Zeitschrift für Numismatik, vol. 3 — 1876

GAUL VS P F AVG in 257 i) and 259))

IHP GALLIEN VS P AVG in 259 ')

IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG also 259 <) and

IHP GALLIENVS AVG in the years 257, 258 and 259 &).

The latter coin comes in the year 255 yor®), but by the way only appears in the single copy, which is kept in the collection in Vienna ^) , known to be, and this is a golden coin anyway. Band number ^} mentions a similar one in silver.

From these exceptionally listed coins you can but by no means find any proof that these Ayers romanization was commonly used so early; it is against from what dayon noted above is that P LIC in the Ayers summaries in the first years of Yalerian interest ypredominant is to assume first that the coin is hybrid, or that there may be a stamp on the Beyerse there is tailoring error in the number; it yerserves in this ffinlooks to be noticed that a similar type from the year 259^)

1) Cohen 429-431.

2) YergleieiM GoImii, Suppl. p. 266 z« No. 436, «ad Svpfl. a 273 No. 47.

3) Cohen 439, 443, 445.

4) Cohen 440, ▼compare 441 with the addition of OERH .

5) Cohen 433, 434, 436, 438, 442.

6) Cohen 425.

7) Compare Cohen, e. St. nnd Erkhel, VII, 8. 390.

8) Yergleiehe Eckhel e. St.

9) Cohen 437-441.

Nnmismat. Investigation into the late Roman Empire, etc. 8. w. g|

is very common, and that this one is also the same Atersumscript occurs ^) .

Of the above-mentioned billon coins from Gallienns with AVGG in the Beversnmschrift, from which

40 in the obverse script P LIC,

17 ^ ^ y, the Germanic title,

8 "^" IMP GALLIENVS P AVG

8 “ “ “ IMP GALLIENVS AVG

7 “ “ “ IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG

2 “ “ “ GALLIENVS P F AVG

1 “ “ “ GALLIENVS P AVG

There are 9 pieces with the sole government of Gaul (compare the following) interpretive aversam script GALLIE NVS AVG [Cohen 129, 253, 399, 418, 682, Suppl. 11, 12, 40, 45). Some of these can also be found on Gallienns and Salönina can be explained appropriately, and these can also be used in fact several corresponding ones with Salonina's head be shown, namely

Gallienns 129 FELICITAS AVGG = Salonina 3t>

253 LAETITIA AVG = 52

418 PIETAS AVGG = 59

as well as AVGG in

PAX AVGG (Gallienns 399) ORIENS AVGG (Suppl. 40) PIETAS AVGG (Suppl. 45), ^

regardless of there being no corresponding one with Salonina's head exists, very well explained as referring to Gallienns and Salonina can be; on the coins the last-mentioned appears this way Pax (PAX AVG, No. 53, PAX PVBLICA, No. 54). You can't find Oriens, and it seems so

1) Cohea 438.

ZelttchHft fttr 17amismatik. III. 6

Dr. P. Bntk,

Wmxk you then mix the others among each other ttbemia- agreeing aversom writings of the golden and billon millennixes of the Yalerian and Gallienns with AVGG on the reverse seeks, the introduction of P LIC to the first desires This has been even more confirmed in recent years. The dated caps of According to Gallienns, it happens:

GALLIENVS P F AVG in 257 <) and 259 2)

IMP GALLIENVS P AVG in the year 259')

IHP GALLIENVS P F AVG also 259 <) and

IMP GALLIENVS AVG in years 257, 258 and 259 (^) .

The last mentioned month comes in the year 255 By the way, YOT^)j only appears in the single copy, which is kept in the collection in Vienna ^) , known to be, and this is a golden coin anyway. Banduri ^} mentions a similar one in silver.

You can go to these exceptionally popular churches but by no means find any proof that this averse Transcription as frtth was usually used; it is against from what is noted above is that P LIC in the Obverse writings in the first years of Valerian's reign The predominant thing is to assume at first that the Mttnze is hybrid, or that there might be a stamp on the reverse there is tailoring error in the number; it deserves it in this regard to be noticed that a similar type from the year 259 ^)

1) Cohen 429-431.

2) Varglelohe Cohen, Snppl. P. 266 to No. 436, nnd Suppl. P. 273 No. 47.

3) Cohen 439, 443, 44ö.

4] Cohen 440, similar 441 with addition of OERM .

5) Cohen 433, 434, 436, 438, 442.

6) Cohen 425.

7) Compare Cohen, a. 8t. nnd Eckhel, VII, p. 390.

8) Compare Eekbel a. St.

9) Cohen 437--441.

Numisnuit. Investigations into the late Roman imperial period, etc

is very common, and that this one is also the same AverBumsherift occurs ^) .

Of the above-mentioned billon coins from Gallienns with AVGG in the reverse number, of which

40 in the obverse script P LIC,

17 ^ ^ y, the Germanic title,

8 "^" IMP GALLIENVS P AVG

8 “ “ “ IMP GALLIENVS AVG

7 “ “ “ IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG

2 “ “ “ GALLIENVS P F AVG

1 “ “ “ GALLIENVS P AVG

There are 9 pieces with the sole rule of Gallienus (compare the following) interpretive averse term GALLIE NVS AVG ;Cohen 129, 253, 399, 418, 682, Suppl. 11, 12, 40, 45). Some of these can also be found on Gallienus and Salonina can be explained appropriately, and it can also be used by these in fact several corresponding ones with Salonina's head be shown, namely

Gallienus 129 FELICITAS AVGG = Salonina 3t>

253 LAETITIA AVG = 52

418 PIETAS AVGG = 59

as well as AVGG in

PAX AVGG (Gallienus 399) ORIENS AVGG (Suppl. 40) PIETAS AVGG (Suppl. 45), ^

regardless of there being no corresponding one with Salonina's head exists, very well explained as Gallienus and Salonina can be; on the coins the last-mentioned appears this way Pax (PAX AVG, No. 53, PAX PVBLICA, No. 54). You can't find Oriens, and it seems so

1) Cohea 438.

ZelttchHft mr l^amismatik. III. 6

82 I>r* P* Brocl(,

not quite fitting with the Empress's caps; in one But in a period like the one mentioned here, it shouldn't be surprising that if you haven't taken this into account; so be careful on the other hand several types, e.g. B. Venus and Vesta, only bad for the head of Gallienus, but hits these goddesses one often sees it on his coins (550 - 555, 826, Snppl. 60, 61). What finally PI ET AS AVGG [Snppl. 45), it is elongated to draw attention to the fact that No. 408 with a another type with this inscription and Salonina's head is found. In addition, the type is so peculiar that that this coin, which only comes from the Marquis' collection de Moustier seems to be known as a singularity must be sought ^). Those in Suppl. Nos. 11 and 12 only some private collections, like a similar one in the Naples Museum (No. 12464), apparently hybrid with Beversen erroneously taken from the Yalerian coins (Yalerian 35, 36) men ; because you only know them from these collections, while those of the Yalerian are ordinary 2). Finally Gallienus points No. 682 with VIRTVS AVGG because of the brought V 1 1 C to the later years of the Gal- lienus. Eckhel 3/ thinks that these letters are not separate timum consul could be explained as it is based on him coin described from the rest of the title list in the Transcription torn off and affixed in the section as they are also in the same place on coins with the inscription FORT [VNA] REDV^X^) occur; but as one can tell from the early can show many coins from the earlier times of the Ice Age, on which the transcription is divided in a similar way,

1) The mark X placed in the field also indicates that it is in the Later period the government of the OalUenos belongs { compare below.

!2) On the latter you will also find exactly the same brand as on the corresponding one of Valerian.

3) Vn, p. 394.

4) Ramus 196, Cohen 173.

Numitmat. Underlines about the later Roman imperial period, n. s. w. §3

corresponds to VII C in the aty cuts of coins with Fortuna redox just good for the declaration as the seventh consulate; because these Mttnzen have the shorter inscription GAUL IE on the obverse NVS AVG, which was for the later years of government ^) of ßallienus is characteristic, and the Beyer transcription can on the return of Gallienus from Greece to Italy at the beginning of the year 268 ^). All the hats, up in which VII C occurs^), have the shorter obverse script GALLIA VS AVG. It also deserves to be remembered, that his sixth consulate alternated with COS V I and C V I is referred to^). Another one from his penultimate directorial There is an inscription P XV that is undoubtedly of ancient origin yes declared as tribunicia potestate XV ^j, and this comes too always in connection with the short obverse GALLIE NVS AVG •) before ; on one of these coins P XV changes with V 1 1 C 7) . So it's nothing special that the imperial official title in a somewhat unusual way Mtnzen of the ßallienus can be called. Even on individual ones the caps of the Postumus ^) becomes tribunicia potestate, as before some time ago on the marches of Yespasian, with the unusual lign T P instead of TR P®).

ß) Also the majority of the copper coins of the Gallienus with AVGG has, as the following record shows,

1) Cohen 464-460.

2) Eckhel VII, 8. 394.

3) Cohen 173, 245, 249, 364, 416, 458, 470-471, 531, 593, 662, 682.

4) Cohen 453-457. Eckhel VII, p. 393.

5) Cohen 44.

6) Cohen 44, 143, 216, 223, see Suppl. pp. 266, 344, 494, 531, 660.

7) Cohen 531.

8) Cohen, Postumus 107, 108.

9) If GaUienus No. 438 were denoted by Cohen with 1 1 C, it would The stated declaration cannot be accepted because this coin was made in the year 259 (third consulate) gehdrf ; But you can see from Cohen's correction in Suppl. p. 266 that MS must be read.

6»

$4 ^* P* Brock,

kl the Äyersumsohrift R LIC or GCRM ^) (reflp. with * and referred to)

736"

754**

778**

796**

737»

755*

787**

IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG 797**

739*

756*

788**

804*

747»

757*

789*

805*

748*

775*

791

GALLi^NVM AVG PR 806*

749*

776*

794**

S07**

750*

777*

795**

819**

820* 821*

842 843

IMP GALLIENVS AVG Sappl. 84** IMP GALLIENVS AVG 90**

837*

844*

93*

838*

855**

99*

839»

856*

100 IMP GALLIENVS P F AVG

S40*

857*

101 IMP GALLIENVS AVG

841**

858»

102*

3. Reverse transcriptions with AVG.

Of which there are about 270 pre-conuns golden and billon coins of the Ghülienns with AVG in the BeverBumserift) which, as noted above, is most likely must most likely be attributed to his foreign government, but it would be too extensive to describe here about a few hundred the short obverse script GALLIE NVS AVG, which does not correspond to VALERIANVS AVG; it begins in the year 259 ^) and can continue in the years thereafter 261, 262, 264, 265, 267 and 268 3) can be proven. Like

1) Compare below.

