Zeitschrift für Numismatik, vol. 5 — 1878

54) Eagle's head to the left. Bf Lion to the left.

(D. P. Iü f 60).

6«

84 H. Dannenbcrg,

Before I saw this coin, I gave it to the prince Wizlaw IL of Rügen (1260-1303). An original, which first came into my hands last year Raised doubts about the durability of this explanation, because that Coins were too small for such an early period. Ours Finding is only likely to significantly increase these doubts, for the specimens of this denarius are not the only ones he delivered to us, about 12 in number, also small- lasting, but it also closes this relatively strong Representing our hitherto extremely rare coin, the Except that the same thing happened to last so long (one and a half Centuries! ) in circulation could have received what one at best only justified in believing in a single specimen would be. In addition, the bird's head is difficult to move as a griffin's head, but rather as an eagle head can be seen.

But where does our coin belong? Maybe to Lüneburg? The connection between his two representations on Bode (Mint system of Lower Saxony, plate X, 2) depicted mark pieces could almost make you believe that ; maybe then the eagle will press behead Lüneburg's relations with the Reich, because especially in the time when these coins may have been struck Emperor Sigismund (1434) granted the city the right to mint gold.

G. Brandenburg.

Elector Friedrich L, 1414 - 1440.

55) Eagle. Officer Helm to the left. Plate IV, No. 55.

Although the helmet has not yet been described on this the same coin from the one we would otherwise put on the burnt are used to seeing Denburg coins, insofar as gives way when he is missing the usual helmet decoration of the eagle's flight, So there will be a different relationship than in Brandenburg

The Arnswalde coin find. 85

•

difficult to justify. Helmets would be everywhere without Heinizier just as incomplete and, if you will, stranger than here. The coins also show us that the eagle flight among the Hohenzollerns is not exactly the same formed, as under the Ascanians, just compare the Prenz- lauer Vierchen (Köhne I, plate VIII, 9, Weidbas XH, 21). the Ascanian denarii in Weidhas plate III, 13 - 16, 19, IV, 10, 11,21, V, 3-7,8,11,20, VI, 4-7, 11-13, 15 etc. And doesn't the Brandenburg helmet come at the same time for a change crowned before ^Weidhas XIII, 2)? A side piece, admittedly from a later period, is offered by the Heller from 1535 (Adam Berg Coin Book Plate XVIII, No. 3, Weidhas XIV, 16).

Is it therefore due to the Brandenburg origins of this design? If you don't doubt it, you'll be able to find your homeland. You probably have to look as close as possible to the place of discovery, so probably in Prenzlow; that Friedrich H. had coins minted here, and large ones at that and small white pennies, as well as fours in the style of the Pomeranian see, it is documented *) . Nothing seems to stop that We think the Prenzlow Mint has been active before - ken, and we can then see the forerunners of the in our denarii already mentioned Prenzlower Vierchen by Friedrich II. look, which, like fourteens in general, are not in our find occurred.

D. Other German coins. Lüneburg.

56) In the radiant edge of the lion. bracteate; 1 ex.

The only bracteate of the entire find.

Wroclaw.

57; Head of John the Baptist. RF. Leo. 3 ex.

Dewerdeck, Siles. nunism. Plate XXXIII, 4 and 5.

1) v. Clearer, cod. dipl. Fire; I, 217. Köhne Zeitochr. I, 8.201.

Greetings H. Dannanberg,

58) Similarly, a St. Andrew's cross in the field. Bf The bad one sian eagles. 12 copies

Glogau.

59) 6 Bf The Silesian Eagle.

Berl. Sheet I, plate III, 12. 10 copies.

Vossberg's determination of this farthing (after 1482, a. a. 0. S. 53) wird durch unsern Fund widerlegt.

60) Similar, but the 6 surrounded by rings.

Officer Adlerschild. 2 ex.

Mänsterberg.

61) SB Bf. Thurm.

County Mark.

62) The Brandenburg shield.

Bf. The Clevische Schild (unwritten). 1 ex.

Ulm.

63) City coat of arms. Bf Adler. 1 ex.

Binder Württemberg. Mzkd. P. 525 No. 6 and 7.

Bekheim.

64) The Sombreffe escutcheon. Bf. Cross with one Ilose in every corner (unwritten). iy 2 Ex.

v. d. Chijs, de munten der leenen van Brabant Taf.

XXV, 5 (p. 277).

E. Foreign coins.

Bohemia. Wenceslas IV, 1378 - 1419.

65) Fragment (about 1 / 4 ) of a Prague penny.

Dorpat. Bishop Dietrich III, 1413 - 1438.

66) Gentleman with family coat of arms. Bf monastery coat of arms. Um- writing unclear. 2 ex.

Köbne magazine. I, 361 No. 20. Reichel Catalog II,

No. 460, 461.

The Arnswalde coin find. g9

fahrt, denn die Vierchen Übertreffen die Denare weder an Werth still so considerable in size.

It would be important if we could. like in so many others Fall, the time in which our find is handed over to the earth was determined more precisely. But there is a lack of reliable data for this In the present case it is very so. Although this can be done before 1413 not have happened, the Dorpat Mint No. 00 forbids that, even if you count Casimir VI. (No. 2 - 5) not for this wanted to keep it sufficiently chronologically fixed. On the other hand it will It is difficult to determine how long after 1113 the excavation took place has taken place, but the numerous appearances of the otherwise rare denarii from Casimir VI. (1413 - 1434; for the third decade of the 15th century Century to speak.

Let the above description be taken into account, which is so often digte, dem Münzforscher allerdings wohlbcwusstc Lehre, das Small ones, don't pay attention to small ones, remove them. Such denarius finds are not rarely done, but for the most part they happen Reasons, or fall without closer examination of the distraction home. The one discussed is the first one before this loose has been preserved; the literature does not know of anything similar.

Finally, the salary determinations of some of the most common types of this find, which give me the gift due of Mr. Dir. Friedlaender and Neubauer in the has set status:

Casimir VI (No. 2-5). Weight 0.22* size o.27s size = 125 and

130 thousandths. Heart. Wolgast (No. 0; weight 0.35 gr. very worn) - 112 thousand.

Colberg .No. 17- 10. Weight 0.202 gr. o,2«3 Gr. = 193 and

181 thousands.

Cöslin ;No.20— 23 . Weight 0/205 size 0,:niGr. = 170 and lS5Taus. Stargard No. 30j. Weight 0.19 gr. 0.21 gr. = 200 and 270 thousands. Stettin No. 31). Weight 0.265 gr. 0,:*

gg H. Dannenberg,

but Mecklenburg denarii were not even mentioned at such a late date. wrote - he also helps what has so far been extremely inadequate Complete the picture that we also have of the circulation period the already known and still very common have such Pomeranian denarii. In this relationship Two questions in particular arise. First: how did you to explain the complete absence of the Pyritz denarii? the but they are by no means rarer than the hundreds here specimens found in Cöslin, Colberg, Stargard, Stettin, Stolp and Treptow. You also have to be careful when assessing Be careful with coin finds, chance as a very important one To leave factor out of account f ), then the one in question can This fact can hardly be attributed to coincidence will, and rather we will give the answer to that must be that the Pyritz denarii are somewhat older than the named varieties and therefore out of circulation earlier than these disappeared. The further question is even more unavoidable: how It happens that among so many thousand denarii there isn't even one was the only quadruple to be found? You will be without it Hesitation to answer: the fours have yet to be imprinted started after the find was buried. And this assumption is also in agreement with other known facts, namentlich hat der von mir in den Berl. Sheet II, 205 described, Find dating back to 1538 probably four pieces of all 5 pom- merschen cities that coin such coins (i.e. 5 percent) and the Elector Friedrich II included, as well as a considerable However, there is no significant number (around 20 percent) of Pomeranian shillings a single Pomeranian denarius. And here we can't for example, as with the Greifenberg Treasure (Bl. f. Mzkd. II, 211) explain this fact by the fact that the owner of the He didn't get that little coin in his cash register because he was pawing money.

1) Such a coincidence e.g. B. the lack of Stralsund is ond Rostock to be attributed to stamps.

The Arnswalde coin find. $9

leads, because the fours do not exceed the denarii in value still so considerable in size.

It would be important now if we could. like in so many others cases, the time in which our find was handed over to the earth was determined more precisely. But there is a lack of reliable data for this In the present case it is very so. Although this can be done before 1413 not have happened, the Dorpat Mint No. 66 forbids that, even if you count Casimir VI. (No. 2 - 5) not for this wanted to keep it sufficiently chronologically fixed. On the other hand it will It is difficult to determine how long after 1413 the burial took place took place, but the numerous appearances of the otherwise rare denarii from Casimir VI. (1413 - 1434; for the third decade of the 15th century Century to speak.

Let the above description be taken into account, which is so often This is a well-founded doctrine that the coin researcher is well aware of Small ones, don't pay attention to small ones, remove them. Such denarius finds are not rarely done, but are very common Reasons, or fall without closer examination of the distraction attached. The one discussed is the first one before this loose has been preserved; the literature does not know of anything similar.

Finally, the salary determinations of some of the most common types of this find, which give me the gift due of Mr. Dir. Friedlaender and Neubauer in the has set status:

Casimir VI (No. 2 - 5). Weight 0.228 gr. 0.278 gr. = 125 and

130 thousandths. heart. Wolgast (No. 9) . Weight 0.35 gr. (very worn) =442 thousand.

Colberg (No. 17 - 10;. Weight 0.262 size 0.263 size = 193 and

184 thousand. Cöslin (No. 20 - 23. Weight 0.295 Gr. 0.331 Gr. = 170 n. 185 Taus. Stargard No. 30). Weight 0.19 gr. 0.2! Gr. = 200 and 270 thousands. Stettin v No. 31). Weight 0.265 gr. 0.304 gr. = 147 and 132 thousands. Stülp (No. 33). Weight 0.205 gr. 0.227 gr. = 180 and 175 thousands. Usedom (No. 37). Weight 0.187 gr. = 310 thousand.

90 H. Dannenberg,

Treptow (No. 36). Weight 0.207 gr. 0.27iGr. = 210 and 193 thousands. Cammin (No. 41). Weight? 244 gr. — 200 thousand. Brandenburg (No. 55) . Weight 0.249 gr. 0.3 gr. = 134 and 118 thousand. Indeterminate (No. 53). Weight 0.222 gr. 0.325 gr. 0.33 gr. — 191,

184, 197 thousands. Indeterminate (No. 54). Weight 0.307 gr. = 240 thousand.

IV.

The discovery of KUstrin.

The following coins recently arrived here from KUstrin: zen, apparently belonging to a find, but probably only a fraction of the same. Nevertheless, their list seems because of their relationship to those described above not entirely useless.

1) Wolgast (Wartislaw IX and Barnim VII, 1405

D.P. No. 28.

2) Stettin (Otto IL, 1413 - 28y. - D. P. I, 40.

3) “ “ D.P. No. 41. 4; Stettin (Joachim, 1434 — 51.. Treptow a/T.

D.P. III, 42.

5) Announcement Wittenpfennig. D.P. No. 61.

6) Colberg. Denarius (as No. 17 above).

7) Cöslin. Denarius (above No. 20 - 23), with

“ Zs and crosses.

“ Z between 2 ringlets.

“ 31 between 2 rings.

8) Demin. Denarius (above No. 24).

9) Garz. Denarius (above No. 26).

10) Golnow. Denarius (above No. 27).

11) Greifswald. Witten (Greif. Bf. coat of arms).

D.P. No. 81. 4 Ex.

49).

1 ex.

6 copies

1 ex.

1 ex.

1 ex.

13 ex.

1 ex.

3 ex.

1 ex.

3 ex.

22 ex.

21 ex.

The coin find from Küstrln.

91

12 13 14 15)

16

I7 18

Stargard. Denarius (above No. 30). Stargard. Denarius (above No. 31). Szczecin. Denarius (above No. 34). Stolp. Denarius (above No. 35). Stralsund. Schilling (Ray. Rf Cross).

D.P. No. 100. Stralsund. Schilling (ray shield on both sides;

D.P. IV, 104.

13 ex.

1 ex. 62 ex.

5 copies

1 ex. 4 ex.

Stralsund. Schilling (flag. RF cross, in every win- kel the beam). D. P. II, 110. 12 Ex.

19) Treptow a/R. Denarius (above No. 36). 2 ex.

20) Usedom. Denarius (above No. 37). 4 ex.

21) Cammin? Denarius (above No. 41). 11 ex.

22) Mecklenburg. Denarius (above No. 50?) Rf indistinct;. 2 ex.

23) Gnoias. Schilling (above No. 45. 1 ex.

24) Rostock. Schilling (Greif. Rf. Cross with rosette in the

middle.) 2 ex.

25) Lüneburg? Denarius (above No. 54). 7 ex.

26) Wroclaw. Brighter. Dewerdeck XXX1I1, 1 . 1 ex.

27) Leo. RF Adler. 1 ex.

28) Poland. Vladislaw (see above No. 70; 4 Ex.

29) Denmark. Eric (1412 - 39) Korshvid of Lund. 1 ex.

So here too there are 212 coins, of which 162 are Pomeranian Denarius, nivet a single square, as little as a denarius of Pyritz. Hardly a work of chance.

H. Dannenberg.

On Greek numismatics.

(Plate II.)

The official name Sosias on copper coins from Syracuse from the middle of the 4th century BC. BC

In this volume of the Journal for Numismatics, Fried- two countries that appear to have as yet unknown copper Coins from Syracuse discussed, both from the Berlin Mint cabinet:

Hf. SYPA XfiXIA vor dem Pallaskopf linkshin. On the helmet instead of the usual wreath, snake.

Rf. Seahorse to the left. EVER. 5. Plate I.

Friedlaender says of these beautiful, completely clear mouths zen, a Pallas nickname could not be SQSIA, just like that little a stage name, which are always smaller; it would stay So all that's left is to recognize one of Sosia's officials in the genitive, but the names of officials do not appear in Syracuse.

This is correct; Official names appear first, and almost always abbreviated, later, but we can probably take one step keep doing it. First, let's look at the age of the coins. It is now usually assumed that all coins come with the Corinthian types, also the copper coins with the pallet Laskopf with Corinthian helmet first with Timoleon and the through the close connection between Syracuse and the mother city Corinth; however, the big one would remain Copper shortage since the times of the artists Phrygillos and EY (small copper coins in Paris and Berlin, minted around 400 }

A.v. SaUet On Greek numismatics. 93

up to Timoleon, 344, strikingly, and some were able to do so quite well These thick copper coins, some of which look quite old with Pallas's head and dolphins around a starfish, a little earlier be. In any case, we will see them around the middle of the fourth year- have to put a hundred. Stage names come at that time no longer available, and as I said, the SQSIA is too big analogous and next to the city name. Just as little as to one But one can think of an epithet of Pallas as an artist: SQSIA is nothing but the genitive of the proper name Sosias. Official names don't appear at that time, but not too much However, long afterwards they appear next to the city inscription Personal names: ArAOOK AE \OX (or so-called), EP I I KETA: But these are “officials”, i.e. h. Tyrants. Something similar must necessarily mean the XÜXIA. Yes, this Sosias — an in Sicily common name — even dared, similar to the official Gorgos in Rhodes, the type of god according to his name decorate: like Gorgos from the Helios Head of Rhodes Gorgo with snakes and wings makes M, so Sosias has them boldness, alluding to his name, that of Asclepius, the Soter katexochen sacred animal. die Schlange, am Helm der To attach Pallas, who would otherwise have a wreath at this point carries.

But who is Sosias? We pretty much know the names of the more important rulers in Syracuse since Dionysius IL: Dio 356 - 353, Callippus, Hipparinus, Timoleon, Agathocles. So no Sosias at this time. But we have a clear lead. Plutarch tells of a Sosis in Dio (34, 35): rjv di xig 2a>oig, a*&(H07iog ix novtjQiag xai d-Qaovvrpog etdoxifiäv nagä tolg SvQaxovototg . . . ovtog farißovXevtov Jitavi nqwtov fii* ht- xlyoiag ovorjg avaatäg noXlä tovg SvQaxovoiovg llotdoQfjoev, bI ftij avviäoir, iog ifijrlrjxTOV xai fte^vovarjg anrjXkay^ivoi rvQar-

\) Berlin collection. The coin is not rare. Keep the same type an XTPATflN in Khodns who apparently belongs to the same period.

