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Zeitschrift für Numismatik, vol. 5 — 1878
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We now return to the investigation interrupted above of the coins back.
1) Cf. Jos. A. J. XIII, G, 6.
2) How to explain this chronological information, which corresponds to another contradicts the same book (cf. Grätz, Gesch. d. Juden 1H 2 p. 48, III 3 8. 5&J, will be examined in the next section.
3) De Saulcy (Rev. arch. 1872 p. 5) reads IntjQttyav and translates accordingly- gemaas permiserunt etc. It is not clear what entitles him to do so neither the manuscripts nor the old translations support such a reading. support. (See Fritzsche's latest edition of the libri apoeryphi V. T., Lipsiae 1871 and Grlmm's exeget. Handbook to the Apocrypha de* A. T. available.)
12*
168 Dr. Engen Merzbactar,
The attainment of full autonomy and the discovery According to the above, the right of coinage to the Jews is pretty much in a time. Now remember that the Shekel after the general judgment of numismatists among the oldest among us Well-known Jewish coins are to be reckoned with, you won't be disinclined to consider them as the first coins which the Jews by virtue of the right to coin money acquired by Antiochus VII defeated, especially since the state's independence, which- our coins presuppose, according to the clear testimony of ours Sources only occur in the time of Simon the Maccabee, to whom it occurs succeeded using the shattered conditions of the time Seleucid Empire, by the respective kings or thrones pretended to make the greatest concessions for himself and his country to force.
The analogous characteristics of the Syrian cities under equal conditions began to support this allocation. We have seen that at the time of Alexander the Great in the cities neighboring Judea no longer have their own money visual positions were *) . At that time it was proven that here as well as in Royal mints were built throughout Alexander's empire which only coins with the image of the king according to Attic. Barrels were minted. This ratio has low Exceptions 2 ] among Alexander's immediate successors continued until the time of Seleucid rule, and even the rule of the Ptolemies, which when coined was one of the Phoenician related coinage standard, there was nothing wrong with that changes.
It is not without reason that this character is described as “formal "royal, materially urban" is referred to as the city name The coins of this type are sometimes only shown in an abbreviated form. give; sometimes only with monograms or coat-of-arms-like additions
1) See above 8. 164.
2) Cf. the above p. 164 according to Brandia, Münzw. Examples given on p. 270.
Studies on ancient Hebrew coins. 169
Signs indicated, but the main types are the same everywhere form was applied.
Erat when the power of the Syrian kings began to decline T did xuerst next to then in place of this dependent coinage in some cities of the Seleucid Empire a freer exercise, by having the image of the Syrian on one side of the coins Kings, on the other one one of the city in question common type with the city name partly in the transcription tbeUs installed in the field. At first this was limited freer, so to speak semi-autonomous, coinage on copper coins; but later, and not before Alexander I. Bala, this was the same in larger cities also extended to silver, whereby at the same time the Attic coin standard that prevailed in the Seleucid Empire was swapped with the ancient Tyrian l).
From the same cities that minted these silver coins, or at least the majority of them can be found even those that have no relation to royal power and in contrast to those who use Seleucid dates can be seen, year numbers show which only apply to one of the cities own era can be interpreted 2). This II genus of Coins, the silver pieces of which are also based on the lyrical coin standard are standardized, are autonomous and younger than those of the first genus, which I called semi-autonomous.
1) See Mionnet, Descr. V, 8. 36 No. 316 ff. Suppl. VIII, p. 29 No. 156 ff. ; V, 8. 46 No. 394ff. Suppl. VIII, p. 34 no. 179ff.; V, p. 53 no. 469ff. Suppl. VIII, 8. 41 No. 213 ff.; V, p. 63 No. 547 ff. Suppl. VIII, p. 48 No. 252 ff.; V, 8. 72 No. 631 ; 8. 77 No. 682 ff.; Suppl. VIII, 58 No. 299 ff. ; V, p. 85 no. 768; 8. 88 No. 772 ff.; p. 93, no. 820 ff.; Suppl. VIII, p. 67 no. 346; V, p. 99 No. 880 ff.
2) Here especially the coins of the cities of Seleokia (Mionnet, Descr. V, 272 No. 844 ff. Suppl. VIII, 186 No. 279 ff.), Sidon (Mionnet a. a. 0. V, 367 No. 192*. Suppl. VIII, 263 No. 106 ff.). Tire (Mionnet ibid. V, 409 No. 471 ff. 8*ppl. VIII, 296 No. 274 ff.), Ascalon (Mionnet a. a. 0. V, 523 No. 38 ff. Suppl. VIII, 366 No. 23ff., de Saulcy, Num. de la Terre Sainte p. 178 ff.).
Daily the coins clay Antioch, Apamea, Laodicea, Tripoli and other ^tMten this area.
170 Dr. Eugen Merzbacher,
So, if this time determination is correct, we can Among the cities of the Seleucid Empire, one was in decline follow the coinage that keeps pace with the same, which in the surrounding inverse relation to the strength of the royal power. During the vigorous reign of Alexander the Great and of his immediate successors, the coinage is entirely in the hand of the royal authorities, who governed them according to the law Let us guide the only applicable Attic Mttnz foot. As the Ptole Lemäer extended their rule to these areas, a change, but only insofar as the Ptolemaic coinage foot, which as noted was very close to the lyrical, for the Attic introduced and the coin types of Alexander the Great by which the Ptolemies were displaced. Only in the last one At the time of Ptolemaic rule, this coinage seems to have taken place to have been transferred from royal to municipal authorities without But the shape of the coins changes! ). A change The form was first used under Antiochus IV, initially in copper, and finally since Alexander I. Bala also noticed silver. increase. So it begins right at the time when the... Power of the Syrian kings in other areas and on some whose areas begin to go backwards and gain Extent just as the first opposing king appears. Finally, after- which the Syrian throne disputes have been going on since Antiochus VIII. had declared, so to speak, in permanence, the last one also falls Barrier and in place of the seemingly royal stamp
1) The timing of the Ptolemaic coins is known to be very variable. In the above I follow Huber (whose journal, vol. II, p. 404 ff.), who describes the coins with the Soterkopf and the dates TTH, TT0, S, PA and PB as from Phoenician Prague in the years 199 - 181 BC. BC emerged. But there the Phoenician cities at this time- no longer under Ptolemaic rule if the localization and time determination is correct, These coins must be minted on the cities' own authority. It should be noted that that one of these coins with the date PA from the* Tauber collection — now in my father's possession - shows carved phonic letters (cf. Friedlaender in this. Magazine Vol. III, p. 44). —
Studies on ancient Hebrew coins. ]7{
In some larger cities the purely autonomous character is present introduced its own aerate name.
Now compare the shekels with those just described Both types of urban silver coins, it follows that they especially with regard to style, as Poole did (above p. 155 asf. place) noticed the coins of the first type (the half- autonomous) come very close while in their capacity as autonomous silver coins with the coins of the second Type and in relation to the weight base with both types stir.
The weight base of the Shekel and the Syrian cities- littnien agrees completely, with particular attention being paid to is worth that in the character of the Syrian cities the same in which the Sekel contains the silver piece of around 7 grams as the smallest Coin unit must have prevailed, as so-called drachmas This barrel is extremely rare among these coins *) .
As noted, the autonomous silver coins have epochal years stated. Do you now also want to know the exact time? point from which these years are to be calculated, in Un- Being certain (cf. above p. 164 note 3) is getting worse do not deny from previous observations that the input management of this apparently autonomous annual accounting in the Syrian cities in an intimate connection stands with the exercise of the completely autonomous silver coinage (cf. Stark, Gaza p. 473). The same is with the Sekels the case; the conclusion, the. to draw from it is obvious.
i) See Boeckh, Metr. Unt. pp. 65-67. Mionnet, Poids p. 178 ff. Boeckh sets When explaining this coin base, we assumed that the large silver pieces were didrachms be f since he compares them with the Aeginaean didrachms. Newer companies Investigations (see Brandis a.a. 0. p. 12b ff.) have proven that the experiments Calibration of the Aginaean and Syrian coinage not in the manner of Boeckh is to be carried out that equates both; nevertheless, less remains the observation that the large pieces of silver here and there appear to be didrachms to watch, right.
172 Dr. Engen Bferabaofaer,
So, if we take everything into consideration, we have something I have so far talked about the history of the Jews up to the beginning the reign of the Maccabees and the simultaneous minting of coins in the areas neighboring Judea said neither that Right the Sekel contradicts the history of a time to assign where there is political independence on the part of the Jews have not been reached, nor are we allowed to be disrespected which comes from the style of the coins, from their factory and their the resulting signs place them among the younger Macca- bear coins refer. Rather, we must have the shekel considered to be the oldest Jewish coins shortly after the autonomous time calculation started was carried out on the basis of the decree drawn up by Antiochus VII. acquired coinage rights under the authority of the first Maccabean princes were defeated.
But since the Sekel is divided into types, inscriptions, style and differ only slightly and so far only shekels The assumption is that five vintages were found close that they are in a period of five consecutive been beaten for years.
Whether and to what extent this assumption is justified remains to be seen to be examined in the following section.
(To be continued.)
Investigation into ancient Hebrew coins.
173
Ge wioht 8 tab hurry,
A. Sekel M. 6.
Weight
year
14.65?
III
2.50?
III
14.4%?
I
2.30 p.m
IV
2.30 p.m
IV
14.27
II
14.25
TV
14.23
I
14.22
I
14.21
II
14.20
n
14.19
v
14.19
ii
14.18
in
14.18
ii
14.15
m
14.15
n
10/14
n
10/14
in
14.09
i
14.06
IV
14.05
IV
14.03
m
13.93
i
13.93
n
13.90
i
13.89
n
13.85
in
1382
m
13.80
i
13.71
n
13.70
n
13.70
iu
13.60
in
13.50
n
13.35
ii
13.35
m
13.27
ii
13.08
i
13.05
n
}
Pariah according to de Saulcy, Reoh. num. Jew. p. 20.
Barihelemy b. Bayer Vind. P. VII, note 1. 27]3/ 4 grains.
Imhoof Blumer.
Evans, The Academy 1874 p. 459. Specif. Weight 10.5.
Evans a. a. 0. Specif. Weight 10,527.
Madden, num. chron. 1876. P. 132.
Mionnet, Poids p. 192 No. 2. 3 gros 52 grains.
Imhoof Blumer.
Winterthur City Library.
A. Merzbacher.
S. S. Lewis, num. chron. 1876. p. 322. 219 gr. Troy.
Barthllemy a. a. 0. 267 y* gr.
Evans a. a. 0. Specif. Weight 10,472.
Mionnet a. a. 0. No. 4. 3 large 51 gr.
A. Merzbacjier.
Vienna, K. K. Mttnzkabinet.
Ibid.
Imhoof Blumer.
Evans a. a. 0. Specif. Weight 10,495.
Reichardt, Numbers chron. 1864. p. 183. 217 gr.
A. Merzbacher.
Reichardt a. a. 0. 216.5 gr.
The same 215 gr.
Madden, num. chron. 1876. P. 132.
A. Merzbacher.
Reichardt a. a. 0. 214 gr.
A. Merzbacher.
Chamberlain of Ranch.
Berlin, Kgl. Mttnzcabinet.
Ibid.
Mionnet a. a. 0. No. 5. 3 large 42 gr.
Vienna.
Mionnet a. a. 0. No. 6. 3 gros 39'/j gr.
In the mint trade.
Likewise.
Likewise.
Munich.
Ibid.
Evans a.a.O. 8peeif. Weight 10,146.
174
Dr. Eugen Merzbtcher,
Weight
year
7.13
II
7.05
I
7.05
II
7.05
II
7.02
I
6.98
III
6.97
II
6.94
I
6.90
11
6.85
I
6.82
III
6.75
II
6.75
m
6.67
i
6.55
in
6.55
i
6.50
i
6.10
in
6.05
i
B. Half shekel M. 4.
Imhoof Blumer.
Mionnet a. a. 0. No. 1. 1 large 60 gr. (= Barth&emy a. a. 0. 1323/ 4 gr.)
Lenormant, Rev. num. 1854. P. 174 No. 3.
Bayer, De num. Hebrew Sam. P. 38 and 42 «= 141% span.gr.
Madden, num. chron. 1876. P. 132.
In the coin trade.
Reichardt, Numbers chron. 1864. P. 183.
Imhoof Blumer.
A. Merzbacher.
In the coin trade.
L. Hamburger.
In the coin trade.
Likewise.
Berlin
Reichardt a. a. O. 100.9 gr.
A. Merzbacher.
Same.
Reichardt a. a. 0. 94.1 gr.
The same, ibid 92.3 gr.
C. Tetradrachms M. 1
Weight
13.89
13.55
12?
I. Revolt at the time of Nero.
No. of sales! drawing
95
111
112
Mionnet a. a. O. No. 9. 3 gros 457s gr. Ibid. No. 8. 3 gr. 39 gr. Queipo, syst. me*tr. I. P. 551.
II. Revolt in the time of Hadrian.
10/14 13.68 13.43
13.38
114
Berlin.
Mionnet a. a. 0. No. 7. 3 large 42Vs-
Garrucci, Diss. arch. II. P. 34 No. 10. 3 drachm. 2 den. 10 gr.
Bayer, De num. Hebrew -sam. pp. 141 and 143. 289span. gr.
Studies on ancient Hebrew coins.
175
D. Drachmen jR. 4.
I. Revolt at the time of Nero.
Weight
no, ucb ver-
. seichniues
3.57
100
Vienna.
•
3.54
99
Reichardt, Nura. chron. 1862. No. 21.
3.35
100
Berlin.
3.25
100 mi
Reichardt a. a. 0. No. 25.
3.20
96
De Saulcy, Calc. num. Jew. p. 68. Plate XIV.
No. 5
3.20
98
Berlin and Reichardt a. a. 0. No. 20.
3 14
100 to
Berlin.
3.12
97
Berlin-Prokesch.
3.10?
99
Prof. Sepp in Munich.
3.10
100
Reichardt a. a. O. No. 23.
3.10
lOObia
De Vogüe\ Rev. nnm. 1860. P. 290.
3.06
97
Berlin.
3.00
100
Reichardt a. a. O. No. 22.
2.98
100
Berlin-Prokesch.
2.96
8Sbi*
Likewise.
2.90?
97
Prof. Sepp ») .
2.6t
100
Berlin-Prokesch.
2.40?
88
De Vogüe a. a. 0. p. 282.
II. .
rose in the time of Hadrian.
3.90?
119
Vienna (has a hole!).
3.70
123
Ibid.
3.40
117
A. Merzbacher.
3.40
118
Same.
3.40?
123
Same (broken out!).
3.3S
124
Vienna.
3.27
119
Prince Windischgrätz.
3.26
123
Mionnet a. a. 0. No. 13 = 61 »/, gr.
1) See above p. 174, where Dr. ▼. Sallet the traces of an earlier building Trajan leads in a distinctive tone. I can after repeated examination of the copy The correctness of this observation cannot be denied, so this coin - if it is genuine - belongs to the II group of rebellion coins would. But whether Sallet's extensive conclusions for the division can be considered This coin class must therefore be approved, I leave it at that and will do so I'll come back to it later.
L
176 Dr. Eugen Merzbacher, studies on ancient Hebrew coins.
Weight
Kr. of Ver- seichniases
3.23
122
3.21
121
3.20
115
3.19
122
3.18
123
3.15
124
3.14
122
3.12
118
3.10?
122
3.05
123
3.03
122
3.02
121
3.01
123
3.00
122
2.99
123
2.96
119
2.92?
100
2.91
115
2.90
122
2.82
119
2.80
115
2.65
112
2.31?
116
Ibid. No. 11. 603/ 4 gr.
Berlin.
A. Merzbacher.
Mionnet a. a. 0. No. 10.
Berlin (has a hole!).
A. Merzbacher.
Berlin.
Vienna.
De Saulcy, Law p. 162.
The same, ibid p. 161.
Mionnet a. a. 0. No. 12.
Vienna (has a hole).
Berlin.
Ibid.
Ibid (has hole).
Ibid.
Evans, The Academy 1S74. VI, p. 536 (has hole)
Berlin-Prokesch.
Vienna (has a hole and is circumcised).
Berlin-Prokesch.
Vienna (has a hole).
Berlin-Prokesch.
Vienna.
Munich.
Dr. Eugen Merzbacher.
he coins of Aenus in Thrace.
The impressive series of large silver coins from Aenus in Thrace, despite its apparent monotony, is more than in a way strange and instructive. Already the art Lerical character secures her a very important place: at the beginning most vividly of one of the most magnificent Greek remains Art, reminiscent of the Aeginetic gable figures a few pieces of the later period almost the enface Heads of the Parthenon frieze. So this grants us in the distance North, in the immediate vicinity of barbaric areas city has one of the most magnificent images in its coins of strong, energetic striving for art and of a sharpness, Freedom and safety of treatment like few others Cities of antiquity. — But also apart from that These coins teach us a lot about the epicurean joy of art others.