2) Cohen 437, 446, 447. According to Cohen 432 it seems that they are already 257 occurs, but after its correction in the Suppl. ^. 266 is the one mentioned According to the more detailed investigation he carried out, the coin dates back to the year 202 be put.

3) Cohen 98, 449-451, 454-460.

Nomisiiuct. Uatenuchungen about the later Roman Citise period, a. s.w. ^

However, it goes without saying that not every AVG a«f the coins of Gallienus from the time after his imprisonment Valerian points out that the caps he datibred with it came from the There is time before this ^), and you can also count on the Mttnzen Vale- rian's representations and transcriptions can be found, weldlie on ilm refer alone and not at the same time to Oallienus: so come auoh on the mentioned coins except GAI-LIENVS AVG Avens- Transcriptions with both P iJC and the nickname Genna- nicus, in which case the BeveEs types Victoria and Virtus Augusti, who referred to the victories won by Gallienus the (Germanic peoples indicate and to denra it corresponds to the Mttnzen Valerian's are the most common.

What, on the other hand, are the copper capes of Gaul? AVG in the Beversumschrift concerns

763 785 803

764 786 818 774 798 822? 779* 1 /,, ,., 799 828**]^,. , . 780* l^^^'^^'^"^ 800 829* J^!^"^ 781**1 801 830*) ^' 782 802 831* 853

I believe that the majority of these escaped from prison Valerian's society is shaped. This is certainly the case with those with liberalitas. Wiczay^ has indeed, regardless in the obverse text; from No. 781 which is certainly only before, but not After Valerian's captivity, he used the nickname Germanicus occurs (compare below), the coin in question with LIBE RALITAS AVG III want to set in the year 263, in which Gallienus celebrated his Decennalia; but this is certainly complete incorrect; In any case, it is plausible that this inscription even

832

854

833

Suppl

834

8d

835

95

836

[97]

852

98

1) Rtmus 8, 9, compare Cohen 659, 774, from Jahie 255.

2) No. 2803.

86 ^* P-Bio«k,

Bicht in Oold or Billon yorkommen; because then they always have AVGG; if moreover Oallienns its liberalities after the Valerian's captivity would have been marked with numbers, wttrde he certainly took into account the gift healings; which ones previously taken place in his name and in that of his father had j so that in this way you could get coins with liberalities with AVG and a number higher than 3; because both on the coins of Valerian and those of Gallienus the transcription LIBERALITAS AVGG III occurs; but this is not the case; Eckhel ^) has an example of this arrived, a fourth Liberalitas with AVG, but according to Me- diobarbus, and this should therefore not be given any further meaning attach. In addition, there are different coins with the Liberalities of Gallienus with AVG without number ^), and since these all had the short ones that were characteristic of his later years Obverse inscription GALLIENVS AVG, these certainly have to be be attributed to his sole government ^) . Therefore you can certainly in the coins mentioned with LIBERALITAS AVG 1 1 or 1 1 1 only see die cutter errors for AVGG ; Eckhel also mentions the coin with AVGG, and in the British Museum it also comes with AVGG and the nickname Ger- manicus in the obverse script ^}. What No. 828 - 831 refers to hits, this can be done precisely because of the obverse writing V I CTO RIA AVG assume that they are on the occasion of victory over the Germanic tribes are influenced. In any case, there is no obstacle It is reasonable to assume that these date from before the prison can come from Valerian's relationship.

1) VII, p. 408.

2) Cohen 324-328.

3) Some clay these loved ones over the Bnehstoben as brands; same thing Following.

4) Coben, Snppl. 90.

»

Nnmismat. Discussions about the later Roman Empire, etc

Overall, it can hardly be accepted that while During the reign of the Empire there were many copper coins were minted, since it was precisely in this period that the billon money has been deteriorated to the extent that it actually only consisted of copper. If you like the copper coins of Valeriim and Gallienus, one will notice ken that it belongs to those of the former almost in all cases corresponding with the head of the latter, namely:

Valerian 180, 181

182 183

184, 185 186, 187

188 YaUlant

1 89 Banduri 190, 191

192

193, 194

195-197

198 Tanini

199

200

201-203

Gallienus

740,741, cf. 742—745 and Suppl. 85

cf. 747

751, 752 754_757

759, 760, 761, 762

767, cf. Suppl. 87 768-770 775-778

Suppl. 90 783, cf. 784 795—796, compare 794 and 797 204, 205 PMTR P V COS

IUI PP

206 812—14

207 Tanini

208, 209 SALVS AVGG 210 Vaillant

Valerian

211

212Vienna 213, 214 215-217 218

219, 220 cf. 221 222

223-224

Suppl. 13

14 cf. above

194

15 see above

199

16 cf. above

217

17 compare above

222

18 Hoffmann

Gallienus

826

837, 838 839-841 842, 843 845-849 Suppl. 96 856-858 Suppl. 99-100 cf.lOl— 102 859-865 Suppl. 103

cf. 739 and Suppl. 84

768-770

Suppl. 90

839-841

856-858

%g Dr. P. Bffodc,

They met tvh the MttiBeii of Veleiian, for which «Pretending T

The remaining copper Mttaaen dee Oalfieou, about which it

r

there are no corresponding ones from Valerian

736, 737, 738, 746, 748-750, 753, 758, 763, 764, 765, 766, 771-773 cf. Suppl. 88, 774, cf. Suppl. 89, 779, 780-782, 785-786, 787-789, 790, 791, 792, 793, 798, 799-803, 804-807, 808-809, 810-811, 815-817, 818, 819-821, Suppl. 93, 822, 823-824, SuK)l. 94, 825, 827, 828—832, 833—835, Suppl. 95, 836, 844, 850, 851, 852— 854, Suppl. 98, 855, Suppl. 86, 91, 92, 95, 97 and 98.

This YerzeiehmBS seems certain at first sight pretty big, but you can still draw Icanm from it, that the Eufer imprint is just as vivid during sole control ation of Gallienus than before it. You can find it though on this record the entire collection of copper coins of Gallienus with AVG again, but it is shown above that These are by no means all from the period after captivity Valerian's origin; from the copper coins of Gal- On the other hand, you can naturally find lienus with AVGG for the most part on the common record copper coins of the Yalerian and Gallienus, but still there are quite a few left over from the last mentioned record. Of the rest, most are either older Authors cited, or are listed as singularities of some kind Collection cited. In addition, several due to the missing Loaning PCs may need to be viewed as medallions. That the senatorial Eupfer coinage in the later desire years of Gallienus must be viewed as almost over,

Numismat. Investigations about the later Roman imperial period, n.s.w.

#•

will also be rewarded if the misdemeanor order is taken. ring number of actual copper coins of the following Period considered. ^

4. Coins entitled Germanicos.

It cannot be proven that the title Germanicns in the obverse inscription on coins from the sole government of Gallienus; from the dated looks it is said that it began in the year 256 or 257 ^) and that it still occurs in the year 259^); but after this time has There are no dated coins from Gallienus with this nickname. However, since it often appears on undated coins, it may be necessary for a more detailed examination - looks to give about this. On the following golden and pictures lonmttnzen you can find this title

126 127 128 381 382 401 403 474 475 508 636 670 672 674 675 Suppl. 32 77

Everyone with me AVGG

in the lapel Um- writing.

56 = Valerian 17-19 70 cf. Wiczay 2643

135

161

167

489 = Valerian 113-117

569

617-618=Valerian 151

622-623

625-628

658 } ^^' ^^»• Suppl. 19

24

53

^Victoria f Germanica

1) Cohen 426, 427, cf. Eckhel VII, 8. 390, 391, 410ff.

2) Cohen 441.

90 I>r* P* Broek,

Also on drying copper caps

778 = Valerian 195-197

742 = Valerian 180, 181 754 = Valerian 186, 187 769 = Valerian 19?, 194 794—797, of which 795, 796 =

Valerian 201-203 807

812-813 = Valerian 206 819 828 841 = Valerian 215-217

781 = Wiczay 2803 788

845-847 = Valerian 221 850 858 Suppl.

84 cf. Valerian Snppl. 13 90 = Valerian 199

The undated coins with the Germanic title give how one can see from the listed list that- same result as the dated ones, in that the epithet in question iheils appears on coins with AVG6 in the Reyersum script, of which, moreover, most of them are actually for Valerian and Gallienus are common, partly on other masks common reverses, or on which there is an indication in anticipation of the aforementioned victory. The number of completely un- This means that tuned mtnzen with the Grermanicus title become one pretty insignificant reduced.

From the Mttnzen^ in their reverse inscriptions Hinden- There are a few examples of the wars with the Germanic peoples certainly during the communal reign of Valerian and Gaul, like the VICTORIAE AVGG IT types GERM and GERMANICVS MAX TER, which with the Heads of both on the averses can be found ^j . The caps with GERMANICVS MAXIMVS and GERMANICVS MAX V On the other hand, not with Valerian's head, but only with that of Gallienus before 2). The obverse inscriptions indicate

1) Valerian 154, löö; Gallienus 635, 636 - Valerian 54, Gallienus 186, ▼see Eckhei VU, pp. 385, 401.

2) 185, 187-190, etc. Suppl. 22-24.

Nomismat. Investigations into the early Roman imperial period, etc. 91

which is closest to the later years of the community Uchen division of Valerian and Gallienn, and the MetaU is according to Cohen ^) always of the better kind. If therefore these coins were minted after Valerian's imprisonment, There is hardly any reason for this assumption after what has been stated is present, this will certainly have happened at least shortly afterwards. see; for as it seems in the year 262 Postomns took the same title ^), according to Eckhel ^) certainly for his equal entitled to the honorary title of conqueror of the Germanic peoples claim.

5. The Decennal Dances.

With regard to Gallienus' decennal millenniums, so far there was some uncertainty. While with Eckhel ^) in it was agreed with VOT X ET XX ^) in the year 263 in which, according to Trebellius, he wrote his decennals celebrated, and from which one can see Alexandrian capes A€KA€THPIC KYPIOY«), on the other hand, you have the ttbri- gen, on which the reference to the Yicennalia is missing is placed at the beginning of his desire; and as confirmation It can also be stated that Valerian says something similar liche in billon and bronze can have 7), which consequently could not have come from such a late period. It has to It should be noted that the billon mttnze of Valerian ^) only in The British Museum's copy appears to be known Copper coins, on the other hand, are certainly ordinary

1) IV, p. 348.

2) Cohen, PoBttunn« 43.

3) VII, p. 439.

4) VII, p. 393.

5) Cohen 710, 711, Suppl. 81.