94 A.v. Hallet,

vidog, iyQfffoqdta xal vrjqtovra d&07i6%t)v elXTjqxxoiv. He swayed so openly against Dio as a tyrant and with success, because he found many followers: xat noXXovg e\%e %ovg ovvaya- vaxvovvtag yxti avviatafievovg xatä %ov Jitavog. Sosis surprise Dete saw now with the razor and complained that Dio had given him have these wounds inflicted by his soldiers. But soon When his fraud was proven, the people condemned him to death and reconciled with Dio : o re drjpog xaxa- \pTj

So we have a cumbersome report about a de- magogen Sosis. The name Sosis, just as common as Sosias, It could very well be a mistake at this point instead of Sosia's. Plutarch wrote over 400 years after the Syracuse Dio, and how easy is the little oversight, the contracted form StSatg instead of 2taoiag ; I find it in a proper name dictionary the remark: 2

That Sosis, who was hostile to Dio, was a ruling official Of course, Plutarch doesn't say that. But that he has an if had a large following, no matter how short a time large part of the people against Dio and the existing order incited, that is clear from Plutarch's words.

So I want (but without any certainty, just as a suggestion) accept the possibility that that Sosis of Plutarch was called Sosias and for a short time during Dio's reign lifetime, 356 - 353 played the "liberator" or master, as cher die seltenen mit seinem Namen XÜXIA und der Schlange The coins marked on Pallas' helmet struck and so the long row of the Syracusan chieftain and king coins opened.

On Greek numismatics. 97

as King of the Odrysians and owner of Maronea! ) also ans Coins are well known:

1) Hf AMAAOKO double axe, caduceus above.

RF EPI AHM^-O Vine with four grapes, im

pearl square; the type of Maronea.

^5. 6 very thick. R.Rochette 1st c. Plate B, No. 7. Neumann number. vet. II, plate IV, 16.

2) Hf grape.

Rf ••KO # * Double hatchet (in the pearl square).

EVER. 5. R. ftochette 1. c. No. 8.

3) Similar in Berlin (Fox), very thick, poorly preserved,

but you can see faintly ••OKO -#

These coins, of quite ancient appearance, resemble exactly those of Teres IL. the historically known successor to this one Amadocus; Those of Teres also have the double axe; Transcription: THPEÜ (the T is formed by the handle of the hatchet): Rf The vine of Maronea with official inscription. Two good examples of the Mint of Teres are in Berlin; the appearance of all these coins of Amadocus and Teres, which shapeless thickness, is entirely consistent.

The second Amadocus, Philip's contemporary, was given the only from Sestini's illustration and description Lett. Number IX, Plate L 16 p. 13) well-known coin with bearded, wreathed Zeus head, Rf rider ---OKOV -APIZITQN ['Oöq^itvjv) assigned wrote, which, however, corresponded to the well-known copper coins of Seuthes (of the fourth) is similar, but something to consider in the reading- lich seems.

The line of the Odrysian kings is known, apart from that earlier Sparadocus, with Amadocus L, as the contemporary

1) See K. Rochette 1. c. The second Amadom is owned by Ml ronea strongly attests, from the first - if the coins, which is probably lit, belong to dietem - proves it there* character.

Zeitschrift für N" mS -~»-* ; <

96 A.v. Sallet,

Mrjdoxrjg. This King MedocuB would therefore have uro 400, that is Years of the alliance of Xenophon and Seuthes ruled and Gary *) gives him his job again this year. The- Xenophon mentions the same Medocus in the Hellenica (4, 8, 26) Mrjdoxov re 7 top ^Oöqvöüjv ßaatkia, who had a falling out with Seuthes agreed, at the instigation of the Lacedaemonian Telentias, again reconciled with him and became an ally with Seuthe who became an Athenian. But here the editions partly have my- doxov (soup) partly 'Afuidoxov. Isocrates in his speech Philip, written after the peace with Athens in 346, .mentions on the occasion of the conditions in Amphipolis (evvotav) oXavneQ el'xo/uev Mrjdoxy t<» nalaiqi dia zovg iv Xe$$o- vj\G<$ (the Thracian) yewQyovvtag 2 ) . At this point you have "according to the best manuscripts" and taking into account one Passage of Harpocration, which also refers to the passage in Xenophon Hellenica worked, s.v. sfpddoxog, where Harpocration expressly refers to the words of Isocrates, which Mr]d6x

1) Higtoire des rois de Thrace etc. p. 10.

2) The nakaiog apparently means "while," "now died," or something similar. — Cary's Considerations about the nalaiog (p. 25) are confusing.

3) Dr. gave me some philological notes. R. Neubauer with usual favor given. — Sauppe's editions of the Anabasis and the Hellenica have only MrjJoxog, in Isocrates the usual reading is Mrjdoxqi, Jacobitz corrects 'Owwoxtp. — Amadocus (two of this name) is often referred to as king of Thrace mentioned. See note 1 p. 97.

4) Raoul-Rochette, letter ä Mr. Grotefend s, quelques me*d. de rois des Odryses et de Thrace (Nouv. annales, French volume of Roman institutional writings, Paris 1836 p. 115 ff.) and Grotefend's review of this work in Grote's Bl. f. Münzk. III. 1837 p.*20. Also all lexica, e.g. Snrith dictionary of Greek etc. geography II, p. 464, Fape-Benseler, Rost, declare Medocus and Amadocus to be identical. — Blue (Vienna numism. Zeitsohr. IV, 4) even holds Medocus, Amadocus and Badok for identical.

On Greek numismatics. 97

from King of the Odrysians and owner of Maronea! ) also ans Coins are well known:

1) Hf AMAAOKO double axe, caduceus above.

RF EPI AHM***0 Vine with four grapes, in

pearl square; the type of Maronea.

jB. 6 very thick. R. Rochette 1st c. Plate B, No. 7. Neumann number. vet. II, plate IV, 16.

2) Hf grape.

Rf. ••KO ## Double hatchet (in the pearl square).

je. 5. R. Rochette 1. c. No. 8.

3) Similar in Berlin (Fox), very thick, poorly preserved,

but you can see faintly * a OKO a *

These coins, of quite ancient appearance, resemble exactly those of Teres II, the historically known successor of this Amadocus; Those of Teres also have the double axe; Transcription: THPEfl (the T is formed by the handle of the hatchet) ; Rf. The vine of Maronea with official inscription. Two good examples of the Mint of Teres are in Berlin; the appearance of all these coins of Amadocus and Teres, which shapeless thickness, is entirely consistent.

The second Amadocus, Philip's contemporary, was given the only from Sestini's illustration and description Leu. Number IX, Plate I, 16 p. 13) well-known coin with bearded, wreathed Zeus head, Rf. Reiter ---OKOV -APIZITQN ['OdQiUwv) assigned very loving, which, however, corresponds to the well-known copper coins of Seuthes (of the fourth) is similar, but something to consider in the reading- lich seems.

Die Reihe der Odryserkünigc Hess man also, abgesehen vom earlier Sparadocus, with Amadocus L, as the contemporary

1) See R. Rochette 1. c. From the second Amadocus the possession of Ma- ronea expressly claims from the first — when the coins, which is likely U, belonging to this - proves it «las (recursion.

Magazine for Nuniinni:itics. V. 7

98 A.v. Sallet,

Xenophon and the Xenophontic Seuthes, begin and the “Medocus” was eliminated.

Names handed down provide new proof of how unfortunate it is on the basis of probability to change and handwritings to “improve”, but now delivers the coin described above the Prokesch collection, which this MHTOKA read and because of of the double hatchet to Caricn. Already the factory, the very with the small silver coins that I first recognized Thracian Saratokos is correct, and above all exactly, in Shape of the ax and the handle, with the copper coins Odrysian kings Amadocns and Teres matching double hatchet, also the grape that appears large on those copper coins should have led to correct reading and determination. Eh MHTOKO stands next to the bearded, wreathed head (Bac- chus?) and of course this is nothing other than the genitive of MrjToy.og, in which you can join the ally of the Seuthes, the Odrysian king HijJoxog mentioned by Xenophon will recognize J). That

The weight of the well but not perfectly preserved Mctocus coin matches that of Sparadocus coins agree 2).

1) How it relates to the Medoni or Amadom of Isocrates, dare I don't have to decide. If the juruten Ilschr. Amadocu» have, Is this Reading is certainly preferable. The note from the “old” Medocus or Amadocus, the owner of the Thracian Chersonese, on both, both on Metoko* like on Amadocos I.

'2) See Trokesch, Wiener niimism. Magazine IV, '2*22. The Prokeach'acheii . Kx emjdare of Sparadocus weigh 1 , JUJ ; 1,'29; 1,'23; 1.11.

On Greek numismatics. 99

The existence of the Medokos mentioned by Xenophon 400 B.C. BC, is proven by the coin of the Metokos, some of which are exactly the same as the copper coins the successor Amadocus and Teres agree and according to the Silver coins of Sparadocus as the second oldest mint, also as a silver coin, the series of coins of this dynasty Odryserfür8ten initiates.

The head of Hellas on the silver coins of

Alexander of Pherae.

The silver coins of Alexander of Pherae show on the Front a laurel wreathed head with earrings from front or side, on the back AAEZANAPOY next to a rider or a lion's head. Man hat den Kopf called Apollo and in fact come, admittedly as completely lost. isolated appearance, once in the well-known series of Apollo Heads of the tetradrachms from Amphipolis, earrings at this one God before l). But apart from the decidedly feminine one Character of the head of the coins of Alexander of Pherae believe I through a previously overlooked small inscription on these heads not just the female gender of the person depicted, but also to prove their name and their meaning can. On two prints I have, a plaster cast from Athens and an electrotype from the British Museum stand next to the head, on both sides, as well once under the neck letters, not at all clear, once EA-*£, once apparently ENMS. A very nice one However, a copy of the Berlin Coin Cabinet seems to be the reading to be sure: it is behind the head EA, in front of him *AJ (Plate II, 2) . Before I see the unclear third letter I'll add one, perhaps also in the series

1) Berlin, Prokeich collection.

100 A.B. Sallet,

Silver coin of Larisa belonging to Alexander noteworthy:

11/ . AAEYA Head of Aleaas, the progenitor of thes- Salian ruling dynasty of the Aleuades, from the front, with hat (helmet), double hatchet to the right. RF AAPISAIA EAAA Eagle on the lightning left, the

Turning head.

JS. 4. Berlin. Brit. Mus. Plate II, 3.

The double ax can also be found on the large silver Coin of Alexander of Pherae as a symbol {Hf Female wreathed head from the front, torch on the left. RF AAESANAPOY Rider. Brit. museum). — Shouldn't be everyone else's completely different Larisean coin from the time of the Occupation could belong to the city through Alexander of Pherae? That the Aleuades themselves against him the Macedonian king Ale- xander II, who then expelled Alexander of Pherae hunted is no counter-evidence, because the intruder could also very much the old mythical, local hero Celebrate coins ') .

A key piece of evidence for a connection between these coins with Alexander of Pherae is the EAAA for me. This is such a big, long inscription that I couldn't think of a person If you want to think of official names: there is a hint in it on Hellas, on southern Thessaly, which, as is well known had this name; and this inscription also gives us comfort the correct reading of the inscription on the head: it reads EAAAS, as I believe. Wir hätten demnach in dem weiblichen bekränz- th head personifies Hellas, i.e. i. southern Thessaly — but probably in a broader meaning: all tyrants and conquerors

1) Alexander's (the Great?) small silver and copper coins (they belong to certainly only belong to a Macedonian Alexander and are certainly in Macedonia Donien itself minted) have an eagle similar to the Larissa coin on the Back - one could also think of a minting of Alexander II, in Larisa think.

On Greek numismatics. \Q\

love to present themselves as liberators and champions of the people ask: Philipp and Alexander are supposed pioneers of the Hellenism against Asia - it is now not possible that the conquering Alexander of Pherae presented himself as a champion of the Hellas xaregoxTjv, his ancestral land, moved to her head his coins set and the Hellenic name (in a copy shortened) to the city name Larisa? personifica tions of the species are, of course, rare and usually later: the Sikelia on copper coins from Alaesa with SYMMAXIKON *). Timoleon's time, the personified lands hEAAAS, ASIA on the Darin vase, the PQMA on the Lokrian silver coin u.s. w. Such representations can be found in later Roman times usual. However, it is still possible that one finds alternating letters in place of EAAAS; I I'm just giving as much as I can for the time being. I be- just assume the great probability that head and top writing of the silver coins of Alexander of Pherae the personal fictitious Hellas mean.

Hemiobolion and Tetartemorion of an unknown city, erroneously assigned to Teuthrania Mysiae.

Although the excellent essay by Paul Lambros in second volume of this journal on value designations Greek coins contain results that are hardly available anymore. require confirmation, as every new phenomenon is necessary to register such tokens. This is the one here Furthermore, such blatant proof of the correctness of those results, as it has rarely been delivered up to now. Lambros leads (p. 175) from Fox's collection the coin of an "Asia Minor" city.

1) Hetd, on the chrono! . sequ. of the coins of Syracuse p. 37.

102 A.v. ßallet,

HJ. Female head from the front (probably Apollo with

laurel wreath). Rf. Monogram made of TE in a recessed square.

A. V 2 . 0.17 grm. (not 0.161). Plate II, 5. A similar coin from the Berlin Hammlang shows one female head with earring to the right, Rf same monogram, next to it, on the left, a grain of grain. M. '/ 2 . 0.26 grm.

The first coin was given by Fox to Teuthrania Mysiae, during Lambros that reads TE TexaqTTjfxoQiov. That this latter The Berliner also proves that the interpretation is the only correct one Mttnzcabinet located double piece of the described.

Hf Laurel wreathed (female?) head with a long down hanging hair (probably Apollo), exactly in style resembling the first coin, from the front. To the pages of Two letters on the head: 0(?) and right (and probably also on the left) a grain of grain. Rf. Monogram made of HM in a recessed square.

A. 1. 0.43 grm. Plate II, 4. That the monogram from TE cannot be the city name, proves the changing of the monograms: once TE, once HM. But these monograms are only denominations of value can be, their composition shows: once made from HM the monogram HfAwfiofoov can be read, the other time, with Lambros, TEvaQTTj/ioQiov. The weight is completely correct; this and the complete similarity in style as well as in both ways barley grains found (perhaps these on the double piece twice, only shown once on the simple one) also prove that the coins belong together: I found also the coins already from Friedlaender because of their likeness Styles united.

Determining the homeland of the coins is difficult; I certainly don't consider them to be from Asia Minor, I would rather* I think of the part of Greece in which particularly

On Greek numismatics. ]03

i

Such symbols of value often occur in the Peloponnese. The Barleycorns are somewhat reminiscent of Cephallenia, the head of the Page resembled the Apollo head from Same. The old thttniliche head of vom resembles the head of a silver coin von Troezen in Allicr's collection (I)nmersan, descr. d. med. ans. d. c. Allier de Hauteroche plate VI, 11)). Could be strange in the fairly old stamp the appearance of the H In any case, the coins belong to the fifth century v. BC.

8amo8. — The Fuud of Messina.

Hf. Fur of the lion's head from vom.

Ytf. Bull's head to the right, behind it the forepart of the ship.

Ai. 1. 12.s:> Grm. Plate II, (>.

This beautiful coin from the Berlin Museum, very old Careful style proves itself through the completely similar down to the last detail Executed representation of the ship, the Samaena, that the A rare tetradrachm with fur that was only properly carved by Sestini the lion's head and ship, which I found in the third volume of this Magazine (p. 135 plate II. ü) based on an excellent copy of the Berlin Museum have shown weight I7,ur>), for sure can only belong to Sanios.

The coin discussed earlier was, as I have already said, According to information from all museums and numismatists, Well-known Mr. Giulio Sambon from Naples with many ancient Athenian tetradrachms |without oil leaves, some of Khegium and Messana with calf's head and lion skin, from Atti- light weight and with satirical types and an inscriptionless Attic tetradrachm of Acanthus in the Cows of Messina found.

Friedlaendcr in this magazine IV. 17 f. speaks of the coin her old age and does not consider the Sicilian site to be the site sicher beglaubigt. The age of the coin is apparently that of

104 A.t. Sallet,

described above, because only in one and the same time is one so completely the same design of the large ship type is possible.

I have no doubts about the Sicilian site, as Mr Sambon said it was safe and gave me one in his The large part of the find in possession showed: all coins had - which is so characteristic of finds - a complete same color; Mr. Sambon, whose specialty is well known Italy and Sicily has bought the find directly and would Hardly such a large quantity of Athenian tetra- Receive or accept drachmas (over 20). Such a big one Mass of these uncommon old tetradrachms (without oil leaves) as well as the rare Acanthus would hardly be possible at all now through trade from Greece to Sicily and from there come to Naples, the combination is only due to a find position of Athenian, Acanthian, Sami, Rheginian and messanic tetradrachms.

