Zeitschrift für Numismatik, vol. 7 — 1880

4. The no<*h hei Cohen cited nnvol (permanent MA--*- is probably oSMA"

5. Banduri errig Z sUtt 3[

6. Cohen Irrig uSMAS* sUtt uSMA"T*

1

CONSTANTIVS CHLORINEVS

»«

« *•*

*

"3

m

8

At. Leg.

adjunct. head

▼OB

Rev Leg.

u

2 ZV,

S3

M

Bachata tabs

Source

Oohen

yes

o

9

o

?!

•2 B

u B

294 1 I

O

1

1

t

2%

II

e

1

297

300

III

e

302i IV

e

3ü;>

V?

CONSTANTIVES NOB CAES

r.

CONSVL CAESS

stand, n. 1.

2 TS

Tanini

V. 14

i

30f)

V?

CONSTANTIVES P F AVO

r.

CONSVL AVGO NN

stand, n. 1.

12 •SM-SD-

Tanini

V. 13

*

30f>

v

CONSTANTIVES AVOVSTVS

r.

CONSVL V PP PROCOS

stand, n. 1.

uSMA3>

Paris -^>

V. 15

•>

31XJ

VI

1 1

The forerunners of the value OB on Roman gold coins.

271

At. Leg.

GALERIVS MAXIM

" "l - *

adjunct. $7

m -r ' 9 *• U

K.pf *•▼. Le». . a • •

of 5' p

1*M

IANVS

»

XX

*

"3

S

•

!

Bachata tabs

Source

Cohen

o

Li

3»!

•2114 1

i

e

!

■

sm;

•

1 i

1

'21»7, II

•

:hm> in

o

1 'Mü iv

e

:tn:i v?

MAXIMIANVS NOB CAES

r.

CONSVL CAESS

stand, n. 1.

2 TS

Paris ^> London.^*> Welzl

e e

v. 6

1

•H>:> vv

1

MAXIMIANVS NOB C

r.

CONSVL CAESS

stand, n. 1.

Vc""" ' Wiczay

1 • O • 1

! v. 5

i

.

1

:ju."i v?

IMP MAXIMIANVS P F AVO

r.

CONSVL AVG6 NN

stand, n. 1.

• sJ.” Like,,

•

♦2

305 B.C

i

i [

.UM» VI

MAXIMIANVS AVOVSTVS

r.

CONSVL VI PP PROCOS

uSM A^ *

London. ^F>

| 4

e

3

:uis

VII

•

GAL MAXIMIANVS AVO VII CONSS

r. with

pal. u.

sees)».

hand

IOVIS CONSER VATOR AVOG

Yep. n. 1. stand.

•SM SD

i

Vienna ♦

e

1

Mnlt. 31.35

hole so hon

SEVERVS and MAXENTIVS

No Consalatsdattning in Gold known.

LICINIVS senior

ti i

ti i

M I

II I

LICINIVS (they) P F AVG

LICINNIVS P F AVG

LICINNIVS AVGVSTVS

LICINIVS (they) P F AVO

r.

r.

r.

r.

CONSVL DD NN

CONSVL P P PROCONSVL

CONSVL I PP PROCOS

CONSVL PP PROCONSVL

Emperor fttch. n. 1.

Qatar ."U-h. n. 1.

»*

12 •SM-TS.

uSMA^E«

oSMA2 •

IS II?

^

ANT

Vienna lloffman

Rolli» Paris

Rollin

Amecourt

VI. 6

VI. 7

e

VI. 7

;>

Rev. is analogous to Chlorus Coh. V. 6 erroneous without a book r Consider this piece as a parallel to Chlom's

1. Wirray erroneously j in the field instead of 3 »Practicing in Brit. Museum.

'2. Cohen No. 16 at Herculcns with Z erig instead I decided for Galerius.

A The following speaks for the allocation of this VI consulate with oSMAT * to Galerius the moon only with Cons. VII begins, however, with Herc. In the VI (with Diocl. in the VII) consulate the double star still flies; There is also a certain cons from Chloms. V, therefore yes also from Galer. a cons. VI from the following year can appear on coins.

4. Cohen incorrectly placed j instead of j and foaling 3 points in Illoffmann's copy.

.'». Cohen mistakenly uSMA lying Ho instead of uSMA"^»

272 Dr* A. MiMong,

This is how Antioch shaped 290 SM?

in the year 290

»>

>»

SMA 293 SMA

293 until.

299

#

SMA SMA

l SMA

M

299

SMA

*

and since the year 303 "SMA IE *

As proof that IL has the number symbol for 60 (on a pound) was, the fact that the same thing was on the Denio of Diocletian Coh. V. 1, which is set at 60 feet gene, does not occur. We only went to the simple Aureis 60 (IU) to a pound. With ten times the aureus, 2 would be yes It would have been absurd since 6 of them went to one pound.

Also in the Trinio of Diocletian Coh. V. 1 with SMA is missing 2 of course.

Likewise, 3 is missing from the Senio of Galerius in the VIIth Con- sulate from the Vienna Cabinet. All Aurei with *SM-SD* have 3, the Senio doesn't have it right now.

More coins, more accurate descriptions and unlimited Accessibility of all cabins, even more light.

These so often decried coins should not be underestimated. letters for the chronology, and even some Galerius will have to climb out of the grave that has been in existence for several hundred years Herculeus Schoos and have to make new beds with his real one Contemporaries Chlorus. So the calculation is the Rule-De-Tri made and the last unknown x is a 2.

It's touching to see what happens with this letter was read out in most cases. The Greek small £

The forerunners of the value number OB on Roman gold coins. 273

Nowadays it usually comes printed as a large letter as Z. —

On the Roman coins of this time the small £ slightly enlarged and with pulled upper and lower leg represented JL, which now often flowed together or were the middle lines were more compressed, and there you saw different eyes that saw well: Z (lying M),

1 (lying H), Z (Zeta),

2 (indefinable letter, often used by Cohen), Z (major sigma),

H (new form of JL) ; other people who couldn't read at all or who were poorly preserved Wanted to describe coins completely, as the author of Wiczay Catalogs, read B instead of 2E. All of these letters are now JL (also cited once or twice by Cohen) and have

I also rectified them accordingly. Pieces, whereupon an e Jer*

bM5D

SMSD SMAZ SMTS U * S ' W ' ex ' 8 ^ rt ' have lc ^ noc ^ n * e £ e ~

found and no one will find them either. But why so? quickly after O the Z?

Of course, we don't know exactly when O began. To that first year of Diocletian's reign because of the AVG a G at the end of the two legends for the O stamps I think it's a bit too early to think about it, although it has a lot to offer would have, since no Herculeus with O has yet been discovered. Or was perhaps the first years of Diocletian's reign each of the both governments so dualistic and selfish about their victories to celebrate alone? or was it Diocletian because of his victories in the Orient? So when was the boundary between O and H? About around 286. O was after Diocletian's victory and Z certainly caught 290 in the fourth consulate, if not the coin with FATIS

274 I>r. A. MiMong,

VICTRICIBVS «jj^Ä was already minted before this year; In any case, O was only coined temporarily, at the beginning to create a normality that was incomparable to the Courant of the time. drove similarly, but was valved.

But that didn't seem to serve Diocletian: as he did wanted to fix the silver denarius at l/w of the pound and has fixed it, So the old gold sixties seemed desirable to him. And He has done it and as said above, at least already in the year 290.

For those times when strong will alone often did the trick had to be subordinated to circumstances, Diocleticn has it achieved to see that this foot is at least above the the duration of his reign.

The weights, which will be discussed later, are excellent for this. But before I go to the second table after May 1, 1058 (305) I'll pass on a few more comments, particularly about which ones Coins from the Cohen'sche Maximia collective collection nus and in the sense of the coin letters to the Gale- rius would be allocated. In Alexandria there is but one Multiple from Diocletian, without symbols in ALE, only from Dio- cletian and Herculeus collateral pieces with the * — which no longer occurs later. Hence the Alexandrian with the * will probably belong to Herculeus. From the Caesars Ghlorus and Galerius appear to have minted nothing in Alexandria.

r

to be the one. — On the other hand, Maximianus Augustus belongs with et~c-

probably, as already said above, in that later period after 305, where Severus B, Daza A (and Chlorus perhaps the still unknown A) hit.

From Antioch I have already given the order of changes changes listed.

And all after 305 have except one dubious one SMA (at Daza Augustus) and one that is probably defective

J

The forerunners of the value number OB on Roman gold coins. 275

SMAjE (in Yaleria) always before these four letters Moon and behind the star.

All coins with SHA2 but without a moon must therefore to be assigned to Hercoleus. I think from Nicomedia that Maximianus Augustus with SHN and the monogram NC also NC LXC) decided in favor of Galerius Augustus. Come on with Diocletian and the two Caesars Ghlorus and Galerius no NC available. On the other hand, in all those immediately after 305 reigning Caesars and Augustans.

From Thessalonica the Sigle -^s appears only in Diocletian

with the Jovi lapel, with Herculeus with the Herculi lapel and with the two Caesars Ghlorus and Galerius with CONS CAESS

and then I also have a defective ^-"^ from Ghlorus

Tanini adds, which is in direct parallel with the same Reverse stood at Galerius.

This T-S* hears at least 305 with the appointment of the two Caesars to Augustus and the election of two new Caesars

on. — From then on, no more stamps with T 7<^ >, but always

♦SM* TS* with retention of the 3l . Therefore probably all maxi mianus with Augustus and T*S* definitely assigned to Herculeus

hear and against Maxiraianus Augustus with # c M ;-r"^; Galerius

is. There further from Serdica by Diocletian, then Chlorus and

No _., ;r are known to Galerius as Caesars, so it says

•SM*SD*

to speculate that only since at least 305 in Serdica, which It only seemed to shape things intermittently and often which had already ceased to be minted before Diocletian, was minted again

was - hence the Maximianus Augustus with 7014.0^ dem

to be assigned to Galerius. With SC (Siscia, Cycicus or Antiochia before the reform) all Maximianus are attributed to Herculeus.

.*

276 Dr - A. MiMong,

len, as there are no coins of the Caesars of Chlorn with this symbol nnd Galeriu8 and none of the later emperors are known, with SC anch nr was minted before the form, at a time (292), where the two Caesars had not yet been appointed. At The other mints can be found in the continued existence of the same Mttnzbnchletter after 305 in the letters no criteria for the safe distribution of coins to Hercu- lens or Galerius.

Before the transition to Table B after May 1, 1058 (305) it is perhaps not adapting, a little synchronistic collaboration position of the imperial governments at that time immediately before To give table B.

See synchronistic compilation pages 278 and 279, as well

Table B pages 280 and 281.

A decomposition of table B, in which according to the Regnla false by Cohen, Galerius as Augustus is completely missing whose coins will only be included in this table in the later discussion must be constructed into them, follows the system of analysis of the earlier table A

1) the SM (sacra moneta) in the mints:

Antioch SMA Nicomedia SMN Thessalonica SM«TS # Serdica -SM -SD-

Aquileia SMAQ and Tarraco SMT

The forerunners of the Werthiahl OB **f Roman gold coins. 277

t) The oonstant P (Fereussa) where no S, T, Q etc. before-

comes, says PR Percussa Romae

PK. "Carthaginian

PT, , Tarracone

PTR., Treviris

The PROM had already ceased completely during this period

3) The city names. —

AUE Alexandria.

A Antioch, which city set the tone at that time Prae before ALE and AQ had to sign only with A.

N Nicomedia, perhaps with the same quasi-prerogatives signed with N, and also because no other mint city started with N.

*TS* Thessalonica only in connection during this time with SM

•SD* Serdica later SER

SIS Siscia.

AQ Aquileia.

R Roma.

OST Ostia, bloss aus der Zeit des Maxentius und Romulus (which almost only Italy owned) and the collateral Period of Magnus and Licinius known

T Tarraco in PT and SMT, where also the Maxentius Coined temporarily by Constantinus Magnus was probably just tolerated (a significant one Wave to the T in, which has so far often been viewed as questionable PT and SMT). At this T under Maxentius on Thinking about TIBVR (Tivoli) doesn't fit at all yes with PT and SMT from all emperors of that time Gold is present, which is certainly hardly so had created a mint near Rome, like It was Maxentius in Ostia, perhaps only temporarily Not that.

Zeitschrift für Kamlamattk. VIT. 19

278

Dr. A. Missong,

Synchronistic Zmammatrilnng

V$1 V« f

-Vi since

-*/7 1

since*/ 7 }

1. Half 1

2. Hip f

1st half)

2nd half)

037 038 039 040 041 042 043 044 045 046 047 048 049 050 051 052 053 054 055 056 057

058 059 060

061

062 063 064 065 066 067 068 069

070 071

284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304

305 306 307

308

309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316

317 318

Colltermle

Dioc. A

Dioc. A

Dioc. A

Dioc. A

Dioc. A

Dioc. A

Dloe. A

Dioc. A

Dioc. A

Dioc. A

Dioc. A

Dioc. A

Dioc. A

Dioc. A

Dioc. A

Dioc. A

Dioc. A

Dioc. A

Dioc. A

Dioc. A

Dioc. A

Dioc. A

i Dioc.

{ " {

Herc. C ?

Herc. A

Herc. A

Herc. A

Herc. A

Herc. A

Herc. A

Herc. A

Herc. A

Herc. A

Herc. A

Herc. A

Herc. A

Herc. A

Herc. A

Herc. A

Herc. A

Herc. A

Herc. A

Herc. A

Herc. A

Herc. A

Herc. A

Herc. A

Herc. A

Herc. A

Lic. II. C

Lic. II. C

Out Caraus Caraus Caraus Caraus Caraus Caraus AUect. AUect. Allect. AUect.

Crisp. C Crisp. C

Chlorine. C Chlorine. C Chlorine. C Chlorine. C Chlorine. C Chlorine. C Chlorine. C Chlorine. C Chlorine. C Chlorine. C Chlorine. C Chlorine. C Chlor. C Chlorine. C Chlorine. A Chlorine. A

Constanti DQS II. C

Constanti nus H.C

Gal. C Gel. C Gal. C Gal. C Gel. C Gal. C Gal. C Gal. C Gal. C Gal. C Gal. C Gal. C Gal. C Gal. Gal.

GaL A| Gal. AI Gal. A Gal. Gal. A Gal. Gal. A GaL A Gal. A

I.C1 L A|

L A| 1. AI I.AI l. A| LA] 1. AI

1) With C «= Caesar, with FA = fllius Aagustorum, with A ■= Augustas.

The forerunners of the value number OB on Roman gold coins.

279

of the imperial governments at the time.

Regents 1 )*

{ {

| Sever.

{ e.g

SeTer. C Sever. C Sever. A Sever. A

Daza C Daza C Daza C Daza C Daza FA Daza FA Daza A Daza A Daza A Daza A Daza A Daza A

Const. C

Const. C

Const. FA

Const. FA

Const. A

Const. A

Const. A

Const. A

Const. A

Const. A

Const. A

Const. A

Const. A

Const. A

Const. A

Maxent. C Maxent. C Maxent. A Maxent. A Maxent. A Maxent. A Maxent. A Maxent. A Maxent. A

Licin. Licin. Licin. Licin. Lioin. Licin. Licin. Licin. Licin. Licin. Licin.

I I

A A

I.A I.A

I I

A A

I.A

I.A

I.A

I.A

I.A

Licin. I.A

Licin. I.A

Alex. A

Valens C

19*

280

Dr. A. Miiaong,

coin site

Chlenu all

Angustus

Valette Gfttaria

Berenu II. Caesar

Kazüninus

Daaa

Caesar

Xagnui Caesar

BeveruII. To".