The earliest tetradrachms of the city of Aenus show clearly a head of Hermes from the side, a goat (not antelope) on the back. Even older than this series is, however, probably the only tetradrachm of the Ber- liner collection (Fox), which Fox already has in its Greek coins published.
178 A. t. Saliet,
Hf. Hermes head to the right with Petasus.
Rf. Caduceus, transversely in the recessed square. From the surrounding The writing is actually only N A A clear, the iota is uncertain. Fox wanted a monogram similar to <|> at the bottom right IO see; but this is unlikely in and of itself and is not confirmed by the sight of the coin." This. Weight of the coin, previously 15.25 grams, now according to distance of the coating on part of the stamp 15.16, is the reason a completely incorrect chronological order. Brandis, (Coin, measurement and weight systems in the Near East, page 520) places the coin in the second period of the minting of Aenus and calls her weight “Asia Minor foot”. We will later see that this name applies to the coins of Aenus is entirely incorrect; provisionally I comment on this a coin from Fox's collection that shows its low value importance is only a result of their strong oxidation; a good copy would weigh at least 1 gram more; her style and the The type on the back is unadorned and simple them undoubtedly to the head of the whole series of Aenus; the Coin riiag before 450 BC BC.
Parts of this coin, also with the caduceus and AI, in the Berlin Museum, weigh 1.32 and 1.265; so there are Two-obole pieces whose tetradrachm pretty much resembles this. called Attic weight of the older series of coins from Aenus achieved with the profile head and the trestle.
This oldest tetradrachm is joined without any large, yes, without any noticeable gap, immediately the following ones, which ones
The coins of Aenus in Thrace. 179
the simple caduceus of the back through the artistic replace the more detailed representation, the billy goat. Next to the The main representation of the back is where we see many small ones Symbols: Epbeu branch, astragalus, animal skull, crescent moon; Caduceus in a factory raw but later type that this series. We find this most often on later, smaller ones Coins (drachmas) and the city's only gold coin the sole type of backside that used to be misused in a senseless way. interpreted epithet: Herme standing on a throne chair '), that is archaeologically interesting because it gives us an un- Dangerous view of the Amyclaean throne with the cultus image of Apollo and all similar works granted. Ordinary the throne back on the coins of Aenus has an attached decorated with a hanging wreath, the armrests at the front end on the late teren coins into ram heads, which also, if you know it, become visible on the earlier tetradrachms; in front of the herm on the tetradrachms is one standing upright on the throne Caduceus depicted. A very strange variant emerged Friedlaender covered on a beautiful, perfectly preserved Piece in this series:
Here, instead of the caduceus, a stick is shown, the one above on a crossbar the main embossing, the goat buck, carries. So the god sometimes has to take the caduceus with him the staff that carries his sacred animal has exchanged what As far as I know, there is no depiction of Hermes yet. was observed.
1) It then repeats itself on Alexander the Elder's tetradrachms. Gr., which one probably rightly goes to Aenus.
s\
18d A. ▼. SaUet,
Here the comments about the weights of the Aeni see coins find their place, no metrological sub- search for brilliant results, on the contrary completely de- structuring and posing new puzzles: proof of how much you We must be careful not to rely too much on metrological conjectures and make them the basis of research.
The weight of the older series is called the profile head Attic, and it would be perfectly fine for that to happen the Aenians, who are vnoxeXelq to the Athenians (Thuc. VII, 57) and supported the Athenians in the Sicilian War, as well Acanthus until his defection from Athens (where Acanthus, like I showed earlier, also changed his coinage system), according to atti- would have shaped on a fair footing. But this is not entirely the case. Although the weight of coins of this type is once up to 16.7 rises (Brandis p. 519), so a long series shows the whole excellently beautiful specimens, which I weighed, a min. at least very reduced Attic weight:
16.55 in good condition, with AI N ION (otherwise it is AINI ordinary). Berlin.
16.55 extremely fine, almost a fleur de coin. Berlin.
16.52 in good condition.
16.4 very well preserved. Berlin (Prokesch).
16.34 extremely fine, almost f.d. c.
16.3 very well preserved. Berlin (Fox).
The rare tetradrachms that will be discussed in more detail shortly weigh with the name of Antiadas on the back: 16.32 in good condition. 16.27 very well preserved. Berlin.
These weights are very different from those of the tetradrachms of Acanthus, whose old coins minted before 424 are the following have purely Attic weight:
17,641 17.4 /
according to Brandis.
The coins of Aerius in Thrace. \$\
17.35 1
**\M\***h Brandis.
17.1 very well preserved, but not f.d. c. Berlin. This means that the Athenian tetradrachms from this period are completely accurate. come.
So Aenns' money is hardly in Athens or in Aeanthus were considered to be of full Attic importance; to continued However, fraudulent financial speculation by the Aenians is hardly possible think; the ancient Greeks are probably also in this regard must have been clever and witty, at most the thing could have been seems to be aimed at the uncivilized Thracian neighbors.
So with Aenus we have a weight that is almost Attic is, but even in perfectly preserved copies significant is too easy *) . In the weight of the rare tetra- drachmas from the neighboring town of Maronea with the head of Bacchus and wine stock: 16.96 and 16.2 2 ) you will hardly recognize an analogue may ; This is, exceptionally in Maronea, purely Attic. important, the large deviation at 16.2 is only due to inadequate Conservation requires 3).
The end of the profile series is the rare , one more not very strict, but approaching perfect beauty Tetradrachmon with AINI on the petasus of the head of Mercury and the official name ANTIAAAX* on the back the dating of which I will return immediately. Two copies, good and very well preserved, weighing, as noted, 16.32 and 16.27.
Now it follows, as I believe, immediately, or at least with just very short interruption the long series of tetradrachms
1) Of course, this only applies to coins this old. That later ones according to Attic It is known that pronounced tetradrachms are low everywhere, e.g. b. ▼on Tfeaaut, also Athens itself.
1) Imhoof in this journal III, p. 286.
8) I ignore small pieces because very small coins have a weight difference. differences are easier to explain. Old drachmas at Aenus weigh about 4, one other coin (very good) 2.69.
Journal of Numismatics. V. 13
182
A.v. Sallet,
with the head of Hermes from the front and probably always AI N ION on the back. This series is based on Brandis (p. 520). »Asia Minor foot« pronounced. Brandis says (p. 250: “these Currency (the Asia Minor foot), which was used on the Thracian Macedonian coast in Byzantium, Aenus, Akanthos, Thasus and Neapolis was already valid (before Philip).« This compilation with the large silver coins from Acanthus, Thasus and Byzantium (because Neapolis only minted smaller coins, the heaviest ones 9," but is incorrect:
Aenus with head v. front 1).
16.02 Bompois (to Imhoofs Mid.)
15.56 good, with hole. Berlin
15.56 very good. Imhoof. .
15.55 Imhoof
15.48 rubbed off. Berlin. .
15.45 very good, letter slightly oxidized
15.34 rubbed off. Berlin. .
15.3 hardly good. Berlin. .
15.2" Basel
15.2 hardly good. Berlin . .
15.04 Imhoof
Acanthus. | Thasus. {Byzantium.
to Brandi».
14.43 14.3
14.28 14.27 14.25
14.20 very good. Berlin
14.12
Etc.
15.2p
15
15.27 very
14.96
good. Berlin
15.16 Paris
14.9
15.0 Paris
11.4
Etc.
I4,$l
■
14.50
«
Lower weights are almost always the result of inadequate production attitude.
1) I have removed some much heavier pieces from Prokesch's collection - obviously not listed because its heavy weight is a result of the fat person sitting on it coating is. — There is also a good modern stamp with which times of a helmet, which may well be shaped according to the wrong weight; I seem to remember that in some better catalog a »solcke* Piece arrived incorrectly as eight and weighed far too much.
The coins of Aenus in Thrace. 183
We see that this is not entirely true. While the mouths zen from Aenus to 16 and even with imperfect Preservation often weighs over 15, even the very best ones have specimens of Thasus in Berlin and Paris carry weight of just a little over 15. Just as in Thasus, it seems to be at to be Byxanz; the weights of Acanthus are considerable borrowed lower. I therefore do not believe that in Aenus “small” “Asian foot” is to be assumed. On the other hand, we see that the latest series of tetradrachms almost immediately Weights of well-preserved pieces from the older, profile series concludes: 16.27 of the latest profile coin follows immediately the Enface coins with 16 and 15.56 etc., and I believe that all these coins only have the original weight of all tetradrachms from Aenus, only slightly reduced. It is a well-known phenomenon that in almost every country, In every city the weight of money decreases over time l). The latest silver coins from Aenus, drachmas from 4.1 - 3.85 about, agree with this: it is approximately correct Attic* weight, but a little less, as is the small gold coin in London, Admittedly not completely preserved, with profile head and herm on the throne: 2.1. A well-preserved Athenian stater Berlin weighs 8.58.
At least it is for the large silver coins of Aenus proved that there can be no question of a foot in Asia Minor; it is an approximate, lower Attic weight that is
1) The tetradrachms from Rhodes (since 408 BC) roughly agree the younger series from Aenus, and the older coins from Rhodes are also this Aenische about the same time. • — The apparently old-looking gold dealer from Rhodes, with the head without rays and the recessed square, but is of Brandls was completely wrongly placed ahead of Alexander. The complete stamp freshness 'of these coins in the Sayda find, which was named after Alexander (probably Sil v. BC cf. Waddington, Nelanges num. II. 39) was buried, proves data these staters from Rhodes as well as those found from Cius and Per- gamam, which were also freshly minted, only a very short time ago 311 t. Must be minted.
13*
184 A.t. s«iitt,
decreased somewhat over time. I can't take it under print to pronounce here: it won't be similar in many Metrology questions go? We saw that Acanthus' small- Asiatic footing with Thasns and Byzantium was also not correct; another metrological discovery: Ptolemaic gold in Cyprus, as I have proven, just opened up like that- solved that these coins are modern counterfeits - in short, at the highest Achtang in front of the important scientific ones We have to admit that a lot of work is still pending in the air, a lot is mysterious, wavering, even sometimes just wrong, - a warning for everyone who initially thinks... too much to rely on established metrological results. —
The tetradrachm with the name, which has already been mentioned several times of Antiadas is the most important of the whole series and if one except for a few enface fights from the later series most beautiful, most delicate coin from Aenns.
The correct interpretation of the excellently drawn figure Back side bo much I know found Imhoof first: it is a standing, goat-loving, horned Pan, looking up, with raised hand: anoaxonevuiv, in the left the staff (pedum) holding. The god appears in a similar way on copper coins Thessalonice from later times, as well as on copper coins from Ae- giale on Amorgos'). It is actually one of the characteristic Pan's positions: we see him in a very similar way (only
1) LambiOB, Noulaunta ir t ; v^nov'Altöoyou, Tif. No. 5,6. Oh, these Imhoof recognized the figure correctly first.
The coins of Aenus in Thrace. 185
not goat-footed), standing on its toes, with the same gesture the hand, the pedum in the arm, on a sarcophagus next to Dio- nysos and Ariadne (?) standing and the fight between erotes and panicked watching. The figure had not yet been recognized and "Satyr", called "un giovine Fauno" by Visconti { . It is Pan in his older, nobler form; the one below from The long-bearded Pan, who defeated the Erotes, is the same as the Erotes small creature subordinate to the great god, a panick. Fan also seems to be on the nymphs alongside Mercury and Sylvan. consecrated votive reliefs in a similar position, but bearded and of in front, to be depicted with a staff and goatskin 2).
Even more important is the chronological question; I believe that Beautiful coin up to the year and with it almost the same to be able to date the remaining tetradrachms from Aenus.
The coin obviously suits its style, as noted was, between the simpler coins with the profile head and the one with the head from the front. But we see one in her very striking peculiarity, which neither the older ones nor the later coins of the city have: the city inscription AINI is relegated to the hat of Hermes, while at her other current place, only much more pretentious, to make the one you love Smaller usual type on the back with large books letters the name of a man, ANTIAAAX. So suddenly- Aenus is the only example of aristocratic rule, a ruling official.
We saw that the Aenians served as allies and tribute The Athenians obliged this in the Sicilian War (415 - 413 v. BC). The sudden onset of the disease also I believe Antiadas is connected with Athens.
1) See Möller-Wieseler, Denkm. d. K. II, No. 432 a after Museo Pio Clem. «od Visconti, Museo P. Cl. Folio edition Vol. V, the last panel.
2) MUlin, Myth. Gall. No. 475 and 476. Whether you have already seen this fipur called, I don't know. Still in the 3rd German edition of Millin's. he will for Hercules held with club and lion skin.
186 A - v - Sallet >
»
When in 411 Iü Athens overthrew the democratic constitution and the Oligarchy of the Four Hundred was installed, they had Leaders of the movement initiated a similar revolution through emissaries carried out in the cities allied with Athens, especially another in Thrace; . . . ig rakka vnrjxoa %(oqla akkovg äkky you- n£fi7rov, mal Jioxqi(pr\v ovrct ttbqI Xiov, f^Qtj^ivov di ig %a ini Og^xr/g aQ%etv, xal äq>ix6fi€vog ig tfjv Saaov %6v örj(.iov xaxi- kvos. After oligarchic authorities were installed, some fell These cities immediately left Athens and went over to Sparta *} . In 411 the oligarchy in Athens was already restored. falls and in 409 the Athenians succeeded in Byzantium, Thasus and the others oligarchic and partly Spartan to subdue Thracian cities again 2). Now Aenus belonged to the v7to*cekeig, i.e. the vnrp.oa xwqia of the Athenians and lay so in the way between Byzantium and Thasus that the oligarchic It was difficult for the burrowers to pass by: we have in ours Coin the only example of the aristocratic naming of one Officials in Aenus, who even made an alteration to the usual type in its wake. The style of the coin is completely consistent the date 411: beautiful, still slightly ancient Art similar to the coins of the Macedonian king Archelaus (413 - 399 BC) namely those of his coins, which apparently from the early days of his reign. The The oligarchic glory of the Thracian cities was short-lived Duration, already over in 409: the coins of Antiadas are extremely rare. The conditions in Aenus are similar However, also in the year 405, immediately after the battle Aegospotami may have been: Lysander subdues the Athenians nerally allied or subjected cities to the Spartans and They would be administered by Spartan harmosts. It is Of course, that Aenus, which is close to the battle site
1) Peter, Greek. Time tables p. 80. Thuc. VIII, 64.
2) Peter, p. 82 note 132. Xen. Bright. I, 4, 9 and I, i, 32. Diod. XIII, 64.
The coins of Aenns in Thrace. ]g7
had the same fate, Thucydides expressly says that so- equal to fj akkrj'Ei.lag a The same one, probably minted between 411 and 409, The tenth coins of Antiadas are followed by the long series of tetra- drachmas with the head of Hermes from the front. The inscription of the The back of the buck is AI N ION, the markings change and are extremely numerous and delicate; we see here e.g. b. Vessels of various shapes, candlesticks, rhyton (an excellent nice specimen in Imhoof's collection), star, wreath, petasus of a later, flat and curved shape with a long band, next to him Caduceus (Berlin, ans Prokesch' collection), too a carefully executed small vine with grapes, as on the coins of Maronea; Of course he has nothing here to do with that city. Also smaller silver coins (2.57 - 2.24 grm. according to the examples in the Berlin Museum) are common.
188 A - v - Sallet, The coins of Aenus in Thrace.
This rich imprint probably didn't last very long. Ver- It probably doesn't extend far into the fourth century. The latest silver piece from Aenus, the fourth century, but certainly belonging to the first half, the drachma (4.1 - 3.85 grm.) with Hermes head from the front, with the curved flat one Petasus covered; Rf. AINION Herm on the throne. natural Of course we can determine this coin chronologically not go so far as to pre-launch the Q in Athens put. It is, even if Aenus falls under the Athenians again, than should have been, in the first half of the fourth year hundred, but not before 403 BC. to set.
A.v. Sallet.
_A
On Fommer and Mecklenburg coinage.
y.
Pomeranian Inedita.
Jaromar I, King of the Rügians; 1189--1218. 1) *IG....ÄR RQX crowned bust, above each Shoulder a star. Rf. *RWIÄ...Ol three-towered Buildings with gate openings. — M. S. — Weight 0.82 gr.
Plate VII, No. 1. The extraordinary significance of this coin lies not in this in that they are a variety of plate I, 57 of my Pomeranian Pogge's example already depicted in coin studies, nor just in the fact that the latter, perhaps in addition to that Ours is the only piece that has come to us now in high condition is just damaged 1 ), but especially in the royal title, which Jaromar is emblazoned on it, and which one new reason for their allocation to this first Jaromar- gives. Helmold emphasizes the royal dignity of the Rügiers princely family 2 ), and in accordance with this he created counts Saxo Gramm, (p. 839] that the Danish king, when he (1168) with the reprimands the conditions of what is to be granted to them I wanted to find peace and the king at the landing place Tetislaf, whose brother Jaromar and others found. Although there is
1) Fabricius, Turkish e.g. business d. Fürstenth. Rügen (Stralsd. 1841) Vol. II, p. 104.
