Zeitschrift für Numismatik, vol. 4 — 1877

Alexandrians of Plautilla. 149 calla all have his father's counting years Deverus. An explanation of the so noticeably sparse Alexandrian Coinage under the emperors of the Severan House is not yet there found; but it certainly has in imperial orders and not, as Huber thinks, in the hostile atmosphere of the inhabitants of Alexandria their reason; because such administrative 'Things like coinage depend on monarchical states never from a subjective mood of the peoples against him princes, but simply follow the orders of the authorities ity. But that the inhibition or at least the limitation of Alexandrian coinage a sign of unfavorable disposition the emperor of the Severan House was against the Egyptians, seems safe. A.v. Sallet.

TSSESSON. This Byzantine Greek word on two gold coins that of Emperor Leo IV Chazarus (775-780) is one of the old ones Riddle of numismatics. After strange explanations had been tried, Eekhel said: quid signifies barbarum verbum nemo hactenus idonee explicare potuit, and knew more nor the two writers who wrote the Byzantine Have treated coins in detail, Sauley and Sabatier, yes that one the latter passes this question in silence. This one right have delicate coins on the front the busts of the Emperor's deceased ancestors, viz Leo III Isaurus and Constantine of the V. Copronymus, with the legend LEON PAP? CONSTANTINO'S PATHR. Also other emperors have to honor their ancestors, their images Coins shown with. On the downside are those in power emperor, Leo IV and his son Constantine VI. on one One coin depicted enthroned, on the other in half-length portraits; the The inscription on both reads LEON YTSSESSON CONSTAN TINOS O NEOS. Harros and series lead to see in YS viög, which ones the grandson as ö v&og closes. This connection Courage I've had for a long time - because VC is a common one Abbreviation for viög, is confirmed by the fact that a copy of this coin in the catalog of the Levy Collection, owned by

J. Friedlaender, YSSESSOoN. 151 Turin Academy, TOSSESSON has '). So the coin calls the four emperors PAP?, PATHR, YOS, O NEOS, and the The two Leo and the two Constantin had the same name the occasion, them through the kinship designation to differentiate. If TS and YOS are separated, that's how SESSON remains. To I can't explain this word, but 0&000g is not rare Byzantine word for throne; Representative zoo oeßaoum- varov 08000v appoints Constantine IV, Pogonate, as he in the Sessions of the sixth ecumenical Coneils not himself seems, and E. A. Sophocles 2) gives: other examples for the use of this word. It is the Latin word sessus, which is also used in the same sense at this time. How the aceusative 08&000v is to be explained remains unclear: The Narrowness of space on the coins - and on this coin are the inscriptions quite long - made some elisions and Abbreviations are necessary that would otherwise not occur. Too silent, that even in the first imperial times on small Asian coins the names the emperor often in the aeccusative case without a verb: their images stand, I just want that on Byzantine coins remember not rare MVLTOS ANNOS, thereby expressing the zoAvgooviLsıv. SESSON would explain itself even more simply: if you it should take o&00wv as part of the party, alone one like this Verbum is not known. To that of the two coins on which the reigning The emperor and his co-reigning son are shown enthroned, Such an inscription fits best. 1) Ch. I, 8. 207. 2) Greek Lexicon of the Roman and Byzantine periods, Boston 1870. J. Friedlaender,

Persepolitan coins. About ten years ago a category of coins emerged which until then only appeared in individual copies, as indeterminable ‘were pushed aside; than but that Numismatists have several copies and in different varieties It was recognized that actions were available them immediately as such, which were minted in Persia at the time of the Arsacids; man gave them the name “sub-Parthian coins,” a name which is justified in several respects, but not creative enough to immediately characterize it as what they really are. Other numismatists called you » east ira- niche coins", a name relating to the residence of the Parthian great kings in Ctesiphon on the Tigris also had his own It is justified, but it is also not exhaustive. From the Locations where they are found most numerously, namely- However, from the legends of the types it is undisputed that that during the entire period between the Macedonian rule schaft and appearance the Sassanids in the landscape Pars (Persis) were coined, and only in individual short ones Interstices symbols of Parthian suzerainty or more direct Dependence on the Parthian kings showed. Through the last coins of this genre, which are of the type and the The character of the lettering is directly reminiscent of the oldest Sassanid Connect coins, arises further, that the dynasty,

Dr. A.D. Mordtmann, Persepolitan coins, 153 which she let shape, either those of direct ancestors or at least the legal predecessor the Sassanids was. In Considering these results I have achieved with certainty the name '»Persepolitan coins« elected, a Name that is not entirely free from controversy, but but at least shows the homeland of the coins quite accurately, without any political conditions the mint lords to pre- Judeiren. However, Persepolis, the capital of Persis, was reduced to ashes by Alexander the Great and is in all probability Apparently it has never been rebuilt since then; there- against rose at a very short distance from Persepolis the city of Isstachr, but not under the Sassanids was the political center of gravity of the empire (this was in Ctesiphon on the Tigris), but probably the national and religious capital Persia remained until the Muhammadan conquest. Against the name But “Isstachrian coins” would be the ear of the Europeans and the eye of the numismatist raise concerns, I can't get over what I'm saying. The late Prof. M. Levy in Breslau met on first occupied with these coins and in the XXI. gang the magazine of the German Oriental Society detailed work about it. published; the older ones Ent- Attempts at numeration by E. Thomas, the Due de Luynes, etc. are to be regarded as antiquated, as they are only found in individual specimens. plans have been made and therefore no satisfactory solutions have been could deliver results. But Levy’s work isn’t enough either more, especially since he himself says at the beginning that he only has it from a paleographic point of view, and yourself not allowed into numismatic and historical discussions; He also only had a few copies available. I have had opportunities other than those known by Levy There are about 150 other coins made of this type in the 'Cabinets of S. Alishan, Count Prokesch-Osten,, Fr

154 Dr. A.D. Mordtmann, Clement Sibilian, Subhi Pasha like that as in ‘my own Cabinette to investigate, among which not only several the uncertain legends the one already known pieces determined, but also yourself a number of new types and newer ones Names were found, thereby establishing the series of rulers of Pars from the times of the Seleucids to the Sassanids almost can be completely reconstructed. It also follows that that even the oldest coins in this category are not Phoenician have legends, but Pehlevi legends, and thus as the oldest monuments of this type of writing can be seen, one Conjecture that Levy already expressed. In the following descriptions I come to results, which differ in some points from Levy's interpretations, partly because I better use preserved copies could, but mainly because I am of the opinion that one should Persian coins have to look for Persian names, i.e. names which can be found in the Persian onomasticon or at least let the Persian language explain what the people of M. Levy interpretations put forward not always is the case, while the names as used by Edw. Thomas appear, far rather on corsairs from Madagascar or Sumatra, than on Iranian rulers shut down. The final compilation results in 21 mints for the designated period, which is an average re- indicates a gestation period of 18-20 years; the names of three I couldn't determine them because of their types on the four available copies either none at all or presented completely illegible legends; moreover, I can through- from not claiming that I have all types, i.e. h. Coins from I have seen every king of Pars; all in all I have at most Seen 200 coins from this dynasty; as well neither does the order in which I listed them be completely error-free; but we are in the same situation here as

Persepolitan coins. 155 in the Bactrian coins; they show us royal names, about which has no written document, no other thought times gives us information and we have to determine it Order no other guide than the type, the character of the lettering and sometimes the name of the father, whereby Errors inevitable are. The current one Work is allowed therefore only seen as a first attempt be to the to construct the history of Pars during this period, including which must be reserved for further coin discoveries. to correct the errors and fill in the gaps. First period. About the cessation of Macedonian rule in Pars until the conquest of Pars by the Arsacids. l. Bagakert I Ne-4; Hf. Head of the king, to the right, as in Levy T. I fig. 2. Without legend. Ief. The king sitting on a throne. to the left, in holding a scepter in his right hand and a cup in his left. In front of him is a flag representing the owner of the coin, Mr S. Alishan, namely, like me. seems to be right for the apron skin, well known from Persian history Blacksmith Feridun holds, under which the same the riot against the tyrant Zohak. After he met the tyrant killed, he was proclaimed king by the nation, and since then remained this apron the oriflamme of Persian empire, until it fell into the hands of the Arabs in 636. In of history leads the name 8 “B,0 (Direfsch-i cavian) or. "'us8"x! (Achter-i Kavian). Legend, Exerge: ©1253 Bagakert a left: X A(T) zag re ei 0

156 Dr. A.D. Mordtmann, Bagakert is a compound name; Baga "God", and kert, neupers. 2.5 is “done” “created”; it is i.e. the same name that later took the form Jezdegird. The word zag I already wrote about it in my essay the Parthian coins of Pars explained; it means "son" “Descendant,” as I proved there from several examples have. Alohia, Syriac Wan] “divinus”. So Zag Alohia is the same formula, which later comes to the nose. Sanid period Mino Chetri men Yezdan was called, which means the same thing. indicates. AR. Gr. 4!/, Cabinet 8. Alishan. II Bagaraz, son of Bagakert I. #2. Hf. and Rf. like No. 1. Legends, right: x19u%8 1132 Bagaraz Feritkara Exerge: [more noble! Bagakert Bi.2. left: xrbr a1 Zag Alohia The name Bagaraz appears already in Ctesias Fragm. 44. 45 (ed. A. Lion, Goetting. 1823) under the form of Bayöpatos, and means “confidant of God”. Levy considered the second word to be the older form of Pehlevi- word patkari, neupers. 'sus "portrait", but already in the In Persepolitan cuneiform inscriptions the word has the form pati- kara, so that nothing justifies the insertion of the r- is finished. But the word appears on all coins of the first Period before, while later the Semitic word T>% for it melek or x55n malka appears, and obviously has to- mean the same; So it was close to the word padishah think, but not on a single coin, so many freedoms one wanted to allow oneself with the legend is such a thing Transcription permitted. However, the word is from Persian

Persepolitan coins. 157 language easily to explain; on “ or AIR means “Creator” in the Pehlevi and Sassanid period Parssy scripts, from the root par, which is native to the Armenian In cuneiform inscriptions the verb “make” is used, and in Latin The verbs paro, pareo and pario were formed. Called The kings whose coins we are discussing here are something like this On a Parthian tetradrachm a great king see the title xTiorng settled? Or was it even the oriental idea, that kings descend from the gods? Learn from the second line of the legend we, that Bagaraz was a son of King Bagakert I. AR. Gr. 4. Cabinet of Pat. Cl. Sibilian, who made this coin acquired in Bassra. Note. Mr. Sibilian later sold his coins: but since I If I don't know who bought it, I'll be like everyone else here Mints that he brought back from Persia as being in his cabinet clearly state. No:+3. The one described by Levy pag. 425 and T. I fig. 2 off formed' coin of the British Museum. Legend, right: 37. 8n>0S5 7153 »Bagaraz, ruler of Nach- left: Ron “Come of the gods”. AR. Weight 16.62 gr. No. 4. Like #2. Legends, right: [R]9>0[N]8 7132 »Bagaraz, Ruler, % Exerge: ana (son of) Bagakert, left: 8DR 37 “of divine race”. AR. Gr. 4. Cabinet S. Alishan. s. Fig. Ill. Bagakert II Ar. The one described in Levy pag. 425 and T. I fig. 1 off- formed coin.

158 Dr. A.D. Mordtmann, H/. King's head, to the right. Rf. A large fire altar, on his left the king spreading the right hand in a praying position, in a long to robe reaching down to the feet and with the same headgear deekung as on Hf. To the right of the altar is the imperial flag Legend, right: ©2323 »Bagakert En Exerge: RWroR AT R75070 »Ruler, from god-‘op of the same gender” J he IV. Ardeshir Il. No. 6. The one described in Levy pag. 427 and T. I fig. 12 ab- formed drachma. Rear head of the king, to the right, with a proprietary headgear, the tip of which rests on the forehead and far fall down onto the neck. A bandage covers the underside lip and chin; a thin mustache on his upper lip. Rf. as on No. 5. legend, left: Tapmmns »Ardeshir 15 Exerge: moR 57 89502 »Ruler, from bits of the same gender” I 5 AR. 3.9 gr. British Museum. Nope. 7. Same as number 6. legends, Exerge: "owron[s]| »Ardeshir, & between altar and flag: [8%>]uonp »Ruler, 'ah left: mon 37 »out divine gift- R bad «. . AR. 2.52 gr. British Museum. (Levy, p. 427 and valley. FT Re. 14). 5 No. 8. Same as #6. Legend, Exerge: NOWronR “Ardeshir” p. Fig. 7.