Alexandria

l

i

b ALE

Antioch

«-'SMAX.

?SMA2?

«-»SMAX*

Nicomedia

(NC) SMN

SMN

(NCLXC) SMN

SMN

(NC) SMN

SMN

(NC)

SMN

(NCLXC)

SMN

(NC) SMN

(NC SMN

Thessalonica

i*

iX

|X

X|

X|

|X

Serdica

•SM-SD-

•SM-SD-

•SM-SD-

•SM-SD-

X

•SM-SD-

•SM-SD*

•SM-SD-

Siscia | SIS

SIS

SIS

Aquileia

AQ

AQ SMAQ

AQ SMAQ

SMAQ

Roma

PR j

i

PR

*

PR

X

1

PR 1 )

Ostia

Tarraco

PT SMT

SMT

Carthage J

Lugdunum |

1 1

LVG

Trier

TR PTR

TR PTR

TR

•

TR

1) Note at the end of the essay.

The forerunners of the value number OB on Roman gold coins. 281

Xagirot fil. Ang.

Daza Aug.

.2C •

• . o

1 1

■

•3 •&

Iiainina Aug.

3

Xagnui Aug.

A

ALE

SMA? •"»SMAX.

i

■ i

1 i

^SMAX*

f

VSMA2»

SMN

SMN

SMN

*l

1*

|3

1*

•SM'TS«

•SM TS«

•SM'TS«

•SM-TS«

1 1

SIS

SIS

i 1

t

1 1

t (

AQ

1 PR

i

PR PR*

PR

PR PR"

PR

POST

PT SMT

POSTj

1

l

POST.

POST

SMT

PT SMT

PK

PKj

1

1

1

PTR

TR PTR

TR PTR

282 Dr. A. MiMong,

K Carthage, since Maxentius had a lot with Carthage flirted with Carthage nr on such coins comes, where there is also a closer relationship to Carthage even from their inscription. And also through the coins of Alexander, who only owned Carthage sat and percussa Carthagine signed, is the German This K is proven.

LVG Lugdunum. Piece known only from Wiczay (LVG first appears in this abbreviation on Antoninianen of Carinus).

TR Trier as above in Table A.

4) Moon and star, as above as an addition from the mint Name if you wanted to vary.

5) Office letters B and A only for ALE.

6) The monogram NC as in table A also in ver- Binding with LXC only at the SMN mint.

7) A very isolated one on an aureus of Magnus coming Q and underneath 1 1 in the field with the section letters V SMA3* —

A sigle that, if not considered quarta officina should be read with the sub-officer designation II, today stands as completely isolated and without any parallel nor any other decipherment defies it. The piece in Brit. Museum is of the most impeccable preservation and Sharpness — ♦, the Q is certainly not an O and the II is not N , and both not next to each other as in Cohen, but

Q

each other in the field n. Finally

8) our old JL with the distorted facial physiognomy, which remains true to us up to the limits of this day belle B follows, - from then on at least us as 3> leaves. There is no longer an O-parallel here - that

The forerunners of the Werthzanl OB on Roman gold coins. 283

The seventies were over and the field of the sixties was broadened now extends from the east to the capital Roma from, because only under Herculeus with the nickname SEN and under Maxentius and Magnus as Caesar appears 2 also on coins minted in Rome! ).

A diagram with the Galerius rectifications attached is intended to illuminate the local and time boundaries of the 3E.

(See this diagram with the Galerius rectifications on page 234.)

The time limit of 3E is between the first minting jj^A

Q I

(290) and JI|L - 312 7 in which years Magnus also

the addition of the j*, which is still unwelcome today, appears. —

As far as the local boundaries are concerned, the X rules in Antioch through the entire Tetrarchy period, in Thessalonica as TS only up to 305 at the latest, and then again as SM 'TS' Magnus as fil. Aug. 307 or in this case better 308, Daza, Licinius and Magnus and Galerins as Augusten, but there too probably only belongs to his later years (end of 308). — while from the period directly from May 1, 1058 (305) to 308 es positive of Chlorus Augustus, Valeria, Severus as Caesar and Augustus, Daza Caesar and Magnus as Caesar are missing 2).

And it is precisely this era that is missing in Thessalonica that shows us

from all of these last six rulers the types

3E 8 ) from the Serdica mint $MSD * ^and from Galerins

1) A nice proof, Valeria's coins in gold from the time soon after 305.

2) Daza as fill. Ang. is still to be found in Oold. — Magnus as fill. Aug. only known from Banduri. Where now?

3) See the final note at the end of this essay.

284

Dr. A, BttMoag,

Sohama of the X with the GaXerina decisions.

Segrents

Antioch

Thessalonica

8erdica

Borna

without epithet

with and without <~J and *

T)ioßlßti&nii8 ....

2

SMA2

X

X/IvvlVVlHUUD ....

SMA

TS

Ffprnilftiis

“3L

SMA2

X

UCluUlvUO • « • •

SMA

TS

Chlorus Caesar. . .

SMA2

X

TS

(taIaiiiib Caea&r .

SMA^

X

1

•SM-SD-

VlnlVl 1 IAO VlWBHl ...

T-S«

ChloniB Augustus. .

- SMA2

not

Galerius Augustus (—311)

SMA3E

X

X

SM-TS •

•SM-SD-

SMA^

not

X

.SM-SD-

Severus Caesar. . .

SMA^

not

X

-SM-SD-

Daza Caesar....

SMA3[

not

X

•SM-SD*

Severus Augustus. .

SMA^

not

X

•SM-SD-

*

Magnus Caesar. . .

still missing

not

X

"^

• SM* SD*

pr n

Magnus fil. Aug. . .

still missing

X

no more

SM-TS •

Daza fil. Aug. . . .

still missing

still missing

no more

Daasa Augustus. . .

SMA3E

X

no more

SM. TS«

Licinius Augustus. .

SMA X

X

no more

SM-TS«

Q

Magnus Augustus. .

It

X

no more

SMAI,

SM-TS

not recognized

not recognized

not recognized

X

PR

Herculeus as a senior

not recognized

not recognized

not recognized

X

PR

1) Please see the final note at the end of this article.

The forerunners of the value number OB on Roman gold coins. 285

precisely from the first period of his Augustate. The probability It is obvious that the coin of Thessalonica is based on some time was moved or transferred to Serdica. Very far were these cities not different from each other, and also the similar ones abbreviation through the two consonants and the punctuation tiration in SM «TS* and -SM -SD- refer to kinship of these two mints. But why not do that everywhere? signed with 3E*? If only it were particularly necessary in the Orient and later also in Rome? Or did the orientated be signed in talic style in order to have it in the Occident Cours? Or took citizenship from the seat of government, Constantinople came closer and closer, only gradually after the 60's in the Occident one? Many questions still need to be asked. The weights, that are available for these signed sixties are completely correct. constantly. The Roman pound at 327.45 gr. assumed 1 ), er- The weight of the 60 is 5,457 grams.

While the weights for the earlier period were still fluctuating ken, since 290 there has been around the weight of everyone at 60 or NC labeled and unlabeled pieces constant correctly, but always a little less important than:

Diocletian Gonsul IUI Berlin — 5.41 beautifully preserved with

Remains of a handle IUI Vienna — 5.3 beautifully preserved IHI Vienna — 5.4 in beautiful condition

Hü Berlin j^a" 5.37 in good condition fatis victricibus Berlin $^A 5 21 & e l°cht

1) A very nice compilation of various older and newer numismatists have determined or at least assumed the weight of the Roman Pounds arises from the scripture: Notice sur des poids antiques, from M. Bretagne, Nancy 1876. — While in 1522 and 1728 still 382.42 gr. was considered the norm, 8 different calculations from the 18th century vary only between 321.24 and 334.63. There was already a way back then 327.93 gr.

\

286 I>r. A. Ifiesong,

Diocl. Consnl VII Berlin SMA3E * 5.30 not completely preserved

,, ,, VIII Vienna SIS 5.40 in nice condition

Jovi conservatori, Rollin SMN 5.35 in very nice condition

“ ,, ,, PR 5.40 nice

VOT XX SIC XXX Rollin 5.40 very nice

Herculens. PM TRP PP Vienna 5.4 very nice

Consul III Berlin 5.75 nice with the rest of one

Henkels

,, III Rollin 5.37 in nice condition

,, V Vienna SIS 4.85 is in much poorer condition

VII Vienna SIS 5.40 very nice

"VIII Berlin" SMA2* 5.30 in good condition

Virtns militnm Rollin PR 5.30 very nice

Herculi victori Rollin PR 5.03 not nice

Herculi debellatori “PROH 5.25 very nice

XX HAXIHIANI

AVG “ SHN 5.23 nice

Chlorus. Virtn's Angg. Rollin TR 5 43 very nice

Jovi (Quinar) Vienna 2.68 nice

NC

Galerius. Jovi conservatori Rollin $MN ^* 25 8C hon

,, ,, Vienna without monogr. 5.33 nice

,, ,, ,, ,, 5.27 nice

,, ,, ,, ,, 5.31 nice

Daza. Principi juvent. Rollin sm$D 5 * 34 8e ^ r 8C0Ön

1 1

“ Vienna $MSD 5 * 26 8e ^ r 8Cnön

NC Soli invicto Rollin j^N received 4.90 less

NC

",, ,, SHN 6 '08 with very strong. Hkl,

3E' Jovi conservatori ,, SM*TS* 5 ' 21 8C0Ön

,, ,, “ SM*TS* 5.3 ° **^* * c ^ n

The forerunners of the value of OB on Roman gold coins.

287

Severus Herculi Victori

»i

NC SMN

5.35 very nice

»i

»•

i»

Vienna SMN 5.43 fleur de coin

Licinins Consul pp etc. Rollin $MAI£* 525 8C ' lön

X ,, Jovi conservatori ,, SM*TS* 4.9 ° 8e ' ir sc^cht.

The few with handles or remnants of the same as over- important, and those poorly preserved are considered unsuitable, The weight of the 60 is very slightly lower everywhere. important.

Another sign that is still waiting to be resolved, is the monogram NC, partly alone, partly with LXC appears.

It appears according to the table below:

at Chloras Augustas

"Severus Caesar "Severus Augustas

1 1

Magnus Caesar

as a gem, which

make the wreath,

NC l la dem

Lapel legend

located

/ At the end of the lapel

"Data Caesar

"Galerius Augustas

Valeria

NC NC NC NC

NC

atoht

\

Transcription.

if

ii

»i

ii

ii

»»

i»

»i

«oh with NCLXC “?” de “i e . r .ff,

verse- To grind

Barb. Factory

it

>»

>i

ncLxc ncLxc ncLxc

»I

If

ff

Rome. Factory

Rome. Factory

Rome. Factory

nnd all of them with their heads lauded to the right (Valeria with garb), and all in the sections with SHN Nicomedia). The pieces known from this are:

288

Dr. A. Missong,

Chlorus Augustus CONSTANTIVS AVGVSTVS

Galerius Augustus MAXIMIANVS AVOVSTVS

Galerius Augustus

MAXIMfANVS AVOVSTVS? ? ?

Valeria GAL VALERIA AVG

Severus Caesar SEVERVS NOB CAES

Severus Augustus SEVERVS AVGVSTVS

SEVrVASCsio) AVGVSTVS

Daza Caesar

MAXIMINVS NOB

CAES

MAXIMINVS CAESAR

MAXIMINVS CAESAR

Magnus Caesar CONSTANTINVS CAESAR

RF

NC CONSTANTI AVG in Lor- beer wreath.

IOVI CO NSERV ATORI NC

iovi conservatori ncLxc

veneri victrici ncLxc

marti patri nc

HERCVLI VICTOR! NC SOL VNVICTO(sic) NctxC

SOLI INVICTO NC

SOLI INVICTO NC SOLI INVICTO Nct-XC

MARTI PATRI NC

Coh. V. 12 from Wicza\

Coh. V. 67 Vienna, Rollin

Coh. V. 68 from Mionnet

Coh. V. 2 Beger

Wr. Num. Time. 1669 marriage

Coh. Y. 12 Rollin Welzl No. 14464 barb. Manufacturer

Coh. VII. 1 Rollin

Coh. 6 Vienna, Rollin Coh. VI. 19 Paris

Coh. VI. 74 Vienna.

The coins with this monogram are minted in the short span of time from mid-305 to mid-307 at the longest, there neither from Daza nor Magnus as fil. Aug. and also later from There is no longer a lapel with NK on them. What the As far as the interpretation of it is concerned, the most thorough experts probably have it This coin era has so far tried in vain. I I would like to share the little that can be said about it here: add. Friedlaender's conception 1 ) of the LX would have with the now clear situation of Constant at that time

1) See in particular the most important essay on this by Mr. Dir. Yes). Friedlaender in this magazine, Vol. II: “About some mysterious letters on coins from the time of Diocletus.*

*■

The forerunners of the value number OB on Roman gold coins. 289

60 is a lot for me. — But just the L from the monogram and take it from the letter V above it Separating them may not seem advisable to me. An interpretation of L+V = 55 or L - V = 45 (to one pound) goes with it the weights are not together, even if L - V = 45 Half of the monogram following would be XC = C — X = 90.

Because one such Galerius NC (Rollin) weighed 5.25

Daza ( ,, ) with a very strong ear 6.08

., (n) not nice 4.80

Severus ( ,, ). 5.35

So it's a pound at 55, i.e. 5.95 gr. unthinkable. This weight is not reached, but V45 pounds would be fine 7.28 gr., soon the weight of the old quadruple Trent 1 ).

The weight of the NK series is perfect for the 60s. But what's with the NC and even with the other mono grams united? — Since all of these were also minted in Nicomedia are, then Mr. Dir. Friedlaender and I with him consider them, as designated with the Nicomedian Gold Sigle, for a species Nicomedia's tone-setting Courant, in such a way that he they appear to be pronounced according to the Nicomedes standard and let it circulate. — This would have been done with the future in mind CONOB has a lot going for it. — What the other symbols LXC

1) This weight would even be the weight of the two almost medallion-like ones Coins of Galerius with Maxfmianus caes. Rev. Head of Fortuna Vienna <4> heavily perforated 6.65 gr., and Rtv. Head of Sol, Coh. VII. 1 hamburger 6.53 gr. exceed the coins of Galerius, since 292 Caesar, after the introduction of the 60s (290) have to be minted, but do not fit into any system for the 60s. As quadruple Trents from the new 60 to 7.27, they are too underimportant. It was more likely that they could be used for li/j Aurei of the 70 coin standard at 7.02, if at that time at the earliest 292 gold was mined here and there on 70 feet of gold became. Herculeus, whose Caesarism is very much in question, is because of this very large imperial head that only appeared at a later date (and not in 285?). not to think. They are most likely pure donative coins, each with a reverse the head of a deity,' the Vienna coin even with one almost the entire flee the coin-taking Fortuna head; Gold for the dare.

290 Dr. A. Missong,

me at Valeria, Galerius and his straight from him as Caesar The proposed nephew Daza should mean cannot be determined — that precisely on the coins of these associations, so to speak, a family can find the multiple monogram det, would not be overlooked 1).

Albeit to so many special Nicomedia deities as: Jovi, Marti. Herculi and Yeneri Nicomedensi are commemorated The Niomedians will not have their own Sol have had. — Or maybe even the coins with more than multiple monograms on a Nicomedia Venus Victrix, one Nicomedean Jupiter and Sol as protectors of the 3 members It would be presumptuous to think of the Galerius family, although that is true the multiple monogram only occurs with these.