6) Eckhel VII, p. 393; IV, p. 91.

7) 172, 223, 224.

8) No. 172.

92 I>r. P. Biook,

the eoiiqweoheiids yon .GaUienoB ^) ; and there «iaige voa the lethal- ^luuinten mk P LIC^) in the Averenin script Yorkommeii, like By the way, all Decennalmttnzen Valeriana have these names, one is certainly justified in placing this in the beginning of the g^no- to set the economic segiisning of the Yalerian and Gaul. However, the situation is different with the other decennals. nüinsen des öallienns in BUlon <) ; because these have the shortness Aversamschrift GALLIEN VS AVG, which according to the above Note that 253 or 254 may have been used^). It is also characteristic that while some of the er- Decennal dances suggested a goddess of victory on a — hung on a flag tree - writing shields, have ^), one finds coins from both Yalerian ®) and Gallienus ^). with VOTA ORB IS and two goddesses of victory, which one Hang the sign on a palm tree, and in the averse Writing of all of these occurs P LIC. There's a lot to be said about it- here for it, these BiUon Decennal dances with the corresponding ones copper coins without P LIC in the obverse script ^) dem Attributed to year 263.

6. The Legion Coins.

In the previous investigation, we only had those had inscriptions in mind; but the properties of the me- talles, are also of great importance for determining time of the coins. The results obtained from the inscriptions

1) 869-865.

2) No. 859-861.

3) Nos. 699-701, 704-709.

4) In addition, the rake P appears on one of these coins (No. 701), and from what follows it will be clear that such a mark does not exist either can come from such an early point in time.

5) 699-701.

6) Yalerian 170, 171, Suppl. 12.

7) GaUienus 702, 703.

8) OaUienus 862-865, SuppL 103.

Numlsmat. Unterschmigen about the later Roman Empire, n. s. w. 93

IndeseeU in the West by the Cobei»^)«nge- ffflirten Becribaelrtimgeii nk Rllekeieht auf des Oeball äet BU^ lonmttBEen confirmed^ while Moiehrere requested above Deviation^ from the usual behavior with reference to the inscriptions yidkicht can be explained by that», as Cohen notes, coins were also minted in Syria are. As for the Legion smttnzen^), which through their constant, short obverse script GAL.LIENVS AV6 in connection The fact that she doesn't even think about Valerian's head come, point to the rule of the QalKenus, soU imr be noticed that when they are in the cone of better metal, which was almost completely lost in the period mentioned. was visually sore, the explanation must be sought in the fact that They were undoubtedly destined for soldier's wages and that it was in that time - the period of the so-called thirty Tyrants - 'it was particularly important that these in some times'^ a lot of good work was done. It is therefore certainly without Reason that the legion coins in the catalog of the collection in Naples on the communal government of the Yalerian and Gallienus are related.

6. Di^ Mttnzmärken.

1. The Yalerian and Community Government

Gallienus.

On Valerian's silver coins you will never find the im Numbers or points mentioned in previous sections, neither on the obverse, still on the reverses; on the other hand, come to deA The latter sometimes contain individual letters, as a rule P, S' or Q ^) (prima, secunda, quarta officina); if at

1) IV, pp. 347-348.

2) No. 258-322, Suppl. 34.

3) Rtmus 59; Cohen 35, 36, 57, 60, 100.

94 ^-P* Brock,

Cohen ^] states that in addition to Q there are also 9 or O. comes, these characters can certainly be seen as a poorly made Q explain. On a single coin of the Mariniana, which the Valerian's wife seems to have been ^) , comes V ^) (quinta offidna). The copper caps of Valerian's government also do not offer any brands.

If you now ask which period of government Valerian's brands belong to the answer according to the above chronological investigations carried out can hardly be doubted be. Although the stamps on Valerian's masks are yorkom^ men, both when P LIC is in the transcription and when this names are measured, it must certainly be assumed that they were used at the earliest in 257; because she never appear on the dated coins, neither from this emperor still clay (jallienus from the years 254, 255, 256 and 257 before, in which the transcriptions with P LIC clearly predominate- «chend are, while only with the last-mentioned years on A transcription without these names begins in Valerian's battles. It is interesting in this regard that two of the above mentioned Mttnzen by Valerian with Q on the same Reyerse *) with two different Ayersens, the one with the Transcript IMP C P LIC VALERjANVS P F AVG, dem others with IMP VALERIANVS AVG, and that precisely these same Ayerse with different Reyersen from the year 257 *) yor- come. When you finally see the dated caps of Gallienus If you look at it, you will notice that on these in the year 258 one of the same stamps as on those of Valerian, namely- The letter S ^) shows.

1) Cohen, ibid. 110.

2) Eckhel yn, p. 388.

3) Cohen, Marlniana Ö (in British Mos.).

4) Cohen 35, 36.

5) Cohen 103-105.

6) Cohen, GaUienus 434, 435,

#

Nnmlsnut. Untenneliaiigeii & about the «piteie tSmUche K«iaeneit, n. s. w. 95

From the whole collection of gold and silver coins of the Oallienns with AVGG, which according to the above yor There are also stories that must have been shaped by Valerian's captivity only two that have stamps, No. 401 with T or Vy and No. 402 with V. The first mentioned, which in the Obverse script GM has which reading is undoubtedly the correct one instead of C III is indicated by the title Germanicus Maximus to the later years of Valerian's reign, after 256 or 257, compare above; and the latter has an obverse* Inscription IMP GALLIENVS AVG, which dated to his Coins from the years 257 to 259, see above, occur and which of the Valerians IMP VALERIANVS AVG are speaks, which, as noted above, is partly on dated coins. zen of 257, partly on coins with the marks S and Q ^) occurs.

When looking at all the gold and billon coins of the Gallienus with P LIC in the obverse script

36, 37, 45, 46, 57, 64, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92,

114, 123, 124, 125, 130, 131, 132, 156, 178, 179, 186,

208, 209, 220, 221, 222, 224, 225, 251, 252, 256, 332,

333, 334, 335, 336, 343, 379, 383, 394, 400, 412, 419,

421, 423, 424, 428, 476, 487, 490, 492, 494, 553, 584,

594, 607, 608, 609, 610, 615, 619, 634, 635, 652, 668,

671, 676, 677, 679, 680, 681, 683, 687, 688, 702, J03,

Suppl. 16, 46, 55, 69, 71, 78, 79

you will notice that none of these are marked with letters. to see is; only No. 490 sometimes has two points, which after to what was noted above under Hostilian, Gallus and Volusian interpret the beginning of the reign of Gallienus. From No. 45 and 492, whose reverses are simply referred to as mSme reverses.

1) Cohen, Valer Un 60, 35.

90 Dl. P. Bncli,

can moht with Si^erhfit «next to w^dea, whether P XV or the star, which points to the respectiTen yorhexgeheadra NammerB vat^ come, are also attached to them; none of these There are two Mtlnxes in the Firanz-Mischben collection asa, and Cohen did not specify where he met her has. It is therefore probable in and of itself^ that only the transcriptions and the representations with the previous The coins going out match, but the tokens don't; every- If so, these are not at all of the same type as the other brands aas dM later years of the community government dea Vaierian and OaUienus, and that the star probably came Class of the actual coin mafken can be counted, The same seems to apply to P XV. This book Letters certainly indicate, unedited Cohen i) the explanation does not like to allow the fifteenth tribunate of Gallienus (year 267), and this opinion is confirmed by the fact that otherwise always only on Mttnzen with the one from the later desires years of the (jallienus known short Ayersum script GAi. LIENVS AVG yorkommen^). One can therefore certainly assume that men that the Beyers of the number 45 only with consideration the transcription and representation refer to the previous number mer refers, but not what P XV concerns.

While the individuals on the billon coins of Gallienus with the Germanicus title the brands P , T and V ^) the validity of referring these to later years Confirming Valerian's desire can also be cited that of the 66 millenniums cited by Cohen from Salo- ninus *) , of which the bede can be here, only two with mar-

1) IV, p. 356, note 1.

2) Cohen 44, 143, 216, 223 cf. Suppl. pp. 266, 344, 499, 531, 660.

3) Coli€ii, QaUlonut 401, 6Ö6.

4) Cohen, Saloninos 2-61, Suppl. 1-6.

# #

NumifliDAt. Below about the later Roman imperial period, q. s.w. 97

ken are committed, namely with P and S ^) ; these include the following- lent to the same series (prima, secunda) that before the prison seems to be shaped by Valerian. As is well known not a little doubt about Valerian's family ^ ; but it It is not necessary to take this into account here; because on * which says one of the coins mentioned: LIC COR SAL VA LERIANVS N CAES and on the other: DIVO CAES VALERIANO, and there is no doubt that these transliterations denote the son of GaUienüs, who took the throne rise of the father and grandfather Caesar ward and in was killed by Postumus in Cologne in the year 259. These coins Furthermore, they are all made of the relatively better metal, which the joint government of Valerian and Gal- lienus characterized. It is also not necessary to do so The question is whether there are coins from the younger Valerian exists, because on none of the coins enclosed with it by Cohen Brands occur^).

Finally I want to draw attention to a coin which is somewhat surprising due to its special reverse inscription caused, namely the billon coin of the Empress Salonina with AVG IN FACE or AVGVSTA IN PACM). After Eckhel '^j some have assumed that this coin was made by some one of the so-called thirty tyrants to mock the Empress is minted^ as it is in consideration of the coins of Gallienus with the transliteration VBIQVE, which was not true at the time PAX is accepted"). Cohen ^) seems to agree

1) Cohen, ibid. 51, 7.

2) M&rch&nt, Lettres, p. 498 — 5Ö2.

3) Cohen, Valerien Jeune 1 — 10.

4) Cohen, S&lonina 14-16.

5) VII, p. 419..

6) Cohen, Oallienus 545 - 549, see the illustration.

7) IV, p. 464, mtfd. 14.

Magazine for Namismatics. III.

M I>r. P. Block,

be, dsM e» is a type of CdMeovatioiiBinttnse; but the AversimiBchrifteii SALON INA AVG mid CORN SALON INA AVG doesn't even know how to use money the transliteration DIVA SALON INA. EckheP) believes, that they were probably at the time of GaUienn's murder has been minted, and in any case their Alexandrian ones go Coins up to the year 1 5 ^J , therefore almost as far as that of Gallienus, to exist from Mttnzra to the year 16 seem ^) . Under these circumstances there is no reason To view Mttnze as a Gonsecration Mttnze, that too

m

Metal and the style are not of the worst kind are; But in addition, in the section it is precisely the from the later years of the communal desire of Valerian and Gallieau's well-known brands P, S and MS (except S I). A find from 1856 near Veillom in the Vendöe ^) makes it even more likely that this Coins with the others from Valerian, Gallienus and Saloninus the corresponding brands are at the same time. Except one Lot of excellently preserved coins from Postumus (about 20,000 pieces), the youngest of which are from his third Gonsu late were, which fell in the year 260, (his fourth consulship he wore in the year 265 ^) , some examples were found plare of the coins mentioned here; these seem because of her to have been in circulation for some time in less good condition, before they were buried ^) ; Coins from Victorinus, who Augustus in 265 did not occur. The find... also held some oriental ones, namely one of Pescennius Niger, one of Macrianus and one of Quietus, and there the desire-

1) vn, p. 419.