Persepolitan coins. 159 AR. 2.09 gr. British Museum. (Levy, p. 427 and Plate I fig. 15). V. Zaturdat I, son of Pakrad. : No. 9. Af. like No. 6. RF like No. 6. Above the Feneraltar there is still the picture of Ahuramazda, to the left. The king supports himself with his left hand on a bow. Legend, between flag and altar: Y7o7 »Zaturdat R.E Exerge: NToN "the god."] ie I put this coin in front, because they have the name of the mint in full clarity, which, by the way, also still returns in the second period. The meaning of the name is easy to determine. In Burhan-i Kati’ we read: -0) »;%; Zuhre, one of the five planets; his name is also Anl Nahid." Zurich is still the oriental name of the planet Venus; the addition of the Persian lexicographer but identified the Greek Aphrodite and the Roman Venus with the Persian Anahid or Anaitis, as is well known with Ahuramazda and Mithra the triad of Persian religion in the second half the Achaemenid period formed. Normally is Zathur or Zuthra the Old Persian and Pehlevi form of the modern Persian 52,, and the name Zaturdat corresponds in this one Relationship to the Greek Artemidorus. AR. Tetradrachm. Cabinet Subhi Pasha. ; No. 10. Like #9. legends, left: O77107 »Zaturdat, u Exerge: Ar 82002 »Ruler, son of on “r ? >D on) on both sides of the flag: him “Pakrad” “ The name of the father is not mine sure, there the four Characters that make up it are very ambiguous, and I

160 Dr. A.D. Mordtmann, I only know a second copy with the name on it of the father occurs, so that the award is only very small provides help. Both names, however, Zaturdat i.e. “from the Anaitis given”, and Pakrad, indicate an Armenian descent of the mint; the latter name, according to Eastern Armenian pronunciation Bagrat, is also known that of an Armenian prince dynasty, the Bagratids, which have their origin, just like that Bagration family in Russia, who were killed by a Jewish military captured by Nebuchadnezzar, more correct though probably comes from the natives of Armenia, as the name “God Mercury” means. AR. 3.93 gr. British Museum. (Levy, p. 426 and Plate I Fig. 5.) No, Pt: Like #9. legends, left: UTMOT »Zaturdat, Exerge: mbar Ar ansunp »Ruler, of God gender, between flag and altar: [7128 “(the son of) Pakrad”. 8. Fig. 10. AR. 16.90 gr. Cabinet des medals in Paris. (Levy, pag- 426 and plate If. 4.) There is still a 1 between the altar and the king, true- wu apparently what is missing in the name Pakrad . No:! 12. Like #9. Legends, between flag and altar: (alamor »Zaturdat < Exerge: A17 BEEF »Ruler, from god- » left: mew “of the same gender”. I z /R. 3.43 gr. British Museum. (Levy, pa®- 425/26 and Plate I Fig. 3.) | ||| | ||

Persepelitan coins. 161 Nm. 18: Like No. & Legends, between flag and altar: (aTn]or »Zaturdat I Exerge: [XjW>ofno] »Ruler - no left: illegible. Be AR. Gr. 4!/,. Cabinet S. Alishan. No. 14. Like #9. Legends, . left: _u1or »Zaturdat m Exerge: os A7 8205 »Ruler, from God's Be Gender ea between flag and altar: [7]19» “(Son of) Pakrad”. ' = Furthermore still between the king and the altar a 7, true- apparently the missing 7 in the name Pakrad. AR. Gr. 7'/,. Pat. Sibilian, the the mint in Firuzabad acquired. No. 15. Like #9. legends, right: [u]Goal »Zaturdat = Exerge: 8 37 872008 »Ruler of God- 'ap left: x rm “of the same gender”. j R. 16.70 gr. Cabinet Due de Luynes. (Levy p. 426 and Plate I Fig 7.) No. 16. Like #9. Legends, between flag and altar: in front of »Zaturdat, 'Exerge: 875008 »Ruler, left: 8m[DR 37] "of divine race." AR. 16.90 gr. Cabinet Due de Luynes. (Levy, p. 426 and plate I Fig. 8.) No..17. Like #9. Legends destroyed. AR. 4.1 gr. Cabinet Duc de Luynes. (Levy, p. 427 and Plate 1 Fig. 13.) Journal of Numismatics. IV. 11

162 Dr. A D. Mordtmann, No. 18. Like #9. Legends, between flag and altar: U7mMDT »Zaturdat] Exerge: 850% “Ruler”. j) AR. 16.75 gr. Cabinet Due de Luynes. (Levy, pag- 427 and plate I Fig. 10.) I own an identical piece. see Fig.15. No. 19. Like #9. Legends, between flag and altar: (olsnmaor »Zaturdat Exerge: 8>andD “Ruler.” AR. 16.9 gr. Cabinet Due de Luynes. (Levy, p. 427 and plate I Fig. 11.) VI. Nersi, son of Zaturdat I. No. 20. Like #9. legends, Exerge: 10% »Nersi top left: or At wasunn »ruler of god-| «S legal gender, | “. top right: 2 »Son al to the right side: 07 »of the Zatur- & to the left side: 97 “that.” AR. 16.49 gr. Cabinet des medals in Paris. (Levy, pag. 426 and plate I Fig. 6.) No. '2r. Like #9. The legends, however, are not so clear; guess- So it's a counterfeit coin. legends, left: oO »Nersi m Exerge: x">un[n2] »Ruler | B.A i \ DOT of Zaturdat e on both sides of the flag: m. _ ; 2 "Son." a AR. 16.5 gr. Cabinet Due de Luynes. (Levy, P-426 and Plate I Fig. 9a.)

Persepolitan coins. 163 i No. 29; Like No. Legends, ai an indistinct remainder of the name ».... Exerge: (mb) Ar RasunD »Ruler of divine Genders on both sides of the flag: 97197 3 “Son of Zaturdat”. The name Zaturdat is very clear on this coin. AR. 16.4 gr. British Cabinet. (Levy, p. 426 and Plate I Fig. 95.) (0.6) 'Ep ever a No. 23. Like #9. The legend forms two circles, of those the outer one forms the beginning, the inner one forms the end. Outer circle, left: 718% »Nersi Exerge: 37x90" »Ruler, Descendant P right: 5X »of the gods SD Inner circle, left: "a »Son. des he Exerge: A ummıor "Zaturdat, descendant" Apparently the word MR is missing at the end according to the order arranged on this coin between the flag and the altar should have stood, so that if the legend would be complete, the word m5x on the right page should have stood twice, namely once to the right of the flag and once between the flag and the altar; The die cutter probably liked this repetition kept superfluous, roughly as you would now in the list of quantities of the same kind only once the sign or word sets, and the following numbers have goose feet or with a do. is content. A Gr. 9. , Weight 16.44 gr. Cabinet Prokesh-East. Like #9. no legends, left: 70% (somewhat unclear) »Nersi Exerge: illegible. between flag and altar: before “(Son of) Zaturdat”. AR. Tetradrachm. Cabinet Subhi Pasha. 11

164 Dr. A.D. Mordtmann, No. 25. Like #9. legends, left: mo” »Nersi Exerge: wapunn >»Ruler right: a7) ma(r) “son of Zaturdat”. AR. Tetradrachm. Cabinet Subhi Pasha. No. 26. Same as No. 9. _ Le&enden destroyed. AR. Didrachm. Cabinet Subhi Pasha. | No. j Like #9. j legends, left: mo(n)> »Nersi Exerge: 2 »Son - right: a{y) only "Zaturdat." AR. Gr. 1. Cabinet Subhi Pasha. No. 28. Like #9. Legends not available. AR. 15.43 gr. Cabinet Due de Luynes. (Levy, p. 427 and plate I Fig. 16). | No.:.29. Same as #28. A. Gr. 18 millimeters. In my office. No. 30. Another 2 at m Cabinet $. Alishan, without legends; MR Gm 9, 9,0204, Here I have to be able to close the first period, because on the following coins the Imperial Spaniard disappears, and is through one simple column replaced on which one bird stands. Also occurs on the place of the word NDUND Feritkara uses the word x>5n Malka “king” as a designation the rank and title of the mint owner. Between these two. | | IM & il Periods probably saw the supremacy of the Arsacid Mithridates I | | | | | | | |

Persepolitan coins. 165 (144—136 before Ch. @:). be, woe but only from seems to have been short-lived and difficult to overcome extended the duration of his successor's reign. Second period. VIII. Manavaz. No. 31. Rear head of the king, to the right, with a strong beard, but without a mustache; the head is with a low cap covered which ones at the same time protects the neck; on top of the Cap a reclining crescent. Earrings and similar things forge not available. Without legend. Rf. A fire altar, from whose midst Ahuramazda emerged- sticks out and stretches out both hands, head turned to the left; to the left the king dem. Facing the altar and the right raised to prayer. To the right of the altar is a pillar on which one looking to the left bird stands. Legend xobn mım "Manavaz, King." (see Fig. 20.) AR. Gr. 2, Cabinet Subhi Pasha. The name Manavaz is in the history of those times and Countries not unusual ; from the Armenian cuneiform inscriptions ' A large number come from King Minuas; the name Manavaz is very common in Armenian history. Taeit. Ann. XV, 1. knows a king of Adiabene, named Mono- bazus; the same name becomes: with Joseph. Antig. XX, 2nd and at Dio Cass. LXII, 20 Movößakog written. ar NE 92. Same as #31. legend, left: m »Manavaz Exerge: 8550 “King”. AR. Berlin Cabinet. The legend as described in Levy Plate I, Figure 17 is so unclear that that they only after the

166 Dr. A.D. Mordtmann, previous coin (No. 31), woe betide exactly the same type shows, could be interpreted. No. 33. Same as No. 31. Legend, Exerge: 'n T1n "Manavaz M(alka)". AR. Gr. 18 millimeters.. In my closet. No. 34. Same as #31. Legend, Exerge: T%2(n) Manavaz. AR. Gr. 4. Cabinet S. Alishan. No. 35. Same as No. 31. . Legend, Exerge: T>n 1(%%) Manavaz Malk. AR. Gr. 3'/,. Cabinet S. Alishan. No. 36. Same as #31. Legend, Exerge: » T1(2n) Manavaz M(alka). AR. Gr. 2. Cabinet S. Alishan. No. 37. Same as #31. Legend, Exerge:: >> T1(0) Manavaz Malk. AR. Gr. 1. Cabinet S...Alishan. No. 38. Same as #31. Legend, Exerge: x>>n 7120) ManavazMalka. AR. Cabinet Subhi Pasha. No. 39. Without legends, three pieces. AR. Gr. 3!/,. Cabinet Subhi Pasha. IX. Tiridat Il. No. 40. 'Type equal to that of the coins of Manavaz, with the one The only exception is that the crescent is not on top of the cap, but at the back of the head. RF Legend, Exerge: vo Tirdat | left: x>(6n) Malka. | = AR. Gr. 4. Cabinet S. Alishan.

Persepolitan coins. 167 No. 41. Without legend. AR. Gr. 3'/,. Cabinet Sibilian. No. 42. Without legend. A Gr. 3'1/,. Cabinet Sibilian. X. Zaturdat I No. 43. Hf. Head of the King, to the right, with goatee, without moustache, the head covered with a close-fitting cap covers, which is wrapped with a diadem. On top of the Cap a crescent. RF like No. 31. legend, Exerge: uTmor »Zaturdat | ie left: son "King." | * ie. 22. AR. 15.5 millimeters. In my closet. No. 44. Same as #43. legend, Exerge: vya(r) »Zaturdat left: xo5n "King." A Gr. 15.5 millimeters. In my closet. No. 45. Same as #43. Legend: 759 um(or) Zaturdat Malk. AR. Gr. 4. Cabinet Subhi Pasha. No. 46. Same as #43. Legend: var Zaturdat. AR. Gr. 4. Cabinet Subhi Pasha. No. 47, Same as #43. Legend: x>(5n o)mo(r) Zaturdat Malka. AR. Gr. 17 millimeters. In my closet.

168 ' Dr. A: D. Mordtmann; No. 48. Same as #43. Legend: x»2(n) a{mıur) Zaturdat Malka. AR. Described and illustrated in Levy, Plate I Fig. 18. No. 49. Same as #43. Indistinct legend. AR. Gr. 4. Cabinet Sibilian. I also have two fake coins from this one Type, which is a clumsy replica of the real coins deliver, and even in this capacity the word malka un- generally clearly stated, while the name of the mint owner is frightening. is literally mutilated. I hereby conclude the second period and switch gears here the coins of Orodes I, Phraates IV, Kemathra and Ra- damsates one. Third period. The imperial flag and even its surrogate disappear completely lich from the lapel. From now on, the obverse is the head according to the mint owner facing left, and the costume equals completely of the Parthian type. XI. Darius I, son of Zaturdat U. Into two types. First type. No. 50. H/f. head of the king, to the left, with mustache and Goatee. The head is covered by a high Parthian tiara is set with pearls and has a crescent moon in the middle; hanging flaps cover the ears. The bust is covered by an embroidered coat. Rf. Small fire altar, almost like a candle on a Chandelier looks like. To the right of it a high priest,' according to

Persepolitan coins. 169 left, holding a scepter in his left hand. The priest is with us dressed in a long robe. This representation is running the legend in four rows, and reads: NASA UTmoT *na Rob RT "Darius, king, son of Zaturdat, king." Levy read the name of the mint lord Dakin, and From a graphical point of view there would be nothing wrong with it, especially sometimes there is a Jaxng mentioned in Zosimus IIl, 27, who is in the Battle of Hukombra, 363 after Ch. G. fell; Dakin would have been nau the Greek aceusative from Jaxng to modern Greek Pronunciation. 'But apart from that at Ammian. Marcell. XXV, 1 the same satrap Adaces is so represented Aarng not the personal Dakin, but the one on Pehlevi Seal very common names Tag and Tagi, while Dakin should read Sexilvng in Greek. With the many clarity of the characters and especially on the coins of these Period so it probably wouldn't be too much of a risk if I the letter b which means sometimes d, sometimes %, sometimes r, here for an r, and the last letter of the name for a », like that that the name is Därjar. In this case we would have here the transition from the Old Persian form Därjarush the New Persian o1, lo and 1.10 For the previously used word for "son", namely zag, appeared alongside the Semitic word as early as the second period malka "king" the Semitic word bar; but without that disastrous characters, which on the present Coin appears for the first time, and about its meaning Files are not yet closed. The Persians read it. as it was really written that way in the later Pehlevi | will, presumably already since the time of the Sassanid king Chusrav II: ; Silvestre de Saey, M. Haug and others read it just like that, while Thomas, Levy etc. only have one “or A” in them behold. My view on this sign is still another

170 Dr. A.D. Mordtmann, Kind, but I'm afraid I'll be left alone with my opinion, and since this is not the place for this subject anyway disseminate, I'm content with that. thus the presence des character to be indicated by a *. The word itself for "son", reads S. de Saey boman, Haug benman; I read it cash*, namely according to the Aramaic way, without me about that enigmatic signs at the end continue to trouble us. AR. Illustrated in Levy Plate II Fig. 2. No. 51. Like #50. Legend: ba umor *na non TMI87 "Darius King, son of Zaturdat King." AR. In Levy, plate II Fig. 3. No. 52. Like #50. Legend: Ton ummr a Ran 84 "Darius King, son of Zaturdat King." AR. In Levy, plate II Fig. 4. No. 53. Like #50. Legend: vR(T)mar *na Ta RT AR. At Wilson, Ariana Antiqua Pl. XV, No. 2. No. 54. Like #50. Legend: Ta vmor *na tone 87 AR. Gr. 17.5 millimeters. In my closet. IE.08. Like #50. Legend: Na5n before *na nobn TIRT AR. Gr. 4!/,. Cabinet S. Alishan. No. 56. Like #50. Legend: x95n (u)mo(rn aa tone 87T R. Gr. A Cabinet S. Alishan. No. 57, Like #50. Legend: x250 us(mar *na ton) RT) AR. Gr. 4!/,. Cabinet Sibilian.