The great strangeness of the Sami- I guess I haven't highlighted the tetradrachm enough yet - raised: she immediately has the one from Rhegium that she found and Messana with Sami types, Attic weight, 17.05, while the other Sami coins at the same time were completely have a different weight, 12.83 to 13.24, which is also Frieil- Laender a.a.O. highlights. I think like I did before I explained that the coin discovery from Messina made our trip easier of the Sami ship can be guessed: Samos, Acanthus, Athens, Rhegium and Messana. Now bring the Samians who are in their Native Asia Minor weight, Sami coins with Attic weight to their colonists, the Rheginians nnd Messanians, who with Sami types and also Mint tetradrachms according to Attic weight. I want This is almost a description that I have been looking for in vain so far. confirmation of E. Curtins' view that the mother cities really supplied their colonies with money, or at least

Zot griochlurhen Namlamatik. 105

daas sie — freilich ist bis jetzt nur dieser eine Fall sicher con Statute - coined money according to the weight of the apoikie and this, certainly for trading purposes, on their sea voyages to the Apoi kien with them, yes, that they were on the way at the stations (Acan- tbas, Athens) other things in weight with the money of the apoikie Substitute and take something with you.

The discovery of Hessina, which was taken from him, is so far away Sami coin and the one described above, the mint of Samos For the former, this piece of security is of great importance.

The Gorgon Murder on a medallion from Daldls Lydlae, under Gordian the III.

Antinon-Hermes (similar to the so-called Germania) on coins from Nlcomedla.

The murder of the Gorgons can sometimes be found on coins, e.g. B. in Amastris and Sebaste, but always as simple Mednsen- death. The most beautiful, rich in figures and archaeologically inter- But the most interesting representation of the myth shows a big one Copper coin from Daldis in Lydia, under Gordian III. embossed, which Mionnet (IV, 34, 178) describes as follows:

Ab. AYT-K-M-ANT-rOPAIANOC Tete lanree etc. a dr. etc.

106 A v - Mlet »

Rev. €n'A-AYP-H$AICTIflNOC-APX • A • T • B • AAA AIANQN Trois fenimes assisses ä terre auprös dun arbre; derri&re, a g6nie ail6 and a man in marchant; devant, un cheval allant a g. et regardant derrtere lui ; in the fond, Apollon-Githaroede in a small temple tetrastyle. EVER. 13y2.

The beautiful image of this coin, which Mionnet im 7th supplement volume, plate XI, 1, explains the group.

Here we see three lying sleeping girls a tree. Behind them floats the similar ones Scenes that find the sleep god in exactly the same way, just like on the screen. Naren by L. Buca with the so-called dream of Sulla (es but is Diana and Endymion) and the well-known Pompeian schen murals; they are the sleeping three Gosgons sisters. Perseus rushes up to the right, his right hand raised probably the Harpa, probably carrying the sack in her left arm. A representation of the event that is very related to the group nisses shows a white- and colorful-figured Capuan vase of ours Museum l ) of late style. The sisters are up The vase is strikingly four - resting in a similar position under the tree, only the top one and the body of the beheaded one Medusa sits upright; Perseus rushes with the harpa and the im Sack away the hidden head of Medusa. See it on the coin we left a little horse looking around, in which I, pro- leptic, which Pegasus wants to recognize. Similarly holds in naive prolepse the dying Gorgon of the Selinuntian metope the little Pegasus in his arms.

Whether and to what extent the small one shown in the background Temple with Apollo playing the lyre is part of the depiction, I don't dare decide.

In the widespread custom of the Roman Empire, on

1) Klügmann in the Annali dell Instit. 1866 p. 443 Moriuineuti Vol. VI II, Plate 34.

On Greek numismatics. 107

want to recreate existing works of art from Greek coins I also the representation of the coin for the Gopie of such a person keep, namely, according to the treatment method and grouping In order to heal art, we absolutely have to create a replica of a I have a very similar picture in the Berlin vase Representation has to have a side piece.

Here's another mythologically interesting one Mttnz type should be made aware: a beautiful Parisian Copper coin from Nicomedia in Bithynia, Antinous:

Hf. ANTINOOC HPflC head right.

Rf. H MHTPOnOAlC NIKOMHA6IA Antinous standing raising the pikes, in the left robe.

EVER. 5. (Mionn. II. 18b.)

It's true that Mionnet correctly described it, and it's also certain in the back Antinous himself, as on the backs of many of his coins, but we can see the reverse interpret here more precisely: as the scliwcfel cast teaches, rarely do we Antinous here as Hermes and exactly in the position the famous Hermes statue in the Louvre, the so-called Gcr m&nicus, from Cleomcnes. Clcomcnca' Solin from Athens. I interior At the same time, the coin proves that the interpretation that the statue represents one speaker in the costume of Hermes is very unsafe. That Hermes speaks and his speech with the characteristic Gcstus der rechten Hand begleitet, mag richtig sein, auf der Münze But we often see a safe representation of the ankh otherwise Hermes depicts Antinous in this position, and Antinmis 1 As is well known, merit is based on nothing less than

108 A.v. Sallet,

Apollo Iatros on a copper coin from Asia Minor*

Hf. Apollo head with laurel wreath and female hairstyle

to the right. Bf. AnOAAÜv lATPOs in two straight lines, from above down. Naked Apollo standing in between in front, in the right hand one that reaches down to the ground Laurel branch, in the hanging left the bow.

EVER. 5. This coin of reasonably good work, completely clear (it doesn't say AnOAAUNIATQN), I saw here in private possession; maybe she will succeed for the king. Coin cabinet too acquire. The style is obviously Asian Minor; the female looking Apollo head is similar to coins from Cyme. As far as this is concerned given the great confusion of the numismatic It seems to me that it is possible to claim that it is a coin, which describes Apollo with his otherwise frequent nickname latQog called, previously unknown. The coin appears to have a city name not to have had; There could be traces of on the left side of the branch You think you see two small letters, but this is not the case sure. Similar depictions of Apollo, on coins and Vases are common, e.g. B. on the much older silver coins from Metapontum, and we will probably be right in all of them these similar Apollo figures with the long purifying branch recognize the XnoXktav larQog.

Tessera with sun and moon and the inscriptions

ANATOAI and AYCIC.

Among the indeterminate coins in the Berlin collection are There is a small copper coin from Fox's collection, so far undeciphered, which, although not an actual coin, but more of a brand, a tessera, and more

On Greek numismatics, 109

dates back to the latest period, but is archaeologically interesting (Plate. II, 8). We see the rawest thing on the little Eupferstttck executed the bust of the sun god with a crown of rays and Ball in hand, with the right hand a torch-like object stood, probably holding the whip; So exactly the ones in later Common depiction of the Orient at the time. I read the caption certainly ANATOA(H) or as I think I see, in later, bad form ANATOAI, i.e. Oriens, sunrise, day. The back shows the bust of the moon goddess, with a torch, the crescent moon on his forehead; the caption is AYCIC, the setting of the stars, the evening '). I believe nicht, dass wir in den Umschriften und Typen eine Hindeutung on the expansion of the Roman Empire, i.e. east and west, have to recognize; it probably only likes one to any one be a tessera used for games or religious celebrations, which represents the sun and moon, day and night. A similar, But the Berliner also has a much better crafted tessera Museum, with an unclear transcription. The present tessera As I said, it is characterized by the rawest work, probably in the Orient." for example in Syria or Egypt. It is somewhat reminiscent of the city Palmyrene copper coins and belongs to the latest period» certainly not long before, perhaps even after, 300 AD.

A.v. Sallet.

1) Dysis, as the manuals teach, is also called Selene's wet nurse. On the Coin, of course, is Selene herself.

The silver coins of Barcochba.

Attempt to prove that the Jewish rebellion coins Clay denarius size all minted under Barcochba.

De Saulcy gave away all the Jewish silver and copper coins the three different dates bimv* nbfcüfe nrra rtito, bfin» 1 * inb *) ytö and tbtom* mnttb , so: year one of the Be- freedom of Israel, year 2 of the freedom of Israel, and freedom Jerusalem; the great revolt of Barcochba under Hadrian, 132 - 135 AD, during the first revolt under Nero, the one with the conquest of Jerusalem and the one that only gradually followed destruction of the remaining insurgents was completed, only the frequent small copper coins with the years two and three the freedom of Zion ( )V>X min) left Hess. *)

According to what is now a generally accepted assumption 3 ), that much I know it was first said by Levy, but it belongs A large part of these coins in the first uprising, and only which remained with the name of the era “Lacheruth Jerushalem” ben the Barcochba; As is well known, these coins are often over- mints and show clear traces of Roman denarius coins by Galba, Vespasian, Domitian, Trajan. .

To my numismatic eye there was never any doubt that de Saulcy'8 view is correct that, despite all the reasons to the contrary,

1) Lacheruth Abbreviated.

2) Merzbacher in this magazine I, 219 ff.

3) Merzbacher 1st c. p. 229; Madden, rtumism. chron. XV, 298 ff.

A.t. Sallet, The silver coins of Barcochba. \\\

despite the excellent coincidence of the on some of these The names of the priests Eleazar and Simon are mentioned on coins with those of two famous party leaders of the first uprising 1 ), while an Eleazar in the time of Barcochba (who is known- His name was Simon, as the coins prove) heavier than minted gentleman has to be proven - that all these denarius-like coins zen (and the tetradrachms also) undoubtedly belong to a period must belong. It is in ancient numismatics unprecedented and impossible for coins to match each other in style completely identical, even confusingly similar, sixty should be years apart.

Now I can also provide the objective proof of this subjective one Claim that, even if the opponents still do historical and other counter-reasons will be cited, but deserves great attention. I am a layman in Hebrew Studies also far from disregarding these reasons Importance of my observation for the chronological determination However, it is the special researchers who will give me the insight into this series of coins certainly admit in this area.

The Berlin Coin Cabinet has a silver coin of denarius size, supposedly belonging to the “first” uprising:

Hf. Traube fwa». Simon.

KJ\ palm branch bsntp yrb arc, year 2 of Israel's freedom.

(he laughs for laughcruth:.

Ai. 4. 3.o« rinn. Plate II. 7.

On the main side of this coin, under the grape, are Traces of an earlier impression can be seen, one reads. . N VS .

I) l>"r SyllableltMiar. welrhtMi Kloaxar 11ml Simon tfenwinsam ^t-pre^t , Levy (resrh.

112 A.v. Should,

This is the best of the emperor's name; only the name can Vespasian's or someone later, because no emperor before Vespasian pasian ends in N VS. The claim that the coin despite- which noeb would fall into the first uprising, which only took place in the year 73 completely extinguished l ), would be very weak in and of itself, and Something similar is said by Levy himself in such cases Denarii of Galba and Vespasian 2 ) just as a “distant one.” “Possibility” was considered and rejected. But moreover is Despite a long search through collections and books, I can't find it succeeded under the denarii of Vespasian up to and including 73 AD to find only one piece containing the inscription like our rebellion coin, namely from the outside read, d. h. with this coin (cf. Fig. Plate II, 7) from left, top, to right 3). So the possibility of that this rebellion coin from “Year 2 of Israel’s Freedom” still exists in the first uprising, under Vespasian, is so »de- fernte, dass sie wohl überhaupt aus der Beihe der Möglichkeiten The coin, like the other similar ones, belongs to shaped “lacheruth Jerusalem”, the second uprising of Barcochba, 132 - 135 AD.

So the first breach has been made here: not only this- those, mostly over-minted coins, which have the Aeren designation have “lacheruth Jerusalem” belong to the Barcochba, otherwise but also those with available types and transcriptions: dated Year two of Israel's freedom, "lacheruth Ieschreel".

I mean, these coins probably attract the entire coin class after. Wie man den mit Simon zusammen prägenden Eleasar explained - that is a matter for the special researchers. That Barcochba We only know what his name was from the stories, some of which are on record. jans denarii minted coins, which are therefore certainly only for cash

1) Levy Business d. Jewish M.p. 101.

2) 1. c-p. 105 and Anna. 1.

3) This is otherwise common with Vespasian's denarii, as early as the year 74.

The silver coins of Barcochba. 113

cochba belong'), while we are at the first step several party leaders named Simon are known: the same will be the case See also the name Eleazar repeated in Barcochba's time have and we are, the results of practical observation contrary to the law, the Eleazar-Simon denarii are not forced into the to set up the first rebellion; De Sauley already has them Existence of an Eleazar highlighted in which one can recognize Eleazar, the priest who influenced Barcochba.

The further historical circumstances may not be discussed here stay: I have been repeatedly informed by friends that the reports about the great fight for freedom of Barcochba, which takes on colossal dimensions men and let the bold military leader conquer a thousand places - . are probably exaggerated; — in any case, it is certain that under Barcochba a large quantity of coins, silver and copper, has been coined. I believe this series through the above coin significantly increased and the great probability of to have presented the earlier view derived from de Sauley. that all silver coins of this type of denarius size belong to the second, great rebellion of Barcochba, also the with Eleazar's name.

about it will be possible to prove even more and with de Sauley, in my opinion, right to claim that the first uprising only the small skinned copper coins with “Years 2 and 3 of the Freedom of Zion” continues Observation perhaps revealed.

1) Liver minted denarii of Hudrian cf. the strange passage of Thalinuri, at Levy p. l'2i) f. What is striking is all the portrayals of the Jewish writers, from Thalmud to the 10th century, the small epigraphic sense and the large one Keitntnlft* of the old numismatic monuments for Jews, while for others Peoples hardly had a faint memory of something similar.

2) Cf. But the uprising Levy 1. r. p. 102. That Ilan-w-hba Jerusalem really hesetMen, it's actually us Appian S>r. f>0 not here\nr: it just says *. xa\ . .' tt(9oa6Xvf4tt . . xa) OvHiJinamrhq xttitaxuif'f xtt) '.'fAymio^ aviiig /;i' //iof». So it was just the fact of destruction, not of siege or Kroheruiig.

Magazine for KumUniattk. V.O

114 A.v. SftUtt, The Sübermfinzeu of the Btrcochb*.

Just now, after completing the printing, give me the Kind regards to Mr. Dr. Merzbacher's blatant confirmation to what was said above. It is owned by the Professor Dr. Sepp silver coins in Munich, similar to the one above described ; I give it based on the original I have Description :

Hf. Grape. *p?{tt;V Simon. The letter in brackets destroyed by a hole.

RF, palm branch. bro*> -l...", year 2 of Israel's freedom; the name Jeshreel is mutilated, as on other similar common coins (see Merzbacher in this journal IV, 354 No. 1OOMs). AI. 4. 3.1 Gr. overprinted.

The reverse of this coin bears the clear inscription des früheren Gepräges: ...PAIAN C€B T€P; so it is one those ordinary drachmas of Caesarea in Cappadocia, from Traian, probably with a standing female figure on the back, which have the transcription exactly in this form.

This makes this type of rebellion coins irrefutable certainty in Barcochba's time and any further dis- cussion over the entire coin class is, in my opinion, over- liquid; only with contrived evidence can one take part in one Referring some of these rebellion coins to the time of capture the first uprising.

The Jewish rebellion coins of denarius size belong thus all of them belong to Barcochba.

A.v. Sallet.

A North Etruscan coin inscription.

%oriM0im

In the contributions to older coinage I have found an additional Compilation of the Ctruscan coin inscriptions given, in some of which were not yet or only inaccurately described at the time Mänzen published, and the city of Vetulonia, whose inscription rallun, which had been misread until then, was included in the series of coined cities was introduced; this reading and distribution has been common ever since commonly accepted.

With the coins minted in Etruria itself, this one has depicted the letter shapes together. This perfect The drachma that has been preserved is in the ducal collection said Gotha, whose head Mr. Hofrath and Professor Dr. Whip had the courtesy to share it with me and the verdict to allow publication.

The coin's types are definitely consistent with the oldest ones Drachmas of Massilia. which around the year 300 BC. BC

116 •*• Frierilaender,

may be coined, whatever; the style is just as beautiful Execution just as carefully: the weight approaches 3.5:* grams the full weight of these drachmas: p.77, according to de la Saussaye's Information in the Numismatique de la Gaule Narbonnaise: and Even the symbol, the crescent, can be found on some of them Drachmas of Massilia again. From this agreement one would like to conclude that the coin was minted in Massilia itself, and not in one of the areas where you can find the Massilian types has imitated. But it remains inexplicable that in Greece An Etruscan inscription was placed on a coin in a Chinese city sein sollte; incomprehensible Greek letters like PflA. XHH, XZA, XXA and similar ones are of course often found Massilian drachmas.

But there is no lack of it in the wider area around Massilia on traces of the Etruscans; in the west it encompassed their extensive Residential area not only Valtellin, Ticino, Piedmont, but up to It was enough to go to Provence; even in the Ligurian city of Ce- menelion or Cemelion, now Cimella near Nice, is an Etruscan Kish inscription was found (Corssen, the language of the Etruscan Th.I, p. 598), another in Busca near Saluzzo (ribe ibid), and the coins with the. come from Provence Northern Etruscan inscription IPHKOVESI. All three last The locations mentioned are not far from Marseille.

The inscription on the coin is complete, as the illustration shows Clearly, the planchet just doesn't have the last letter completely recorded, but there is probably no doubt that it was an i: the inscription was certainly not longer. It is so v n i) r e k r> r t o (s) to read.

