Zeitschrift für Numismatik, vol. 4 — 1877

On the numismatics of the kings of Pontus and Bosphorus. L. The significant acquisitions of the Berlin Museum and the special employment with the coins the Bosporan give me the opportunity to make some comments and suggestions Change of the previously valid chronology of this coin class to do. Köhne !), following Raoul-Rochette, the coin series Bosporan kings with Leuco I, 393-353 BC. begin and attributes the following pieces to him: 1) Juvenile head of Heracles to the right. Rf. BAZIA--- AEYKQNOZS (this is the inscription; on the St. Petersburg electric type a square E) Bow and club. E.6. 2) Similar, but the club is on top. BAZINE-- NEYKRN-- Köhler 2) marked this coin as a copy according to the usual The original bronze coins of Alexander the Great, not that of Leuco I, who died before Alexander, but a later king of this one name too. Although Köhne rightly notes that: the Types: youthful head of Heracles and bow and club not only found with Alexander the Great, but already with earlier Macedonian kings begin, but with those 1) Musee Kotchoubey II, 12. 2) Serapis I, 121. Journal of Numismatics. IV. 16

230 A.v. ballet, areas the acceptance so early copper coins on and worrying in itself, But above all, the style shows the coins of Leuco to a much later time. The Macedonian copper have coins until Alexander, who was equally full of character as clean, somewhat strict style of that time; which are much larger However, other coins of the Leueo show a flat, rough copy- style, which takes them far behind the time of Alexander. your types, which are similar on other Greek coins, e.g. in Ery- thrae, occur, perhaps borrowed from those of Alexander but according to all numismatic criteria they are determined not once Alexander at the same time, and we will them with Köhler must be assigned to a later Leuco. Certainly that- In my opinion, the smaller ones belong to the same kings Coins with Leuco's name, which Köhne under Leuco II, According to him, around 240 BC. and Leuco IIl., around 200 BC. Ch. distributed: 1) Pallas's head to the right. RS. AZINE-- -EYKQNO- Lightning. FE. 315. 2) Oval shield. RF. *AZINE-- AEYKQ-- Quiver. . 31)2. All these coins with the name of a King Leuco show the same poor, flat style, the same form of book staves, and we have to in such cases, rather after association folding, as after always very doubtful distribution of several newer rulers and therefore strive to increase the number of coins; where we don't know anything specific, the style and cha- help out the coin collector; So I think all three Varieties: the larger ones with the head of Heracles and a bow with a club, as well as the smaller ones with Pallas's head and lightning bolt, and with a shield and quiver from a single late Leuco, the may have lived quite a long time after Alexander the Great, belong. An equal degradation have to the two following

| On the numismatics of the kings of Pontus and Bosphorus. 231 Find out about coins from the royal series, those of Spartocus and the Paerisades. The Unieum, the silver coin, which I have in the electrotype of Spartoeus, Köhne gives »Spartocus the fourth, 304289 v.Ch.”?). Hf. Bearded head of the king with diadem to the right. Bf. BAZINERDZE -TTAPTOKOY bow in case. Monogram. AR. 6. Here too, Kochler (?) seems to me to have hit the right spot have. Even if they were royal images at the time in which that one "Spartoeus IV" reigned, appear on Diadochi coins We don't have the right to use the bad, flat coin with that round € to bet at such an early time; she must, like style and inscription prove, later, coined long after Alexander be. Whether, like Koehler means, after the Leuco coins with I don't want to say Heracles' head. Even for the rare staters of the Paerisades it is impossible Lich the time of the Diadochi, in which Paerisades II reigned. from 289 B.C. Ch. on, apply. Eekhel gave the coins to Paeri- sades I., without having given an original. Viseonti’s ideas are now no longer valid for coin regulations; Style and Characteristics of writing force us to accept these coins, which are the raw Lysi, probably coined after Deal's death in Byzantium connect machus staters, to assign to a later time, if also no compelling reason exists is, she, like Koehler means 3), the one Paerisades to allocate, whose Strabo as the Maugıoddov ro Mı9oıdarn (the —.. 7000- dovrog zıV aoyyv remembers!). It is with the constant repetition of the names Leueo, Spar- tocus, Paerisades heavy, the coins discussed above any 1) Mus. Koteh. II, 30. 2) Serapis I, 45 ff. 3) Serapis I, 59. 4) Strab. C.310. 16*

232 A.v. Sallet, how to allocate safely; only that seems to me. certainly that none the same even remotely close to the time of Alexander the Great reaches. The attempt to trace the series of Bosporan kings of austerity tokiden dynasty around a new, unknown King B multiply!), failed; it is the well-known one from Köhne?) described coin of Eubiotus, as I have already done earlier View of the coin itself said: The palm branch with Band was mistakenly considered a snake in the Catalog Lemme been. I now come to one of the most beautiful and strange... most coins of the Pontic Empire, which, until now, were completely un- known, from Mr. Lambros's Berlin Museum in Athens was purchased. ; yon In COUPLE Hf. Bearded head of the king with diadem. RF BAZINEQZ MIOPAAATOY ®IAOTTATOPO=Z KAI $INAAENPOY. Perseus, the ancestor of the Achaemenid kings, standing, from the front, in the On the right the head of Medusa, in the left the Harpa. Above that Achaemenid badge, ‘Crescent Moon and sun. AR. 16.85 grm. A Mithradates, which one the nicknames Philopator and Philadelphus appears to be historically unknown. The portrait, 1) Catal. Lemme No. 194. 2) Mus. Kotch. U, 54.

On the numismatics of the kings of Pontus and Bosphorus. 233 of excellently beautiful workmanship and high relief, like the well-known ones, attributed to Mithradates the fourth by Waddington written coins and the Phamaees' I. '), has decided Family resemblance to the heads of these two princes, and One could almost be tempted to say Mithradate in this coin to recognize the fourth in late life. At the long one Government of this prince - he reigned for about fifty years and died around 190 BC. Ch. — wouldn't it be unlikely, that his earlier coins only bore the simple royal title, his but later also bear two nicknames. In the find by Amasia.2) but were the tetradrachms of Mithradates IV. with the simple royal title and the seated Zeus completely friseh and intacet, what since they are together with coins successor Pharnaces I were found, on one in the coinage that took place during the king's last reign. For earlier than these tetradrachms of Mithradat IV with seated But I certainly don't want Zeus to keep our university, rather is it later; the Perseus on the back has a style and hold tung unmistakable resemblance to the pantheistic figure on the coins of Pharnaces the first, and one could in the Accumulation of nicknames for our new Mithradate. at all a sign later expression recognize: yet Pharaces I is content with the mere title of king. Then it would remain for us- Only Pharnaces I's son and successor, Mithrada, received this coin. tes V.®), the father of Mithradates VI the Great, remains. From the writers, Strabo and Appian &), this father Mi- thradates of the sixth but not Philopator and Philadelphus, but called Euergetes, and from Vaillant there is also a ver- 1) Waddington, Mel. de Numism. II, first article: trouvaille d'Amasia. 2) Waddington 1st c. These pieces are now in all major collections. 3) Koehne (Mus. Kotch. II. 93) gives him the time from 157-123. With Security cannot be determined here, 4) app. Mi. cap. X. Strab. 0.477.

2334 A. v.' ballet, floundered silver coin (tetradrachm?) known which ones Title shows '): Rear head of the king with laurel wreath to the right. Rf. BAZINERZ MIOPAAATOY EYEPFETOY Standing figure with eagle on the right and palm branch. In the field monogram and FOP, i.e. 175 the Pontic era, 124 B.C. Ch. AR. >. But the laurel wreath on the king's head already makes this happen Coin questionable. That counterfeiters were already in early times have cultivated this part of numismatics many times the masses of fairly old false stamps of Mithradates of the sixth ten, one even marked as a colossal piece of gold (Berliner museum) ; also another interesting fake, also in the Berlin Museum?): Hf. Bearded head with diadem, facing right. RF BAZINENZ MIOPAAATOY, two monograms, K® in section. Seated Zeus a&tophorus left- there. AR1. This adulterated coin is apparently the cast of a Te- tradrachm of Alexander the Great, which leads to a "Mithradates" is processed. So, as far as Mithradates V. Euergetes is concerned, we must Agree with Waddington's words: on ne connait pas de medal certaine de Mithradate V. Evergete . .. . Mithradate Evergete a Dü cependant battre monnaie, comme ses predecesseurs et son successor; esp6erons qu’une trouvaille nouvelle fournira bientöt quelques & chantillons, et viendra completer some interesting ones series. — But if we don't have an absolutely safe coin 1) Koehne 1st ce. %. %) On the usefulness large collections of forgeries probably need not to be referred to further.

On the numismatics of the kings of Pontus and Bosphorus. 235 Knowing Mithradates' V. Euergetes, it is likely that that Waddington's hope has been fulfilled and that the Berlin Unicum, which certainly belongs to this dynasty, a reverse similar to the types of Pharnaces I shows and through frequent epithets as a probably later one Coin documented to this by the writers Euergetes called fifth Mithradates. The Strangest Newly Discovered Monuments From Mithrada tes' VI. Eupator's reign, which was characterized by his types Tetradrachms of his son "Ariarathes", whom the father (truly- apparently "mutato nomine") to the king of Cappadocia made, are already in the first article of this volume by Fried- countries have been properly discussed. Here the re- fetching the picture of this strange piece, from the Berlin collection, suffice!): RN EN, NEED HE ATERE PIABAON iR. zip code, 3 cd Ko N r Friedlaender's article cited already refers to the distance Distribution of the types Mithradates the Great and his inclusion river, attention was drawn to the coinage, the an image, albeit more limited, but similar to that provided the coins of Napoleon and the empires founded by him. We See Mithradat's son in Cappadocia exactly the types of 1) About uncertainty the chronology of that occupation Cappadocia by Mithradates see Mommsen Roman history I, %79 note. Around 99 B.C. was Mithradate already in Cappadocia.

236 A. v. Sallet, imitate father, we find the head of Mithradates on our own tenen copper coins from Smyrna!), we see how those at Mi- thradat's empires belonging to the Greek cities of the black Marine, Panticapaeum, Amisus, Chabacta his badge, the - drinking Pegasus (and once, at Panticapaeum, the willow- the deer) on their coins. That also belongs to Mithra The temporarily subdued Chersonesus also shows Mithradatus grazing deer?), most clearly the following of the known ones a slightly different coin that Mr. Feuardent gave me as a friend most recently said: Hf. Artemis head with quiver to the right. Rf. Weidender Hirch to the right, in the XEP section, above a monogram, the whole thing in a light wreath. | B.A. The Athenian coins with Aristion's, finally those with Mithra- dates’ names and titles and probably also those at the same time the official name Ariarathes 3) show us the influence of king on the conditions of the Greek peninsula; finally granted the aureus of the Italian allies with the typ- pen by Amisus: Baechus head and cista with thyrsus and lion head fell 2), and the Allies with the landing of the first waited for help from Mithradate °) the interesting example of Connection of the rebellious Italians with the king, in to whom, like the Athenians and Asia Minor, they found their liberator hoped. It seems to me that this interpretation comes from Bompois the gold coin of Minius Jegius was not so daring and doubtful: the coin whose impression I have even shows in details, in the arrangement of the wreath, the 1.0WenFelt 1) M. ıı1, 217, 1210. A very nice example in Berlin. 2%) Koehne Mus. Kotch. I, 134. 3) 8. above 8. 228. 4) Friedlaender, Oscan coins 8, 73 5) Friedlaender 1. c. 8. 84. Plate X, 13.

On the numismatics of the kings of Pontus and Bosphorus. IE over the cista etc. such a complete agreement with the late copper ones, probably the same as Mithradates coins from Amisus, the king's capital, that I bomb- Pois' view: the unusual piece of value - a piece of gold, from the weight of the Attic stater, the same as that elsewhere Time of completely unheard of manifestation of a gold stater in Athens with Mithradates’ name — with the completely unital types by Amisus!) is one of the embassy and the alliance Coin minted by the Italians with Mithradates, for more than one would like to hold a clever hypothesis. He did: Friedlaender himself, the opponent of this view, with luck and probability lent the confederate a handshake with the two of them Reaching warriors and the ship on the alliance with Mi- thradat interpreted. So Mithradates grant us Eupator’s Coins a picture of his undertakings: starting from his Rich inscriptions reminiscent of him appear and coin pictures. in the coastal cities of the Black Sea, in cappa doeien, in Ionia, from there to the Greek peninsula via: setting and finally crossing over to Italy. As a numismatic curiosity, the coinage of the Mithradates coining some tetradrachms with Alexander ders of the large type and inscription in Odessus 2), with the unmistakable portrait of Mithradates instead of Heracles, or more correctly with a “Mithradate” Heracles. 1) Because the different denarius of the €. Vibius Varus Coh. Plate: XLI, 18 has nothing to do with the aureus. Varus is a Monetar 'among the Triumvirs. 2) Friedlaender in this volume 8. 15. A.v. Sallet.