2) A. V. Sallet, The data of alex&ndrinUcben KaisermünBen, p. 76.

3) A. V. SaUet, a. St. p. 73 fr.-

4) Review nom. fr. 1857, pp. 65-74.

5) Eekbel VII, pp. 438, 440.

6) ReToe num. fr. 1857, p. 243.

Numisnut. Information about the later Roman Empire, etc. IQl

VII C and P On some of their copper caps one marks, namely S, Q and VI ^j. Q and VI are safe, since there are coins with these in the French collection ^) which and these are provided with SC. S, on the other hand, is something doubtful, since it is only cited after Wiczay*); but there SC seems to be missing, one might think that C is missing is falling.

C. Overview of the result of the previous ones

Investigations.

If we briefly summarize what has been said, the following can be said: The following rules take into account the coins of Valerian and Oallienus can be placed:

A. The Community Government: 253 - 260. AVGG in the

Reverse transcriptions usual. The Decennal Dances Valerian and part of those of Gallienus listen to this period.|

253-257. P LIC anticipating in the obverse inscriptions. No mttnz stamps.

257 - 260. P LIC omitted in the obverses. Officin brands, although not very common. The device manicus titles and Germanic types.

B. The sole government 260 - 268. AVG in the reverse

fonts usually. Short obverse writings. Officin brands usually. Legion coins.

1) Cohen, Salonina 10, 76.

2) Ck)hen, 119-121, 124.

3) Cohen 119 and 120, 121 to B&ndori.

4) No. 2890; Cohen 124.

100 I>v- P* "Bmcky

which they are almost all ranked in the number series from 1 to 12 can, as can be seen from the following overview:

1 2 3

4 5

6

7

8 9

)0

11

12

MP MS MT

PST

Q

1 II III

IV V

VI

IX

X

XI

Xif

DEPT

A€

3

Z

H

SI,SP SM,PII

There are also SPQR, PXV, VII C, a branch and N or H, SD, C, M, MC and O.

There can be no doubt that M means moneta as on coins of a somewhat later period; but during SM later usually sacra moneta means (compare the coins of Tetrarchy with the complete reverse legend SACRA MO NETA etc.), is shown on the coins of the GalUenus S in SM or MS, with MP and MT held together, as a secunda be explained. In another connection, however, S can signata can be explained (Sl, SP) like P in P II perhaps per- cussa means; the attached letters are easily as the department number of the office is explained. When you finally consider how bad the letters on the coins of the 6al If you are often exposed, you will see that the few other brands N, M, C, MC, O and SD in many cases perhaps incorrect for III, IUI, S, MS (see the correction Cohens Suppl. p. 266 with regard to No. 438) Q and SP have been read. SPQR is not to explain it, and about P XV and VII C see above, which shows that the of Cohen's brand originally read as NC perhaps more so MS is.

Some of the ones found on the coins of Gallienus You will naturally also find the following brands on them the Empress Salonina, even those belonging only to Gkillienus

Mi s c e 1 1 e n.

necrologist. Akerman f. Died on November 18, 1873 Abingdon, the well-deserved founder of the »Nnmismatic Chro- nicle«^ John Yonge Akerman. The last issue of the magazine gives a description of the deceased along with one Directory of the numerous numismatic and archaeological schen works of the same, including the Nnmismatic Manual and the ancient coins of cities, which unfortunately are no longer being continued and princes (London 1846) are the best known.

Grotefend f. On October 28th In 1874 he died in Hanover Go. Arcbrvrath Dr. Orotefend, one of our most deserving Nn- mismatic. As is well known, it was Grotefend who was dependent from the simultaneous research of English scholars native transcriptions of the Bactrian coins in his Painstakingly critical undertaking: »The coins of the Greek sdie etc. kings of Bactria and the countries on the Indns", Hanover 1839, interpreted correctly. Also anda^ important for* We owe it to Grotefend, e.g. B. the processing of the geographiselm Theiles in Werlhof's Handbook of Greek Numismatics. A.v. S.

The counterfeits of Roman ice coins the large factory in Udine, the exact location of which we Mr Trau (Wiener Num. Zeitschr. HI) are largely due

10) I^* P* Bioflk, Nnmiimat. Below. About d. late idm. Ksleeneii, n.t. w.

BilloBmnii»tti ton bad salary. Yielldcht Germanic types, up to 262. DeceAnalmlbUBen with reference to the Yicennatien^

and some without these. The caperm^n coins begin.

Eopenhagen.

Dr. P Brock.

v»

Miscellaneous. 105

Value designation of the decadrachms and dop* Peldecadrachms from Syracuse. Head yermnthet in be- an excellent work: On the chronological sequence of the coins of Syracnse (p. 20) that the two angels next to the Female head of a specimen of the gold coin from Syracuse with Heracles strangling the lion according to the value of this piece denote two decadrachms. This will be is confirmed by a decadrachmon, which is quite accurate in style with those henian gold coins (from Eoaenetus). Up This is behind the head, which is also the case with the gold coins occurring star ^ but in front of him a ball ^ so probably here designation of the unit, the two Balls on the gold coin as a designation of the double piece correspond. — The gold coins mentioned are well known Works by Cimon, some of which are labeled with the artist's name and the Euaenetns, around 400 BC. minted; although the already often expressed cone: that the coins of the Greek Chinese peninsula are of a grander style than those of Sicily and Italy, is generally correct, then when arriving view of the heads as well as the back side of the discussed Syracuse- Niche gold coins silence all criticism: they belong to the The most beautiful and magnificent thing we have from Greek art is preserved. A v S

rejoinder.

In the second volume of this magazine, Mr. Gand. philos. S. Bergsöe makes some comments against my treatise on Presumable evidence of Wendish invasions in Denmark written. The honored author, however, seems to to have misunderstood the plot: it only contains a hypothetical thesis, as in the title; is noticed. Mr. Bergsöe Overall, he only makes negative comments but not at all shown that my theory is in conflict with that

104 miscellaneous.

for the instructive collection of forgeries from the Berlin Mttnz- cabinet was purchased. The aspects are partly astonishing Counterfeiting is by no means to be viewed as finished: the Factory continues to work; I saw, for example, Pescennius Niger with Tro- paeum on the back page, as well as a bronze Nigrinian, among others. Undisputedly from the same factory, also duplicates of the one from Trau published coins. These extremely dangerous falsifications have fooled even the most experienced numismatists and coin dealers and certainly found its way into many a collection. It is now decidedly to advise against it, without any prior precise decision Examining coins (of all three metals) of the latest emperors to buy Northern Italy. The patina is completely incomprehensible to me of Flemish coins; you almost want recoinages to be more outwardly accept pieces. ^^g

The famous collection of Orafen Prokesch East, which is known to be only Greek autonomous and Contains Eönigsmttnzen, was purchased by the Berlin Museum the, already completely unpacked and is now in the collection listed. This is in addition to Fox's collection Greatest purchase ever made by the Berlin Coin Cabinet has been made The splendors of the Prokesch collection are known: it contains the (gold coin from Metapontum, the Gold stater, three parts of the same and the magnificent deca- drachmon of Athens, the great gold medallion of Tyre, the tetradrachm of Eersibaulos, that of Hjspaosines yon Gharax, the captain of the Olbian-Scythian king Phar- zoios, eng gold stater of Timarchus of Babylonia, etc. Perhaps the Berlin Coin Cabinet should now be completely on a par stand next to that of London and Paris, yes the same, what Greek autonomous and royal monasteries, perhaps over have wings.

A.V.S.

MUceUen. 105

Value designation of the decadrachms and dop* peldecadrachms from Syrakns. Head yermathet in sei- nem treff borrowed work: On the chronological sequence of the coins of Syracnse (p. 20) that the two angels next to the Female head of a specimen of the gold coin from Syracuse with Heracles strangling the lion according to the value of this piece denote two decadrachms. This will be confirmed by a decadrachm, which is quite precise in style with those helical gold coins (from Euaenetus). Up This is behind the head, which is also the case with the gold coins occurring star ^ but in front of him a ball ^ so probably here designation of the unit, the two Balls on the gold coin as a designation of the double piece correspond. — The gold coins mentioned are well known Works by Cimon, some of which are labeled with the artist's name and Euaenetus, around 400 y. minted; although the rule that has often been stated: that the coins of the Greek Chinese peninsula are of a grander style than those of Sicily and Italy, is generally correct, then when arriving view of the heads as well as the back side of the discussed Syracuse- Niche gold coins silence all criticism: they belong to the The most beautiful and magnificent thing we have from Greek art is preserved. A.v. S

rejoinder.

In the second volume of this magazine, Mr. Cand. philos. S. Bergsöe makes some comments against my treatise on Presumable evidence of Wendish invasions in Denmark written. The honored author, however, seems to to have misunderstood the plot: it only contains a hypothetical thesis, as already noted in the title. Mr. Bergsöe Overall, he only makes negative comments but not at all shown that my theory is in conflict with that

106 Mf8Cftll«H.

Amsfoeute of previous research stands ; just where you have a criticism Expected from the arguments I have given, he limits it I would then say that it would be too broad on this one. (p. 262). Just an attempt at a positive outcome one meets the honored author, namely with reticksidit on the find from Liileborg on Bomholm, in which Mttnzen Tone available to one of the Waldemare, Erik, Abel and Ghristopher who were and which ones because of them in more detail in my treatise The circumstances mentioned are set in the year 1260, when Jarimar von Rügen devastated the island. In this regard, Mr. BeiKs6e comments, that this time determination is uncertain, since the Waldemare dates from 1157 -•1375 ruled. In the antiquarian annals, which I I have also approached the German texts, Thomson, dese^i The honorable author probably has authority on this question will be recognized, it has been sufficiently clearly shown that the relevant The coins found belong to the period I assume must, especially since one of these is from Archbishop Uffo Thmg- otsen in Lund (1228 - 1252). In general, you know kdne coins from Waldemar Eriksen (1326^1330) or from Waldemar Atterdag (1340-1375). But if this is the mean The conclusion of the honored author's argument is that one I have to have coins from these two Waidemars Allow me to note that this assumption is due to recent Finds have long since been abandoned.