There are other drachmas with the same types and other northern Etruscan inscriptions, but all of these give way from the Gotha'schen in the style dnrehaus, they are sSmmflicb barbaric. One of them has the inscription pirekos; that The best example of the three in the coin cabinet is this:

A North Etniscan coin inscription. \\7

10)11 QU

In the work mentioned above, De la Saussaye has an incomplete Coming copy shown, a slightly better Mommsen in an essay on the North Etruscan alphabets in the Middle parts of the Zurich Antiquarian Society Part VII. Like the new one, this one also has the ending os; and The inscription KPSIOS on another page also has the same ending. those of these coins, the type of which is a horse's head. The Bachstab o is not Etruscan, but in these North Etruscan It appears more often on coins, as well as on inscriptions from Veneto Corssen 8. 12). That it has the value o in the ending os, and is not an O, which is often the form in Etruscan O has, can probably not be doubted.

What is striking is how small the inscription on our coin is Number of vowels, two out of eleven letters, and three times c, which is also in pirrkos. ivlikoitesi , kt&ion, and in KPSIIrOl appears on a completely barbaric typeless gold coin. Mommsen has used this letter in the last two editions fonts for an A, a. taken, only the form P differs from A considerably. Is this letter c. Of course that remains the case The only thing left is to take this c for a u, a meaning that he hn Etruscan, although only rarely, has (Corssen Th. II, p. 1V2;: then you would get unurrkttrto[s). Ein Stadtuame. how to get in Initially expected to be found on a coin inscription seems to be here not to get stuck: with kurto .v mau is certainly not allowed to go to kur- funa Cortona, think, because there, in the middle of Etrurieii, this can happen Coin m't m * ™ r ov Massilia not to be minted.

116 J. FrtedUender,

may be coined, agree; the style is just as beautiful Execution just as carefully; the weight approaches 3.53 grams is the full weight of these drachmas: 3.77, according to de la Saussaye Information in the Numismatique de la Gaule Narbonnaise: and Even the symbol, the crescent, can be found on some of them Drachmas of Massilia again. From this agreement one would like to conclude that the coin was minted in Massilia itself, and not in one of the areas where you can find the Massilian types has imitated. But it remains inexplicable that in Greece An Etruscan inscription was placed on a coin in a Chinese city should be; incomprehensible Greek letters like PflA, XHH, XZA, XXA and similar ones are of course often found Massilian drachmas.

But there is no lack of it in the wider area around Massilia on traces of the Etruscans; in the west their extensive Residential area not only Valtellin, Ticino, Piedmont, but up to It was enough to go to Provence; even in the Ligurian city of Ce- menelion or Cemelion, now Cimella near Nice, is an Etruscan Kish inscription was found (Corssen, the language of the Etruscan Th. I, p. 598), another in Busca near Saluzzo (see ibid), and the coins with the. come from Provence Northern Etruscan inscription IPHKOVESI. All three last The locations mentioned are not far from Marseille.

The inscription on the coin is complete, as the illustration shows Clearly, the planchet just doesn't have the last letter completely recorded, but there is probably no doubt that it was an i; The inscription was certainly not longer. It is so t> n v r e k v r t o [s) to read.

There are other drachmas with the same types and other northern Etruscan inscriptions, but all of these give way The style of Gotha is definitely different, they are all barbaric. One of them has the inscription pimkos; that The best example of the three in the coin cabinet is this:

Brandenburg medals.

Plate V

Plate V was an overview of the Brandenburg Press section of the coin cabinet in the fourth part p. 318 - but the engraver was ill prevents them from being completed in time.

It represents the elector's gem mentioned on page 321 Johann Sigismund, which was formerly owned by Prince Adalbert found. This beautiful gold medallion comes with decorated with colored enamel, diamonds, rubies and pearls, and in its entirety forms a magnificent and beautiful beautiful jewelry. The inscription, golden in white enamel standing out, means Hans Sigismund Margrave Vnd ChurfÜrst Zu Brandenburg In Prcusseu Gulich Clcvc Vnd Berg Duke ANNO 1610. The reverse side is at the top right of the The reason for the inscription is also shown on this board and the heart shield with the course scepter is enamelled.

The artistically even more valuable small silver medal (P. 320, which is shown at the top left, shows the portraits Joachim II and his wife in an admirable manner liveliness. The year 1537 is there, embroidered, so to speak. on the elector's neck collar, one on the chest section no longer recognizable number which must have been 32 if it indicates his age, as on the other side in the same place that suits his wife: this youthful profile offers an ideal

Hg J. PriedUeodWy A northern European coin issue.

If the three v do not stand for u, then vncrekvr(o{s) is is read, vocals are obviously left out; then mnss You can divide the inscription and include the three names of one Officials look for how the ending os indicates a name: one could take vn erek vrto[s) for venerus verknas e.rtos- men (compare for these first two names: Corssen p. 508 and 945). An analogue may perhaps be found in the strange gold coin, which I wrote about in the contributions to older coinage for the first time I gave it correctly and precisely. She has a lovely daddy; in the first I have words, and Corssen has accepted this, the Etruscan Kish name of Volsinii presumed, in the second a be- official names ; However, it is also possible that t>elz is a first name, then velz papi would be the two names of an official, and us had a second coin with the official's name on it.

However, all northern Etruscan inscriptions have not yet been discovered. clarifiable, and we have to content ourselves with collecting them for the time being.

J. Friedlaender.

Brandenburg

Plate V

Plate V was an overview of the Brandenburg Prussian Department of the Munz Cabinet in the fourth part p. 318 - but the engraver was ill prevents them from being completed in time.

It represents the Elector's gem mentioned in 321 Johann Sigismund, which was previously owned by Prince Adalbert found. This beautiful gold medallion comes with decorated with colored enamel, diamonds, rubies and pearls, and in its entirety forms a magnificent and beautiful bold jewelry. The inscription, golden in white enamel standing out at the bottom means Hans Sigismund Margrave Vnd Churfflrst Zu Brandenburg In Preussen Gülich Cleve Vnd Berg Duke ANNO 1610. The reverse side is at the top right of the The reason for the inscription is also shown on this board and the heart shield with the course scepter is enamelled.

The artistically even more valuable small silver medal (P. 320, which is shown at the top left, shows the portraits Joachim II and his wife in an admirable manner liveliness. The year 1537 is embroidered, so to speak, on the elector's shirt collar, one on the chest section no longer recognizable number which must have been 32 if it indicates his age, as on the other side in the same place that suits his wife; This youthful profile offers a

120. J* Friedlmender, Brandenburg medals.

drawing counterpart to those of the two stone models on the Years 1,560, which appear on plates VI and VII of the fourth part are shown. The portrait of the Car Princess has the inscription HEDWIG Born From Royal Lineage Zn POLAND MARk- Countess (Zu) BRANdenburg 1537. On the section of the arm it says AE. 24. She was born in 1513, the daughter of King Sigismund I. from Poland; The name Sigismund came from him whom one of her and Joachim's sons, Archbishop of Magde- castle, led and later also by Elector Johann Sigismund.

J. Friedlaender.

M i s c e 1 1 e n.

Antique embossing machine. In the beautiful museum of Lyon I found one in the city itself in the fall of 1876. their little embossing machine for an Aureus of the younger I've seen Faustina before. Like the one below Sketch shows, consists of machine to the two-piece cken, which are closed about 16 to 18 centimeters may be high Thickness becomes 3 to 4 Centim. amount to; these Size details are not dangerous because it is locked this glass box in which the Machine suits me, not me geöffnet werden konnte.

Taken apart shows the bottom piece its upper surface recessed stamp for the Downside. The top one Stttck is hollow at the bottom so it forms a square tube, into which the lower piece fits exactly. The bottom of this

r

122 HUcells.

Tube of the top piece contains the recessed stamp of the Front. You can see: the plantain became the bottom one piece was laid, then the top piece was put on, and now the Malleator hit the upper surface. The machine was To do this, place it on an anvil and hold it with your left hand. held.

An impression of this stamp, which I made as a favor of Mr. Feuardent in Paris, shows by the size, dass Aurei, nicht Denare, geprägt wurden. The style is that ordinary good of this Empress's coins; the type of Reverse side of the well-known one: the seated Cybele, with the inscription MATRI MAGNAE.

The tube part of the top piece is about 2! / 2 centimeters deep; since it would not be possible to head into the narrow depth to cut, it is probably an insert in which the Stamp is cut.

From a competent technical point of view it is noted that this Machine for a larger number of embossings not easy and seems practical enough. I would therefore like to assume that them to a counterfeiter at the same time for the production of sub- may have served aerates. In any case, the figure proves print that the stamps are antique.

Since I don't remember a picture of this machine Having seen it, I felt I could share this news have to. J. Friedlaender.

Naoiwiai coins. In Volume III. P. 317ff this one Magazine has Mr. Imhoof-Blumer the coins with the inscription NAZI, the lesbian town of Nape Nasi Nesiope or also dem kephallenischen Nesos zugeschrieben wurden , besprochen: he assigns it to an otherwise unknown lesbian city. The The origin of these coins can now be determined more precisely: in an instructive essay in the ßftltofrfarj %ai juovaelav %%$ tvayyelixfjg oxokfjg iv SftuQvq neQiödog ß, %%oq a 1870 points

Miscellaneous. 123

Mr. O. EarinoB p. 120 ff. by an inscription from the Diadochi xeit after that Naouojat, the name for the inhabitants the island of Pordoselene, the current Moschonesos between Lesbos and the mainland. The ones he discovered on the island himself The coins advertised are correct except for an unmarked copper coin (Apollo's head) (bull's head n.r.g.) with those in Mr. Inihoof- Blumer 8. 313 No. 12 - 17 and 8. 314 No. 20 agree; the latter is without a symbol, on one of the former appears as a new one Symbol a mouse. Hans Droysen.

Prof. Dr. Pichler would like the following to be printed

retort.

The “Repertory of Styrian Coin Studies” III. Vol. is in »Journal. f.Num." 1S7(5, IV. Vol., 1st, 2nd ed. pp. 215 - 17 through H. D. all too exclusively as a monograph for Styrian Medieval coin descriptions have been discussed. This Repertory is rather a compilation of all coins scientific news from the Celtic and Roman times Middle Ages and modern times regarding the province of Styria part of the empire, namely, as I can assume, one of the time after) first such compilation for an Austrian Chinese province. Something completely exhaustive should and could not be achieved in any game of the 3 volumes, the offered space and financial resources, which the sources prohibited myself. However, I am not responsible for a single strictly technical question somehow got out of the way. That “that’s actually now” "Mismatic element is foreign to the author" is something gentle assertion; collecting coins for *lo years, since Working at a public coin cubicle for 20 years 10 years as a university lecturer in this subject, I think masses about the scope and content of numismatics and their use hope to have taught me about cultural history. Those

124 miscellaneous.

Subordinating this to this may perhaps be one of my wrong assumptions. be visible, but I intend to remain there. Some It is suggested that preparatory work over the last few years would have helped me more complete. I didn't leave any of them unused and if, out of special friendship, a well-known Eastern Reich coin scholar is countered, then it must be but it can be stated that so far the same is a more complete one about Styria's coinage history as a whole (as far as I know) know) because he didn't put it there. Where I but his valuable special research as precisely as anyone else If you didn't know it, didn't use it, didn't quote it, you would had to prove to me. Also the “various un- "right conditions" in the (admittedly too broad, dark) speculation should be better shown than just hinted at become. “To rely entirely on Cappc,” I had der Natur der Sache nach keine Veranlassung; because you know probably only Cappe from Tfreich mints Brixen, Neustadt, Salzburg, specifically Styrian only Grätz (III. No. 833-35) alone, what would I have? a lot to do with gaps? It was only a side, accompanying thing to take the influential imperial coinage into account and In this regard, it is my clear mistake Dannenberg (“German coins of the Saxon and Franconian Kaiserzeit", Berlin 1870) published my little book (Grätz 1875) to have given; Since then, since Cappe' 8 last "very bitter Clearance" (see Lit. C.-Blatt 1870, p. 780), are always However, out of the hundreds of people deceived by Cappe, not ten remain have remained, even though the job is on cape (like Dannen- Berg himself proves enough; still remain good manners will. With my figures 1, 2 text pp. 8, 9) I actually lied incorrectly. Not “one or the other.” I described the ducal coin v. but all relevant ones or thought so, or knew HU. which ones besides these?

micelles. 125

I just don't proceed with secure assignments. that Seemed to me like dizziness given the finds at this time. “Something could be said about the mints”; it is said ä. 23 f. Neuenkirchen), 24 f. Enns, Vischa, Grätz, Pettau), p. 27 (styles). The “curiously marked I. coins”

"tables" bear the exact number -j— ^y » 22—40 u * 8 ' w * 7 °' )ell ~ Additionally, an index is presented in front of the figure board the text page. It is incorrect that I support the interpretation of Aeiou First and foremost, Austria est in orbe ultima. I say a lot- more Austria erit in orbc ultima, and that certainly sounds like that's why I don't have anything "incomprehensible" even in the first place “place” brought; but if I also have the evil interpretations did not keep secret (First of all, Oestreich is lost, etc.). like that This is because we are able to pass on such factual information allowed to write. I only protect myself against pain- call, breathed out in a numismatic way. Otherwise I am the excellent coin scholar for his exhibitions to sincere thanks, even if it was for an acknowledgment identification (as I personally know completely unknown people in »Wiener num. Ztsehr.u 1S7G. VIII. 221 and Zarnckc, “Lit. C sheet« I87G. 8. 1522 nevertheless pronounced not a dry word. Graz. Dr. Fritz Pichlcr.

Literature.

Bompois. F., Examen chronologique des mon- naies frappees par la communaute des Macedoniens avant, pendant et apres la conquete romaiue. Paris 1876 with VI plates.

The author includes the coins of the Macdonians in general Pike start with a very rare one, the slightly later ones

126 Litmtiir.

LEG-like tetradrachms: laurel-crowned head of Artemis to the right in the middle of a large Maoedonian shield and on the station MAKEAONQN next to a club, around oak wreath. Then follow the smaller coins of the Macedonians generic. The tetradrachms with LEG MAKEAONfiN (the double E in both words are certainly double strikes, like Friedlaender has already noted in this magazine) there is bomb- pois most likely to Aemilin's legate Paullus: Asinius Gallns. The symbol: hand with branch up These mitoses are absolutely correctly described by the author as peace symbol interpreted.

The coins of Macedonia prima begin with the fttr a medal-like initial minting only occurred in Naples and Berlin existing beautiful tetradrachmon: Zeus head with Oak wreath (copy of the Poseidon head of the tetradrachms of Antigonus) and Artemis on the bull, the type of Am- pbipolis. This coin includes the well-known mints the Macedonia prima, secunda and quarta, about whose coinage The author's authorization is very remarkable and convincing makes comments.

The division of those bearing a Syrian character copper serrati and some others to the rebel Andriscus Philippns is not certain, although the assignment of the serrati on Andriscns appealing through his flatness to the Syrian King Demetrius Soter and his later return are justified will.

The gold stater with BAZIAEfiZ IAinriOY will be with Security Philip V restitutes.

This is followed by the coins of the quaestors C. Publilius and L. Fulctnios, then those of Aesillas and Suura (2 copies plare known, London and Berlin) which, as Borghesi after* has shown. Brattius Suura was called and was a legate of the Roman Proconsute Archelaus, Mithradat s Feldhenm in 87 BC. BC

Utentor. 127

hit. A reference to these pieces in the Civil War between Caesar and Pompey seems incorrect.

With regard to these coins I refer Bompois Bach to Friedlaender's article in this journal III, 177 1).

At the end are the barbaric free replicas Macedonian coins, the last with the head of Artemis ordinary tetradrachms of Macedonia prima and secunda

and a raw horse on the back.

A.v. S.

Julius and Albert Erbstein: On medieval coinage History of the Counts of Hansfeld and the noble Lords of Querfurt, as well as its neighborhood, especially the monastery Quedlinburg. One discovered by the Gerbstaedt bracteate find occasioned numismatic sketch. Dresden 1876. 8. P. 34. With 1 panel illustrations.

The rider's bracteate of the tanning is completely convincing. city find with the mysterious NIC ;s. Stenzel numism. Stud. IV, 71} on the basis of the fourfold ones appearing in the field diamond and its similarity to that secured by writing Bracteates of Count Burkhard von Mansfeld went there pointed out, and as a result of the perceptions made here a whole series of bracteates, which were previously unknown remained or were misunderstood, the same count and the Allotted to the Lords of Querfurt, who died out of the old Counts of Mansfeld Hoy see tribe [1229]. the hereditary married to Burgrave Burkhard von Querfurt daughter Sophia finally came into possession of the county. The coins remain somewhat doubtful, which are just the Bar shield show, as this is also the Saxon or the Ballenstädtische can be; On the other hand, every doubt disappears those stamps that accompany this shield

1) Unfortunately there was an oversight in the illustration. Behind SWR A itolK LEO with a clear O, not C.