But then what is the point of the NK above as a gem on that Wreath in which the inscription X CONSTANTI AVG appears? With a bold thought it can be guessed. Yes another nod to that once-so-happy I who are Greek the monograms were not thought of, otherwise the L would not be included - They're not Latin either, otherwise what's the point of the K. It is a mixture. And as good as the V over L any Ending, an inflection of a word beginning with L can, just as well, a V can be attached to the first N as "<" be added - because the monogram NC does not have to be N K be, it can also be N < and with this quite well the Nicomedean 60 feet can be suggested.

A little more about this in Table C.

1) That also on a barb. Stamp of Se venia at Welzl the same more- simple monogram and well executed, has only the meaning for us, that the barbarians perhaps knew the value of this monogram and referred to theirs certainly transferred to coins of less fine quality; but the barb is there. Lapel at this Severus one borrowed from Daza.

The forerunners of the Wertbzmbl OB romitchen OoldmQnzen.

291

TabeUe C

Mlustttte

Licinini L

CoMtaattnu Ktgnu

ANT

As & INT

Antioch

ANT SMAN

*

SMAN

SMAN*

SMANA

SMAN6

Aquileia

•AQ«

Nicomedia

N SMNA SMNB SMNo SMNA SMN€

Theasalonica

SMTS

•SM'TS»

SMTSA

Serdica

N •SER-

N •SER-

Siacia

X

SIS

•SIS- SIS*

Ttrraco

T?

T

Trier

PTR€

Sirmium

SIRM

Heraclea Theasaliae

SMHTB

PARL

• 1

ARL PARL

. 1

Arelatam

PARL QARL

PARL SARL TARL QARL

2»2

Dr. A. Mi&aong,

The analysis of the period 'where Licinius and Magnus alone facing each other, coin books appearing on gold sticks results in:

1) the old SM near Antioch,

Nicomedia, Thessalonica, Tarraco and, Heraclea Thessaliae.

2) P = Percussa is only retained in Trier.

3) Cities fell away at that time: Alexandria near of gold coinage, and Carthage entirely. New additions include HT Heraclea, which has the largest copper nominal value Julianus II appears almost written out and that A closer local name than “Thessaliae” is necessary was, as many Heraclea could be meant.

SlttM Sirmium. ARL Arelatum 1).

ANT takes place instead of A, approximately since ARELATVM appeared. dives. SER instead of SD TRE sometimes instead of TR

4) Office letters already appear in several places like this: at Antioch SMAN A (4th Office)

SMAN € (5. ,, Nicomedia SMN B (2.

SMN r (3.

SMN A (4.

SMN € (5.

,, Thessalonica SMTS A (1.

1) Laugier, luude sur les monnaies frapptfes a Arles. Tonn 1877.

The forerunners of the value number OB on Roman gold coins. 293

at Arelatum PARL (1st office)

SARL (2. "f" TARL (3. ,, ) QARL (4th “) "Heraclea SMHT B (2nd")

5). The old star alone, but the moon only with that stars in it &

6) From -£ as such, the spar in a Latin word - formed X at to

From NC the track in an N either alone £L or in the case of cities with an office book

SER

letters as ^^

Finally 7) '* with ^ in the field and ANT in the section.

Still unexplained letters that Eckhel also wonders about goes away. The contraction of the N with T appears again worth noting and can contain the old NC.

I(ussu) S(enatus) INT(eger) means my friend Mr from Kolb in Urfahr.

My main interest is again the ones mentioned above Letters X and N, probably the value again sign.

The X which only appears in a Licinius of Siscia

i? occurs, it seems to me that in the Latin version

SIS

translated to be Greek -£. The Licinius

of the Vienna cabinet weighs exactly 5.3, a slightly lochter from Rollin weighed 5.24. So it's the weight of the 60s as above, and the N, which is only in one of each Aureus of Liciöius and two of Magnus in Serdica as

JjL- and an aureus of Licinius from Nicomedia •SER*

Journal of Numismatics. VII. 20

294 Dr - A - MiMong,

4. Officin ^ M |jl" ' occurs in the field, appears to me as

the continuation of the NC (according to the Nicomedes, so to speak Lint embossed.

The two Licinias in Vienna with . sg *p, nnd cmklA Each one weighs exactly 5.3 grams. A Magnus with ~5

was not up to my dare. With g MN «f is a As far as I know, Aureus from Magnus is not known.

These are now the . Precursor of OB as a value number, still shortly before the introduction of the 72 barrel under Constantinus Magnus, because its consular coins from the fourth consulate in 315 AD only have the weight

from 4 39 in good condition, and 4.55 with rest of handle, both in Berlin. So these have the less again Weight and are hit on the 72 foot, after which the simple Aureus 4.548 weighs.

Multiple multiples and parts confirm these things. pretty standard.

So the short summary is:

According to this, at the beginning of the reign of Diocletian swaying barrel, which was pretty close to the 70's, between 286 and 290 the O appeared to be 70, but only temporarily going, actually only the value of a part of the fixing Courantes once, then only in 290 the heavier Mttnz- foot with -£ = X = 60 or through NC and N as Nicomedian Foot marked. Maybe the N was the beginning of the word noyus (new foot), or it referred to the word NOMOC as well as L in L on the word LEX law.

But these are just conjectures. But it is not yet possible to overcome see that the Roman pound, as Mr. Dir. Friedlaeader in

*A

The forerunners of the value number OB were Roman gold coins. 295

his dissertation mentioned at the beginning, page 1 5, actually Maybe it only weighed 324 to 327 grams. Hiezn would then the weights are even more accurate and some seem to lose a little too much under-importance. Also like the gold is not quite the same fineness in different times have been, and despite the ban on the alloy of the the same but not legally pure. Where was he? The mint's treasure and the small profit of the mint master didn't quite work for the blue eyes either. More sophisticated Nunrismatics, to whom the entire treasure of rich cabins also belongs commandments, and thereby their and our thirst for knowledge can satisfy to the fullest, will continue to judge, and so at the same time I would like to thank those gentlemen: they I was so friendly in Vienna, Berlin, Paris and London Information and prints supported when the

Mr. Custos Dr. Ms. Kenner,

,, Dir. J. Friedlaender,

,, Rollin and Feuardent and Mr. Robert Ready for his wonderful impressions the Brit. Museum, the future researchers in this field Confidently a happy “Good Luck” to 1 ).

Vienna, March 1879.

Dr. A. Missong.

1) At the last moment I learned about the one in the Racine Auctions Catalog Pariah 1879 mentioned Constantinus Magnus No. 1431 by the kindness of the gentlemen Roll in n. Feuardent an impression.

Of the field letters, 3 is probably just a scratch in the Metal and barely visible. In the first E, however, I suspect that unfortunately only in the case of seat of a paper print in which the middle strokes of the letter (Er) are located only poorly cast, much more like a j£ than an E, which is consistent with the abs sectional letters PR with Maxentius and Herculeus as a senior.

20

The successors of Alexander the Great in Bactria

and India.

Addendum.

Yndopheres.

At the end of the “Historical Review” of my “Nach- "follower of Alexander the Great in Bactria and India" said ieh (p. 69): »If I . . . tried a . . . about- to give a perspective of Bactrian and Indo-Greek rule, not intended for Indologists and special researchers... as good as I am it as a mere coin scholar and as a layman in the Indian Language studies could, so I explicitly have to ask the indulgence of those who are the Indians Language and history studies are close. I I know well how much I may have missed," etc.

Perhaps in response to this request, the »Rhenish Museum« N. F. Volume 34, 1879 1 ) the following anonymous:

"Erotema philologicum."

»Is it too much to ask of the numismatist if you asks next to "the manuals from which he made his historical notes" (cf. A. von Sallet: the successors of Alexander the Large ones in Bactria and India. Berlin, Weidmann 1879 p. 54), also occasionally look up the Rhenish Museum? »»At the large number of novelties that the author was able to offer, and with the method, which is completely different from the previous one he is trying to find the skeleton of a history of those powerful

1) Rhenish Museum of Philology. Edited by Otto Ribbeck and Franz Bücheier. Responsible editor Hermann Rau in Bonn. Vol. XXXIV, issue 2, 340.

A.v. Sallet, The Successors of Alexander the Elder Gr. in Bactria and India. 297

to put together the Greek empires of the East" (see preface. p. III), the same seems to be a consideration of this journal. for over- to have kept liquid.

»S. 15S he lets Tndopheres die around 80 AD and notes about it: »»The most piquant, historically completely correct piece of news But about Yndopheres, Gondopharus, etc., the English books have taught found in a source, using it for studies has hardly been thought of in ancient history (! f J. It is astonishing that this most interesting discovery Cover, it seems, was hardly noticed at all. (Let e.g. ignores it completely.)«« The most surprising thing is that one over Gondopharus the longer spreads, but ""as it seems"", from Rhine. Mus. N. F. XIX 1864 p. 161 ff. »»Almost no note at all taken."« And yet at this point there are masterful and multiple definitively from the entire cycle of the apocryphal Acts of the Apostles the most historically valuable news has been extracted and straightened out »»Yndopheres«« is discussed in detail at the beginning. Since the polite grammatical hint p. 162 note 3 also in the new opus received no attention, it may be written here again:

»»The numismatists have conspired to kill the King of Yndopherrd to name; it is not superfluous to note that this is against a violates well-known Greek phonetic law."«

»Finally it is not very critical if you follow the English procedure For the Thomas legend only the legenda aurea was used; those in the third The acta S. Thomae apostoli, which go back to the 19th century, are still through Thilo and Tischendorf have become reasonably accessible.

»»The diplomatically precise naming«« of the during the time the apostle of the reigning king proves to the author that at least most probably a strange connection between this Indian "Caution is the mother of bravery. The statements Rh. Mus. 1. c. p. 162 — 172 would have this wobbly ““at least most likely” * some not innocuous supports were given. — So much for this time.

x y to.u

To this anonymous “Erotenia” in similar expressions reply, my upbringing forbids me 1 ;. I'm just holding on to the objective; I just want to note that the accusation but probably less so for me. as the famous Indologist Lassen who, as a learned specialist and Indologist and as

1) I could otherwise e.g. B. some strange contributions to the "Erotema" give: how scholars from other countries plan (philologists, historians, etc.) Know and “look up” our numismatic books?

298 A.v. Sali,"

Professor in Bonn was probably more obliged than me would be, in his sections on Tndopheres or Gondophares in Indian antiquity from 1874 the Rhenish Museum from 1864 in Bathe. But Lassen has neither the essay of the Rhine. Museum, nor the “Gundoferus” I knew the legendary legenda aurea 1 ), so even less than I did. I don't think not knowing one or two scenes is sentences degrade someone's scientific value, neither Leave mine as well; but that the anonymous author of the "Erotema" his accusations against me, the "numismatist", and not the Indologist Lassen makes, probably best characterizes it the value and intent of the attack.

The one in the treatment of the "Yndophares", Gondophares etc. Essay unknown to me and by Lassen is: v. Good- fechmid, The royal names in the apocryphal apostles stories. (Rhein. Mus. N. F. XIX, 1S64.) — Gutschmid shows in this extremely interesting work that not the of Cunningham and later mentioned by Thomas legenda aurea des 13th century the oldest source for the connection of the Indian King "Yndopheres", Gondophares etc. 8th w. with the apostle Thomas, but that there was a much older one. The »yours Core according to the nsQiodoi, which dates back to the 3rd century AD tov äyiov dnoazokov Qw/ttä (Thilo, Acta S. Thomae 1823) er- count very similarly to the late legenda aurea: Abbanes, the Merchant of the Indian king Gundaphoros comes Jerusalem to look for a builder. Thomas is from Christ handed over to Abbanes as master builder (as a slave), that he might preach the gospel in India. He's going now

1) Lassen knows whether Gutsohmid's essay has been taken into account elsewhere I don't. But ad vocem »Yndopherrew (II, p. 409 f.) and where he speaks of the apostle Thomas in India speaks (II, p. 1119), he did not do it. »The oldest Evidence that Thomas went to India is that of Uregorios tob Nazianzus from the 4th and that of Hieionymus from the 5th century.

The successors of Alexander d. Gr. in Bactria and India. 299

"Andrapolis," then to King Gundapboros, whom he and his converted to his brother Gad.

Of utmost interest is the further investigation of good- schmids. The familiar names of the three kings

are:

Melchior d. i. king of light,

Balthasar, the Chaldean name of Daniel,

Kaspar (Gaspard) was unexplained.

Name the “Excerpta barbari”, one of the oldest sources but the third king "Gathaspar", two in the Syrian Lexicographer Bar Bahlül preserved lists of the wise men from the Orient (whose number grows to 13 at one point) Güdophorhün and Vashthaph bar call one of them Güdophor, so it is certain that the mythical king “Kaspar” also commemorates the Indian king Gondophares, Gundoferus, Yndopheres, owes its existence.

Gutschmid now draws conclusions from these traditions the real connection of the Indian king with the evening country or the Roman Empire, and describes the posting of Abbanes, according to a builder, as an “actual “Taking cultural and historical conditions into account”. The confession However, history itself is considered apocryphal, an “inverted” “melted Buddhist conversion story” explains.

The time of the “Gundoferus” was thus given, the first Christian century.

Gutschmid suspects the scene of his rule in and around Herat.

His Parthian origin, which was previously assumed, Gutschmid assumes that this is certain (this is what the tradition says Thomas as an apostle of the Parthians and as such of the Indians draws).

The name must if the genitive YNA04>EPPOY is not to be Yndopherrös but Hyndopberres.

300 A v - 8allet '

As far as what Gutschmid said about Yndopheres or Gondo- phares etc. himself says, further down we want to explain his notes about Gundophares' relatives, etc. consider.

The anonymous author of “Erotema philologicum” calls this essay by Gutschmid “masterfully and in many ways final” valid«. I don't know how to judge whether it's "masterful". I can only say that it gave me the liveliest joy, to learn from Gutschmid's learned work. But it is “final.” a word that one uses when researching Indo-Bactrian weapons. layer should be applied as little as possible; here, where daily Something new can be expected where the earth often gives us wonders we never imagined. gives valuable things that overturn some beautiful theories or even brilliantly confirm it, one can only ever say: “this The result is “satisfactory so far,” but not final.

That's how it is with Gutschmid's work, which brings us in demonstrates the sources in a more learned and clear way, those in accordance with the monuments are even better as the legenda aurea, on the high probability of one the West's exact acquaintance with Gondophares and his empire, perhaps even a connection with him indicate.

Since then I have been able to trace the king's time with help. covered monuments are fixed far more securely and “finally”. First, the inscription at Takht-i Bahi near Peshawar teaches us, that the “great king Gadaphara” reigned for at least 26 years. The purely Greek one I discovered and depicted, according to Parthian pattern embossed drachma of Gondophares, ver- resembled the very similar ones of Sanabarus, whose tiara exactly after that of the Parthian king V. J. 77 and 78 AD is copied, proves that Gondophares, probably as an immediate Bare predecessor of Sanabarus, i.e. around 60, 70, 80 AD. around, lived and shaped mnss.

The successors of Alexander d. Or. in Bactria and India. 3(M

My fixation of the Gondophares, bit into the 2nd half of the 1st century, is therefore undoubted and adds significantly Gutschmid's work.

The scene of the king's reign is guessed by Gut- Schmid in Herat. Here too, the newly discovered ones give us Monuments certainty. Takht-i Bahi, close to Pesehawer, is the name of the place in which the strange stone inscription is located Arian letters, was found: "of the great king Gada phara, 26 years old; in the year 100 of the Common Era« 1 ). So not Herat but Pesehawer is the or a seat of the king (perhaps immediately before the Turushka's, their gold pieces en masse in the Buddhist ruins were found by Pesehawer). How far otherwise his We know that dominion extended in all directions not.

