined in more detail, but there appear to be seven to be beaten in Cologne, while only two (28th) others Mints come from.

Let's look at the result of our investigation like this find us:

The MQnzfand from Bonn.

143

Anno II 17 pieces

Hiltolf 4

Sigewin 84

Hermann III (?j .... 1

Half pieces

Adolf IL or III. from mountain 6

Dortmund 1

The rest indeterminable; and will the reader agree with nn's tt? true when we emphasize that the material is for Cologne Mtnz history, the time under discussion, is united by this find has received very encouraging growth.

Bonn.

F. van VIeuten.

Silver medallion of Gordian the Third.

The area rich in Roman coin finds 8o von Bonn also asked for a lot of things in the past year Stttck delivered, from which I received a silver or rather, Billon medallion from Gordian the Third should be particularly highlighted mfichle. The same thing was said to have happened in the summer of 1879 a stand in the Rhine village below Bonn on the Rhine. faoden, and surpasses the well-known silver medallions of the Kai sers both in Orössc and in the beauty of the obverse representation.

. IMP GORDIANVS PIVS FELIX AVG. Laured Bust of the emperor turned left. The other one lightly looped and fastened to two wide straps th Aegis bare shoulders are with a part of the back visible through the Kaieer's left shoulder forward and to the left side of the coin is shown pushed. On the Aegis is the Oorgone really clearly visible. Above the left switch a spear sticks out.

F. van Vleuten, silver medallion of Gordian^ the Third. l45

Rv, AEQ VITAS AVGVSTI. The three coin goddesses are standing, each holding a scale and a cornucopia. The middle has its head facing forward, while the Both side figures are shown standing to the left. Left at the feet of each (reddess, as usual). Metal hemp. Cohen's Mint has three different silver medallions of Gordian III, two of whom appear in Fröhner's »Les medal- lons de Tempire romain« p. 190 are shown. Just not that pictured, which Cohen VII p. 246 No. 1 is the property of Described to Mr. Hoffmann shows the same position Lapel figures like ours. But all three have as an averse the emperor's head looking to the right, roughly in execution the better large ores of Gordian. Also in terms of size the newly found medallion exceeds the one described by Cohen because it is completely Gr. 10 of Cohen's coin knife covers, while the largest one known to Cohen is only 9V2 ^^' is given.

The lapel is one of the most common of the Roman medallion representations and you encounter him when leafing through the Fröhner's work to the point of boredom; nevertheless, there is a A closer look is often not uninteresting because of this Reverse precisely because it goes from Commodus (Fr. p. 132) to to Crispus (Fr. p. 293) was in almost continuous use, The art style of the different eras is particularly suitable for this to compare; Of course, fnan must not overlook the fact that some better old models were used. Here one is almost tempted to see it as ironic when they Emperor, under whom the Roman coinage conditions were the worst- suffered the most setbacks, especially this lapel most often apply, I only refer to Gaul.

Bonn. . ... .

F. van Vleuten.

Z«tUehrift fttr VamiimAtik. VIII. 10

necrologist.

Henry Cohen.

In May the curator at the Mint Museum died in Paris National Library, Henry Cohen, a distinguished and highly deserving representative of numismatic science. Allbe- His work is known for its care and accuracy major works on Roman coins (Description . . des monnaies de la republiqne etc. Paris 1857, and Description . . des monnaies frapp6es sous Tempire romain etc. 1859 — 68, seven Volumes), the indispensable tools of all scholars and Collector. Several good catalogs are also from Cohen's hand, e.g. B. the directory of the famous Gr6au collection, Greeks and Romans. Cohen was a versatile artist scientifically educated man: musician, naturalist, artist historian and bibliographer. Before his appointment to the Parisians Collection he was a professor of music at the Conservatorinm in Lille; In addition to his numismatic works, he wrote valuable full manuals for collectors of art objects and books from the Roccoco period. A.v. S.

A.D. Mordtniann.

Dr. Andr. David Mordtmann, born in Hamburg February 11, 1811, began his career as a private teacher; through ongoing private studies with oriental languages dare, he initially found a job at the Hamburg city

Kekrologd. i47

library, where he made the Oriental Catalog. As Hanseatic charge d'affaires in Constantinople (since 1846). he in the cabinets of Snbhi Pasdia^s, Bal^n Tecco's, Serope notice, GadalvSne rich opportunity to watch the fairs with Pehlvi- legends (Sassanids, Taberistanians and Mohammedan rulers) holder coins, which the old master of the Pehlvinumismatik, Jnstns Olshausen before his departure to the attention to the Orient. In 1853 (Zeitschr. d. D. M. 6. in Leipzig) his first treatise on these coins appeared, in which he gave the series of Sassanid kings complete and above all the legends on the left side of the Reverses for the abbreviation of the Prägorte explained: further follow- sluggishly took place in 1858 (XII of the D.M. G.) and 1864 in the 18th volume the D. M. G., which preferred the attacks of the Russians PehlvimUnz researchers Dorn and Bartholomäi on the mints theory rejected. The polemic finally came to an end in the treatise On the coins of Vischtachma Pirudz in the proceedings of the Royal Bavarian Academy (May 1, 1869). Further treatises “On the chronology of the Sassanids” Meeting reports of the royal court Bair. Acad. Jan. 7, 1871. Chronology of the oldest Muhammadan coins, session report. the royal Bair. Acad. Nov. 1871. — About a hitherto unknown variety Arsacid coins (the Kamnaskirids), Berl. Ztschr. f. Numis- matik 1875. — The Danischmende dynasty 1876, Ztschr. d. D.M.G. Vol. XXX p. 467). — Persepolitan coins, Beri. Ztschr. f. Numism. Vol. IV. 1876. — About the Persepolitan Coins (anti-criticism against Dr. Blau's "Pyraethen" in the numismatics matic document from Vienna 1877;.

During the last years of his life he worked with all his might strictness on the conclusion of his Sassanid numismatics: this- The same has just been published in the first issue of the D.M.G. published for 1880, the author no longer had the joy of writing the treatise

can be seen completely finished in print. She ends with one

10*

) 48 necrologist.

erdchUttefuden “moriturus te salutat” to Mr. Privy Councilor OIS-

hausen, to whom he kept the promise he made in 1845

fully redeemed. It can still be found in his estate

a work on the Pehlvi legends on the last Arsacids

coins, in which he has the coin with bX on the back of his head

Phrahates VI mentioned in Taberi. assigns.