About stamps on Roman silver coins Republic. On the occasion of the discussion of the Roman denarii the Republic and the first reign of Emperor Au- gustus occurring Contremarken Vespasians in Volume II 1876 of this magazine, I noted pp. 372 and 373 ($. 21 and 22.of the extended separate impression) the occurrence of an whose type of stamps, the nature of which has not yet been explained, yes, they have not yet been given any attention is what they deserve.' So I think I'm the first who treats these stamps in their context, and if. also out these observations none here yet conclusions have been drawn, the meaning of these brands I still believe there is no solution on this point at least I have taken a step forward when I do that Briefly summarize the facts proven so far. t. The marks are in Latin, rarely Greek letters, not often combined as a monogram, but rather easy in numbers too, since V and X are not decided leaves, in dots, lines and arcs, which are often so large Quantity covering the sides of the coins allows for decipherment is absolutely impossible. These characters come with a sharp Stamp, always recessed, but only slightly, because the shape of the same is often not completely reflected on the coin has drawn; The main and back sides are often at the same time

M. Bahrfeldt, About stampings on silver coins of the Roman Republic. 339 provided with it, but with only one stamp the ms. seems to be to predominate. Usually each stamp can only be found once struck on the same side of the coin, rarely double, like on the denarius of L. Fan. C. Orit. my collection VV:; Incidentally, this doubling requires us to use V here as the letter ben to understand not as a number symbol, otherwise there would probably be X would. 2. The stamps can be found on denarii and quinarii, off- However, I don't know of any stamped Vietoriates and Sesterces - come, which circumstance may have an impact on the relative can be attributed to the moderate rarity of both denominations. On the Coins from the oldest period are rarely found to have stamps, but increased noticeably quickly towards the end of the Republic and seem to culminate in the legionary denarii of Antonius to have achieved, on which the form O respectively. bad out- embossed C, vo or 9, the preponderance to have seems. The countermarked coins are not always heavily used, often even in good and excellent condition, as can be seen from those under 3 and 4 listed directories. On fed mouths zen - at least in my collection - I have never started pelungen found, so the stamp is not hammered in seems to have been a touchstone for recognizing the plating the reverse, the completely silver ones. designate, to be intended. 3. No one can say about the great age of these stamps Doubts prevail; it can be proven that they are still there Period of the Republic, at least in the latter part of it are standing; because once the shape of the impressed book definitely the ancient one the Republic, such as b MOPS, but then two treasures of family Pieces stamped in this way were found in Lienden. From a coin discovered several years ago in Italy Treasure, which was otherwise of no importance, reached 20-30 de-

240 M. Bahrfeldt, nare, including four. with brands, in my possession. The. Denarii -belong to the following coin masters: Blacas no. 229 CN-LENTVL. little used. 267ce. M-PLAETORI-CEST. - - 2765. :A:PLAVTIVS AED-CVR. Cauf Hf. - - 278. CAESAR. - - 279... MW .ACILIVS III VIR. - = 2805. PAVLLVS TER. - - 280ce.. LIBO. Q on Hf. - - 281c. .(M. Lepidus). used. 290. , P-FONTEIVS P-F-CAPITO Ill VIR. who. vern. 295. PHILIPPVS. S on Hf. like. new. 2965. C-MEMMI-C-F. O on Hf. who. Vern. 2975... Q-POMPEI-RVF. like new. .532. CAESAR (Tropaeon and Gauls). = 0.0= “543. T-CARISIVS. no M.E “543... M-CORDIVS RVFVS. fresh from the stamp. 545. L+PLAVTIVS PLANCVS. - 548. .C-VIBIVS-C-F-C-N-PANSA. like new. A second treasure of about a hundred denarii, found at the beginning of the sixties in Denekamp, Holland (©: L. Grotefend in: Bonn Yearbooks Issue XLIX and in no time mismatic-sphragistic gazetteer 1871 p. 49. 50), contained ten denarii with counterstamps. Blacas no. 124. .C-SERVEILI-M:F: 163. CN-BLASIO-CN:F- 175. - L+MEMMI- 250”. A-:POST-A-F-S-N-ALBIN: 257e. M-VOLTEI-M-F- 259a. CN:LEN:Q- 262. L-FARSVLEI-MENSOR-

Blacas no. P- ssu=97 About stampings on silver coins of the Roman Republic. - 241 284 c. 290 a. 554. Q-CASSIVES © P-FONTEIVS P-F-CAPITOIIVIR . - q P-CLODIVS M-F- ee. 4. Finally, I give a list of my coins. a collection that bears clear countermarks. Sheet 2800. A Hf. 173. . 942. 279. ON \E Hy. Hf a4 Hy. RF Hf. Mr. Hy. Hy. Hf. Hf. Mr. Hf. RF Hy. Hf. Hf. Hf. Hf. Bf. Mr. RF Mr. Hf. Mr Hy. LIBO. .. used. L-FLAMINI-CILO. Se M-POBLICI-LEG : PROPR. - /W-ACILIVS II VIR. e L-FAN-C-CRIT. little vern. G Hf. P-CRASSVS M»F. 5 L-PAPI. - A-PLAVTIVS AED:-CVR. - Q-CVRT-M:-SILA. very vern. M-POBLICI-LEG-PROPR. - CAESAR (Tropaeon and Gauls). - L-MVSSIDIVS LONGVS (Comitias). - P-SEPVLLIVS MACER. 2 Q-SICINIVS Ill VIR. - M-HERENNI. - Q- CASSIVES. - P-FONTEIVS P-F-CAPITO III VIR. little C-MEMMI:C-F. vern. L-PROCILI-F. - T-CARISIVS Ill VIR (Biga). - ALBINVS BRVTI-F. very vern. LIBO. little vern. CAESAR (Tropaeon and LIN). very vern. PHILIPPVS. like new. Q:ANTO-BALB-PR. little suspected L-IVLI-BVRSIO. very vern. Diana in the Hirschbiga. -

349 M. Bahrfeldt, About stampings on silver coins of the Roman Republic. 292. = it - 280e. 00) 280 a. 5 8 Hf. C-HOSIDI-C-F-GETA Ill VIR. very vern. Hf. C:COPONIVS PR. little vern. Hf. LIBO. very vern. Hf. PAVLLVS TER. little vern. Hf. L-ANTONIVS COS. (with M- NERVA PROQ.). very vern. I don't know how to interpret the penultimate mark, it's probably... easily created from I by overstamping C, in which last, which approaches the Etrusian number symbol for 1000, is the possibility of creation by a double strike of the O not excluded. Bremen. M. Bahrfeldt.

On Pomeranian and Meklenburg coinage I The Hohenwalde coin find. The rarity of the ducal Pomeranian denarii is obvious to everyone well known to coin collectors!), you miss the fact, that coin finds consisting of them are not yet known have arrived, apart from two in which they apparently only isolated in a few pieces. next to Brandenburg like, Meklenburgers and others have performed; they are described in the sheets f. Mzkde. I, No. 19, and in my Pomeranian Coin customer) p. 75, unfortunately for us. about the number of pieces and The mixing ratio of the two finds is also not a little over- than about the place where they were found. Therefore it is a high happiness that brings us into possession of such a treasure to a considerable extent on Pomeranian soil found is and consequently also mostly Pomeranian Mint, apart from them, a single Würzburg denarius billed, only contains Meklenburgisch, to which Brandenbur- Gish were only added in very few fragments. One small sample of this find is already in the second volume of this period Sehrift p. 141 was published by Mr. Bardt, who wrote the book Ineditis has done full justice to her; 1) In Welzl v. You look for them in vain in Wellenheim, Reichel also owned apart from the older Bogislaus I, only 4 silent denarius, not a single written denarius, 2) Pomeranian coins in the Middle Ages (Berlin 1864) is the title of the book, that me here with D. P. eitire (5th also Berl. Bl. I, 154), whereas I use the number mer of Bardt's essay to be mentioned immediately with B.,

244 H. Dannenberg, I now have the big mass before me, woe betide you essentially corresponds to that sample, namely by its complete absence undivided Brandenburg coins stand out, but next to them but there are many varieties and several main types, woe bet there were represented and in some cases still: are new. 'Almost even higher But our treasure offers more interest than because of this Nova there- due to the fact that he uses the chronologically secured script denarii the circulation period of so many Pomeranians and Meklenburgs 'unwritten bracteates, which were once given a 'lesser' age, and that he also attributed the Pomeranian origins jump of some previously unrecognized coins darthut: But before we take a closer look at each one Coins "of our find pass over, is still the above saying, that same one, in 1873 on the Hohenwalde estate!) near Arnswalde discovered; came from Pomeranian soil, to take a closer look founded, because Arnswalde belongs today and already belonged in 1281 to the Brandenburg Neumark; in the year in question namely the Margraves Johann Otto and Konrad in Arnswalde a deed of donation for the Chorin monastery, and. likewise is in the following years (1289, 91 and 99 etc.) the The presence of the Brandenburg margraves in this city was originally documented. But that at the time when our treasure of the earth was entrusted, the city first mentioned in 1269?) or little- at least: the locality located nearby in Pomeranian Possessed, that can be assumed a priori, otherwise The complete absence of Brandenburg's character would certainly be the case incomprehensible. And the documents, however, indicate this took a hint. Because while after a donation Certificate from Duke Vladislaw of Poland for the Colbatz Monastery. 1) So Rue: H: Bardt; according to my source, near the village of Schönfelde not far from Arns- forests; It doesn't matter much which location is more appropriate and: I will therefore stick with the older information. 2) Kletke, reg. hist. Neomarch. p. 22.

The Hohenwalde coin find. 945 v:J.1233) the area there was Polish at the time, documented In 1269 the papal plenipotentiary Albert the Duke of Pomerania Barnim I, the abbot of Colbatz and several Pomeranian nobles with the ban because they withheld goods from the Order of St. John, . among which several around Arnswalde are also mentioned?). And after the Raumerschen Landbuche the Neumark at- given map was Hohenwalde even in 1337 still Pomeranian property. We must believe, after all that has been said, that at the time, where our find was deposited (towards the end of the third quarter of the XIII century), the place of discovery was Pomeranian being, and that in Pomerania for the heavy Brandenburgers There was no room for coins, or that the national coin met the need completely covered, and next to her you only have the same valuable and similarly designed Meklenburg. Turn Let us now turn to the description of the individual pieces However, it should be noted that a number of indistinct bracteates could not be classified. A. Pomerania. Duke Barnim I, 1220 -1278, alone since 1264. 1) Above the battlements the duke, half body, with a sword and flag, the head of one decorated with peacock feathers decorated helmets covered. R/.-®BARNAM:DVX, griffin head left 3). (10 copies - = 4.45 grams) Plate IV, No. 1. 116 copies%) D.P. 8. 14 Note+, Sheet f. Makde I plate XV, 196. Bardt No. 3. 1) v. Raumer, land register of the Neumark $. 35. 2) I owe this historical news largely to the courtesy ity of the State Archivist Dr. v. Bülow in Stettin. 3) I do not use the expressions right and left in a heraldic sense, but in the ordinary sense of the word. 4) The pieces of Bardt's share are added. 17 Journal of Numismatics. IV.

246 H. Dannenberg, When writing my pomm. March this denarius was mine Never seen it before, hence the description the imperfect specimen at Grote turned out incorrectly, the Duke in particular is described as sitting. 2) BARNIM griffin head left. Z/. Star in a frame 4 stars and 4 rosettes. (0 Ex.—=4.17Gr.) 55 Ex. D:P ak 1 #+ Bi 3) The Duke with two lily sticks (or halberds). R/. Cross with BARO)I in the angles. (6 copies - 2.59 gr., Average weight 0.43 gr.) 17 ex. 15 sec ae 1 A a a 4) Spherical triangle ending in clover leaves (Schächer- cross), a griffin head on each side. Af. like number 3. (7Ex.—3.17 gr., average 0.45 Gr.) Plate IV, No.2. 21 ex. Bl. f. Mzkde. I, plate XV, 198. D.P. p.14 note 7 Here too, my previous one, according to Grote’s, is not quite right. The description provided in the more detailed illustration is incorrect, as the duke's name not through BARN, but through BAROI is expressed, hence a corrected illustration here as well as appeared to be required in No. 1. 5) The same H.$S. RZ. AR in a circle instead of the writing 15 rings surrounded. (B.8.) 4 copies = 1.95 gr., dia. average weight 0.49 gr.) Plate IV, 5. 13 ex. It was only through our discovery that this coin was brought to light, which is all the more valuable because it is the fatherland of those who follow previously unrecognized. She also remains silent, like everyone else following, about its author, then we will surely have him also have to look for in Barnim I, since the considerable Number of its prominent stamps in connection with the company brik resemblance makes it seem believable that the burial took place during his lifetime. Of course it is not to conceal the fact that the larger number of those mentioned above

The Hohenwalde coin find. 247 Nos. 1-5 denarii are in a very defective ') has found itself in this state, and that's what it would be like, especially if we put their stamp in Barnims I last years, probably, that No. 5 or one and other of the following coins would also be shaped in the near future after 'Barnim I, so under his son Bogislaus IV, who had been co-regent of his since 1276 father, after his death as guardian of his brothers Barnim H (r 1295) and Otto (+ 1344) ruled until he died in 1295 with his aforementioned brother Otto the well-known division of the country (Wolgast, Stettin). Be that as it may, it is certain that that the A of the ref. is not, as one would believe, the coin gentleman indicates, because in Pomerania, where the griffin heads go refer to our coin, there is no duke whose name starting with A. There now also the custom popular elsewhere to designate years by letters, which sometimes form the sole character, was not valid in Pomerania there is probably nothing left but the R on the mint to refer, i.e. to Arnswalde, there Anklam to coins always Tanklim means. Bardt has already explained this, although of course his assumption, that Duke Wartislaw IV our coin as Guardian of Margrave Heinrieh (+ 1320) had it minted, raises the most serious concerns. Historically this would be many- easily possible, because Wartislaw was 1319 appointed as guardian recognized, even stayed in Arnswalde in 1319 and looked at it After Heinrich's death, he became lord of Neumark, to Kaiser Ludwig gave the mark to his son of the same name in 1323?) ; but how to explain it that the greater mass of the Denarius, all with Barnim's name, is at least 40 years older? Rather, we have to say: if A means Arnswalde, then it is Coin struck by Barnim I when he took possession of the city. 1) This defect is not always a result of wear and tear, but rather more often also due to careless coining, those too in many cases in just one-sided embossed copies appear. 2) v. Raumer, Landbuch, pp. 10 and 63.