The king's Parthian origins had long since been confirmed suspected and the evidence further provided by Gutschmid reasons are certainly confirmatory. The striking monumental one But confirmation is provided by the coins of Abdagas, nephew of Gondophares, because Abdagases is the name of a part of Tacitus TBian dynasts in Tiberius' time; especially proving for the Parthian descent or at least the exact, close relationship However, the connection between Gondophares and the Parthian Empire is the called the king's purely Arsaeid drachma, which I discovered: ßaatiJwg ßaoiliwv fiiyg [she) YvöotpiQTqg avtoxQato (p. 160). I believe so, by drawing out this important immensely difficult to read piece from a large mass I have preserved and unrecognizable arsacid drachmas Science "ad vocem Yndopheres" which is abundantly used again Appreciate what I did due to my ignorance of the 19th volume of the Rhine. Museum, and a worthy thinker

1) Unfortunately, we do not know when this “calculation of time” will begin.

302 A.v. Stfet,

is given to the "numismatist" who provides historians with unknowns and monuments that are only recognizable to the numismatist. gifts that no one can “look up” if the “numisma” “tictic” is no longer, it would be better to thank him than to say “not.” “Looking up” a new printed book a great special researcher and Indologist also did not comply has beaten him, although Indian history is true to him. had to be closer than the numismatist.

So what changes factually in my section about •Yndopheres” after reading Gutschmid’s essay? Nothing at all. Just as an addition that confirms my results tongue must be added: not the medieval legend aurea alone gives out, as I said, “faithfully and faithfully.” old sources "the facts", but one "according to their core A Greek source dating back to the 3rd century tells the story already the same story of the apostle Thomas, who was the king Gundapboros converted.

And my words about the “highly probable combination” hang of this Indian king with the first propagators of the Christianity8« remains correct, at most it likes it modify the reading of Gutschmid's essay somewhat, So instead of “with the first propagators of Christianity.” stand “with the West; maybe with the Roman Empire, with Syria« 1).

That the king, who writes himself so differently, should be all Yndopherres (not just the “numismatists”), also Lassen calls him that), not what it should be grammatically correct,

1) The “caution” in the words mentioned that I was mockingly accused of is actually exceeded by Gutschmid's caution. I thought about the possibility ity of a connection between Gondophares and the apostle Thomas, Gutschmid This weakens a possible connection between the king and the Roman Empire off. As I said, the decision has to be made in these cases: Th.« legendary things nothing.

The successors of Aleiandia d. Gr. in Bactria and India. 303

Hyndopherres can be excused. This. Names: Yrcodes, Yndopherres etc. should only be carried out carefully Description of capital letters: YPKUUAOY, YNAO<|>EPPOY. Whether these somewhat barbaric rulers cared about Greek sounds laws even cared? Who knows?

So much about Gondophares, Yndo- or Hyndopherres. The Gutschmid's other comments, as far as they relate to the coins I want to be connected, since I also have other things to add have, order according to the kings.

Abdagases

Nephew of Yndopherres. What is important is the information provided by Gutschmid divided passage from the apocryphal gospel of Joannis de obitn Mariae. The apostle Thomas says there about his mis- sion to the King of India: xov vlov xrjg ädekyrjg xov ßaot- kitog opofuati uiaßdavovg vn i^tov {uXXoitoq oq>Q nalatiq*. Otherwise, next to Gondophoros will be with him- returned brother called Gad; Gutschmid is right to say this the BACIAEY ABAAA rYNAIEPO AAEAIAEUUCi) with the viog xrjg ädekiprjg xov ßaoiXewg together. Certainly is this the same person, and the note again proves how probably informed the first legend writers about Gondophares and his family were. From the earlier erroneous reading AOAAA instead of the Berliner I pictured copy fixed reading ABAAA but erroneous mistakes follow muthangen Gutschmids, the ßaoiXeva as a barbaric genitive and the name 'Oddag = Gväd, Gad, the alleged brother of the king and perhaps = Labdanes (Abdanesj suspected and this alleged Oadas with the wind god OAAO of Kanerka compiled. Even the ones not used here by Gutschmid

1) This is probably a genitive, not a nominative, instead of b4$\

304 A v - rent,

Lasting readings of the reverses of these nephew coins (Prinsep, Essays II. 216 (185S1 with the clear name Abdagasa, Arian, prove the error of these conjectars.

Gondophares' nephew is called the same as his coins teach, Abdagases, Arian always abdagasa or avda- gasa, Greek sometimes corrupt I4ßadd.., l4ßaXyaoov etc. - Certainly correct and of great value is good- Schmid's contribution of the viov %rjg ädebqrijg xov ßaoiXitaq Aaßia- vovg ; this nephew and his name are certainly identical to that Abdagases, Abada . . . , Abalgases of coins.

Gadaphara Sasa.

Gutsehmid suspects that this king may be the Gon- dophares "father or co-regent". Everything is completely dark, completely unsure of the ones added in the titles by Cunningham Gutsehmid inscription "mah&ragasa" (she') refers to Buddhism saöca-dha(mapidasa) Sasasa," as I describe it on pages 165 and 166. have meadows. The one offered by Prinsep-Thomas for this coin The copy in Wilson's Ariana asked for a completely different circumstance. scripture, namely the usual one of Gadaphara Sasa: maha- rajasa tradatasa devahadasa gadapharasa sasasa, and da Cun- ningham's reading is greatly supplemented at the crucial point is, yes, there these Buddhist titles on Gondophares 1 and his Dynasty coins are completely unheard of, the whole title remains uncertain; I myself have, among the many coins of the Council, strange "Gadaphara Sasa" never one with the alleged buddhi stic titles, so the entire stated floats lic Buddhism of Gondophares and his family milie in the air and cannot be proven by anything!

The Greek inscriptions on these coins of Gadaphara Sasa, either of Gondophares or one of his subordinates Current ones, I believe, are always completely wild

The successors of Alexander d. Gr. in Bactria and India. 305

Orthanes. .

After repeated close examination of the London example plars (in the exact print) doesn't seem like the name to me was previously assumed to be Orthagnes, but rather Orthanes. I also agree with the view of the English numismatists Greek legend is corrupt, do not share. The ones that matter to me knew three copies ') (one in London, two now in Berlin) have very good, correct inscription on both sides. This What can certainly be read from these three copies is:

EVER. 6. BACIA€YC BA ..1 Ff (once *) VW* VVbu....

CIA6UUN M€rAC the good Berlin copy has that

OPGANHC r in the name slightly different, like

"re", also X, gu instead of

copies nothing.

6utschmid8 Compilation of the »Orthagnes« with the The name of the god “Ordagno” is not permitted because it means Orthagnes as I said, most likely "Orthanes" and instead of the war- God's name "Ordagno" can be read "Orlagno", as I see on p. 198 based on the originals. — At the last word the transcription: *1VY or similar, i.e. gafar, gafad, could one remembers the brother of Gondophares, "Ga4" after the writers of legends, remember ; But it's better to do that perhaps not to pay attention to random harmonics, because they are useless Conjectures only confuse and damage science.

Ardochro,

Name of the gods on the Turusbka monks.

Until the latest times on the Turushkamttnzen occurring goddess Ardochro is identical to Demeter. He

1) To my knowledge, no other copies are known yet.

i

306 A.v. ballet,

is an exact repetition of the seated Demeter with a cornucopia (i.e. only the sessile Ardochro type) nndAehren on the coins of Azes (p. 145). Also the standing Ardochro holds the cornucopia and is of course identical to the seated one. This is not a useless remark, but rather the identity The status of the standing and sitting Ardochro had to be done be highlighted because otherwise with these coins It happens that the same name applies to completely different characters appears, e.g. B. Athro on coins of King Ooerki near He- phaestos, on other coins of the Turushka kings at one bearded warrior with sword and wreath or diadem in the hand.

Gntschmid comments on “Orthomasdes,” an alleged King, which Cunninghatn's list (N. Chron. VIII on p. 175) states that this name is synonymous with Ardochro. Until But now no coin of “Orthomasdes” has come to light men and the name is most likely based on an error Reading an imperfectly preserved coin.

Minor additions and corrections.

Page 12 line 4 v. o.: instead of “latter” read: “enteren”.

For the name register p. 42 f.

Antimachus: Lysimachus' brother.

Apollodotus: an Apollo dorus (prescription easy here

possible) Satrap of Babylonia, strategist of

Susana. Hippostratus: General of Antigonus in Media. Philoxenus: Alexander's governor in Ionia and Susiana.

CaUiope: city in Parthia.

P. 91 the 5th coin: the head of Heracles wreathed with vine leaves (collectible lung Six in Amsterdam.)

The successors of Alexander d. Gr. in Bactria and India. 307

On Agathocles, ancestral coin with Euthydem's picture, p. 94.

The Berlin museum recently acquired a wonderful one Example of this coin. Euthydem's head appears as if on his late coins with furrowed features, the monogram is what was common in the earlier period of Bactrian rule R. Weight: 16.86.

8. 108 Line 1 from the top instead of NIKE+OPOY read NIKH+OPOY

P. 134 instead of Ranjubul or Ranjabal read Ranjubula etc.

8. 152 for the 6th coin: a coin from the Six collection in Amsterdam, yon beautiful drawing, has*

ßaciXlvg ßa

th B. wreath, with short Sword (?), so probably safe the moon goddess. It is unclear whether this coin belongs to Maues or to Azilises

not sure.

P. 177 Line 15 above read BADAEUIN instead of ßacuteuty.

P. 168 Line 11 from top: “the usual weight of the Attic Staters." “Something reduced” should be added after ordinary ones.

P. 196 Line 15 above instead of Af lies: Aver$.

P. 205 PAOPHOPO or PAOPHOPO probably means “the King Reoro or Bethro«. The PAO as a royal title among gods is also coming otherwise, e.g. with Nana.

A.v. Sallet.

Coin discovery from Cittanuova.

Towards the end of last year at Cittanuova in Cala- bria ulteriore (Circondario di Palmi, provincia di Reggio). Fnnd of didrachms and a few parts of the Greek French coastal towns, which apart from the numeric matic also arouses some historical interest, as he is one of the coin finds that go back furthest in time have been made up to now, and not just through the but also strange because of the missing pieces. I have no further information about the circumstances surrounding the discovery Little is the exact total number - it is estimated at around 600 Pieces given - , nor even the approximate numbers of the individual species, so that only general information about the mutual relationship between the latter is possible. Represented are, almost entirely due to incuse, freshly canceled copies. plare, the cities of Taranto, Metapontion, Sybaris, Asia, Croton, Kaulonia, Laos, Poseidonia. That the neighboring Lokri is missing, is in order given the late start of its coinage, The lack of some smaller mints is also obviously important But given the close proximity of the site, Rhegion is over- is not represented at all: this absence cannot be accidental. Apart from the completely isolated old incusus Rev. numism. 1866, 265 - which, by the way, corresponds to the letterforms after (cf. KirchhofF's comments about the change from S and I Stud. z. Geo. d. Greek alphabet. 3 155) not well

F.v. Duhn, coin find from Cittanuova. 309

may be older than the middle of the sixth century - begins The influence of Rhegion only began around the beginning of the fifth Century: its connection to the tyranny of the Anaxilas; and immediately the Rhegin coins of the same begin constant political and commercial importance of the city correspondingly, to become very widespread: their absence in the find from Cittanuova, barely 6 miles from Rhegion us, the latter before the time of Rhegion's coinage, i.e. h. to be placed at the end of the sixth century at the latest. The same result can be reached upon closer inspection find.

Taranto. I only have 2 Exx. seen, both of them same: Taras on the dolphin to the right, the first hand in front stretched; bottom shell; above iAflAT (a catal. of the coins in the Brit. Mus. Italy. p. 165, 34). — Bf. incus; the inscription is also repeated below. This one of the Exx., acquired by the Museo nationale, has this for Taranto high weight 8.13. Both Exx. were as great rarities were considered in the find; it is probably that Taranto was only represented by them.

Metapontion. Only incuse didrachms, but these in very large quantity. — The following list after the Serial numbers in the British Museum catalogue p. 238 ff. (Carelli is only quoted where the former is not is sufficient) gives the degree of frequency:

17; 3 (Carelli 5); 3 (Carelli 4; ; 17 (at the end A);

15:11; 14; 27; Carelli 3.

Sybaris. Didr. of the Berlin Museum, pictured plate IV

1 copy); Brit. Mus. 283, 1 - 4 numerous; the inscription:

VM, TM, YM); ibid 5 less numerous; tetro

bolon Brit. Mus. 1 (I only saw one copy, purchased

from the Museo nationale, weighing 2.64).

Journal of Numismatics. VII. 21

310 F - v - i>«h«.

Asia. Didr. of the Museo Nationale, Fig. Historical archive delle provincie Napolitane 1879, why de Petra. The well-preserved type corresponds to the rare piece completely that of the coin of Sybaris: Eckhel, Sylloge I, 9 = Carelli CLXIV, 4; cf. Bull, dell' Ist. 1845, 16 (Brown), Sambon, Recherches 293. 2. Inscription: 2MA; Weight 7.71.

Croton. (see Metapontion above for the list). Carelli 3 (alternate P, P, P, Brit. Mus. I, 5) but mostly S. also several times without snakes, also with a net-like one Drawing in section), 3, 27 (one of these Exx. QPO SOUND); 31 (one ex.); an ex. (43. 44) already shows this not incuse double embossing; see below Eaulonia and Laos; another, in Berlin's Eabinet, points to At. Croton's tripod with QK>, on Bf. (incus) the Bull of Sybaris; although YM is missing from the section, will You can still copy this coin with those from Eroton Defeated by Sybaris in 510 (Brit. Mus. p. 357) put together, and in it one of the youngest coins in the find.

Kaulonia. Brit. Mus. 336, 10 = Carelli CLXXXVIH, 1. In large quantities, and all in excellent condition. The only variant I encountered (in an ex.) was Brit. Mus. 13; Double embossing was also rare Brit. Mus. 18, acquired by the National Museum; cf. Eroton and Laos. ! )

Laos. I only saw 4 Exx., all different: incus (Brit. Mus. 235, 1) only in one ex.; further Brit. Mus. 2; 3; Carelli CXLIV, 2: cf. Eroton, Eau- lonia.

1) I have an excellent copy of this in terms of style and condition Incnsus to that fund is not British. Mas. 336, 10, but the following No. 11, the small figure holds a branch in each hand. A.v. S.

Coin discovery from Cittanuova. 31 1

Poseidonia. Only 2 Exx. Brit. Mus. 265, 5}, of which However, on the one hand, from Mus. nationally acquired, Poseidon appears unbearded.

They came from the compilation just given of the find there are two other time determinations, which add to the weight of the absence of Rhegion, firstly the appearance of the coin of Croton with the bull of Sybaris in reverse, secondly, the isolated occurrence is no longer cuser coins from Eroton, Eaulonia and Laos. Thus the Treasure may have been buried between 510 and 494. The time the cessation of the incuse coinage is due to the new find more precisely, but it is also a historical moment: The focus of Greek trade is still on the Gulf from Taranto; Soon that will change, the strait will actually come into Greek power: with the introduction of Attic currency The turn manifests itself, which comes from Syracuse and Rhegion starting from the Achaean cities takes the monopoly, namely the Etruscans do the craft, but at the same time instead of Sy- baris and Eroton Rhegion, Messana and Syracuse, in place of Kyme Neapolis bets.