Dr. M.

W. BentzDiann.

On May 31st the King died in Berlin at the age of 57.

Rendant of the Joachimsthalschen Gymnasium, W. Rentzmann,

long-time secretary of the Numismatic Society and

meritorious numismatic writer, especially on the

Area of medieval coinage. We owe him that

very useful »Numismatic Legend Lexicon of the Middle Ages

and modern times" (1865, alphabetical tables of the Munzherren

nnd list of saints named on the coins) and

the large one, which is extremely valuable for identifying coins

Kupferwerk: “Numismatic Legend Lexicon” (1876) along with the

the corresponding detailed and scientifically organized ones

Indices.

A.V.S.

M i s c e 1 1 e n.

One in the province of Posen - the place is not4; be- knows - silver discovery of almost 1800 grams is similar to the numerous earlier ones. As far as the circumstances allow equipped, I recorded the coins; but since it is almost nar are known, it would be unntttz to print the description; Whoever wants to see her, she is at his service.

This so-called Wendenpfennig is striking Carolingian monogram, without legible inscriptions.

This sharply defined, completely preserved fragment of the Extremely rare coin of Jaroslav Wladimiro Witsch, 1016 — 1054, was found. The inscriptions are: O rCUiPriO (im The first O should be the A of ayiog) ; on the downside IflPOCAäBAC CP6BPO (I and 2L in monogram) ,. and in outer circles 2LMHN. The church in Chaudoir is shown monnaies russes plates II 1 no. 3, and in the quarto volume of Berlin magazine ftlr MOnzkunde 1859—1861 plates A 1 and 2, and Plate VI A 2.

150 literature.

Among the German coins is one of the Widerold von Strassburg like Dannenberg No. 940, but around the Kaiserkopf clearly OTTO IMP (AV)G; and one of Hildesh«n gives way here from Dannenberg 710b in that it has :J^ in the field.

Among the Anglo-Saxons is an Ethelred with BOG A M — Oh Hl LTV, the name would otherwise mean Boiga; and a Knut with 03:C0D ON LINCOL, while otherwise 031 C VT is written ben will; another Knut has EDEJLHIN ON 3:VDC (South- wark}.

Here, too, there were a few cases where one was sanded down

Strange denarius, from Domitian.

J. Friedlaender.

Literature.

Codera, Francesco, Tratado de Numismartica Arabigo-Espanola. Madrid 1879. 8.

The primary purpose of this work is to Spanish coin collectors' understanding of Arabic coins to make things easier for their hometowns; but the author, professor of Arabs in Madrid; has provided him with a work whose Significance extends far beyond those practical, popular goals. His tratado is considered a critical review of what has happened so far to look at what has been achieved in this field and in a beneficial way He wisely shows himself to all hypotheses and everything unknown. averse to meadows.

After an introduction about writing and numbers of the Arabs, the author begins with the treatment of the Latin-Arabic Coins of Africa and Spain, of which now considerable Series are known, some with very barbarized legends.

Literature. 151

With the beautiful African solidas pieces with those üodera this department begins and whose form of expression he:

NoN est DeuS NISi VNaS CVi NVLLus ALIus SIMILIS

reads, the copies shown show, it seems to me, clearly borrowed CVNNSALI, so that the reading was probably CVi NoN eSt ALIus SIMILIS is preferable. On p. 51 describes the author. a coin from the Delgado collection, minted in Spain Years 92 = Indict. 12, which is in the middle of the creed 5 characters in which Queipo uses the Hebrew letters ^"^S^K wants to recognize. If it weren't out of the question, rich possibility that Jewish stamp cutters or coin makers masters would have immortalized themselves here in a similar way as on Polish medieval coins, Coderä is certainly right, if he rejects this interpretation. Also in the King. collection This coin is located in the lung, it is a thick solidus of Rotheni gold and raw factory. The legends are something like:

Edge: 2L^FRTIN2PII Center: ITI^CXII

Edge: IH^%NINI%2N2%22T2II2I Middle: Uli/T

It is nothing but a barbarized form of a type that also in that of Codera p. 42 discussed Unicum of the Kings. collection (year 9 [2] = Indict. 12] is available; instead of the »Hebrew- schen« word is clearly written on that 2TMILI2 like the one with two meaningless abbreviations.

In the last years of the first century of flight The Arabic influence then begins to emerge in Spain: There is now a dinar from the year 98 with bilingual legends. At the beginning of the second century we already find purely Arabic Some inscriptions on gold coins from H. 102 onwards are dated We know Kapfenntnzen from H. 108 and H. 110. But when did silver coinage begin in Spain? The older Spanish ones Dirhems are so rare that this one hasn't arrived yet

152 literature.

to answer question. Some coins that apparently... The first decade bears celular dates, comes from the letter form definitely only changes in the second half of the Jidirimt; So a dirhem in Madrid is hardly from H. 108 but probably vpn H. 180.

The factory of the oldest Spanish dirhems resembles how Codera correct. noticed, striking* that of the Umayyad costumes by Wasit; with that half a century later in Spain It has no resemblance to usual ones. As more or less You can now save the years 104, 110, 113, 114, 116, 117, 118, 121 and 124 apply. I can get to these from the Kön. Collection as completely undoubtedly add the Dirhem of H. 108.

Only the Spanish dirhems offer little interest

■

Umayyads; small changes in type, individual rare years Gaits are all that is noticeable about them. Extremely those minted towards the end of the third century are rare; The one from the year 281, which is only documented by Soret, is also there in the king Eabinet. Mannich are more wrinkled and historically more important first the coins of Abderrahman III again. To his big ones Dinars, which in the factory correspond to those of the eastern Muhammadani A small, pale gold coin belongs to the same countries the king Collection:

Vf, formula of faith and the name Oujb^ Sa'td, on the left

vertical line, like on African coins

this time. Band unreadable.

Bf, formula of faith and aJüt ^^^jJj y^ljJt en-Näsir lidin-

Allah

Jt iAa£ 'Abd-er Bahman

On the edge there is only half of the information about the place of minting, None of the familiar names seem to fit me.