Dr. P Brock.

^

Uterst no. fot

Literature.

J. and A. Erbstein: List of Donbletten des K. Mttnzkabinets s^u Dresden, which Tom April 20, 1875 to be sold at public auction. Dresden 1875. 8. p. 130 with 1 illustration.

The Hm. authors are such solid writers known in the field of coin studies that we expect are entitled to use, they are also subjected to brittle materials. know how to gain interest. And this expectation is true; at the present list of coins and medals to which the E. Mttnzkabinet came to I>esden as a result of the testa^ mental attention of all the equally numerous (28,599 Stttck) as worththroUen r. Roman collection, capable can be separated out as doubles. That among these about 11,000 units, to which 435 numbers of banks are connected are, some sights are located, it is self-evident, Perhaps even more important is the sequence of the Saxon Mtnzen The collector is offered here in such abundance it will not easily happen again.

But the nature of the pieces presented is interesting mainly just as long as the opportunity to acquire them exists ; However, the present directory has lasting value. nis through three properties that are evident in such work are rare and almost never found together. Firstly, they are Coins using all the latest research consistently correctly defined and short, but complete and precise sufficient, and, a rare advantage, citing literature described. Then the arrangement is exemplary Can be found in any way, including through the included overview table and table of contents for convenience; only it would be useful

108 Liuntar.

would have been more massive if instead of being repeated on 136 pages Heading “Germany” on each right-hand page the relevant corresponding geographical subdivision would be specified. Finally but are now and then comments about contentious and dark ones Questions interspersed. The most important thing in this regard is small treatise, with which p. 76 no. 1398 as a result of the Discovery of a large bowl-shaped bracteate with two birds and the declining transliteration RDORVaH the SVSÄir- chen Adorf in Voigtlande was only recently used as a mint another bracteate (known as H*7C*D*P"N*SI2] Heinrich (1244-95 or 96), who had become chief court judge Mttnzkunde is introduced. It is not without reason that Hm. Review this article for its importance to those above Faldem and about Friesack in their lists of Schell* hassic collection to the side ^).

After all that has been said, this catalog ranks as an apt as a means of intervention in the comparatively poor literature German medieval dances and awakens in us the desire that the Hm. Erbstein would once again use their strength for greater work . would like to turn to; their Saxon compatriots, the Vor- passage of their two numismatic ancestors, that is. v. Bömer Bei- game let them appear before everyone as a calling, in order to do so sorely missed second part of Posem's work

to bring to light about Saxony's coins in the Middle Ages.

H.D.

C. A. Holmboe, Bröholtfoundet. Mynter fra lOde og Ute Aarhundred speech. 8. P. 45. V plates (special impression from Viden sea- Bernese Selskab Forhandlinger for 1868.

The very detailed illustrations borrowed from yortreff glided description of a written between 1060 and 1070

1) This bracteate by Adorf was purchased by the Berliner Münzcablnet.

A.T. 8.

Literature. 109

laid in 1867 in Bröholt (Baskerad Office, Ghri Monastery) stiania) ani^ dug treasure of about 400 tons,

There are 4 new ones among the German mtnzen: No. 152 (Plate. II, 18), which Mr. Author left undefined, but according to stamp and written remains - RFE»»»» without a doubt Erfurt belongs, No. 158 Dortmund, No. 181 Deventer, Heinrich H. (whether it's quite certain?) and No. 196 a Wttrzburg Obol, completely like denarii of salvation. Bruno. Otherwise, significant and inter-

1) Not 1042^1047 as it says on page 6.

110 Uterft no.

eBsante deutBcbe Mttnaeii kaim Yorlia]ide&, and the importance such finds, which are highlighted on page 22, are shown by aicb more in confirmation of the known than in Gtewinnong neaer Results. Because neither the Zntheilong of the much discussed Speier denarius to Heinrich II and Konrad 11. (No. 148), Nor that of Bernhard with Eirchen&hne because of the alleged but still more than unclear title EPS (No. 213) to one Bishop Bernhard, who cannot be verified, should be applauded.

The indeterminate coins, which are listed at the end under No. 200 - 242 are listed, can largely be attributed to bring. No. 201 and 234 are Groninger of Bishop Bemolf; No. 202 is a Begensburg of Henry VI (with Konrads n. names) ; No. 205-^6 Quedlinburg ; No. 208 is a replica coin, which Gappe has reinterpreted as a Deyenterian Konrad (K. I, plate XXn, 365); No. 211 Bernhard, Lüneburg (Böh- mer, Sachs. Gr. Cab. I, 1); No. 212 Deventer, Bemolf, with S. Lebuin's heads; No. 215 Hildesheim, Konrad U. or Hein- rich in.; No. 216-17 Gonstanz B. Waetmar (cat. Thomsen 4467) ; No. 218 and 232 imitation Adelheid denarii; No. 219 XL 230 Trier, Poppo (Mittheü. Plate IX, 95-96) ; No. 220 Na^ mur?; No. 224 Speier; No. 221^ Dutch, see Beri. Bl. m, plate XXVI, 7) ; No. 228 Köhi, Hermann E. [Bf. the church building) appears lying down in the illustration); No. 238 Magdeburg; No. 240 probably by Dietrich II of Metz, although the transcription is more like P than D (eodericus PT) seems to be beginning. You would also like to see No. 153 after Thiele^ No. 1 54 to Deventer and No. 124 to Ethelred (ygl. communication. Plate X, 142).

We are sincerely grateful to the Hm. Author ftb: the big one Conscientiousness with which he gets rid of his information has. It would be better for our knowledge of the matter in question branch of coin studies, when we see many such scrupulous finds descriptions like this one or that of Egersunder

Literature. i 1 1

treasure, with which he compiled the series of discovery reports had eriMSTnet in an exemplary manner. And the images themselves of the worst specimens give us a faithful picture, Hast dem Originals indeed, completely different from e.g. B. the ones that cap us delivered and according to his largely very wrong Aa^ has truncated it so that it gives us sad poetry instead serious truth is enough. H.D.

Numismatic Journal (Vienna) IV, 2nd half of the year. Vienna 1875. To highlight the content: Bergmann, E. v., the beginnings of money in Egypt. — Blue, 0., Aramaean legends on coins of Athenian vessels embossed The inscription of the Athenian tetradrachm The reprinted piece is read Srgn, Sargon. — car Nome Thracian coins from the Prokesh collection East. [Tablet VHI and IX.) Catalog of Thracian coins the famous collection now purchased by the Berlin Museum including the rare Thracian tetradrachm, excellent lish rows of Abdera and Aenus, the large silver coin of Chersonesus with S3X, the unknown king Eersibaulos (im Text Chersibaulosj and a. Kenner, F., Phrygian coins (Plate X), including particularly interesting rare coins Cities of Appia, Siblia (Domna), also Laodicea and Metropolis (Titus and Domitian) with an as yet unexplained legend. The operator Office of the coins of Acmonia under Nero is not called Gerve- nius, but Servenius, as several clear ones are before me Coins prove. The fruit on the coins of Synnada - next to the ear of corn - is, as the Berlin example proves, a poppy head, i.e. types of Demeter and Kora (similar to Athenian silver and copper coins). The Collector »Rous- houttt is the future Lord Northwich. — In the literature Be- cension of Portolaka's Catalog of the Athens Collection. That the coins with ZAP and ZAPATOKO »a dynast

112

Literature.

I already have 1$73 in the name Saratokos this magazine in a separate article »Saratokos^ Thraki- "Scher Dynast" is sought to be proven.

That in the first issue of the fourth volume of the Vienna magazine The silver medallion of Focas discussed is, as we - Iried- laender and I - nns here according to the original version have testified, wrong, perhaps because of the dangerous Udinese

Factory.

A.V.S.

Business administration.

Page 27

stott #4 read 5.

"27

No. 5 “ 6.

n27

"No. 6" 4.

"28

above f, No. 5,, 6.

,, 28 under No. 1 instead of No. 6,, 4.

"28

“ No. 2a “ No. 5 “ 6.

"28

“ No. 26 “ No. 4 “ 5.

"28

BUtt No. 4,, 1.

"28

"No. 4 and 5 read 1 and 2

n28

Nos. 4-6 read i-3.

Keys and distaffs.

While the owner and publisher of the above in wooden cut repeated small silver coin (Tritetartemorion). Argos ^), Mr. Imhoof-Blumer (Choix de Monnaies grecques pl. H no. 64; cf. Vienna. Nnmism. Ztschr. IE p. 406), which is on the The object shown on the reverse side is a key ^) explains, sees P. Lambros discussing the coin in this magazine (H p. 176 f, 6) in it a distaff, with the consent of Hmm. Postolakka. Since the item in question is on others Monuments, vase paintings and reliefs, repeated several times gets - both learned explainers also look for their differences to support interpretation by appealing to these repetitions - , This seems to me to be a thorough investigation of the matter in question Gteräth is in place, especially since it is made from the relevant material In my opinion, make a very safe decision lets.

1) The Berlin Mfinzcabinet, where the show is located, has a second copy. bert^seven estate.

2) Sbenio Overbeck Gr. Knstmyth. Hera p. 101, 7. Z«itMhrift for Komlamaiik. III. 8

114

H. Heydenann,

At the beginning of a series ^) of imteritalian vase pictures can be found we the object in question ^) the Argyyan coin as similar as possible to the attached woodcuts more clearly than all descriptions show:

x-y

a Petersb. Hermitage no. 349: abg. Stephani CR. 1863. Plate VI, 5.

* Ibid. no. 452: abg. Mon. delF Inst. VI. VII. Plate 71, 2.

c Ibid. no. 420 : abg. Mon. delV Inst. VI. VII. Plate 66.

d Ibid. no. 1734: abg. Stephani CR. 1863. P. 213.

e Collect the heart. y. Buckingham: abg. Mon. dell^ Inst. IV. Plate 51; etc.

/ Coll. Barone: abg. Bull. Ital. I. Plate 7.

g Collection Jatta no. 1499: abg. Rochette Mon. inöd. Plate 76, 8 ; etc.

1) GeMmmelt e.g. B. aach from Stephtni CR. 1863. pp. 273, 1 ; a. a.