128 liter star.

Show the Mansfeld coat of arms of the diamond. — Coming soon the, just as appealing, the bracteates of the imaginary find with the name Albert around a building (No. 33 - 37) depending the title, the Archbishop of Magdeburg and the Saxony dukes awarded, and finally the bracteate, on which a saint with both hands in front of his body - deepened depicted head holds, along with the one that follows it, from Magdeburg to Quedlinburg. In Magdeburg This would be due in particular to its technical properties The striking idea cannot find an explanation, while In Quedlinburg, such things can be presented very easily and informally. offers when one remembers that saints who were born through According to legend, they met their death the execution raised her head and still a distance have carried far, mostly on medieval works of art unharmed body, the severed head second in the Hand-carrying appear, and that the one in Quedlinburg next to Dionysius Areopogita venerated St. Servatius as his patron saint belongs to the class of these saints. —

Ultimately, the authors come to the conclusion that: the find is not, as Mr. Stenzel meant to go down to 1260 is enough, but was buried no later than 1225. We are them for this thorough, through 1 board with excellent results Education explained work very gratefully. H.D.

Lehr: Essai sur la numismatique Suisse. Lausanne 1875. P. P. 115, with 5 plates of illustrations (printed from the Revue numismatique 1874).

More than the title and the preface promise, a short one Overview of the Swiss coin system (un simple tableau en raccourci de la numismatique Helvätique) you can from the- this book cannot reasonably be demanded. But what was promised it does, even if the Middle Ages fared worse than modern times. The material is divided into 5 chapters, of which:

Literature. 1 29

you second and most important in 2 departments according to the alphabet first the character of the worldly and then that of the spiritual traditional coin stands. The remaining chapters have to Objects: No. I a sketch of the Swiss coinage history, Kr. III the coins which are available to several or all can- tone together, Kr. IV brings the commemorative coins, Kr. V brings a reduction table for the main coin types of the last centuries. Individual errors and imperfections with regard to the Middle Ages, which is the only one we are dealing with here have hardly any effect on the use of the book, but The following comments may be made in this regard. Page 8 lets the Mr. Immediately issued the coins to the Merovingians the kings of Burgundy and the dukes of Alemannia follow gen, without the very rare and isolated stamps the Carolingians should be mentioned. Nor is it correct if the oldest coins from the bishops of Basel and Chur second half of the 11th century Yearb. be moved because they rather until the beginning or even the end of the 10th century. to report what was said at Chur on 8th 69. tigen eats. 8. 9 are incorrectly the square bracteates for the oldest explained. 8. 18 would have been the Basel team Gold guilders also the most interesting and rare with Fabst Julias II Kamen (Mäm. St. Fet. IV, p. 371) touched and not again the rare thaler coins with Munatius Plancus, the Founder of Augusta Kauracorum should be mentioned. 8. 21. That Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen, the founder of Bern, which had the right to mint, can hardly be doubted, since we know from the coins themselves that his Ancestors exercised this right at the end of the 10th century have, the award of which is also accompanied by a certificate from 999) is witnessed. 8. 22 becomes Emperor Friedrich II as the ruler called, to whom Bern owed its mint rights, but the inter- The important fact is that we also have coins with us

Journal of Xuminmatics. V.tt

130 literature.

his. have names (Köhne N. F. V, 414). 8. 26. The Chur people Denarii of Emperor Otto (I) are by no means less rare than that of Louis the Pious, rather so little to see, that people even doubted their authenticity. P. 31. The Assumption that since 1124 or since 1219 the bishops have been with The exclusion of the counts in Geneva would have resulted in this Count Peter's character is refuted. Or shouldn't they originated in the city? P. 47. The one listed here Orbe denarii from the XII century Century goes that of the king Conrad of Burgundy (with TAPERNIA' in old age. P. 53. The Thaler from Solothurn (Plate IV, 11) does not bear the year number 1501, but is from the middle of the XVI. Year p. 78. The lamb pennies are by no means the oldest coins in the world St. Gallen Abbey, rather the one, slightly larger, with the head of the saint and the inscription MONETA SANCTI GALLI. The illustrations of the 15 reproduced in copper engraving, for Some rare coins are as excellently achieved as the Name Dardel conditional. H.D.

Numismatic chronicle 1 87t>, IV. Head, B. V., on a recent find of staters of Cyzicus. One through the coin trade widespread discovery of Cyzicans, some of them new and interesting guys. The strangest piece is evident which, I believe, was first written by Mr. J. P. Six in Amsterdam correctly recognized Cecrops. with a branch and a serpent's body very similar on an ancient Athenian terracotta and a beautiful bowl, both in Berlin. Gardner, P., the date of king Mostis, and of certain later coins of Thasos. The Mostis tetradrachm is a late tetradrachm coined by Thasus. One of these tetradrachms has a with Monogram S\R interpreted on the right of the Bruttius Suura. The Coins from Mostis are given in the years 274 and 258, by their dates as belonging to the Seleucid era be considered. — The reading of the last one I discussed

Literature. 131

flat coin of the Coty KOTYOC XAPAKTH(P (p. 304) in Dresden is completely safe. I have the print. — Gardner, P., a monetary league on the Enxine sea. imperial coins of the cities of Olbia, Tyra, Istrns, Tomi, Callatia, Dionyso- polis. Ödes s us, Marcianopolis, Anchialus, Bizya carry individual ones Letters in the field, which are symbols of value for a certain show a common coin connection. Reichardt, H.C, remarks on the »numismatique de la terre-sainte, p. F. deSaulcy.” Lewis. 8. S. Shekel of the year fife. A happy event niss in Jewish numismatics: the great find from Jericho contained an Öekel with a very clear 51 W, year five, the the author acquired it from Mr. Hoflfmann. Willet, E.H., hoard of Saxon pennies found in the city of London 1872. Litera- ture, including a copy of the new magnificent work on Scottish Coins by R. W. Cochran Patrick (Edinburgh 1876, 2 full.) and miscellaneous. A.v. 8.

Numismatic magazine. Vienna. VIIIth year. 2nd half of 1877. Blue. 0.. Azubaal King of Byblos. Blue, O. Satrap Orontas. A variety of silver coins with the head of Pallas. Blau, 0., Barsine, wife of Alexander d. Big ones. In the picture by Luynes, Satrapies Plate XVI, 1 deten silver in ounce: female head to the right. RF. Lion one Bull attacking, the author wants a coin from the Persian woman Barsine recognize. The inscription on the back is Alksndr, so Alexander who read the front Barsi. That in Persia We now know that portraits already existed at that time sure. The reading of the back has already been similar, without However, to think of Alexander, Levy found; would still be But it is striking if, at such an early date, a non-legitimate time king's wife would be placed on the coins while As is well known, we only know about the image of the king himself on coins, which most likely only came after his death are shaped, remain dependent. Blue, 0., Three more gold

9*

■i

130 literature.

His name has »Köhne N.F. V, 414^. 8, 36. The Chur people Denarii of Emperor Otto (I) are by no means less rare than that of Louis the Pious, rather so little to see, that people even doubted their authenticity. 8. 31. The Assumption that since 1124 or at least since 1219 the bishops have been with The expulsion of the counts in Geneva would have resulted in this Count Peter's character is refuted. Or shouldn't they to have originated in the city/ 8. 47. The one listed here Orbe denarii from the XII century Yearb. goes that of the king Conrad of Burgundy (with TAPERNIA; aged 8. 53. The Thaler from Solothurn (Plate IV, 11) does not bear the year number 1501. solid is «in the middle of the XVI. Year 8. 78. The lamb pennies are by no means the oldest coins in the world St. Gallen Abbey, rather the one, slightly larger, with the head of the saint and the inscription MONETA SANCTI GALLI. The illustrations of the 15 reproduced in copper engraving, for Some rare coins are as excellently achieved as the Name Daniel conditional. H.D.

Numismatic chronicle lS7ö. IV. Head. B.V., on a recent find of staters of Cyzicus. One through the coin trade widely spread find from Kvzikener with new ones and interesting guys. The strangest piece is evident which, I believe, was first written by Mr. J. P. Six in Amsterdam correctly recognized Cecrops. with a branch and a serpent's body, behold very similar on an ancient Athenian terracotta and a beautiful bowl, both in Berlin. Gardner, P., the date of king Mostis, and of certain later coins of Tfaasos. The Mostis tetradrachm is a late tetradrachm coined by Thasus. One of these tetradrachms has a with On the right of the Kruttius Suura there is a monogram S\Ä. The Coins from Mostis are given in the years 274 and 258, by their dates as belonging to the Seleucid era be considered. — The reading of the last one I discussed

Literature. 131

flat coin of the Coty KOTYOC XAPAKTH(P p. 304) in Dresden is completely safe. I have the print. — Gardner. P., a monetary league on the Euxine sea. imperial coins of the cities of Olbia, Tyra. Istrus, Tomi, Callatia, Dionysus polis. Odessas, Marcianopolis, Anchialus, Bizya carry single ones Bach letters in the field, which are symbols of value for a certain identify a common network connection. Reichardt, H.C, remarks on the »numismatique de la terre-sainte. p. F. deSaulcy.” Lewis. 8. S. Shekel of the year fife. A happy Ercig niss in Jewish numismatics: the great find from Jericho contained a shekel with a very clear 31 W. Year five, the the author acquired from Mr. Hoffmann. Willet, E.H. hoard of Saxon pennies found in the city of London 1S72. Litera ture, including a copy of the new magnificent work on Scottish Coins by R. W. Cochran Patrick Edinburgh 1870. 2 Full.) and miscellaneous. A.v. S.

Numismatic magazine. Vienna. VIIIth year. 2nd half of IS77. Blue. 0.. Azubaal King of Byblos. Blue. O.. Satrap Orontas. A variety of silver mttnzc with the head of Pallas. Blue. <>., Barsine. wife of Alexander the Great Big ones. In that of Luynes. Satrapies Plate XVI. 1 shown deten »Silver capes: female head to the right. Itf. Lion one Bull attacking, the author wants a coin from the Persian woman Barsine recognize. The inscription on the back is Alksndr, so Alexander who read the front Barsi. That in Persia We now know that portraits* already occurred at that time sure. The reading of the back has already been similar, without but to think of Alexander. Levy found; would still be But it is striking if, at such an early date, a non-legitimate time king's wife would be placed on the coins while As is well known, we only know about the image of the king himself on coins, which probably only break after his death embossed «1*4. stay attached. Blue, 0., Three more gold

132 Literature.

Coins of the Fharzoios. Three varieties of this rare coin, one with <|>APZOIOY, another has name and title on it distributed to both sides. They all say OA. Markl, A., Ueber the production of embossing stamps in the later Roman period Imperial period. Lusohin-Ebengreuth, A. v., The Vienna Pfen- nige. Find list8 and critical studies. Büppel, E-, Medals for doctors and natural scientists. Literature. In it a very thorough, sharp review of S. L. Poole's Cata- logue of oriental coins etc. from Karabacek. Mi sc hurry. In it more interesting notes about the suspected Serbians Gold coins. A.v. S.

Coins from Selge and Aspendos.

(Plate VI.)

Under the title “The Pamphylian inscriptions on coins” zen" is given by Julius Friedlaender in the fourth volume of the "Magazine for Numismatics", pp. 297 - 303, interesting information about the dialectical forms found on coin inscriptions from Aspendos, Sillyon and Perga are hit.

The inscription XTAELIYX remained unmentioned, which on some rare ones, probably in the Pisidian Selge minted coins occur.

I leave here the description of the ones I became aware of Specimens of this genus follow.

1) JR. 22» size 11.08. — Two naked wrestlers.

Letter X...LIIYX. slinger to the right; in the field, before him, an astragalus. The whole thing is of a qua- drat surrounded by dotted lines, and this by a recessed square. — In two counter brands: a beardless double head, and one from the floor raising billy goat to the left, with turned back the head.

My collection.

2) AI. 23 m size 10.95. — Same types, symbol and qua-

drate; the inscription is (X)TAEI~IY(X). Mttnzkabinet Munich.

Journal of Numismatics. V. 10

C

134 Dr - F - Imhoof-Blomer,

3) A. 23? Gr. 10.92. — Likewise, with XTAELIY-; and under

the astragalus, a wreath. — Countermark of the Hf.: a standing owl; the Rf.: a kneeling bow- protect left.

M. S. Plate VI No. 1 .

4) A. 23™ size. 10.80. — Two naked wrestlers.

Rf. XTAEL I YX . slinger to the right; between that legs, an astragalus; in front of him, a slightly smaller one naked male figure, walking to the right, and holding a wreath in his right hand. on- socket and recessed square as on the previous one. — Countermark: a triquetra. Turin Museum. Plate VI No. 2.

5) A. 24™ size. 10.50. — Same types and squares. The

Inscription is destroyed by countermarks. Before that Slinger, an astragalus, and under this, a conical object between two underneath united branches. — In two contrast marks: one itself Goat rising from the ground to the right, with head turned back, and a scream to the right tending male figure.

M. S. — A second specimen of this variety is can be found in the Museum of Athens, No. 5734. Descriptions of similar silver coins can be found in Auction catalogs by H. P. Borrell 1852, No. 270 (size 10.94 with sword and astragalus); in the Ivanoff catalog 1863, No. 457 (Size 10.76 with lance tip and astragalus), and No. 460 (Size. 10.76, with OT, and bird on an astragalus); in the catalog J. Whittall 1867, No. 636 (size 10.95 with SEAEHON, Astra- galos and indefinite symbol), perhaps the same or one similar piece to Friedlaender a. a. O. P. 298, Aura. 1 on leads; and in O. Blaus 7 “De numis Achaemenidarum”, 1855, p. 6, with supposedly XTAErEYX. From the rich Wad collection

The coins of Selge and Aspendos. 135

dington's I finally wrote down a piece with ZTAEriON and indefinite symbol.

6) AL. 11? Gr. 1.04. — Gorgon head from the front, with out

hanging tongs. Rf. Pallaskopf to the right; in front of the same, ZT and Ast ra- galos.

Brit. Museum. Plate VI No. 3. The anepigraphic silver mints are lined up here Gorgoneion and Pallas's Head, which used to be Halicarnassus, then but by Waddington in the Revue numismatique 1853, p. 46, No. 1 - 3, certainly rightly, blessings were assigned. From this- The following varieties are also known to me:

7) AI. 10? Gr. 1.—Gorgoneion with tongue hanging out. RF Pallas head to the right, with decorated helmet. — More beautiful

style. — M.S.

8) AI. 10? Gr. 0.80. — Similar head with closed

mouth. Rf. Pallaskopf to the right; Helmet shape and bush exactly like those of the tetradrachms of Side; above the 1. shoulder a spear. — M.S.

9) AL. 10? Gr. 0.81. — Same types, with an Astra

galos behind the spear; a wing on the helmet. M.S. — Cf. Waddington, a. a. O. Plate II, 6.

10) AL. 9? Gr. 0.80. — Like the previous one, without helmet wings.

M.S. — Mus. Hunter, plate LXVII, 12.

11) AL. 9? Gr. 0.97. — The same head from the front.

RF Pallaskopf to the right; behind it an Astra galos. — M.S.

12) AL. 10? Gr. 0.61. — Same types; behind the Pallas

head an astragalus andt. M.S.

13) AI. 9? Gr. 0.82. — Same types; in front of Pallas's head

an astragalus.

10*

I

136 Dr - F - Imhoof-Blumer,

14) M. 8? Gr. 0.62. — lion head reohtshin.

Bf. Astragalus in a square of punctured lines. Recessed square.

M. S. Plate VI, No. 7.

15) Jl. 7? Gr. 0.43. — Gorgoneion from the front, with closed

this moon. Rf. Astragalus behind a lion's head to the right. M.S.

16) AI. 7? Gr. 0.43. — Same, with the Astragalus under that

Lion heads.

M.S. — Waddington, a. a. 0. Plate II, 7.

17) AI. 7 1 ? Gr. 0.48. — Same types, without astragalus.

M.S. The togetherness of these coins, whose almost con- The constant symbol is an astragalus, which is probably out of the question Doubts. The allocation of the whole thing is almost as certain Group to Selge. H. P. Borrell already reported in his Auction catalogs 1S52, No. 222, that Selge and his entourage exercise is the usual place where small coins are found, and Waddington a. a. 0. P. 47 confirms this. The letters ZT the previously edited copy from the British Museum (No. 6) and its symbols convey the determination of the great ones Silver coins with the full inscription XTAELIYS. The fact that the characters A and L are different letters means indicates their simultaneous occurrence in the same word. L is to be understood as gamma, as Friedlaender did, p. 302 the “Magazine for Numismatics” correctly assumed; for the The correctness of this interpretation is further demonstrated by the alternation of the two Forms L and I", e.g. on coin no. 2. *). STAELIYX So stands for XTAEriOX, which is not the same as EXTFEAIIYX (= EXflEAlOX for AXflENAlOX) can be,

1) L for f also appears frequently in the inscriptions on Segesta coins.