The rounded letters are reminiscent of African coins; The coin was minted on the African coast, which yes since Abderrahman III. belonged to Spain?

I4tmtttr. 1 5a

The most important part of Arabic-Spaiiiflckeii Namkmatics but form the coins of the minor dynasties of the fifth Jabr- bnnderta Ar Flacht, to whom the third and fourth books of Dedicated to Codera's work. Here where the historical ones Sources are usually poor and confused, and probably completely missing. len, the details of the coins are of the highest value; but Unfortunately, the coins of this period are very rare and... Because of the few known examples of the bad metal preserved imperfectly.

Among the coins of the Hammudites I can add one dinar elQasim from the year 410, a prince from whom until now only silver was known.

Co4era only knows gold from the Abbadites of Seville coins; The fact that they also minted dirhems is proven by a billon coin of the king Cabinet that belongs to el Mu'tadid and in Year 439 is minted. The Vf. bears the name of Qägib Him 'Abbäd jLc ^ - v^-^i^L^I, probably an official like Is- mall (H. 439-448) and Mohammed (H. 450-456), the Bf, the name of the coiner (&UL — Jusa«!!) and the Gha-

lifen Hiseham (Ui^^ ^^1 o^^' j^' f*"^ i^^\

Of the rulers of Badajoz, whose history is complete is dark, the Berlin collection also has small gold Coins of El Mötawakkil without place and year. The ones with the name of Q&gib Megd-eddaula on the front Side, have the name of Mötawakkil and on the back two lines that are illegible to me and probably start with ^^1 or ^uii\ gin. The second type has el Mötawakkil on the front side, el Manaftr on the back; even small ones only on one I have silver mints of these princes embossed on the page.

From the dinar of the period depicted on plate XV n. 8 rides from Granada are located in the King. Collection two copies, the one important because it clearly shows the number ^^»^^»f» shows; The time of minting is therefore fixed at the years 350/9.

t

154 literature.

Aaf a llttnze il^fi Saleimän el MoBta*!n from Sara- Gossa, the author doubtfully reads the name ibn erRädi In our copy, the official appears to have the proper name Ju>t (/^ j^t Ab&'banl-Ahmed zn lead.

To the last sections of the excellent book, the

Coins of the Almoravfs and Almohads belonging to Alfonso VIII.

and the few who treat Beni Nasr of Granada is over

hardly add anything of importance to Berlin's treasures.

Among the incerts of the kings. Of course there are collections

several more Sttloke, which Codera's book also helps determine

No help is granted, but publication of this must be done without

Figure^ not well reproduced coins on another

Opportunity to stay prepared.

Adolf Erman.

Jac. Dirks: De Noord-Nederlandsche Gildepenningen, wetenschappel\jk en historical description en afgebeeld. Uet- gegeven door Teylers Tweede Genootschap. Haarlem, de Erven J. Bohn. l'Deel, 1878, p.467, 2* Deel, 1879, pp. 422 and 62. 8». In addition to an atlas size 8^ with 142 plates.

For years Mr. Dr. Dirks, in Leeuwarden, spe- cially concerned with studies of Dutch guild pennies. and to the earlier works of Van Orden, Meiju'sma, in the Revue beige there is a considerable range of supplements made known. The said question of price gave the learned Coin researchers gave rise to all of the previously known Seals, badges and medals of the guilds into one To put together a whole and historically, especially in relation to the representations of the same.

49 Dutch cities have guild seals, abbreviations, signs and medals known. They come from the seals oldest from the middle of the fourteenth century, namely some Utrecht ones, which are shown on plate CVII.

Literary. 155

The guilds were particularly numerous in Amsterdam rich. ^-^%r

On 4 pfennigs there are \^rzngsw^«p» d|[(|Mi||||p objects shown, which refer to the Htl4w®i'l>^ 4er guilds.

This is how the Maolür lead: Kelle HDC^Hammer, the ^mmerlente: Axe, drill, saw and and

As a wamnilg is on the pennies of Amsterdam Surgeons depicted death.

Cloth sellers, dealers in old clothes, Hesse themselves on the pennies in their shops surrounded by goods- form. ^

A historical account only appears once, viz on a silver diamond-shaped penny the brave Moritz from Nassau on horseback and on the back one from the Rhine canal through which the city of Leiden flows.

Saints are on the pennies by name, especially the Catholic ones Cities, not uncommon. They figure as the patron saints of the Guilds. The Savior e.g. B. as patron of the fruit traders Arnhem (Geldern), the escape to Aegjrpten on a guild metal sheets from the sailors of Hoorn and on pennies from the Amsterdam damer carpenters, preaching the Savior on the ship also on guild plates of the Hoorn boatmen.

St. Albert, Aubert, is the patron saint of bakers on Pfennigen

from 'Hertogenbosch and Maestricht.

St. Arnold protects the brewers at Maestricht,

Sta. Barbara the cutlers' guild in 'Gravenhage,

St. Bartholomew the butchers in Arnhem,

Sta. Gatharina of Alexandria - the dyers at Maestricht,

St. Christoph - the cloth soldiers in Arnhem.

St. Cosmus and St. Damian are patrons of surgeons

Pharmacist in Arnhem.

156 literary.

St. Grispin and St. Crispinian figure on the pennies of the Arnhem Taster.

The holy one. Bishop £ligiu8, captain of the good king Dagobert, protects the goldsmiths and blacksmiths in Arnhem, Groningen, Maestricht and Utrecht.

St. Francis is the patron of the clothing makers in Amhem.

The healing. Genofeva protects the Arnhem linen weavers.

St. Jacob of Compostella helps the innkeepers and trainers give to ^Gravenhaag,

St. Joseph - the carpenters of Amhem and Groningen.

The linen weavers and clothing sellers worship St. Martin S'Hertogenbusch and

St. Michael the local tailors.

St. Nicolaus the Wonderworker is the patron saint of the people of Arnhem Kramer.

St. Paul, in a basket, as seen by his students over the Let the wall of Damask escape is on silver sheets Ropemakers' Guild of Gouda depicted.

St. Peter comes as the patron of basket makers and boatmen to Horn and Amhem.

St. Severus helps the tailors at Maestricht.

St. Urban can be found on the gardeners' pennies Amhem,

St. Victor on those of the millers in Arnhem.