2) The white or yellowish color with which the oer&th is usually on the vases If it is at least painted, it shows that it is made of “metal”; from the comparison with the Orosse of the figures that hold it results in a considerable length, up to three feet. *

Keys and distaffs. XI5

and he finds himself in the hands of the Artemia priests Ipbig^e among the Taurem [c e f) or the Delphic Py-^ thia in depictions of the flight of Orestes ¥or the Srinyen ( a d g) y and also a Pnester is the one who puts him on the The length of the representation has not yet been sufficiently interpreted b ^) mi the shoulder carries. The knotted woolen bandages that are on the Coin clearly hanging down as jewelry are also on eiiiigien Yasenbildem present [ade] and are also probably in c (cf. below h ) is meant, while b shows a simple tenie, / and g on the other hand, appear without any decorative additions. Like that shorter top leg of the device on the coin with a If the decorative ejiopf ends, it also ends on the Yasen- form more rarely without any degree [a d] ^ more commonly more with a crowning decoration [b e f g)\ arbitrary and the arrowhead-like crown on one is strange Petersburg vase c.

The same Gteräth, only partially hidden by folds of clothing covers, can also be seen in Iphigenia's left hand on a vase from the Naples collection (no. 3223: abg. Mon. dell' Inst. after plate 43; etc.), and is broken in the middle Pythia rushes away in extreme consternation Orestes vase from the same museum (no. 3249: copy Jahn Vasenb. Plate I; et al.]; finally it is also in the fleeting drawing The following woodcuts (see p. 116) cannot be mistaken, where the sharp Becht angularity that appeared in the earlier depictions regulations [a - g) are adhered to more or less strictly, is neglected, but the three legs from which the counter- status exists, but are still clearly recognizable; wears twice him in this form the priestess of Athena, once at Rob the Palladion [k]^ the other time and again with

1) Compare also Heydemann Ilinpersis 8. 19, 7 ff.

8*

1)6 H. Heydeniann,

a wound in the crime of Aiae against Cassandra (h); The Fythia holds the device with a woolen band and button crown during the murder of Neoptolemus in the left arm («). These latter Representations require us to come from Athens Relief of the Berlin Museum (/) <) also the same object in the hand of a priestess, as Petersen did recognized.

.'/

/,

''/

«jS^

h Vienna. vases. IV, 100: abg. LabordeVas. Lambergl.

Plate 24 ; etc. f Collection Caputi in Buvo: abg. Ann. dell' Inst. 1868.

Plate E. k Neap. vases. no. 3231: abg. Ann. dell' Inst. 1858.

Plate M.

Why is this so often in the hands of the priestesses? proven equipment? As far as I can tell, R. Rochette ;Mon. dull. p. 419 to plate 76, 8), 0. Jahn (Ztschr. f. Alterthumsw. 1840. P. 829ff. and Ann. dell' Inst. 1848 p. 208 ss.) and Minervini (Bull. Napol. n p. 109 and 141) independently of each other a key, namely the temple key for the priestesses Key^ recognized: an interpretation that will soon become universal

1) sculptor. no. 462: abg. Arch. ZtR. 1857. Plate 105 and Michaelis Parth. Plate XV, 7; Daily Petersen Arch. Ztg. 18(34 p. 150 ff. and art by Pheid. p. 41 f.; Michaelis a. a. 0. p. 279 f.; etc. That there is definitely a priesthood Athena must be (Schöne Qr. Rel. pp. 44, 81), Termag i can't see.

2} Compare plus Callimachus H. in Ger. 45 (^xartofiaSiav d'fx^ xXalSa; Sh^. T^y xhlv WC Uquo) and more at Preller Arch. Ztg. 1846 P. 261 ff. - A key of a different shape, similar to today's and Tenrandt, the priestess e.g. B. on the vases of Berl. Yasens. no. 908 (abg. Ann. dell' Inst. 1830. Plate D; etc.) and the Brlt. Museums no. 1383 (abg. Passer! Plct. etc. III. Plate 295; and 5.).

Keys and distaffs. 117

ability ^) , and with every right - recently Mr Colonel A. D. von Gohansen in an attractive essay shown that the same key is still in the mountain huts today the Salzburg Alps in the Qebraach (Annal. of the Association for Nass. Antiquity and business Xm to plate X, 6-12).

But this reference is not even necessary, since we are still own an ancient monument that has remained unnoticed until now, which shows that - to put to rest any doubt - in fact the device in question is a key. On one Red-figure Hydria of Berl, which has been published for a long time. museum (no. 1752: abg. Ghd Trinksch. and Gef. Plate 28) is a scene Greek women's life depicted. In front of the door ^] of The woman's room or the house sits on an armchair Mistress and lets a servant do something on the double Blow the flute, using the index finger of your right hand Tact seems to indicate ; a second servant, which is a small one (I think it's doubly locked) chest on the left Hand carries and looks around at the mistress, hurries towards the door and opens it with the key in his right hand. It is (cf. woodcut m) the same device that we use from the coin and got to know the vase pictures: on the shorter one The girl has an upper thigh with a button grabbed it and put it in the round keyhole to use it (not visible) longer leg holds the bolt of the lock to push back and open the door; cf. e.g. B. Aesch. Choeph. 864 (aAA* avol^are \ Snwg taxi^otOj xai yvvameiovg tcv^ Xag I /AOx^'Oig x^äte) ; Arist. Lysisstr. 310 (xaV fifj tovg (xoxkoig XaliSüiv xtL) ; et al. m. *).

1) See Conze Arch. Ztg. 1862 p. 296; Stephani CR. 1863 p. 273; Jatu Ann. deU* Inst. 1868 p. 240; et al. m.

2) A fringe head is painted on it in slight outlines (or a scratched); Daily the same bad habit on a stele on a vase in Munich (No. 294); on the northern inner wall of the basilica in Pompeii (CIL. IV, 1810 and plate X, 8).

3) The Thfir "close" against it /uoxlovg ifußolletv : Arltt. Thesmoph. 415

Q.S.W.

Hg H. Heydemann,

After all this, it is doubtful that ömb dni- Objectionable noises on the argiytecben mttnze really borrowed one Sehltl8«el represents md the Dentong on the with the WoUMnde festively revered sacred temple keys of Heraion, the Mr. Imhoof-Blnmer sets up is the only thing that is correct.

n.

I have intentionally done this in the investigation so far Attic gravestones [from the Ice Age] left unmentioned, on which Conze (Arch. Ztg. 1862 p. 296] with approval Another ^) also believes that he recognizes a puzzle, while rend the Greek scholars Pittakis, Pervanoglu, Eumanudis et al. (Eph. arch. H p. 81; Sallet Ztschr. f. Numism. 11 p. 177) ») rather see a distaff depicted. Initially I have I see Gonze's interpretation, which at first glance seems so undoubted seems to be completely divided (Ant. Marble sculpture at Athens p. 90 no. 239), but I have now come to the conclusion that the Greek explainers have found the right thing and little- at least on the two well-preserved gravestones Distaff is shown.

These are the following gravestones:

71 o p

n In the Varvakeion at Athens: copied from Eph. arch. H p. 76 no. 81 ; Gunze Arch. Ztg. 1862, p. 296, b. The inscription (Knm. grave inscription no. 550) is: MwjOü, \ K4fi%oSijftov \ Oo-

1) E.g. Stephani; Imhoof Blamer ; a. A

2) nineD also agreed with Michaelis (BnU. dell' inst. 1860 p. 116).

Keys and distaffs. M9

• Ib the so-called Stoa of Hadrian no. 239: abg. Eph. 1. e.

no. 82; Conze a. a. 0. p. 296, a. The inscription (cum.

no. 1094): G€Oq)iXfi | Oavodinov \ ^PafAvovaiov \ &vyaxf^ p Athens (very blurred): abg. Conze a. a. 0. p. 296, e.

The inscription (Cam. no. 1046) : FoQyw \ 0iliarog Uo^

qIov I ^yd%f]Q,

The three-legged shape is exactly the same as that above The key has been proven, and therefore Conze has it the same way fttr Schlttssel explained. But lies at n and o in contrast to the secure keys on the coin and at a - m a not unmissable difference in the short bands or stripes fen, which are tied around the top end of the short thigh These are (especially with n): of course they are not woolen bandages, as we found them above {a - e h t), but rather neither hints of the raw wool (toAütti; pensum), from which the yarn is spun, or else (which is more likely) the ribbons with which the wool is tied to the wocken, and the implements are thereby characterized as distaffs.

If, of course, Pittakis (when the inscription was published to o in Eph. arch. I no. 3655) this form of awakening as which still existed in Greece until this century. He is certainly mistaken, like Kumanudis (Eph. arch. II p. 81) proves; but if Conze op. cit. says, that the distaffs appearing in the vase picture >) are never one have such a shape, I have to contradict that.

The distaff comes in two on ancient monuments very different shapes. The most common form is the straight line, similar to that common in the south today; in kind

1) OoDie says "spindles" - but this is more specifically about the spindles - roekeD, also Wocken or Kunkel (^Aaxari; colus), not about the spindle or Spille {atffwuToq fusus); other Greek terms for these two in- •tmmente linden aicb in Pollux VII, 32. [Cf. also Biamner Technol. and ter- minol. I p. 109 ff.]

120 ^- Heydemann,

and the way the wool is processed, different details ^) . Either the Wocken appears like the one below No. 1, which corresponds to a vase picture found in the Crimea the Petersburg collection (no. 1938: abg. OB. 1863. Plate I, 3) is removed; see also Judica Ant. di Acre plate 17; Bull. Napoleon. m, plate 1; Panofka picture. ans. Live. XIX, 2; Gr. and Greek. I, 6; Naples Bacc. Cum. no. 186 (the drawing is before me); etc. ^). The stick around which the wool is attached is, was formed for any length of time, for example on the Capitoline Mosaic of spinning Hercules, where the hero holds the distaff carried tucked into the belt (abg. Miliin Gal. myth. 118, 454; etc.) ; etc. Or the wocken with the wool appears like this

/•

like the one shown under no. 2 (according to Ghd Auserl. Vas. IV, Plate 302, 308, 3), and this is also how he appears on the relief of the Nerva forums, like a new drawing I have clearly states; other examples to which perhaps the vase image at Jatta Catal. no. 1627 (see ibid. plate I) added can be, says Wieseler Arch. Ber. ttabout his great journey

p. 37.

*

The other form, on the other hand, which is that of Theocritus His friend Nikias's wife adored ivory ntjlaxckrjd can also have had, is the three-legged broken one

1) I only take into account good clear representations.

2) I also agree with the Herculan picture Heibig no. 769 according to Stephanl (OR. 1863. pp. 15, 6, where even more Ampanic wall paintings be listed) to recognize a wocken; On the other hand, certainly not with Ohd Ant. Bildw. Plate 83. [Anders urtheUt Oidechen^ (Uned. Ant. BUdw. I 8. 8ff.) But the rumor in question on murals, seeing it as a “skepticism.”]