248 H. Dannenberg, 6) Two crowned heads to the side of a long cross, whose three top ends in lilies. Af. How. No. 5.') (10 copies = 3.93 gr.) 47 Ex. B.9. Kiöhne magazine. V, plate IX, 20. Köhne (V, $. 270 note) correctly states that this denarius because of its low weight not Brandenburg be could, However, he is wrong in that he gave it to Duke Albrecht H of Saxony (1260-1308) assigns, a mistake, of course only our find revealed it, because without the previous one We would hardly recognize him if he had a coin with exactly the same Rs have. The imprint of the two crowned heads is probably heavy- out of itself, but only for imitation of the Brandenburg Denarius (Rau XVI, 21, Weidhas VI, 10). explain; because even if we had cousins in Pomerania until 1264 Find Barnim I and Wartislaw II as ruling at the same time, so These crowned heads cannot be referred to them. 7) The Duke between two helmets and two ringlets. Rf. OTPLVDRE four-petaled rosette. (7 copies == 2.17 sizes; average weight 0.4 gr.) Plate IV, 7. 34 Ex. Bl. f. Mzkde. I, plate XV, 199. D.P. 8.15 and 75. B.7. The earlier interpretation on Swatopluk II by Pomerellen has I do a. a.0. based on clear copies eliminated, without, however, being able to give an interpretation of the circumscription This would be all the more difficult given the lack of a written separator, we don't know where to start reading. have started. 8) The Duke between two griffin heads and two ringlets. R/. Double-lined cross with a ringlet at each angle. (7 copies = 2.7 gr., average weight 0.396 gr.) 25 ex. Bl:£::Makdo. I, Plate XV; 208. D. PT, 17. B.’5 1) I only count 45 rings on all clear specimens, not 16, as is the case Köhne states; Because of number d, the number does not want to be indifferent. R &

The Hohenwalde coin find. 249 9) Four heads around a cross, with a cross between them. 'Rf. Two griffins with their backs turned. (4 copies - 1.67 gr. _ Average weight 0.41 gr.) 8 ex. The allocation of this denarius to Wartislaw III and Bar- nim I along with her brothers Barnim and Wartislaw, who I used to be, and according to me Bardt popularized it, is based on a historical one Carver of the Pomeranian historian Bartholdt, the allows both cousins to rule jointly with their brothers. Through the recently published Klempin-Bülow'sche Stamm- we are taught at tables, that such a communal reign of four dukes did not take place, and must sen therefore forego such an interpretation of the four heads, although due to their lack of spiritual badges they rather seem to allow such a relationship, than about four Evangelists on the Polish Bracteate Köhne I, plate. XI, 11 may be shown. Maybe the two of them left each other Access the dual power of Barnim I and Wartislaw III interpret, if not the unedited No. 10 such again in question presented. 9a) Same, but four dots instead of the four crosses between the heads. 0.49 gr. Plate IV, 9a. 1 ex. 10) The Duke with sword (and lance?). RF like No. 9. (0.5 gr.) Plate IV, 10. 1 ex. 11) The Duke with sword and lance. Rf. The griffin on the left. (2 copies = 0.44 gr., 0.45 gr.) D.P. Plate I, 12. 9 ex. 12) The griffin to the left. 2/. Double-lined cross in a single version of four sheets. Bl. f. Mzkde. I, plate XV, 200. D.P. P. 16, No. 16. (0.38 gr., 0.4 gr., 0.53 gr.) 9 ex. 13) Two griffin heads facing each other in the lower ones Angles of a footed cross. Rf. griffin head left- down under a double step, on which between two Tower a lily. (10 copies = 4.33 gr.) D.P. FakIH; 15.:B;4, 48 Ex,

350 H. Dannenberg, 14) Two towers connected by a wall, between them two rings one below the other. Z/. Double-lined cross, in a ringlet in every corner. Köhne V, plate IX, 21. Weidhas Brdbg. Denarii, IH, 22. (10 copies = 4.41 gr.) 34 Ex. Köhne explains this denarius because of a distant similarity loan of H. $. with the presentation of the Stendal city seal for a product from the Stendal mint. But his factory is not Brandenburg, as little as his character, and that large thinness of the planchet, which he, like the whole thing Reputation, which has in common with our No. 1, still defines him ter to Pomerania, than his numerous appearances in this one Finds would do anyway, and Bardt confirms that a. a. ©. 8. 143 Said. 15) Wide cross with five rings on it. Z/. Cross in an arched frame. D:: Ps Def: IV, Aa are R.E According to the style and the Pomeranian found cooperative. He will have no qualms about the above characteristics all to be regarded as sovereigns, only the last and No. 12 could perhaps be related to Cammin Abbey allow, which has a silver cross in a red field as a coat of arms pen leads. — Now if I look at the Pomeranian bracteates let follow in order of cities, I don't want anything like that - have declared them urban. The question of whether one Coin to be considered sovereign or urban, is yes not answering from the coins themselves, unless that Inscriptions provide reliable information, and the archives let us also mostly in the lurch, so that we usually have the general my historical circumstances need to consult. And they show us in the time with which we can do it here have to do - third, at the latest fourth quarter of the 13th century. century 4) I don't know the weight of the second copy.

The Hohenwalde coin find. 951 — the cities have not yet achieved such power development, that we have possession with them of coinage law assume could. It is documented that Anklam and Greifswald 1325 the coinage law, initially for a temporary period, commissioned by Wartislaw IV bought the same, according to a document from 1292 then, Garz acquired it in 1330, Pyritz in 1326, Stettin in 1345, Stralsund does 1319. But as we know, the documents stand not always in harmony with the coins, both behave to a certain extent like"theory to practice, provide the documents as it should be, but in reality things work out often different, the purchased right to mint is often not exercised, it will be because of abuse diminished or deprived, the The sovereign knew how to benefit from his renewal, etc. One could consider the uncertainty about the division of the coins easily tolerated in ducal and urban areas, if only not with so many because of the lack of clarity of the coin images, to which location return them, so many un- security stocks.. By the way, if you are talking about the urban one Property of these bracteates wanted to claim that they carry urban signs, so you shouldn't forget, that they offered the iron cutter less space than the design nare, so apart from the mint's emblem, not likely allowed to express their relationship with the duke. This will because a division into the ducal coins is almost practical chemical impossibility, and also has Köhne for a similar reason The arrangement of the Brandenburg coins is no different knew how to help than that he puts the greater part under the distributed mints. Demin. 16) Bracteate with the lily, in a smooth edge (two according to size and drawing slightly different types). 0.38 gr., 0.38 Gr; 0.8 gr., 0.57:€., 0.54 @r. Plate IV; 16. 5 copies

% 252 H. Dannenberg, 17) Likewise, but the edge is punkfirt. (0.44 gr., 0.48 gr. Plate IV, 17. - On all Demin coins guaranteed by inscriptions appears to be the same coat of arms as on the city's secret seal, the lily, and so may the deminer origin of these bracteates probably not be seriously questioned by that too Anklam occasionally used this image (D. P. Plate I, 69). No. 13 may also be embossed here!). Very By the way, the one on bracteates in this area is almost interesting unprecedented, but widespread in southern Germany Edge decoration, woehee, as far as I remember, only on a Meklenburg bractate (D..P. p. 77, no. 30) comes. Greifswald. 18) Crowned head with four-pronged crown. Smooth edge. (6 copies - 2.5 gr., average 0.42 gr.) DB, Tr. Tee 7, MM. ? Ex. 19) Likewise, of different drawing and with three-pronged Crown. (5 copies = 2.26 gr. Average 0.45 Gr.) 5 Ex. Meklenbg. year container Year XVH, plate no. 7. 20) Likewise, the crown resembles a hat. Blasted Edge. (0.34 Gr., 0.4 Gr., 0.44 Gr., 0.47 Gr.) Plate IV, 20. 5 Ex. 21) Crowned head above one of two fortified towers wall (or a boat?). Smooth edge. (0.41 gr., 0.42 ’0r., 0.43 @r.): . Tat. TV, 21. 14 ex. 22) Likewise over a crescent (or with robes?). Smooth circle. (0.4 gr., 0.41 gr., 0.48 gr., 0.62 gr.!) Plate IV, 22. 4 ex. These bracteates have a lot of headaches caused, they have it in Königsberg i/N., where their factory doesn't fit, 1) New evidence that bracteates and “Wide-sided denarii were minted, which Grote (Mzkde VII, 317) doubts.

| | | | The Hohenwalde coin find. 253 man also thought of Denmark!) and Sweden, but Masch was the first to describe the discovery of Malchow (Mekl. Yearb. XVII) an allocation of No. 19 to Greifswald daring, based on Kretschmer's communication, that even now a bracteate stamp with a crowned head in the archives of this City is kept, as well as with reference to the of He was given a Greifswalder Schilling with the same picture (D. P. Plate IV, 83). Of course, a certain amount of doubt remained still exist insofar as this shilling dates back to the 15th century. century belongs, and that bracteate stamp also comes from a later period should stir, and one could therefore ask whether grasping forest first in the XV. Century the crowned head on his coins has impressed. But luckily a. a. O. Plate 14 after the extremely faithful and characteristic Kretschmer drawings an image of the imaginary stamp is given, from which Now you can see why the same thing is considered late. was kept, at least only because of its blasted edge, the Lish (Mekl. Jahrbeh. XVI, p. 313, note) the second Half of the 15th century century. This old one, to that one However, time to thoroughly destroy this excusable error, But it's a credit to our founding... Also the Jessener coin discovery, which bracteates from Anhalt and the neighboring countries from the end of the 13th century Century term, contained some Pieces with blasted edges next to the large majority 'with smooth edge (see Stenzel num. Stud. 8. 21). The same truth This takes us to Filchne (Prov.) a few years ago. poses) made, largely from unedited bracteates make existing finds from a wide variety of origins, but that too should have contained some denarii from Barnim I's time?). Finally you can also see the D.P. $. 75 Appendix A. find described. 1) but see Thomsen Catalog I Th.III, p. 152. 2) Below also that of me in this magazine IH (Plate III, 6). ver- published with STETIN(e)C. BF

254 H. Dannenberg, So not alone, that the blasted edge of the assumption of one older age for this bracteate stamp not in the way stands, then the same is the opposite with our number 20, namely- a specimen of less clarity than the one shown formed, agreeing almost to the point of complete congruence. doubt- Actually only numbers 21 and 22 remain, but it seems I have no reason to this character from the others separate, since the Middle Ages loved the actual coinage to change the image with symbols, by name the ver- to separate different vintages from one another. I would rather the origin of the following coin, which is completely different Styles is, appear questionable. 23) Long-haired head of lean shape, with three-pronged Crown covered. (0.38 gr.) Plate IV, 33. 1 ex. Pasewalk. 24) Bracteate with griffin claw. (0.31 gr., 0.38 gr., 0.39 gr., 0.44 gr.) °(D. P. Plate I, 86.) 14 ex. Pyritz. 25) Bracteate. Six-petaled rosette. Smooth edge. (0.3 gr.) (D. P. Plate IV, A. 13.) 1 ex. 26) Four-petaled rosette. Edge blasted. (0.4 gr., 0.41 gr., 6.228.) {BP Pal TV, At) 6 copies 27) Similar, with smooth edges. (6 ex. = 2.38, average 0.4 gr.) Plate IV, 27. 16 copies If we number 25 probably as a rose, the coat of arms of a later period Coins and an even later seal (from 1543) of this city, may address, of course not entirely without reservations, whether not six peacock feathers are depicted, so reinforced yourself this one There are still doubts about No. 26, which bears the stamp of No. 7, and at No. _27 it is even questionable whether there is not a cross is meant.

The Hohenwalde coin find. 355 Szczecin. 28) Bracteate. Crowned griffin head to the left. Smooth edge. 0.49 gr.): Plate IV, 28. 3 ex. 29) Bracteate. Crowned griffin head to the right. Smooth edge. 0.48 gr.) Plate IV, 29. 1 ex. 30) Bracteate. Crowned griffin head on the left. Blasted edge. 8 copies = 3.92 gr., diameter 0.49 gr.) Plate IV, 30. 16 copies. 31) Bracteate. Left-winger Griffin head in: Portal one Thores. Smooth edge. (8 copies —= 4.04 sizes, average 0.5 gr.) Plate IV,-31. 13 ex. 32) Bracteate. Left-turned griffin head in shield. 'Smoother Edge. (0.36 gr., 0.45 gr.) Plate IV, 32. 6 copies Stralsund. 33) Bracteate. Flag facing left, without symbols. Smooth edge. (0.4 @r., 0.53 Gr.,; Tel.;IM 33, 2 ex. 34) Bracteate. Flag to the left, with a ringlet underneath. Smoother Edge. (0.33 gr., 0.43 gr., 0.43 gr., 0.47 gr., 0.51 gr.) valley. IV; 34 8 ex. 35) Bracteate. Likewise, a ball as a symbol. (0.32G, 0.38 gr.,. 0.30 size, 0.42 size) . Taf: IW; 35. 4 ex. 36) Bracteate. Likewise, with ray as a symbol. (0.36 gr., 0.4 Br., 0.41 @r.) Tat. Eve, 36. 4 ex. 37) Bracteate with the ray; smooth edge. (0.37 gr.) Tab. IV..:82. 2 ex. 38) Likewise, but four balls on the edge. (0.39 gr. 0.45 gr.) Plate IV, 38. 4 ex. One could, based on what was said above these Stralsunders Classify coins under the princely "Rügen", they would be considered as- then by Wizlaw II (1260-1302). Usedom. 39) Bracteate. Helmet decorated with five feathers on the left. Smooth edge. (0.28 gr.!) Plate IV, 39. tEx.

256 H. Dannenberg. The ducal decorated with two rows of peacock feathers Helm appears in the approximately simultaneous secretion seal of this one City, what the allocation of this due to its small size and light weight conspicuous bracteates until further notice may justify. Diocese of Cammin. | 40) The seated bishop, an unrecognizable object (Evan- gelienbuch?) on the right. Rf. Grip to the left. (0.33 gr.) Plate IV, 40. 1: Ix. From this time of transition from the old great de- Nars of the XII. to the smaller ones of the XIV and XV centuries. No denarii were known yet. 41) Bracteate with attached head, on each (?) side a half- moon. Smooth edge. (0.35 gr.) Plate IV, 41. 1 ex. 42) bracteate, left (from viewer) Bishop's head, right Bi- lap staff. (0.43 gr.) Plate IV, 42. 1 ex. The head is not very clear, and you would like to see it... -Easily mistaken for a bull's head if there weren't another similar one (unedited) Camminer bracteates with bishop's staff on the left and bi- head right. i 43) Bracteate with bishop's staff between two balls. Smoother Edge. (Total 4.32 grams, average 0.39 grams.) Plate IV, 43. 11 ex. Meklenburg. Worse than the Pomeranians are their Meklenburgs Neighbors on it, they have even fewer denarii, but one Countless bracteates, all without writing and with the bull denotes head; but neither these nor the other leave an allocation to a specific ruler, not even to a specific one Regentenhaus, as this has already been repeated, especially von Masch when discussing the discovery of painting mentioned above chow is executed.