All of these saints are in full figure, often in something domestic baked form, depicted on the guild plates and medals.

The apple traders in Amsterdam Hesse on their guild depict Adam and Eve under the apple tree.

You can often find the city coat of arms on the guild pennies, the coats of arms of the elders, also guild coats of arms. The cake There are bakeries in Leeuwarden, we don't know which one Reason, a double-headed eagle was adopted as a coat of arms.

Literary. 157

In total there are more than a thousand seals, sheets and metals Dails of the guilds are known, which are usually donated as souvenirs were. There are a few of them where you have the opportunity to agree Artistic value to admire.

He is also well known in other areas of coin studies Mr. Author shows rare knowledge in the previous work and is interested in the history of his fatherland nice contribution. It would have been wonderful if they had second Teylersche Genootschap, which consists of more than a million ordered, a larger number of illustrations would have been donated.

B.V.K.

Gardner, Percy, The coins of Elis Numismatic Chronicle vol. XIX p. 221-273). London 1879.

Like the two monographs on the coinage system by Syracuse and the chronological sequence of the Sicilian monasteries is The present work on the Mtnz series of Elis also contains stood in the uninterrupted continuation of the catalogue Greek caps from the British Museum, and certainly the same to provide a more detailed justification for the two earlier writings for the arrangement which is followed in the catalog. — In the During the course of Peloponnesian history, the Eleans, un- respects the excellent position given to them by the property came from Elis, or rather just because of that occasionally intervened, and which as a whole is rightly affected meager yield, which is thereby for the history, the land Being able to gain a reputation also brings with it, that there are only a few in this regard for the mining industry in the landscape Find connection points. Down to the time of In the Aehaean League there are only two that can be followed with certainty. significant historical events reflected in the Elian capes can be recognized. First of all, the gold coinage of Pisa, in which E. Curtius during the prostitution of the Pisates and Arcadians

158 literature

TO Olympia, 364, coins minted; but then one au» didrachms, trioboles and Eupfermünzen Series from the reign of Aristotimus, who lived in 271 transitioning into Elis, he positioned himself as a ruler. The Relation of the latter coins to Aeristotimos is almost the same- in time with Gardener also given by Mnret in the Bulletin de Cor- respondance Hellönique lY, receives its actual justification but they through G. in the context in which he them with the subsequent rows. All the more weight This therefore applies to the arrangement of the Elian coins stylistic and artistic character of the coin images, which can be easily reproduced using the 6 collotype plates provided. is given, and according to this G. distinguishes up to the year 191 12 periods, then 3 more until the imperial period. The He begins the 2nd period with the ancient Didrach mon, which bears the inscription OAYMPIKON and from Cur- tlns on the amount paid by the lepreats to the sanctuary of Zeus tribute is paid; the third period (around 421 - 400). the series under Phidias' influence with the strict one Zeus head and the high style heads of Hera (inscription: HPA). In the 5th group (364 - 362) with the Pisat coins The didrachmon is presented with the freely banded head of Zeus and the female head, whose hair is made of sphendone is entwined (caption: OAYMPIA). The type of this Franenkopfes is limited to a very small number of Mttnzen, and can, although he works on didrachms, hemidrachms, Obolen and Hemiobolen are available, only in use for a very short time have been. Fttr Hera, which you can see in this head If you want to, the Sphendone would be very strange; points against it G. with full right to the head in the left corner of the West gable of the Zen temple local god, whose hair is completely wrapped up in the hood, and looks into it The head depicted on the coin is a local nymph Olympia;

Literatuf. 1 50

The name is more appealing because Olympia is in the Deed as wife of Pisos and daughter of Arkas the All- thom was known (Etjrm. Magn.), a genealogy which apparently owes its existence to the 104th Olympic Games celebration.

R.W.

In the first issue of the new local magazine Stndi e Documentation of history and direction p. 63ff. Plate II. III ver- C. L. Visconti publishes a square bar and a Tressis of the Vatican Collection. The former from unknown Location, but probably from the Capranesi collection touching, has the same emblems caduceus and trident as the well-known KtUcke in Mus. Kircher., in Florence and in Paris (Cohen Monn. d. 1. r^publ. pl. 73] and is, although from slightly lower weight 1614, oo large but probably also as Five pounds worth of money. The one in the area of ancient Sutri Tressis 881.oo gr. found is a unicum. His types: female head to r. with a helmet that looks like one Phrygian cap fashioned into the neck and head of a griffin expires; three lines as a value symbol, Rf, wheel with 6 spokes, Value symbols repeated - assign it to the wheel series, from which so far has only been known as Duepondius, As, Triens, Quadrans, Sextans knew. The types are the same as the Due- pondius and As. Visconti wants the head for the one who Roma, which seems worrying to me because at the time, Whoever belongs to this series, such a personification of Rome At least it's difficult to establish, but Minerva's head is is a very common type, cf. the speaker's commemorative publication: L^effigie di Roma p. 46 ff. became the home of the cycle series so far Ardea (Marchi and Tessieri) or Alba Fucentia (Mommsen) accepted ; However, since at the same time with the Tressis there is also a due- pondius of the same series was found at Sutri, it is Visconti's guess seems that the whole series of this city

160 literature.

I've listened to it, ala very noteworthy. Attached is one Thankful overview of the weights of all 23 pieces of the bathroom series owned by Yatican, including the weights of those four bars are put together. It works on the boards The greenish-gray color given to the bar is unpleasant.

Ad. Klügmann.

C*i

On Brandenburg coinage.

I

Inedita and discoveries of the last decades.

The Mark Brandenburg mining system has been around for a long time Time has set quite a few feathers in motion without us However, there is no complete military story, even if it is just that for one of the sections into which it naturally breaks down: the oldest or Bracteate and Denarius period, the middle or Groschen - period and modern times. After Ludwig and Seelaender, whose writings are only available today appear to be of little use, said the Berlin provost Rau *) as a collector of the oldest Brandenburg coins and earned significant merit through the 24 panels with images of his coins, which he gave us, but without text, left behind. Moehsen, who used it more often, wrote after him as an appreciatively cited learned doctor, in the second volume of his “Description of a Berlin Medal Collection” a “Ge- "Shift of sciences in the Mark Brandenburg", which in § 18 and 19 (pp. 228 - 256), § 40 (pp. 380 - 385) and § 57 (pp. 567 - 574) also from the monetary system, mainly in monetary terms from a historical perspective. Soon afterwards v. Arnim with his Brandenburg Thaler and Ducat Cabinet.