Like Persepolitan coins. 171 No. 58. No. 50. Legend: xobn ummor *2 Tbn aa drachma. Cabinet Subhi Pasha. No. 59. No. 50. Legend: ...... or na Ton aa drachma. Cabinet Subhi Pasha. No. 60. No. 50. 'Legend: x35a van(sur) *aa) Tb anf drachma. Cabinet Subhi Pasha. No. 61. No. 50. Legend: Ta (m)TTIar *na Tb TaRı drachma. Cabinet Subhi Pasha. No. 62, No. 50. Legend: ba urma(r *na ba Taxı Gr. 4. Cabinet Subhi Pasha. No. 63, De. 50, Lexind: ....... a tone RT Gr. 31/,. Cabinet Subhi Pasha. No. 64. No. 50. Legend: ....humor *a2 aba TR Gr. 3!/,. Cabinet Sibilian. No. 68. No. 50. Legend: oa (UjTTar *ma abo ar Gr. 21/,. Cabinet Sibilian. Acquired in Shiraz. No. 66. Mr. 50. nurturing: .....ii PLACE Gr. 2!/;. Cabinet Sibilian. No. 67. No. 50. Legend: ..... —. BlM...... ) IR Gr. 2!/,. Cabinet$. Alishan.

172 Dr. A.D. Mordtmann, | No. 68 1 Like #50. Legend: ''89......ka Non RT) | AR. Gr. 2. Cabinet$. Alishan. I | No. 69.. y Like’ No. 50. Legend: 890 2... aRT) N R. Gr. 2. Cabinet S. Alishan. | | Nr, W. Like #50. Indistinct legend. AR. Gr. 1!/,. Cabinet S. Alishan. No. 1. | ; Like #50. Legend: x>>n RT I) AR. Gr. 1. Cabinet Prokesh-East. MM. 72. Like #50. Legend: PR87 | AR. Gr. 1. Cabinet Sibilian. | i Re. 2. I Like #50. Legend: x>5n (u)Tmur (‘a Ton) PART) i' AR. Gr. 1. Cabinet Subhi Pasha. ii No. 74. | F Like #50. Legend: Tan ummor 2 a 997 | II. AR. At Gobineau in the Deutsche Morgen magazine | country society vol. XI, p. 702 Fig. >. No. 75. Like #50. Legend: Tan around... R. Same there, Fig. 7. It's probably wrong. Second type. Hf. Same as No. 50; A monogram also appears the right side. | Rf. Without change, like No. 50. |

Persepolitan coins. No. 26 173 Ff. Monogram Ä Rf. Legend: vDI(n)ar 1a Ta RT) A Gr. 2! —3. Cabinet$. Alishan. No. 77. Same as #76. If. Monogram Ä AR. RF legend: T>n.... Gr. 1!/;. Cabinet Subhi Pasha. No. 78. Ni, among others Same as #76. Hf. Monogram indistinct. Rf. Legend: 8359 uTmar *na nIbn PaRı AR. Gr. 3. Cabinet Subhi Pasha. XII. Ardeshir II, son of Into two types. First type. No. 79. Hf. like No. 76. Monogram 7 RF Same representation as No. 50, but reversed, so that the priest is on the left and the altar on the right. Legend (very unclear): ..... NT I TODD) (see Fig. 24). "Ardeshir, son of Darius." AR. HY. RS Gr. 21/,. Cabinet$. Alishan. No. 80. Monogram 2nd Rf. Legend: Gr. 2!/5. Cabinet S. Alishan. No.:8t: Monogram 9 Zf. Legend .... Gr. 11/4. Cabinet$. Alishan. NT. 82. Monogram Ä 9 Darius]. ea OR Legend: ... 2 x>5n AuormAir Gr. 3!/,. Cabinet Subhi Pasha. EN

174 Dr. A.D. Mordtmann, No. 83. Hf. Monogram A. Rf. Legend: xs>n Tovra (MR) . At Gobineau, 1st e. Fig. 6. Second type. No. 84. Rear head to the left with wall crown, on the right the mono uig: & R/. As on No. 50, i.e. the priest right and the Altar left. Legend: 25a Rn *93 T>a Toprons (see Fig. 26.) "Ardeshir, king, son of Darius king." As for the coins described in the first type (Nos. 79-83), zen seem to indicate only as a guess, gets through this and the following coins his full confirmation that Arde- Schir II was the son of Darius I, as is also the case by name. The first type of his coins corresponds exactly to the second type who joins his father's coins. AR. Pictured at. Levy, plate II Fig. 9. No. 85. Hf. Without monogram. RF legend: Ta TaRlı) "2 na5n Novo (MR) AR. Illustrated by Levy, T. I Fig. 10. Wilson, Ariana Antiqua Pl. XV, No. 3. No. 86. RF legend: xabn TR77 *72 8590 NODmunk AR. Coabinet Prokeseh-East. No. 81. Hf. Monogram A. Rf. Legend: Ta Ta(7) *12 8950 MOmuns (see Fig.27.) AR. Gr. 20 millim. In my closet. n \h} hhh h

No. 88. Hf. Monogram #. RF legend: ..... 2 8250 No) wrTanR) AR. Gr. 4!/,. Cabinet$. Alishan. No. 89. H/. Monogram A RF Legend: x35n.. — ..Son uW..... MR. Gr. 3. Cabinet Subhi Pasha. Persepolitan coins. No. 90. Hf. Without monogram. RF legend: To (ras(a) “na Ton OrTEnR) AR. Gr. 2. Cabinet $S. Alishan. No. 91. Hf. Monogram A. fx Legends... .... .. = Bl, AR. Gr. 17 millimeters. No. 92. In my closet. 175 Hf. Instead of the monogram, on the left side the symbol bol 4. ff. Legend: (x>b)’a ART *a bu MNOoron{R) AR. At Gobineau, 1st e. Fig. 1. Hf. Without: monogram. R. Gr. 2. No. 93. Cabinet S. Alishan. No. 94. Hf. Without monogram. Kf. Legend: Tbn *a (xob)o m At Gobineau 1. e. Fig. 2. Hj. Without monogram. Bf. Destroyed legend. AR. Gr. 2. No. 95. Cabinet S. Alishan. KRf. Indistinct legend. ...0%.

176 Dr. A.D. Mordtmann, WE XII. Jezdegird I, son of Ardeshir I. I In three types. First type. No. 96. Hf. Profile to the left with wall crown and ruffled head hair; a Grenetis only covers the head, but not more the shoulders and chest. Rf. Figure of the king on the left, looking to the right; in front of him star and crescent, without pearl edging. Legend: So (m)unr na mob mom (see Fig. 28.) “Jezdikert king, son of Artahshetr”. AR. Gr. 41%. Cabinet S. Alishan. No. 91: Rf. Barbaric legend. You can tell. ...m'd... AR. Gr. 5. Cabinet Sibilian. | No. 98. Rf. Barbaric legend; you only recognize 12 bo them) R. Gr. 5. Cabinet S. Alishan. No”99. Hf. Almost nothing of the legend can be seen. AR. Gr. 15 millimeters. In-my cabinet. No. 100. Rf. Almost nothing visible. AR. Gr. 2/,. Cabinet S. Alishan. il No: 101. \l 4 Rf. Indistinct legend. AR. Gr. 3. Cabinet Subhi Pasha. | No. 102. IN RF legend: Paam (?) | At Gobineau, 1st e. Fig. 9.

Persepolitan coins. 147 Second type. No. 108, Hf. The Grenetis surrounds the entire character. RF As with the first type, but in reverse order voltage, d. h. the king on the right, the crescent and star on the left. Legend illegible. AR. Gr. 1Y,. Cabinet 5. Alishan. Third type. No. 104. Rear head with wall crown, to the left. RF- Only ©. Legend: won a (To um (see Fig. 29.) “Jezdikert king, son of Artahshetr”. AR. Gr. .4!/,. Cabinet Sibilian. No. 105. Bf. Lögende: ....IE DB... AR. Cabinet Subhi Paseha. No. 106 Bf: :begende: -.. ur... Dia: AR. Gr. 2. Cabinet S. Alishan. No. 107: Lef. Indistinct legend. AR. Gr. 3. (Cabinet Sibilian. No. 108. ff. Indistinct legend. AR. Gr. 4: Cabinet Subhi Pasha. XIV. Darius II, son of Ardeshir I. No. 109. Hf. Bust after left, with diadem and cap; strong Head hair, braided back. Journal of Numismatics. IV. 42

178 Dr. A.D. Mordtmann, RF. A triquetra. Legend: (9 a = ba mans Is. Fig. 30.) "Darjav, king, son of Artahshetr." AR. Gr. 41/,. Cabinet Subhi Pasha. No; 148. RF legend: (uwrunr a) Ta Im87 AR. Gr. 4. Cabinet Subhi Pasha. Nope. 211, RF legend: Ta valley) AR. Gr. 2!/,. Cabinet Sibilian. No. 112. RF legend: ....R a (Ta 87 AR. Gr. 5. Cabinet S. Alishan. No. 143; RF legend: (soon 87 _(see Fig. 31.) AR. Gr. 21.5 millimeters. . In my closet. | I own. another coin where you can put it on the obverse Legend x25n 7%... reads, and a bust on the lapel left, without headdress; on the left the monogram &. A. 20 millim. The coin is probably fake. cure NEN, Since most pieces of this type have no legend at all, and only two pieces one very. short and unclear legend show, so I am unable to tell the name of the mint owner to be determined with certainty. The two imperfect lives - dings show some similarities 'with the name Manavaz, but I only present this conjecture under all possible assumptions. keep on. | No. 114. Hf.. Head to the left, with diadem and cap; on the Cap a crescent and star. g { { i

'Persepolitan coins. 179 RTF. The figure 32 reproduced symbols. AR. Two copies in Cabinet 8. Alishan. Gr. 2 and 115, and 2 in the Cabinet Sibilian. Gr. 2. RF legend: Manavaz (?) (see Fig. 33.) AR. Gr. 3. Cabinet Subhi Pasha. No. 116. H/f. The cap something higher, than on sub No. 114 and 115 described coins. AR. 4 copies in the Cabinet S. Alishan, Gr. 2!/, and 1, and in the Cabinet Sibilian, Gr. 2. No. 117. Rf. Legend s: Fig. 34. AR. Gr. 2!/;. -Cabinet Subhi Pasha. xıiE NN No. :118: Af. Bust to the left with diadem and miter: right X ff. Two concentric Circles. Legend see Fig. 35. The following coin lord is a son of Jezdegird, and in the That offer the lettering the legend, namely in the last Half, multiple elements of this name, so that we We are probably not mistaken if we consider the present coin to be one Attribute to Jezdegird II. But since I only have this type a single specimen has been seen, that's how I want it Don't attach too much importance to this assumption. XVH. Minutscheher I, son of Jezdegird I. Net. Hf. bust to the left, with diadem and tiara; on the middle the tiara a Crescent: and 'Star: strongly curved Eagle nose. 12% 64

Fe TERENE EoeresinlS 180 Dr. A.D. Mordtmann, | Rf. Bust to the left, with diadem but without tiara. | Legend: won *2 whether etc (see Fig. 36; in | The father's name has the two letters = and d contracted). »Minutsehetr Malka Bar Jezdikert«. »Minute seer,. King, son of Jezdegird «. In Levy, plate II Fig. 8. No. 120 RF legend: 1% (?)° " Minus- Hf. Legend: T" =23 (2?) .tschetr Malk. In Levy, plate II Fig. 6. No. ‘12T. Hf. Legend unclear. RF legend: x>>(n) Malka. In Levy, Plate I Fig. 7. No. 122. Hf. Without legend; Kf. Illegible legend. AR. Gr. 2. Cabinet $. Alishan. No. 123. D/. Without legend. Kf. Indistinct legend. AR. Gr. 17 millimeters. In mine. Cabinet. No. 124 Hf. Legend: 8°......- (Ma)lka »......King« RF A high cap with rounded and forward curved tip. Legend: &bn..... > »Minutsch (etri) Malka« (see Fig. 37.) AR. Gr. 5. Cabinet Sibilian. No. 125. Hf. Without legend; R/. Indistinct legend. AR. Gr. 4. Cabinet Sibilian.

Hf. Persepolitan coins. 181 No.:. 126; Legend: uon.... (Jezdike)rti Gr. 4. Cabinet Sibilian. No. 127. Legend:- (&>5)n am) (Minu)chetri Ma(lka) Gr. 4. Cabinet S. Alishan. No. 128. Without legend. . Rf. Legend: vs 2 "m[in) Gr. 2"/,. Cabimet Subhi Pasha. No. 129. Legend: (8>)5n u31(3%) Without legend. At Levy Taf. H Fig. 1. No. 130. Begende: m Cabinet Subhi Pasha. No: fat. Without legend; no crescent moon on the tiara. End: 85.5, Gr. 2. Cabinet$. Alishan. No. .132, Without legend. Letter: Mom Is. Fig. 38.) Gr. 3. Cabinet 8. Alishan. No: 4133, End: 32%. "D)....... Gr. 3. Cabinet S. Alishan. No. 134. Without legend. Z/. Illegible legend. Gr. 2!/,. Cabinet$. Alishan. No: 185: Legend: ..3% RF-zbegende:: BEER... Gr. 2!/,. Cabinet S. Alishan.