The Hohenwalde coin find, 957 All the more reason is an exact directory of this bull's head Bracteates and illustrations required to go through the finds to win at least one safe time determination. These are We think this is a far larger number of the older ones Bracteates than the Mala of the same age but so much smaller chower find offered. 44) Bracteate.. Bull's head in a four-arched frame. Smoother Edge. (0.4 gr.) Plate V, 44. 1 ex. 45) Likewise, but without the border. (0.44 gr.) Tab. V.45. 4 ex. 46) Likewise, 3 balls above the head. (0.29 gr.) Tab. V, 46. 3 ex. 47) Bracteate with bull's head, above the same cross. Smooth edge. (0.39 gr., 0.42 gr., 0.45 gr., 0.46 gr., 0.46 gr., 0.49 gr.) Plate V, 47. 11:Ex: 48) Likewise, but above the head T. 0.36 gr :) Dat. V,.48. 1 ex. 49) Likewise, instead of the T a shield or triangle. (0.44 gr.) Plate V, 49. 3 ex. 50) Smooth-edged bracteate with crowned bull's head.. (0.35 gr., 0.46 gr.) Plate V, 50. 8 ex. 51) Similar, but the crown is anchor-shaped. 8 ex. 32) Bracteate. Bull's head, with a ringlet above him. Smooth edge. (0.39: @r.) 'Pak. V, 52. a Rx, 53) Bracteate. bull head, Crescent between the horns. Smooth edge. (10 copies - 4.08 gr.) Plate V, 53. 12 copies 54) Bracteate. Bull's head over a crescent. Smooth edge. (0.37 gr.) Pal. VW, 34. 6 copies 55) Bracteate. Bull's head without horns, two crescents above. Smooth edge. (10 copies = 3.76 gr.) Plate V, 55. 41 Ex. 56) Bracteate. bull head, instead of horns branches. Smoother Edge. (0.48g, 0.56g) Plate V, 56. 9 ex. bracteate. bull head, about the same a ring-like one [21 I

258 H. Dannenberg, figure. 1 each on the edge at the top and 1 at the bottom, 2 on each side gel. Smooth edge. (0.42 gr.) Plate V, 57. 2 ex. 58) Bracteate with a bull's head in a blasted edge. (0.45 gr.) Plate V, 58. 1 ex. 59) Bracteate. Half bull's head and half lily.. On the edge II1I. (0.39g) Plate V, 99. 3 ex. Probably minted in Gnoien, whose coat of arms is half Bull's head and half lily. The I repeated four times probably just serves as decoration. 60) Bracteate. Bull head with deer antlers from eight ends, instead the Homer. A ball at the edge on each side. (0.45g) Plate V,:00. iix. It is perhaps worth thinking about Parchim, which is already in his Seal from 1305 between the horns of the bull's head holy from eight ends'). Yes is of course not out- whether we don't have a real deer head in front of us, for which I would then have no interpretation. (S. by the way: MeHkl. year container XVII Plate No. 3.) About 30 bull's head bracteates are due to indistinctness not to be classified. Rostock. 61) RO—SS—TO Bull's head in sight. Ay. Crowned helmet, On each side is half a bull's head with its horns with leaf sticks. Evers, Mekl. Coin author. Vol. II. 5. 416. (0.4 gr.) Tat. V, 61. 1 ex. The only Meklenburg Written denarius, excellent also thanks to the extremely delicate die cut. Leitzmann (guide p. 366) describes him incorrectly, as if the Ze were wearing. the introduction of the Hf., and moved him too late Period (1325—1361).2) {) Ackermann, Parchimer Chronicle 8. 207. I) In any case, he relies on Evers, the (Betr. about e. in Rostock $ R 8 % |

The Hohenwalde coin find, 259 Brandenburg. 62) Seated Margrave, a helmet on each hand. If. Two Seated margraves touching a pillar. 2 half ex. Weidhas IV, 10. 63) Seated Margrave, a tower on each hand. RF. In Thief's Cross running out of lilies, at every angle Helmet. — Weidhas V, 1. Your ex. Koehne (Journal IV, 45) gives No. 62 in accordance with Our finds belong to the brothers Johann I, Otto IV and Konrad I (1266-82), on the other hand in Reichel's catalog (IV No. 158). only through forgivable carelessness to the younger triumvirate (1280-1298). Whole copies of No. By the way, they weigh 62 0.64. Size, from 63 —= 0.77 size. Würzburg. Bishop Berthold 1268-1287. 64) Episcopal bust. Z/. The Würzburg monogram. The inscriptions on both sides are unclear. I Ex. Indeterminate bracteates. 65) With crown. (0.45 gr.) Plate V, 65. 1 ex. 66) 2 bird legs. Plate V, 65. 1 ex. There are still a number left with towers and other things buildings called silent bracteates, which one, there too the best description not a clear picture of could give them, under No. 67-83 Plate V shown may._ They do not allow themselves to be confined to a certain location pt. old coin Schwerin 1785) tacitly, without a doubt with regard to Seal and because of the ROSSTO and the coinage privilege of 1325 assumes that our denarius must be minted under a princely stamp, and only that trying to figure out which one in the period of 1325 until 1361, when Rostock was full The reigning princes who achieved freedom of coinage were attributed to him. But he might be a lot- more by Heinrich Borrwin I (1229-1278).

260 H. Dannenberg, The coin find from Höhenwalde. return; you just have to be warned that you don't For the sake of their presentation, I declare with certainty to be urban, so little this regarding our denarius no. 14 was about. Maybe some of them go back to Garz or Stargard- two old mints whose coins are missing here. No. 81 is somewhat reminiscent of the later Hamburg styles, and might be related to that, especially since we already have the city long before the purchase of the right to mint (1325). concerned with the coinage, especially with Lübeck in 1255 Treaties see united, according to which the mutual coins according to the same foot (to 15'/, Loth fine). should. Finally I add the result of Herru Wardein Neubauer kindly rehearsed several pieces our find. They have the following fineness: — 0.862 No. 14 — 0.847 — 0.812 19 - 0.772 0.842 31 - 0.782 0.755 27 0.830 0.842 43 0.811 0.825 6) 0.833. H. Dannenberg.

Brandenburg bracteates. 1. Otto HI. — The oldest representation of Brandenburg Adlers. Albert II Among the rarer bracteates of the Ascanian margraves of Brandenburg belong to the Otto's II 1184 - 1206) with his names. Holmboe') has some sticks found in Norway made known to the species, which then Koehne 2) discussed has. They show, with the exception of the one from Salzwedel with OTO MARIIO SALTVEL and the viewing key over the church chen building, the margrave in full figure or in the chest image and are similar to them his contemporary, neighbor and Uncle Bernhard von Saehsen (1180-1212), the youngest son Albrecht the Bear. The smallness usually distinguishes According to the assumption, Otto II's bracteates were different from those of his father Otto’s I. — Later Dannenberg?) has some similar bracteates published, finally the Berlin Coin Binet already owned it since for a long time, something different from those described. nice, pretty big, therefore not yet in the allocation completely undoubted piece with the standing margrave. About this 1) De prisca re numaria Norvegiae 1840, plate II, 150-152 and plate V, 202,205. 2) Koehne, Journal. f. Coin ete. Customer I p:r 354. 3) Memoirs de la soeietE imp. d'arch, Petersb, 1852 Vol. VI p. 419- Act. XVII, 40-43. IV. 18 Journal of Numismatics.

262 A. -v. Sallet, now comes as a new acquisition from the Berlin Coin Cabinet Series of beautiful, partly unedited pieces. N OIARIO-EST-OTTO The standing margrave with sword, Flag and shield. AR. 23 millimeters. This piece is still unknown and is of very good work, very similar to Bernhard's bracteates. The inscription is similarly ineorreet, as on other coins that have already been published Maıkgrafen. The EST, which was not uncommon at that time, can be found exactly the same on one of Bernhard's bracteates in the Berlin Mu- seum !): BERNHADVS- (she) DVX EST. 2) OTTO N: Oh, without a helmet. 4R. 23 millimeters. 3) OARIO OTTO. Similar, with a helmet, without a shield?). 4) OTTO MARICOO. Similar, with shield. AR. 21 millimeters. Good job. Published by Dannenberg, M&em. de St. Pe- tersbourg VI plate XVII no. 40. 5) OTDO-- (?) Bust of the Margrave from the front, helmeted, i.d. R. visual value, i. d. L. Flag and shield. AR. 22 millimeters. Similar to Holmboe plate V no. 202. 4) Heritage stone, found by Trebitz, $. 32. 2) Here So the title comes before the name, like on No. 1. A loading knows that the addition of the title is not characteristic of Otto's bracteates, like Dannenberg 1. e. p. 418 says.

Brandenburg bracteates. 263 6) OTO. Standing margrave, helmeted, with sword and Flag between two towers. AR. 2 millim. 7, OTTO. Similar, with shield, without towers. /R. 20 millim. In addition, some unwritten ones with similar marks counts. Unfortunately, the pieces are not all well defined and especially the inscriptions are often matt. The strangest coin found is undoubtedly the one in existing several copies: Ss) OTTO. The standing margrave, helmeted, with flag and Shield with a clear eagle on it, the coat of arms of the Mark Brandenburg, in the ball field. AR. 20 millim. This piece is already available from Leitzmann in the numismatic newspaper!) was briefly published and properly allocated; his note worthy type but deserves to be looked at in more detail. the. The eagle, clearly visible on all copies, appears as the coat of arms of the Mark Brandenburg first on the very tenen two-sided denarius?), which Albrecht to the bear is written, in the Berliner Münzeabinet in an excellent, near Weidhas, Brandenburg. Denarius Plate I No. 17 not sufficiently accepted created copy available: Hf. ALBERTVS-BRARI. Standing margrave from the front, helmeted, with sword and flag. 1) Year 41 No. 2, 1874 p. 8. 2) The what us with one new Made-up word bracteates call, was called in As is well known, denarius was also used at that time, such as the large pieces by Friedrich Bar- barossa for Mulhouse; Goslar; Walter v. Arnstedt; Jakza; the smaller of Bernard of Saxony. 18*

264 A. v, Sallet. Ry. ALBERTVS-BRANI. Eagle, as on the bracteate Otto's II, but not in his plans. AR. If this denarius really belongs to Albrecht the Bear, our bracteate of Otto's II would be the second coin in terms of age, which ones which represents the coat of arms of the Mark; but if, what of The denarius is declared by experts to be not unlikely but maybe Otto’s MH. Brother, Albrecht the Second (1188 - 1220) would be assigned to which one would probably. rightly other two- sided denarii. attributes, then our bracteate would be Otto I the oldest depiction of the Brandenburg eagle on coins zen, indeed probably the oldest one with certainty, Bare representation of the Brandenburg coat of arms, of the eagle: because the seal of Otto the first on a document the year 1170, in Brandenburg, which has a strangely un- That's why it shows a heraldic eagle other valid reasons from the knowledgeable Vossberg ') in addition to the The document itself was declared false or highly questionable. Our little monument will thereby to one of the inter- most edible remains of Brandenburg prehistory. All of the coins described here belong to you Find, which, made in Seelensdorf near Pritzerbe, is large- Some of it came into the possession of a coin collector, which explains why Coins carefully examined and several beautiful specimens left to the Berlin Museum, that from another source already had acquired three pieces of this find. ?) It seems that the find was only Magdeburg Moritzpfennige, similar those the Trebitzer find, with and. without change writing, and bracteates of Otto II with transcription and without writing N Vossberg, Seal of the Mark Brandenburg, Issue I (only) Plate A. No.2 > 8.8. 2?) The coin collector, Mr. Lange, has since briefly published the find in the papers. tern f. coin studies 'p. 428 announced. But you will be convinced that anyway my meeting was necessary. — EST has with Stendal nothing to do.

Brandenburg bracteates. 265 certainly contained pieces belonging to this prince. It should still be possible, the second one that has already been promised to us present main part of the find of science to save, A detailed description of the find will be given. The allocation of all bracteates discussed to Otto II is probably completely certain, as Dannenberg already did in the led gang of M&moires ete. has proven. Hardly can these small bracteates, in art value the great Beautiful pieces by Otto I far below, attributed to him become ; Rather, they are made whole by their style and size Similar pieces from Otto's second brother, Heinrich from Gardelegen !), who entered the clergy in 1188, certainly determined. Albrecht's bracteates are very similar second (1188-1220): The bracteate shown here, in the royal. Museum, belongs probably definitely to this Albrecht, not to the Albrecht von Saxony, Bernhard's son. The factory our coin exactly matches that of the bracteates of Otto II; also the thickness the coin is characteristic of the Brandenburgers, while the only known bracteate of Albrecht from Saxony with AB DVX »is made of brittle, weak silver sheet and... of still poorer content than Bernhard's coins«2). 1) Koehne, ete magazine. II. Plate X, 9. 2) Heritage stone, find by Trebitz, 8. 33, plate I, 17, A.v. Sallet.

LAKES a u en EEE can nn EEE Satrap coins. The French coin collector Allier has a copy of the Bronze coin No. 1 - probably the identical one - owned and assigned to the Cappadocian city of Saricha. Mionnet ') and Sestini2) cite the same example and Allier’s Catalog repeats it3). From this collection it truly came- apparently in the hands of Mr. Rollin's father, and by him General Fox bought it, as a note from the latter says!). Consequently, we can assume that it is always the same Specimen, a unicum, is. The descriptions that Sestini and Dumersan gave of him Allier's copy is not precise; they called them Figure on the reverse side of a Mithraic priest with a Persian cap, while it is a female figure with a mural crown. The allocation to Saricha was even more erroneous; she should 1) Part. IV, 437, 217, in 1809. 2) Lettere di continuazione I, 92; 1813. 3) 8. 104; 1829. 4) At a London auction Rollin coins by Mr. Curt, 1849, No. 75.

J. Friedlaender, satrap coins. 267 can be justified by the fact that MOPI is based on the cappadoese Province of Morimene was moved. Alone also apart from the improbability, that the names of the city and the provinces should be placed next to each other: you don't know whether Saricha belonged to her; Stephen Byzantius, the only one Author who mentions this city says nothing other than that it is in Cappadocia lay. Since other coins are not known, so Saricha is removed from the list of minted cities. This coin, which came with Fox's collection in the... The coin cabinet arrived and I had doubts as soon as I sorted it out I immediately remembered what had excited me about the allotment I the second one pictured above for the royal coin cabinet advertised. You can see that the two coins belong to each other. The headdress is that of the first Arsacids, as it seems one leather helmet, which probably belongs to the princes of a shepherd people. Strange is the forward position of the head at No. 2. Also the KS figures. correspond to each other, the second the top of the wall is just missing by chance, both raise the right one Poor, on the second the figure stands on one, so to speak wagon, before which one two winged sphinxes sit. One I only know of an externally similar depiction on the silver coin of Julianus Apostata in the 'Fürstlich Waldeck'schen Collection, which I published in the Berliner Blatter für Münzkunde I, 5. 150, plate VI, 8. But there Isis drives, Horus in front of him, on a chariot, which has two winged sphinxes is drawn while the Sirius dog appears in front of her jumps. The labels also correspond, the first one has MOPI ZAPI, the second ANIZAANQ AZAPI, so non-Greek words, Transeriptions out a Semitic language; sari and dsari denote probably the same word, once with Shin, the other time written with Zade. In Persian sar, ser has the meaning: prince, in Hebrew 1% is just-

368 J. Friedlaender, 4 if: Sir. - Often the ending sar and zar is in royal names: Nabucodonosar, Belshazzar, Baltasar, Abdissar, Abobassar, Nabopolassar, Salmanazar et al. This is what you want ver- courage, that these strange coins in Armenia, George gies or a province close to them. We lay presented them to the Orientalists for explanation. It is easier to allocate the following satrap coin: The. The name Ariaramnes comes as early as Herodotus of a Persian, and will probably be the same name as that several times and at. various writers Ariamnes and Ariamenes is written; Ariamenes becomes a son of Da- vius Hystaspis, Ariamnes become two Cappadocian kings called; the first of these was the son of Datames and the father of Ariarathes and Orophernes, the second the son Ariarathes III (the third according to Eckhel's assumptions). One of these may well be given the coin, and then the first, because based on the style she could probably fit in his Epoch, up to 350 B.C. BC, fall. Against this allocation speaks that it differs from all Cappadocian coins, and rather the western parts Asia Minor to belong seems; on Coins from Isindus finds something similar Rider. Just based on Waddington's research in the review numismatique 1861, 8. 1, also has datames, of the first Aria ramne's father, coins with different types, depending on: according to struck at the mints. We now have coins: I. from Datames; silver with