1) Kohne's ZelUchr. VI, p. 35. ZeitoehrungA fttr VamUmstlk. VIII. 11

/1

162 H. Dannenbergf

Modern times have, after a long pause, literature on this Areas nm enriched by two important contributions: Köhne's unfortunately “Letters about the (oldest) Brandenburg” that remained unfinished Mttnzgeschichte" (in his magazine, vol. in - VI], and Weidhas: »Brandenburg denarii, groschen and small Mttnzena. Both Admittedly, achievements of very different value, those letters the basics of the arrangement under performance and classification briefly indicating the most important characteristics, mentioning this book- valuable and useful only because of the mostly excellent images. dungs, while the text is not just in terms of its unworthy writing presents itself as completely worthless. Very It is regrettable that Vossberg is interested in continuing his excellent publication »The Seals of the Mark Brandenbui^a was prevented by death; the first, with Otto I. sent delivery, which appeared alone, contains him Well-known coins from this oldest period are all very faithful Representations. To these writings and to the magazines, namely the Köhnesche and Leitzmannsche and recently the Salletsche, as well as some works of general interest tion, e.g. B. the Monnaies en or and en argent, one has zn when you need information about the Brandenburg Mints zen is looking. It would be nice if he were so distracted rich material and that which is still unknown in many collection may rest, from a capable force to a one- would be processed as a unified whole. Until this wish materializes fulfilled, it is important that everyone builds some building blocks according to their abilities contributes to the proud building of the future. Accordingly I offer below is my mite through publication of the Inedita my collection, but I thought it would be useful to have them to combine with an overview of the more important pieces, which have been brought to us in the last few years since Köhne's work have; the collector and researcher will find it all the easier Orientals.

On Brandenbargiscfaen coinage. 163

Heinrich {Praybialaw), Prince of Heveller (f 1142?). 1) SV6IRNI(EH+) rider with flag and shield to the left, behind him a star. Rf. +(BRANjDBVRH Bust portrait of a clergyman with blessing rights and book, about the latter a star. (Plate lU, No. 1).

I already saw this interesting motto in Köhne's time - described in N.F. p. 335. Since then she has been pictured in Yossberg's cited book, Plate I, according to my two the copies where they are, however, what the inscription on the back page concerned, is not reproduced exactly, because the only ones known other 4 specimens (of the Schollehne find)

have: iS/! . . . . NW . . RF, VRH

Hf. . VaiRN...Rf. . . , BVRH

Hf SVa Rf BRH

HfS\[ H Ä/. . . . . BV. .

From this we obtain the complete inscriptions SVEIRNIBH + and BRANDBVRH, not twice Heinricus, as Vossberg said takes. The other longer known denarius (also, as before) standing egg half-bractate (see Köhne I, plate m, 11; Grote, Mzstud. I, plate lU, 1-5; Vossberg a.a.O. Plate I) has almost this same main page, the Heinricus also declining with correct posed letters, but the feet ride to the right On the back there is a building with the city name, whereas we probably see the bishop (Wiggerl 1138 - 60) in front of us ^j.

Jakza, around 1150. So far there have been 6 bracteates of this occurrence, among which an unwritten one, known in Köhne's journal. UI, p. 362 listed, in Rabe's writing: Jaczo von Gopnic etc. (Berlin 1856) but are shown. The latter font is by Grote, Mttnz- stud. I, p. 385), and that has little historical credibility. asked what we know about the originator of these coins.

1) A coin from him and his husband see in the addendum.

11*

164 ^' Duinenbeig,

compiled briefly and succinctly, as well as Rabe's wonderful book The opinion is shared that these coins are not in our neighboring city of Köpenik (2 miles east of Berlin), but in the Posen town of Kopnitz an der Obra (Reg.-B. Posen, district Bomst), namely from a Jakza that he had with the Dressed in castellan office, in the name of the Polish Duke - one View, the completeness of which is readily apparent to any Mtnz connoisseur. tending baselessness can only be put forward by a layman could and makes every word of refutation seem superfluous. Some of the Jakza bracteates close together very tightly to the Magdeburg <], yes the most common of them, the with the bust facing forward, holding the sword in the portal, is the most accurate imitation *^) of a Moritzpfennig (Köhne I, plate III, above). Also strong on a Magdeburger Artist points out the following, recently in a single Specimens that came to light:

2) lÄCZO De COPNI(NCD)eNKRII the prince with patriarch Cross and palm branch, sitting (vol. III, p. 255).

A compilation of images of all 7 bracteates I found Jakzas in the local magazine “Der Bär” 1879 No. 8 given ; the text designed for a wider readership is but only contains a brief presentation of the historical and numerical mathematical acquaintances. — About some who wrongly attributed to him For written stamps, see Otto I below.

Albrecht I, the Bear (1134-70). The recent past has been far better than for Jakza. The numismatic souvenir of this prince was taken care of. When Köhne wrote, he could only see one coin of the same one

1) That any of them correspond to the Polish representations, like I^itz- man (signpost p. 19) says, I can't find it; should go to Kohne here III, plate X, 4, in comparison with Stronczynski XIX, 26, this is correct not ZQ, as the latter coin is much younger.

2) or perhaps this Scs Maiiricius is a Cie mint of Jakzas, like v. Sallet (in, 258) conjectures.

To the Brandenbnri^sche Münzkande. 165

magnificent bracteates, which saw him standing next to his husband represents, describes, - because there are no denarii from him, as will be shown below; now we have two lucky finds no less than 4 new script bracteates ^) brought by him, namely:

3) +ÄDELBeRTVS + a\ÄRCHIO + ÄN[EHÄLDeNSI ge^ armored bare-headed bust in a cloak, in the R. a lily that L. raised. (Stenzel d. Bracteate find V. Freckleben. Plate I, 1.) 41 ÄDLTV Bust of the helmeted man with sword and flag reinforced margraves within a fortress, i.F. manifold multiple ornamentation (Stenzel a. a. 0. Plate I, 4).