182 Dr. A.D. Mordtmann, No. 136. Rf. Indistinct legend. AR. Gr. 2. Cabinet S. Alishan. No. 137. “Rf.. Legend: 89...” AR. Gr. 1'/,.. Cabinet Subhi Pasha. No. 138. Without legends. A. Gr. 1. 'Cabinet Subhi Pasha: No. 139. RF.. Legend: ..n na aan max. AR. Cabinet Subhi Pasha. : N.148. Hf. Illegible legend. If. Legend: rental number AR. Gr. 3 (false coin). Cabinet S. 'Alishan. XVII. Minutscheher I, Grandson of Minutscheher I. No. 141. Rear bust to the left, with Parthian miter and diadem; in the middle of the miter crescent and star. | Legend: xoba "main (see Fig: 39.) Minutsehetri Malka “Minutesheher, King”. RF The same bust, but the miter is slightly lower. Legend: xbn a "una "DI (see Fig. 39.) Nafı Minuchetri Malk Malka “Grandson of the Minutscheher, King (of Kings?) «. The son of Minutscheher I is probably still there died of his father's government, like the big arrival pay up coins of the latter (I have described 22 pieces). a fairly long government shutdown. AR. Gr. 6. Cabinet S.- Alishan. No. 142. Hf. On the right in the field is a triquetra. Without legend.

Hf. AR. Hy. AR. Persepolitan coins. 183 x559 "os Minuchetri Malka’ 'Size 15 millimeters. In my closet. No. 143. Legend: (xob)n win: Without legend. Gr. 4!/,. Cabinet Subhi Pasha. No. ‘144. Legend: » "on[n) ae Legend: xon | Gr. 13 millim. In my closet. No. 145. Legend: xo5n Legend: on "in... ‘Gr. 7. Found in Sehiraz. Cabinet Sibilian. No. 146. Without legend. Z/f. Indistinct legend: Cabinet Subhi Pasha. Ni; 14 Without legend. RF legend: "Ain Gr. 13 millim. In my closet. In Edw. Thomas: Numismatice and other antiquarian illumination strations of the rule of the Sassanians in Persia. London 1873, A coin is shown on Pl. I Fig. 4, which is probably lich Minutscheher I. is to be attributed: but I have several (Reasons to consider this coin to be fake. XIX. Ardeshir IIL, son of Minutscheher I. No. 148. Hf. Bust to the left, with diadem and tiara. Legend: ° xobn (M)vwro(ne) Artahshetri Malkah (see Fig.40.)

Dr. A. D. Mordtmann, Rf. Bust to the left, with wall crown and rays. Legend: xobn. (m)oasa 22 Bar- Minutschetri Malka "Ardeshir, king - son of the Minucheher king." (see Fig. 40). | AR. Gr. 3. Cabinet Sibilian. | | No. 149. Hf. Legend: Tan M...- RF legend: ...» aaa AR. Gr. 4. Cabinet S. Alishan. No. 150. Hf. Legend: » owrons »Artashetr M(alka) « Rf. Head with wall crown, to the left. Legend: ...»m *2 AR. 25 (English) grs. In the British Museum. Pictured with Thomas .l.e. Pl. I, Fig. 3. No. 151, Rf. Legend: - 18... AR. Gr. 1. Cabinet Subhi Pasha. No. 192. Legends completely destroyed. AR. Gr. 3. Cabinet Subhi Pasha. No. 153. Hf. Legend: 0 NO (POPPY) RF legend: x5(n) Mon "a AR. Gr. 3!/,. Cabinet Prokesh-East. XX. Tiridat H., son of Ardeshir II. No. 154. Hf. bust to the left, with Parthian tiara, 'on whose Center a crescent and star. Without legend. Rf.. Bust to the left, with diadem. Legend: x>5% uno »Tiridat Malka« (see Fig. 41.) AR. Cabinet Prokesh-East.

Persepolitan coins, 155 No.-155. Hf. Legend: Tuono "Tiridate" RF legend: Waon)unr *%2 “Son-of Ardeschirc. AR. Depicted in Thomas, 1st e. Pl. I Fig. 5. With these last two coins that you see through the cha- racter of the writing corresponds exactly to the oldest Sassanid coins close, I finish my catalog. However, as the very youngest coins, we are still allowed to use them those who on the one hand have greater rights the picture of Babek, and on the other side the image of his son, the first actual Sassanid prince Ardeshir I. show. Both lead on these coins ‘den Title Malka "King", like Babek ouch in: the inscriptions in the surrounding area The royal title is attached to the area of Persepolis. It seems So that Papek (Babek) is the immediate successor of Tiri- dat: II. was, and. that he still has his son Ardeshir as his own accepted as co-regent during his lifetime. After the victory Ardeshir's about the Parthian king Artaban IV, where- in which the latter lost his life and the Parthian empire collapsed menbrach, entered Ardeshir, until then Ardeshir IV, King of pars, now as Ardeshir I, as »King of kings of Iran and Turan", as founders of the Sassanid dynasty, where- through the coins described in this treatise with the Sassanid coins can be directly linked. Accordingly the story is formed from Persis to Throwing off Macedonian rule as follows: t) Bagakeit 1. 2) Bagoraz, son of Bagakert I. ) Bagakert 1. ) Ardeshir 1. 5) Zaturdat I, son of Pakrad. ) Nersi, son of Zaturdat 1. ) N.N.

# 186 Dr. A.D. Mordtmann, Persepolitan coins. Conquest of Pars by the Arsacid Mithradat I, around 140 BC, birth. 8) Manavaz 1. 9) Tiridat 1. 10) Zaturdat II. Suzerainty of the Arsacids among the great kings Orodes I Phraates IV and among the Umerktälg Kemathra, Radamsates, in all about 50 years from 30 B.C. BC to 20 AD “Then autonomy again. 11) Darius I, son of Zaturdat II (?) 12) Ardeshir IL, son of Darius I. 13) Jezdegird I, son of Ardeshir II. i 14) Darius II, son of Ardeshir IT. ' | 15) N.N. (Manavaz II?) ' 16) N.N. (Jezdegird 1. ?) 17) Minutscheher I, son of Jezdegird II. 18) Minutscheher II, grandson of Minutscheher I. 19) Ardesehir HI., son of Minutscheher I. 20) Tiridat II, son of Ardeshir III. 21) Babek 'Papek), father of first Sassanid princes Ardeshir I Dr. A.D. Mordtmann.

The Arnsberg coin find. In January 1875 there was a building in Walpke-Thale near Arnsberg. barrel with several hundred coins, when old oak trees are cleared, been found. Professor Pieler has a report on this over in the monthly magazine the Rhenish-Westphalian Society Department of historical research and antiquity, out- given by pick, 1875 p. 194. reimbursed, which one me: here add some further news. Part of the find is immediately from the workers had discovered him, had been wasted. The Royal. District Court However, zu Arnsberg soon intervened and took the coins demands, and the king. sent in to the coin cabinet, 500 to . 600 pieces. I only describe the rarer ones in detail, these are available for viewing in the coin cabinet. I. Turons. The very rare one Büderich near Wesel, +NROATN-BODRIAAR . One with +WILBERTVS DE. As far as I know, you have not determined yet. Essen, Abbess Elisabeth of Nassau 1370 — 1413. Jülich, Wilhelm VI. as count 1339-1356 and as duke 1356 — 1361. 7 pieces. Oldenburg, Konrad HI. 1368 - 1386, like Grote Coin Studies II, p. 100, but on the present copy. stands

J. Friedlaender, CONES. It has an engraved small stamp, on the one hand a decorated cross, on the other hand a coat of arms shield with three rafters. France, Philip the beautiful one 1285-1314; Charles IV 1321 — 1327, one piece of each. Burgundy, Robert II. 1272 - 1305. According to this finding, Many Dutch and only two French coins zen, this Turon wants to go here, not to Bar include. 11. German coins. The majority of the find consists of Stralsund shields lingen, there are more than 100; There were some among them from Rostock, a few from. Güstrow, Neubrandenburg, Friedland in Mecklenburg, and one by Malchin. The latter _be- I write: Neubrandenburg: 3 AIVITNS 3 MNGNOPOS “Crowned Bull's head from the front, with his tongue out and one Hint of the neck. Rf. SMONATA 3 BRAM=BO In the field a cross, in two each of its angles is a star. BRARDABO has a second copy. Friedland, 3 MONRATA 3 VRADALAN The bull's head like above. RF QIVITAS 3 MACNOPOL In the field a cross, in which one star at each angle. A second copy has a cross in the middle a small circle contains a star. Malchin. OAIVITAS ARI (for dni) D WEARLA Crowned Bull head from the front. Rf. +*MONATA MALCHIR In the field a cross, in which In the middle there is a small circle containing a star.

The Arnsberg coin find. 189 Also the following German coins: Prague groschen, most unrecognizable, some from Wenceslaus IV 1378-1419 with TARAIVS As a whole 17 pieces. Cologne, Archbishop Dietrich I. 1414 - 1462, Albus, 9 pieces. Trier, Archbishop Werner, 1388-1418, Albus. Berg, Duke Adolf I. 1408 — 1437, with his bust, and with five coats of arms in a quatrefoil on the Bf. Albus, 4 pieces. Mülheim, Emperor Sigismund 1411-1437. Palatinate, Ludwig II. Albus with A-D-RAaaAXXXVIU- Limburg on the Lenne. Only some of the following denarii are from Mader (contributions VI, 8..176). Grote (Hannover sheets for coin studies IH, p. 113) and several by Serrure (Revue num. belge IH. series, ‘Th. VI, 8. 325 plates XIV and XV) published. Everywhere the Count is presented here, he wears a wreath-like crown, and is armed. The M usually has a shape similar to the N or U. formal form, I use N for it. Since the numismatics the names: “to the right” and »linkshin« always in the generally understandable and general my usual sense needs, this would cause confusion if you look at isolated descriptions of coats of arms here according to heraldic fashion, these designations were reversed, as it was Heraldry does right in its area. Should Numismatics also does this when describing a plant has to use botanical technical expressions? Despite all the honor for the ingenuity and the learning of the Lord Dr. Grote I can't follow him if he was all call it to the right, call it to the left.

En Y I | 143 Bi 190 J. Friedlaender, Count Wilhelm I, 1397 — 1449. WILN-QAZLI’ Tilted Shield with one to the left agile upright lion, which has a double . has a tail. On the shield is a helmet, turned to the left, The crest forms an egg branch with five leaves. Rf. NONATA LINB?” A triangle with small roses decorated tips divide the circumference. In this triangle .is a big rose. Not in the writings mentioned published. WILN Ad DA LINB’” hip portrait of the count from the front, on ‘the’ On the chest a small shield with a lion in the right arm the sword, holding up the rose with his left hand. Rf. NONATA NO’ LINBVR The rose in the field. A second copy is slightly different, you can see WIL LI?B’, and the count holds three roses in his left hand - one stem. Deviating from Serrure plate XIV,.5. WIUN? GC’ DA LINB’” Hip portrait of the count from the front, on on the breast the shield with the lion, in the right arm the sword, the left hand downwards. Rf. NONATAR NO’ LINBVR The rose in the field. Serrure Plate XIV, 6. \ WILNW CO? DA LINB’ Hip portrait of the count from the front, in right arm the sword, the left on the one in front of him standing coat of arms. Rf. NONATA NO’ LINBOR’ In the field the rose. 3 pieces. In the inscription slightly different from Serrure Blackboard XIV, 7 and 8. The same guys marked WILM” COM’ DA LIRBO and MONATA NOVA LIRBVRO’. 4 pieces. Here The M in moneta has the ancient form, all the others have the form 82. WILNVS CO--- DA LIB?ECS Hip portrait of the count, in the right Arm holding the sword at an angle, the rose in the left. Rf. MONSTAR ROVAR VS The rose in the field.

| | Ä The Arnsberg coin find. 191 On 'the. On the front, the CS is incomprehensible at the end, there Comes is already in front. The Lf. is a little embossed, "VS it's safe, there's room for that for four or a maximum of five books staves. i Count Dietrich VI 1397 — 1439. Albus. +DIDARICK-AO?-DA-LINBOR? Bust portrait of the hot Peter from the front, with a small cross in his right arm with a long handle, it seems he didn't hold the key in the left. Rf. NONATN-NOVA.BROAK Decorated trefoil, in it the heraldic shield with the lion. Grote a. a. O. Board VI, 126 and Serrure plate XV, 14.. Our copy of this probably rare coin from Bruch the Ruhr is better preserved. The following coins are denarii. DIDAR’ Grava Tilted shield with the lion, on it the helmet, whose adornment is two oak branches, each of five leaves. Ff. NONOTA RALINARVSQ?’ The rose in the field. 3 pieces. Rellinghausen on the Ruhr. Serrure plate XV, 13. DIDARICOR GRAVA Hip portrait of the count from the front, on the On the chest is the shield with the lion, in the right arm Sword. kf. NOWATA NO’ RALIRLARVSA In the field the rose. 10 pieces, from those some RALINARVS and Ra Have LIRAKV. Serrure plate XV, 1t. Mark, Count Engelbert III. 1347-1391. ANGALBART? AOM? MAR’ The shield with the eyesight beam, above h. kf. MONATA hKOTMAG Three leaf clovers on one stem on an ornament like © dimes of fine silver 18 milligrams.