2) Fabridut II, 62: qui soli habet regem.
1 90 H. Dannenberg,
the commemorated annalist of this same Tezlaw, after he was in This peace agreement was used as a tribute to the Danes. from now on only the title of prince and in documents Only the latter occurs at all; but it speaks out our denarii and in addition to those mentioned also another their message that the traditional royal dignity is not with this submission to Danish suzerainty, but only later and gradually fell into oblivion; because Saxo let Emperor Frederick I, when he was trying to overthrow Hein in 1181 to prepare the kingdom of the lion with King Waldemar I of Lübeck discussed our Jaromar with the royal title flatter (p. 952: quem pridie compluribus venerationis offi- ciis, insuper regio nomine adulatus fuerat). If still the oldest Rügian documents, which come from this same Jaromar are issued, only attach the princely title to it, so explained This is probably not just due to the fact that it was only later period (1189 - 1209), but especially because the designer follows this custom borrowed from the Germans the drafting of documents must be compliant with the German view, which, however, gave the prince the old Slavic vi- had to fail his royal title.' We'll see then Jaromar I is no longer in secure possession of his ancestral lands Royal dignity, she is among his descendants except for The slightest trace has disappeared, and with it the possible signs sayings of his grandson Jaromar IL (1249 - 60) on our denarius eliminated. The same phenomenon occurs to us in the neighboring ones Pomerania, of which only Bogislaw I (fll87), our Jaromar contemporary, left us coins with the title REX.
To explain the inscriptions it should be mentioned that Jaromar in his documents is Jaromarus, Jarimarus, Jaro- merus, Jarmerus, and Saxo like Arnoldus Lubic. him often marus, under which name Jaromar IL in his own documents appear. But for the people of Rügier
Pomeranian Inedita. 191
can be found: Ruyani, Ruiani, Raani, Runi and many more. chender forms.
According to the above, the inscription *IftROO\ÄRe des Plate I, 58 D. P. depicted bracteates perhaps IÄROOlÄR R€X can be read by, as is often the case, using the * at the same time takes an X and reads the R twice.
Barnim I (1220-78) or his sons Bogislav IV. (—1309). Barnim IL —1295), Otto I (—1344).
2) The Duke with flag and shield, riding to the left. Rf. The griffin to the left. — M. S. — 0.6 gr. — 0.52 gr.
Plate VII, No. 2. I have this denarius when I lack one that is accessible to me The earlier copy (D. P. No. 20) is only very imperfectly preserved. can write. It is still the only one that Duke on horseback. There are also in the neighboring Mark As is well known, there are not many denarii of this coin; very similar As far as the Hf is concerned, Weidhas Vin is 3.
3) Bust portrait with two lances over an arch, in which chem a cross. Bf. Between two people gazing heads of griffins, a tower above a pointed one Gable in which a lily (?) appears. — M.S. — 0.42 gr. Plate VII, No. 3.
This mint, whose hf is reminiscent of D. P. No. 13, comes, like one of the ones just described (No. 2), like that following No. 4 and the strange denarius with ST9TIN-Q (Sallet III, plate III, 6;, in all probability from the Finds from Filehne mentioned on p. 159, which also only large quantities of bracteates come from northwestern Germany brought numbers! .
4) In the gate opening of a three-towered building head. Letters Lily. — M. S. — Weight 0.49 gr. 0.36 gr.
Plate VII, No. 4.
1) •. Beyer, Wykopalisko Wielenskie. Warsaw 1H76. •
192 H. Dannenberg,
This denarius is marked D. P. III, 9 linked, whose applicant has a very similar building, but in whose gate shows a griffin's head instead of the human head 1 }. Even after that and after all the viewing, you have to have ours Consider the coin to be Pomeranian, although the lily is also on one Weissensee denarii (Berl. Bl. n, plate XIX, 5) occurs. Still The fact that one of the present specimens belonged to the Filehner finds. Also The lily is found here as a symbol of the Demin mint good explanation, as well as on the denarii DP. III, 15 and the bracteate D. P. IV, 72, although that is why we use ours The denarius cannot yet be seen as an actual city currency have.
Bogislaw IX, Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast beyond the Swine (or Stolp) 1418-1446. 5) DVX • POMGROIia^IS . On a continuous Cross an empty shield with the griffin shield as Heart sign is on top. Rf. MOI10TÄ STOLP0S-- and At the end of the inscription there is a label with the Stolper city coat of arms. Character: the German order shield on a long cross. - In the possession of Mr. A. Maid here. — Weight 1.68 gr.
Plate VH, No. 5. This shilling, only in this single copy together with many down to the Grand Master Ludwig (1450 - 1467) The order shillings were found to be almost completely come deception going imitation of the shillings from Paul v. Kussdorf (1422 — 1441), especially from Nos. 842 and 845 Vossberg. Those of his successor Konrad V are already giving way little, especially the round SB, and his Predecessor Michael 1414 - 1422 have at least except for that
1) the Weidhas (V, 8) was taken for an eagle's head, hence the coin ranked among the Brandenburgers.
Pomeranian Tnedita. 193
youngest variety (Vossberg plate VII, 805) in the Hochmeisterschilde the HJ. the Jerusalem Cross. Of these recent shields Between Michael's and Paul's, the present version differs apart from the transcriptions, the only reason is that the eagle shield of the Grand Master's coat of arms by the griffin shield replaced, and the inscription of the Rf the coat of arms of the Mint is attached. For the rest it is necessary even for that The trained eye of a coin connoisseur pays great attention to distinguish him from the designated high masters; because the character of the writing is exactly the same as last time. teren, and therefore there can hardly be any doubt that we are in the same hand, which cut the stamp for these order coins, too We owe this stumble to Schilling, which was between 1420 ud 1440 should be set. What is to be regretted is his otherwise good preservation of the double strike, which marks the end of the makes the writing of the RF appear unclear; but it will be like that on the Stolper shillings that I made known earlier (D. P. IV, C 1) STOLP0'SIS or Stolpensis can be read. The difference between the two is not entirely without interest regarding the form of the name Pomerania, by the way here not in our sense, but for Western Pomerania). take is: here you have Pomeronensis, there you have Pomeranie. Also Both differ significantly in their embossing and character. tend, the one published earlier stands between the Swedish and the medals in the middle. Why I rather our Bogislaw as his cousin King Eric (of Sweden) for the mint I have in the relevant place D. P. p. 80; executed.
Demln.
6) «HonaTÄgDenmen' Lme. Rf. «aiviTÄSg
DVa'oWOLGÄ Cross. — A. Maiden. — Weight 1.91 gr. Plate VII, No. 6.
1) This is how Schlafe and Stolp are marked on their seals as cities "in Poinerania" referred to.
194 H. Dannenberg,
A Gros8pfennig; from the previously published (D.P. II, 75} essentially different, because the latter bears on the applicant the inscription: D0VS m ROMIRG TV. Another with the- The same saying, which we reserve the right to reproduce, has the same saying Stamp of Witten D. P. IV, 73, Lilie, Bf Greif. Wolgast.
7) Two crossed keys. Bf The griffin on the left. — M. S. — weight 0.3 gr. Plate VII, No. 7.
This denarius, apparently of fairly good content, and therefore probably from the XIV, not the XV. century changed, is of great importance because, in my earlier opinion, it thung (D. P. p. 79) that a row is designated by the key neter bracteates were created in Wolgast, further truths gives semblance. Because even with these bracteates namely the possibility of a relationship with the archbishopric Bremen didn't seem out of the question until now, but that's his Pomeranian origin through the grip of the Bf above all Doubts were raised, but there was no other mint in Pomerania. to find out who the picture of the key would belong to, just like that Wolgast, in its older large seal next to a gate on both sides a key under the griffin, and on his slightly younger secretions both keys standing upright underneath showing the gripping. By the way, the coin is probably for one ducal rather than urban.
VI.
Mecklenburg Inedita.
Niklot, 1181 - 1201.
8) * NI IDV cross with a circled dots in
every angle. Bf Disfigured temple building with book stabs, such as HN - IMI on both sides. —Cat. Thomsen II 2, No. 6570. Plate VII, No. 8.
Mecklenburg Inedita. 195
This one is mentioned but neither described nor shown Denarius, from which I gave the late Thomsen a sealing wax Thanks to the impression, already in the sheets f. Mzkd. III, p. 267 Discussion of a find with very similar denarii Herzog Heinrichs. The latter make it very plausible that we Transcription of the Thomsen pfennig MICLOTI DVcis or NICOLAI DVcis have to be supplemented, and the fear that we only through an incompletely developed copy of one Coin with confused inscription or something like HINRICI DV instead of the other HGIMRIVS DVX EST, HGINRIVS DVX DENÄRI, HEINRIC9 DVX being deceived becomes significant mitigated by the consideration that at the same time also the neighboring Dukes of Pomerania and Jaromar I of Rügen Coins began to be minted and style-related denarii were created. have hit. But now the question is which Nicolaus or Our coin is to be enclosed with Niklot, the well-known Abodrite Most Holy Niklot, who, together with Pribislaw, held the independence dependence of his people first against Duke Kanut Hlawarde of Schleswig, then also to fight against Henry the Lion. capital undertook, but was overcome by the latter and became was forced to accept Christianity, or the Son his son, who was executed by Henry the Lion in 1164 Vertislaw, the younger Niklot, along with his cousin Heinrich Borowin I (f 1226, his land from the Danish king Kanut VI. had to take as a fief and in the fight against the count Adolf von Dassel fell, or finally your son of the aforementioned Heinrich Borowin I Nicolaus. (f 1224), his brother Heinrich Borovins H. (f 1226) . He writes to the youngest Nicolaus Thomsen's catalog contains this coin. But if this too is permissible in itself, since Heinrich Borowin I had been there for several years before his death he left the rule to his sons, that's how it is it is hardly possible numismatically. Because our Niklot coin is, as noted, of exactly the same character as those mentioned
196 H - D»nnenberg,
Heinrich's denarii, but these have, according to Bl. f. Mzkd. m, P. 266, denarii with F6ReD6RICVS IOIP and by Margrave Otto yon Brandenburg (plate VI, 118, 119, cf. Köhne I, plate XII, 1) to found companions, and visibly simultaneous found companions. May the latter be from Otto I (1170 - 84), the son of them attributed, or by his son Otto II (1184 - 1206), so They certainly didn't crown him emperor until 1220 Frederick II was the author, but certainly Friedrich Barbarossa (1155 - 90), and probably after that, as does the stamp and make the factory of these coins credible, the burial The find can be placed between 1180 and 1190. Is through it the youngest Nicolaus is excluded, so it is for him middle, the son of Vertislav, because of him We have to because of the oldest Niklot, who died in 1060 decidedly refrain from this early period. A difficulty presents Of course, the title of duke, which belonged to the Prince of Mecklenburg actually only comes from 1348 onwards, but that's it probably in that oldest time when Slavic conditions became German Forms were transferred, not taken exactly *) .
I cannot close this reflection without realizing imagine that the commemorated denarii of Duke Heinrich, the Grote attributed to the lion in Thomsen's catalogue (II 2, No. 6568, 6569) to the Mecklenburg Duke Heinrich (1178 - 1228), i.e. attributed to Borowin I. Like this their similarity to the oldest Lübeckers with S * IOE * LVBI C6NS SV (from the discussed finds, Bl. f. Mzkd. IE, plate. VI, 108) are somewhat justified. But if that is also possible lich is when our Niklot coin and those already mentioned Pomeranians and Rügians may have something to say about it, sure It will hardly be possible to decide between the two secondary court.
1) It even dates back to the XV. Yearb. another coin on which seven Prince Albrecbt of Anhalt attached the title of duke.
Mecklenburg Inedita. 197
9) The bull's head between a sword and a flag with a cross between the horns (Bractatej. - M. S. — Weight 0.54 Gr. Plate VIII, No. 9.
If this coin were found isolated, perhaps one could be concerned about their accommodation, and both their math as their formative period is questionable, since the bull's head is not exclusively Mecklenburg's coat of arms. But for Luckily the present copy is the same as the one previously Thomson owned and in his catalogs Th. II, Vol. 2 No. 6573 is listed. Here you will find the remark that, just like the previous number shown on plate VHI mer, from which BUnstorf's finds come. This find, one the most important in the area of the German Middle Ages Although not entirely foreign to our literature, as Köhne (I, 352, HI, 372) because of the denarii of Albrecht H. von Brandenburg is briefly mentioned, but it is not described anywhere. This very noticeable deficiency is helped, albeit only briefly Message from which the Thomsen catalog II 2, p. 17 about gives him. It literally reads:
»Dans the automne de 1827, on fit k BUnstorf, village situ6 prts de Rendsborg, in the Holstein, a grande trouvaille, qui ne se composait rien moins que de 4 — 5000 bractöates et de 150 monnaies environ. A grande partie de ces pteces ächurent to Cab. Royal des M6dailles k Copenhague; les other furents dispersed between various collections particuliöres, and Mr. Thomsen, among other things, in acquit pour sa collection des s&ies assez com- pfctes. C'est pourquoi, comme il sera souvent question dans ce qni snit de this trouvaille non encore däcrite de BUnstorf, nous en thunderons iei un court aper;u. — Les monnaies *) ne renfer- maient qu'une seule ptece de l'empereur Frederick II, mais plu- Sieurs de Brandebourg, the plupart without inscriptions, quelques-
1) Monnaie is used here for denarius, a two-sided coin, in contrast to the Bracteates taken.
Journal of kinematics. V. 14
198 H* Dannenbjrg,
one with the name Albert; Ensuite has a certified name de monnaies des archeveques de Cologne, et enfin diverse deniers hollandais, tous du commencement du XIII. siöcle. Quelques demi-bractöates formaient la transition aux bractöates proprement dites. Parmi celles-ci, il y en avait des danoises de Svend Grathe et de son tempg (1147 - 1157), and des su6doises d'Eric IX. le Saint. Bien plus names 6taient les cölöbres bractöates au Lion d'Otton IV, and les bractöates imperiales tr6s variöes de la meme 6poque. En ce qui concerne les bractöates ecclösiastiques, les plus abondantes 6taient Celles de Magdebourg (St. Maurice) et de Goslar (St. Simon et Judah). Nous mentionnerons encore les grandes bractöates du duc Albert de Brunsvic 1 ) , de Heiligen- city 2 ) et de Quedlinbour£ etc. — On voit clairement que toute la trouvaille a du etre enfouie verse 1225, et eile nous montre comment les bractöates ätaient alors en train de se substituer aux monnaies solides dans l'Allemagne du Nord."
Unfortunately, we don't find out which one actually belongs to the emperor The denarius attributed to Frederick II is what was found in the Son- errors frequently committed in the modification of the Frederick denarii 3 ) by would have been interested; but after that you will probably do something we encountered in the catalog of Btinstorfer coins (No. 4389 - 96, 6510, 6539-48, 6572, 6573, 6630, 7159-7161) the correct ness of the above time determination may be accepted, although a more precise indication of the chronologically determined coins this find would have been desirable. The importance the same for the payment of the affected denarii of Albrecht von Brandenburg, like our Mecklenburg bracteates and the Thomsen No. 6572, which is so close to him (bull's head with two Balls between the horns in one of a line of beads
1) Who is meant by this remains unclear; Albert the Great (1252 - 79) at least not, perhaps the Magdeburg ALBERTUS eL6CTUS (1205—1234) or the Meissen ALB6RTVS OIÄRCHIO (1190-1195).
2) Apparently it has to be called Helmstadt.
3) see Berl. Sheet III, p. 41.
Mecklenburg Inedita. 199
surrounded circles, size 21 million) jumps out at you. Both Bracteates are the largest we know from Mecklenburg, No. 6572 apparently like our (19 million) No. 6573 from thick, rigid silver sheets. According to the above, you can cannot be placed later than 1225, but perhaps they are somewhat older, created around 1200. This will probably If you look around at your neighbors, bracteates are more similar We find the size and thickness of Jaromar I of Rügen and the Brandenburg Margrave Otto II (f 1206), Heinrich (f 1192) and Albert II (f 1220) *). So we like ours Bracteates with a certain semblance of the right to the already above-mentioned Heinrich Borowin I or his sons Heinrich Attributed to Borowin H. and Nicolaus.
Rostock. Heinrich Borowin I?, 1226—1278.
10) *RO — ST— OTG Bull's head on guard, in every direction kel a ringlet. Rf. Helmet, which is located on each side half a bull's head adjoins it, whose horns are decorated with leaves are decorated with rods, and above the helmet there is a small new one four diamonds. — M. S. — Weight 0.34 gr.
Plate VII, No. 10.
From the very similar denarii from the Hohenwald find
( IV, plate V, 61 d. Z.) differs from the present one
the inscription that reads ROSSTO on that one, by the
Crown over the helmet and through the much larger
it, which makes it one of the most beautiful medieval coins
e ] nen. A.a. O. I have already stated,
i similar Hohenwalder coin from
made the Leitzmann much too young
2 t from 1325 - 1361, i.e. from Erthei
\ until full coins are granted
»ck can come from. After the access
I, plate X, 8, Sallet IV, pp. 262-205.