5) OriÄRCHIO ÄLB6 the armed, sword and shield along with the margrave holding the flag, behind him one on each End of arch decorated with 2 towers (Köhne, N. F. Taf. IX, l).

6) MCO — ÄD Albrecht with sword and flag sits up an arch between 2 towers (Köhne, N.F. IX, 2).

Add the following minted in Halberstadt wonderful piece:

iya) +-Ä-b-6-L-B-RTV-S-a\K-RH-l-0- behind one The parapet has half-length portraits of Albrecht in armor with a sword and flag, and the bishop (Ulrich) with a blessing R. and bishop's staff (Stenzel a.a. 0. I, 17).

Otto I (1170 - 84). Vossberg has his coins, as far as was known at the time a. a. 0. Plate 3 compiled in illustrations; the denarius No. S but will probably be assigned to his son of the same name. However, one is missing among the 8 written bracteates at Vossberg the long-known ones: a) next to the one with sword and shield equipped images of the margrave in his cloak: OTTO - OTIÄRCHIO,

1) Another one, see the addendum.

166 H. Dannenberg,

and outside • BR7\!ND€B — VR0€NSIS (Ludwig p. 184) and b) similar, but outside: BRÄNCBBN — . . . NS OTIÄRT, inside H TO — OTTO (Ludwig 163) ; c) OTTO OIÄRCHIO Otto with Sword and shield with flag (El. f. Mzkde I, plate IV, 62). On the other hand, among the Vossbergs, the following two are considered to be to highlight modern-day covers:

7) OTTO - '^^ Otto with sword and on the ground placed shields between a church and a castle towers (Vossberg No. 3; Num. Zeit«. 1868. p. 45).

8^ OriÄRCßRÄV— e OTTO the margrave in armor with Flag and shield (Vossberg No. 10, Sallet III, p. 259).

The oldest coin with a German inscription (see Vienna num magazine II,. p. 524). Also worth noting are the books bars, just like those on the Halberstadt coin mentioned his father (No. 6 a), on a second bracteate of the bishop Ulrich (Stenzei a.a. 0. Plate I, 20) and, if I'm not mistaken, also on the bracteates of Abbot Wilhelm von Helmstädt (Seeländer II, 16), namely punctured.

The following piece has also recently been published:

9) OTTO - OnÄRQHIS the Margrave, head uncovered, in a coat, with a sword and a flag (Num. Zeit. 1868 p. 46).

The latest achievement is: 10) In front of a wall reinforced with two towers sits the helmeted and armored margrave, with cloak hanging around his neck, Holding sword and flag, next to him OT - TO, outside FIRE — BVRGeNSIS (Plate HI, No. 10).

There are still 2 worth mentioning in the local K. Museum. Findable bracteates a) with OTTO...HIO-Ä and armed Margraves with flag and shield, b) NOMP — ÄPCRIVO between 2 towers the margrave in a cloak with a sword and Flag, as well as c, d) 2 bracteates of a very related factory (Plate VI, No. 10c and lOrf), which shows the standing margrave,

On Brandenburg coins. 167

sometimes with a sword and a shield propped on the ground, a star his right hand, the other time with sword and flag between two buildings, show. They have it because of the inscription, namely the second ( • ICIOPNC . . — IIPÄPCRIVO), attributed to Jakza want, but the inscription is distorted, like that of the first coin (VIOIC • NOPID • — NCÄPC . . VCV) . And there the factory is so complete points to Otto I, we will probably forego the pleasure must, through questionable interpretation, expand the circle of numismatic to expand the monuments of the semi-mythical Slavic prince.

To compensate for the new discoveries, one has how from V. Graba's essay on the bracteate discovery from Bömenzien H. 4 note 2 can be seen, another bracteate, the von Mader (II. Experiment, plate III, 55) published with OTTO — BRÄND6BVR6 and a church building, withdrawn as wrong want; But I would like to warn you that you are mader Connoisseurship should not be underestimated; I would like, if, for example, there is no longer an eighth copy to be found should, rather, assume that Madersche's fate is like that many others perished or no longer exist verifiable coin. Otto II 1184 - 1205.

Köhne could only find 5 of this margrave in writing secured coins (bractates), all from the Daelie find cite (Köhne I, plate XII). Three others to describe sat the Kathauer find in the stand (see M6m. St. P6t. VI, plate. XVIII, 40 - 42). This treasure is very popular in recent years significantly increased by the discoveries near Seelensdorf (near Brandenburg, s.Bl. f. MzfrdeS.428) and in Boemencia (see its Description in the XIXth century Annual report d. Altmark. business V. 1879); some of the former are also in this magazine. Vol. IV, 261 ab- formed and explained, among them in particular the extremely important, on which the eagle shield appears for the first time. you can I add the following:

168 H* Dannenbeig,

11) OTTO - OriÄRCIO- the armed margrave with Sword and flag, to his left a little girl on a bow. (Plate in, No. 11.)

12) OTTOM— ARIC06T Otto in helmet and ringed armor, the long sword placed with the point on the ground, in the L. the flag with a long pennant. (Plate III, No. 12.)

Of particularly beautiful drawing. The €T is used for this otherwise usual CST (see Köhne, N.F. p. 293 and Sallet IV, p. 262) stand. — According to HH’s assurance. This motto was the heritage stone in the Brak- teat finds; then it could easily be from Otto I.

13) OOTTO - OÄRCIO between 2 towers of the Margrave with sword and lance and shield. (Plate III, No. 13).

It is understandably very difficult to find the coins of the same name Rulers who follow each other without interruption, to but, in In general, however, in the present case one will use the larger, more beautiful than its predecessor, the smaller and less artistic may be appropriated to the successor; just an artistic one, not one Material deterioration, as Köhne believes, took place under Otto II. That it is a mistake when Köhne requires a reduction of the Mttnzfuss as one of his first government acts draws (K. in, p. 368), prove, to be brief, the following Weighing safer, i.e. h. Bracteates designated by name: Albrecht the Bäj 0.70 - 0.90gr. and 0.86 1), Otto n 0.63 gr., 0.89 gr.; 0.86 gr. and 0.89 - 0.97 gr. 2), 0.97 gr., 0.77 - l,oi gr., 0.87 - 1.055 gr. and 0.80 - 1.01 gr 3). How is it completely true? These figures are accompanied by Otto's famous denarius (Köhne I, plate Xn, 1. Weidhas plate II; 2. Vossberg Taf. UI, 8. Mzstudien III, Taf. IX, 52) with its 0.54 gr.? About him and his imitations This is the place to say something. All writers, which

1) according to Stenzel, Freckleben.