F.v. Duhn.

'21

Coin discovery in Calabria.

From the gold coin discovery that was recently made in Cala- Brien was made (I have no idea where can), apart from those received by the Berlin Museum 1 1 pieces by Ptolemy Soter and 30 other staters Face come: I have reason to believe that the number of the specimens was not larger at all. The circumstances of the discovery remained unknown to me and my informants.

They were all well-preserved staters of Alexander the Great Greats, Philippos Arrhidaios and Ptolemy Soter; on The most numerous were the coins of the first, the fewest were the of the last represented. Among the more precisely identifiable Alexander Coins weigh those from Phoenician and Asia Minor Mints. Except for those who came to Berlin following.

number of Exx.

1) Pallas's head (helmet decoration: winged griffin) - Nike with tropaion rod and wreath. epithet 1. lion

n.r. looking around; r. Leaf (cardia). 1

Müller, Numismatique d'Alexandre le grand

No. 326.

2) likewise (snake) — likewise. pickle : double horse and Monogram (Perinthos). 2

Mionnet, Suppl. III, 119. Müller 394.

3) likewise (snake) — likewise. stain. 1st monogram,

r. a kind of bipennis. Mionnet 108. Müller 577. 2

F.v. Dubn, coin found in CaUbrien. 313

number of Exx.

4) likewise -snake) — likewise. pickle : rose (so-called ba- laustium), and E (Rhodes). 1

Mionnet, Suppl. m, 207, 248.

5) likewise (snake) — likewise. Beiz.: r. Rose; 1.II? 1

6) likewise (snake) — likewise. pickle : 1. head of Helios. Mionnet, Snppl. III, 188, 101. Müller 1541. 1

7) likewise (snake) — likewise. pickle : 1. Greek, r. Phoenician monogram AAEZANAPoY BAZI AE&Z. (Cilicia). Müller 1304. 2

8) likewise (Gryphon) — likewise. pickle : Phoenician book staben (Ake). 3

Mionnet, Snppl. III, 148, 191. Müller 1426.

9) likewise (snake) — likewise. pickle : Front feet of one horse (cf. Müller 277). 1

10) likewise (snake) — likewise. Stain: head with phry-

gish hat. Mionnet 99. 1

II] likewise (snake) — likewise. Bit.: lightning. 1

Mionnet, Suppl. III, 190, 121.

12) likewise (snake) — likewise. Stain: monogram; pentagram; Dolphin. 1

Mionnet, Snppl. III, 187, 83.

13) likewise (snake) — likewise. Bit.: 1. dolphin, bottom 4h, r. something like a hanging torch with tines around the staff. 1

14) likewise (snake) — likewise. Bit.: 1. Y, r. below ZIP 1

15; likewise 'snake) - likewise. AAEäANAPoY BA

ZIAEÜZ. Stain: monogram. Mionnet 140. 1

16' likewise (snake) — likewise. Bit.: T. 1

17) also fledged. Greif) — likewise. Beiz, unclear. 1

IS likewise (snake) — likewise. Beiz, unclear. 1 19 likewise ;snake) — likewise. AAEZANAPoY

A ZIAE" Beiz, unclear. 1

314 F. v. Duhn, Münifuud in Calabria.

number of Ezx

20) likewise (Gryphon) — likewise. AAEZANAPoY BAZI AEÜZ. No symbol. 2

Philip.

1) Pallas's head (serpent) - Nike with tropaion rod and wreath. pickle : Ship's forepart, r. x • 1

See Müller a. a. 0. 100.

2) likewise (helmet decoration unclear) — likewise. pickle :H. 1

Müller 124.

3) likewise (snake) — likewise. pickle : 1. r*i, 1. bottom ♦ . 1

Ptolemy Soter.

Head of the king with a bandage - Alexander as Zeus at the Elephantenquadriga ITTOAEMAloY BAZI AEÜZ; in Section I IKP KE; see Mionnet VI, 2, 14. 1

F.v. Duhn.

The discovery of Cattenes.

On September 4, 1878, not far from Cattenes (Mayen district, Rgbz. Coblenz) during railway construction at a depth of 1.1 m An urn covered with a slate slab was found, which weighed around 40 kg heavily oxidized Roman billondenars. The find was from the railway administration to the king. Handed over to the coin cabinet. After After the cleaning was carried out, the following instructions were found here: zen before:

1. Valerianus .... 11

2. Gallienus .... 737

3. Salonina 51

4. Saloninus....2

5. Valerianus minor. . 1

6. Postumus .... 65

7. Laelianus....2

8. Victorinus .... 862

9. Marius 9

10. Tetricus pater et filius 1

11. Tetricus pater. . . 6313

12. Tetricus filius. . . 3237

13. Claudius Gothicus. . 718

14. Quintillus....43

15. Aurelianus....14

16. Indeterminate... 28

Zrftaehrift for numUmatics. VII.

A total of 12,093 coins.

22

316 Adolf Erman,

Of these, the two Tetricus account for 9551, and Aurelian On the other hand, only 1 4 pieces, so one would initially assume that The find comes from the beginning of the reign of the the latter. However, since the type restitutor orientis exists comes, he has to after the defeat of Zenobia be buried, and so we will most likely ality to the year 273, i.e. h. the year of subjugation formation of the Tetricus. As is well known, Tetricus had so much to suffer from the defiance of his own soldiers Aurelian himself summoned him from the torments of his reign to redeem. For appearances he gave him the Catalan language fought a battle and allowed himself to be captured. That Aurelian would still have found resistance in Gaul, is not reported to us. Somehow with these events will also related to the burial of our find. Many- It was easily the treasury of a part of Tetricus' troops; there- The enormous amount of freshly minted coins speaks for this Emperor and the almost complete absence of the otherwise so frequent bar- baric imitations.

The metal of these coins is slightly silver-containing white-boiled copper; only in most of the Victormus and in those of the Tetricus the silver content disappears completely. The latter in particular reflect the sad situation of the Galactic lish Beiches again. The planks of these “denarii” won one by inserting a copper plate of any thickness irregular pieces of any size broke; still unform- They became more beautiful due to the fact that during the rough minting the ribbons which is mostly torn and shattered. That's how it suits us These finds Tetricus coins of every size, of more than two cm. down to one, and of every thickness, . from three mm. strong to thin linings where the imprint both sides mix. On embossed pieces of all kinds is of course not a defect either.

The discovery of Cattenes. 317

It is not without interest the composition of ours find with that of a similar one about 10 years later. to compare the one dug near Reichenstein not far from Basel. has been found *) . Let us see from the coins of Tetricus from, the number (9551) in our finding is an abnormal one and which only correspond to 279 in the Reichenstein treasure towards each other:

Gallienus

C

737

R.

697

Salonina

> >

51

? i

90

Postumus

>?

65

n

44

Victorinus

i y

862

M

125

Claudius

ii

718

n

527

Quintillus

1 1

43

>>

38

You can see the coins of the other emperors remained unchanged in circulation for a decade, the miserable copper coins of Victorinus and the Tetricus fast enough.

I. Yalerianus.

Vf. Bust of the emperor with the crown of rays r. A.: IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS P F AVG 1 B.: IMP C P LIC VALERIANVS AVG A — FELICITAS AVGG Felicitas standing, v. v., the R. trimmed to the long caduceus, in the L. the Cornucopia. 1

B — FIDES MILITVM Fides standing 1st, in each hand

a field mark. 1

A — ORIENS AVGG Sol standing 1st, R. raised, in

the L. the goat. 4

Likewise, but in the L. the globe. 2

1) See W. Vischer, Small Writings II, p. 489ff. Wedge notice live, This also indicates the relative frequency of the various off-line numbers in both finds is the same. Just keep in mind that Vischer has the two digits f and S has read S throughout.

22»

31S Adolf Krman,

A — PROVIDENTIA AVGG Providentia standing 1st, in

the K. a staff, the L. a cornucopia. 1

A — RESTIVT ORIENTIS woman with maner crown ste- hend r. presents the emperor with a wreath. The Emperor standing in war dress 1. , in the L. that Scepter. A star above both. 1

B— VICTORIA AVGG Standing Victoria. 1

Total of pieces: 11

II. Gallienus.

Vf. Head of the Emperor r. with the crown of rays. A: GALLIA VS AVG B: IMP GALLIENVS AVG C: IMP GALLIENVS P AVG D: IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG E: IMP C P LIC GALLIENVS AVG F: IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG G M

253 AD A breastplate. —VOTA DECENAUA (she). Victoria r., den 1. Putting barrel on a helmet, writes on one Shield attached to a palm tree. In Fields 1. P 1

256 AD E chest. — P M TR P IUI COS III P P Sol 1., the

R. raised, in the L. the Geissei. 1

259 AD C — P M TR P VII COS The Emperor 1. sacrificing at the altar. 1 Likewise, but in section MP 2

C — Same inscription. The Emperor 1. sitting, in the R. the globe, in the L. the scepter. In the ab- cut MS 2

The discovery of Cattenes. 319

268 AD A— P M TR P XVI COS VII The Emperor 1st in War

dress, in the R. the globe, in the L. the lance. 1

Likewise. In the field 1. P 2

Gods.

A — APOLLO CONSER Apollo 1., in the lowered R.

a branch, a robe on his left arm. 2 A — APOLLINI CONS AVG Centaurr., bow-stretching.

In section Z 10 This. outcry Centaur 1., in the K. the globe, in the

L. a tax. In section H 11

A—This. outcry Greif 1. In section A 4

B — Likewise. 8 A — DIANA FELIX Diana r., the K. on the lance supports, in the L. the bow. Next to her 1st one

Doe. 2

A— DIANAE CONS AVG Antelope 1. In section XII. 20

Likewise. In Section XI 1

Likewise. In section l~ 25

A—This. outcry deer r. In Section XI 23

Likewise. In section T 1 Likewise, but the animal apparently has longer horns

and a beard. In Section 9 1 A—This. outcry Deer right, head turned 1st. In

Section €5

B— Likewise. 12 A—This. outcry Deer 1st, head right. turned. In

Section € 1

B— Likewise. 1

A—This. outcry Hirsch r. In section X 6

Likewise. In Section XI 1

A—This. outcry Deer 1. In section X 10

320 Adolf Erman,

A — IOVI CONS AVG Goat 1. In section 9 10

A—This. outcry Goat r. In section 9 13 A— IOVI CONSERVAT Jupiter standing from. v., in the

K. the lightning bolt, L. supporting the lance. In

Fields r. N7

Likewise. In the field 1. N 6

B— Likewise. In the field IN 1 A — IOVIS STATOR Jupiter standing v. v., the R. on

supported the lance. In the field \. & 2

Likewise, without letters in the field. 2

A, bust portrait. - As well. 1 A— IOVI PROPVGNAT Jupiter fighting 1st, the head

r., in the raised row the lightning. 1

Likewise, in the field 1. XI 11 A_ IOVI VLTORI Jupiter fighting 1. as above. In

Fields 1. S 1

Yes, bust portrait. - As well. 3

A — LIBERO-P-CONS-AVG- Panther 1. In section B 27

A, bust portrait. - As well. 2

Likewise, but the panther on the right, with his head raised. 1 A — MARTI PACIFERO Mars 1st, on the raised row.

a branch, the left hand placed on the shield

to whom the lance leans. 1

Likewise, in field 1. A 34

A — DEO MAR[TI] Mars standing in the four-columned temple. 1 A— MERCVRIO CONS AVG Indistinct, according to Cohen

Sea ram 1. In section H 1

A — NEPTVNO CONS AVG Seepferd r. In section N 7

A, bust portrait. - As well. 2

A— SOLI CONS AVG Pegasus r. In section A 22

Likewise, Pegasus with reins. 1

A—This. outcry Taurus r. In Section XI 2

The discovery of Cattenes. 321

Different types. A-ABVNDANTIA AVG Abundantia 1., the cornucopia

distributing. In field 1. B 23

Likewise, in field 1. E 1

Likewise, without letters in the field. 2

B. With the laurel wreath. - As well. 1

A— AEQVIT AVG Aequitas 1., in the R. the scales,

in the L. a cornucopia. (Not with Cohen.) 4

A — AEQVITAS AVG The same type 2

Likewise, in the field r. VI3

A— Bust portrait. - As well. 2

A — AETERNITAS AVG Sol 1., the K. raised, in

the L. the globe. In the field 1. I~, that on

has the form P in several examples. 28

Likewise, without letters in the field. 2

A — AETERN AVG The same type. In section MT 10 A, bust portrait. — ANNONA AVG Annona 1., in the L.

the cornucopia, the K. leaning on the rudder (?). 1 A—This. outcry Annona r., the first foot on the Prora

setting; in the L. Aehren, the ß. for a long time

Tax supporting. 1

A — BON EVEN AVG Young man 1., sacrificing at the altar, in

the L. Aehren. In section MT 5

A — CONCOR AVG Concordia sitting].. in the L. a

Cornucopia, in the K. a bowl. In section MT 3 A — CONSERVAT PIETY Gallienus 1., the L. on the

Lance supported, the K. to a kneeling child

stretched out. 2

A— FACVNDIT like that, probably not fecunditas . Standing

Fecunditas 1., the K. stretched out to a child. 1

A — FECVN AVG Same type. In the field r. Ä 1

A— FELICIT AVG Felicitas standing 1st, in the L. Scepter,

in the K. üaduceus. In the field 1. P 1

322 Adolf Krman,

A bust portrait. - This. outcry Felicitas standing right, in the

L. Globe, in the R. Caduceus. 1

A—This. outcry Seated Felicitas 1. In the L. Filling horn, in the K. Caduceus. In section T 2 A bust portrait. - As well. 1 A — FIDES MILITVM Fides standing 1st, in the L. lance,

in the R. field symbols. In the field 1. N 5

Likewise without letters in the field. 1

Likewise, but with the lance held crosswise. In section MP 2 A— FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna standing 1st, in the L. the cornucopia, the R. holds the rudder that is on the Globe stands. In the field r. 9 25

A bust portrait. - As well. 5

A - Same, but without letters in the field. 2

A— FORTVNA RED Same type. 4

A— FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna sitting 1st, in the L. the Cornucopia, the R. summarizes that standing on the globe current tax. In section S 2 A bust portrait. - As well. 1 A — Likewise, in field 1. a star. 1 B — FORT REDVX Same type. In the section? 1 C— Likewise. In section MS 2 E, the Valerian, in which the same type occurs, is similar Half-length portrait —FORTVNA REDVX Mercur 1. standing, in the L. the caduceus, in the R. the wallet ; the lotus flower on his head. 1 A bust portrait -GENIVS AVG Genius 1., in the L. filling- horn, in the R. Patera; r. a field mark. In Fields r. Q1 A — INDVLG AVG Spes 1., in the R. the lotus flower,

lifting the robe with the L. In the field 1. P 2 A — LAETITIA AVG Laetitia 1., in the row the wreath,

in the L. the anchor. 7

The discovery of Cattenes. 323

Likewise. In section S 1 A bust portrait. - As well. Without Bach letters in the section. 3 Likewise. In section P 2 A — LIBERALI AVG Liberalitas 1., in which L. is the filling horn, in the R. the tessera. 1 A bust portrait. — LIBERAL AVG Same type. 1 Likewise. In the field r. T1 A— Likewise. In the field 1. S 2 A— LIBERTAS AVG Libertas 1. standing, on the row the Liberty cap, in which the L. is held diagonally Scepter. In the field r. XI 3 A — Same, but the 1st arm of Libertas is on one

Column trimmed. In the field r. S1 A— ORIENS AVG Sol r, the R. raised, in the L. the

globe. 15

A — Likewise; but in the L. the Geissei, in the field 1. Z 6

Likewise; in field 1. X 2

Likewise, without letters in the field. 5

A bust portrait. — Likewise, in section S 4

B — PAX AETERNA AVG Pax standing 1st, in the R.

a branch in which L. the scepter. In field 1. A 3

Likewise. In the field r. A1

A — Likewise. 2

A — PAX AVG Same type. In field 1. A 2

Likewise. In the field r. A1

A— Likewise. In the field 1. T 7 .