14*
200 H. Dannenberg,
composition of the imaginary find he must, if not from Heinrich Borowin himself, but also by his son Woldemar (1278 - 82) or at the latest by his grandson, Nicolaus the Kinde (1282 - 1314), the last of the Rostock line. Dem- After all, it is not a city coin, as Evers assumes: the Of course, the name of the minting city in no way forces us to to regard her as the mistress of the coin, no more than you for example the denarius with STQNDRLQ (Weidhas IV, 4) or the one with STQTIfnc) (Vol. III, Plate III, 6 of this year) for urban Be allowed to explain beatings. Rostock coins are already being sold Mentioned in documents at this time, in 1262: ejusdem (i.e. RostochiiJ civitatis monete, 1 266 : per LXXX marcis denariorum Rozstoc, 1289: pro trecentis decem marcis paratorum denariorum monete de Rozstoc l).
However, one difficulty must not be ignored here: the. The princes of the founded in 1237 and died out in 1314 The Rostock line has the griffin in their seals, Of course, I don't know whether this is exclusive. Appears here now the bull's head, and this circumstance in connection with that The name of the city also seems to have prompted Evers to issue this coin (or at least the similar one he published) at a time where the city alone did not influence the coins. had won, but also the state of Rostock of the Mecklenburg Burgenian main line, which has the image of the bull's head sealed, had fallen Meanwhile, as noted, forces us the aforementioned find, the coin of the* Rostock Line itself, write, which also brings the numismatic experience to its fullest harmony stands. We have some like this according to Brandenburgi denarii minted in a similar pattern from almost all of the marks. barten countries, namely Lauenburg, Pomerania, Saxony, Brena, Anhalt, Quedlinburg, Reinstein, Stolberg, and probably also
1) Even, Meckl. Müfizverf. pp. 235, 254.
Mecklenburg Inedita. 201
from Magdeburg, Schlotheim and Weissensee. Of course they are Most of them have no writing and thus make it difficult to understand them chronologically. mood. But not only does a look at the brand teach us Denburg coin series that was already under the first Bavarian Margrave, Ludwig I the Roman (1324-52), an important one There was a deterioration in salary and die rate, but These imitations of Brandenburg are also evident Denarii, as far as their time can be determined, with a single only exception as members of an older era. She screams- come from the following princes: 1) Barnim I of Pomerania mern, 1222 (64) - 78. 2) Albrecht I of Anhalt, 1298 - 1316. 3) Otto Graf von Brena f 1290 or perhaps Otto L, 1267— 1304 or Otto II of Anhalt, 1304 - 15. 4) Bertradis II. 1270-86 or III. of Quedlinburg, 1286 - 1308 4 ), Johann I. of Saxony-Lauenburg, 1260-85 (or II., 1285-1322;. Only the denarius of Rudolf I of Saxony is of a later date, 1298 - 1356, to whom I (Berl. Bl. IV, p. 47) his bad For salary reasons he was relegated to the last period of his reign have. So it remains for those based on the Brandenburg model minted denarii of good work and good silver the second Half of the XIII. and the beginning of the XIV century. Also For this reason our denarius is for a Rostock coin line, and it should actually be so obvious - falling not be that the gentlemen of Rostock once that coat of arms of their family instead of that of their possessions have turned 2). How much more strange is the bull
1) Cappe, of course, who explains the Quedlinburg chronology, which is already so obscure in the worst possible way, puts this denarius without any reason and against all expectations. Experience of Abbess Beatrix II, 1139 - 60, to whom he did the same again aothwillingly the denarius that really belongs to her with BEATRIX VA. RF double eagle (Plate II, 19) to give it to Bertradis von Krosigk 1224 - 29(?). zatfcaileu, whom he renames Beatrix at the end (see also Anzeiger f. Kunde d. data from. 1864. p. 167).
2) Do it to Meckl. Yearbooks 18(59 p. 105 have the Princes of Rostock bi* led the griffin to their extinction, but Nicolaus led the griffin instead of the griffin
202 H. Dannenberg,
head on the denarii of the Counts of Schwerin (VK coinage, Taf. XIX, 1 0} , which was with the Mecklenburg princely house were not related, or the griffin was used instead of the usual one loaned bull's head on the shillings from Friedland and Neu- Brandenburg from the Aras Walder finds (see this journal V, Plate IV, 43, 47, 48, 49), how inexplicable the change of Coat of arms of the Lords of Diepholz (Mttnzstud. IV, p. 254]. — Exactly the same helmet with the two half bulls By the way, we encounter heads on the Herzog secret seal Albrechts (on a document from 1361, in the Vossberg collection).
At the end of the XIII. century.
11) Shield with the bull's head, a ring in each corner, one formed of dots on each side of the shield Cross between two ringlets. Rf. A cross in the field with four dots at each angle.
Plate VH, No. 11.
12) The prince with sword and lance. RF. Bull head. — M. S. — weight 0.44 gr. Plate VH, No. 12.
Evers probably describes these denarii (Vol. II, 18 and 27), only because he does not provide any illustrations and so far such coins zen of the Brandenburg ilk, with the exception of the Rostock ones and two in the sheets f. Mzkd. I, plate XV, no. 195 and 197 *) were not depicted, that seemed to be their pictorial idea urgently required. The last one follows closely the one above Commemorated No. 195 I Bl. f. Mzkd. and is different from her only through the lance, which the prince carries instead of the falcon.
Bull's head accepted, and the city followed the sovereign by the old Stadtsiege] shows the bull's head, the somewhat younger council seal shows the griffin (Meckl. Document Book Vol. II, No. 786, Vol. V, No. 3814).
1) Grote must have forgotten this when he occasionally visited the publication Clearance of the above-mentioned Schwerin denarius with bull's head Rf. horse, expresses, there would be no Mecklenburg stamp of a similar kind.
Mecklenburg Inedita. 203
But our No. 1 1 is closely related to the one just discussed Rostock No. 10, because it shows the same decorative stamp - cut and completely the same coat of arms, even the ringlets not missing in the corners, and related to it again is No. 197 a.a.O., which has almost exactly the same heart rate. You could have them there- You might also think of it as Rostock. But Gerathener It is probably best to avoid any kind of daring attempt. mnthnng to just stick to the time determined above, which is also indicated by the find to which the sheet f. Mzkd. a. a. 0. published denarii are taken; the same contained The number of securely dated coins includes those of Johann IL, Otto IV and Conrad I of Brandenburg (1266-85), Margrave Otto IV. (1285-98; and the brothers Otto IV and Eonrad I of Bran- Denburg (1285 - 98), by Barnim I of Pomerania 1222 - 78 and from Abbot Henry III. by Corvei (1275 - 1301). To obtain Purification of our coins is mentioned here from history, that of the more mentioned Heinrich Borowin H. (f 1226) four Sons divided the Mecklenburg lands in 1237 in such a way that Johann I. ff 1264) Mecklenburg, Nicolaus f 1276) Werle, the Third son of the same name (f 1278) Rostock, Pribislav finally who abdicated in 1256) Kichenberg received. Of these four lines The Richenbergische went out soon after the middle of it Century, the Rostock as noted in 1314, but only In 1436, with the extinction of the Werle House, the Mecklenburg possessions reunited in one hand. It's quite likely that we like our coins, if so should not be No. 1 1 Rostockisch, the Prince Henry I of Mecklenburg, with the nickname of the pilgrims attributed to the He followed his father John I in 1264 and followed him on the pilgrimage in 1272 the promised land, his wife, the Pomeranian Leaving Anastasia to take care of the government, and from long- he only returned from captivity in 1298, only to return not long afterwards ago (1301; to decide his career. He had his
204 H. Dannenberg,
older son Henry II the Lion (f 1329) as successor, who had come of age long before his father returned home and had ruled with a strong hand.
From the end of the XIV or the first half of the
XV. century.
13) Bull's head with neck fur and tongue out a diagonal cross on each side. RF Without embossing.
Plate VH,*No. 13.
14} Bull's head with neck fur and tongue out, between between the horns a cross made up of five balls, next to the right ear a small ring. Rf Without Ge- emboss. Plate VH, No. 14.
15) Right half of the shield with half a bull's head. Rf DV(x?) and a cloverleaf in the corners of two crossed swords. Plate VII, No. 15.
16) Bull head. Rf S Plate VH, No. 16.
17) The bull's head in a portal. Rf Indistinct (cross?). — Collection of the Pomeranian Society. to Stettin.
Plate VII, No. 17.
18) Bull's head (apparently) with tongue out, between three balls on each side of the horns accompanied by a fish. RF Without embossing. — M.S. — Weight 0.24 gr. Plate VII, No. 19.
The first four coins were previously owned by the locals coin dealer Weidhas, and I did back then, about 20 years ago very precise drawings taken from them, which show the one here attached illustrations are based; where the original nale are now is unknown to me. Numbers 14 — 16 are already there without any remark in the Meckl. Jahrb. Vol. XV, p. 334 described, but very inadequately, probably according to the Owner's own communication, namely the DV(x?) is on No. 15 omitted entirely. I don't know anything to say either
Mecklenburg Inedita. 205
except for the explanation of the assumption made there, Cr. 15 I would like to refer to Wismar, to say that this city a split shield with half a bull's head and two transverse beam led. In any case, the representation of the right-hand shield is therefore felt extremely peculiar. Whether the S on No. 16, since it No duke's name fits, the mint (Schwerin or As far as Stargard 1 is concerned, I'll leave it to myself.
About No. 18, which like No. 13 and 14 and so many pom- By the way, the different denarii of this time are one-sided Lisch, a well-known connoisseur, says that it looks very coppery Mecklenburg Antique Timer has already been heard as follows: let men say: “Mr. F. W. Eretzschmer in Berlin gave the club the drawing of a coin was given, which is probably the only one This is an example of this species and certainly belongs to Mecklenburg. It is a penny minted on one side, with a bull's head with hanging tongue and three balls between the horns and with a fish on each side of the bull's head. The coin is dated to the second half of the 13th century. Century 2 ] fall, and should perhaps in the city belonging to the Rostock rule Ribnitz, which has a bull's head in old seals with two fish (Slavic: ryba)." Except for the incorrect time - The requirement is to sign this and add that Minted under Duke Albrecht VII (1507 - 47) at Ribnitz became. Guestrow.
19) göIVITÄS DnigDoWCRLe in the bull's trefoil head with tongue out. Bf. °§aiVITgDItto DWQRL9 Cross, whose trunk (vertical bar is formed by oak leaves, broken in the middle of a circle with a point. — M.S. — Wt. 0.98 gr. Plate VII, No. 18.
1) see Vol. V, p. 82.
1) Lisch certainly did not see this much later coin.
206 H- Dannenberg, Mecklenburgische Inedita.
Completely the same stamp as this Wittenpfennig that we have owe to the discovery of Arnsberg (see this journal IV, 187), show two others in the Meckl. Jahrb. VI, p. 52 and in the Berl. Sheet I, p.286 described with MOnGTÄ°GVSTROWQ . Bf. °?MOnöTÄ 6VSTER0WQ and with MOIiGTÄgGV STROWG Rf. ÖIVIT • Dill X DWGRLG . You wini afterwards Our coin is also in Güstrow rather than in Malchin, Parchim or Teterow, the other mints of the Werle rule, can believe that they have been defeated because they have such an impression cities are not known.
H. Dannenberg.
The gold discovery in the old town hall in Erfurt.
After the old town hall of Erfurt several times ago It was torn down years ago and there is a magnificent new building on it The place was built on the ground of the first demolished police prison on the southern, the former The surrounding wall that was initially located after the previous district courts the milk alley to clean the site of stone rubble which the stonemasons did individually throughout the entire construction When we had hewn workpieces, one worker only cut 42 feet under the old floor of the house, just 2 inches below the topsoil, and hit an earthen flower pot, his Ax smashed. A large golden one was found in it Vessel of driven work without any decoration, such as that Shape of a Doric column pedestal with a double bulge 'the upper one formed by the closing lid): separates both smooth, narrow cylinder about the same height as the width of a Fingers is. Underneath this can was a pedestal (similar to (like a flat domed saucer) of much more size Dicke, who probably also had a similar rifle should be further rejected. According to the estimate of two Goldsmiths are the weight and the gold value.
kilos. Mark Pf.
1. of the vessel with base l,i<>o 27S4
2. 21 coat-of-arms shields 0.357 S56 80
206 H - Dannenberg, Mecklenburgische Inedita.
Completely the same stamp as this Wittenpfennig that we have owe to the discovery of Arnsberg (see this journal IV, 187), show two others in the Meckl. Jahrb. VI, p. 52 and in the Berl. Sheet I, p.286 described with MONGTÄ°GVSTROWG. Rf. °SM0n8TÄ 6VSTER0W9 and with MOKGTÄgGV STR0W9 Rf ÖIVIT • Dill X DWGRL9 . You wini afterwards Also our mint is in Güstrow rather than in Malchin, Parchim or Teterow, the other mints of the Werle rule, can believe that they have been defeated because they have such an impression cities are not known.
H. Dannenberg.
The gold discovery in the old town hall in Erfurt. 209
chronicle, Erfurt 1870] in an Erfurt meeting History and Antiquities Association on February 27th. J. reported. This pot is probably also filled with coins and jewelry things had been filled, but had been found before and stripped of its contents. — A more precise description Information and description of the gold coins that have now been found now prove that these were not already in 1349, but could not have been buried here until 20 years later at the earliest. nen, and because of the common location it may also be be permitted to discuss and describe the ornaments. 2. The 21 labels are 65 millimeters across the top wide and 70 mm. long; except at their three corners they have in a regular position 5 — S small holes with which they maybe something had been nailed on. Mr. Prime Lieutenant Goldsehmidt suspected that there might be inscriptions there, perhaps oriental, had been attached to it, and drew the Check the shields exactly with all the holes; but it will be difficult let us establish something certain about what kind of inscriptions could have been on it.
3a. The 32 Venetian Zecchines carry throughout the image of the Savior in an oval frame of stars with the Inscription: "Sit tibi Christe datus quem tu regis iste ducatus"; on the back presents Saint Marcus, behind which on the left the letters S M V € N € T I , the flag in front of him kneeling doge, with DVX written above his head, as a transcription but the name of the doge, from some many donblets, namely
2 coins from Bartolomeo Gradenigo (r. 1339 - 42). 15 by Andrea Dandolo (1343-54).
1 by Marino Falieri, MAm-FALCDRO 1354 — 55). 4 by Giovanni Dolphino ;1356 — 61.)
3 by Marco Cornaro (1365-68). 7 Andrea Contarini 1368 — 82).
Kilograms
Mark
pf.
0.116
278
40
0.084
201
60
0.010
24
0.071
170
40
0.005
12
0.068
163
20
208 Pro^Dr. C.H. Weissenborn,
3 a. 32 Venetian ] 3i. 1 Roman /
4. 24 gold florins (Hungary]
5. 3 Genoese ducats
6. 9 English Rose Nobel
7. 1 Roman Aureus (Numerianj
8. 33 bells without clapper
9. 29 panels to staple together ]
with eyelets f l 0.211 523 20
25 plates with hook J
from which information the average income is determined The weight of the individual coins can be determined because they are on Edges not as completely preserved as on the surfaces.
Almost all coins have holes in them.
Since the police prison, formerly called Paradise, in which chem the Erfurt students were locked up on the spot stood where a Jew Freitel used to build a tower had - only the Ereisgericht with its not very considerable Depth and its narrow courtyard separate it from the square in front of it today's synagogue - and there in this whole area, on left Geraufer down to the Mühlstegen (where the Jewish bad) and up to the Lehmannsbrücke, in the 14th century There were many Jewish houses, so it was reasonable to assume that the whole treasure at the onset of the horrible attacks on the Jews following 1349 perhaps rescued here from the synagogue and been recovered, but all those who knew about the site were there Judensturm want to have died so that no one later examine the place and bring the treasure back to light could bring. What is remarkable, by the way, is that before several years ago there was a completely empty one near this spot A rusty pot made of bell material was found on which There were still traces of silver decoration on the neck, like Mr. Bureau chief Hardening (author of the Erfurt Houses -
The gold discovery in the old Rtthhtuse in Erfurt. 209
chronicle, Erfurt 1870] in a meeting of the Erfhrtische History and Antiquities Association on February 27th. J. reported. This pot is probably also filled with coins and jewelry. things had been filled, but had been found before and stripped of its contents. — A more precise description Information and description of the gold coins that have now been found now prove that these were not already in 1349, but could not have been buried here until 20 years later at the earliest. nen, and because of the common location it may also be be permitted to discuss and describe the ornaments. 2. The 21 labels are 65 millimeters across the top wide and 70 mm. long; except at their three corners they have in an irregular position 5 - S small holes with which they maybe something had been nailed on. Mr. Prime Lieutenant Goldschmidt here assumed that there would be inscriptions, perhaps oriental, had been attached to it, and drew the Check the shields exactly with all the holes; but it will be difficult let us establish something certain about what kind of inscriptions could have been on it.