Satrap coins. 269 the type from: Sinope and its Greek written, and others with the name written in Aramaic. II. Ariaramnes I; the bronze coin published here the portrait. He doesn't wear the Persian headdress, the so- called Phrygian cap made of soft wrinkled stuff, son- but a stiff, perhaps leather helmet with an overlapping ing flap, like the first Arsaces on the coins of the Tiridates. The coins of the Armenian kings Xerxes, Abdis Sarus and 8th W. have a different headdress again, one above or rather towards the back to. split cap, which on one of the series of so-called Sub-Parthian coins similarly returns, different from the later Armenian Tiara of Tigranes, which are also on denarii of M. Antonius is faithfully represented. The monogram on the coin of Ariamnes consists of the letters A, M, and, it seems, Q. Il. Ariarathes I, the son of Ariamnes, has 1) silver coins equal to those of the Datames with the types of Sinope and the Aramaic inscription Ariorat; 2) Silver coins with a god enthroned and a griffin holding one deer throws down, and with Aramaic inscription, by wad assigned to Dington Gaziura; 3) a copper coin with the Arabic maish written names and one Persian bow protect, on the reverse side a Capricorn; the copy of Royal Coin cabinet is by Dr. Merzbacher in the Vienna numismatic journal Th. III, $. 427, installed and removed been formed. According to the types and the external characteristics This coin was not minted in Cappadocia itself. The following coins have the name Ariarathes Greek written in Chinese and accompanied by the royal title, they belong so at a later time. A bronze coin, which ones in two copies with the Count Prokesch's collection ended up in the coin cabinet,

270 J. Friedlaender, has the head of Artemis to the left, a bow and quiver on the neck, and on the flip side BAZINENZ APIAPAOOY in two straight side lines next to a standing deer to the left, 15 million The types are those of a coin of Amyntas Very similar to Galatia. Finally the name Ariarathes is found on a silver coin, a drachma it seems, its paper imprint is present. The original, which I have not seen, is located in the Athenian coin trade, Mr. J. Lambros holds the Coin for undoubtedly genuine. It is very good and fine work. On the VS. are the detecting heads of a king nigin and a boy, turned to the right. She wears tiara and visual veil, he has a tall head decorated with a star jewelry. On the downside it says AOOYdYIdV ZU3VIzXV8 IvA ZHZAN ZHZZIVIZV8 ETIIPANOYZ TOY YIOY A small one in the middle seated Pallas to the left, on the In the right hand the Nike, in the left arm the lance; the shield stands behind her, leaning against the seat!). As on the coins of the Syrian Queen Cleopatra and Antiochus VIIl. Grypus has here the mother takes first place. The name Nysa comes up often again, but there is nothing of a sole Cappadocian queen known; the name of the son and the Pallas, which also on the tetradraehmon assigned to Ariarathes IV. comes, seem to indicate that this coin is also cap- is Padoean. And later the standing Pallas became more constant Type becomes, so you want this drachma of the Nysa with that one {) The illustration will follow in the next issue.

Satrap coins. 371 Hold the tetradrachmon at the same time, so that Nysa is about the widow of Ariarathes, who coined this Tetradraehmon. This coin certainly belongs to the later Ariarathes Epiphanes not. In general, the names and nicknames return here too of the kings again, the tetradrachmon belongs to Orophernes of course not the son of Ariarathes I, but the later, which in the middle of the second century v. lived. The tetradrachm named Ariarathes and the I recently saw the type of Mithradates the Great at this time- publication (Part IV, p. 10). With the coin of Ariamnes came the mint cabinets the above bronze coin of an Ariarathes, which the Royal title and the external characteristics according to a later one Epoch belongs to. The type differs somewhat from the usual from the Eappadoean, because the standing Pallas stops here not the Nike in the right hand, but the lance, the left puts it on the shield on the ground. The inscription, in two straights side lines, is BJAZINERZ APIA- PAOO(Y). The king here wears the same helmet as Aria ramnes, only it is higher. This coin from Mithradates Callinieus is similar to it Now attributed to a king of Commagene based on inscriptions

372 J. Friedlaender, Satrap coins. was divided, in the first century BC - on this The Pallas coin is completely Eappadoean. “I 'think this one Both coins belong together and are older. Finally the coin cabinet still has a coin from a mi- thridates (not Mithradates) Philo...., who also has the same Leather helmet carries, on the back side a lying club ' (in wreaths?) has !), the type of silver coins of Archelaus of Cappadocia; This too is probably Cappadocian. I'm in a hurry to get these mostly in the last few days Coin cabinet arrived to give coins to 'the material to complete a numismatics of the Cappadocian kings. 1) Beyer Th. Br. II. 8, then Eckhel I. 206, M. IV, 456 8. J. Friedlaender.

A gold stater from the Taurian Chersonesus with the nickname BACINEYOYCA and a year the Chersonese era. Under the title: “Statere d’or inedite de Chersonese Tau- rique avee.le nom d’un roi Seythe Hegetouamaros ou Hegetoua- goras", Prague 1876, published the Russian numismatist Mr. Georg von Alexeieff from the Paris collection a gold Coin from Chersonesus (wt. 7.7 grm.) of raw style (like those already known rare gold coins the city), which next to the usual types: Apollo's head to the left, in front of him Snake (not including portrait head with Lituus militaris) and Artemis with a bow and arrow on the back, which shows a transcription had to cause the just astonishment of all numismatists: in Chersonesus, the “free” city, which until the latest Imperial period remained fairly independent of Romans and barbarians, finds suddenly, like in that often harassed Olbia, ‘the name and Title one barbaric King: BACIAEOC HTETOY---PO! So deserving now this publication and the Diligence is how Mr. von Alexeieff explains the

274 A.-v. Sallet, If you try to give an overview, you have to do one after checking it exact impression of this gem of the Paris collection!) Alexeieff’s explanation as entirely viewed as wrong and give way to a new, hardly doubtful reading, which, of course, is perhaps even more unheard of and strange brings what the first describer of the coin suspected. What initially the picture is for me and probably some people which other numismatists suspected was quite certain, confirmed the impression: we are not dealing with a transcription, but the legend contains two things: behind the supposed The royal royal inscription is written large and clearly year the Chersonese era: ETOYC PO The € is destroyed by the hole, the © has gone according to the custom of that area ?2) a small dot, the © but a thick line, everything is completely clear. We have So here is the obvious confirmation of my earlier assumption: that the gold and some copper coins of Chersonese annual pay numbers 3). We own the following series: O7 (year) O.A O€ 107.4 7 AP ) 104 ETOYIC) PO 109 The year 109: falls into Vespasian's reign and is identical table with 75 AD, or at least half of this and the following 1) I owe it to the kindness of Mr. Feuardent. 2) Compare my essay on Chersonesus, Vol. I. of this magazine p. 29, Note 2. The © for O is not uncommon on Bosporan royal coins. 3) 1.e 8:80.

A gold stater from the Taurian Chersonesus. 2375 coming year, when, as can be expected, the year after Boeckh's confident assumption in 36 BC. BC). Aera of the city of Chersonesus in the usual way in autumn started. Now let's look at the beginning of the transcription. I believed first BACIAE OICHC, then BACIAE OYCHC, So to read "King Uses" because the one read by Alexeieff 7 letter is a very clear C, and the one he assumes thete BACINEOC is wrong. Behind the ©, in front of the arrow the Artemis, there is a Hasta I, to whom I, albeit weakly, but as I believe, I certainly recognize a second Hasta, therefore So not I, but Y. With the reading found BACINE OYCHC became me the probable meaning of the transcription soon becomes clear: we have it with no royal name, but with one, like usual for Chersonesus ordinary EAEYOEPAZ, in the genitive case- the nickname, of course not of the depicted Artemis, but because of the city, to do; the city here is called “the lordly” schende," and it is BACINE(YJOYCHC -ETOY[C)P© to read. The Y in brackets is not visible, but it can be in the completely informal, excessively long and through all- hand Strokes defaced Heads of the goddess hidden be. Artemis carries similar gold and copper coins on the others the city's wall crown; these and the failed or failed rubbed Y must be in the shapeless elevation of the head stuck if we don't have one for this time in Chersonesus unthinkable incorrect form Paoıksovong instead of Baoıkevovong- want to take. — Behind the Baoıle(v)ovon; seems a point 1) Koehne, Mem. de St. Petersbourg II, 301. €. I. @. H, 1. -Introd. 9%. The beginning of the Chersonese Acra is marked by an inscription by the Emperor Zeno with double data: Chersonese era and the Indiction, proven,

276 A.V. Sallet, to stand. — The monogram next to Artemis is the one on Chersonese coins of that time were common. No matter how clear this reading seems, it remains wonderful which (by the way, apparently certainly real) coin, a lot wonderful, as the behavior that does not correspond to reality courage of a Scythian king in Chersonesus, the one in the Olbian coins of Skiluros and Pharzoios, as well as in the hulking bar that is so hard on the poor town of Olbia the bear king Saitapharnes !) would have his analogues. Baoıkedovo is a city nickname, according to everything I know experts could find out, unheard of. nicknames like zvewrn, Aausreoreen, untgdzcolıg and similar ones are on inscriptions and Coins often, but those are completely different titles, nothing comes close to the energetic and the essence of a free city not entirely appropriate Royal City title BACINY- OYCHC instead of the usual EAEYOEPAZ close). If we want to enter the uncertain territory of the hypothesis, So we can probably try a historical explanation. The Conditions in the Bosporanian region neighboring the city of Chersonesus of the kingdom must be in the time when our coin and another gold coin from the city falls, was questionable to be; One began already under Nero, and later only under Trajan in a single, not completely certain in the reading of the name 1) C. 1.6. No. 2058. The city had to the Governor of the king gift, pay him tribute himself, and on top of that he was mistreated by the king. acts; Unfortunately there is a gap in the inscription. Y) The titles of the city of Tomi: TOMHFHTOPOC next to a caduceus a coin of Caligula (Becker in Jahns Jahrb. d. Philol. 1853 8. 1 u. Suppl. p. 360), as well as that of Sestini zvofa«g explained KY in the MHTPO- KY-TIONzov TOMEOC (Tomi Caracalla Mionn. $. II. 191, No. 780. [Sestini] Oil outlet gen. 2nd edition $. 27) “are still too uncertain in terms of their meaning, to be able to compare it with our coin. The KY, behind it dot, is By the way, it is very clear on the Paris coin that I have in print. Is Sestini's probable explanation »vofag correct, like that would be this transcription the closest to Baoılevovong. Not too far away Tomi and Chersonesus should hardly be given any weight here.

A gold stater from the Taurian Chersonesus. 977 Copper coin recurring purely imperial minting in Bosphorus: except a gold coin with the heads of Nero and of the Divus Claudius, a monogram from NEPQ K (Kiavdıog) from the year 359 of the Bosporan era (63 AD). Copper coins without royal names, with header and inscription of Emperor and with the usual Bosporan value numerals MH and KA, 48 and 24; then follows a single one of Sestini published a gold coin that was probably read correctly of King Cotys with his monogram and probably with the heads of Vitellius and his father and the year E=T, 365, according to the illustration given by Sestini completely undoubtedly. But then follows in line: the Bosporan one Royal coins a large gap up to Domitian, according to Koehne's ‘Musde Kotchoubey to 382 of the Bosporan Era. 82 AD ') — 'Nero should already be interested in the independence of the Bosporan people Kings shook, Vespasian perhaps suspended these kings completely dirt, and should Chersonesus, the enemy neighbor Bosporan Empire, feel about as powerful and as much as Successor of: Bosporans in the rule of those areas felt that it was in the year 109 of his era, 75 AD, in Vespasian's time, on his gold coins, which were extremely scarce lich and only in these decades (since Caligula, apparently in Competition with the royal neighbors) took the title "Royal Mistress" was allowed to settle? But I'd rather not assume where only new, completely well-preserved coins or new inscriptions bring certainty can. I just wanted to give the strange memorial like it is or at least when viewed soberly and unbiasedly appears. 1) 1, p. 229. The gold and copper coins mentioned elsewhere, ibid. p. 223, 226, 227. A.v. Sallet. Journal of Numismatics. IV 19

Miscellaneous. The famous collection of oriental coins of Colonel Guthrie, which the Berliner Münzeabinet has been purchased by Herm Prof. 'Pertsch provisionally according to the Dynasties ordered and now so despite the limited space been set up to contribute to the study of the Orientalists would be accessible. — The ancient coins of the collection, which didn't seem very important at first glance now at determination of the countless undetermined by the owner left pieces and the classification in the royal: collection as a most thoughtful, achievements rich in rarities advertising the collection; namely is the baking tric series rich and valuable. Apart from less important important pieces, like a large amount of beautiful gold coins of Kadphises, Kanerki and Ooerki, the collection contained rare units like Strato (Silver drachm), Diomedes (silver drachm), a magnificent example of the tetradrachm of Archebius (head with diadem), finally two copies of the extremely rare silver drachma of Telephus with the serpentine one Giants. The arsacids are less important, but they contain one it seems to be a new tetradrachm with a well-known ten pieces deviating head, around the time of Orodes I or belonging to his successor Phraates IV. Av».