A bust portrait. - As well. 4

Q — Likewise. 3

A — Likewise. In the field r. T1

A— Likewise. In the field 1. V 2

324 Adolt Erniaii,

A bust portrait. - As well. 5

Q — Likewise. 1

A — Likewise. In the field r. V1

A bust portrait. - As well. t

B 1} youthful bust portrait. - As well. 1

A— Likewise. In the field l. S, r. I6

A — Likewise. Without letters in the field. 15

A bust portrait. - As well. 2

A—This. outcry Pax 1. sitting, with a branch in the row,

in the L. a scepter. 1

A bust portrait. - As well. I

A— PAX PVBLICA This type. In the section? 1

A— PIETAS AVG Pietas 1., at the altar with raised

poor. In section MP 6

Likewise, without letters in the section, in field 1. P 1 Likewise, in the field r. P1

Likewise, in field 1. S 1

Likewise, in the field r. S1

A—This. outcry Standing woman 1., in the L. a filling horn, in the R. a staff, next to her the world ball^?). (Type of Providentia.) In the field r. X (Not with Cohen.) 1

A — P RO V I D AV G Providentia standing 1 . , in which L. one

Rod, next to it the globe. In the field r. X3

Likewise. In the field r. V3

A—This. outcry Providentia standing 1st, in the row the Globe, in the L. across the scepter. In the ab- cut MP 10 A bust portrait. - As well; without letters in the section. 1 A — Likewise. In the field r. X1

The discovery of Cattenes.

325

A? - This. outcry Providentia standing 1st, holding R a staff that stands on the globe, the L. on supported the scepter. In the MT section A - PVDICITIA Pudicitia standing 1, the R. holds the

Veil, the L. holds a scepter. A — Likewise. In the field r. Q A— PVDICIA (she). As well.

A? — SALVS AVG Aesculap 1., in the L. a staff around which a snake winds itself. In the MP section C — Likewise.

A—This. outcry Hygieia 1., in the L. a scepter, in the R. a bowl from which a snake eats. Likewise, in the field r. I Likewise, in the field r. P Likewise, in field 1. a star, r. P A— SECVRIT PERPET Securitas standing 1st, on one Column supported, in the R. the scepter. As well. In the field 1. H Likewise. In the field r. H A— SECVR TENPO The same type.

As well. In the MS section A— VBERITAS AVG Standing Ubertas 1., in the L. that

Cornucopia, in the R. a bunch of grapes. A — Likewise. In the field r. € B — Likewise.

A— VBERTAS AVG The same type. A — VICTORIA AET Standing Victoria 1st, in the L. den Palm branch, in the row the wreath. As well. In the field 1st z Likewise. In the field 1. X A— VICTORIA AVG Same type. As well. In the field 1. B Likewise. In the field 1. S, r. P

17 1 4

6

22 1 1

3 9 4 1 1 1

326 Adolf Erman,

Likewise. In field 1. a star. 1

A — VICTORIA AVG N Same type. In the field 1. T 2 D. Bust of Emperor 1. with crown of rays, the R. er- lifted. — VIRTVS AVG Mars(?) standing L, the L. leaning on the lance, the R. on the shield dormant. 1

A — Likewise. In section P 6

Likewise. In section S 1

A bust portrait. - As well. In the field r. VI6

A—This. outcry The emperor standing in war dress (?). 1., the L. supported on the scepter, in the R. the globe. In the field 1. P 1

Likewise. In the field r. P8

A bust portrait. - As well. «s 3

A—This. outcry Mars (?) 1. striding, the L. on the

Lance trimmed, in the R. a branch. In the field 1. X 5

Dated coins 10

God types 303

Different types 424

Total 737 pieces.

III. Salonina.

Vf. A: SALON INA AVG Bust r. on the crescent. B:COR SALONINA AVG Likewise.

A — AVG IN PACE The Empress 1. sitting, in the L. a

Scepter, in the R. a branch. In section HS 5

A— CONCORDIA AET Seated Concordia 1., in the

L. a double Füllborn, in the R. a patent. 2

A — DEAE SEGETIAE The goddess in a four-column

Temple, holding her veil over her head. 1

The discovery of Cattenes. 327

A— FECVNDITAS AVG Standing Fecunditas 1st, in the L. a cornucopia, reaching out to a child« Im Fields r. A4

B— Likewise. 2

A — IV NO AVG Jnno sitting on a throne 1., in the R. a flower, in the L. a child in diapers (after Cohen). In section MS 3

A— IVNO CONSERVAT Juno standing 1. In the L. that Scepter, in the R. a Patera ; next to her the pan. In the field r. N(?) 1

A— IVNONI CONS AVG Roebuck 1. In section A 3

A — IVNO REGINA Juno standing 1st, in the L. a scep- ter, in the R. a Patera. 7

A-PIETAS AVG Pietas standing 1st, the R. inserts

A grain of incense on the altar. 1

PIETAS AVGG The Empress sitting 1st, the R. reaching

they two children, in the L. a scepter. 1

A— PVDICITIA Pudicitia standing 1., the P. grasps the

Veil, the L. holds the scepter at an angle. 4

Likewise. In the field 1. Q 1

Likewise. In the field r. Q3

A—This. outcry Pudicitia sitting 1st, the R. holds the

Veil, the L. holds the scepter at an angle. 1

A — VENVS GENETRIX Venus standing 1st, in the L.

a scepter, R. holds the apple, Cupid next to her. 3

A — VENVS VICTRIX Venus standing 1st, in the L. a

Scepter, in the R. the apple, next to her 1. a shield. 4

A— VENVS VICT Venus standing 1st, with the apple on the row,

the L. holds the scepter qner, next to her r. a sign. 1

A— VESTA Vesta 1. sitting, the R. holds a patera,

the L. the scepter across. In section Q 4

Total 51 pieces

328

Adolf He man,

IT* Saloninas.

C COR SAL VALERIANVS N CAES Bust portrait of Salonmus right, with crown of rays. — Letter PRINC IVVENT Saloninus standing 1st in war dress. In the L. the lance, in the R. the globe. L. a seated prisoner.

DIVO CAES V ALERIA NO Head of Saloninus r. with Radiation crown. — Petitioner CONSECRATIO Bren- nender altar.

1

1

Y. Yalerianus minor.

VALERIANVS P F AVG Head of Valerianus r. with Radiation crown. — ORIENS AVGG Sol striding 1., the R. raised, in the L. .a goat egg.

1

YI. Postumns.

Vf. Head of the emperor with crown of rays r. A:IMP POSTVMVS AVG B:IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG

B— P M TR P COS*-- The emperor in war dress stands standing 1st, in the L. the lance, in the R. nend not the ball (as in Cohen and de Witte stated) but probably a sword. 1

B— COS IUI (Chr. 265/6) Victoria r. ; the R. raised, in

the L. a long palm branch. 4

A — CONCORD EQVIT Fortuna standing 1st, denr. foot

sitting on the prow of a ship; the L. on one

Tax supported, in the R. a patera. 1

Likewise. In section S 3

B — Likewise. 2

B— [DIANAE LVCIjFERAE Diana running r. 1

The discovery of Gattenes. 329

A- Fl DES EQVIT Fides Ritzend 1.; in the R. one

Patera, the L. supported on a standard. In

Section P 7

A— FIDES AEQVIT This. outcry 1

B — FORT VN AE AVG Fortuna standing 1. In the L.

the cornucopia, the R. leaning on the rudder. 1

B-HERC DEVSONIENSI Hercules standing r., the R.

leaning on the club. In the L. Lionskin and

bow. 1

B— HERC PACIFERO Hercules standing 1st on the row.

a branch, in the L. club and lion skin. 1

B — IOVI STATORI Jupiter standing r. The R. on the

Lance supported, in the L. the lightning. 3

B— IOVI VICTORI Juppiter striding to the right, his head applies. In the R. swinging the lightning bolt. 3 B — MERCVRIO FELICI Mercur standing right, in the L.

the caduceus, in the R. the purse. t

Same, but FELICV A little raw. 1

B— MONETA AVG Moneta standing 1st, in the L. that

Cornucopia, in the R. the scales. 1

B— ORIENS AVG Sol walking 1st, the R. raised, in

the L. the goat. In the field 1. P 5

B — PAX AVG Pax standing 1st; in the raised row one

Branch, in the L. across a scepter. 4

Likewise. In the field l. P10

B— PAXEQVITVM Same type. 2

B- PROVIDENTIA AVG Providentia standing 1st, in the

L. across a scepter, in the R. the globe. 1

B — SALVS PROVINCI AR VM Reclining River God 1.,

in the L. the urn, behind him a fore axe. 1 B — VICTORIA AVG Victoria walking 1st, in the L.

the palm branch, in the raised row a wreath.

(Known only from Banduri.) 1

330 Adolf Enron,

A— VIRTVS EQVIT Mars striding r. In the L. that

Shield, in the R. the lance In section T 6

B— VIRTVS Mars standing on the right, the row on the right

Lance supported, the L. rests on the shield" (Not in de Witte). 1

Barbaric imitation of the Oriens Aug. 1

Likewise the Moneta Aug. 1

Dated coins 5

undated 60

Total 65 coins.

YII. Laeliana.

IMP C LAELIANVS P F AVG Bust of the emperor r. with the crown of rays. —VICTORIA AVG Striding Victoria r., in the raised L. one Wreath, in the row a palm branch. 2

VIII Yictorinus.

Vf. chest. of the emperor right, with radiant crown.

A: IMP C PI VICTORINVS AVG

B: IMP C VICTORINVS P F AVG

C: IMP C PI AV VICTORINVS P F AVG

D: DIVO VICTORINO PIO

A — AEQ VITAS AVG Standing Aequitas 1. ; in the R.

Dare, in the L. Cornucopia.

Made of better metal and thicker than the big one

plural; the image of the emperor to that of Marin

more or less similar. 5

B — Likewise. 1

B— AETERNII AVG Sol 1., in the L. a ball, in

the R.? In the field III. Semi-barbaric. (Not at

de Witte.) 1

The husband's fund. 33]

B — COMES AVG Standing Victoria L, in the raised

R. wreath, in the L. palm branch. 2

C— FIDES MILITVM Standing Fides v., head 1.,

a standard in each hand. Of better

metal. 5

B— INVICTVS Sol stepping 1. ; the R. raised, in the

L. the goat. In the field 1. * 140

Barbarianized. 3

B — PAX AVG Standing Pax 1st; in the raised R.

Branch, in the L. Scepter. In the field 1. V, r. * 124 Without letters in the field, small and crude. 6

Barbarianized. 1

C — Likewise; of better metal and heavier than that

Plural. 6

B— PI ET AS AVG Standing Pietas 1. ; the R. over one

1. holding the altar next to her, in the L. a

box. 77

B — PROVIDENTIA AVG Standing Providentia 1., in

the R. a staff, in the L. the cornucopia. 163

Likewise, in field 1. XV 1 1 1

B — SALVS AVG Standing Hygieia after 1., next to her

1. an altar. The L. supported on a scepter, the

R. holds a patent from which a snake eats. 111 Barbarianized. 2

B— SALVS AVG Standing Hygieia 1.; on the r. Poor

lies the snake to which it is held out to eat in the L. 69 B— [SP]ES PVBLIC[A Standing Spes r., in the R. one

Flower, with which L. grasps the robe. 1

B — VICTORIA AVG Victoria 1st, winged. In the R

Wreath, in the L. Palm branch. 5

B— VIRTVS AVG Mars standing right, the L. on the shield,

the R. supported on the lance. 133

Likewise, but Mars 1. 1

Magazine for NunlraMtlk. VII. 23

332 Aiiulf Kruisii,

Consecration coins. D-CONSECRATIO. Eagle right, sitting at the ball,

the head 1. : a wreath in the beak. D — INV]1CT[VS Soi as above. (Not with de Witte.) D— PROVIDENTIA AVG Providentia as above.

-SAL.VS AVG Hygieia as above. Not with de Witte.) Victorinus' own coins 857 Consecration coins b

Total 862 pieces. IX. Mario's. Vf. A:1MPC MARIVS P F AVG head of Mariua r, with rays. B:IMP C M AVR MARIVS AVG Likewise. A-CONCORDIA MILITVM Two hands. 1

B — VICTORIA AVG Victoria striding 1. In the L.

Palm branch, in the raised R. Wreath. 6

This. outcry Victoria r. In the L. palm branch, in the

raised R. wreath. 1

B — VIRTVS AVG Mars 1. standing, in the L. the lance,

the K. placed on the sign. 1

9 pieces in total. X. Tetricus pater et fllins.

i,W^:

[IMP]P TETRICS AVGG The heads of the two tetri- cus r. — Petitioner PAX AVG Pax 1. standing, in the 11. a branch, the L. trimmed to the scepter.

The discovery of C&ttenes. 333

XI. Tetrlcus pater.

Vf. Bust of the emperor right, with the crown of rays. ArIMP C TETRICVS P F AVG B:IMP TETRICVS P F AVC C:IMP TETRICVS P F AVG D:IMP C C P ESV TETRICVS AVG E:IMP C C P ESVVIVS TETRICVS AVG (Very rare.)

A — COMES AVG Victoria standing 1, in the raised position

R. a wreath, in the L. a palm branch. 358

Likewise, small pieces of raw factory and yellowish

Copper. 3

D(*) — TIA AVG Felicitas standing 1. In the L.

a cornucopia, in the R. the caduceus. Banduri cites a similar piece with FELICITAS AVG Probably Laetitia Aug. with the type of Felicitas, similar to a Pietas above in Gaul Aug. with the Providentia typus. 1

C — FIDES MILITVM Standing Fides 1. In each hand

a field mark. 84

B— Likewise. 18

D— Likewise. 12

E — Likewise. 1

Barbari sirt. 3

A— FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna standing 1. In the L. a cornucopia, the R. placed on the wheel. bar baric. 1

A— H ILARITAS AVGG Hilaritas 1. standing. In the L

the cornucopia, in the R. a branch. 34

B— Likewise. 1541

B— LAETITIA AVGG Laetitia 1. standing. In the L

a rudder, in the R. a wreath. 1004

A— Likewise. 27

23»

334 A dolf Erman,

B — LAETITIA AVG N Same type. 134

Likewise, barbaric. 1 A— MARS VICTOR Mars walking r. In the R. one

Lance, in the L. a trophy. 7 A— MONETA AVG Moneta 1. In the R. the balance, in

the L. a cornucopia. Barbaric. 1 A — PAX AVG Pax standing 1. The L. on a scepter

supported, in the R. a branch. 1131

Barbaric imitations. 14

A — PVAX AVG (she). Same type (not barbaric). 4

A— PIETAS AVGVST The sacrificial vessels. Barbaric. 2 A— PRINC IVVENT Young man 1. standing, the L. up the scepter supported, in the R. a bowl from the

he libertates. 71 A — SALVS AVGG Standing Hygieia 1. ; in the L. one Anchor, in the R. a bowl from which a snake

eats. Next to her is an altar. 318

B— Likewise. 13

Barbaric. 1 A— SPES PVBLICA Spes 1. standing. In the R. one

Flower, the L. lifts the robe. 289

B — Likewise. 1

D— Likewise. 2

Barbaric imitations. 5

A — VICTORIA AVG Walking Victoria 1. In the R.

a wreath, in the L. a palm branch. 90

D— Likewise. 3

Barbaric imitations, 5 A— VIRTVS AVGG Mars 1. standing. The R. on that

Shield placed, in the L. the lance. 1115

Barbaric imitations with no recognizable model. 2

Coins without Rf. 27

Total: 6313 pieces.