3a. The 32 Venetian Zecchines carry throughout the image of the Savior in an oval frame of stars with the Inscription: "Sit tibi Christe datus quem tu regis iste ducatus"; on the back presents Saint Marcus, behind which on the left the letters S M V € N € T I , the flag in front of him kneeling doge, with DVX written above his head, as a transcription but the doge's name, many of which have duplicates, namely
2 coins from Bartolomeo Gradenigo (r. 1339 - 42). 15 by Andrea Dandolo (1343-54).
1 by Marino Falieri, ;MAm-FAL€DRO 1354 — 55). 4 by Giovanni Dolphino 1356 — 61.)
3 by Marco Cornaro (1365-68). 7 Andrea Contarini 1368 — 82).
210 Pr °f- !>*• c - H. Weissenborn,
The Zecchines, like all Marin Falier coins are extremely rare.
3 6. Very similar to the Venetian in representation is a Roman coin, but presented here by S P€TRVS with the keys (the letters are also one below the other) a Senator Ur(bis) kneeling before him Flagpole, while on the front Christ in the oval The aureole is labeled: ROMA • CAPV • MV (ndi; S-P-Q-R*
4. 24 gold guilders of the Florentine type, one for the king Charles Robert of Hungary (1310 - 1342) belongs to the others his successor Ludwig I 1342 - 1382.
Hf KAROLV-REX Lily.
Bf S-IOHANNES-B, behind him Krone, the standing one saints, and Hf LODOVICI-REX, embossed and reverse as well.
5. Three Genoese ducats:
1) Hf +CONRADVS-RCX-ROMANORVM Cross with
Edging. Bf DVX-IANV€NSIVM*PRIMVS-C to get the wap pen from Genoa. Simon Boccanegra, first Doge. 1339 - 1345.
2) The back bears the inscription +J DVX-IANVE: QVA D€VS-PROT€GAT m
3) The back is the same as the previous one only at the beginning + A , at the end S. — Both also belong to the first Doge on.
6. Nine English Rose Nobels by Edward III. Two of the- the same will disappear hook and eye.
7. The oldest and most important of all existing coins zen is a well-preserved aureus of Numerianus as Augustus (282-284 AD).
The gold discovery in the entire district of Erfurt. 211
Bf. IMP NVMERI A NVS P-F-AVG portrait with
Laurel wreath reohtshin. Bf. VICTOjRI A AVGG The Emperor standing to the left, with a noticeably large right hand, from behind Victoria standing next to him is wreathed. Two in front of him pleading vanquished, one kneeling, the other standing.
The coin is not found at Cohen's and appears to be unoriginal.
8. The 33 G-locks have a diameter of 15 millimeters, but they are not completely round but have a sixfold debauchery jgj and a height of 4 millimeters excluding the top handle.
9. The 54 panels to staple together, 25 with hooks (the latter of which is supported by a special small square plate) before they are covered with a crescent moon and a star above it}, 29 with Eyelets, also contained in a square frame of Per- len the representation of a lion or a bull, which tail stretching backwards, charging forward; from the The animals facing the left have 14 hooks and 15 hooks Eyelets in front of them, of those facing the right, 1 have 1 of them Hooks, 12 the eyelets below each other, only one eyelet above the back; the whole thing is Byzantine work.
What the various pieces of jewelry were intended for, will hardly allow you to determine it with certainty; maybe were the bells, perhaps also the tags for decoration of the Torah in the synagogue, while the plates with Hooks and eyes (because of the crescent moon with star on the The smaller plate covering the hook is more of a decoration and to hold together the splendid robe of a Muhammad
21 2 Prof-Dr. C. H. Weistenborn, The gold discovery in the old Rathhanse in Erfurt.
Daners may have served. (The time of burial is probably as already noted above, not earlier than 1370 8 a.) Speaker admits that he doesn't have enough of the same older ones has seen jewelry than by comparing it with other similar antiquities provide a secure conclusion to the original purpose and use believed justified.
The magistrate of Erfurt wants to sell the doubles and the undersigned is ready to assist enthusiasts and buyers before making tin foil impressions available.
Erfurt, March 1877.
Prof. Or. C. H. Weiasenborn
Royal Librarian.
In addition to the 70 coins described above (including the doubles) was also in a private house last year on Anger, opposite the exit from Schlösserstrasse Gold guilders from Rupert of the Palatinate (I or IL) 1353-98 Hf. RVP6RT-DVX Lily. * Bf. S-IOHAHHES B- Standing Johannes, been found x).
HaW.
1) Owned by the glass and porcelain dealer Bode.
f*
Schubin's coin discovery again.
The strange discovery “made in the province of Poznań ancient Greek silver coins," which Levezow once had in one published his own extensive treatise *) and Alexander Ton Humboldt mentioned in the cosmos, is still whether- I have probably already expressed my doubts 2 ), as certain fact considered, most recently in detail in an un- Sadowski's long-published book on commercial streets of the Greeks and Romans 3). So it's still necessary to justify the doubts.
Levezow's report of the discovery: the coins were 1,824 at Schubin packed out, to Frankfurt on the Oder to the trade fair, and then brought to Berlin is completely unauthenticated; her is based solely on hearing people say that unknown people should one told this to the other. Levezov failed to the actual about the strange, isolated ones Found out by inquiring with the local authorities would have been easy back then and would have produced a reliable result would have. Of course, we now know that the Shubin area is rich in finds of Roman and medieval coins 4 ),
1) About several ancient Greek ones found in the Grand Duchy of Posen Coins, Berlin 1834 (Paris of the Berlin Academy).
1) J. Friedlaender, The Niemegk Coin Find, Märkische Research B. MI.
3) Translated from Polish by Albin Kohn, Jena 1877 p. 72.
4) See the news about coin discoveries in Cujavia, which I published in Berlin Buttering for coin studies Th. IV, p. 150.
Journal for numifunutics. V. 15
214 J- Friedlaender,
that a trade route must have touched it, but Greek coins have never been found in those areas been. A “rough copy found near the town of Lobsen” imitated Tetradrachmon of Thasus « J j cannot be considered Greek apply, because these extremely common pieces are not "by Thasus", but rather those shaped by the barbarians in northern Greece Copies. And since Sadowski says that the piece is "on the way" - been found, the report of the discovery is worrying. The Schubin's find is isolated.
According to Levezow it consists of 40 pieces. You are located are all in the coin cabinet.
There are 36 of the ancient ones, now common and real Coins allocated to Athens, they all have quite a bit irregular recessed square on the reverse side, mostly divided by two diagonals. On the front have 29 a wheel whose four spokes are partly smooth and partly on the circumference of the wheel in three parts each. There are 1 didrachm (8.47 grams), 2 drachmas (4.24 and 4.15), and 26 obols (0.71, 0.70 down to 0.61 and 0.58, a fairly well preserved one weighs 0.49). Furthermore, 7 pieces with the Gorgon's face, 1 Didrach mon (8.4 grams), and 6 obols (0.635 to 0.57). 2 yrs
All these coins are found together, that teaches From the looks of it, they all have the same color, namely lish oxide, and they are known to be so rare that they are impossible can be brought together in Germany.
Maybe they also include an Obol, which Levezow believed to be an Aeginean, but he was Erchomenus in Boeotia
1) Crüger, The antiquities found in the Bromberg administrative district, Mainz 1872. He lists many as “Greek coins”; Gold bracteates, »which in xober drawing a knight with flying hair, and the character n! have". You can see that these are Scandinavian pieces of jewelry, like the ones we often find here. to become; what was thought to be "the Greek inscription JZoßof". 4t wa runes.
2) Levezow's weight information is not always accurate.
Schubin's Mftnz found again. 215
heard. He has not a turtle but a grain of wheat, on the sides of which E R is visible on other copies the reverse side a recessed square, weight 1. 02 grams.
The question now is whether these 37 coins really belong to Schubin plowed out or whether they were found in the north of Greece have been. Because according to Cousin6ry, such coins will be the same as in Attica but also sometimes at the Macedonian and Thracian coasts found. So you would then be through there the Slavic lands came to Frankfurt on the Oder in 1824. at a time when the Frankfurt trade fairs were held by merchants Poland and its hinterland were often visited, right was probably possible.
And this makes it more likely that these 37 Two Greek coins certainly didn't come with them. found. This one for the origin and for the era Levezow did not pay enough attention to the most important circumstance of the find. paid attention to, or not taken into account correctly.
These two coins which have no oxide, but sanded and bright, different from those 37 at first glance distinguish, are: one of those usually assigned to Miletus small one with a lion's head and (on the letter) star, which Levezow Cyzicus believed, certainly wrongly, and completely ground triobolon from Athens. The 40th piece is one small modern Siamese coin. Consequently the find is not been kept pure, and it is much more likely that the
»
added two Greek coins that were foreign to him in Greece* have been added than that in Schubin, Frankfurt or Berlin should have happened.
The 36 coins do not belong to Olbia, as Levezow explains - Lich claimed and Sadowski repeated; so they prove nor any direct traffic from the Black Sea with the Amber Coasts; they belong to Athens.
It is equally erroneous that these 36 coins and those from Ercho
15*
.1
216 «*• FriedUender, Schubin's Monzfond again.
Melius were minted on 450 BC, they are probably on one century older; On the other hand, the two are attached to the find laid Greek coins younger than 450. The find proves So by no means “a trading expedition that only takes place in the "May have taken place between 460 and 440." The former Year is assumed because that was when the recessed square appeared I have heard what one does not know at all; the latter because The coin of Aegina could not be younger*, except this one Coin is not from Aegina I at all
The result of these comments is: 36 of the oldest coins zen from Athens and one from Erchomenus, at the latest around 500 BC, and two Greek ones from much later times, around 400, are said to have been plowed out at Schubin; — In any case, it was only the first 37, which are the last two certainly been added in our time. The found message is completely unsafe.
This is how numerous finds of Roman coins are authenticated and some of Roman implements and bronze figures in our lands, a find of a number of Greek few coins there; it is therefore unlikely but it is not impossible. The one found on the way barbaric tetradrachm is not an analogue.
With the actual foundations, the conclusions are ments about a Greek trading expedition from the Black Seas to the Amber Coast, as far as they are based on this find are built, no longer apply.
This is unfortunate, but we are all looking for the truth.
J. Friedlaender.
Obituary.
Adolf von Ranch
is in Baden-Baden on June 26th after years of pain Suffering died.
He was born in 1805, the son of the later praised the engineer general and builder of Ehrenbreitstein, who later became Minister of War, and his first marriage to the daughter of the also famous engineer general von Exactly.
The father had the young man, who was eager to learn, to give him one to give classical education, the Joachimsthalsche Gymnasium Attend until you graduate from university and only then enter it Let the army enter. This scientific, rigorous Training aimed at fulfilling duty and serious work — he particularly praised the older Zumpt, to whom he gave a great deal owed part of his knowledge - gave his whole life Content and coloring. He fulfilled his military duties exemplary, even unusual loyalty, most recently as a long-standing one Leader of the squadron garrisoning in Charlottenburg Garde du corps ; The peace service alone couldn't take the time fill nor satisfy the urge for intellectual activity. Already at an early age he turned away from his sharp and His right-looking father was also favored in this regard, numismatics to, and began according to the way of the time, young men and after following the example of one of his superiors, a collection of thalers:
2 1 8 Obituary.
but soon he made the acquaintance of B. Friedlaender, and learned from it, grouped according to historical aspects Collection the numismatic science in its essence and know their branches. He quickly realized that it wasn't them indiscriminate accumulation of unconnected rarities of a randomly chosen genre, but that coins zen only have value insofar as they accompany the story and explain, official monuments of the past which correspond to theirs Efforts are made to understand language, often more clearly and confidently Give notice as the writers.
After quickly deciding on his numerous After getting rid of the thaler collection, he began to buy antique coins collect, first Roman then Greek, which he soon collected time a large number united. With tireless zeal Over the years he gained an extremely wide range of knowledge nisse and at the same time a safe and fine tact Recognizing and allocating the coins, which him, even if the inscription was missing, guess the fatherland of the coins or could be felt, often in surprising ways. Several in theirs Simplicity, excellent essays in German and foreign Magazines testify to how extensive his knowledge and how deep his experience was.
Because he doesn't have both the possession and the gathering of Genoa granted, he decided to start his collection in 1853 Greek coins of 4300 pieces to the royal. Coin cabinet to be left over in order to immediately use the proceeds to make a second collection. to begin. His official position, as chamberlain Princess Luise of Prussia after he left the army when Major retired, kept him from for many years Far from Berlin, he now turned his attention particularly to gold coins, Greek and Roman, of which he used a large number agreed, including the most beautiful and rarest pieces, just to One thing to mention: a rich sequence of the rare Aurei
Obituary. 219
Roman Republic. It was this part of his collection which he particularly enjoyed. May a favorable fate protect this treasure from fragmentation.
After his wife and daughter had previously went out, he had the pain in 1S70 that the eldest of his three sons as captain in the glorious Battle of Gravelotte fell. But he also endured this blow with devotion to the fatherland and with providence the will of God, which accompanied him through life.
Masculine and open, childlike pure and mild, all dishonest He lived in high esteem, devoid of emotions and averted from all pretenses from the Emperor, who met him with the Crown Prince in the last Illness was pleased by his visit and so was his faithful service recognized which he had dedicated to him and his house, loved by his mistress and those around her, by the nossen of his science, as once of his soldierly subordinates, for whose well-being he had truly cared for in a fatherly manner, not even afraid of conflicts, which he faces in his nature after happy to avoid them when it came to them to ensure their rights.
How he was loved by everyone, how they related to him might suit him, from the highest as well as from the humble sten, everyone now mourns for him and becomes one with him keep loyal memories.
J.F.
literature,
Bahrfeldt, M., Roman consular coins. Berlin 1877. — Compilation of several essays by 'Vf. in the “Numis” matic-sphragistic indicator« ; individual notes about the con- sular coins (namely the so-called coat of arms coins) of the Collections Turin, Florence, Rome, Naples, and in-depth speaking of Fabretti's Gatalog of the Turin Collection. In it says the Vf.: “The chronological arrangement is for scientific “The only thing that can be used for practical purposes.” Even if it is, of course is that the special researcher is happy to see the big results newer research is welcomed and expanded to the best of our ability If you're looking for something, I have to say again that it's for big ones public collections solely for administrative purposes Reasons, the alphabetical order is the correct one. Ours The system for the Greek coins is just an artificial one. something that is not chronological, but therefore not as ignorant. to give up commercially. — That, by the way, a single observation It is often enough to get coins with the utmost certainty at six To date back years, I used to do this on the occasion of the Pursuit of the coins of the Monetary Clodius among the Triumvirs shown. So the scientific research and the administrative strative arrangement are two different things.
A.v. S.
Deecke, W., Etruscan research. II. The Etrus Chinese coinage.
Literature. 221
The extremely diligent compilation given by the Vf. Description and weight of all Etruscan coins is very grateful. His in-depth investigations into I can't follow the military systems of this area, and I like a lot of it, like some of the points in general modern metrology, for extremely daring and fantastic, min- at least to be considered completely unprovable. That's how it has to be Do the coin types strive for far-fetched symbolism (e.g. the club of Heracles on the club-like groups of rays to interpret sunrise and sunset or the zodiacal light, be strongly disapproved of. As for the individual, 10 I would just like to note that the so-called Lion Chimaera never on a “bridge” or “country road,” but on one on coins very common decorated floor piece goes or stands. The declaration of inauthenticity of the well-known piece of gold “reis papi” under the bull on the back is completely missing; This piece, which is considered one of the most valuable cimelias in the The British Museum is undoubtedly eight, •o very also his inscription of a completely secure explanation still waiting.
As for the linguistic side of the present study As far as that is concerned, it is not my business to make any judgment about it to pronounce. The plaintiff is already considered a meritorious researcher recognized in this field, and we numismatists must be responsible for every new study of the kind can only be grateful without their to be able to assess philological value. A.v. S.
Grünauer, Dr. E., Ancient Greek coin types. Winterthur
1877.
This engaging treatise is a high school program,
but also grants the professional numismatist many opportunities to interest and instruction. Included is a well-executed one autotype panel by A. Frisch in Berlin, depicting important tiger coin types: demaretion. Athenian Tetradrachmon, Cisto-
222 Literature.
phor u.s. w., including the Seitue Agrigen Tillian Fentelitron with PEN above the standing eagle. — The thought, yes to awaken a love of numismatics in high school and Teaching teachers and students some knowledge of this is extremely happy, considering that in many cases the worst Ignorance in all numismatic matters, often complete ignorance There is an inability to appreciate such monuments.
A.v. S.
Kirchhoff, A., studies on the history of the Greek Chinese alphabet. 3rd edition Berlin 1877.