2) according to Holmboe-Grote, Daelie.

3) after v. Graba, Bomenzlen.

Tsar Bnndenlrargischen Münzkande. 169

Holmboe, Eöhne and Grote have dealt with him directed him to Brandenburg and to Otto I, Grote of course by giving his predecessor Köhne responsibility for the Distribution of the coins of the Daelie find in question, between the two Ottonians. And that's all there is to it unmentioned concurrent Margrave Otto von Meissen (1156 - 90) cannot be thought of, that would now be possible without it Further information is clear, because there are even some from that area no denarius, while the great relatives of our denarius with a Pomeranian from Kasimir and Bogislaw (see mine Pomerania Plate I, 1) secured his place in the March. The Daelie find, which was buried after 1192^), allows an attribution to both Otto I and Otto II; solely based on what I I will explain below about the denarii of Albrecht II, I think more likely for the younger Otto is present. From this +OTTO MÄRIIOV, who until now While it still seems to be Unicus, we know some of them very little occurring imitations (see page f. Mzkde III, p. 270, plate. VI, 119). They include the following two:

14) +-BINDVISeHSIS helmeted bust with lily and Sword. Bf. Instead of the inscription the Bnchstab X in Repeat 15 times, with dots in between. In Felde three-towered building, next to the middle tower 2 ringlets. — 0.49 gr.

15) Likewise, but only + . . NDVISENSIS readable. RF. The I only repeated 13 times, and instead of the ringlet next to it Middle tower 2 stars. — 0.51 gr. (Plate III, No. 15.)

These don't seem to me to be replicas in the sense that There is no prospect of attempting to interpret their transcriptions should offer success. First notice that two different

1) If in the Mzstud. III, 8. 251 as the latest date of this find The year 1177 is set, so the denarii of Gerhard v. Osnabrück (1192 — 1216) and Ludolfs v. Magdeburg (1192-1205) married.

170 H- Dannenber^f

Both stamps have the same inscription, which already proves to be approximately correct through the conclusion GNSIS can be seen straight away. Now if we follow natural laws of the inscription degenerations, such as those in the eye and the Hand of a stamp cutter who does not know how to read or write had to design, the confusion of the similar characters S and 6, which can be proven so often, allow if we furthermore the replacement of a letter as difficult as that R is, by admitting it as probable by the simple I, so we win:

BRNDVR6ENSIS

for our BINDVISENSIS , and that BRNDVR6eNSIS

Nobody will probably call it a slightly shortened BRAND€BVR 06NSIS object, even less so than the artist, — because as such he reveals himself in the clean drawing of the What is depicted - the D of the one that was available to him for reproduction ing BRAND6BVR6eNSIS can easily be combined with the similar B change and thus lead to the omission of the syllable EB (or ENB). could last long. We have, if this is my guess is correct, two coins of the same mint, one with OTTO MARIIVO, the other with BRANDEBVR6ENSIS, according to according to the bracteate, which is also consistent in the illustration Pairs, one of which (above No. 8) OIÄRCGRÄVE OTTO, the other (Mader IL Vers. IV, 70) has BRANDEBVR0ENS.

Albert II, 1186-1220, alone since 1205.

16) NÄRCHIOIS - ENDÄLE the margrave with a girdle Swords, in the R. the flag, the shield, above which a lily emerges, slung over the left shoulder. (v. Graba, Bömenzien plate litt, c.) (plate m, no. 16.) In V. Graba, who first brought this coin, the deduction is formation of a slightly different stamp (with

NRRCHIOI — SENDÄLE) is not entirely true to the style, so one Repetition after my beautiful copy is not inappropriate

To the BrandenbttTgiBchen MOnzkande. ]7|

brought seemed. On the rare occurrence of the nmgtrotted Sword on bracteates has already been done by Mr. v. Graba pointed out. By the way, he includes the Otto II coin; I thought it was mentioned the Stendal mint, which is located on most denarii his brother Albrecht finds the latter speaking more airily. Certainty will be difficult to achieve. By the way, know we are certain ^) only one bracteate Albrecht U, the recently published.

17) ÄLBGR Albrecht in helmet and armor, with shouldered Sword, holding flag and shield in the L. Oew. 0.89 gr. (V. Sallet IV, p. 265).

18) oÄLBERTVSoBRÄno the Margrave with 2 flags. nf, + TtLBRGTVS BRÄH wide, at every angle a cross decorated with stars. 0.84 gr. (Plate IH, No. 18.)

The question of which Albrecht referred to with this name neten denarii, 4 in number (Weidhas Taf. I. 17 - 20), to whom the one previously thought joins as the fifth, to be awarded are not one of the easiest to answer, but it seems but not insoluble. Köhne has the 4 denarii largest, with the one standing, carrying the sword and flag Margraves, letter Adler, and the inscription Albertus Brau both sides (Rau XXII, 4, Weidhas I, 17), the bear, the the rest, namely 2 with Stendal and the seated margrave or his bust portrait (see Plate III, Nos. 18a and 18i), as well as the one with LDCRT 3) next to the standing one holding 2 flags tenden Margraves, RF, Adler (Weidhas I, 20) to his grandson Albrecht 11 settled after he initially also addressed this

1) apart from the not detailed level with ALBGRTVS OITIRCHIO, which Köhne in the note. to No. 106, rich people! Vol. IV mentioned.

2) not ALBERT C, as it says in Köhne III, 373 No. 4, although

daa LBCRT certainly, like the CRHÄROVS for BERnARDVS, AVRI CIVS for OIÄVRICIVS, KLRT for KLBQIT, elliptical for ÄL BERT stands.