192 J. Friedlaender, Hattingen "is said in documents Hatnegge or Hatneghen (see Wilman's Westphalian document book Th. IE, No. 1607 and Eehard Regesta), and similarly on coins. Another coin The same Engelbert with the same types is in Hanover Browse for Coin Science II, 8. 368 Plate 25 No. 383 published; she has money IN LON, is therefore from Iserlohn. Accordingly the clovers have no connection to these cities (that Coat of arms of Hattingen is a S. Georg), but like Grote dares, to the branch which the count has on other denarii who holds Mark in his hand. Jever. +NONATA-DA-IAVAR:: Lion, erect, left- turned towards. Rf. +IAVAR-IN-OSTAMARING Cross, the middle of which four small circles is educated; stands in the corners .IaVd. Groschen of fine silver, 18 millimeters. This coin, but with different inscriptions: +MO NETR Da IAVR Ihd and IAV+IN----ARINGAN is in Merz- Village coins and medals Jeverlands p. 24 no. 3 published. His guess that Easter rings is meant by our copy confirmed, alone on this one stands really Easter-ering, a letter missing, maybe a cross, like it is also in the wrong place on Merzdorf's copy. III. Foreign coins. Brabant, John IV, 1414 —1427. Big penny, van the Chijs, Brabant and Limburg Plate XIV, 8. Flanders, the ordinary broad groschen of Louis I. de Male 1346-1384; Johann, 1404 - 1419, 61 pieces ; Philip II the Good 1419-1467, 16. Pieces. Hainaut, Grosen from Valenciennes from William VI. 1404 — 1417, see van der Chijs Holland and Zealand,

The Arnsberg coin find. 193 Plate IX, 17; Jacobea of Bavaria 1417-1433, ibid Plate IX the last; John IV of Brabant 1418-1427, ibid. plate X, 4. Zurich. SANTTVS RAROLVS Charlemagne in regalia sitting on a column throne. Rf. + NOMEOTA -NO’- TRVRIAOMSIS The coat of arms in one arch-shaped decoration over which the eagle stands. So-called fat man. Compare Haller, Swiss Coins I, p. 225 No. 414 and 415. The inscriptions are clear on this specimen, the types not entirely recognizable. The oldest coins found are the Turons of the French . Roman kings, the youngest being that of Ludwig III. from the Palatinate with the year 1438. Through this becomes the conjecture of Professor Pieler confirms that the find was from the The fall of the Ruhr Valley during the Soest Feud in 1446. Mr. City Judge Dannenberg informs me that The following four coins were probably given to him from the same find: came: 1) Dorpat. B. Dietrich II (1375-1400). Schilling (2 copies) Köhne magazine. I, p. 360. 2) Demin. Wittenpfennig. 3) Pick up. Gisbert v. Bronckhorst, Lord of Batenburg 7 1432. GISBERTVS D. — R/. +MO..... ROLTIIE. Similar to d. Chijs, m.d. heeren von steden van Gelder- land plate VIH, 2. 4) Rekheim. William V. Sombreref. HWiLh::::;; Officer: BAR: RER. v. d: Chijs, cheer up the Leenen van Brabant board XXV], 15. J. Friedlaender. Journal of Numismatics. IV. 13

Hedel. I have succeeded several times in finding unknown coins to look for a home in the Netherlands, and if that means me in particular- lich with some of the pieces first published by Grote (by Hooru, rumming etc. w.) was successful, I have the result: - mainly one. greater acquaintance with the enough numismatic treasures, wolehe v. d. Chijs us in his surroundings extensive writings on Dutch medieval coins made accessible, as well as to thank the attention, I woe to those on this ground. adult imprints of foreign coins. Mr. Dr. Grote. has too my previous interpretations recognized as correct, against the latest but the same, with which one. I in. this magazine (II, 152) what he described as an “undetermined Westphalian pfennig” in his Coin Studies VII, $S. 111 announced coin on Hedel I have received he is in the Bl. f. Münzfreunde 1875, p. 328. The content this one polemic, if we ignore one that seems personal!) and therefore not relevant to the matter 1) »But I want to take this opportunity with this 'once and for all solemnly explain, that I from Berlin from, in everything and everyone, what heraldry and as far as monetary theory is concerned, never accept instruction will." Without (to this protest analyze, I just want to notice that I certainly have no reason to do the same have given, because. I never have me for a connoisseur in both terms net diseiplines, rather in personal contact with Mr. Di.G: my lack of knowledge repeated in the same and always emphasized. Against

H. Dannenberg, Hedel. 195 remark, means that the dynasts in question, the Lord of Wessenaör from the line to Polanen, 3 upwards swept moons lead in the coat of arms, and that in the multi-fielded 's Heerenberg's coat of arms which was very bad and poor casually minted copper coins, where the fields the whole thing Fill out the coin with the moons from the internal ripeness is half cut off, the moons often do not exist due to lack of space are in their correct heraldic direction, but they are everywhere, even if they stand diagonally upwards, because those back then The Dutch would have a pole-by-post position from a beam clearly show how to differentiate. known. The: 3 sideways ge- However, the returned moons certainly did not belong to a mint lord. I. wants Mr. Dr. Grote the postulate of the heraldic Superiority of the old Dutch, even the most ignorant Mint workers in insignificant spots admit, also wants to admit that he may or may not have constructed heraldically correctly but still ask, whether he v.d. Chijs (enjoy the armies van Gelderland) Plate XVII, 10 does not recognize as Hedelsch, but also sees them as imprints, as he does must, if he, only on the basis of the active heraldic objection, a relationship of his penny on Hedel is rejected. But on this billon coin the moons are not pointing upwards, what G for unavoidable necessarily explained, but diagonally downwards. I have the objection that was made to me half and half planned and to meet him, on the various positions, in which this heraldic figure is shown to us on the safe Hedel coins, on- noticed, also these positions, and especially the but to whom these words are addressed, let others make occasional statements, e.g. B. in Grotes Corresp. Page 1873 .8. 186 recognize while yourself the mystical one remark ibid 1874 p. 28 -again against that Berlinerthum in general blows. Yes let us these personal questions, which ones of science have to remain foreign.

TE STUDIO EEE TEA 196 H. Dannenberg, described in detail in No. 10 Plate XVII in question. For sale For clarity, I repeat here figuratively the one on the dressed ones Four coins depicting the Hedel moons: N: EAN 8... Sr Which is why all of these representations are considered correct and legally permissible, that of the penny in question but, especially in comparison with the last one: ) per G No. 10, plate XVII would be completely impossible ) I can't see what it should be. If only the moons after may appear turned upside down, but still demonstrably appear turned downwards, like that you should do that too Position sideways, both right and left are equally justified hold ; The mere need for space can lead to heraldic errors don't explain. So according to ordinary logic it seems to me that The alleged Westphalian pfennig in question is a product the mint in Hedel, if the multi-commemorated No. 10, XVII v. d. Chijs it is, otherwise but not. But that number 10 is by the transcription WILRALSEVS DNS DA MO for 's Heeren- berg, the moons in question are secured for Hedel, that too the inscription on Nos. 7 and 8 a. a. O. calls. The one in question Billon coins would therefore be one more link in the long chain of re-coining of foreign currencies by small, low-cost country dynasts, of whom I have a large number in the Viennese num. Magazine IH, p. 209 and the Berl. Sheet VI, p. 299 after- have shown. Am I still in the wrong, well, that's how it will be Of course, it should be no more the first than the last time, because the Presumption, infallible and especially infallible in heraldic I have as little reason to be things as I never have

Hedel. 197 given to assume it with me. I just have to be granted the right the views of others would be it is also the first to carry out a scientific investigation to be subject to discussion, which the latter, of course, almost to the point of becomes possible if personalities are used instead of objective reasons be led into battle. H. Dannenberg.

Miscellaneous. A strange wreath carries the Demeter or kora on tetradrachms from Syracuse, from the artists Phrygillos and:EYM (vos), with the: back of the EYO® (Seylla section). The wreath shows a poppy head in front, one or more ears of corn and a large acorn with a toothy point egg leaf. Mr. Prof. v. Heroic Empire in Athens. share with me friend Please note that the oak species shown, which is still in Si- cilia and Hellas "extremely common" Kermes oak, Querceus 'eocci- fera L., sroivog of 'Theophrastus,. ngwagı of today's Greeks is. How unusual is this significance for Persephone? liche, only in these tetradrachms with the common back page has a wreath appearing from a stamp, 'remains the Archaeologists to explain. That different wreaths of the Goddess on Syracusan ‘coins on certain ones historical It has been assumed in recent times that they relate to facts; whether also another Persephone or Demeter with an acorn and I don't know whether oak leaf ever appears in a wreath. | | egg A. v. ». The head of the Veidius Pollio on coins from Tralles, which ones I discussed in the previous volume of this magazine have spoken, is now courtesy of Imhoof completely undoubted. The ones published by Eckhel in the Numi veteres A coin with the alleged inscription ZEBAZTOZ next to it

miscellaneous, 199 The head of OYHIAIOZ on the Florentine coin has this inscription not, but just OYHIAIOZ KAIZAPERN. So Eekhel was wrong, Augustus' inscription is not there exists and we must have this and similar ones in everyone's minds Coins recognize Veidius Pollio. ‘Whether the coins really are belong to 'Tralles. or according to another Caesarea, "remains uncertain. 08 Coin find. At . Dig up the Foundations one House on the wide street in Spandow recently became 219 Silver coins found, all of them except for a hamburger Bracteates, Brandenburgers, Denarii. Of these, 8 were, as unilaterally pronounced, unable to be defined in more detail, the others pose the following 29 species: Weidha's plate VIL, 10 -14 hours: Weidhas plate IX, 13 — 1 pc. WR, Mm TERN 14a-16 VEIL 5 —ı5 BE 6 Y..a,M lin Bi 12. no YA, Xi 5 Et 3.2 IE 2 PER | en) 5 13 N 6.35 loaded 9 Su 11a-28 17 and 12.—12 Chronological can be determined with certainty only the written denarii W. IX, 12 (with LODAVICKR) by Margrave Ludwigll. (1352-65), and W.X, 16 (OTTO) by Otto VII the Finn (1365-73). But it has Köhnes opinion, that W. IX, 6 {because of the

200 Miscellaneous. Bohemian crown) and W. XI, 5 {because of their similarity nit the latter) by Charles IV (1373-78) went out are, a lot for itself, and increases in probability due to the large number of number in which they appear here and thereby themselves as one of the The youngest ones should be properly identified, and that's how they become them This find was recorded around the year 1375 allowed to view. ' H::D: On the coinage history of Örossen. In the merit full treatise by Philippi, On the coinage history of the New mark etc. (Berl. Blatter II, $. 284ff.) can be found regarding the Crossen mint remarked that pennies, which the city according to the coinage privilege Joachim's I. from 1509 was allowed to hit, were not known. This is not entirely true. The pennies should be of the same value as those in the particular neighbors Frankfurt, i.e. according to the Brandenburg coin standard be shaped... These Frankfurters bracteate-shaped city pennies from the beginning of the 16th century, their exit coin also through the Teymler city book for the Thought time is attested, occur frequently and also show- each other two connected above Spanish shields with one helmet and the city's coat of arms, the rooster; including F (Weidhas, Plate XIV, No. 20). Very similar in weight, size and factory There are pfennigs in the right of the two coats of arms a right-seeing eagle, in the left a double lily, represent- under C (see above No. 19), which so far has been available on Ciritime, Kyritz, interpreted became. alone, like already Leitzmann (signpost p. 14) highlighted, with injustice. Because the coat of arms of Kyritz, also known as a mint or authorized to issue coins the time in question is not known is a simple one Lily, while Crossen is still in the coat of arms above one with two towers reinforced Thor a dimple lily and in the The Silesian eagle leads to the opening of the gate. The eagle on the But the coins will probably be the Brandenburg ones. ))

Miscellaneous. 201 The transfer of these pennies to Crossen will too dureh a note in Matthias, Chronicle by Crossen (8. 221) supported, after which the elector of the city allowed it in 1621 to coin copper and tin-plated hellers with the “French” sish« Lily and the letter C, whose 7 one' old Bohemian or Meissnian pfennig, 5 thalers of such pfennigs but should be worth a good thaler. These hellers are open- cash the: roasteat-shaped Copper brighter (Weidhas Plate XV, No. 28), woe, the Frankfurt Hellers at the same time similar, the same stamp as the older pfennigs mentioned and were previously also thought to be Kyritzer. Unfortunately, these manifestations from the city archive do not investigate anything further because the same thing is done by the big one City fire of 1708 completely destroyed and by hand very careful Chronicle des 1733 deceased Archdeacon M. Möller, the Crossener Annals from 1600 to 1662 containing the tape has been lost. Urossen a. ©. Ms. Bardt. Because of the “reply,” volume III of this magazine be damned Page 267 has brought me to the following conclusion: clarification prompted. It was not my intention to use the Paul Henckel coin Collection with the director Dr. J. Friedlaender drew two Prussians state collections, namely with the king Coin Cabinet and with the King's Collection]. Compare coins. These — formerly partly one Private property of the ruling house - are of course of that the same with particular preference in the Brandenburg-Prussian region Department has been maintained and completed, so that them — and especially the collection, which is already several centuries old the king's Coin cabinets - no other offers the top

| \ | 1 j \ i 202 Miscellaneous. 2 can. I have the words: » many Prussian state collections « used in a broader sense and includes those collections stood, which more or less indirectly under state supervision stand and institutes, cities etc. belong; whatever works also shows that there is no collection of the main coin public and the larger public university for viewing- common and I from: »Collections« have spoken, also say in the final sentence: “With the wish that it will succeed want to be able to state or city, the results - - before to preserve dismemberment, etc. From the catalog of dams left by P. Henckel lung — the one coming soon comes into the public domain every expert a judgment about their value. like can also form about whether the deceased died in the short span of time, which he was granted to collect did an excellent job. To get to the above To reach a verdict, it comes up a discussion of the final sentence from Mr. Friedlaender: whether I ever the king. Seen or can be seen in the coin cabinet and whether I am only interested in modern coins, not at all, so that I ignore such things. Berlin -1876. Adolph Meyer. Since Mr. Director Dr. Not Friedlaender. deemed necessary, to reply to this, the matter is hereby concluded. The editor.

literature, 203 Literature Dannenberg: The German coins of the Saxon and Franconian imperial period. Berlin, Weidmann book volume 1876. 4.8. 510. With 61 plates and a map by H. Kiepert. Is too The number of coin collectors is not that small, that is after all, it is that of the men who study coins literary are active, and this must explain it if from time to time a numismatic writer is compelled to write his own to present a work to the reading public. If I do this today do so as not to leave a gap in the literature of this time. To leave writing, I can't just focus on predecessors. draw, but also state that from the few who are called already two for the two of them other Germans numismatic magazines are involved, and further that self-criticism, which, of course, about some things must remain silent, in some respects It is preferable to an assessment from a friend, which one like that easily suspected of partiality expires. Also allowed I would probably call self-biography as an analogue. Reason for my present. Arheit initially agreed mean multiples: Descriptions of coin finds ‘made True- perception of how far the writers are in their views about the. Distribution of coins to the princes of the same name, especially the emperors named Otto and Heinrich as well as the Bavarian ones Dukes Henry, which are all different so close, partly un- indirectly, followed, diverged: After ‘eh with me a critical separation of these Bavarian dukes made such a search (Berl. Bl. V, 8. 50) and me to my joy fit Grote, who has treated the same subject in more detail, found in essential agreement (Mzstud. VIH, 8. 170), I saw that my process, the material, which the numerous

204 Literature. provide finds, carefully compiled and rather than individually Line up the entirety to keep an eye on all forms, promised to lead to the goal and that of neglect this one necessary points of view for the most part the errors were attributable to many earlier authors, which instead of this one infallible aids too deceptive, abstract from specified common style laws, untenable theories about constant weight loss of vision and size, and the like had. The limits now apply. for my work, and seemed geographical to me the former imperial borders, Chronologically, the appearance of the Hohenstaufen is crucial, because With them nothing changes. the coinage means, son- because also the territorial conditions, and on the other hand, in The coin factory was essentially similar to the time before them throughout the entire empire. The starting point of the. time Naturally, however, the outcome of the German checkered linger, who marked the beginning of their state independence called fatherland. Now you can't say that about these oldest Nothing has been written on the coins yet, that's how they are pertinent writings very scattered, and.the only cape that expressed a summary activity, has it so much Loyalty in reproducing the coin monuments as on. Criticism is missing leave that his numerous writings did more harm than good have, because his mistakes, although often criticized, are still.of not gone unnoticed by quite a few writers'). Therefore seemed I urgently needed to close the material, which was so infinitely fragmented collect, multiply and present in a uniform process put, thereby the earlier, to save money and time, to antiquary. It was impossible to avoid all the coins presented to the reader in illustrations. The increasing Theue 1) Even Dahlmann's sources list Cappe's imperial coins among the sources.