In this significantly increased and changed edition of the Excellent treatise, numismatics is also much more than in the earlier ones drawn into the circle of investigation, and many important results are taken from it. It may be allowed I have a lot to add in this regard. p. 155 mentioned coins from Sybaris with MVB-PI (avß[a]Qi) are in the time before the first destruction of this city by the Crotos Niates, 510 B.C. BC (Ol. 67, 2). All the monuments of those Areas with fractional iota f would therefore still need a lot more be older, especially the rare incuses of Sybaris the inscription Hf KA above the bull and the one in style with these , and other common ones corresponding to the incuses of Siris Incuses of Sybaris. Siris and Pyxus, their Homonoia coin always shows the broken iota S, must have been minted before 580, the year of the destruction of Siris.
The result of all this would be that the broken iota f already before 510 in those areas outside Ge- was custom. But those small silver coins cited as proof coin from Sybaris with the full inscription MVB(A)PI undoubtedly from a much later period'). The coins of this kind are no longer incusi of ancient style, but two-typical,
1) It is apparently that of Mommsen G. d. R. M. 147 according to Luynes nice copy.
Literature. 223
definitely the 5th century, the second founding of Sy- baris, 58 years after the first destruction, related pieces *) , and they belong to the class which appears in the Catalog of the British Museum with irrefutable certainty in the short period the existence of that second Sybaris, 453 - 448 BC. set become. The existence of the even iota I and the abandonment of the broken S before 510 is therefore not in the min- least to prove. As for the coins of Caulonia, so We even often find the fractional iota on the gar not overly old, also only dating back to the 5th century hearing non-Incuses, which have a sublime on both sides Picture showing didrachms. — The reading given by Leake a very late silver coin from Sybaris, from the period of third founding of the city, certainly long after 443 BC. BC, with Pallas's head and bull and the inscription SYBAP/ is by Mommsen (R. M., p. 147) rightly doubts this. All mine Known pieces of this type have grade I. — That, by the way fractional and even iota, S and I on two sides an and the same coin appear at the same time, so often that you can They teach that you shouldn't believe in using older stamps Coins from Posidonia 2 ) belonging to the first half of the 5th century belong to a hundred; it also says on a coin from Terina, which may have been minted around 400 or just a little earlier the front Tt^AlON, on the back O^AM^^aT»).
To the very interesting note about the Thracian, in I would like to visit Mende near Aenus (page 106 note). add that sätrtliche, belonging to the 5th century Sübermtnzen with MENAAION, MI NA AON, the frequent one MENAAIH, as well as the later ones, around the beginning of the
1) Eckhel I, 161. Diod. XI, 90.
2) E.g. Friedlaender and Sallet, Das Kgl. Mihizcabinet 2nd ed. No. 681. Millingen, Sylloge plate I, 7.
3) In Rauch's collection.
224 literature.
4. Centuries to be set copper coins with MENAAIQN (Berlin), due to exact style and type correspondence t) and can only be assigned to a single city, Of course, this can only be the case in Pallene. the interpretative city of Mende, which took part in the Peloponnesian War plays an important role. So we have the striking fact- thing that comes to us from the Thracian one located near Aenus Mende, according to Kirchhof's opinion, the sculptor's hometown Paeonius, not a single coin has survived, which - the fewer I the philological justification of the new observation church court wants and is allowed to challenge - it would always be peculiar, there us precisely the Thracian cities of that area and that time deliver large quantities of coins; In any case, we have to go to Paeonius 9 At that time the Thracian Mende was a completely meaningless place may have been, while on the other hand those who were certainly after the Palle A not very rare old silver coin belonging to the Mende region MENAAIH proves that in the Pallenian Mende in the 5th year- hundred H for t) was in use.
On page 107: “Individuals of this series (of the coins from Rhe- gium after Anaxilas) are even supposed to write RECINOS« I notice that the oldest coins of Rhegium come from Ana- xila's time (apart from the ancient Incusus), with the Sami The types of lion skin and calf head are always M0MI33R have, the later tetradrachms with lion skin and seated Men usually have RECINOS (also declining), rarely 20MI03A (very rarely right-handed) or the genitive plural. Those with X are later than those with S. On the of the treatise enclosed card (see the explanation of the same on the last page) th page), Himera in Sicily is counted among the cities,
1) At first glance the vine on the back seemed to me to be one of these Tetradrachms, which agree exactly with Maronea, for the Thracian Mende speak. But I soon convinced myself that this was completely impossible allocation.
Literature. 225
which do not have the Y as Psi, but rather this symbol for Use Chi and express the Psi by 7rg, q>g or %. But we have one that dates back to the 5th century Certainly a monument to Euclid that was made a few decades before Euclid City of Himera, which has the Y as Psi, the beautiful last of Friedlaender in the 1st volume of the Berlin sheets for coins etc. Tetradrachm from the Arolsen collection discussed by the customer:
Hf. AA3MI i) The nymph Himera standing to the right. Rf. TEAOY Pelops in a two-horse team on the right, in the off- cut a coniferous branch with fruit 2 ).
A.v. S. Lambros, P. , Monnaies inädites de Baimond Zacosta. Athens 1877.
Two unedited silver coins of this Grand Master of the Rho diser, 1461 - 1467, both from the fabulous rarities the kind rich collection of the Vf. The Hf shows the usual Loan introduction of the praying Grand Master and the transcription F-P€R€ (Pierre) RASBOT1 • SACOSTA , the Rf. the bust of the Baptist and 02PITALI2-2- IOATll2-lhL, on the other The same applies to the coin, with a slight variation.
A.v. S.
Ljubic, Prof. S., The discovery of Roman gold coins the first century of the imperial period, made in Semlin in the Croatian-Slavonian military border on December 16th. 1875. Agram 1876.
230 Roman gold coins from Nero to Trajan (TR POT COS II), which after a historical introduction (pp. 3 - 10) are described in detail, including first-rate rarities: Julia, Titas' daughter with the peacock and the elephant team and the Divus Titus on the reverse; Domitia with the little
1) So, not AS3MI. This is just an oversight of the illustration, Friedlaender* Text gives the inscription correctly.
2) 8o it seems to me, not a palm branch.
226 Literature.
new Divus Caesar on the globe. Twelve of the rarer ones Pieces are shown on the accompanying board.
A.v. S.
By the same author: Na obrann pravosti staro- srbskih zlatnih novaca. Agram 1876.
About the doubted Slavic medieval gold coins. Unfortunately, this is a very interesting item The treatise is only accessible to a few people because it is in Croatian. written in Spanish. The author writes to me: » . . . io ho pubblicato un' opusculo , in cui ho dimostrato con piena evidenza, che le medal and le monete giunte in Au- stria dalla vecchia Servia sono authentic e genuinissime.« That the excellently and stylishly crafted gold coins, which I saw here in the hands of Mr. Egger, wrong should be, was always extremely doubtful to me (cf. this time- writing Vol. IV, 215), but I had to make certain assurances ration that some were minted on modern Austrian ducats be, believe. The photos kindly sent to me by Mr. L. Graphs fully confirm the authenticity of the coins the examples of those made for the most unclean purposes, pieces deliberately minted on Austrian ducats should be. — Of course they have a strange appearance the large medallions, but these are also quite stylish. However, the Udinese manufacturers have given us examples of the most stylish Counterfeit delivered. The literature of the whole interesting question can be found in the Viennese numismatic magazine, which, I hear there is also a longer article written in German of Mr. Vf. on this subject.
A.v. S.
Numismatic Chronicle, London 1877. I. Koehne, B. v., Drachms of Aristarchus, dynast of Golchis. A very Thankful observation: the author rectifies the previously accepted Tentive reading of the extremely rare coin of this one from Fompeius
Literature. 227
appointed dynasts based on an example from the collection Kabuli Pasha. It doesn't say BAXIAEQX; the inscription is: APIZTAPXO(Y) TOY Eni KOAXIAO(Z). Again one Proof that even very experienced numismatists have been using one for years Have a coin in your hands (here Fox and the officials of the Berlin collection) and yet read it wrong until the happy one Discovery of another specimen sheds light. Madden, F., Christian emblems on the coins of Constantine the great, until family and bis successors. In-depth study of this internal interesting monuments. Signs of Christianity appear on coins of Constantine and his family as well as on those his co-emperor Licinius and his son, from the time of Friendship of Gonstantin and Licinius. That too in Berlin A copy of such a coin from Licinius Jr. (Madden p. 54 No. 13) shows the very clear monogram Christ. Cochran-Patrick, R.W., Notes towards a metallic history of Scotland. Hoblyn, R.A., Coins of the milled series Literature. Miscellaneous. A.y. S.
Schlumberger, 6th, Sceaux des Chevaliers de l'hopital. Jeton du trtsor doutre-mer. 1876.
Schlumberger, 6., Monnaies dor d'un chef bulgare du XP siöcle, Sermon, governor de Sirmium. 1877 (both from the Revue archiologique; . *
Dr. Schlumberger, to whom we now also have a larger plant about the crusader coins, there are in the above small treatises extremely interesting Inedita: a seal of the Johanite Grand Master Nicolaus de Lorgue with a German halo around the head of a building figure lying on a base: so this is certainly the one here grave, not a plague patient, which, according to Vf. Opinion the whole question, whether always the holy grave, or whether sometimes a plague patient is depicted, is not decided will. Also an interesting chip. in the type of the Gigliati
228 Literature.
Grand Master similar and with the inscriptions: getovers da treser doultre meir. The trtsor d'outre mer: the taxes for the war in the Holy Land, which were drafted into France. The second treatise gives a previously unrecognized gold coin :
Hf. monogram from OEOTOKE BOHOEI
Bf. Z6PMUU CTPTIAAT in three lines.
'A/. 4.
This Ziq^uo atqa%r)Xa%rß is, as the author suggests, points, 6 tov SiQfiiov xQcruov Ziqfiiav of Gedrenus, a bulga- Indian dynast in Sirmium, who was exiled by the Byzantines in 1019. was treacherously murdered.
A.v. S.
Zenobia and Vaballathus.
In the collection of the Dutch consul in Gairo, Mr. E. D. F. Dnlith there is a 44 cent, high alabaster plate, According to the owner, it was found in Lower Egypt the following Greek - Latin inscription, which consists exclusively may also be of interest to numismatists. She is printed in the Revue archäologique vol. 30 (1875) p. 111 and I have a copy made by Mr. L. Stern and in copy and photography by Lepsius friendly partners mediation. The written forms are those of the late Roman period (E and C next to each other, lü), but by no means actually bar- baric.
BaoiXtooTjg times ßaai\liwg nQoara^avrwv \ dvxl rfjg nQoavayiet^ivrfi neqi trjg ava&iodwg %r\g rrQOoevxfjS nla\xbg fj vnoyeyQa^evr] \ ini- yQCHprjTO) (for insyQCHpeTO or hceyQaqtfrr)) \ ßaaikevg IlxoXe^ialog Ev\€Qyerrjg tfjv rtQoaevxrjv | aovXov \ Regina et \ rex ius8er(un)t. IlQOoevxq is the name used especially in Egypt. tion of the Jewish grotto house; So this is about one that existed in Lower Egypt, perhaps in Alexandria itself existed and that of King Ptolemy Euergetes, presumably the second (146 - 117 BC), who received the right of asylum. The inscription that said this was discovered some time later- again on the orders of ßaaiXiaaa xal ßaoikevg, regina et rex.
Jtato script for numerology. V. 10
230 Th - Mommsen,
These rulers who have not named themselves cannot be sought in the dark Ethiopian circles, for example, whether probably a nameless domina regina from this area is known (G. I. L. III, 83); because the stone comes from Unter- Egypt. To refer to Cleopatra and Antony the stone No one will seriously think of it ') , how the writing clearly points to the decline of the imperial era. Well But another combination presents itself: I mean Zenobia and Vaballathus. The time and place are initially right for this; because be- As is well known, the ephemeral Palmyrene dynasty has its rulers Shaft extends to Egypt and is even the national coin here been added to their names for a few years. Suitable for her furthermore, the bilingualism that is so striking in Egypt: from the Coins of Vaballathus are known to bear the non-Egyptian, Latin, the Alexandrian ones, probably coined in Antioch niche Greek inscription, and it appears that He too, like the ordinary emperors, as an imperial ruler the Latin, as ruler of Egypt the Greek language as the official one, which is why our inscription, in which the Greek text precedes and is more detailed abbreviated Latin appears second, at best true. Finally, the Zenobia leads to two inscriptions (Lebas- Waddington 2611), one of which is from August 271, the Title ßaoiliooa. From her son Vaballathus Athenodorus this title is not yet known. But since after the newly found which inscription it cannot properly be doubted that The title of king was also given to him, so in the Latin inscriptions on his coins, which are now in particular after
1) But this conjecture would still be called reasonable must be compared with the French publisher's »Combination en« seriously consider whether one should remember Cleopatra II and her son Ptolemy 130 - 127 BC BC or to Cleopatra III. and her son Soter II. 117 - 107 BC Chr. to think about. Where these ladies learned Latin, we don't find out.
Zenobia and Vaballathus. 231
the suggestions from Sallets (The Princes of Palmyra p. 35 fg.) read zn be maintained v(ir) c(onsularis) R(omanorum) vaccination rator) d(ux) R(omanorum) the third letter rather in r(ex) to be dissolved. Romanorum is very popular in conjunction with dux of order; but in the first place it excites in every way An8toss. Romanorum Imperator, like Sallet (p. 38). seems to violate the well-known epigraphic law, which prohibits the suggestion of the genitive; Waddington's reading (ibid. 0.) vir clarissimus Romanorum is rather tolerable, but still worrying, since this addition is only there in place. where he misses comprehension, as with the designations OTQctTrjyoQ and tafiiag (cf. e.g. Constitutional Law 22, 523), but this is the case with vir clarissimus does not apply. Finally, at least he would can be waited for instead of the double Romanorum rather, the two titles to which the appendix is attached should, linked by et, for example imperator et dux Romano- ram would have set. We escape all of this when we read: v(ir) c(onsularis), r(ez), im(perator), d(ux) R(omanorum). — End The prefix of the queen is so strange in itself in front of the king with Zenobia and Vaballathus, it is quite understandable, even if we are not able to take over the official position of the Matter to the son, perhaps at different times was different, to be defined with full clarity under constitutional law. Afterwards I see that Sallet himself is in one second essay in the Vienna numismat. Ztschr. 2 (1876), 31 fg. his earlier reading Romanorum imperator withdrawn and the correct rex imperator suggested, mainly is true due to the fact that Vaballathus on his coins wearing the royal headband.
Th. Mommsen.
16
Monzfound near Cajazzo.
An old road led up the Volturnus Valley to Caiatia and from there over the Cajazzo to the north-east of the hills trains, roughly following today's route to Ruviano down into the valley, crossing the river at the “Scafa di Bajano”, and so to Telesia, from there onwards, following the Calore, to Beneventum, where they reconnect with the via Appia. she had separated from at Casilinum: it was a mountain road, well suited for people visiting the ports of the Wanted to reach the east coast and had reason to do so, the big one To avoid the main road where it is naturally the same was the busiest, i.e. h. upon their departure from Campania and especially at Gapua itself. On this street, close to hers ancient lava pavement hidden under a large pile of stones A farm boy found it at the beginning of September this year Treasure to be discussed: the point about 3 kilometers north East of Cajazzo located approximately at the top of the pass, from where the road went back down into Volturnusthal nor to the district of Cajazzo and the municipality of Ruviano; the area is called S Vincenzo. Of traces I didn't see anything there in terms of old facilities or buildings. I have still heard about it, but I was told in Cajazzo that A sword was previously found there, its handle decorated with colorful stones (“cristallini”) and for 30 Piaster was sold: there are also remains of bronze implements you collected there. The coins, all gold and
F. von Duhn, coin discovery near Cajazzo. 233
wn wonderful preservation and beauty, a very large display number fresh from the stamp, were in a pot of extremely fine terracotta with walls barely 3 millimeters thick, and fluffy shape, certainly tapering at the bottom: it was on the outside and left without paint on the inside, and in this also resembled most most of those very light drinking bowls with dented heights lungs on the lower half of the wall, which contain the testa Surrentina should imagine and in fact, as far as it can be traced, from Capna coming: unfortunately I only saw shards of the vessel, because it was smashed when found.
I found out about the find by chance on a short trip in those areas, could rush right there and then a few days after the discovery we experienced and saw many things, what would later have been lost to science: 215 of Coins were already sold in Naples and I succeeded not to determine the owner to show them to me: but saw I still have a large number in Cajazzo itself, some of them in my hands individual individuals scattered, partly collected in a specu- lative hand: except a few scattered ones will be mine There only 41 escaped, which a priest acquired, and as it is said, has already been accommodated abroad. Others I later saw it in a private property in S. Maria di Capua. Some in Naples, at least I heard about others Reports. Only one report appeared in print, from one Cqatiner in the Neapolitan newspaper "Roma" from September 12th - tember, quite in-depth, but essentially about the external ones Circumstances of discovery. However, I am convinced that the following compilation of the examples I have seen plan the types found completely in all essentials there, and also the proportions of the individual Otherwise, if you know the entire inventory, it doesn't matter too much would shift: the latter is stated differently,
234 F. von Duhn,
between 600 - 1000: the true number is closer to the former number lie than the second.