172 H-Dannenberg,

Albrecht I had pointed out. Objection to this divorce has not yet been raised, because Weidhas all these Those who bring up coins under Albrecht I don't want to say anything. And In fact, at first glance at least Köhne's Mei- There's a lot for yourself: his Albertus Bran with the eagle is something slimmer and larger than the others, and according to general Principles you might want to be entitled to him, and therefore the above should also be considered older. Meanwhile, the strongest people rise up against his opinion numismatic and especially heraldic concerns. In In the former relationship, the fact that We from the east of our fatherland have no Albrecht the Bear Contemporaneous denarii have: Magdeburg under Eonrad I (1134 - 42) the last two-sided, already semi-bracteate-like Coins, and very similar to those mentioned above, which the Heveller had Przybislaw beaten in Brandenburg; also in Ualberstadt was influenced by his contemporaries Ulrich and Gero only half-bractates, while Pomerania probably still existed at that time had no coins of his own, at least not two-sided ones. The Denarii from the Lttneburg find (sheet f. Mzkde III, plate VI). It's not entirely possible to determine chronologically with certainty, but it is certainly possible also younger than Albrecht the Bear and after 1180 appropriate, where such coins also appeared in Pomerania and In Saxony, Duke Bernhard made a similar impression (from Posem, Sachs. Mz. XLVI, 16, Berl. Sheet III, plate 39 nos. 11 and 12), which partly with those of the Halberstadt bishop Eonrad (1201 - 1209) show kinship and also together with them are found. But it is also of utmost importance that neither Albrecht I himself nor his son Otto I *) on theirs Seals, where you can find it sooner than on the coins should wait, had the eagle, and even Otto II had the same

1) apart from the obviously incorrect one in Vossbeig, plate III, 2.

On Brandenbnrgitebeii coinage. 173

not immediately, but only at the beginning of the 13th century on his fourth seal (Vossberg a. a. 0. 8. 9) . This reason was also decisive for Vossberg, nm the ged. Denarius with the eagle not anter Albrecht the Bears accept coins, which he therefore accepts after consultation and in agreement with me, only attributes bracteates. And That seems quite reasonable to me for the reasons given - acceptable, indeed only permissible, especially since all bracteates are AI-

•

Brecht I and Otto I, which with their large area provided sufficient space for the representation of the eagle, miss and. never show the shield other than covered, soon with an anchor cross, similar to Albrecht I and Otto I Seal, soon with a slanting bar or several crossbars which should not be viewed as coats of arms ^) . If but neither the seals nor the numerous large and beautiful bracteates, which were Albrecht II's father and grandfather beaten, have to show the eagle, with what right We then want denarii with this coat of arms, the bear allocate? So we have to say: all denarii the name of Albrecht, not just that of the Bünstorf find, because of what was said after Vol. VII, 386 of this magazine there can no longer be any doubt, belong to the younger Princes, and the factory differences of the various species are sufficiently explained by his long reign and his extensive land holdings; Furthermore, these sub- The difference is in no way greater than that between the denarii Duke Bernhard (Berl. Bl. III, Pl. 39 No. 11 and 12], or between the bracteates of Albrecht the Bear, or between the individual bracteates Jakzas, or even between the half-bracs Teaten Ulrich von Halberstadt and his more beautiful bracteates or its grimacing bracteates at Leukfeld plate II, 21

1) like this already Vossberi? loc. cit. p. 9; and«ra K6hne III, 8. 367.

174 H. Dannenberg,

and the flberans beautiful ibid. I, 8 n. s. w. So then The eagle first appeared as a coinage under the reign of Otto II ' and Albrecht n on, under that on bracteates, under this one on denarii, d. h. on the coin genres that each of them preferably shaped. So I think we can do another one Dare to take a step further and set up the sentence that the first Denarii in the Mark under the brothers Otto II, Al- Brecht II and Heinrich were defeated before them but only bracteates were in use.

Heinrich, Count of Gardelegen, 1184 - 1192. So far we knew 3 documents from this prince, namely 2 bracteates and a denarius, not obol, as at Eöhne IH, p. 371 says, in 2 varieties (0.75 gr. and 0.80 gr.), the latter first described in detail and illustrated in the often drawn grave ashes treatise. You can go to them as It is almost certain that this corresponds exactly to that of the denarii. the following bracteates from the find of Add plants:

19] Between the Euppel towers of a walled-in A key lying above him in a closed building a blessing hand. 0.54 - 0.67 gr. (see 0. No. 7). On the other hand, you have to give our Heinrich, according to what I said when discussing the Bünstorf find, vol. VII, p. 388 d. Ztschr. I have carried out the silent denarii Weidhas H, 11 and 12, which Köhne promises him, deny; one becomes these imprints hardly in the XH. Century can move up, namely also because this is on some denarii Family (Weidhas II, No. 7, 10, 14, 16 - 18) already the eagle appears.

Johann I (1220-66) or TL (1266-1282). ' 20) Eagle between 2 towers, instead of the inscription dots. Ef, cross with a ringlet at each end, in which

On BrandenburgiBchen coinage. 175

one (or two?) angles the forepart of an eagle,

in the other (or just two?) corners of the Brandenburg

bui^ical helmet. 0.51 gr. (Plate III, No. 20.)

The sole, therefore very uncertain, factor for division

This denarius, unfortunately very worn down, is in the same

Finds >), to whom I owe it, no safe Brandenburgers

Coins were those of John I (with a half-length portrait and QlÄRQhlO

lOhmiVLeZ , Eöhne lU , plate X, 1 4) and by Johann H (with

QROSSa and standing margrave (Köhne IV, plate II, 13),

apart from the following bracteate Albrecht III (No. 21).

By the way, he seems to be the same as Rau XXIV, 10.

Conrad 1266-1304.

Whether he goes to Mzstud. I, plate 29 no. 8 depicted and attributed there to Eonrad 11 (1266 - 77) from Magdeburg Bracteate is not rather Brandenburg, would like to consider be. The transliteration QVNRÄDVS fits equally well Margraves as for the archbishop, the factory can be at the territorial situation of both sides' possessions cannot be decided. which, by the way, does not agree with those known so far Magdeburg as Brandenburg coins, and the coin design can, as it seems to me after my beautiful copy, just as probably the margrave in his usual hair decoration, as the saint. Moritz will be in the nimbus. The decision will be made further depend on happy discoveries.

Albert III, 1267 - 1300.

21) Head of the Margrave, under the same 7C.

(Plate III, No. 21.)

Already described in Köhne IV, p. 50 and in the Reichei- schen Verz. IV, 175, but not yet shown.