Literature. 205 ration: of the last few years, despite the K. Akademie.der sciences, not eır7 Believes that these are different than mine, originally just for your own Use drawings made to be produced photolithographically put; I have doubts as to whether they were sufficient for the purpose have to give up to the judgment of knowledgeable friends. Quite “literally it is by the way not to take, that all Coins 'are pictured; there are only about 1200 of them, and that Book closes with No. 1390, where However to notice is, that the mere varieties are not numbered, but to something bigger Clarity under letters attached to the main types are, so that around 1600 pieces have been described and documented. may be spoken. These pp. 1600 coins are now geographically after the provinces, starting from Lorraine', and through Friesland, Saxony, Franconia along with Thuringia, and Swabia to Bavaria progressively ordered, and the orientation about those on them mentioned, today. partly insignificant mints by a The included Kiepert map makes it easier. Are connected the geographical not to. fixing, those the night coins (disfigured replicas), and finally the so-called Add turning pennies. However, a general for my part, which one in particular also a list of coin finds, with. Indication of the main, made from them contains the obtained results (Chapter VII); because these finds, as noted, are the ones who preferably provide information about to distinguish the coins of rulers with the same name wait is. To what extent I have succeeded in making this distinction, let the reader judge; I mean in most cases the criteria, around the stamp of Otto I and IH. as well as ‘the Heinrichs, the emperor as well as the Bavarian duke, from a- to separate, to have located, and never have omitting to state where I still seemed to have doubts,

Eh Ser en EEE a tight Ian Br een 206 Literature. which at least partially - then full certainty ‘is at it does not always apply to the princes who immediately succeeded each other achieve - later research may eliminate. Furthermore, I believe that in numerous cases there are false assumptions to have corrected divisions and classified unrecognized coins, and’ allow me to point out the following examples. No. 99, relegated to Regensburg, 'belongs to Bishop Haimo of Verdun, the Heinrich named on the radio station is the emperor, not the Duke of Bavaria, and likewise is at No. 101 Hattonchatel, not to read Regensburg. There are several after Maestricht Stamps published in Utrecht or Verdun have been put on hold, in particular 214 and 247 and the very interesting one 218: with Sancta Maria and the lance des heal. Lambert: No.’ 463, by Bohl on Henry II given is by comparison with the similar 490 assigned to Henry V, a century younger, No. 497, “a Lindolf with a Cologne monogram, the son of Otto I. taken and assigned to the Frisian Margrave!), No. 541 with standing St. Martin from Mainz to Utrecht (or Viset) referred, No. 605 placed from Freisingen to Merseburg, the Allocation of the stamps of Konrad U and Heinrich IH. (707 — 709) with the forward-looking image of the saints. Virgin on Hildesheim instead of Speier, and that of Abbot Rothard (7.4). Corvei instead of Fulda justified, Burkhard von Münster with one Obol, considered (768), the very important Mainz denarius 800 dem Duke Conrad the Red (from Lorraine) restituted, to much discussed "Bishop Henry with two 'imperial heads' (841) in Speier, as well as several Ottonen with SCA MARIA, in particular the interesting OTTO MAGNVS (908) in Strasbourg one Heimath, the affiliation of all Basel Konrads 1) Even if, as Mr. J. Dirks writes to me, Indolf probably never settled has gained a foothold in Friesland, like that is him this light denarius so to attribute knowledge, as in the iriesian (reset certificates available, that the: Frisians I used to serve the Cologne Mint in ancient times. T A e

Literature. 207 the Burgundian king, with the exclusion of the Salian, entered who presented, out the eabinet d’ignorance new Constanzers (1013 and 1015), the Sedlmairsche Neuffen (NIVVAN, 1125) corrected to Neuburg. In this list I have on the one hand, the correction of Cappe's countless errors left unconsidered, on the other hand the cases where another Doubt is allowed, as well the corrections, which ones Only better copies are to be thanked, such as No. 855, 866, 941, 988 and especially No. 302, the first coin of a Rhenish Count Palatine. But I have to consider it particularly important still mention the allocation of the WICELINVS EP to the usually called Werner Bishop of Strassburg (944), the Denarius previously thought to be Salzburg with S-VITALIS (951) to Esslingen, but especially the one so far known for Lorraine clarified ODDODVX and HEREMON denarii commemorate which are at home in Saxony, where alongside the Billunger Duke Otto or Ordulf as his brother, Count Palatine Hermann appears: here- The question is then answered at the same time, which Hermann in Emden, like the frequent one that once pointed to Andernach AHNTHON is to be understood, has left its mark. No less important is the treasure of coins, which ones are here at all? described for the first time or to be presented visually for the first time. They are considered the most important tigsten only mentioned: No. 1364 Duke Gozelo I, type from Huy, No. 171-173 and 261--263 3 each: Imperial denarii of Dinant and Thuin, the like were previously unknown, No. 378 autonomous Bruno I of Cologne, No. 435 an Andernacher with certain Particularly beautiful bust of Conrad II, No. 442 and 444 denarii Duke Theodoric of Upper Lorraine with a kind of castle and with Cologne monogram on the rf., No. 465 Adalbero I von Trier RS. CRVX XRISTI, 467 Poppo von Trier with Konrad's IE chest picture, 489 Bruno von Trier from the character of his successor Adal- bero IE (PAX PETRVS), 581 TIELA VRBS BONA, 583

| iu i) 208 Literature. Obol from Duke Bernhard, 598 Lüneburg denarius. from Duke Magnus, 600 Naumburg Wendenpfennig 'with Ses Petrus. Further introduce No. 612 and 6124 Wimmelburg as a new mint, No. 615 and 620 represent interesting Quedlinburg stamps, from Halberstadt there is an Arnolf with a Cologne monogram (626), a Burkhard with the title PRE SVL (628") a bishop Stephan (?630), but specifically an anonymous denarius with S. Six- Tus papa taught (631). Important enrichments are also shared with the ranks from Goslar (684 Rf. Kreuz), Hildesheim (715,716, 718) and Minden, here will not only a denarius made known with the Cologne monogram, but also, probably alluding to the name of the city, the mint depicted in threefold activity: formative (728, 729), weighing (731) and looking at the stamp (730); a side piece to No. 728. offers Cologne No. 372. We see from Paderborn Here is the oldest coin (741), according to the Lübeck find the famous Bishop Meinwerk. Very interesting character we also meet in Mainz; a denarius from Konrad IH (1373), by Henry V (799), like Obol by Adalbert (821) and by the same archbishop a denarius with a very picturesque Rf. (821), The Speirian series has also been expanded with important pieces, Henry III with the outrageous SEA TRNITAS (835) and one Bishop Einhard (840), as well as Worms with two new bishops, Adalbero and Eppo (852 and 853). So Würzburg also appears with 3 new ones Minted (860, 861, 866), including a new bishop Embricho, Bamberg with the very interesting denarius (867), which by naming the saint. Kilian remembers the time when this diocese was founded. This The Duchy of Swabia sees the addition of two new dukes to its ranks Seriously (927, 927a) and Henry (1374) increased, besides through a Zurich denarius from Hermann (989). Furthermore are news worth noting: from Strasbourg 3 denarii with German city name (911, 912, 1375). Obol with the lily f

Literature. 209 (914), an Obol from Konrad HI (1376), a soleher from Bishop Richwin (1377), Basel resident of King Conrad (965, 966) and bishop Adalrieh (1379), Churer of the bishops Ulrich (986) and Hartmann (987), Augsburg of Bishop Heinrich H (1030, 1031), pre- but preferably the oldest coins of a still flourishing princely house, the Villingen family of Count Berthold, of those here so far only known specimens 3 others (954, 1378 and p. XVII). Non multa sed multum opens up apply the enrichment of the Bavarian coin series, one finds here, apart from several half-denarii, an authentic one Duke Eberhard (1052), Bishop Gebhard of Regensburg (1104), an obol from Cham (1110) and an episcopal denarius from Eich- city (Heribert, 1383). There is no finiteness among the Ineertis either There is little new of importance to mention, especially two denarii Otto’s I, the one with his bust Rf. HRARISINTIAIA MONETA (1155), the other Rf. ADELPERTV (1156) true- apparently a souvenir of the Ludolfini uprising, in which Count Adalbert (by Marehthal) his loyalty against the emperor sealed with death, also a gold denarius from Henry II (1385), denarii from two unknown mints, BRUNGNISTAT (1181) and HEVONACVM (1194), a Konrad U with fighting the warrior (1196), a Countess Acaza (1237), perhaps the best reprimanded Adela, sister of Bishop Meinwerk of Paderborn, a. strange Byzantine-like (Mainz?) character (1239), a denarius with a dragon fight (1256), finally one with with the inexplicable TERRA SALIS (1262). — Hardly less But as this nova, some will never be compared coins placed opposite each other are of interest, according to the Neuburger (1123--1126) with German NIVVEINPVRGC, Iatei- Italian NOVA CIVITAS and German-Latin NIVVAN CIVITAS, so the denarii of Heinrich H (1184-1186) with more communal Z/£. HEINRICVS around a strange cross, but different Backs: 1) EMPEROR and head Journal of Numismatics. IV. 14

>10 Literature. 2) Arabic inscriptions and inscriptions, with the name of the Spanish Khalif Hesham, 3) the heads and circumferences .the Byzantine African Emperors Michael II and Constantine VII. As I now carry out my task, the entire material in over- to present everything that has been said about it in a visual representation Proof to briefly present the literature, and my decisions the points of contention with reasons in this way. prove that even the reader who is not even knowledgeable a judgment_ to can form - how I solved this task, that must I a benevolent one Criticism. — now is my book reviewed in the papers. f. March 1876.8. 403, Rey. Belge 1876 p. 428, Litterar. Centralblatt 1876 No. 24, Vienna numismat. Magazine Volume VIII - put it away. _ Anyway believe I, woe error!) me also according to 'proven become like, like that ) 1) Of such mistakes, for which I apologize my little leisure I have already discovered a few myself: 8,243 would have, like by the way the text already indicates 1100 instead of: 1200 as the age of Abbess Agnes I should be given, and in 8.391 Augsburg becomes incorrect Augusta for the first time tauracorum, the other time correctly called A. Vindelicorum. And another Grote (Bl. f. Münzfreunde 1876 8. 391) shows me that I have 8. 197 of one here by the way. not . further interested. Alsatian Denarii say, that he after Prim was referred, while it daughters after are called must. But if In the article in question, I set out my procedure under the heading Prüm, that currently no coins are known from there, is placed in parallel. with that of an ancient describer of Iceland, the Cap. VII says: »of the. Snakes. $1 like that gives it not at all," So this joke is flawed in this respect as difficult Someone the Existence from' Snakes on said Eiland claims While not only Longperier has a coin, which both coin benefactors of Prüm calls, this one Abbey assigned has, but also in the annual report of the Trier society this allocation for irrefutable explained been was. If I had kept a noble silence in the face of these judgments, I would certainly have been more justifiably reproached for this. Whether By the way, my explanation of this sure French coin is correct, that is, as I noticed myself, completely indifferent to the Prüm article; that she but it is irrelevant, I would probably like to see that Longperier relies on this explanation not expire is, yet not follow. Finally will I myself against the a.a.O0. accusation made to me that I apparently didn't follow Leitzmann's guide low enough estimates, don't have to defend my view is about it the Berl. Bl. IH, 245. and. IV, 119 to read; but the after all earned,

Literature. 211 The approximately 1200 separate coin images alone are included in their overlooked Okay and the the finding facilitating Printing device, as well as the rich features of the book - the same as a thank you to everyone who has a sense for these studies. make it appear a valuable gift. BATHROOM; Jungk, Hermann: the Bremen coins. Bremen 1875. 8.,. 8. 408. With 39 plates. The coins Bremen had already so far by Cassel and Grote one quite incoming Treatment experience, But now it's aground this preparatory work and the short lich the city facing extraordinary enough Sehell hateful collection, ‘as well Thanks the Support des Senate of the old imperial and Hanseatic city to the author lungs, a monograph the mints and medals of his Hometown. to produce that is complete and solid In terms of equipment, there may be few equals. — The Mr. Author has: the entirety of all coins and medals from from the most ancient times until our days, where the new created imperial unity is also embodied in the coins, made the subject of his processing. As is well known, The series of Bremen coins begins, although the coin According to documents, it is much older, under Emperor Heinrich IH, the first coins inscribed with the archbishop's name Hartwich (I, 1148-68 or II, 1184—1208), then follow small, silent bracteates, which ones only under Albert IH (1359 — 95). from double-sided written coins (Wittenpfennige) be solved. - The urban character also begins under him, because in 1369 he pledged the city's right to mint. With his still living among us The author was allowed to do so unnecessarily harsh criticism offend. I wouldn't know either that I another opposite change me differently other than objectively decided but not personally hurtful criticism would have practiced... Yourself regarding Cappes can me only, who his perishable Not books 'knows, Debate in Blame. accuse. And yes is he the one Goltzius of the Middle Ages! 14%