The coins were buried soon after Caesar's death: The majority of those that can be determined with certainty date back to the year 711 earliest TOS. The following compilation provides more details. The attached date is the one currently received, the one that has been people who haven't dated are standing in what is now most likely for them place. The final number denotes the sum of myself specimens seen.
Number 1) 708 head of the Pictas n . r. C CAESAR «COS »TER Sacrificial devices A«HIRTIVS PR Cohen Hirtia 3!» 2) 708—9 Bust of Victoria r. C«CAES«DICT-TER Jug L-PLANCPRVRB Coh. Munatia 1t> 3) 708—9 Bust of Victoria n.r. C-CAES-DICTTER Pitcher l_PLANCPRAEFV*B Coh. Munatia 2 2 4) 710 Head of Venus r. CAES*DIC«QVAR Laurel wreath, inside: COS*QVINC Coh. Julia 28 3 5) 710-11 Head of Africa r. sella curulis, a bird in each of the racks, whereupon a helmet LCESTIVSCNORBA-S- CPR Coh. Cestia 1 13 5«) 710 — 11 Head of Africa r. sella curulis. in each of the two racks Native branch L-CESTIVS CNORBASC- PPR1 hb) 710 — 11 Head of Africa n.r. sella curulis, a bird in each of the racks: above the racks, on each side of them coming out, two tongues at each other SNAKES L-CESTIVS CNORBA IXS'C P-R 1 Coin discovery near Gajazzo. 235 number of Year of Rome coins 6) 710—11 Head of Venus r. CNORBANVS L- CESTIVS, in the field PR Coh. Cestia 2. Norbana 1 7. Cybele on her chariot n. 1, in the field S # C 7) 710 - 12 females Head to the right M-SERVILIVS-LEG Tropaion. QCAEPIOBRVTVS-IMP
Coh. Servilia 19 11
both Exx. flower of conio.
8) 710—11 Head of Brutus n.r. BRVTVS«
IMP
Tropaion on two ship's spurs CASCA-LONGVS
Coh. Junia 30. Servilia 22 7
9) 710-12 females Head to the right C-CASSHMP BODY
TAS
Urceus and lituus. LENTVLVS SPINT
Coh. Cassia 19 7
10) 710 - 12 females Head to the right CCASSIIMP
Coh. Cassia 22 7
aplustre M SERVILIVSLEG
11) 711 Head of Ceres to the right
in the wheat wreath LMVSSIDIVS
LONGVS
Coh. Mussidia I 1
12) 711 Head of Sol to the right, behind it a quiver
Crescent moon and five stars, including P* CLODIVS-M-F Coh. Clodia 14 4
13) Female Head to the right
Venus, n. 1. standing, leaning against a "pillar, on the raised L. a mirror, with the K. holding the robe C-VIBIVS-VARVS
Coh. Vibia 27 59
14) 711 Head of Caesar's father r. C’CAESAR«
DICTPERPPOrT-MX
234 F. von Duhn,
between 600 - 1000: the true number is closer to the former number lie than the second.
The coins were buried soon after Caesar's death: The majority of those that can be determined with certainty date back to the year 711 earliest 708. The following compilation provides more details. The attached date is the one currently received, the one that has been people who haven't dated are standing in what is now most likely for them place. The final number denotes the sum of myself specimens seen.
number of Year of Rome coins
1) 708 head of the pietas no.r. C -CAESAR -COS »TER
Sacrificial Devices A • H I RTI VS P R Cohen Hirtia 39
2) 708—9 Bust of Victoria r. C-CAES-DICT-TER
Pitcher LPLANCPRVRB Coh. Munatia 1 6
3) 708—9 Bust of Victoria n.r. C-CAES-DICT-TER
Pitcher L-PLANC-PRAEF-V?B
Coh. Munatia 2 2
4) 710 Head of Venus r. CAES-DIC-QVAR
Laurel wreath, inside: COS-QVINC
Coh. Julia 28 3
5) 710-11 Head of Africa r.
sella curulis, a bird in each of the racks, whereupon a helmet L-CESTI VS-C-NORBA-S- C-PR Coh. Cestia l 13
5«) 710 — 11 Head of Africa r.
sella curulis. in each of the two racks Laurel branch L-CESTIVS CNORBA-S-C- P-PR 1
56) 710—11 Head of Africa r.
sella curulis, a bird in each of the racks: above the racks, on each side of them coming out, two tongues at each other Snakes L-CESTIVS C-NORBA IXS-C P-R 1
Coin discovery near Gajazzo. 235
number of Year of Rome coins
6) 710—11 Head of Venus r. CNORBANVS L-
CESTIVS, in the field PR
Goh. Cestia 2. Norbana 1 7.
•
Cybele on her chariot n. 1, in the field S*C
7) 710 - 12 females Head to the right M-SERVILIVS -LEG
Tropaion. QCAEPIO-BRVTVS-IMP
Coh. Servilia 19 11
both Exx. flower of conio.
8) 710—11 Head of Brutus r. BRVTVS
IMP
Tropaion on two ship's pros CASCALONGVS
Coh. Junia 30. Servilia 22 7
9) 710-12 females Head to the right C-CASSI-IMP-LEIBER
TAS
Urceus and lituus. LENTVLVS SPINT
Coh. Cassia 19 7
10) 710 - 12 females Head to the right C-CASSI-IMP
Coh. Cassia 22 7
aplnstre M-SERVILIVS -LEG
11) 711 Head of Ceres to the right
in the wheat wreath L-MVSSIDIVS
LONGVS
Coh. Mussidia 1 1
12) 711 Head of Sol to the right, behind it a quiver
Crescent moon and five stars, including P* CLODIVSMF Coh. Clodia 14 4
13, female Head to the right
Venus, n. 1. standing, leaning against a pillar, on the raised L. a mirror, with the R holding the robe C-VIBIVS-VARVS
Coh. Vibia 27 59
14) 711 Head of Caesar's father r. C «CAESAR •
DICT-PERP'POrT-MX
236 F. T number of Year of Rome's Menxen Head of Caesar's son r. C-CAESAR • COS • PON"- A/G Coh. Julia 36 4
See Sallet, Journal. f. Number IV. 139.
15) 711 Bearded head of M. Antonius r. M-AN
TONIVS-IMP-Ill-VIR-R-P-C-A/G
Head of Caesar's son r. C- CAESAR •
IMP-lll-VIRR-P-C-POrT-A/G
Coh. Antonia 7 1
16) 711 Head of M. Lepidus r. M-LEPIDVS-
lll-VIR-R-P-C
female Figure n. 1. with scepter and simpuluro L-REGVLVS-Ill-VIR-A-P-F
Coh. Livineia 8 1
17) 711 Head of M. Lepidus n 1. M-LEPIDVS-
lll-VIR-R-P-C
female Figure with a cornucopia, in the R. one Spear, at her feet a Tropaion P-CLO DIVS-M-F-llll-VIR-A-P-F
new. cf. Sallet 1. c. IV. 137. 1
18) 711 Beard. Head of M. Antonius r. M-ANTO
NIVS-lll-VIR-RP-C
Mars, on e. Rock sitting n. 1. with spear, Shield and sword, resting. L • REGVLVS * llll-VIR-A-P-F Coh. Livineia 9 2
19) 711 Beard. Head of M Antonius r. M-ANTO
NIVS-lll-VIR-RP-C
so-called Pantheon. P-CLODIVSM-F-llll-VIR- A-P-F Coh. Clodia 17 1
Cf. Sallet 1. c. IV, 139.
20) Beard. Head of M. Antonius r. M-ANTO
NIVS-lll-VIR-R-P-C
two joined hands. C-VEIBIVS- VAARVS new. 2
21) 711 Head of Caesar's son r. C-CAESAR-
lll-VIR-R-PC
Coin discovery near Cajazzo. 239
VARVS (No. 13). There is no reason not to do the same also to put in this year, according to those with the bare Legend L«MVSSIDIVS*LONGVS and P-CLODIVS-M-F, samples of which we also found at Cajazzo (No. 1 1. 12). Since the Triumvirate only closed in the fall, that is relatively short time was left for minting, so that Failure to mention the Triumvirs on such numerous coins zen, like the latter, would be noticeable, I have in the above Overview of those (Nos. 11 - 13) placed in front of the triumvirate, too before those by de Saulcy and v. Sallet certainly dated No. 14. Don't blame me for how I, as a philologist, C*VIBIVS* VARVS before C-VEIBIVS-VAARVS: Kitschto Investigations (Mon. epigr. tria p. 22 ff., cf. P. L. M. E. on tab LX, Buecheler, lat. Decl. 25, Corssen, Vokalisraus I 2 . 15) have the vowel, particularly brought into play by Accius gemination ..to designate the length between the years 620 and 680 restricted, for the El for I, however, the duration left open until Augustus. This one through the inscriptions The confirmed position corresponds to the Betilienus Vaarus, for example on the well-known building inscription from Alatri (C. I. L. I. 1166 = Wilmanns 706); However, our Vaarus£ falls 30 years after Ritschis Time limits, as well as Numonius Vaala, whose coins are now from Mommsen can also be assigned to the year 711 (Mommsen- Blacas II. 550). The denarii of C. Vibius fall in the same year Pansa (Mommsen-Blacas II. 54b), and that egg only inorganic, arbitrary designation of the length in the name Vibius, teach Oscan inscriptions abound. So we don't want to go to that but at least somewhat forced assumption applies, C. Vibius Varus had the old spelling of his name until the year 71 1 maintained down, and his first in the fall of this year Coins for the triumvirs were still struck with that shape, then left the same and now in without remembering the triumvirs a disproportionate amount given the short amount of time left
238 F - from Duhn,
and Regulus submitted to it and their later coins with the name and portrait of the new rulers draws, while her colleagues Lariscolus and Capitolinus “The fact that this non-connection is one the complete resignation of both from office is to be equated, follows from v. Sallet's convincing deduction that the denarii of Clodius with Caesar's picture and the inscription CAESAR IMP before Caesar's official consecration, in the year 711 put, so P. Clodius also got Quattuorvir in that year was in this magazine. IV. 135 ff.). Aurei were known of Clodius, son of Antonius and Caesar, earlier in the year 716 assigned (Borghesi, Mommsen), by Sallet because of the great similarity with those of Regulus and Longus also pointed to the year 711; only misses Sallet ibid p. 137 Coins of Lepidus from the Monetary Clodius: the ones pronounced there Little confidence that there would still be such people is gone No. 17 of the Cajazzo discovery came true, v. Sallet concludes his deduction on this question with the words: “that Collegium therefore consisted of Regulus, Longus, Clodius and a fourth." He didn't look for this fourth, although he did Even p. 135 gives what the coins of P. have in common. Clodius with those of C. Yibius Varus. It becomes from the From the above list it is clear to everyone that the fourth coin The master was C. Vibius, who was also placed earlier in the year 716 Varus was. Coins of Antonius and C. Caesar (No. 20 and 24), both still unknown: the Back with the image of two joined hands and the inside font C • VEIBIVS • VAARVS is common to both: that The external appearance of these coins is exactly the same as that of the other three Mttnz gentlemen. In addition, there were striking signs of the same thing A large number of the well-known gold pieces with the so-called head of the Venus, and on the reverse Venus standing in front of a column with the mirror in his hand and the inscription C'VIBIVS*
About the Cajazzo coin find.
An Italian coin dealer who owns a part of the acquired the most interesting find described above, sends in a list of the Aurei in his possession. After his brief statements and quotes, I have the following nine described, which the author of the above essay has not seen ; from some others which are already in the There are even more copies available in the author's list. exist, but I cannot give their number.
Cagsius.
1) Head of Liberia to the right, below LEIBERAS, there- behind M-AQVINVS-LEG
RF C-CASSI IMP on the side of a tripod. Cohen Cassia, Figure No. 10.
2) Head of Liberia with the veil to the right, in front of it
LEIBERTAS, behind it C-CASSI* IMP
tw r, * , ak l i a * UENTVLVS
Rf. sacrificial jug and augur staff, including SP INT
Cohen Cassia Figure No. 15.
M. Anthony.
3) His head to the right, around M • ANTONIVS -IN- VIR- R-P-C
Rf. cornucopia, on sides in two straight lines L-MVS- SIDIVS LONGVS
4) Aureus with the head of M. Antonius and with the Rf No. 24 of Octavian described above, two different
240 F. von Duhn, coin found near Cajazzo.
of the coins with the younger form of the name were issued, bo- which we are forced to present the situation differently: Lari8Colus or Capitolinus appeared, perhaps quite early in the year, back or died, whereupon Vibin's Varus a- and now his coins with Venus and the new name form struck: at the end of the triumvirate he sat instead of the Venus has the understandable symbol of joined hands his aurei and helped himself to God knows what 1 solemn Appearance of the old Franconian full form again.
At the end of the new row I put the two coins zen of Antonius placed with the Pietas consularis, more because I didn't know where to put them as because me Cohens approach to the year 713 was convincing; that of Antonius at that time Brother Gonsnl, weighs decidedly less than the community with lots of coins, none of which force us to pass them on 71 1 move down *) . This year the treasure will be hidden like so many others (Mommsen in this magazine II. 65), perhaps from one who had the reason for abroad and therefore converse with what is necessary there had provided funds.
F. von Duhn.
1) The dating of these coins is completely certain. L. Antonius Pietas, the Brother of Marcus, was consul in 713, so the coins must be marked PIETAS -COS (i.e. Pietas consal) will be coined this year. S. Eckhel VI, 42. The Bei- name Pietas is expressly attested by Dio and the fasts. The find is Accordingly buried in 713, in the year of the Perusian War. That in this Years some had reason to flee quickly and secretly to a coastal city, proves Fulvia's example: tytvye dl xal About the Cajazzo coin find. An Italian coin dealer who owns a part of the acquired the most interesting find described above, sends in a list of the items in his possession. After his brief statements and quotes, I have the following: described, which the author of the above essay has not seen ; from some others which are already in the There are even more copies available in the author's list. exist, but I cannot give their number.
Cassins.
1) Head of Liberia to the right, below LEIBERAS, there- behind M-AQVINVS-LEG
RF C-CASSI IMP on the side of a tripod. Cohen Gassia Figure No. 10.
2) Head of Liberia with the veil to the right, in front of it LEIBERTAS, behind it C-CASSI -IMP
Rf. sacrificial jug and augur staff, including SP INT Cohen Cassia Figure No. 15.
M. Anthony.
3) His head to the right, around M- ANTONIVS-Ill- VIR- R-P-C
Rf. cornucopia, on sides in two straight lines L*MVS- SIDIVS LONGVS.
4) Aureus with the head of M. Antonius and with the Rf. No. 24 of Octavian described above, two different
L
1
242 J - Friedlaeitder, To the coin box of Cajazzo.
tied hands, C-VEIBIVS VAARVS. Further details I can't give a description. Unedited.
Lepidns.
5) Head of the Lepidn to the right, around M«LEPIDVS - III- VIR'R'P-C* behind the neck Aspergillnm and Sim- pnlum.
Rf head of M. Antonius to the right, M • ANTONI VS- lll-VIR'R-P-C- behind him the augur's staff. Cohen Antonia Figure No. 11.
6) Head of Lepidus to the left, around M-UEPIDVS^III- VIR-R-P*C
RF cornucopia, to sides in two straight lines L-MVS-
SIDIVS LONGVS
Cohen Mussidia Figure No. 9.
7) Aureus with the head of Lepidus and with the Rf of No. 24 of Octavian described above, two connected Hands, C-VEIBIVS VAARVS. More detailed description I cannot give. Unedited.
Livineius.
8) Head of the Keguln to the right, in a semicircle REGVLVS PR Rf Sella curulis, three fasces on each side, above L-* UVINEIVS, in the REGVLVS section
Cohen Livineia Figure No. 4.
Yibiu*.
9 Helmeted head of the Roma on the left, held in the right She has a lance and a shield on her left shoulder. Rf. Nemesis standing, facing right. To pages in two degrees Lines CVIBIVS VARVS
Cohen Vibia Figure No. 19.
J. Friedlaender.
t
On Roman numismatics.
A “nnmmus of Servius Tullius”.
Hf 0POHNA Sow to the right with four piglets.
Bf vine with grapes. jR. 5.85 grm.
In the Revue numismatique of 1859, the Duke of Luynes under the title “le nummus de Servius Tullius” an im Mint of the similar coin shown above (wt. 11.05 earlier Collection Blacas, now Brit. Museum] known, with the inscription ©VAkANTEA known with a strange explanation. This one like another equally strange coin: Hf sow with piglets, Bf Keule. POMA (Paris), said to be the oldest coins in Rome be. With the greatest respect for the excellent connoisseur In antiquity one could easily have reservations about such things strange apparitions stir and, despite consent d'Ailly, I was always inclined to reject Mommsen's Artheil can be connected via these coins *) .
The emergence of new such pieces confirms this assumption. view perfect. The one pictured above is in excellent condition
1) The literature on these coins is compiled by Rahrfeldt in Nomism. sphrag. Anzeiger Hannover 1H76 p. 10. Rahrfeldt notes that bttde coins that Luynes discusses, one in London, the other in Paris, Bit Becht has now been eliminated as incorrect.