Keys and spinning rods. 121

Attic tombstones n o , like an Attic vase picture in the Moseom of the Varvakeion (abg. Heydemann Gr. Vasenb. Plate IX, 5 c). There are three women in the french room: one is lying down just lay down on one Eline to rest, the second one is holding on mocking this laziness, the third with a spindle ^) and Woven in the hands (cf. woodcut q ), over the basket of wool hunched over, continues to work diligently. It's not entirely clear what either she does - there can be no doubt that the three The broken device in the left hand is a distaff. It also has the same shape 2) on the votive tablet of the Cassia Pri- scilla in the Naples Museum (from e.g. Miliin Gal. Myth. 117, 453; see Stephani Rest. Her. p. 202 ff.; Jahn Ber. d. S. Total 1855. P. 230): significantly lie under the figure of the Omphale The hero's bow and quiver, on the other hand, under that of the Hercules the wool basket, the spindle and the distaff (cf. Woodcut r) of the woman^).

These two safe distaffs q and r do that Interpretation of the devices n and o as wocken, like the Greek ones Scholars say, undoubtedly. The representation of the same Tombstones can be seen in the importance of wool spinning for the Greek woman (cf. Hat. Leg. VH p. 805: xeQuidwv a^eiv %ai ndarjg zalaalag) not noticeable. But while the Latin African grave inscriptions with words praise loudly when the ver- the dead diligently turned the spindle (Orelli Inscr. 4639: lani- fica etc.; 4848: lanam fecit; 4860: lanificio etc. par similisque cetereis probeis feminis), the Greek usually makes do the representation of the awakening stills the busy activity of the woman to indicate; but may also be found on an Attic

1) The ayxtaiQov is clearly visible at the top (Plat. Rep. X, p. 616).

2) Stephani would have the correct interpretation, which he based on the process of the older ones The boom should first be followed, not changed and should recognize a key in it (CR. 1863. pp. 273, 1).

3) See daiQ Odyss. IV, 131 ss; etc.

122 H. HeydouBn, SoUQptel and ^pinnxockes.

GnilNitein once the Roman custom of LobeB (Kam. no. 8392): Sopvu I xurjonq \ aya&t] | xvJÜLiar^af there the last word, until jetEt a Sna^ üqfqiihov^ possibly the effective cross belongs to the lanifica (nengr. äyaraioviili^w =» tplifoiia^w ; cf. Kimianndis 1st above).

dear p, whose representation is “half confused”, möebAe I don't make a final decision; It could be at best anch be thought of the key, that the suggestion of the wool, as with n and o, seems to be missing. But thank me for them "Virgin" Gorgo of the weeks more appropriate than the key that more of the ruling housewife state. —

So on the old monuments there are two externally very similar devices - sledgehammers and distaffs - result, which must be kept clearly apart.

Hall a. d. S.

H. Heydemann.

P. S. Since the device of the woodcut is q through the If the reduction has become unclear, I refer you to the Original drawing in my Greek. Vase b. Plate IX, 5 c.

H.H.

Poimes the city griller of Poimanenon in Mysia.

Dr. Sp. Lambros asked in his dissertation: de coodi- tomn coloniaram indole praemüsqne et bonoribuB (Leipzig 1873] anoh the city founders named on coins znbammengestelH, but he could not know Poimes because the coin was aof over which he is depicted, a Unicum it seems, although in used in ancient times, but then forgotten and eliminated.

Daa old Fembroke'sebe K&pferwerk is a bad one Image of this ounce (Th. II, Plate 39] and afterwards it is in the collected works by Onsseme and Rasche, Eckhel overlooked her, Mionnet didn't know her either, and Sestini even says in the Lettere di continuazione IV, 76, where he ron other voices of this city speak and one among Tonn^an minted mentioned, on the Pembroke coin is not nOIMHC but TPAIANOC. This idea spoke He was seen without the mask and definitely had anal

Aaf the Pembroke Anction, in whose catalog the Hunze nnth Kr. 870, General Fox bought it, and with It ended up in the Royal Cabinet as a result of its collection. Here is the description.

124 J- FriedUender, Poimes the city founder Ron Poimanenon in Mysia.

^. 24 million nOIMHC around the youthful head to the right.

Rf. APX KA AYKIAN ANH Mercur standing, from

in front, in the right hand the gromena, in the left arm the Cadncens. The name of the archon is by no means clear, the remote broke catalog read him EAEYBIAN***, it likes too KAAYAIAN*** stand, just a better copy, if one comes to light can show the correct reading. ***ANH is certainly to be added to nOIMANH, but the ending NflN has not on the coin.

There is probably no doubt that ÜOIMHC of the city grttnder was, KYZIKOC on the coins of these nearby Town is shown as well as Tloiiirfi. Whether this one with that Mountains üoipi^v related to Pontus is unknown.

Little is known about the city of Poimanenon, the autonomous one Coins have Zeus and his lightning bolt, the only imperial mttnze, of Traian, has Aesculapius, whose temple is there was famous.

J. Friediaender.

The one coined on the founding of Constantinople Memorial coin.

The Mttnzkabmet recently requested the one pictured here acquired the rare silver medallion of Constantine the Great, which cher Bcbon has employed several mamismatics; has people one copy published in the MQnzkabinet in Kassel >), another in the Mnsenm zn Trier, Mr. von Florencourt ^) . I now know five safe examples: t) ours, which comes from a Viennese collection: it

has MCONS B in the section and weighs 16.si square meters. 2y One in the Royal. Cabinet in Copenhagen, from Hamas in Moseam Begis Daniae published, with MCONSA ; the I owe the indication of the weight 16.66 grams to Mr Director HUller. 3] A weakly gilded copy in the royal edition. Cabinet zn Milan, which Mr. Director Biondelli recently left Hungary has attacked. Ea has MCONSS, and weighs I6,& grams.

t] BMcbMlbang of a small silver milace ('onsUntlns de» Oromn, QOt- tlncm 1801.

3) In the year of the Association of Atterthumilteande in the Rhineland* Th. IV, 8. 108.

126 J- FriediMuder,

4) The Yon Yölkel was published in the Museum of Kassel, where- where it arrived between 1760 and 1785; it should found in Trier, has MCONSZ, and weighs 15^5 grams.

5) The one published by Florencourt in the Museum of Trier, Found near Trier in 1814, it has MCONSI, and weighs 17.5 grams.

There is probably no copy in Paris, only Cohen the Eopenhagener leads; the two published in Germany he didn't know.

Apart from these five safe copies, of which I have yier I have seen and checked it myself, there will be two or three more *mentioned.

6] Brave, and after him y. Seckendorf in Dresden, owned an example that both thought was wrong, alone “They knew an eighth one in Dresden.” Völkel, which one Whoever saw the Seckendorf book copy believed himself to remember that there is MCONSZ, like the one in Kassel, have had. I don't know where it went, the ducal Eabinet in Gk>tha has only the Greek received coins from this collection. 7) Finally Otto Sperling mentions a copy on which the Greek number letter at the end of the sigil Section must have been unclear because sparrow fluctuates between C F and V. So the five safe copies are in the Moneta section CONStantinopoIitana e, A, S, Z, I. Whether these numbers are OfS You don't know what it means or emissions. But that Difference of all ftlnf specimens is good proof that All eight of them are, neither from a modern stamp, nor “About casts of an actual specimen. So this will too Suspicion of the Wacker-Seckendorf piece is unfounded to have been, like later doubts; but you could probably open

#

m

The ÜeakmüHze fought on the Ortaduiic from Consiantinople. 127

BoMie thoughts come, because this medallion has it peculiarities that arise that have not yet been noticed has drawn attention. He is short and fat, while the others from this time are tall and thin, the belief of Head is higher, the position of the inscription on the back side is in two straight side rows is unusual. It's finally the title DN (dominus noster) was still very rare under Constantin - he is the first to call himself that, even if he is already Aure- tian and Carus on coins have deo et domino, and Diocletian received the honorary title dominus noster after his abdication. Triumphator as a title, like here, is not found elsewhere, if not TR P F AVG on an Oold coin of Magnentius, which Eckfael cites without explanation, triumphant Pius Felix AVGustus means (TRibunicia Potestate Felix AVGustus is quite unlikely). Self triumphant gentium barba- ramm as a transcription of the reverse side only appears in Gonstans.

All of this leads to the fact that this medallion is for a be- |p

special occasion for the inauguration of the new capital was minted in the year 330.

Ek( it is said that later on the anniversary of the city's consecration a statue of Gonstantin made of gilded wood on one Triumphal chariot was led; perhaps the emperor triumphed even when consecrated in this way, which makes the title triumphant phator would explain himself. This statue was carried on hand a small picture of the city tyche, certainly the figure of our Me- daillons ; Mr. von Florencourt copied a passage from Zosimus pointed out in which he says: the forum of the new city had two temples, in one stood the Tyche of Borna, in that another a statue which originally represented Cybele, but through changed attributes to the tyche of the new city was designed. Perhaps the crown of the wall gave Cybele that Due to this new use, the lions were removed tigt, cornucopia and ship added; this latter may refer to

128 J* FrtodlMiideff, Die *«f die Oittndiing tod CMittaattnop«! ii.t.w.

the Seestadt, but it is also possible, like the tax tired, as an attribute of fortune among the Tyches of inland BÜUites. The drawing of an ancient statue into one new meaning is characteristic of decayed art this era; to the Constantin's Arch in Born were yes also used beliefs and figures from a monument to Traiaas.

The CONS in the section of these medallions becomes one d^ oldest examples of the name Constantinopolis that we can find have coins. The Eaiserkopf also comes without any additional directives only in the later years of Constantine. You have in that sometimes with a slightly upward look, a relationship emerges would like to see the Christianity of this emperor, only this presentation position is more reminiscent of the king's heads of ancient times. Greek coins, especially those of Alexander the Great, such as sdhon Eckhel said.

The five safe specimens weigh 15.5 (two pieces), 16.66, 16.81, 17.5 grams. This weight does not match Denarius of Voe P^Bd of pure silver, which Diocletian and designated his co-regents with the value number XCVI, and which Gonstantin the Great also once coined, he put the value number that originally occupied the field in the section. A piece of six such denarii, i.e. Vi« pounds, would weigh 20.46 grams, but all five specimens are plan too easily.

Also to the moneta maiorina, Yeo Pft^nd, which again- was manufactured and designated by LX, the weight fits not. These pieces weigh 5.46 grams; contained ours Medallions three monetee maiorinae, that would be their full weight 16^38 grams, so they are too heavy. Some coins Constantins are of mixed silver, perhaps earthen thereby the incomprehensibility of the weight.