The Mflnia of Selge and Aspendos. 137

but in all probability as a form of one- can be explained by the local name of Seigier. Others, something variant forms of the same name are, as we have seen, ZTAELIIYS, XTAEriYX, STAEHON .*), and, like that The following piece still shows EXTAELIIYX: 18) AI. 24/21? Gr. 10.96. — Two wrestlers.

Rf. EZTAELIIYZ. Slinger to the right, in front of him Field a Triquetra. The squares as usual 2). M. S. Plate VI No. 4.

The coin is of good style. Their inscription is different from the previous ones by the prefixed E, and in the place of The Triquetra appears here at Attragalus, which is indeed excellent peculiar to the coinage of Aspendos, but also to the more recent Selge's coins of the same type, which are marked with XEAREöN are drawn, is hit. The E may either be for reasons of see the Stempelschneiders, or, what is probably more likely is, to have been set as a euphonic letter.

Brandis (Coinage in Near East, p. 347, note 4). the native name of Aspendos, EXTFEAIIYX the Greek atpavdovrjTtjg, which also includes the coin type of slinger leads. With just as much probability you might read the word ozley- yig, its variants oveXyig and axeXsyyig the same displacement of the letters AE in EA show how that inscription and the younger XEArEÖN. Particularly valuable I don't want to agree with these suggestions, however The oxXeyyig is closely related to the King's coin image stands.

i) SEAEHON and STAErEYS are forms which I do not have the opportunity to use had to confirm on originals *).

2) A very similar piece to No. 18, but with the inscription STAErEIY*

(Size 10.97), I found later in the Munich Coin Cabinet.

*) As detailed investigations show, the Berlin copy also has the second letter of which is not entirely clear and we therefore chose it as E. will keep, CTAEriON. A.v. S.

138 Dr F. Imhoof-Blumer,

19) M. 17» — Round shield.

Rf O — O . PaJlas head to the right; in front of him a lance top.

Collection of the Schottenstift in Vienna. Plate VI No. 6.

According to its type, this bronze medal belongs to Selge, cf. Mionnet, in, p. 523 no. 180. If this is correct, then it should This city also receives a portion of the coins of the same metal. men, which Friedlaender a. a. 0. p. 302/3 assigned to Aspendos, and some of which have the same inscription O ©. There for Both cities used common types for their silver coinage and at times even the same symbols, it cannot strange if this is also the case for the copper stampings would have been. Of course, the opposite can also be assumed here It is said that Aspendos has certain types of coins from Selge borrowed and an example of this is coin no. 19.

20) EVER. 17? Gr. 4.35. — Front part of a bridled one

horse to the right. Rf TT— Q. Horse blanket or saddle?

M. S. Plate VI No. 5. I carry this coin, of which varieties with the book The letters Od, EG, M and AM are known, only their new ones Because of the inscription and the special shape of the Digamma.

The large number of known Aspendian silver coins are to add the following, which are either characterized by certain special forms of inscriptions or interesting symbols. 21) AI. 20? Gr. 10.92. — Naked man striding to the right Warrior, helmeted, with a large one on his left arm round shields, and in the pike with a pre- armed with a stretched spear. Between his legs a turtle. Rf. In a square of double lines a triquetra; the letters EX between its feet

The coins of Selge and Aipendos. 139

Ivy leaf, and a dolphin to the right. This Whole in a recessed square.

M.S. — Cf. Mionnet, III, p. 518, no. 142-149; Mus. Hunter, Plate VII, Nos. 15-18; de Luynes, Choix de m&lailles grecques, plate XI, no. 15; Leake, Num. Bright. As. Gr. pp. 28 and 144. 22; jR. 21? Gr. 10.58. — Same type on the right, without epithet. Rf. Lion striding to the right, partly by one covered with a large triquetra, above it ESP. Deepened square.

Brit. Museum. — It seems that this is what Fried- countries a. a. 0. p. 303 mentioned and not described in more detail. to be a written coin. Plate VI, No. 8.

23) jft. 23? Gr. 10.90. — Two naked bingers, one of them

the opponent's right leg turned to the left captured. Rf TT 23. Slinger to the right, in the field to the right Triquetra; the whole is made of a square of punk- tired lines, and this one of a recessed square framed. — M.S.

24) M. 23? Gr. 10.78. — Same as the previous one, with the

font 33. M.S.

25) M. 25/20? Gr. 10.88. — Two wrestlers, holding hands

and feet. Rf. Same as the previous one, marked ESTfEE. M.S.

26) jR. 25/23? Gr. 10.75. — Two wrestlers, as at No. 23. RF...FEAIIYX. Slinger on the right: left in the field

a triquetra; on the right a tall herm with a bearded man head on the right. Same squares. M.S.

140 Dr- F - Imhoof-Blumer,

27) M. 22? Gr. 10.76. — Two naked wrestlers, just siph on

grasping the poor; between them YA. Bf. Inscription, type and squares, as on the previous ones coins ; behind the slinger a small triquetra; in front of him a naked male winged figure, with arms lowered and head turned to the right standing from the front. — Three counter stamps. "

M. S. — Shown in my Choix de monnaies grecques, plate V, 161.

28) AI. 24 » Size 10.85. — Same type. — In a con-

tremarke a beardless head from the front. Example: Same inscription, type and squares; before the Slingshot a triquetra and under the latter a Eagle standing to the right. — In five counter brands: a 1st standing billy goat; a 1st standing eagle; a triquetra; a 1st jumping wolf with a crescent moon above; a r. standing bird. M.S.

29) AI. 25/21 ■ Size 10.90. — Same as the previous one without any

Countermark. — M.S.

30) AL. 22? Gr. 10.70. — Ä>\ between the two wrestlers. Bf. EXTFEAIITX. slinger to the right; in front of him

Triquetra. The ordinary squares.

M. S. — The penultimate letter of the inscription is a sharply cut rope, and probably a twist to be attributed to the stamp cutter's sight.

B.A

31) ^Ä. 23™ size 10.81. — p between the two Bingers.

— An owl in a counter stamp. Respondent ESTFEAIIYS. Type, symbol and squares as on the previous one; in front of the barrel of the slinger <|>. — Two not very clear counter marks. M.S.

The coins of Selge and Aipendoa. 141

Two similar pieces in my collection have an r. lying dog with H above it, and a head of Pallas on the right- out with 3|>Y of the same, to be highlighted as countermarks.

32) jR. 25? Gr. 10.83. — Two wrestlers. — An owl in

Countermark. Petitioner (EjXTFEAIIY(X) — BAFE. Scbleuderer to the right; in front of him a triquetra. Ordinary squares. Turin Museum.

33) jR. 25? Gr. 10.70. — nO between the two wrestlers. EITFEA1IYC. slinger to the right; in front of him that

Front part of a horse jumping to the right Monogram K. The whole of a pearl circle surrounded, without depression.

M.S. — Cf. Mionnet HI, p. 521, no. 165 and 166, and Suppl. VII, plate V, 3. In terms of style, this coin corresponds to Selge's coinage with the Greek inscription, although this is still the old one Has sigmoid shape.

34) A. 19? Gr. 5.18. — Rider dashing to the right

flying cloak, spear in raised right hand swinging. Bf. EXT FE AI . Boar jumping to the right.

M. S. — Shown in my Choix de monnaies

grecques plate V, no. 162. Cf. Eckhel, Num. vet.

anecd. Plate XIII, 3; Duteus, Explication de quelques

m6dailles grecques plate I, 2; Catalog H. P. Borrell

1852, No. 265 and 266, and catalog Ivanoff No. 454.

The interpretation, which p. 301 of the magazine. for Numismatics IV

the inscriptions MEtfETYX EAYTA and EAYTA MENE-

TYS is not new; because already two ago

Years ago, W. Froehner, in his M61anges d'6pigraphie

et d'arcWologie, XI - XXV (Paris 1875) p. 44/46, these coins

discussed, and demonstrated that their pamphylic appearance

142 German F. Imhoof-Blumer, The coins of Selge and Aspendos.

Scriptures most likely in the Greek words Mtve- %og eylvtya are to be transferred. He was less happy distinguished archaeologist in the interpretation of the name AIIYS a. a. 0. P. 46, 1. The inscription is from this AIIYI, as shown in an illustration on Froehner's driven coin could be read, only apparently divorced; because the second and last letter of the inscription are not to be understood as an iota, but as a totally flattened, like iota looking s i gm a shapes, like them more or less flattened on some other copies of this series are wise. The inscriptions in question are therefore not different: they give the native name of the Aspendier.

Winterthur, end of March 1877.

Dr. F. Imhoof-Blumer.

Greek overprints.

Dr. Julius Friedlaender recently wrote in the fourth volume of "Journal of Numismatics" pp. 328 - 349 a larger number minted ancient coins are communicated and clearly explained. compiled. Following his invitation, further material To contribute to the given, I note here some of the impressions that I currently remember and those in that one Compilation is missing. The majority of them affect rare ones or inedited coins, which are therefore subject to precise seem worth writing.

Rhegion on Messana.

ff Off 1} /fl. 25? Gr. 17. — I03JT Hare jumping to the right.

Pearl circle.

JRf. Mule biga walking to the right. Section empty. Pearl circle.

M. S. — Minted on one of the rare tetra- drachmas of Messana:

Hf. Lion's head skin from the front.

Letter M(ESSEW)ON. Calf's head to the left. Pearl circle.

Adranos on Aitnai and Morgantia. Cf. Salinas, Monete di Sicilia, plate II, 10, 15 and 16.

Agyrion at Syracuse. 2) JB. 30? Gr. 31.25. — ArYRINAI — ON. teenager Heracles' head to the right, covered with the lion's skin.

144 Dr. F. Imboof-Blnmer,

Rf. Front part of a bull standing to the right; about it PAAArK....?

M.S. — Cf. Salinas, a. a. 0. Plate XV, 1 and 2,

both less complete in the inscriptions.

Among these types are, on the one hand, a Pallas head on the left,

on the other hand, to see a star between two dolphins

well-known features of Syracuse. Other overprints of

Agyrion gives Salinas' a. a. 0. Plates XV, 9 and XVI, 5 and 7.

Katana on Selinus. A tetradrachm near Salinas a. a. 0. Plate XIX, 1.

Enteila on Rhegion, Naxos and Syracuse. 31 M. 14? Gr. 1.98. — KA — MPANQN . Helmet with neck and cheekpieces and visor, to the left. RF E/VTEAAAX. Free horse jumping to the right.

M.S. This inedited coin of the Campanians of Enteila, which I had the opportunity to purchase Eryx on Mount Eryx last year, is struck on a hemidrachm from Rhegion.

Hf. Lion's head skin from the front.

Rf. PH between two bay leaves.

Two similar pieces with the inscription ENTEAAAS is not apparent, G. Romano has in the Annali dell' Institute archeol. 1864 “Nacona ed i Campani in Sicilia”, p. 59, plate C, 3 and 4 published. One, No. 4, is on a hemidrachmon from Naxos, with the inscription ASZINOZ, minted; to the other types of katana (head of the Amenanos and qua- driga r.) which, however, presupposes a drachma put Hesse. Unfortunately, Romano doesn't provide any weights; but it is to assume that his No. 3 is a half drachma like No. 4, in which case the clearly below the overprinting to the pre- see coming r. blasting quadriga with floating above it bender Nike concludes that it is a hemidrachmon from Syracuse

Greek raids. 145

Hesse, with the female head on the left as an image of the main page, such as B. Mus. Hanter, plate LIII, 8. Herbessos in Syracuse.

4) JB. 28» size 19.25. — EPBHS in front of a female

head to the right, which has a wreath of leaves branches decorate. Rf. Front part of a bull with a bearded human Face straight, without legs.

M. S. - Berlin sheets for coin studies etc. V, 1870, p. 41, 1.

5) EVER. 28? Gr. 17.80. — Applicant from the identical stamp. Rf Eagle standing right with closed wings,

his head towards someone curling up behind him Snake turning back. M.S. Both coins are re-coins of the Syracusan bronze coins with the head of Zeus on one side facing left the inscription XEYX EAEY0EPIOX, and on the other one have a prancing horse on the left along with XYPAKOXIÜN (Head, Goinage of Syracuse, plate VII, 8).

Segesta in Syracuse. A tetradrachm from my collection, which I have in the Berlin leaves a. a. 0. p. 54, 1 published, and that later also by Salinas, “Sul tipo de' tetradrammi di Segesta* Florence 1871, p. 5, plate H, 1 has been mentioned.

Chersonese Taurike.

6) M. 19? Gr. 4.43. — Head of Artemis facing right, with

Laurel wreath, crenelated Stephanos and earrings; a quiver over his shoulder. RF XEP. MOIPIOX. Deer standing to the right.

M. S. — Pictured in Köbne's Mus6e Kotschoubey I, pp. 134, 10 (Gr. 4,36] and in Becker's “The Herakleo- tic peninsula« 1856 p. 88 Gr. 4.28: — 4.03 and 4).

|46 Dr - F - Imhoof-Blamer,

Other copies in the Brit. Museum (Gr. 3.62); in Mus.

Berlin (Gr. 4.05) and at coin dealers (Gr. 5.13; —

3.85 and 3.77). All of these pieces, which come from a 1S53 near Finds made in Sebastopol appear to be identical Stamps appear to have sprung from them, with the exception of one or two Specimens whose headstamp is barely noticeably different from the other differs. Most show clear traces of overprinting on other coins from Chersonesos, which, however, do not have any those published so far must be reconciled. So shows one of Becker's specimens has a juvenile head on the right (the profile and the hairy outlines of the upper rear part of the head) on one side, on the other, it seems, two legs of a quadruped (deer?) and the letters XEP. and ...ES..; on other pieces are the same head and traces of various magistrate names noticeable.

Overprinting and stamping do not occur at all often on coins from Chersonesos, Pantikapaion and Olbia in front.

Leukas on coins of Philip and Alexander.

7) EVER. 16? Gr. 4.25. — Bearded head of Achelous to the left;

behind the same AK Rf. Trident between a dolphin and /fe.

M. S. - Minted on a coin of Philip: Bf. Bearded head of Heracles to the right, with the lion's skin

covered. RF. IAIPPOY over a horse jumping to the right.

8) EVER. 19 ™ — Same as No. 7, with the Acheloscope to the right.

Athens Museum; Postolakka, island coins, No. 731, minted on a coin of Alexander, from which (AA)EZAN(APOY) can still be read.

9) ^.19? Gr. 4.50. — Bearded head of Acheloos to the right;

behind the same A-.

Greek raids. 147

»

RF. Chimera walking to the left.

M. S. - Minted on a coin of Philip: HJ. Hunting head with bandage, facing right. Rf <|MAirPOY. rider to the right; including a lance top.

Indeterminate coins with the monogram ERP on Macedonian royal coins.

According to a communication from Mr. J. P. Six in Numbers Chron.

1875, p. 24 is one

10) EVER. 16 1 ? — Zeus head to the right.

Rf. Adler standing on a thunderbolt to the right; in Fields WP

overprinted on one

EVER. 16? — Macedonian shield, the middle of which is apparently with one of Antigonus' monograms or Demetrios was occupied. RF BA — £1. Macedonian helmet. Usually the bronze coins were with the monogram CP allocated to the Paeonian king Patraos. The over- However, the minting of a coin that is almost a hundred years younger shows that that that determination was erroneous. These coins with Zeus head and eagles mostly come from Macedonia, where they therefore were probably coined.

Gortyna on Aegina, Argos and Knosos.

11) Ak. 22? Gr. 12.08. — Europe in the double chiton, with after

Arms stretched out on both sides sideways on the Bulls walking to the left sitting. Rf. Lion's head fur drawn from the front in one of four lines formed a square. The whole thing in one deepened square.

M.S. ; depicted in my »Choix de monnaies grecques.« Plate III, 66.

148 I>r*F-Imhoof-Blumer,

12) AL. 21 «? Gr. 12.25. — Same type on the right. Europe

leans on the back with both hands Taurus. RF rORTVNION under a lion head skin with paws, from the front. Recessed square.

Naples National Museum, No. 7639; pictured in Millingen's Sylloge Plate III, 34 and in 0. Jabn's “Ent- "Leadership of Europe" plate IV, b. Both pieces are based on didrachms by Aigina.

13) jR. 29™ size 11.49. — Europe to the right of the trunk

sitting on a plane tree. Rf Bull standing to the right with his head turned back. Pearl circle.

Turin Museum. — The previous types were: Hf Minos sitting to the left. RF Square labyrinth.

The Zeus-like figure of Knossian coins on Minos can be interpreted, proves a didrachm with the inscription MINfiZ, which is in a private collection in Gonstantinople located.