Miscellaneous. 279 Quadrans of Q. Maximus. A few years ago he- I advertised it in a mailing from a Paris coin dealer a quadran of the Q. Maximus (Blaecas No. 145), further in the label shows a deviation. On all levels rants, which I examined has the name of the mint master this form Q’MX, A connected to M, X standing alone. My Quadrans however, shows the name very clearly Q-M/X, so A with X in ligature, not with M, which one Here the parallel legs still need to be taken into account. In the city However, in the name there is again M, as well as the A in the newer form A, although A also occurs elsewhere, at least like that another quadran from my collection of 3.93 gr. The Quadrans with Q-M/X weighs 2.90 gr., diam 38mm. and is very well preserved. Bremen. M.B. To the Countermarks of Vespasian. It's probably that Lots of all monographs, that absolute completeness they can only be reached in the rarest of cases, after-- sluggishness and corrections will hardly be absent; they are precisely the consequence of that brought about by the monograph itself increased attention to those specialties in question. Soon after the publication of my essay “Contremarken Ves- pasians on Roman family denarii” in the third volume of this magazine, were I receive messages of various kinds type makes that still for the one made by this essay further separate impression could be used. short- Finally I received further news, that the two eontremar- kirten denarii of the Cn. Lentulus and M. Fannius (Borghesi de- cada III, 8), sorry from me p- 6, 9 and 13 of the Sep. Abdr. as no longer in the numismatic museum of the Vatican Library counter available and as probably lost described had been, found again are. Prof. Ignazio 19%

I80 Literature. Guidi wrote to me about it: “It's only these days that I've had it both denarii discussed by Borghesi with the countermarks Vespasians found again and in one package together with ceontremarked pieces from the imperial period. I suspect that my predecessor Prof. Tessieri a special one Collection of countermarked pieces wanted to make ete.« 108. M. Fanmius ©. F. Contrem. &I-M, weight 3.40 gr. Bl. 229. On Lentul Contreme. M-\ES, weight 3.53 gr. very used. ‘Hereafter are the previous information deduct accordingly change. M. Bahrfeldt. hiteratar A catalogue of the Greek eoins in the British Museum. Sieily. London 1876. This second part of the catalog of Greek coins of the British Museum is by the three officials of the museum, edited jointly by Mr. Poole, Head and Gardner and an as precise as it is rich, with many achievements handbook of Sigilian numerals, complete with woodcuts. mismatic. All rows are well represented, as well Rarities and Unica, like the silver coin of the Sikeliotes, the tetradrachm of Gela with the unbearded Gelas, the (‘also located in Berlin) Tetradrachmon of Agrigento dated Artist MYP, the copper coin determined by Imhoof Piaeus, coins from Hipana, Paropus, Petra and others. The order The rows are not always kept completely evenly chronological, certainly the only scientific, but at large ranks like Syracuse are not always completely administratively

Literature. 381 queme. — The drachma of Agrigento depicted on 5. 12 with The human face on the crab is unfortunately imperfect men; a copy that I had in my hands, but unfortunately which I only kept in a drawing, showed an excellent technically executed face, but not as explained that of a gorgon; the face does not stick out its tongue. — In the illustration of the tetradrachm of Kimon, with the are- thusa (p. 177), the goddess's hair is mistaken as a letter ZA drawn, otherwise all illustrations deserve the highest Praise. — Certainly the British Museum's fame will last for a long time of the greatest Collection Greek coins preserve, but the comparison reveals precisely this part of the collection also for Berlin a very favorable result. If us Many rarities are still missing, such as: B. the coin of Sikeliotes, the Greek tetradrachm of Panormus, among others, Berlin also has some of the British culture. missing, 2. B. the silver coin of the unknown Neopolis with the types of Naxus, the beautiful copper coin of the Campanians in Nakona, the tetradrachm from Gela with the Sosipolis, the small silver coin of the same city with EYNOMIA, among others. In general The Berliner Münzeabinet can also be used for this department as well Brit. Museum almost grown, prove this individual numerical examples: London Berlin us MR. Agrigento 288 14 2: "80 Camarina 25:19 201.93 Catana 49 ..43 29.78 Gella ar 260-2 2: 58 ..40 Zankle 8 10 Messana > 19 St 28 Naxus 26 29 Tauromenium 6 5’ 45 a Tyndaris 17

282 Literature. The entire Syracusan series, including the kings, surrounded holds 723 numbers in London and 827 in Berlin. With the tireless hard work of London numismatists We can probably expect the catalog of the northern one soon to see Greece completed. A.v. 8. Catalog de la eolleetion de monnaies de feu Christian Jürgensen Thomsen. II“ game, Tome. Ill. Copenhague, 1876. 81°. 8. 288, plate 5. With this bond lies the directory the mighty Thomsen's collection in seven volumes decided to present a beautiful monument to both his zeal and understanding of patriotism that protects this magnificent treasure from fragmentation has preserved; and at the same time proof that the numismatic traditions, which had their center in Thomsen, with did not die before his death. This volume mainly deals with medieval coins from Great Britain and Ireland, as well as from Scandinavia (Appendix I) the larger German bracteates, the collection the Thaler Ineunabels (Anh. IM), a number of 'undetermined coins' zen (Appendix II), finally (Appendix IV) Mereaux, Jetttons and Weights, as well as some latecomers. Attached is a list of books, while a register takes sufficient care of discovery. After what the earlier volumes brought us, we had to we benefit from this particularly rich instruction. speak, and do not see ourselves disappointed in this hope. Namely the series of Danish coins raises to the extraordinary; a coherent line of kings from the end of the XI. up to the middle of the XII century century (1086— 1147), Olaf Hunger, Erik Ejegod, Niels, Erik Emune, Erik Lam and Olaf v. Spare, as is offered to us here, is downright unprecedented,, man will be in most universal collections in vain even a single one of them (approx

Literature. 283 those recently found by Erik Emune and Erik Lam taken) search. From the extraordinarily large number of Rarities It's just because of King John's Nobel the strange inscription Johs dei gra rex Danor. jussit me fieri highlighted at 1496. New and instructive, at least for every non-Danish numismatist, should be, among other things, what P. 86 about the relationship between Svend Estridsen and Eduard dem Confessor and Johann is said, as well as the closer temporal Limitation of coins from the times of the Danish citizens wars, which are separated here into 3 chronologically separate classes, in the time of 1286 to 1340 are set, apart from the one struck in Scania, which dates back to 1319 to 1375 fall. 'Also from the arrangement and division of the Niche style before 1076 (431 in number!) you will be included Take note of the benefits. This volume also contains information on exhibitions and corrections only minor reason. Just like the following comments here Find space. ‘No. 11819, a false bracteate of Corvei, is probably only on Becker's authority unobjectionable stayed, No. 11871 gives the Archduke Sigismund of Tyrol incorrect one club instead a command staff (Busdachan) into the Rights, No. 11928 is from Count Palatine Heinrich (D. !) 302), No. 11962-70 by the Saxon Duke Ordulf and his brother Her- man (D. p. 232), No. 12062 from Constanz, No. 12121 from Berthold, Count in Breisgau (D. 1878), No. 12147 a copy Coin of the Frisian Margrave Egbert (D. 1301), No. 12231 from Nienburg (D. 638), No. 12260 from Frankfurt a/M., No. 12332 from Stade, No. 12352 from George Brankovich of Serbia (Ljubie plate XIH, 24), no. 12353 of Henry I of Frank- rich, No. 12354 from Faldern. — A grateful addition 1) This is how I am starting my book about the German coins of the Saxon and Franconian imperial period, Berlin 1876.

384 Literature. form 5 panels with illustrations the strangest pieces. Under this are mentioned: No. 9925 Svend Estridsen from Ethelreds type, No. 10135 a particularly large denarius of the 'the same king of size a Byzantine gold coin (24 million), No. 10328 Olaf of Scania 1138-41 (where, however the text OLAF I LVDI with the illustration OLAF REX DI is not consistent), finally No. 11237 'a Wittenpfennig from Itzehoe. Without a doubt, this catalog will be alongside those from Welzl v. Wellenheim and Reichel take the place of a manual men, whereupon he to a greater extent than at least the former has a right. Which of course comes into play with every collector- the desire for possession. the. treasures presented here satisfy, This gives some opportunity offered that everyone could be spared from the K. Münzeabinet in Copenhagen. ish pieces - and among them there are by no means only the less valuable ones - on September 22nd. Up for auction in 1876 reach; they are in their own, only the number of the catalog loges specified compilation listed. EB: J. Dirks and Jhr: F. E. Hooft van Iddekinge: de muntenvond van Beets in Friesland (Special print from: de vrije frieze, 1876) 8. 18. 8°, with 1 panel. A few years ago there were beds in the West Frisian village 54 coins, strangely enough, all obols, were found been, which are based on weight (average 0.29 gr.), Factory and representation of the Utreehten from the end. of the XI. and the beginning of the XII. century. You but in 2 types, the former with a bust facing forward of a clergyman, essentially similar to the very :lack- adhere to specimens, which v. d. Chijs (Holland plate XLIV nog later ontdekte muntjes No. 3, and Utrecht Taf. XXX onzekere No. 1), the other still completely unknown species

Literature. 285 a helmeted profile head, both but their close relatives schaft demonstrated by the consistent character of the Rf., which imitated the Frisian denarii of Bruno and Egbert, between two lines of pearls!) has an inscription. Unfortunately, they are neither these inscriptions nor the transcriptions are completely clear and of undoubted interpretation, also the great effort that went into it Hn. 'Author with a faithful graphic representation of this environment Scriptures given, again only confirms how little knowledgeable in reading and writing the die cutters of that time beings are. However, those between the The letters AD of the address appear constantly in pearl lines. took space so that the obols with the spiritual bust (des heal. Martin?) from the Utrecht Bishop Andreas van Kuik (1128-1139). In the helmet head of the second type know the HH. Author a count from Utrecht, by her indicate that the count's office was sold until 1224 for 200 pounds the Church of the Holy Martin was sold to the Lords of Kuik was. H.D. (Fabretti, A.), Raccolta numismatica del R. Museo dianthity of Torino. — Monete consolari. — Roma Torino Firenze 1876. With woodcuts. Careful catalog of the very rich collection, which, Following Cohen's arrangement, also Caesar's coins, the Monetars among the Triumvirs, the triumvirs themselves, the Caesar murderer etc. contains. The collection is rich in extraordinary rarities: Arrius Secundus, Cornufius, Statius Mureus, Ventidius, etc. are present, also a Very nice example of the extremely rare Trajan resti- tuirten, correctly invented gold coin of Divus Julius 1) Hooft van. Iddekinge sees this one Type as a remnant of the co- rolingian temple, what, however appears permissible, if you consider yourself as Middle link, for example the (Bavarian) coins with the coin master's name in place of the pillars of the temple.

286 Literature. the bare head and the standing Venus. — As Fabretti the collection took over, contained they only have about 500 pieces, now 5000, a pleasing proof of the activity of the learned author offices and the care of the Italian government. BE 20» Lambros, P. 4rexdora voulouara death ueoaıwvırod Baoı- Aeiov vhg Kömgov. Athens 1876. Second edition of this one by me font already displayed earlier, augmented by one on the Greek text following French translation, as well as two still unedited Gigliati of Johann's II, 1432 - 1458. 1. en Lenormant, F., Monnaies royales de la Lydia. Paris 1876 with 1 plate. With the well-known gold coins thought to be coins of Croesus and silver coins with bull and lion heads bring Lenormant a whole range of other gold and eleetron coins in connection dung that has certain peculiarities with those so-called Croesus coins have in common, namely renew the square sum, and constructs from them a long series of Lydian kings. nigscoins: 1) Gyges 701 -663 BC BC 2) Ardys 663—- 624 v. BC 3) Sadyattes? 624—614. 4) Alyattes 614-558. 5) Croe sus 558-544. — Despite their undeniably common character Many of these types of coins are identified too precisely but always remain only a hypothesis, even more so when inscriptions loose coins, who find their best place as “indefinite” ones, associated with legendary rulers and times become. TRORN Numismaty Chronicle. London 1876, Partl. Gard ner, P., Sieilian studies (p. 1-44, m. 3 autotype plates and a tablet). Art-historical considerations about the si- eilish coins as well as in-depth investigations about the letter shapes, which are carefully arranged in a chronological folded table are compiled. —Madden, F., Jewish

Literature. 287 numismatics ete. The imperial coins, which refer to the conquest Jerusalem regarding are. — The coins of the Aelia colony Capitolina. — Arabic coins. — This is already on page 49 previously read correctly by Madden, by de Sauley for Palestinian held and misread coin in correct Reading given in the first volume of this magazine have rectified. There is no name of a “Salugdinus” (!) on it, but the full name and title of M. Salvidienus Proculus, the Proconsul of Bithynia, from whom we Already have coins with Titus and Domitian's heads. The coin So it's not "eurieuse" at all, but it is "pas de doute possible." sur lorigine de la pieee," as de Sauley, admittedly in conversation, senses, expresses. The coin has, apart from the tro- phaeen, here as on Roman coins Titus' victories in Judaea celebrate, nothing to do with Judaea and belongs to Bithynia. — Literature. — Miscella, including rectification by F(riedländer). the erroneous reading of a small copper coin by Pessinus the Cybele head. It doesn't say ©OEA IAEA, but IAEA, perhaps a feminine form of ?iAsweg. Av 8. Numismatic magazine. Vienna 1876 VIIL, first half year. Kenner, F., Greek Inedita. A silver Coin of the Pisatians, a well-known gold in very striking manner equal. The article begins: »A Pisat coin As far as I know, nothing has been reported in Elis yet.” The However, the Pisa coin series already has a large literature. First published from Prokesh in the Vienna Academy writings from 1854, these coins were copied from Bompois Cyrene, then given by Müller in Copenhagen in the supple- ment his numismatique de laneienne Afrique again Pisa restituted and recently incoming from Curtius in the previous one Volumes of this magazine discussed; the historiography is also there The actual cause of the Pisate coinage is properly discussed. — The TA on a silver coin with types and inscription of

288 Literature. But I want Zaeynthus as an official name, not as a homosexual one. noja designation ‘understand with Pale. — The small silver coin from Syros is a modern stamp found in the Berlin Mint, among the false coins, as a copper strike. Charac teristic is the failed head and the bad form V instead of Y. — The bronze coin of Thyatira with the wreaths The heads of Caracalla and Geta don't seem quite right to me dated. The transcription A CE TETACK -AV-KA-M-A ANTRQ NO" can only be read as saying that Caracalla is the Au- gustus, Geta bears the title of Caesar, even the first name: Lueius would be impossible for Geta as Augustus (Eekhel VU, 229, he I hear. J. 205). The wreath of Caesars in non-Roman times Coins are not too rare. Maxi wears it particularly often mus. Kenner, F., The Coins of Axus Cretae. The series begins with the A 3'/, restituted as a silver coin, with Apollo head and tripod. Reichardt, H. ©., An Aureus of Pes- cennius Niger. A gold coin that appears to be genuine of the Niger with seated Roma and ROMAE AETERNA them). — Trau, F., Roman Inedita. Including a medallion from M. Aurel with a seated Roma, which is crowned by Vietoria. Trau draws attention to the strange fact that that so far no Roma type this one Emperor was known. There is also a quinary of Julia Paula, the only one known to date. = Bergmann, E. v., Zur muhammed. Coin customer. — blue, O., Gleanings of oriental coins. — Luschin-Ebengreuth, A., Vienna pfennigs. Find lists and critical studies. — guard, ©. v., attempt at a systematic description d. vein tian coins. — Forchheimer, E., one thaler from the prince Syrus Austriacus by Correggio. An interesting one to cheat Imitation of the Archduke's Thaler with a German purpose Leopold of Tyrol, with one bust portrait, that of Leopold completely the same, and the one also chosen with bad intentions Transcript LEODEGARIVS ete., d.i. the h. Bishop Leodegar