31 9 - Literature. After his death it reverted to the monastery and was not restored until 1409 temporarily left to citizens to exercise. From 1463 onwards however, shaped the archbishops again yourself and have us namely Henry II (146396), John III (1497—1511) and Christoph (1511-58) left rich series of coins, Hein- be the first 'Gold guilders!), Johann the 'first thaler (with moneta nova status floreni Rhenensis). With that last ore Bishop Friedrich »{1634=-48) closes the minting. Except in Bremen itself also has the archbishops in Stade and Vörde (Bremervörde), but the mint in Stade was already left Hildebold founded the city in 1272, and only Johann III made his mark in Vörde. The city only arrived in 1541 by imperial award in his own possession of the coin rack, and has owned the same ever since clearly used diligently: The usability of the work is increased by the formations of the most important pieces, which are included on 39 plates The coins are extremely clean and faithful Copper engraving, the medals in photolithographic representations, which give the impression of the originals, but understandable cannot compete with the copper engraving in terms of sharpness. H.D. v. Mülverstedt: About the coinage of the noble gentlemen from Ileburg. Magdeburg 1875. 8. 5. 23 (with printed wooden cut). Eilenburg, a city in the reg. district. Merseburg, is in the Coin lore only known through the bracteate IL€ BORGENSIS | (Posern XVII, 142). The city belonged to the Margraves of Meissen, so this one will probably be beaten here after all bracteate from Dedo von Rochlitz (F 1190) or his son 4) Half gold guilders, which Leitzmann (Wegweiser 8. 398) speaks of, has not Heinrich, but only his successor Johann II. 2) This is the transcription after Erbstein's coin discovery from Trebitz 8.66, not ILEBVRGENSIS, like Posern's text, or ILEPVRGENSIS C, like his Figure indicates. |

Literature. 313 Konrad (+ 1210). Apart from that of this: and from the from Mr. v. M. reported by Posern as apocryphal and Leitzmann, that Ileborgensis moneta was mentioned in 1277, Until now, nothing was known about the mint in Eilenburg. Mr. v. M. now points out from a recently brought to light20 According to the same document from 1295, the dynasts: von Ileburg, the ancestors of the still flourishing family of counts from Eulenburg, which ones as 'Vögte the Margraves of Meissen Eilenburg owned, and in the area there, as well as far into Lower Lusatia is richly wealthy, as well as with all the advantages rights of the high nobility, in Mühlberg and in Liebenwerda a mint obsessed have, of those the former is mentioned in 1298. Seere'coins from them are Although it has not yet been determined, it may be based on the coat of arms described to the author (cross-divided shield, in the upper part a growing lion, in the lower part three stars, posed to 2 and 1, from which the stars, woe betide in haste- Burg's city coat of arms two battlements flanking an open gate towers accompany, to be viewed as the actual city coat of arms will be) can probably be proven by some. Namely regarding Nos. 49, 50 and 61: of the bracteate discovery from Cloud Mountain (Erbstein's description) a strong connection courage for such an origin, because they partly show a star in the curve of a cross, sometimes two stars next to a helmet, and are in Lower Lusatia, in the Middle points of Ileburg power unearthed. For No. 46 and 48 a.a.O. but would like the relationship to these gentlemen as well be more uncertain than for the other bracteates, especially posers XVI, 2 (with OT CV LM) and XVIH, 13 (with EdGM), those Mr. v. Incidentally, M. only very cautiously establishes a home here tried to establish. e-H:D. Numismatie Chronicle XV, ıv. London 1876. head, B. V., Metrologieal Notes on the ancient Eleetrum-coins struck

214 Literature. between the Lelantian wars an the accession of Darius.' on- ongoing investigation into the oldest Eleetron coins, their Results namely for the: metrology certainly from biggest importance are. Four autotype plates are included. — The shown on Plate IX small silver coin from Chaleis with YAV, on which the first two letters are completely clear are, there will now be no doubt about the Lambros and right purpose given to me eliminate this coin. Very strange is the Bleetron piece with the Aeginetic Turtle, plate VIH No. 16. — Madden, F., Jewish Numis- maties (port setting). The coins from the two uprisings below Nero and Hadrian (Bareochba, currently over-stamped Traians coins) containing. — Literature. — Finally, the note that Mr Head for his perfect working marriage about Syracuse the price Allier de Hauteroche received from the Paris Academy. "Km8. Numismatic magazine, ed. v. d. numis- mat. Ges. in Vienna by their editorial committee. VI and VO. -Vienna 1867. This 399-page double volume contains only one article on ancient coins (pp. 22-42): the Antoniniane of the Emperor Aemilianus, by J. v. Kolb. That that complete VICTRICI instead of the usual VICTRI Diana type is an “erroneous reading” is incorrect. In Berlin Museum has a whole clear denarius with this type: -DIANE she) VICTRICI. — Middle Ages and 16th century act: Blau, Otto, gleanings oriental. Coins. — Stickel, G;, Ue. d. bilingual Spanish-Arabic Solidus in the Jena cabinet. — Karabarek, J., D. immediate influence d. tomorrowland. inva- sion (1241-42) on d. Marriage of Hungary! — Lusehin Ebony greuth, A: The Vienna Pfennige (p. 58 - 141 with 5 plates this one and 3 Taff. of the following year). — Hartmann-Fran zenshuld, E. v., D. Medals d. Austrian Behem. — Rüp- pell, E. Contributor z. Know. d. num. Remember. to doctors etc.; a e

Literature. 245 There are a few medals in it Renaissance. — Among the Miscellaneous obituary of celebrities with a list of his writings, and by Joh. Gabr. Seidl with a nice numismatic Poem of the deceased. — Interesting among the miscellaneous Note about the good counterfeits of Serbian medieval coins: Traces of Austrian inscriptions were found under the stamp. rich ducats from 1853 and 1871. The coins, from some of which I have seen here excellently made and entirely in the style of Serbian medieval coins. . Are, Piehler: Repertory of Styrian coinage. II. Vol. . The medieval and modern coins. Graetz 1875. 8. 8.232. With 7 plates. Image. A Styrian coin history of the Middle Ages offers great information difficulties, those in particular from it arise, that the Most of the older coins were minted carelessly and had no inscriptions are, and often from those of neighboring countries in which similar cial stamps were considered to be rare; nevertheless it would be after some of the preparatory work in recent years, especially this one Luzhin, who is so knowledgeable in this area, is probably something To deliver something more complete than what is offered to us here. It seems that the Mr. Author. the actual numismatic element, especially that of the Middle Ages, is foreign because he deals with it quite irrelevant compared to the general cultural history happy moments, which by far predominate. So have to let's read through 44 pages, before we get to that first Styrian coin. And with the heavy, Often dark style of the book, which for the most part out lined up, Excerpts that demonstrate erudition stands, and the typographical clarity!) completely 1) This also includes that strange way all five coin boards with I are designated; the two following tables with illustrations of the Styrian Panthers wear Nos. II and IH.

216 Literature. missing, It's really not an easy task. Significant ones Shortening and better grouping of the material would make the book make it more usable; because so desirable for every numerical matic monograph a brief look around the neighborhood Also, there is speculation here about which ones Types of coins probably in the first eight centuries of the Middle Ages may have been in circulation in Styria, given the lack of each positive evidence (in documents or coin finds) is too large field conceded, and there are many more incorrect Prerequisites are undermined. Of course, that couldn’t be the case be different, since the author is entirely on Cappe. leaves. So the first coin that he described as coming from Cappe was leans, depicts, the denarius of Charles the Elder. Gr. with AQVISGRAN one known forgery, while the second does not belong to the margrave Luitpold, but to the duke, who was half a century younger of this name heard. Also the illustrations the rest foreign, sufficiently well-known coins, in particular ‘The Prague penny, one would gladly do without, if only some of the more important medieval state coins are shown would be; because the mere descriptions of silent coins are useful not much, especially when as little as here is for relief discovery has been done. The author's procedure is much- more, that he, after he tells us about the reign of one certain princes did everything possible, but mostly for the numismatics matics, little significant is communicated, in the end one or the other describes the other coin by noting, that she- attributed to his duke. Only on page 120 can you find some general remarks about these denarii were presented, which one would rather read at the beginning; Of course they need interpretative expansion, the basic principles of the classification in particular 1) The transcriptions are even given (p. 26), which are still to be discovered. should have covering coins, including the very unlikely OTAOHA RVS MARCHIO D3PSTIRA!

Literature. 917 This would have to be explained, the separation of the different Styles would have to be developed, via the mints!). would be something to say etc. — Towards the end of the Middle Ages, with Emperor Friedrich introduced a significant coinage reform, the coins zen receive full inscriptions, with dates, often also the well-known AQIOV 2), the embossing improves considerably lich, and the larger silver coins the first to appear now Gold guilders added, under his successor Max also !/, Thaler, under Ferdinand I copper embossing, under Charles I the first Thaler. H..D. Polkowski, Ignace: Deeouverte & G. Glebokie de monnaies polonaises du moyen-äge (traditional de ouvrage Polonais). Gnesen. J.B. Lange 1876. 8. P. 80, VI plates and printed woodcuts. 2) Stare pieniadze wy kopane we wsi Wieneu w powiecie Wioctawskim w M. Lichtspadzie 1850 roku. 6 plate 8. Polish coinage has been enriched by both finds, that of Glembokie and the von Wieniee, not only an extraordinary experience enrichment with new characteristics, but rather it is through them also to strike something higher, some erroneous assumptions correction has been made to such an extent that man can almost say This part of the world gains through them Science takes on a new form. Therefore it's worth it a little more detail about them. The find from Glembokie, of which about 1600 coins, until on 6 denarii of the Pomeranian princes Bogislaus II and Kasi- me II, all of them. Polish bracteates in 108 types, saved 1) No. 41 plate is really good. VII. Vol. I Coin Study. related to Gratz; Grote has this inscription as well as that of Münzstud. I, V, 25, same as Schweitzer (Aquileja p. 12 no. 1 and 2) unexplained calm, her is (declining) FRIA CEN®I® (Welzl I, 9551). 2) Why among its well-known interpretations. even on ‘first place the performed by “Austria est in orbe ultima” (8. 110), remains incomprehensible,

318 Literature. been, seems at opportunity the bloody one battle from Mozgawa (1195) appears to have been buried. Accordingly relates the author is probably right for the most part, 1440 pieces in 47 types, on the long reign of Miesko the Old (1159 - 1202) whose names are 450 pieces in Latin and quite a few in 'Hebrew script. The remaining coins only bring nor the name Boleslaus, which, however, is not a secure relationship refers to one of the several princes of this name, which when Miesko's contemporaries ruled in Poland. Only that does our find makes it clear that Boleslaus V (1227-79), to whom we see No. 48 (+BOLEZLAVS-DVX bust with cross staff '). has, is excluded. And neither can No. 37. (Duke with sword and shield, without inscription, ‘Stroneez. XIX panel 96) by Premislaus I: (1239-1257), the Stronezyhski them attributed has. The description and explanation this one Coins are generally appropriate, but sometimes appear to be too arbitrary between big ones and small bracteates there to be distinguished where the illustration has such distinction not supported, and on the other hand you won't get all the readings can agree, at least is the VIRTVS at No. 45 but nothing less than certain, just like the figure too bold for that of an old man is explained. Further shows No. 50 the illustration is not DVX BOL, but DVXOA , while from 54, where Lelewel Hebrew letters to er- believed to know; the inscription +bO+LIFSL+A probably has more meaning result of the conjecture than the reading. — Special features The bracteates with Hebrew writing deserve mention, which appear quite numerous here, 640 pieces in 24 types. It It is known that Lelewel initially denied them; after but they appear more frequently and in doubtless specimens had come, wanted there he still doesn't use them as coins, 1) or rather lance and, as it seems to me, also shield; that is crowned Probably not a portrait, but with a helmet.

Literature. 319 but just as »a manifestation de la reonnaissance d’une synagogue", as a kind of medal. Now you can probably no more be the talk, these bracteates are effective borrowed coins, and you will, if you use them with the usual ones, lichen unwritten or ver- same, can hardly share the view, that Jewish Money men use them on their own behalf without state approval to make up for the shortage of coins, because they not only close in whole grain, but also also in the choice of types and descriptions, ordinary: on; In particular, it is now clear that Lelewel much- misread it, and that instead of unusual inscriptions like bonus mortuus or retectus nepos they are rather nothing but the names Miszka, Miszha included; at least it takes place in individual of these inscriptions, especially the one that recurs more often- the braha (benedietio) the oriental character has its origins pressure, as well as, of course, the constant absence of the cross, which is almost always at the beginning of the Latin inscriptions appears, characterizes this Jewish character. Of the 108, most are types on plates I-V in well illustrated, the most interesting are Inedita approximately the following: No. 1 MESICO bust with flag, the left raised, No. 9 bust and tree, under braha, No. 10 bust picture between 2 towers, below OIIIFIN, No. 124 OJESI Rider with flag to the right, No. 16 Miszkha (also Juseph) the Duke on the right, blowing a horn, No. 49 braha Miszha Greif, No. 25 braha (also Miszha) Gnedz (i.e. Gnesen) and standing Figure, No. 38 St. Adalbert with blessing reeds and bishop's rod behind a beaded strip with ALBRTVS. It won't said whether this coin was to thank one of the country's bishops is, as is likely, and neither to whom No. 41 with one very peculiar Type (in the field divided into three Bishop's head with crook, head with flag and head with

Kalle 220 ; Literature. Reiehsapfel\ attributable. Incomprehensible is what this is Quote No. 25 table (!) III should be called, like one at all More careful correction of the print is missing, 'namely Grain is always printed instead of grams. Y.5 The find from Wieniee, from 'dena I, is related Characteristics of the description just discussed on plates VI and VII are included. Quite a few coins were found on both sides mean, but Wieniee's goes a little further down, because except for the stamps of Miesko and Boleslaus 'contained him too some of. Leszek the white one 1207—27 and from Henry 1201-37. . Have from him we don't have a description but The illustrations only on 6 sheets his 106th . different Bracteate imprint. Among these are particularly noteworthy worth: No. 3 #MNESI and (declining) ADAL the Duke half body, with sword and lily scepter, No. 4 #0 (ES ICO 4 heads, 2 of which are in the middle and 2 to the side blinking, No. 7 Meszka Juseph hakohen (princeps Justus), to Side of a scepter lion and crowned head to the left, No. 9 Miszha, head turned to the left, looking at a bust with a flag, No. 10 four-line Hebrew inscription: Rabi Abraham ben Jizhak Gnedz, No. 21 BOLEZL.A on a manned with 3 towers arch, under which 'a bust with 2 lilies, No. 25: BO Dragon Fight, No. .26 and 27. BOLEZ (LA) Samson the Lion tearing open the throat, No. 55 #DVX HEINRICVS bust portrait with flag and shield, No. 67 FIDES bust portrait with palm tree (?) and ball, No. 68 CARITAS on one: arch, above the 2 Heads looking at each other, with a bust underneath. 2 palm trees, No. 69 IVSTICIA between 2 pearl lines, above 2 seeing bust images, below bust portrait, No. 70 SIRENA woman, their bodies into two fish tails ends, No. 71 AQVILA Eagle, No. 72 DEXTERA blessing hand on a cross, Ar. 73 CRVX again cross. H.:-BD.