14) EL. 17/14? Gr. 2.86. — Female head to the right. Rf bull's head with neck to the right. — M.S.

The original shape was that of a hemidrach mons of Argos, with the wolf's front part to the left, on the one hand, and the capital A in the recessed square on the other. — Similar coins with the bull's head are also found on the Hemi- drachmas minted by Aigina, like Friedlaender a. a. 0. p. 343 reported ; but they are not as previously generally assumed became, Euboean, but Cretan; will be the proof of this I start another job.

Knosos on coins of Antiochus IX. From p. 339/40 of the “Magazine for Numismatics” IV believed to be imprinted by Knosos on Syrian tetradrachms

Greek traditions. 149

The Vienna Cabinet has a copy (size 15.92), where before the Pallas Nikephoros standing to the left <|>IA(OTTATO- POS) zn read is the nickname of the ninth Antiochus. Bhodos on Histiaia.

15) jR. 15? Gr. 2.45. — Helios head from the front, without rays. Rf. P—O (STA)Slfin. Kose with bud; in the field

symbol.

M. S. — Overmarked on one of the well-known coins zen of Histiaia, of whose reverse side picture is still ISTI and the on the ship r. seated Histiaia can be clearly seen.

Kragos on Smyrna.

16) JB. 20™ size 4.70. — Laurel-wreathed head of Zeus to the right. Rf. K — P and Lyra in a recessed square.

M.S. ; depicted in my »Choix de monnaies grecques« plate IV, 149, and on the following coin embossed: Hf. TIBCPIOC C6BACTOC. Head of Tiberius to the right. Rf. ICPfiNYMOC ZMYPNAIÜN . Wreathed altar. Cf. Mionnet in, 220, 1226. Phoenician coins.

17) M. 31? Gr. 28. — In front of the ramparts of a city

galley to the right ; under this right, four Phtinician Letters hh29 ?• I m sections two apart- jumping lions. Rf. The Great King with a spiked crown and his charioteer in a quadriga to the left; deepened underneath buck 'antilope?' jumping to the left, his head closed turning back. Around the whole thing a circle of pearls in round the deepening.

M.S. — Cf. similar anepigraphic coins Mionnet, Suppl. VIII, plate XIX, 4; Trisor de num. et de glypt. LXVI, 3; Bevue numismatique 1855, plate. IH, 3.

Journal of Numismatics. V. 11

150 dr. F. Imhoof-Blumer, Greek overprints.

This coin appears to have been minted on an example of the following to be:

JEL. 28? Gr. 27.10. — four-sail galley; represent- under waves. Pearl circle.

Example: Same type on the left in a recessed square, within it along the upper edge and deep, the head of an antelope? with neck.

M.S. ; depicted in my »Choix de monnaies grecques« plate VII, 229 ; a second copy (size 27.40) in Brit. Museum.

From imprints with small stamps, and from various The autonomous coins have the deepest stampings also many examples, especially those from Asia Minor and Syria schen. During a cursory look through my collection I found those on coins from Syracuse, from the Taurian Chersonese, Pantikapaion, Olbia, Thebai, Aigina, Sinope (like Cat. Allier de Hauteroche Plate X, 16], Heraclea in Bithynia, the king Prusias, of Assos, Parion, Priapus (like Cat AI Her plate XII, 24), Alexandria-Troas, Antissa, Klazomenai, Erythrai, Bhodos, As- pendos, Side (cf. Pinder's Cistophores p. 552, note 1), Selge, Nagidos, Cilicia, the Satraps and the Seleucids, from fihosos etc.

With the labyrinth there is a mile-high silver coin has been stamped:

18) JEL. 25? Gr. 10.50. — Apollo's head to the left.

Bf. Lion standing on the left, the head pointing to a star turning back; in the left field /K and Pf ; under the Lions AflPOOEOE. Uffizi Gallery in Florence.

Winterthur, April 1877.

Dr. F. Imhoof-Blumer.

Investigations into ancient Hebrew coins.

III.

about the age of the Shekel.

The ancient Hebrew silver coins disintegrate according to their shape, as already mentioned at the beginning of these studies! ), into two groups that can be easily distinguished: the older one the shekel and half shekel 2 j , the younger of the so-called Auf- stationary coins 3). This contains how the weighings correspond Proof of mood with the inscriptions on the coins, only whole ones and half shekels from 13.05 - 14.30 gr. respectively 6.05 - 7.13 gr., These, on the other hand, are only large pieces weighing 1 3.38 - 13.89 grams. and their quarters from 2.61 - 3.70 gr. 4).

The different division of the nominals in both groups pen is characteristic of the time to which they belong. The Coins of the younger group are like those in one part These coins undoubtedly constituted examples of super- Mints on Roman denarii or drachmas and tetradrachnoids men prove nothing other than similar tetradrachms and

1) In the magazine Volume III, pp. 187 and 188.

2) Ibid. p. 189 ff. No. 1-7 dej directory.

3) Ibid., Volume IV, p. 350ff. No. 88, 88M", 95-101, 111, 112, 114-124.

4) The ones in the following table with ? designated weight information Not taken into account in the above, be it because the Wägangon is defective or The sticks placed at Grande appear to be of dubious authenticity.

11*

152 Dr. Engen Merzbacher,

Drachmas or denarii, as they were at the time of Roman rule had courses in Palestine. The smallest coin unit of this Currency in silver is - as far as is known terial can close - undisputedly one of the Roman denarius equal later drachma.

The situation is different with the coins of the older group. The smallest coin unit known to us in silver is the half shekel of 7.13 gr. Maximum weight. Smaller Jewish ones Pieces of silver of the same age, about quarter shekels, are not inferior assign. Since the silver coins of both groups are now see a small difference in the maximum weights - true apparently following one and the same weight system, one could corresponding to the above for the silver coins of the younger group Results obtained the shekel as tetradrachms, the half as didrachms or double denarii. But that's just partly true.

.After a later tariffication, the Sekel became However, four, the half two drachmas or denarii equated *) ; But in earlier times, when people were still in Palestine who didn't know any denarii, was responsible for naming the coins older group, it seems, except for that indicated by their inscriptions offered locals, a value that deviates from the above equation is decisive.

Various signs lead to this. Using the LXX as Madden (Num. chron. 1876 p. 89) points out, in the review Placement of the word bplD without a noticeable difference now make the word diögox^ov now oUlog, and put speaking for bptDH tramo dqaxiirj. Philo calculates the same way (I. 535) to Gen. 24, 22 half a shekel to a drachma,

1) Josephus (A. J. III. 8. 2) 6 afxlog vo/tiia/xa 'EßgaTov «Sv 'Amxäs J^trat ÖQaxjuas riaaaQag. Compare the information from the Talmudists, according to which the biblical, holy shekel is also equated to a sela (4 denarii). Zuck man, About talm. Weights and coins pp. 9 and 24.

Studies on ancient Hebrew coins. 153

while he contradicts it in another place (II. 276). Shekel to four drachmas *) .

If you now go to the origin of the Jewish Shekel- back, the difficulties faced by the explainers disappear this contradictory information arises. Through the luck recent metrological investigations (most recently by Brandis, coins, Meuse and weights before Alex. d. Big ones p. 102 ff.) it has been proven that in Syria and Palestine the Phoenician-Asia Minor or Fttnfifteenstate foot had been in use since ancient times. The silver piece of this one Barrel of 14.50 was normal weight, as Brandis was probably with Correctly assumed (a. a. 0. p. 112), in the older times as a stater, half is called a drachma. In addition, the domestic interesting phenomenon that in the cities of Asia Minor, which coined according to the fifteen-state foot, first “next to that Whole piece most half, yes in the oldest times this more often than that, but the quarter is no more prominent than the remaining change.« (Brandis a. a. 0. p. 113.)

Let us now note that the older Jewish silver coins, which are indisputably based on the old local fifteen- are beaten staterfoot, only whole and half pieces of this Find a system that, in terms of weight, is the same as that just mentioned Stater and his half are almost exactly the same, that's how we are entitled to claim that the Sekel and half shekel as Tyrian staters or didrachms and old, heavy drachmas can be considered. This relationship probably had the LXX like Philo in mind when she did it biblical Shekel and its half as didrachms and dragons men, while the later tariffication of the shekel increased

1) See Herzfeld, Metrol. Preliminary investigations in the year f.d. business d. Jew. Vol. III (1863) p. 104, Poole, Num. chron. 1867 p. 199 and Maddcn ibid 1876 P. 90 A. 13.

154 D** Eugen Merzbacher,

four Attic drachmas or denarii the contradictory Information served as the basis *) .

The weight and classification of Jewish silver coins So they confirm what the external form already suggests Hess. Those silver coins which we commonly call shekels, belong to an older era than the rebellion coins The coinage occurred at a time when the Jews were already using Roman denarii knew and used in daily traffic.

After this general consideration of the weight of the Jewish silver coins and their ratio come together Let us now turn to the special investigation into the age of the Jewish schen shekel.

The value and place of minting of these coins are, as can be seen from the previous The directories discussed (No. 1 - 7) are illuminated by their layout. fonts: ta"W bpTD or bplDfi ^sn "Shekel of Israel" or "half Sekel« on the front, and STOnp rtarrv or rnmpn DTOirv» “Holy Jerusalem” is clearly defined on the other side. Not so at the time of its development. Because even though the characters 8, 31D, MD, TO and TW 2 j cannot be anything other than annual stated, one can only conclude that the Shekel in five probably consecutive years were shaped by an era. What time calculation this could not be determined by the coins alone answer.

In order to approach this question in more detail, one must therefore proceed Look for other criteria > those for determining time the Sekel can be decisive, and only when it is successful

1) The information given by the Talmudists, the Shekel of four and If you accept two denarii, you have to explain them, but you have to explain the unclear ones rabbinic information of later medieval origin from the real-world Separate vision of resting older Talmudic. See Brandts a. a. 0. p. 114 ff.

2) A shekel from the year 6 was recently published (num. chron. 1876 p. 322). It is owned by the Rev. S. S. Lewis, fellow of Corpus Christi College Cambridge and is probably a unicum from the Jericho find.

Studies on ancient Hebrew coins. |55

will be, according to these the age of the Shekel with approximation To determine security, an attempt can be made to determine the chronology according to which they are dated.

Types and inscriptions on the Sekel prove that they are from Jews were minted in Jerusalem at a time when the same see a certain degree of independence, yes probably one enjoyed the independence that came along. Lily and chalice are national Jewish symbols, some of which, as already noted, still appear in Jewish ornamentation today. More Even as the guys speak the inscriptions “Sekel Israelis” and "Holy Jerusalem" for a time in which the... Jews could boast of their independence. Levy (Jtid. Coin. 8. 41) is not wrongly reminiscent of analogous names the coins of cities neighboring Jerusalem. Finally, if you consider lich, that any reference to any foreign power, under whose authority this Jewish coinage was carried out would be, what is missing here is that the year information simply has its own, presuppose a Jewish era, then the claim is made that that the Sekel were only coined by autonomous Jews, don't seem too daring.

The style and factory of the Sekel are different compared to the others. Jewish coins known to us are quite ancient, and There is no doubt among numismatists that the Sekel are among the oldest Jewish coins. The oldest After the shekels, Jewish coins are indisputably the copper ones. Coins of the high priest John Hyrcanus I, who died in 135 BC. BC came to the government. So it's almost a time limit is given for determining the shekels.

The antiquity of the Sekel is by no means so great, that one would be justified in considering them too far from the times mentioned, oldest, Maccabean coins ']. This

1) The opposing views of »Saulcy's (Rev. num. 1H64 p. 370 IT.) v i are illustrated by Poole's remarks, Dict. of the picture, s.v. Money (cf.

156 Dr. Eugen Merzbacher,

can be confirmed if you look at the oldest coins we know of. zen that are in the neighborhood, especially in Syria and Phoenicia were coined, is used for comparison. These coins r j - assuming their correct allocation - come from a few gen exceptions from the period of decline of the Achaemenid dominion. You are like me before (in this magazine Vol. III, p. 143] mentioned, apart from a few difficult ones explanatory signs, almost without writing. Furthermore, with them, as with everyone in these areas (and especially in the neighboring barten Asia Minor} before the IVth century BC. Beaten Coins can still see the minting in the recessed field 2. Their shape is often irregular and is due to old age Accordingly, the plantain appears spherical in some people to have been. The Sekels have none of that little to notice. They have distinct, well-formed inscriptions, do not show the slightest remnants of a pre- in a recessed field or on an irregular, spherical shaped plantain, on the contrary, they are products of a specific advanced technology of coinage, which understood it well, to attach the coin image to the planchet in such a way that a certain white regularity arose.

However, it cannot be denied that even with some gen of the coins mentioned use a similar technique to that of can be recognized by the shekels, which are particularly visible on the ribbon of the coins. zen becomes noticeable. But on the one hand, those coins are theirs Time after cannot be determined with certainty, so that one down to almost the time of Alexander the Great - can go, on the other hand it is with a type of money that is like that

Xum. chron. 1874 p. 288 ff.) has been sufficiently refuted. Cf. C&redoni, Nuori ttudi p. 4 ff. ; Le prin. quest. p. 4 ff.

1) Brandis a. a. 0. p. 373 ff. and those there and in the corresponding MQnrrer- writings cited in the drawings.

2) Waddington. Ilev. nuro. 1856 p. 61; Brandis a. a. 0. p. 306.

Studies on ancient Hebrew coins. 157

Sekel mainly and initially minted for temple use been in leg seems 1 ), nothing unusual if they have a preserved greater antiquity 2 ] .

Would this antiquity make you feel like the Sekel? lead to the assumption that the Shekel was already at the time of afford Aehaemenids, where the above-mentioned, deepened impression was in the process of seeing, were coined, it would also have to* same and above all the proof that cannot be provided is provided. be prepared to introduce the political situation of the Jews Silier autonomous coinage was suitable.

Waddington has shown (Rev. num. 1856 p. 49) that The coinage law in the Persian Empire was by no means so limited was, as one is usually inclined to assume; rather, should a lot of small towns, by virtue of their municipal rights, are zen have shaped, be it that they have independent administration and then stamped their coins with the name of someone responsible borrowed magistrates oversaw, or that they (like Magnesia) under the rule of individuals and then the name of that man (in Magnesia: Themistocles) placed on the coins; But if you look at the coinage of the Jewish Sekel by analogy If you wanted to move it to this time, you would have to make this allocation can also be supported by other important reasons, since the analogy of coinage conditions in Asia Minor is for such a thing Conjecture does not seem sufficient. These reasons are missing; yes, the history of the Jews of that time allows us - as far as we can be concluded from the meager sources - the same in one appear to be in a fairly powerless situation, which is the possibility

1) Caritas assumption (in this magazine Vol. II, p. 270) that the Jews Only holy money should have been used in the temple tax, but this must be considered too are largely rejected because the use of other people's money is mdtech sources can be verified.

^ See Queipo, Syst. me"tr. I, p. 549, on it Lenormant. Rev. num. 1876 & proves.

158 Dr. Bow Merzbacher,

the ability of even a semi-autonomous coinage concludes l).

The Jews formed throughout the epoch of the return from the Babylonian exile to the beginning of the Maccabees Not only does not fight independently, but as it seems, not even a completely self-contained community beings. Only news about the miserable situation of the small people gathered around the sanctuary that was newly founded in Cyrus' time community, only complaints about the oppression of the governors and hostile Friendly neighbors are ours from this. handed down to time. Nowhere a trace of one's own, automatic power can be recognized, and when Josephus of Alexander the Great's contemporaries, the high priest Jaddua, reported (A. J. XI. 8. 5): zov d y OiQXUqiwg ahrjoafiivev XQrjod-ai %olg natQqtoig v6/iotg xal %o i'ßdofiov Jhog aveiöipoqov elvca, ovv£X(OQt](J€. (sc. J^Xd^avdQog) ndvra, this only provides further evidence of the unselfish permanent situation of the Jews who need the protection of the mighty Lord* her father's father's customs and religion. interferes with being able to live.

In addition, according to the biblical reports, Jews, as long as they were under Persian suzerainty, Persian imperial coin 2). So it's downright un- It is understandable, as in recent times de Saulcy (Etude chronologique des livres d'Esdras et de Newmie, Paris 1868 p. 42 ff., Rev. areh. 1872 p. 2) and after him Madden and others (Num. chron. 1874 p. 283 ff.) could come to the assumption that the Sekel were already coined in the times of Ezra and Nehemiah. The Bible passage cited as proof (Ezra VEL 18) even teaches Nothing. It also belongs to a document whose historical

1) See Herzfeld, History of the People of Israel I, p. 191. Grätz, History the Jaden Volume II. second half p. 206 ff.

2) Levy, Jew. Coin. P. 17ff., Herzfeld, Metr. Preliminary investigation. p. 128 ff.

Studies on ancient Hebrew coins. 159

Heber Werth is more than doubtful. (Grätz, History of Jaden Volume II, 2nd half p. 128 note 3.)