Literature. 289 from Autun. The dynast Syrus of Correggio was, like one communicated document v. 1623 teaches, already in his time notorious form of bad money, whose types are knew the good “of the Reich imitated Müntz character. — Ernst, C., two thalers from the Rosenberg families. In it one only in two Copies of well-known, strange Thaler Wilhelms, »Regirers of the House of Rosenberg", in 1587 in Reichenstein in Schle- Sien embossed, with the h. Christoph on the back. — Nu- mismatic literature, therein a detailed discussion of Dannenberg's work through Luschin-Ebengreuth. A." 8. Prokesh East, Count, Les monnaies des Rois Parthes. Paris 1874-75, with 6 car types plate. Graf Prokesch, the learned connoisseur and collector gives the reasoning here Catalog of the Arsaeids from his collection. When classifying We have been to the Berlin Coin Cabinet several times deviated from the provisions of the author. The one from Prokesh under 'two kings, Arsaces V and VI. distributed row is in our collection united under the latter, that of Prokesch published the well-known Unieum, the oldest arsacid tetradrachm with Seleucid types, which Prokesch Demetrius II called Parthian There are governors, Friedlaender is due to some similarity Head tilted to assign kings to the one who is working as saces Ill., Artaban I. or Arsaces IV. Phraapatius applies!). About the completely uncertain allocations of the silver coin of “Himerus” (Plate I, 18) and the nameless copper coin (Plate IV, 36). I have already spoken “Orodes, King of Armenia” 2). — There is no king “Mnaskires”; the xai Mvaoxieng de Baoılzvg IIegIvaiov at Lucian (Maerob. 16) is Kauvaoxieng ete. to read and this Parthian king Camnaseires, who 96 years old is apparently identical to that of a secondary 1) Memoirs of St. Petersb. II, plates I. 4-9, Prokesch plate I. no. 3. 2) See especially my article on Arsaeid coins in Volume I of this magazine, r

290 Literature. Husband of Anzaze, who belonged to the line of the Arsaeids. In which In relation to this, the beardless one, which characterizes Seleuid types Camniscires (Tetradrachm at Bartholomaey, drachma in Berlin, from Prokesch's collection) cannot be decided. — Anyway become despite Prokesh’ and other writings still many puzzles and uncertainties in the chronology and determination of the arsacid series remain. A:.v. 8. M. G. Sehlumberger: Numismatique de Rhodes, avant la conquete de l'ile par les ehevaliers de St. Jean (Les Gabalas et leurs diverse successeurs). (Extrait de la Revue arch&ol.) Paris 1876. 8°. 8. 30 with 1 plate. Illustrations. The tirelessly active author presents the Rhodians here Coins of the XIIIth century Century until the conquest of the island by the Johanniter 1307 -1310), a total of 20, all copper, together, which have so far been published by P. Lambros borrowed, increased with some still unearned. The oldest, and one could say the most interesting ones are those of the Leo brothers and Johann Gabalas. That, imperial commander of the army chipel fleet, knew the reasoning behind the Latin Reign in Constantinople (1204) of the island of Rhodes and some To seize Cyeladen, and see you soon as a vassal of the Emperor (of Nicaea, Johann Ducas Vatatzes), soon as federal comrade and vassal of the Venetians who were hostile to him at the end of his life (1240), the rule was given to his brother leaving behind Johann, who she (1248) on the Genoese evening dearer lost, but later restored by the emperor likes; like the end of his reign. this is also the year of his death uncertain. One is right to write to the older of the brothers those copper pieces that only contain the family name the one he assumed also documented title Caesar included, but at the same time treat him as the emperor's servant draw. So have these coins (Plate VI, 1 and 2) — that only example of “Byzantine baronial coins, and therefore probably

| Literature. 291 Bearing witness to the actual independence of the Ga- balas - distributed on two sides and without any further mark the inscriptions: Kaıag 6 Tapßakag, Rf. 6 dovAog vov Baoı- Aswg, while his brother's (Plate VII, 3 and 4) are full of it Name with added title @&ö9Evrng, i.e. Im 6 Ta- Badas, Rf. 6 ardeveng train “Podov. They will also be from them No. 5u. 6 plate VI, the former TA in the monogram, letter. cross, the other apparently carries the family name into the win- cles of a cross (with unclear If.) shows. This is followed by a number of previously only partially published, on Rhodes frequently and nowhere else found ''coins, which all- lich the so-called bear paleological coats of arms, and completely similar factory show, namely largely square with rounded corners. About that coat of arms, which has the shape of 2 or 4 figures similar to a B man Despite many investigations it is still not clear; follows one the Codinus (around 1453) and one in Pinder and Fried- länder's contributions $. 43 attached Provençal manuscripts from Carl's VII period, would be like that these characters as rays of fire to look at; In any case, what is certain is that these characters except at The Palaeologists are only with them through the bonds of Blood-related families, the Margraves of Montferrat as well as the Gatelusi (from Lesbos and Aenos) occur, and included in the Serbian coat of arms for the same reasons. have found. Really well misplaced Mr. F. these coins in the Time between Johann Gabalas and the conquest of 1307/1310, in which the rule between the paleologists and various different Genoese conquerors was disputed and divided, Unless the Turks already established a firm footing on the island had grasped. H.D. 1) I also owe Prof. Ross No. 10 and 13 Plate VI, which he published Rhodes acquired.

292 Literature. Th. Stenzel: Numismatic studies. I. ForGe- Overview of the Anhalt coinage. II. The Brak Theater discovery from Jessen. Ill. The bracteate find from Gerbstedt. Leipzig, €. G. Thieme. 1876. 4". 8.38. with 5 tablets of coins illustrations. no The first of the three treatises included in this volume chen united are, gives an overview of the Anhalt coinage by means of one in the summer of 1875 in the main distribution Lecture given in the collection of the Harz Association. The shape of the Oral speech is retained in print, and explains some otherwise ‘strange: details, as well as the somewhat wide shape at all. The author begins with the alleged denarius of Abbot Eggihard of Nienburg and the somewhat later one Abbess Hedwig von Gernrode, whom he considered the oldest of the Anhalt countries holds. If you eliminate these characteristics, the allocation of which is not 'certain'!), this depends on age based on the half-bracteates of Nienburg abbot Adalbert (approx. 1130) at the top 2). Soon the state's mint will also open. forge, These magnificent ones are considered to be the oldest product Bracteates from the Frankleben find with the full name of the Landes (marchio Anehaldensis). The flower of the Minting art, woe behe also under his coin-rich son Bern- hard lasts, withered quickly, small and almost always unwritten Coins, mostly bracteates, less denarii, fill the next last centuries, until the second half of the 15th century. the first Dimes (by Albrecht V + 1475) appears at the beginning of the following century the oldest, by me (from the find from Cöhrau near Dessau, Köhne NF. p. 46) published ano- ny gold guilder follows. The Tha- minting, 1567 that of the half, 1 year later that of the quarter 4) you can see what I have about these coins in my works »The Germans Coins of the Saxon and Franconian Imperial period" Nos. 689, 690, 1173, 1175 said. %) Ibid. No. 638,

Literature. 293 thaler. So now the summary list is given under Her- highlighting the most important thing except for ours the national coins Eliminating time continues and at the end a short one Overview of the development since the appearance of the Thaler given. The following is a description of two bracteate finds not, as the Freck- liver, captivate with the beauty of its contents, but still our knowledge, namely the Anhalt coins of the XI. Century expand considerably. Both contain almost only written loose coins, which requires a certain courage to approach, But the author also has the required one Proven prudence, and thus accomplished his task so well, than is even possible. — The one discussed first Find from Jessen, from Schadeleben (see Schoenemann z. patrild. Mzkd. Wolfenb. 1852), consists essentially of persistent tables, then also some Brandenburg, Saxon, proud Bergisch, Braunschweig and Magdeburg characteristics, almost exclusively bracteates, the majority of which are still unknown was known, and contains its time determination specifically byreh a written bracteate of Archbishop Rudolf of Magdeburg, during most of the remaining, mostly somewhat younger coins without writing, although mostly with heraldic images see were. The Gerbstedt find discussed last is a little older, which one preferably the government of Count Heinrich von Anhalt, son of Duke Bernhard (1212-52), and us also with a highly important, through the inscription HE COOL secured bracteates of the same. Except This find also contains numerous other Anhalter bracteates those from Quedlinburg, Goslar (or Nordhausen), Meissen and Magdeburg, as well as a few English and Cologne denarii. Apart from a dubious written bracteate, the following should be highlighted: Journal of Numismatics. IV. . 20

294 Literature. perhaps from Brandenburg Margrave Konrad, especially one Rider bracteate with NIC, which is what you're after because of the diamond of the rider and in the field could be tempted for Mansfeld in To claim it, where of course the NIC is no more than usual explanation, and further bracteates with architectural representation position and ALBER—TVAE—Ri and similar. Should these but not by the Magdeburg Archbishop Albert 1205-33 come from? They are very similar to certain of his successors Villibrand, and the inscription probably doesn't allow any other option laying; Albert is actually strange because he is so heterosexual gene character. To be mentioned are still numbers 41 to 47 because of the peculiarity of having a curly head on them appears deepened, which is cut in relief on the stamp ten was. In order to finally touch on individual things, that's how it is probably the Gernroder origin of the well-known beautiful bracteates the Abbess Hedwig $S. 3 very uncertain, the inscription like Posing (XLIV, 11) gives more evidence for his interpretation on Nordhausen. $. 9 Roger von Sieilien probably has many things Gold coins minted, but no ducats. $. 10 The fake The Mainzer Thaler from 1438 and many others have Grote 'Mzstud. I, 412, cf. III, 188) so irrefutably proven, that such things can no longer be described as merely doubtful should. 8.25 On the Brena bracteate of the Jessen find (No. 63) there appear to be 3 hearts, not 1, in the shield. p. 25. The fact that Jessen is in Saxony gives the There is still room for some of the coins placed after Anhalt zen of this finder by the Dukes of Saxony have gone. Of course, there is certainty about this in the factory relatives and in particular through the 'Trebitzer Fund proven efforts of the stamp cutters, their stamps to make them similar to those of their neighbors, often to the point of deception, not determine. 8. 29, No. 7 is on target half

Literature. 295 have eagles. while the figure clearly the ball towns bar shows. The most important of the coins discussed are on the 5th Copper plates brought to view, namely all Inedita of the two finds. ED; Improvements to issue 1/2. The tablet doesn't belong, as incorrectly stated in the heading, to p. 147, but to p. 152, to Mr. Dr. Mordtmann's essay: » Persepolitan Coins«. $. 133 line 1 v. o. is presumed« to delete. p. 148 line 6 v. o. can be read: »LB. in the L traces of a letter, the L and B separated by the figure.

a

The Pamphylian inscriptions on coins. Plate VIH Nos. 1-6. A new copy of the Pamphylian inscription from Sillyon, which from Dr. Hirschfeld was sent in N), has the late Dr. Siegismund occasion to some important ones information about this dialect is given, just the inscription still remains incomprehensible. For further research It seems useful to also use the coins which Pamphylian records have to put together: they explain a lot. The three coins depicted on Plate VIII Nos. 1-3, from of the first two copies, have recently been in the coin industry cabinet came together. Since they are different types all have the same inscription ZENYUIY=Z, then this must be the case be a city name. The ending IYZ is reminiscent of that of EZTFEAIIYZ the well-known common silver coins with two wrestlers on the one, and the slinger on the other side. You have doubts that this inscription means Aspendos, and has the coin zen assigned to the Pisidian city of Selge because Selge was similar types with the inscription ZEAFEQRN, only these types Kinship is demonstrated by the close proximity of Aspen- dos and Selge enough explained. Waddington has this with you Perceptiveness and thoroughness discussed 2). He says that correctly 1) Monthly reports of the Berlin Academy 1874. P. 726. 2) Revue numismatique 1853. 8. 32. Journal of Numismatics. IV. 21

298 J. Friedlaender, The silver coins from Selge are younger than most of Aspendos; they are even copies of the youngest genus!). Eekhel had already provided other reasons for proof: that Testimony of Pollux that the Aspendians wrestler on their coins represented, and the appearance of the same wrestlers on some Imperial coins, e.g. of Maximus, with the name of Aspendos. Siegismund says about the inscription on the silver coins?): “The coin inscription contains of course the local ones Name of the city, which is most likely through the Ionians who couldn't stand the z,f and therefore had to = assi- militated, the form Horrevdog, common to writers accepted; These then came into their own when the xoıw). Aspendier himself adopted and on the coins from later time needed. Other things come too It often happens that the Greeks the dialectical differences also in the cities pronounced names, that we only get it from inscriptions or coins the real d. h. know local names. The nasal one The sound in front of the d is not expressed in the coin inscription, just as in the inscription from Syllion in ATPOTTOIEI (av9oo- 7.010) and in the Pamphylian gloss adei—=avdgi in Hesy- chius. The letter complex NY is the ending ıog with v for o, and with the expression given by the second I between ı and o audible iodine, as it is also found in domestic script from Syllion in HIIAPOIZ| (taooicı) finds. This in- writing has too in Y BONEMENYZ (6 BovAöuevog), a undoubted example of Y instead of O. EZTFEAIYZ is AZTIENAIOZ ..” ZENVUIYE is also pamphylic, and is reminiscent of Sillyon. This city lay between Aspendos and Perge, both 1) The coin cabinet also has a visibly old coin with these Types and ZEAEFION. So Selge already has it early once the types of copied from the powerful neighboring city. 2) G. Curtius, Studies on Greek Grammar IX 9.