244 A.v. Should,
Piece with the inscription OPOHNA, which Mr. Graf v. light Nowsky, the first infantry prelate of Olmotto, acquired in Rome and who kindly made it available to me for publication is entirely doubtfully a modern creation, not exactly new, but safe not antique. Another even wilder and rawer piece from Thaler size, which was presented to me here for viewing, is demonstrably already existed before Luynes' publication and was supposedly “found” in Sicily. This piece is also a certainly modern, disgusting piece of work, the display writing is unclear, it seems ©POANOHZ or similar- literally, in the worst possible terms.
These ugly and clumsy inventions are fine also the piece discussed by Luynes. - But what does he have? Want to make these pieces? Where are the coins made? The latter question is easy to answer: in Italy» where they appeared, yes perhaps you can see the creations in Sicily localize, because there are crude counterfeits of Sicilian coins of related style.
The meaning of the forgery is not clear to me. Should he Manufacturer, which is the first thing that comes to mind, for example to the pig thirty piglets, which Aeneas found, and his origins carrion Troy? Or - this is just an idea of mine - Are these pieces a joke? Is that OPOHNA, then »troinaa, for example, is a significant epigraph for the sow with many Piglets, the Italian troja, French truie, what the Lexicographers collaborated with the ancient Porcus Troianus bring, d. i. one in the manner of the Trojan horse with many small creatures (here piglets) stuffed pig, a Roman sweet treat?
I can't speculate any further, but perhaps it is true here this: solvent risu tabulae. Of course, this doesn't suit them Inscription on the copy that Luynes published; at all I repeat that I am far away from Luynes, the
On Roman numismatics. 245
learned scholars to make some sort of accusation, but they were deceptive We can all care, and it's enough for even the best not to be accused of having once taken the wrong thing for eight.
To Caesar's coins.
In the commemorative publication for Mommsen's sixtieth birthday I have made some additions to my essay on Caesar's coins given. The more important thing is a denarius of Flaminius with German Caesar's tiara bow,
a completely anomalous phenomenon - perhaps the stem pel soon destroyed so as not to cause offense; furthermore have I forgot in my first edit, Cohen as the author the correct description of the Aureus depicted by Riccio of Antonius from the Monetary Clodius; Cohen joins in Right, it is identical with the other Aureus of Clodius, Plate XII Claudia 10.
On the correct reading and interpretation of Agrippa's Aureus, as they gave to Mommsen, to my regret - doubts. Imprints prove that Mommsen's reading: IMP* DIVhF'TER. d. i. Emperor of Divu's son, for the third time (sc. Imperator;, lll*VIR*R*P*C is the only correct one.
A highly desired confirmation of my determination of the Coins of Monetary Clodius and my assumption that one will You can also find Lepidus coins from this currency, says Duhns interesting essay about the discovery of Cajazzo in this one Volumes of our magazine. Lepidus minted in gold by Clodius is found, and the year 711 appears to be the year 711 for the Monetary Clodius
Journal for numiimatics. V. 17
246 A.v. Sallet,
secured. The College of Quattuorvirn from 711 consisted of Regulus, Longus, Clodins and G. Vibius Varus. The find From all four he held coins with heads of the triumvirs.
Coins of Titas with questionable inscriptions.
In the third volume of the Vienna numismatic magazine Mommsen in his essay: "Imperator title of Titas" a ver- Drawing of all the strange and questionable coins of the Titas given, which have inexplicable or objectionable titulatures and dating included. His request to the numismatists, to support historical research by revising these coins. support, has so far only been followed by connoisseurs who are in the fourth volume of the Vienna magazine two located in Vienna Coins verified as genuine and read correctly, but one as subaerate, the other as a hybrid.
I'm giving this here. what I think about the counter in question could notice.
In Mommsen's essay page 463 No. 1 the following coin is mentioned discussed:
Hf. IMP-VESPA-AVG-P-M-TRIP-II COS IUI head
Vespasian with wreath to the left. Bf. CAE-DVM-ETTI CAES-IMP-VESPAZ heads the princes facing each other.
A/. Cohen I, 335, 6. Cabinet Jarry. Mommsen comments: “The dating COS IUI shows this Year 72, the TRI -P- II the year July 1, 70/71; is probable The latter dating is incorrect, especially since Titas only appeared in the course of the J. 71 Emperor .ward. The inscription is also otherwise very incorrect, since DVM is set for DOM, Tl is set for T and the younger brother who stands in front of the older one. «
The reading of the coin is one that is in the worst condition. lic codex. Luckily I have the (unfortunately damaged) Sulfur impression of another specimen (other stamp?),
On Roman numismatics. 247
which used to be in Paris, but with the great thief- Steel was stolen in 1831 and melted down.
The Berlin Mttnzkabinet has the complete version Napoleon (as a replacement for the war customs at the time) stolen Roman coins that are not scientifically important) donated the collection of Mionnet's sulfur prints important aid; there are many strange originals there Paris theft of 1831 disappeared, and we have to Thank good luck that we at least have their approval here presses obtained are 1 }.
The coin can be read like this:
Hf. IMP VESPA AVC PM TRI P PP COS UM
Vespasian's head right.
(The same Ilf. stamp is present twice in the impression.)
Petitioner IMP | VESPAS CAEDOM... CAES HEADS the princes. A/.
Mommsen's concerns are solved by reading the text correctly Coin. Does not carry the erroneous dating TRI P II next to COS IUI the coin, but the completely correct title TRI P PP next to it COS IUI. The applicant completely misunderstood Cohen. You does not show Domitian what Mommsen criticizes as erroneous the Titas, also not Tl erroneous instead of T, Titus, but she is At least to read like this: IMP, then gap in the print, of course T confessed, VESPAS CAE. Then follows Domitian's name, according to Cohen's illustration and description: DOM [ETTIanus] CAESar. It doesn't say DVM, it says DOM. The Coin, as the peculiar, crude factory teaches, is outside Rome, probably minted in Asia Minor; this would the incorrect spelling of Domitian's name with the graceful E instead of I like the occurring AOMCTIANOC, and explain the incorrect double T.
1) See also Hadrianus Caesar below.
17
248 A.v. Sallet,
After establishing the correct reading, this un- Roman gold coin no longer stands out.
To the list given by Mommsen on p. 473 ff.» questionable coins the following comments.
No. 4. This is the melted coin described above the Paris collection. The CAES has Mionnet wrong RES read. In any case, the T has, as noted above was, stood there; even if it is on coins and Roman factory can stay away 1 ), so e.g. B. on the Gold coin, Cohen Vespasian and Titus No. 1 with IMP« CAES-VESP-AVG-F-TRI-P-COS II as transliteration of Titus, because that's how the inscription can of course be read. P instead of F is a mistake. See also the one at the end of this one Coin described in the essay.
No. 5. The sulfur cast of the coin is in the Berlin Mint. cabinet. On the Hf. the last letters are like this: TT D"fiT, the back is completely plastered over: IMP T VES COS DRiViGII CAESAR AVG F COS DES IG The heads of the princes. ^JS. IL
How the retouched back was originally designed see and what the transcription is is not clear. divorce. But Mionnet has (Möd. Rom. I, 156 and first Edition p. 102) certainly means the same piece in the following gender Description: IMP T VESP COS ITER D CAESAR AVG F COS DES IG. Tetes nues etc.
No. 6. This coin of Domitilla with the incorrect date According to the description, COS Villi at Titus already has it an error in the Hf.: MEMORIAE DOMITILAE instead of DOMITILLAE, so the inscription is at all
1) There are also Roman coins with the heads of the Gaesars Titus and Domitian, both of whom do not have the nam'eji, but only Caesar Aug. f. cos and Caesar Aug. f. pr. are called.
On Roman numismatics. 249
unreliable and faulty, or as Mommsen believes, distorted in some way.
No. 7. The coin is, as connoisseurs say in the 4th volume, the Viennese Magazine p. 22 says (Eckhel Cat. Mus. Caes. II, 138 No. 127) subaerate, i.e. unreliable.
A similar one in our collection Denarius (which Cohen also describes) but with COS VI instead of the unsuitable COS VIII, I stick with the factory one after for Asian.
No. 8. As Mommsen notes, it is hybrid; a similar piece also in Berlin.
No. 9. These Princeps Juventutism coins are like a specimen of the Berlin Museum proves that I don't care seems - , from foreign, somewhat rough work and There is therefore no right to epigraphic access. make reliability. Our copy shows Vespasians, not Tita's name and head:
IMP CAESAR VESPASIANVS AVG head with Wreath to the right.
Bf. PRINCEPS IVVENTVT Spes left. Not subaerate.
So also incorrect compilation of the imperial head and one that at that time only belonged to Caesar title.
No. 11 is considered safe and read correctly by connoisseurs verified, with the addition of Eckhel's handwritten Legal remark: non cohaeret pars antica cum aversa. — The striking thing, as Mommsen notes, is that this Coin is the only one that bears Titus Caesar COS VII calls.
No. 12. Here the assumption is that instead of COS IM really reading COS VII is what if the one
^1
250 A. B.C. Stuet,
line of the V is not pronounced or has broken off, would be very easy. No. 15. This copper coin should have a boar and SC on the RF there is no confusion with the known ones similar Traian's events exist? Matching coins are completely missing from Titus and Titus Germanicus is However, “probably more than questionable ones. Either is that Inscription read out or falsified, instead
IMP CAES T VESP AVG GERM is probably safe to read
IMP CAES TRAIAN AVG GERM The head on these coins of Traian is that of the bearded one Heracles, to whom some similarities were perhaps intentionally ity with the (unbearded) emperor's sentences. Regarding Schiusa, I also note that Cohen is a Parisian Gold coin from Asian factory not mentioned, whose yard the Vespasian's head has the same stamp as the one above. spoke from Jarry's collection with the two Caesars - behead.
Hf IMP VESPA AVG P M TRI PPP COS-IUI
Head with wreath to the left. Rf. IMP CAES VESPAS AVG F {TRI or TR) P- II *COS II Head of Titus to the right. Here the name T is definitely not in Titus, but not in it Roman city coins, as has been said, occur more often. Hadrianus Caesar.
Hf HADRIANO TRAIANO CAESARI Hadiians chest picture with wreath to the right.
On Roman numismatics. 251
Bf. IMP CAES NER TRAIAN OPTIM AVG GERM
DAC bust portrait of Traian with wreath to the right.
A/. earlier in Paris. Momm8en says in state law p. 1052 note 6 from here coin described and available to me in the sulfur impression: »If this is true, but in many respects commemorative coin Eckhel VI, 473 Cohen Suppl. p. 132 Leave is, he (Hadrian as Caesar) called himself iladrianus Traianns Caesar.” Eckhel and Von speak similarly questionably Belley quoted to him. The short duration of this is worrying Caesarism of Hadrian, whom Trajan in his last illness* He was adopted in August 117 AD, three days before his death. Furthermore, the names, one would rather “Traiano Hadriano Caesari” expect to finally see the back, because the side is missing on this name Parthicus.
As far as the corpus delicti itself is concerned, this is: Coin an undoubtedly eighth monument, an urban Roman one Minting of the most beautiful work, exactly in the style of other coins Equalizing time, e.g. B. those of the “gynaeceum Traiani”, which as is well known, the whole alleged adoption of Hadrian made the terminally ill Traian. The coin is a whole indubitable official testimony of that adoption, the pre- tion for obvious political reasons by Plotina and Hadrian may have been ordered immediately - of course this may have been the case Formation may only have taken place in Rome, when in reality Trajan had long since died in Cilicia.
Unfortunately the coin itself is lost; she was at the Parisian Theft stolen and melted down in 1831; our Mionnet The shear sulfur print is therefore a precious remnant. With the Authenticity of the coin and with the completely certain urban Roman However, the character of the beautiful character seems to affect everything. imaginative ones. That Hadrian put his own name before his Adoptive names are certainly intentional and noticeable, but
252 A.v. .Sallet,
The monument just teaches us that he is so nantite and not different.
The fact that the “Parthicus” is missing from Traian is not at all noticeable. Eckhel himself says that in his latest coins the title Parthicus sometimes stands on the back; that here is another The back appears, explains the special reason for the embossing, Yes, it is highly likely that you will, which is what Eckhel is all about Wrongly calls it "inconsulto" to quickly give this adoption to the people to announce, took an existing stamp* of Trajan (i.e Eckhel VI, 438 B) and to this one, which, however, has a reverse side with the title “Parthicus” expect Hess to be the new back cover newly appointed Caesar added.
So the coin teaches that Hadrian's adoption went through immediately public monuments were made known and that he himself as Caesar: Hadrianus Traianus called Caesar.
A further remark may be made here about Hadrian's first Alexan- There is room for Drinian coins, the strangest of which are with the Traian's head I discussed earlier.
Hf. AYT KAIC TPIANOC (she, often instead of TPAIA NOC on coins of this year) AAPIANOC C€B Bust of Hadrian with wreath to the right; right in Fields star. Bf. AYT TPAIAN API C€B T€PM AAKIK nAP L B Traians is distributed on both sides of the field Head with wreath and aegis, facing right.
Pot. 6. Berlin Museum. In any case, Mommsen rightly assumes that this coin in Alexandria when we heard about Trajan's Consecration didn't know anything yet. Yes, perhaps it is an enthronement Coin, Hadrian's first coinage in Alexandria. Because that Hadrian's coins with the alleged LA are all required of confirmation, yes some (Mionnet IV, 144 No. 830 and 831) like, since their type appears exactly in the eleventh year, LIA, true-
On Roman numismatics. 255
Here too the face is unmistakably Maximian, yes As with the previous coin, this would not be proof. The embossing This type of denarii belongs to the general government of Diocletian and Maximian, and even if very occasionally (at Maxentius) later found »argentei puria, then they wear it a completely different character and type, of which then later Constantine and others w. are again different. The Denarii with the sacrificing warriors certainly belong in this category Time of Diocletian and Maximian up to the year of their abdication, 305 AD, Maximinus himself, as Caesar, also had one of the like denarius minted (Vienna) as well as a quinarius with castrura, without soldiers. Maximinus Daza, who apart from those mentioned no secure »argentei puri« coined at all 1 ), but it is difficult Especially in his last year 313, in which he decided to gustus made, coins of this type have been restituted; in that one Over time, the types change quickly, like the coin character, and then Only under Constantine did it take on a firm, rigid and lasting form. take. — So there is either a remarkable thing in our denarius worthy stamp error: MAXIMINVS instead of MAXIMIANVS before, or the A is. what the tree of the coin inscription on this one Doesn't make the job seem impossible in any way stayed away, didn't come out when minted or something like that.
The denarius does not belong to Maximinus, but to Maximianus Herculius.
A.v. Sallet.
1) Cohen VII p. 371 with crowned Hrustbilil and raised hand and Sol in the quadriga is also referred to as M.
something strange, even as it seems unheard of, and yet seemed the following coin belongs to this emperor.
IMP C VA MAXIMINVS P F AVG Burn image
with crown to the right. Rf. CONCORDIA MILITVM Jupiter and the Emperor
standing, both holding a Victoria on the ball.
Between the figures KB JE. Denarius.
That the portrait shows the features of Maximian rather than Maximin carries, would not be decisive for that time, but it would be completely Lack of similar pieces of the maximum and only the maximum mian coming, on countless identical pieces of the same also abbreviated name VAlerins prove that this clean worked denarius contains an incorrect inscription. It is certainly not Maximinus Daza, but Maximianus Uerculius, and the inscription should read bo : IMP C VA MAXIMIANVS P F AVG, like many of the emperor's other stacks have the same back.
The situation is similar with the following coin, which is next seems to be a phenomenon of the influence of Maximinus.
MAXIMINVS AVG head with wreath to the right. Rf. VIRTVS MILITVM, below D. Four soldiers, in front sacrificing a fortification.
Ai. Denarius of pure silver.
On Roman numismatics. 255
Here too the face is unmistakably Maximian, yes As with the previous coin, this would not be proof. The embossing This type of denarii belongs to the general government of Diocletian and Maximian, and even if very occasionally (at Maxentius) find “argentei puri” later, so they wear it a completely different character and type, of which then later Constantine, etc. are again different. The Denarii with the sacrificing warriors therefore belong in seven Time of Diocletian and Maximian up to the year of their abdication, 305 AD, Maximinus himself, as Caesar, also had one of the like denarius minted (Vienna) as well as a quinarius with castrum, without soldiers. Maximinus Daza, who apart from those mentioned no secure »argentei puri« coined at all 1 ), but it is difficult Especially in his last year 313, in which he decided to gustus made, coins of this type have been restituted; in that one Over time, the types like the coin baractor change quickly, and then Only under Constantine did it take on a firm, rigid and lasting form. take. — So there is either a remarkable thing in our denarius worthy stamp error: MAXIMINVS instead of MAXIMIANVS before, or the A is what the space of the coin inscription on this Doesn't make the job seem impossible in any way stayed away, didn't come out when minted or something like that.