The find from C&ttenec. 335

XII. Tetricus Alias.

Vf. Bust of Caesar right, with crown of rays.

A:C PIV ESV TETRICVS CAES B:C P E TETRICVS CAES

A— COMES AVG Striding Victoria 1. In the R.

a wreath, in the L. a palm branch. 158

A — COMES AVG N Same type. Barbaric. 1 A— [LAETITI]A AVGG Laetitia 1. standing. In the R

a wreath, in the L. an anchor. 3 A— NOBIUTAS AVGG Nobilitas r. standing. In the L

a ball that R. supported on a scepter. 3 A — PAX AVG Standing Pax 1. A branch on the row,

the L. supported on a scepter. 156

B— PIETAS AVGG The sacrificial vessels. It7

A — Likewise. 3

A— PIETAS AVGVSTOR The same type. 109

B — Likewise. 35

Barbaric imitations. 9 A— PRINC IVVENT The Caesar 1. The L. begins

Scepter supported, in the R. a bowl on the he

libirts. 1 73

Likewise, in the L. a field symbol, in the R. the bowl. 2

Likewise, in the R. a standard, in the L. the lance. 2 A— SPES AVGG Spes 1. ; in the R. a flower, the L.

lifts the robe. 1548

A — SPES PVBLICA Same type. 892

Barbaric imitation. 8 A— VIRTVS AVGG Mars 1., in the L. the ounce, the

R. placed on a sign. 1

Coins without reverse. 17

Total: 3237 pieces.

336

Adolf Ennan,

XIII. Claudio's Gothicns. Vf. A:IMP CLAVDIVS AVG Head of the Emperor r.

with radiant crown.

B:IMP C CLAVDIVS AVG Bust of the Kai sers r. with radiant crown.

C:IMP CLAVDIVS P F AVG Bust portrait of Kaiser's r. with radiant crown.

D-.IMP CLAVDIVS CAES AVG Bust portrait of Kaiser's r. with radiant crown.

E:DIVO CLAVDIO Head of the Emperor r. with Radiation crown.

269 BC. B — P M TR P II COS P P The Emperor 1st, in the R.

a branch, in the L. a scepter across. A(f) — This. outcry (?) The emperor r., in the L. the world^

ball, in the R. a scepter across. In the field r. A

B — AEQVITAS AVG Standing Aequitas L, in the L. a cornucopia, in the R. the scales.

Likewise, raw factory and small.

Likewise, barbaric. B, head. - This. outcry and type.

Likewise, small pieces of raw factory. A—This. outcry and type. A bust portrait. - As well.

A bust portrait. — Likewise, in the field r. II A — Likewise, in the field r. T

A — Likewise, in the field r. 9 A bust portrait. - As well.

10

t

17 5 1 3 9 1 2

3

1

8 2

C—This. outcry and type. In section p

Husband's find it. 337

A bust portrait. — AETERNIT AVG Sol standing 1st, the R.

raised, in the L. the globe. In the field 1. N 2

Likewise. In the field r. N2

Likewise. In section N 1

A — Likewise. 1 B— ANNONA AVG Standing Annona 1st, the right. foot sitting on the prow of a ship, in the L.

the cornucopia, in the hanging row a branch. 12

A — Likewise. Small pieces of raw factory. 10

A - Bust portrait. — Likewise in the field r. A15

B head. - As well. 1 A — APOLLINI CONS Apollo standing 1st, the L. on one Laying a tripod with a branch in the R. In the field

r. H2 B head. — FELICITAS AVG Felicitas standing 1st, in

the L. a Füllborn, in the R. a long caduceus. 4

B— Likewise. 3

A — Likewise. 6

A — Likewise. In the field r. B5

B— Likewise. 2 D — FELICITAS SAECVLI This type. .Incomplete

at Cohen.) 1 C — FELIC TENPO Felicitas standing 1st, the L. on the Scepter trimmed, in the R. the caduceus. In the ab- cut T Thicker than usual. 10 B- FIDES EXERCI Fides standing 1. On the row

Field symbol, in the L. a second oblique. 17

A — Likewise. 2

A — Likewise, r. in field XI 11

B— Likewise. 3 C — FIDES MILIT Fides standing 1st, one in each hand

Field symbols. In section S 11

Likewise, in the field r. € Small pieces of raw factory. 2

338 Adolf Erman,

A— FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna standing 1st, which L. holds the cornucopia, the R. the rudder, which is on the

Globe stands. In the field r. Z2

Likewise, without letters in the field. 1

Likewise, small and raw. 1

C— FORTVNAE RED. Same type. In section S 2

A — FORTVNA RED Same type. I B— GENIVS AVG Genius 1., in the R. Patera, in the L.

Cornucopia. Next to him is an altar. 8

A — Likewise. Small and raw. 2

A bust portrait. - As well. Small and raw. 1

A — Likewise, in the field r. T3

Likewise, small and raw. 3

B — Likewise. 3

B head. - As well. 2 B— GENIVS EXERCI Genius 1., in the R. Patera, in

the L. cornucopia. 19

A bust portrait. - As well. 3

A — Likewise. L. in the field 5 1

A — Likewise. R. in field Z 5

B head. - As well. 1 B — IOVI ST ATORI Jupiter 1st, head turned; the

R. leans on the scepter, the L. holds the lightning bolt. 12 B — IOVI VICTORI Juppiter 1. The row holds the lightning bolt,

the L. supported on the scepter. 23

A — Likewise. Rawer factory. 3

A—This. outcry and type. In the field 1. N 1

A — Likewise. In the field r. N6

B — Likewise. 5

B Bust portrait. - As well. 2 A small bust portrait. — LAETITIA AVG Laetitia standing

1., in the L. a cornucopia, in the R. a wreath. 4

The Found ven Cttteoe». 339

A small bust portrait. - As well. In the field r. I9

A the bust is very small. - As well. 1

A bust portrait. - As well. In the field r. P1

A bust portrait. - This. outcry Laetitia standing 1st, in the R. a wreath, the L. placed on the wheel. In

Fields r. I.1

A— Likewise. In field 1. X, in field r. II1

A— Likewise. In the field r. XII 1

A — Likewise. In Section XII 1

B— UBERALITAS AVG Standing LiberaUtas 1. In the

L. a cornucopia, in the R. a tessera. 8

B— LIBERT AVG Standing Libertas 1st; in the R. the Freedom cap, the L. leaning on the scepter.

Some small and raw. 8

A — Likewise. Raw. 4

B — Likewise. In the field r. X4

A — Likewise. 5

B— MARS VLTOR Mars r. striding, in the R. the

Lance, in the L. a trophy. 10

B — Exactly. In the field r. H1

A— Likewise. 9

A— Bust portrait. — MART[1 PACIF] Mars L; in the L. the lance, in the raised row a branch. In Fields r. X Small and raw. 1

C— ORIENS AVG Sol r., head turned. The R. raised, in the L. the globe. In the ab- cut P 2

C — PAX AVG Pax 1. striding, in the raised JR. a branch, in the L. across a scepter. In the ab- cut T. More carefully embossed than usual. 16

A bust portrait. - As well. 1

340 Adolf Erman,

A bust portrait. - This. outcry Pax standing 1. In the first R. raised the branch, in the L. the seepter across.

In the field 1. II 2

Likewise, without letters in the field. 2

A — Likewise. Small and raw factory. 4

A bust portrait. - This. outcry and the same type, only

that the seepter is level. In section P 3

A— PAX AVGVSTI Pax 1. standing; in the R. the branch,

in the L. a seepter across. In field 1. A 2

Likewise. In the field r. A1

C — PAX EXERCI This type. In section T good

Factory. 3

A bust portrait. — PROVID AVG Providentia standing L;

in the L. a cornucopia, in the R. a staff, with

which she points to the globe. 1

A—This. outcry This type, but the first arm rests

a pillar. 3

C—This. outcry Providentia 1. standing; in the R. one

Stick with which she points to the globe, the L.

supported on a seepter. In section T. 1

A bust portrait. - PROVIDEN AVG Providentia 1. ; in the

L. Cornucopia, in the R. Stab. 3

A— PROVIDENT AVG Providentia 1.; in the R. one

Staff, the L. supported on the seepter. In the field

r. 9 5

A—This. outcry Providentia 1., in the R. a staff,

in the L. which rests on a pillar, the cornucopia. 6 B — Likewise. 20

B— Likewise. In the field r. XII 2

A — Likewise. 1

C — SALVS AVG Aesculap 1. standing, the row on one

Supported by a staff with a snake winding around it.

In section P 1

The discovery of CiUenes. 341

B—This. outcry Salus standing 1. On the row a patera, ans who eats a snake, the L. on a scepter supported. 8

A— SECVRIT AVG Seenritas standing 1. The 1st arm lies on a pillar, in the R. a scepter. In Section XI 2

Likewise. In the field r. XI 1

A bust portrait. - As well. 1

A bust portrait. — SPES AVG Spes 1. standing. In the R a flower that lifts L.'s robe. In the field 1. I Almost all pieces of the Spes type are of good quality Factory. 4

Likewise. In the field 1. II 2

Likewise. In the field r. II1

B — SPES PVBLICA. This type. 5

C — Likewise. In section P 13

A bust portrait. — TEMPORVM FELI Felicitas 1. standing; in the L. a cornucopia, in the R. a long one Caduceus. t

Likewise. In the field r. P1

A bust portrait. — VBE RITAS] AVG Ubertas 1. standing. In the L. a cornucopia, in the R. a grape. In Fields r. T1

Likewise. In the field r. Q1

B — VICTORIA AVG — Victoria 1st standing. In the R

a wreath, in the L. a palm branch. 18

B— Likewise. In field 1. A 7

B head. - As well. 2

A — Likewise. 2

A bust portrait. - As well. 1

342

Adolf Eraun,

Äff) — Likewise. In the field 1. Z 1

C— VICTORIA AVG Victoria striding r. In the B a wreath, in the L. a palm branch. In Section P. From good factory. 10

A bust portrait. - As well. In the field r. T2

A — Likewise. In section r 1

A bust portrait. - This. outcry and type; barbaric. 1

A bust portrait. - This. outcry Victoria striding 1st in

«

the R. a wreath, the L. a palm branch.

In the field 1. II 1

A — VICTOR M Victoria 1. standing between two

sitting prisoners; the R. on a shield

legend. 1

C— VIRTVS AVG Mars striding r. In the B. one

Lance, in the L. a trophy. In section P 7 A bust portrait. - This. outcry Mars standing 1. The R.

resting on the shield, the L. on the lance

supported. 1

Likewise. In field 1. a star. 1

Likewise. In the field r. II1

Likewise. In field 1 a star, in field r. II5

A— Likewise. In the field r. B6

B—This. outcry Mars standing 1st, next to him a shield.

The L. supported on the lance, in the R. a branch.

Almost all coins of this type are minted rough. 18 A — Likewise. In the field r. €10

B Bust portrait. - As well. In the field 1. 3 4

A — Likewise. In the field 1. € 1

Of poor preservation.

E— CONSECRATIO Burning altar. As well. Small raw pieces.

10 20

The Cattenes find. 343

E— This. On very. Standing eagle 1. turning his head. 8 Likewise. Small and raw. 19

E— LAETITIA AVG Laetitia standing 1. On the row.

a wreath, the L. holds a rudder. In the field r.

XII Raw Factory. (Known only to Banduri.) 2

Dated coins 11

Undated 648

Consecration coins 59

Total: 718 pieces.

XIY. QulntiUos.

Vf. Bust of the emperor r. with radiant crown.

A: IMP QVINTILLVS AVG

B: IMP C M AVR CL QVINTILLVS AVG

B — AETERNIT AVG Sol standing 1st, R. raised,

in the L. the globe. In the field 1. N 1

B— APOLLINI CONS Apollo standing 1st, the L. up

laying a tripod with a branch in the row. In

Section H 2

Likewise. In the field r. H2

B— CONCORDIA AVG Coneordia standing 1. In the L.

a cornucopia, in the R. a patera; next to her r.

an altar. In the field r. A5

B — CONCOR D EXERC Coneordia 1. standing, in each

Hand a field symbol. 1

A — Likewise. In section T 2

B— FIDES MILITVM Fides standing 1. On the row

Field symbol, in the L. a scepter. In the field r. €2 A — FIDES MILIT Fides standing 1st, one in each hand

Field symbols. In section S 3

344

Adolf He man.

B — FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna 1. standing. In the L

a cornucopia, in the R. the rudder, which is on the

Globe stands. As well. In the field r. Z A— FORTVNAE RED This type without a globe.

In section p B — LAETITIA AVG Laetitia 1. standing, in the L. one

Wreath, the R. placed on a rudder. In Section XI I Likewise. In the field r. XII A — MARTI PACI Mars striding 1st, in the raised

R. a branch, in the L. the lance. In the ab- cut P B — MARTI PACIF Mars walking 1st; in the raised

R. a branch, in the L. shield and lance. In

Fields 1. X B — PAX AE*" # * • Pax standing 1. A branch on the row,

in the L. a scepter. In field 1. N (Not at

Cohen.) B— PROVIDENT AVG Providentia I. standing. In the

L. a scepter. A staff in the row, next to her

globe. In the field r. 9 B— SECVRIT AVG Securitas standing 1. In the R. a

Scepter, the first arm trimmed onto a column. In

Fields r. XI B-TEMPORVM FELI Felicitas 1. standing. In the L

the cornucopia, in the R. a long caduceus. B — VICTORIA AVG Victoria r. striding; in the L.

a palm branch, in the row a wreath. In the ab- cut r Likewise. Without letters in the section. B — VIRTVS AVG Mars standing 1. In the L. a lance,

the R. placed on the shield. In the field B

1

2

1

Total: 43 pieces.

The discovery of Cattene*. 345

XV. Aurelianns.

Vf. IMP AVRELIANVS AVG Bust portrait of

Kaiser's r.

CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor and female figure themselves reaching out the hand; the emperor r. the woman 1. Im Section S 1

CONCORDIA MI LIT Concordia sitting 1. In each hand

a field mark. 1

DACIA FELIX Dacia 1. standing, in the R. a scepter

with the so-called donkey head. In section S 1

FORT VN A REDVX Fortuna sitting 1. In the L. that

Cornucopia, in the R. the rudder. Next to her r. a Wheel. In section *P 2

Likewise in section T 1

MARTI PACI Mars standing 1. On the raised row one

Branch, in the L. a lance. 1

PAX AVGV[STI Pax walking 1. In the raised row. a branch, in the L. a scepter. In the field star. 1

PIETAS AVG Emperor 1st and his co-regent ') r. on one

Sacrificing at the altar. In section S 1

RESTITVTOR ORIENTIS The Emperor in War dress 1., the L. supported on the lance. In front of him a woman r. handing him a wreath. In the ab- cut *S 2

VICTORIA AVG Victoria striding 1. In the L. one Palm branch, in the R. a wreath. In the ab- cut? 1

1) See magazine for Nuraism. II, p. 252.