Literature. 9231 Revue Numismatique publ. p. S. de Witte et A. de Longperier Paris anne 1874 3 and 4. Witte, J. de, Milon from Crotone. Heracles with the lion's skin, standing next to the bull a rare denarius from the Italian ally will be for Milon of Croton explained to me unconvincingly, according to Diodorus' story, however, in the Costim of Heracles as victorious rich general the Crotoniates against the Sybarites led. Feuardent, Lettre a M. de Sauley sur des monnaies frappees & Ascalon. Feuardent makes the same perception, which I previously briefly indicated: that the tetra- drachma of Cleopatra does not show the year NE but N, and gives a list of the known Lagident tetradrachms Ascalon, from the years 34, 41, 50 Cleopatra (not 55) and with Ptolemaic head (not 56). Sauley, F. de, Lettre aM. A de Longperier s. 1. m. deLouis XI. frappees — Perpignan. Lehr, E., Essay on numism. suisse (m. 5 Taff.). In the "Chronique" description of a find of around 800 Roman Gold coins in the Lyeee Comeille in Paris, from Claudius to Geta sufficient, underneath rare pieces, like Augustus von Traian restituted, Plotina, Matidia, Mareiana, Pertinax, Albinus ete. AV. 8, Schlumberger, Deux sceaux et une monnaie des Grand Maitres de l'Höpital. Extrait de la Revue arche&ologique. 1876. This essay gives two seals from masters of John niter order, which are not actually called Grands Maitres may, because the title Magnus Magister only came after the Conquest of Rhodes in use in 1309; both seals are wide older. The second, by the master Johann von Villiers, 1289 - 1297, with the legends ®MFRATAR IOhANRNAS AVSTOS and on the flip side MhOSPITALIS IhARVSALAM is known;

322 Literature. Paoli has it in the row the Order Master Seal off- forms!). The first, however, is new. It has the markings +RO STAGNVS (CVSTO)S HOS(PITÄ)LIS IHERVSÄLEM, so like the oldest master seals, only the first name and the old one Title Eustos. Kostagnus is a medieval one French first name; Mr. Schlumberger gives examples that are easy let multiply; so a Minorit becomes Rostagnus to Aqs 1282 mentioned. and the eleventh Bishop of Ariano in the Kingdom of Naples who died in 1330 had the same name. A Master of the Order Rostagnus is historically unknown. Sir Schlumberger suspects that the list of masters from 1250 up to Johann von Villiers (1289-1297) may be incomplete would like, that Rostagnus between Nicolaus de Lorgue (1278 - 1259) and Johann von Villiers could have been master. The seal alone is demonstrably older than me said have: just the oldest seal have First names and eustos, without the word frater. The range of existing Seal, which I give in the note ?, shows that frater only begins on the seal of Master Gerin and from then on remains constant. Since Rostagnus is not called frater, he has to So he must have been a master before 1231. But it probably belongs to someone a much earlier era; this shows the simple form the letters, which almost all resemble the ancient Roman 1) Codice diplomatico dell’ordine, part I Table VII and Part II panel I (at $.458). 2) 1. Raimundus Custos. Castus custos. Rogerius eustus. Gaufridus eustos. (Guarinus custos. Brother Gerinus eustos. Brother Peter Ceustos. Brother Hugo Eustos. Brother John Eustos. Frater Oddo custos u. s. f£,

literature, 223 chen, while on the later seals the medieval ones shapes AAAHKhRS etc. general herical. Likewise speaks the drawing of the figure of the kneeling master, the larger size and the overall appearance of the seal for high Dude. One cannot doubt that Rostagnus is a me- ster was, that eustos needs to be supplemented because no other The office of the order as the master has carried such a seal. It would be surprising if a master from the time of 1250 or 1290 would have remained unknown because around this era The history of the order is already better known. Alone in In the earliest times of the order, the name of a master, especially if he has not held this dignity for long, are more likely to be forgotten, like the insignificant private requests The beginnings of the order have remained obscure: from this Darkness He only came to prominence when he became a political power had been. So Mr. Schlumberger has, I believe, “that you were lucky, the history of the order with the name of one of the to enrich the earliest masters. It will be difficult to decide where to switch it on. let it vote; keep all older lists as third master Arnold de Comps, now it is doubted whether he was a master. How this was inserted so Rostagnus may forget have been. In the note I give the series of masters according to Mooyer!). U) l. Raymond du Puy 11214 — 1160. 2. Auger (Ötger) von Balben 1460 gr 3. (Arnold from Comps 1161-1168). 4. Gerbert of Assaly 1461-1169: d. GCastus 1,169 — 2.70 p.m.: 6. Gosbert (Joubert) 1170-1177. ‘. Roger of Monulins 117-11837. 8. Garnier (Werner) 1187-1491. 9. Ermengard of Aps 1491. 10. Gottfried from Duisson 41911202

224 Literature. In my writing about the oldest order coins I have also one of the master seals shown; on the downsides, as I demonstrated there, a sick person in the hospital lying down shown, Mr. Schlumberger's doubts about this clarification are not justified; it is not, as he suspects, the body of the Savior, which would have no relation here. At the patient's feet, as I said there, is a certain curved incense burner shown — it is fine a Plague patient meant - this vessel is often completely clear, too on the seal, which I described on page 10 of my paper and I have the original. So this becomes this not knocked over, that Mr. Schlumberger says this Christmas The smoking vessel is unclear on some specimens. f The title Custos was the oldest, as I demonstrated on p. 8 have; the first head of the order, Raimund de Poggio (du Puy) calls himself Raimundus in 1157 d. G. Christ pauperum Hello humilis et sacrae domus hospitalis custos fidelis. And still on the seal of Elion of Villeneuve, 1319 — 1346, which I have shown is called: custos pam (pauperum). Mr. Schlumberger then gives the Grand Master's coin Anton Fluvian 1421 — 1437, which I already did after graduation 11. Alfonso of Portugal 41202 — 1204. 12. Gottfried II of Rath 1204 — 1207. 13. Gerin (Guarin) from Montaigne 1208 - 1230. 14. Bertram of Texis 1230-1231. 15. Gerin 1231-1236. 16. Bertram II of Comps 1236 — 1241. 17. Peter of Villebride 241 — 1244. 48. William of Chateauneuf 1244 — 1259. 19. Hugo by Ravel 1259 — 1278. 2%0. Nicholas of Lorgue 1278 — 1289. 21. John of Villiers 12897 1207. 2%. Odo from Pins 1297 — 1300. 23. William of Villaret 1300 — 1307. 34. Fulco from Villaret 13071319. The following is my paper on the coins of the order.

Literature. 225 had repeated and discussed education with Zanetti; the example Mr. Schlumberger's plan only differs in that it &ram mastro, while Zanetti read Gran mastro. I have over this title 8. 23 spoken in detail, Mr. Schlumberger seems not to have known my writing, even though it was translated into English French translated published in Paris. Later, Mr P. Lambros in Athens gave two supplements, a rich series of Örden coins that he collected, and Mr. ©. Kunz, Director of the Municipal Museum in Trento, has these works by Mr. Lambros excellently translated into Italian. to- Most recently, Professor P. Norbert Dechant in Vienna Vienna numismatic monthly magazines, our coins and seals published. A few more words about the aforementioned French translation- setting of my writing. Mr. Victor Langlois published it given without asking me, and she has a lot of other things too Unusual ones. Since the author's name is on the title small ones, that of the translator or editor with large ones letters are printed, the book is considered to be in French catalogue. often lied as Langlois' work. Furthermore, the translator must have understood German completely, because he has it everywhere the text reproduced accurately, the French style is after a bit clumsy according to the judgment of a French friend, and “sounds as if a German translated.” Finally she says Preface: si quelguefois the traducteur a eru devoir modifier le lyrics, c'est pour &viter des longueurs, d’inutiles repetitions ou rectifier of the error. Now I have, on these Germans, from Mr. Langlois corrected »errors« “longueurs” and “repeti- tions' eagerly, text and translation compared, but nothing Change or omission can be found, and a letter Please provide proof of my errors remained unanswered. Only one of three published after the publication of my work Mr. Langlois switched on the coins. Mine too Journal of Numismatics. IV. 16

2236 Literature. He copied panels exactly, only he has the picture of one Siegels moved to a different position. He also has the board to my paper on the Vandal coins for the second edition reproduction of Marchant's letters precisely, but also with a small a change, copied, and used this font to the best of its ability, but he understood German far less well, than when translating my first work. Actual recognitions same as these, are for the author is more honorable than praise in words than in theirs Despite all modesty, one cannot doubt the sincerity fen; Therefore I am Mr. Langlois, even if he is the Suum cuique was far away, obliged for his good opinion. J. Friedlaender. Schlumberger, monnaies des princes chretiens d'Orient 4 Vepoque des eroisades. Paris 1875. P. 17 and 1 plate (ex- trait de la revue archeologique). About the almost inexhaustible wealth of the coin series the crusader, which we only recently (II, 175) at Be- in a similar work by H. S., there are also the present booklet marriage certificate: a denarius of the poor African King Leo with Latin inscriptions, and an Antio Ebenian copper coin with the Arabic title Emir in the Greek inscription are truly surprises, on which can be called the unheard of. That coin with LEO DEI GRATIA for a cross A. +REX ARMEHIOR around a crowned head, is unique in the long sequence of coins the kings of the Rupenian dynasty, all of which only have inscriptions in Armenian, and you become Mr. $. have to join it, that she is one owes its existence to a special reason, So from Leo U will be defeated either after he (January 6, 1198) received the title of king from the emperor and received the arch- Bishop Conrad of Mainz was crowned at Tarsus, or else

Literature. 3927 in Antioch, where Leo pits his great-nephew Rupin against his Uncle Bohemond IV supported, maybe just for appearances, while in fact he had selfish intentions likes. — The second of the coins mentioned bears, if otherwise, how to believe the inscription not completely preserved correctly is supplemented, as the back of a Christ head, the three-line Font: OM(E)TAC AMIPA (C-TANK) PEA. — From the In the remaining pieces a Bohemond (IV or.) should be highlighted V, 1200—1251) with +B-O-C-O-M-$- cross FLef. +:CITE TRIPOX :, which French inscription on the Denier de Seete (d. &. Sidon) and Count Heinrich's PVCES PACCOM of Champagne, as well as the coins of the kings of Cyprus Has side piece. — It should also be mentioned that Mr. S. the of Sauley all denarii related to Raymond of Tripoli with cross and star, due to better copies in the of Raimund (IT 1151-87 or III 1187-1200) with RAMVNDVS COMS,, and into those smaller in size, weight and work his successor Bohemond (IV or V) with BAMVNDVS COMS separates. — A copper coin from Antioch with a galloping rider A/. ANTO in the angles of a cross But it is not new, as the author believes, but already published by Köhne (Zeitschr. VI Pl. I, 4), and, as there (8.34), already known to Marchant and Soret being, only ANTD is read there instead of ANTO, and the Coin referred to the last period of the Principality of Antioch, while Mr. S. believes that it was shaped in the early days. 11.:D, Weil, R., coin find from the Dipylon. (Archaeological time- tung, VII p. 163-166). Last year in Athens several tetradrachms and drachmas from Athens as well as tetra- drachmas of Mithradate Eupator found. The ones from Weil given number 32 Athenian tetradrachms, 22 drachmas, 4 te- Tradrachms of Mithradat is the ing Athenian Museum 15

228 Literature. arrived pieces; But there were more, as I'm sure white. The strangest pieces of the find are one (or several) tetradrachm and 3 (multiple) drachmas from Athens with the name of the BAZINE MIOPAAATHE and the Aristion. A third of the find, 17 pieces, belongs to Weil, as Weil points out the time of Mithradates; at the same time we will now- more after the lucky discovery of tetradrachms of the Ariarathes of Cappadocia, the son of Mithradates, with the Types of father (see Friedlaender's essay above) too which come in four different copies found frequent Athenian tetradrachms with the completely unusual Legal name APIAPA 976 must be set, in which we probably wit right an honaris causa to the Athenian official er- named members of the family of Mithradat may assume that The burying of the find (because for "used during the conquest" I would like a sum of lost coins about don't keep fifty thalers; is from Weil right in time the siege of the city by Sulla, who ordered the coinage of the strange pieces with Mithradate's name and went indirectly beforehand. The Berlin museum has this extremely rare one Row the stater and the drachma, the tetradrachm missing yet. A.V. 8. Improvement, to Volume III. Page 354 Line 5 from the bottom read lay out instead of out “356 “ 49 from above read Antonius instead of Antoninus 3 3 from the top read 34 instead of 31 “ 3569 "," 6 from below read p. 156 instead of p. 186 “ 360 ,, 41 from above read Guidi instead of Luigi “360 "," 4 from the bottom read F instead of p 361 % from above read O instead of © ” x371 in the overview read under No. 239 Ver instead of Per there under p. 544 in the monogram clockwise S instead of the declining one.