The Pamphylian inscriptions on coins. 299 close, Perge, like Aspendos, has a Pamphylian mint inscription; So it's natural to find one in Sillyon too. And These coins certainly belong to Sillyon, because the types of the first return exactly the same on one marked CIANYENRN (Plate VIII No. 4) again!). Visible are too here as in Aspendos the Pamphylian coins the older ones. The head represents Ares or a Hero; the figure of Downside is on both copies of the coin cabinet not completely clear, but it's definitely a bearded man, naked up on a robe which is supported from the left on the hip arm hanging down; what he holds in his forward right hand is not recognizable, nor whether there was lightning in the field in front of him or a club stands upright. Better specimens will M K' Also the types of the other two Pamphylian coins decide. Stands in front of him on the left from Sillyon return to the Greek; Imperial coins from Sillyon have the head of Apollo, also the striding Apollo, and Zeus enthroned; but these types are generally used spread and prove not much; the complete identity of the bilateral types of the first coin and the Greek one crucially, all of these coins belong to Sillyon. So it remains to explain the form ZENIMIYZ. The city is usually called Syllion, but all Greek Chinese coins have ZIANYEQN, never the Y in the first syllable. Ptolemy 2) writes SiAovov, So also Jota in the first. Syllable. The same change of position from I and Y is found in Mytilene; that's where the coins and the write older writer Mytilene, Mitylene is the common cry exercise; here Sillyon is the older one, Syllion the common one. 1) Figure No. 4 is based on a completely clear example; this will said because on another coin from Sillyon the same figure but dressed and appears with boots. UT

300 J. Friedlaender, The Pamphylian coins have E in the first syllable, the Greek I; the same sound change can be found in Sekyon Sikyon, Mende Minde (MINAAON on coins), always is e the original sound (He will be back in Mende later retained). The Greek coins write always AA), but same Stephen Byzantius also has one of the Pamphylian coins simple A: ZvAsıov, and ensures its alphabetical order this simple A; Ptolemy, as already said, ZiAovov, and as G. Kramer Strabo c. 667 states, says Eustathius ad Dionysium of Sillyon: &» dvoi AA N rail du’ &vög, and further: dnhov de Orı nal Zuhnuov vo roLodrov yoadperaı. The simple A is therefore secured. So you can in ZEAYMIYZ the Recognize Sillyon's name, and in the first line of the displayed led inscription ZYAEIAKAIHIIAPOIZIMATE....VMHENE ZENVV..A V must be added to M in the last word, and for ZBAVMIIOZ (7. 3) is certainly ZEAVMIIOZ to read. The coins have the ending IYZ, the inscription 1IO& ; likewise EZTFEAIYZ also comes on rare coins next to that ordinary EZTFEAIIYZ; IOZ and IYZ are the same- valuable, as Siegismund showed. About the letter MU afterwards. Whether you work at MAFE... to the also pamphy- Italian city of Magydos can think? The third Pamphylian city inscription, from Perge, is still there dark: MANAWAZ TIPEIAZ in two straight lines to Sides of a standing Artemis. Waddington and all previous ones MANAUYAZ had read the excellently preserved copy of the Coin Cabinet (Plate VIII No. 5) states the new reading. These coins have endured a lot, one had .ANAYAZ wrong ANA®N.. and assigned it to Anaphlystos, then Perge, then Prenassos in Caria, finally Perge again. {) Pellerin gave two of M. Aurel with one A, but probably wrong, because Mionnet describes them without a doubt identical copies with AA. | j ij

The Pamphylian inscriptions on coins. 301 The coins are correct to the Greek, which APTE MIAOZ TTEPFTAIAZ also asked, so you want in MANALYAZ the native name of Artemis in Ge- see negatively. ...ANA+A... is mentioned in the Sillyon inscription 2. 29 stated. The later coins have the goddess as a conical stone between the sun (star) and the moon in the tem- pel, i.e. as a local idol. Waddington reminds us of this that Cybele, also represented, goes by the name of Hydıozıg. was honored. He spoke with his usual tactful circumspection doubtful that Manapsa might be with Men related. But since the first letter is not an M, so falls this hypothesis. TTPEIIAZ certainly corresponds to the TTEPTAIAZ of the Greek Chinese coins; one of the same, in the coin cabinet, has for it FEIPFAIAZ. In addition to those mentioned, there are also some pamphylic ones Words on coins. A rare silver coin from Aspendos the usual type in the section with very small books staben MEWETVZENVWA, and Pellerin!) gives a similar one but with EAVYAMEWNETVEZ. These are therefore two words, and not a name, as the Pape-Benseler dictionary suggests gives. MANETVZ appears in the inscription (l. 10). before. The Reading this inscription it is certain that it is sometimes different is stated, is with such small letters explanatory; her are as small as those of the stamp cutter inscriptions maintain. Hence Kirchhoff's conjecture: EAVYA be &(y)Avwe probability, although the die cutters otherwise only used to put their names on particularly beautiful coins, and these are not cut better than all the others. The y would be omitted before the A when &yAvıya is read like » in Pamphylic before d and z (see above). 1) People et villes Th. II Plate 70, 6; the inscription is shown; Mionnet Plate XXXV 169.

302 ; J. Friedlaender, The symbol A M or MH, which is often found on coins and appears in the inscription is still obscure. On the coin from Perga it begins the word, in ZENVMIYZ it stands between- two vowels, in .. AZATY... (line 15 of the inscription) between- schen two consonants; a consonant can it not to be; It's probably not that bad either, because this is stated in the coin's inscription from Aspendos the usual form F; is the aspiration sign in. the inscription H, like HIIAPOIZI shows; according to the shape The first letter in question looks similar to H, only it stands between Z and T, and in the one to be mentioned shortly FW it appears as an independent letter. In order to research the Pamphylian dialect to give whole numismatic material, that's it for me now present !): the silver coins from Aspendos almost always have on the side of the wrestlers letters, usually two next to each other, rarely just one; on a particularly beautiful, which one has great genius as a symbol, says APV. The two books staves are usually a vowel and a consonant, rarely two Consonants, e.g. AP. The position of the two letters each other seems to have been indifferent, on a coin It says OTT and on its reverse side TTO, found on a coin A®, on another ®A, FK and KF, FU and UF. OTT shows that these are not numbers. The F is quite common, also the M, which here has the form N and often next to one other vertical letters are slanted slightly to the left. on- sometimes it says L®, Z appears several times in the inscription APZYPOTAI if it is gamma, then L will also be gamma. Some bronze coins from Aspendos also appear to be pamphy- lish too to be; one with the slinger the silver coins, and on the side of the same © ®, others with the front part of one horse and on the back side a device (Plate VIII) in which one 1) The well-known silver coins from Side, with Phoenician inscriptions in which contain some Greek letters do not belong here,

The Pamphylian inscriptions on coins. 303 a blanket who represented the saddle wants. To pages the same stand two alternating letters © ©, E ©, M 6, A M, i.e. in the same way as those just discussed letters of silver coins; a definitely Pamphylian book However, I haven't found any sticks here yet. The right one allocation of these coins, which ones earlier after the individual letters different cities (Othrys, Ethnestae, etc.) were allocated, we owe again Sestini, he pointed out one, which one for the same types the Greek name from Aspendos. The Pamphylian silver coins from Aspendos begin very early, according to the external characteristics around 500 BC. BC, her have spherical shape; the guys are a fighting hero, and on the reverse side the triquetrum. The inscription is short, EZ, then EZT, later EZTFE. One of these oldest coins with the warrior and the triquetrum, which here is from a lion is accompanied, in the British Museum, has EZ'. This will Siegismund's assumption (8.298): EZTFEAIIYZ is to As- pendos have become confirmed, but it is also proven that Already in the oldest times the M_was used instead of the TF. Also the oldest with the wrestlers still has EZT. The complete inscription appears first on smaller ones silver coins with a rider and a boar, then the following follow ordinary with the wrestlers; the great mass of them appears belong to an era, but some differ significantly Lich than younger. Your quantity is amazing if us too know how important Aspendos was. The common genus has in the at least quite lively and good drawing figures, in the shape of the letters and in the external ones Marks something non-Greek. In contrast, the pamphy Italian bronze coins from Sillyon and Perge are entirely Greek Styles. Perge later minted Greek silver coins. J. Friedlaender.

On the numismatics of the kings of Pontus and Bosphorus. II. On the peculiar appearance of a purely imperial I have already discussed coinage in the Bosporan Empire earlier Opportunity to discuss a gold stater from Chersonesus brought to attention. The certainly dated coin of the Bosporan Empire without Any mention of the king is the gold stater: HAf. Head with laurel wreath to the right (divus Claudius). Rf. Head of .Nero_with wreath to the right, behind it a Monogram from NEPQ K, Neowv KAavdıog or Keioco !), below ONT (359 of the Bosporan era, 63 AD). 4.Paris. Close this one Nero's copper coins coincided with the Bospo ranic value designations 48 and 24. It's not too doubt that the complete absence of the royal. picture and monogram or name political significance has. It is well to note, that just in that year (63 AD) one purely imperial coin of the Bosphorus occurs, in which Nero deposed the king of Pontus, Polemo II, and took over the country 1) Certainly not K as the first letter of Cotys. See Koehne, Mus. feces schoubey II p. 226. The NM of the monogram is perhaps just the one on the too Royal monograms ordinary connecting line.

A.v. Sallet, On the numismatics of the kings of Pontus and Bosphorus. 305 made a province !\. We know as far as the story goes Those areas are known, nothing more precise about the fate sale of King Cotys I, the brother and traitor of Mi- thradates. He was appointed by Claudius in place of Mithradate Kings of the Bosporus installed, but all his coins with him Nero's head shows lower ones in a pretty continuous row Data: NT, BNT, ANT, ENT, SNT, ZNT, as the gold coin Nero's without Cotys’ monogram of the year ONT; So it's very likely that Nero did too in 63, like his Pontic colleague Polemo II, effective or, as Koehne also suspected, limited. First under a later emperor, after Nero's death, occurs again Cotys' royal monogram appears, very sporadically on a stater of the year E=T (365=69 AD), as can be seen means with the heads of Vitellius and his father, the Cen- sors 2). Then there is another big gap, the strong one Vespasian's government accordingly, which was several times Asian Cities and kingdoms took away their autonomy 3). Into this gap The gold stater from Chersonesus discussed above falls from the year 109 of the Chersonese era, 75.n. BC, with which certainly the depossessed or restricted Bosporan kings Despite the proud inscription chosen: XEPoo»joov BACINE(Y) OYCHC ETOY(C)PO. The gap in the Bosporan coin series ends with that Gold stater Rhescuporis' II (between 79 and 87 AD) with the Name and head of the king and the head of Domitian along with it 1) Mommsen, active Thraciae etc. (p. 163). Suet. Nero 18. Eekhel D.N. II. 356. Cf. my contributions to the history, etc., of the kings of the Bosphorus, etc. p. 76. 2) Sestini, Lettere II 170, plate II 23. Koehne I. c. 8. 227. Those of Sestini Class. gen (II) 62 only briefly mentioned gold coin with BZT is obvious erroneous and identical to EST. 3) Suet. Vesp. 8. Achaiam, Lyeiam, Rhodum, Byzantium, Samum libertate ademta, item... Ciliciam et Commagenem ditionis regiae usque ad id tense, in provinciarum formam_redegit.

306 A.v. Sallet. the year BTTT [382 of the era, 86 AD). This coin - offers a striking innovation: while all previous kings of the Bosporus since Asander her monogram, but never you image on which gold coins were allowed to be placed suddenly appears here- head and full inscription of the king'). Here too there is again numismatics gives a quiet but clear hint us to suspect the otherwise unknown history of these areas lets: we saw that the row of gold coins started with Cotys' 1. Monogram and the copper coins suddenly through one in Nero's imperial influence is interrupted; then, as after After Nero's death, the general uproar broke out and the empire collapsed split into parties, Cotys dared to mint again in 1969 with his monogram and two Roman heads, perhaps the Vitellius and his half and half consecrated father. Under Vespasian's powerful rule disappears any influence Bosphorus, but the limp Domitian allows the Bosporanian The rulers not only used the usual monograms embossed in gold, but the image and inscription of the kings on the gold staters. From now on, this imprint will remain under the strong emperors. Just one more time a purely imperial one occurs in the Bosphorus Embossed without mentioning the king. Hf. MEERTT . . .. KAICAPOC CEBACTOY head Traians with wreath to the right. RF. M H Vietoria with wreath and palm tree. 92. The inscription is not at all clear on the Eleetrotype, But Traian doesn't really seem to be the emperor to use the more appropriate name M. Ulpius, a mistake that 4) An exception would be the one Koehne unfortunately only mentioned briefly, but not described gold staters of the Bosporan Mithradate (Berl. Bl. etc. quarto volume 4852—62 p. 27) with the royal portrait. — But Koehne rightly points out (p. 25) out, that Mithradates he did this because he lived in enmity with the Romans, Mommsen agrees with him (Constitutional Law 767 note ?2), 2) Koehne Il. e. 8. 243, D ERE BT E He PER

On the numismatics of the kings of Pontus and Bosphorus. 307 can be explained by the great distance of those countries from Rome lets. I find it highly unlikely that Traians The reigning Sauromates H. (92/93 - 124 AD) made this coin “plein d’admiration pour Trajan”. We have though Safe coins from Sauromate from the first year of Traian onwards There were no major interruptions until the year of Traian's death, but The present coin does not seem to me to be royal, but rather than being a provincial imperial coinage, perhaps in a part of the Bosporus that does not belong to the Sauromat. The calls king yourself though yourself Paoıdleüg BaoılEwv Death rravrög Boorrogov !), but it is known how little importance high- have impressive titles. The line that certainly belongs to King Sauromates II - the coins with Traian's head receives through two well- The pieces in the Berlin Museum are a small enrichment and correction. An extremely rare one depicted by Koehler? tene bronze coin with the heads of Trajan and the king was previously only known in completely rubbed copies), with illegible royal inscription. In the Berlin Museum is a pictured here very clear example this coin with the full royal name, the M H is not written like it is on it Koehler's copy under, but distributed next to it completely Traian's clear and well-characterized head. This beautiful coin and a second one from the Berlin Museum correct another one by Koehne under No. 12 p. 244 (Plate. 1) Köhne Le 98 298. C.T. @. No. 2123. 2) Serapis II, plate X no. 9. 3) Koehne 1. ce, $. 244. Catalog Lemme No. 228.

308 A.v. Sallet, XIII, 47) described, which ones the name of the BACINEYC CAYPWMATHEC next to the Curulian Chair and to Koehne Hadrian's half-length portrait on the back!). The ones shown here The coin in the Berlin Museum clearly shows Traians Head, from the same stamp as the one previously pictured, and The comparison of the Petersburg electrotype has shown that This coin depicted by Koehne also has the head from the shows the same stamp, so it is not Hadrian but Traian. Sauromates Ill., 175-211 AD The gold staters of this king with M. Aurel's head are very rare. A new addition to this small series is the... Mr. v. Alexeieff?) made known stater with M. Aurel’s head and the year BOY (452 of the Bosporian era, 176 AD), the second year of the king. In the pantheistic figure of the king's bronze coins: standing wreathed bearded man with club, trident, armor and boots ?), I would like to recognize the king himself. This, Pantheon The figure mentioned is obviously the main one out Poseidon and Heracles composed, while however the Tanks on Ares and maybe the shoes on Hermes (or on Perseus?) may go. But the head with long hair is so similar to the king, the enduring attributes of these kings 1) There is a printing error in Koehne’s text. In the headline it says “Hadrien” in the description “Trajan”. 2) Dissertation on a monnaie inedite d’un roi ete. Indeus etc. Paris 1876 p. 33. Plate no. 6. 3) Koehne I, ce. p. 387.