346 A doH Erm*n, The Cattenes find.

VIRTVS MILITVM Aurelian standing 1st, in the L. the Globe, in the R. a scepter. In front of him his fellow Regent 1., who holds the lance diagonally in the L., and with which R. presented the emperor with a Victoria. In section T 2

14 pieces in total.

XYL Undeterminable.

Coins without Vf. probably mostly the two

Tetricns belonging. 28

Adolf Erman.

Marius and Victorinus.

v.

I had a great time in arranging the discovery of Cattenes attached to the usual assumption according to which the Gallic emperors followed each other in the following way:

Postumus - LaeliantiB - Victorinus - Marius - Tetricas. This assumption, which is based on the sole zengniz of the Trebellin's Pollio is taken aback, but stands by what is happening Coins can be closed, in contradiction. They are them Coins the Postumus of better, silver-containing metal, that of Laeliann the like.

that of Marius the like.

that of Victorinus with a head similar to Marina same: on the other hand are those of Victorinus with his own head made of pure weavers and completely similar in rawness to the factory the coins of Tetricus. Accordingly, one would go to the mint zen, if there was no historical news, necessary in a sequence:

Postumus - LaelianuB - Marius - Victorinus - Tetricus have to close.

ZtltKbrift for Nnmlrmnlk. VII. 24

348 Adolf He man,

Mr. Dr. von Sallet has now in the last volume of this time- proposed an ingenious solution to this difficulty. He assumes that the coins with the Mary's head are after the Assassination of Victorinus by the party of Victoria, the mother of the murdered emperor, to whom Marina owes his elevation should have been beaten - perhaps for the sake of the people to gradually get used to the image of the new emperor. With this one Of course, it remains unclear why one should do such a thing Purposes not only the image of Marius himself, but also all kinds of gradations in the portrait up to the real Victo rinuskopfe has related. And it also remains incomprehensible the coin metal, which was already in use during the reign of Victorinus down to the pure copper of the Tetricus coins was, in the confusion after his death, back to better Billon should have become. Meanwhile, if the history of the Gallic Emperors, as they are usually depicted, on firm feet, so we would have to resort to this explanation. Dem is but not like that. Rather, the sparse fractures also speak pieces of historical tradition that we possess, like mine seems to be decidedly in favor of the order of Marius Victorinus, which we deduced from the coins above.

The story of the Gallic emperors from the end of the reign ation of the Postumus is based on infinitely poor sources, essentially based on Aurelias Victor, Eutropius and Trebellius Pollio. What they give is the following:

I. Aur. Vict.Caess. c. 33: After Postumus throws a device Man's idea rejected, L. Aelianus was outraged. After his defeat, Postumus refused to let the soldiers the sack of Mainz and was killed by them.

He was followed by Marius, who was murdered after 2 days.

This Victorinus, who after 2 years was killed by a know that Attitianus was killed out of private revenge. His

Marina and Victorinas. 349

Matter Victoria bought the legions with gifts and made Tetricus emperor.

II. The so-called Epitome Aur. Vict. mentioned c. 32 poses rn us as emperor in Gaul, Aelianus as emperor in Mainz, c. 34 Victorina's accession to the throne at the time of Claudius, c. 35 the Tetricus.

m. Eutrop. Brev. IX } 9 — 10: When Lollianus M opposes After Postumus was outraged, he refused to let the soldiers the sack of Mainz and was killed by them. He was followed by Marius, who was murdered after 2 days. This Victorinus, who after 2 years out of private revenge was killed. Then the soldiers chose the senator Tetricus, which had previously administered Spain, and was not present on the Rhine.

IV. Orosius VII, 22: Postumus fell in the soldiers' revolt. At Mainz had rebelled against Aemilianus. Victorinus became elected emperor, but soon killed; Tetricus followed him.

V. Trebett. Pollio, trig. tyr.: Lollianus had opposed Postumus outraged (c. 5); at his instigation this became murdered (c. 3) and himself made emperor by the Gauls chosen (c. 4). After Postumus' death, a Germanic idea instead (c. 5). Lollianus was murdered

1) by his soldiers who were tired of entrenching work

.2) by Victorinus (c. 5).

After the murder of Lollian, Victorinus stayed in the rule (c. 6), the Postumus a share in the government had conceded (c. 6). It became personal revenge he was murdered in Cologne (c. 6).

1) This is what the manuscripts and the translation of detCapito. The Lucius Aelianus of the Hsrtelscfcen Eutrop edition is only based on the translation of Paeanius came into the text.

24*

350 AäoH Erman,

\

After the assassination of Victorinus, the following reigned:

1) Marina for 3 days (c. 8). Vitruvia or Vic toria Augusta, mother of Victorinus, welcomed him choose (c. 5).

2) Tetricns, a senator. Victoria chose him (c. 25).

As you can see, everything is correct until Laelian's death Sources essentially agree. Aurelias then leave Victor and Eutrop first the ephemeral government of Marius, then the two years of Victorinus, then that of Tetricnus, to whom the mother of Victorinus to the throne, followed, and also Pollio gives c. 25 quite correctly the Tetricns as the successor of Victorinus. But before that (c. 8) he pushes Marius between them, to whom he then acts as the successor of the Vic- torinus of course also like the Tetricns from the mother of the first helped the murdered emperor to the throne (c. 5). Such Contradictions and errors are not uncommon for him, as is the case with a writer who boasts about himself, he dictate his work so quickly that he hardly has time to breathe take, is only too understandable. Since he is now in this case also yourself c. 25 gives a denial and the other sources len completely match, it is difficult to refer to his auto- rity to give a lot. Th. Bernhardt is also correct recognized (History of Rome from Valerian to Diocletian Th. 1 p. 95 ff.). He just thinks he has to assume that Victorinus has already ruled at the same time as Marius, since he was co-regent of the was Postumus. I'm afraid it's also about these fellow regency, which only Pollio knows about, does not for the best. There is not a trace of the same on the coins to prove. Because if Bernhardt (p. 91) points out that sam makes that individual legions that are on the coins of the Gallienus also occur on those of Victorinus

Marint and Victorimu. 35}

If you think you can find it, that only proves that the same ones are in the In the meantime they had passed over to the Gallic Empire, but not that it was Victorinns who brought them to him!

So we can probably also do it because of the writers assume as certain that Laelianns Marios Victorinas Tetricas ruled one after the other and in this order, and with this you can also explain all of their appearances Coins in the most natural way. The Victorina coins with The Mariaskopf are the first of his government rank, za one time when the image of the new emperor was still known was. The previous one was still used for the time being and only modified it a little based on hearsay - a discovery Appearance that was so common with the imperial coins of this time is that it does not require any further evidence. And since those mouths zen belong at the beginning of his governmental rank, that is also the case better metal of the same understandable. Postamas, Laelianns, Marius had coined Billon, Victorinas also changed first nothing about it; then the necessity of the time forced him to abandon the metal to be reduced to mere Kapfer, and Tetricus also kept this Introduction of course.

Adolf-Erman.

+ y

Apollo and Philoctetes on a coin from Lamia.

Under the title Beattributions, Mr. Percy Gardner has published in Numismatic Chronicle N. S. Volume XVITI page 261 some inter- essential comments were made, first of all, about the particular knew gold coin with old Ionian inscription, Mr. Librarian Dr. Fränkel in the Archaeological Newspaper 1879 page 27 replied succinctly.

The second article concerns the coin of. repeated here Lamia, which I mentioned in the Coin Cabinet's annual report for 1877 until 1878 p. 16 had shown. Mr. Gardner says he can my designation of the types: Apollo and Philoctetes, not take.

He believes this coin belongs to the Diadochi period Show this in style. A judgment about the age of a coin if it is based solely on the style, is subjective, and on The building, the Lord, rests on this narrow base of the style Gardner built. I cannot agree with his judgment true, it seems to me that the coin was minted around £30 BC.

I would have declared the head to be Apollo, he says, “despite that Earrings«. But I said something different, namely: there safe Apollo head on a coin from Amphipolis the earrings

J. Friedender, Apollo and Philoctetes in a coin by Limit. 353

the earring could not prevent Apollo from being seen here too. know, and the hairstyle necessary, the head for a man keep your eyes open.

He continues that this head has a royal diadem; I er- widre, he wears a taenia; the difference is known to exist in that the tiara has ribbons hanging down at the back; these There are no ribbons here, it is a taenia, like gods and heroes carry them, Apollo also often appears in the older minds paint.

Despite his short hair, Mr. Gardner holds his head for female, and the Taenia for a tiara. And since the slide which only appears under the Diadochi, he concludes The head is the courtesan Lamia, the lover and wife of the devil. metrius Poliorcetes. He more than recognizes her in this head thirty years old and her sensual character. The equal name caused the city of Lamia, the courtier Lamia, to flatter Demetrius into depicting them on their coins- put. But even if you take into account all these clever hypotheticals theses wanted to admit, one can believe that the beloved and Wife of a king would have been portrayed as a courtier? would Didn't they portray her as a queen?

Just like me, all the prerequisites of this hypothesis: the age of the coin, the diadem, the femininity of the head, the hetaera character of the face cannot be admitted, as well I can also portray King Deme in the figure on the other side. Trius cannot be recognized. I had this man for Philoctetes explains that Mr. Gardner considers him an “unmistakable” hero. kles, in which King Demetrius can be recognized; This figure shows that the king serves the artist as a model Heracles sat (there is in the figure quite the air of one who is sitting for a portrait).

It seems to me that the slimness and the dress den Heracles makes it unlikely that the kind like that

354 J» FriedUender, Apollo and Philoctetes on a coin from Lamia.

Man holds the bow on his lap and looks at it This ThesBalian coin for the Thessalian Philoctetes Heirs of the Bow of Heracles, very fitting. And now there Philoktetes is not, as Mr. Gardner says, the more common one Type of the coins from Lamia, but on one which I have pnblicized *) , occurs. so it certainly stands to reason that the same hero also on the silver coins of the same city Lamia is shown. So I think Philoctetes too the reverse side as well as the Apollo head on the front side were correctly recognized to have. The relationships between the two are known.

The third article concerns small gold coins from Rhodes with a female head crowned with rays. Mr. Gardner says this head was previously thought to be Helios, alone It's been around for a long time, already in the first edition of the book Coin Cabinet, has been referred to as Aphrodite, and it is there said, you might think of the Rhodes, which Although usually the daughter of Poseidon and Halia, but also of Helios and Aphrodite; and it is there further said, as the daughter of Helios, the rays would come to her appropriate. The rays are common in Bhodos, also a Ivy-wreathed head on bronze coins has rays.

Our author sees in the head crowned with rays small gold coins the Alektrona or Electryona, an indefinite knew deity which was mentioned in a Rhodian inscription will. I can't follow this either, but had just to prove that this head has long been considered a female was recognized.

1) Archaeological newspaper N. F. 1871 8. 79. The kneeling or standing one Heroes depicting a bird on coins from Lamia and other Thessalians or killed several with the bow, Mr. Gardner seems to think it was Philoctetes, It is certainly Heracles with the Stymphalian birds.

J. Friedlaender.

The Rathstube coin find.

On the Rathstube domain of the Gdansk administrative district a discovery has been made which was confirmed by the expert Royal attention. Government in Danzig for subordination search came to the museum. It consists of 1) one Ooklstange, probably part of a neck ring; the one received End is thicker, as is the case with open neck rings (torques). to be cultivated; 2) made of a small square partially gilded a silver plate that belonged to some kind of ornament; 3) from 22 gold coins, Solidi, from the fifth century. They belong to both parts of the Roman Empire. The west Half is represented by the Emperor Placidius Valenti nianus III. 425-455 (1 Solidus), Anthemius 467-472 (1), Julius Nepos474 (1). The eastern: by Theodosius II. 408-450 (9;, Leo I 457—474 (8), Leon, and Zeno 474 (1), Basiliscus 476 (1).

The find goes back to the year 476, while the well-known large finds by Klein Tromp near Braunsberg up to 455. Without a doubt, this new one is touching The rest are not that rare in our Baltic Sea countries Finds of Roman gold coins from the amber trade.

The coins of the western half of the empire are in Ravenna Mediolanum and Arelate (Arles), those of the eastern mostly in Constantinople, some in Thessalonice.

There is no need for a description, the coins are all were well known, the majority common, only the following are rare. A solidus of Leo I as consul, with his bread

356 J* Friedlaender, The Ton Rathstube Coin Fund.

picture to the left, volume and cross in the hands; also on the On the other side he is depicted as a consul, enthroned, from the front; in Section says THSOB, which is Thessalonice and 72 (the solidarity dns is V?2 of the gold pound).

Also the Solidns of Julius Nepos with A R on the side of the standing Victoria is rare, Leo's II with it is even rarer Name of his father Zeno, and both emperors on the sweep side, the boy sits at the father's right, in the upper position. On the other side of the solidus of Anthemius are two emperors together the globe with the cross on it, namely- lich Anthemius and Leo I. On another they reach out both men's hands, but one alone holds the world- ball, the second has his hand empty and stands between them PAX. This representation, which points to the relationship between the two Emperor Leo I and Anthemius does not fit, makes one believe that Here Anthemius and Bicimer are represented, as I do in mine Document about the Vandal coins p. 53.

J. Friedlaender.

'S

A Messapian coin.

Addendum.

About a ruby coin, the knowledge of which belongs to Mr. Jatta in Ruvo is reported on page 183 of this volume been. The wish expressed there that Mr. Jatta present a good illustration, instead of the imperfect wooden one cut and the even more imperfect impression on which based on my reading, he kindly complied by saying that Original of this Unicum was sent here for viewing.

Repeated careful examination has shown that the The inscription on the reverse side is H^AAflloC, not entirely regular. moderate letters. The first letter could also be the form £, but the second dash may seem to be accidental Increase, H is often in Messapian, for a K would like I can't hold the letter. The second letter is unclear- lich, maybe a 12 or A The third to last is a bit too a long time coming. This I has high relief, the cross bars which here appear to form t, have no relief at all, but These are probably just discolored areas of the ground. Surely read don't decide here; because when things are always difficult, to determine the reading after a single copy, like this The difficulty increases here because there are no analogies there is, and that the Messapise is the least deciphered among the Italic languages. We have to be patient until Mr. Jatta receives a second copy and tell him

Thank you very much for your communication.

J. Friedlaender.

Unedited coins from the Cretan city of Biennos.

(Translation from Greek. *)

Between the ancient Cretan cities of Hierapytna and Lebena according to the author of the Stadiasmi maris, which were first published by Iriarte 2 ), the city Bienos. »Artb c IeQäg nvdvrjg alg Bierov oxäd. o TtoXldqwv kaxiv a7ro Tf\g tzzqI tov ^Qqv ye~

föjuefijg ßlag tjv ivvav&a qtaoiv anb "ßrov xai 'Etpiakrov xCow

7taLSix)v Ilooeidiüvog, xori [*4xQ l xai v w r ** c E*aTop

The location of this city is influenced by ancient and modern geo- graphene in doubt: the aforementioned anonymous Actographe places it, as we saw above, between Hierapytna and Lebena at an equal distance of seventy furlongs; in the tabula Peutingeriana, however, is twenty Roman miles away Hierapytna and thirty far from the city of Areadia. Finally Hierocles places the city between Hierapytna and Inatos 3 }.

From the more recent scholars, Kramer has the conjecture placed that Biennos near today's Cavo-Sidero,

1) naqvaaaos, issue of June 1879, $. 516 ff.

2) Iriarte, RegUe bibliothecae Matritensis Codices graeci Mss. p. 492.

3) Hierocles, edition of Parthey, 649, 6.