De Saulcy, who saw with true numismatic feeling, that the shekels possibly fit into the time that one is after usual chronology assigns to Ezra (around 458 BC), took at least, that the same only anter Artaxerxes II. Mnemon (on 398/7 BC). Madden rejects this chrom- nological artifice (num. chron. 1876 p. HO note 55) and stays with the old chronology, but takes, as from his Remarks (ibid. p. 120 ff.) and his table (ibid P. 130) it can be seen that Ezra (around 458} only the shekel Tom Year I (No. 1 and 2 in my directory) beaten have ; The rest of the shekels, however, only came from Nehemiah in the years Ton 445/4 were minted.

You can already see from these angles how uncertain it is and hypothetically is the allocation of the Shekel to this period.

The period of Persian rule, during which there is evidence did not favor any change in the conditions of the Jews an autonomous position occurred, can, according to the above, for the Sekel are not considered. So only that would remain Time after the fall of Persian rule, in which ours Mtnzen could have been struck.

We now arrive at it by examining the reflected continue to speak about the distribution of shekels, first to de Saulc/s earlier hypothesis (Rech. num. Jud. p. 17 ff.), according to which the shekels immediately after the under- the end of Persian rule on the basis of a car was coined by Alexander the Great after the award of the nomination be. However, you cannot join it for the following reasons.

The alleged granting of autonomy is not reported anywhere. The evidence points; which are cited for this prove themselves upon closer inspection, it appears to be fabulously spun. We er- The sources only say that Alexander the Great was the religious

160 Dr. Engen Merzbacher,

wonderful freedom, which the Jadens had already seen before the Aehaeme not pleased, I have certified to them l ) . Josephn's silence about the political one supposedly granted by Alexander to the Jadens Freedom is here - otherwise it is not allowed ex silentio close - of importance that should not be underestimated. And Not because we know that this writer is Defending his compatriots against Apion and other Jews enemies with great zeal and attracted everything that came along could only somehow be cited in favor of the Jews. But he only speaks of a courteous accommodation

Alexanders (hifxa tyuv to e&vog) , and relies on that

only points that seem like political favoritism for the Jews looks like someone who is said to be equal to Alexander the Great- early writer who was with Becht as suspicious and later Belonging to the time applies 2).

The Jews therefore had political independence Alexander's time did not; But this was always the case (cf. Eckhel D.N. I. S. LXX) and especially since Alexander (Müller, Num. d'Alex. le Grand p. 68 ff., Brandis, Münzw. p. 252) Prerequisite for Exercising the right to coin money.

Another reason against the allocation of the Shekel in The time before the reign of the Maccabees makes up their history coin base.

Judaea is in all its political and commercial aspects drawings in antiquity only as part of Syria and Phoenicia

1) Ewald, God. gel. no. 1855 p. 641 ff., Herzfeld, Gescb. Vol. II, p. 119 and 404, Vogelstein in Franker's monthly magazine f. Gesch. n. scientific d. Judaism 1866 p. 123, Ewald, Gesch. d. People of Israel IV 3 p. 274 ff. and 64 note; Gesen'us (Ersch and Gruber's Encyclop. Sect. I. Vol. III, p. 25), Derenbourg, Essai sur l'hlst. et la geogr. de la Palace. p. 4t ff.

2) Josh. against Ap. II, 4, also Herzfeld, Gesch. II, pp. 120 and 149. Müller, Fragmentary hist. Graec. II, p. 385 and the writings cited there. The information of Pseudohecataea is, if not entirely fictional, perhaps due to a superficial Carrying a similar case under Demetrius I to Alexander the Great stood (Madden, Jew. coin. p. 22 note 6).

Studies on ancient Hebrew coins. 161

kien to look at *) . It is therefore important for us to investigate how autonomous coinage is developing in Asia (especially those after the Tyrian foothills in Syria and Phoe- nikien) developed.

We find that the Tyrian or Phoenician-Asian Minor Five-kehnstater foot, to which the shekels match The judgment of the metrologists follows 2 ), even in the most ancient times from weight foot in the ingot traffic of Phoenicia and Asia Minor was in effect. Later he was indeed taken over by the Babylonian so-called ten state foot, which is the Persian imperial foot Currency was fundamental, often repressed; but in some areas and mainly in Syria and Phoenicia He maintained it so stubbornly that even the Persians were forced were, special provincial money according to this foot for them to beat provinces. Provide evidence for this claim »the well-known coins that are often found near Damascus kus and are found in Mesopotamia, and those on the one hand Page the king and charioteer on one with 4-6 horses horse-drawn wagon, on the other either a galley in front of Thtir- men and wall or just represent the galley above which usually the year of reign of the king in question is noted finds. « 9).

But at the same time that Alexander the Great was Hemelike expanded across Asia, the Phoenician-Small Coin base wherever it had existed, either in the

1) Data that this view was also prevalent elsewhere proves that of los. f. Ap. I, 22 quoted passage from Uerodotus II, 104 On the custom of circumcision. See Danker, Gesch. d. Antiquity I 3, p. 278.

2) A. Boeckh, Metrologist. Unders. p. 65 ff. ; Qaeipo, Syst. metre. I, p. 94 ff. ; Th. Mommsen, Gesch. d. Rome. coin w. p. 35 ff. ; Ilultsch, smell, and Roman Metrol. p. 273; metrolog. Script, relics, prol. in script, Greek. metre. p. 117; sugar MM, Ueb. talm. Weight and coin. P. 15. Herzfeld, Metrol. Forward ters. ibid p. 114. Brandts, MQnzw. p. 104.

3) Brandts a. a. 0. P. 105 and 117 ff. See P. Cl. Sibilian, news about Monz finds in Persia, in Vienna. Numerical Journal Vol. II, p. 333.

162 Dr. Eugen Merzbacher,

Been a marriage of salvation or at least with the slightly higher Rhodian one to have been swapped. Alexander also led in Asia the Attic Mttnzfhss that was in force in Macedonia at the time one, and at the same time restricted what was before his time quite a bit The freedom of the smaller states and cities to exercise their right to coin coins of the Persian Empire. »Only those cities and areas whose autonomy was guaranteed, such as in particular Hellenic cities of Asia Minor, retained the right to have their own con- rant to coins (cf. Müller, Num. d'Alex. le Grand p. 68 ff). The obligation was imposed on all others according to the legal one Weight foot and with the royal stamp your money hit. a (Brandisa. a. 0. p. 254.)

For a better explanation of this claim, here is provides, on the whole, an accurate representation of Brandis (a.a. 0. p. 267) on the continuation of the autonomous pre- in Asia after 331 BC. to be excerpted.

“With the conquest of Alexander the Great,” says Brandis. »didn't hear of autonomous coinage in Asia Minor everywhere, rather a number of Hellenic cities now received first unlimited coinage rights, which not only allowed them to the local silver and copper coinage can continue undisturbed, otherwise but also to strike gold, from which they also occasionally have made use. This is especially true of the Ionic ones and aeolian colonies of the west and northwest coast." Brandis now gives the examples that show that the coinage here with minor exceptions, which are probably only for the time of Diadoches are always valid according to a local coin standard was practiced, and then continues to write (p. 269):

"Although it is now likely that most of the Lenian cities on the Asia Minor peninsula their Mtnzrecht under the reign of Alexander the Great, who overcame them In general, many freedoms were granted, kept and only after after his death, in some cases only long after

Studies on ancient Hebrew coins. 153

especially everything in western Asia Minor named Ale- The imperial money minted by Xander probably only came into existence in recent times heard, this certainly does not apply to all of Asia Minor and not even from all the mints on the south and north West Coast *) . On the contrary, multiple traces appear prove that the autonomous character in some places right with the fall of the Persian Empire stopped. This is what the last Carian royal coins bear Names of Othontopate; under Ada, who after his sales The administration of Caria was handed over by Alexander, No more money was minted there. Same appearance repeats itself, it seems, in Salamis on the island of Cyprus, in that the last Salaminian royal coins were those of the Pnytha are goras, who submitted to the Macedonian conqueror, while from Nikokreon, who was there after him but still under Alexander ruled, no coins appear. Probably There is no autonomous money on the entire island under Alexander more minted 2 years. Only later will you find yourself there again individual coins of this kind, such as the large silver piece of Cicocles, of the king of Paphos, and the small gold coin of Menelaus, of the governor Ptolemy I. The same is said of the Lycian and several other cities in Asia Minor, however et of course it is impossible to prove in individual cases whether the production of a type of coin in the period before or under Ale- xander the Great can be placed. What is certain, however, is that after his death very soon the autonomous coinage except in

i) This is what Müller a. a. 0. p. 07 f.

2) Cf. Blue in d. Vienna. Num. Magazine Rd. V, p. 1 ff., which also has no Kjrprlfchen knows coins from the time of Alexander the Great. Above representation The history of Cypriot coins is based on the cited treatise and that of Sület (in this magazine Vol. II, p. 130 ff.) in some, not insignificant to correct points. It is particularly noteworthy. that you now too safe coins from Nikokreon. (Number chron. 1869 p. 19; this magazine •. a. O. Plate V, Nos. 6 and 7.)

164 Dr. Engen Merzbacher,

The above-mentioned cities everywhere died out and erated much later and began again according to Attic authority."

»The freedom of coinage, that of the Macedonian conqueror was granted to many communities in Asia Minor, although probably only after his death, even individual ones Phoenician cities. That Tyre, Sidon and Arados anter Seleucids are known to have struck their own courant; The Aradian era begins in the year 259, which can be proven The oldest tetradraehmon that belongs there is from the year 163 v. (= 96 of the era) *), small coins with Phoenician numbers There are signs as early as 239 BC. BC (= 20th era) 2) the oldest Tyrian tetradraehmon dates from the year 122 v. BC (= 4 of the Tyrian era), the oldest Sidonian from years 106 BC BC (= 5 of the Sidonian era) 3). Alone there is other Phoenician silver coins that are considerably older and at the same time younger than the Courant minted under the Achaemenids.

From the examples given here (p. 270), It appears that these silver coins (from Arados and another whose unnamed Phoenician city) according to Attic footing were coined. The same are according to Brandis' assumption to place in the time of the first Seleucids and to follow them According to the time, Arados was first located there between 313 and 258 B.C. Alexander coins minted in the 4th century BC, then the already mentioned small coins with Phoenician numerals.

The autonomous coinage in Syria, Phoenicia and the neighboring areas of Eleinasia, therefore, under Ale-

1) See Mommsen, R. M. S. 35 note 107.

2) Mionnet, Descr/V, 458 No. 806 ff.

3) There is not enough grand available, according to Reichardt, Vienna. Num. Journal 1869 I, p. 381 ff. the old calculation of the Sidonian era with the to be swapped as suggested by him (from 247 BC); with that I want However, do not claim that the old time determination is valid, at least The suggested question requires more detailed investigation.

4) See Müller a. a. 0. p. 294.

Studies on ancient Hebrew coins. fß5

Zander the big one probably stopped and only came in later at the beginning of Seleucid rule again m&hHg in progress. The period for this interruption allows However, I don't see the demarcation in a very specific way; but This much is undoubted that the lyrical Mttnz foot is Time of Alexander and his immediate successors in Syria and Phoenicia was not in use because there were no coins there Types that would have been minted here during this time are, while at the same time in cities in Asia Minor, in which the fifteen state foot was previously in effect; the Rhodian Mttnzfbss gained increasing influence on the coinage *) .

You will. if the depiction of the Syrians given here It is unlikely that the situation in the Phoenician and Phoenician coinage conditions applies. apparently think that the Jews - assuming they already had can mint coins in this era - only the one at the moment would have retained or even introduced the outdated Mttnz foot 2).

The Sekel can also be from the time of Alexander the Great

1) Brandt's coinage p. 125 ff.

2) Only to this extent can the weight of the shekel be used to support the Use reasons that contradict de Saulcy's former view. It almost see but do not claim that the Jews in Alexander's time did not look at all Tyrisehem coin base should have been minted because Alexander used the Attic base introduced throughout his entire empire and not a different coinage standard in one dependent or semi-autonomous state would have tolerated. (Cavedoni, Bibl. Num. II, 8.8; Leyy, Jew. Coin. p. 114; Madden, Jew. coin. p. VIII, note 1; Num. honor. 1866, 8. 198; Reichardt in Egge™ Vienna. Num. Monthly 1866, p. 139; Poole near Madden, num. chron. 1865, p. 197 and number chron. 1874 p. 289). On the contrary, the Jews would have the opposite if what Mommsen (R. M. 8. 691) is correct. claims that their autonomous coins are not allowed to be minted according to Attic standards. Mommsen says: “The Attic currency, or rather the Alexander currency Currency is used in the lands that were once united under the scepter of the great king. Companies have always been viewed as the royal currency, as the prerogative of the supreme Mr. All royal coins except the Egyptian follow the same; the Most coins of dependent free cities of a different one, including the strange one formally royal, materially urban character (Müller, Numism. d'Alex. le Gr. p. 905) with the names and stamps of Philip and Alexander, which after whose deaths have continued for centuries in various places, indicates such a relationship.”

Tent font for numismatics. V. 12

Igg Dr. Eugen Merzbacher.

not be assigned; rather, we must assume that the same were only coined in a later era than the Tyrian coinage was back in force and the state one was used position of the Jews had developed to full autonomy.

At the time of Alexander's next successors were the Jews, like those under this king, were subject to tributary, i.e. not auto- nom. Josephus and the Books of Maccabees speak of this. corresponding testimony, which - so sparsely their news about The rest of the circumstances of the Jews at that time are just report in detail about taxes. The Jews were under the Ptolemies v j as well as under the Seleucids 2 ) taxes of all kinds, which were only temporarily paid by some princes now the whole people, now a part of it were left.

It was only under Demetrius II that the Jews gained complete freedom permanent tax freedom and thus also autonomy, as in I. Book of Maccabees based on the story of the captivity capture and murder of the high priest Jonathan the usurper Tryphon (XIII, 35 ff.) is communicated: y.ai d/ri- oreilev av%<$ (i.e. Simon the Maccabee) ^frj^iJTQiog 6 ßaot- kevg Tiara %ovg Xoyovg tovtovq xal ä7t£X(>id7j avry xcu ayQaif'ev aiup ETTiozoXrjv TOiavrtjv.

BaaiXevg Jr^ii\%qiog 2ifi(avi, ccQxieQet xcu U(iev de ayvor^iata xai %d apccQTrjfitaTa &og % rjg orjue-

1) Josh. A. J. XII, 4, 1 - 10, daily K. B. Stark, Gaza and the Philistine Coastline S. 412ft\; Herzfeld, Gesch.. d. People. Israel II, p. 177 ff. 182, 210 ff.

2) Josh. A. J. XII, 3, 3 end; XIII, 2, 3; 4, 9; I. Macc. XI, 3; Sulp. Sev. II, 17, 5; 25, 3 cf. Stark a. a. 0. p. 465 ff. ; Herzfeld a. a. 0. p. 197 ff., 201.

Studies on ancient Hebrew coins. 167

qop jjftifag, xai %6v avov ov axpeilezs xai ei ti akko he- XtavtiTO «V t IsQOvoakrjfi, [irjxfat, tekwveio&w. xai et tivsq lni%r r dtioi Vjiwv yQaq>rjvai elg rovg neqi fjpäg, lyyQcupio&woav , xai yt*£o%h* ava/dioov fyitov sIqtJvtj.

This decree was made according to the tradition of I Maccabees book in the year 170 of the Seleucid era (= 143/2 BC) or kurx previously issued l ) , as from the following To conclude in words:

*E%ovg eßdofirjxooTov xai kxatoatov i]Q&*} 6 £vybg %üv i&- vwv and %ov *Io(>ar]k xai rj()!;ato 6 kabg 'loQaijk yQacpeiv iv Talg ovyyQaqwig xai ovvakkdy/taoiv "Etovg ttqwtov ini 2ift(ovog dg- %UQ£wg fisyakov xai axqaxrjyov xai fjyovfitivov *IovdaUav.

From this year onwards, when the indication of the Book of Maccabees does not deceive 2 ), the autonomy of the Jews.

Shortly thereafter — about three or four years later, confirmed according to the same source (XV, 5 and 6) Antiochus VII rights given to the Jews by his brother and admitted that like Simon the Maccabee the right to use his own coins •to beat a country, with the characteristic epithet that« Jerusalem and the sanctuary should be free:

Nvv ovv iovrjfii oot, ndvxa rä dq>aiqe^ia%a & dfprjxav aoi oi ftQO tfiov ßaoikelg, xai oaa äkka do/naza dq>rjxdv ooi. xai. bxi- %Q*\fjd 3 ) aoi notrjaat, xdfi^ia idiov, vofXLOfxa zrj %iiqa oov, c IeQOv- oal^fi de xai iä Syta elvai ikev&SQa x. t. k.