J. FriediMiMler.

The EQVIS ROMANVS on gold medallions of Constantine of the big one.

Kenner has worked in the Viennese Numiematigclien Honate (in, tl7) demonstrated that the rare and strange QoldmedaiUonB GonstantinB the Great, which is on the back side shows the standing emperor with the inscription SENATVS. gen, commemorative coins for the city of Con- Btantinopolis newly constituted Senate are. You can't be as To counter this, state that they are not in the MQnzBstätte Coo- stantinople, but in Nicomedia (Wiener Mnseom) and Trier (?) (SMTS, British Hosenm) are marked because the Hünzstätten in At that time it no longer had any independent meaning had, and therefore the events in the capital in a character that was certainly arranged throughout the entire empire could celebrate.

Maybe we have in the hedaillon pictured above of the Berlin Museum

Hf. DN CONSTANTINVS MAX AVG BnistbUd with Wreath right bin.

ZalUehrin Mr. N

ii,

130 A- ''' Sallet,

Bf. EQVIS ROMAN VS, SMN Reiter section (the quay ser) to the right, with his right hand raised.

A/. 6. 6.75 grm. Medallion from IV2 Solidus. a counterpart to the coins with SENATVS. Eckhel already gives essentially the correct explanation of this- ser strange reverse (Vni, 83): nisi forte ad Principem jnventutis quo Constantinus titulo, etiam cum Augustus jam esset) in numis frequenter utitur, adludit, atque hie xa^' H^ic^^ appellatur EQVIS ROMANVS, cum princeps juventutis idem esset ac princeps equestris ordinis. Notandum in hoc numo in- solitus EQVIS per EQVES. — This explanation is certain correct. The emperor is here as a representative of the knighthood princeps iuventutis, in which Gaius and Lucius and Yespasian's sons in the same position, with his right raised ten pictured; but the EQVIS ROMANVS is, as I know it from a knowledgeable source, not with: a Roman knight (rder to be translated similarly, but rather to be interpreted more as OoUective grasp, roughly equivalent to equester ordo. And here he- clarify the other gold medallions with SENATVS as well EQVIS UOMANVS: like there the emperor as a representative and Representative of the CoUectiv, the Senate of the newly founded city Constantinople appears, so we see him here as princeps iuventutis, as representatives of the knighthood of the new capital, which in all its institutions, authorities, etc. (Eckhel Vm, 97, 11) a new Rome should be. That both types of Coins, both those with SENATVS and those with EQVIS RO MANVS not ordinary gold pieces, but medallions from 1 V2 tiiid 3 Solidi are, speaks in favor of the explanation as a memory medallions on new facilities in the new city.

The other criteria for the expression period are also correct. men: the medal with EQV I S ROMANVS belongs as well as that with SENATVS 'certainly the later period of Oonstatrtin's direction- ation, because he has the title Masdmus on both. —

The EQVIS ROMANYS aaf OoldmedaiUons ConstaDtins the Great. 131

So we now have three medallions from Constantin dem Large ones that are otherwise found on coins with the emperor's head and Founding of Constantinople never mentioned in name (Kenner Lc. p. 120), admittedly in a modest and reserved manner, celebrate: the silver medallion discussed by Friedlaender above with the seated city goddess, the gold medallions with S EN ATVS and the one pictured with EQVIS ROMANVS.

A.V. Sallet.

9*

I

On Greek numismatics.

n.

(TVNTENON. — Chalcis Euboeae. — Samos. — Head of P. Teidins PolUo on Mfinzen Ton Caesarea -Tralles. — False coins of the Pontic Eonige Darius, Mithradates^

Phamaces.)

(Plate II.)

TVNTENON.

After recently seeing the strange piece of silver with the Description MOAM+I became known, which Paul Lambros and after him F. Bompois (Nnm. Chron. 1874) with certainty to attribute it to the Macedonian Ichnae is now up to us again a similar piece offered to the Berlin Museum ^) :

HJ. TVNTENON man with armor (?) and greaves, leading a horse, to the right.

Rf, bathroom in the recessed square.

A. 5. 9.37 grm. Plate H, 1. This coin is also exactly the same as that known so far Beihe of Thracian-Macedonian coins discussed by Bompois zen with similar types; is also the time of expression certainly the same: the first half of the 5th century y. BC In style all those coins show the Didrachmon of Ichnae, the above with Tyntenon, the one with O (Prokesch, from this Therme [Thessalonice]) and the similar Orrheskier

1) It is said to have been found near Yon Thessalonica.

A. V. Sallet, On Greek numismatics. 133

coins (Num. Ghron. 1873 plate IV, 8), a certain similarity ity with the coins of Alexander I of Macedonia. Unfortunately can be the particularly delicate, but beautiful and strong worked coin with TVNTENON not specified geographically determine. The inscription, which is certainly Tvvrevwv (or Tvv^rjvwv; But Eta was already in those early days. tings often have to transcribe the form H) gives us the Genitive plural of the name of an unknown city or people kerschaft, whose approximate location is determined by the style and type of similar coins mentioned can be determined. Professor Kiepert writes about the transcription: “Neither was I remember a similar name, nor did I search for it- for something fruitful, as can be seen on this semi- Greek areas are already used to it. “—The present one Coin expected, just like the one I published earlier with lAIEAEflN their more detailed geographical destination.

On plate n I have, with the exception of the slightly different ones Orrheskiermtlnze [she has on the Bf, a simple recessed one Square) the series of coins that belong together, Ichnae, Tyn- tenon and O (Therme?) shown together.

I have already covered this in the Gatalog Lemm6 under No. 4. The frequently discussed piece was added after the print:

Hf. EMINAKO Heracles kneeling to the right, the eye of the Attaching the string to the end of the bow.

Ef. Wheel surrounded by four dolphins in a recessed square.

AI. 5. 11.7 grm. Not just the related back, but the style and Character of this beautiful ancient coin (the Heracles head is similar to that of Dicaea) do not do it It is unlikely that the same also belonged to the north of Greece lands, Thrace or Macedonia and not one of theirs the area neighboring the alleged discovery sites (old Olbia); because so far there are somehow related or so old coins to those

136 A. T. SaUet,

few of Samos with the types described above. So we have a probable one here from very ancient times Evidence of the connection between the mother city of Samos and her direct and indirect apoecias Bhegium and Messana. That the mother city in ancient times supplied the colonies with money ensures, but is neither through the present find nor through to prove to others. The set of Athenian tetradrachms in The find shouldn't come as a surprise, as Athens is certainly the usual was a common landing place for such sea voyages (similar to this). perhaps the occurrence of the acanthisphene mints in the Finds interpret] and his tetradrachm everywhere, even in the the most distant areas.

The head of P. Veidius Pollio on masks from

Caesarea (Tralles).

Have certain copper coins from the city of Caesarea (Tralles). on the main page a bearless portrait head to the right, to the right But he usually (or always) gives him a small tablet (?). The surrounding The font is KAIZAPEfiN HfiAAlfiN or OYHIAIOZ nQA AlfiN or KAIZAPEflN OYHIAIOZ (M. S. VH, 466f. Borghesi, Oevr. num. I, 176. Waddington, Mälanges ü, 152, where OHYAIOZ is written). On the back appears except that Type of a temple (in the Caduceus field, once under the Temple - in Morell - the Capricorn) or that of a Jupiter head, the official name MENANAPOZ RAPPAZIOY. Eckhel, as it should be said further, does not give evidence the coin was sent to Caesarea in Bithynia and made known a coin from the Florentine Museum, which differs from all other similar ones; it shows after the education (Eckh. Num. vet. Pl. XI, 7) next to the unwreathed one Augustus' head bears the inscription KÄlZAPEflN OYHiAlOZ

Tsar Greek numismatics. 137

and small ZEBAZTOZ. RF, MENANAPOZ HAPPAZIOY

Jnpiterkopf.

Whether the current destination of these coins: Tralles, I can't say which is the right one; the official name As far as I know, Menander, son of Parrhasius, appears other coins in this city. The 11 AP AC IOC on two secure coins from Tralles (M. IV. 180, 1040 u. S. Vn, 464, 679), both according to Sestini, is also not conclusive; man I would like to have a look at the other coins from Tralles Think of Zeus' nickname Larasios. Also the shape the piece of metal used for embossing, a turned lens, proves nothing; it comes throughout Eleinasia, in Bithynia as well in Lydia, before. Eckhel's reasons for expelling the min- However, references to Caesarea in Bithynia are not correct. He believes that the inscription refers to the notorious hustler P. Vedius PoUio, the friend of Augustus, and concludes from one Benevento inscription, which he reads as follows: P-VEIDIVS'P'F* POLLIO*CAESARENsis IMP-CAESARI *AVG*ET-COLO Nl AI * BENEVENTANA I , that this Veidius PolUo from Cae- sarea was a native of Bithynia and therefore honorary as Patron or similar mentioned on the coins of his hometown will. However, the inscription given is according to Mommsens Text secured from the various readings (Inscr. regn. Neap. 1406) :

P-VEIDIVS-P-F-POLLIO- CAESAREVMIMPCAESARhAVGVSTO- ET COLONIAIBENEVENTANAI

Mommsen adds: Borghesius litteris mihi significavit per- tinere sibi videri ad helluonem famosissimum.

Eckhel's relationship between the inscription and the coins is certain on the reveler PoUio very likely: we find in the Inscription of an Angustus temple founded by Veidius Pollio,

136 A. T. SiUet,

few of Samos with the types described above. So we have a probable one here from very ancient times Zengmss the Yerbindong of the Matter city of Samos with their immediate and indirect apoikias Rhegioma and Messana. The fact that Mntterstadt used to supply the colonies with money in ancient times ensures, but is neither through the present find nor through to prove to others. The set of Athenian tetradrachms in The find shouldn't come as a surprise, as Athens is certainly the usual The usual landing place for such sea voyages was (similarly). perhaps the occurrence of the acanthisphene coins in Finds interpret) and his tetradrachm everywhere, even in the the most distant areas.

The head of P. Veidius Pollio on coins from

Caesarea (Tralles).

Have certain copper coins from the city of Caesarea (Tralles). on the main page a bearded portrait head to the right, to the right But he usually (or always) gives him a small tablet (?). The surrounding The font is KAIZAPEflN HflAAlflN or OYHIAIOZ nQA AlflN or KAIZAPEflN OYHIAIOZ (M. S. Vn, 466f. Borghesi, Oevr. num. I, 176. Waddington, Mälanges ü, 152, where OHYAIOZ is written). On the back appears except that Type of a temple (in the Caduceus field, once under the Temple - in Morell - the Capricorn) or that of a Jupiter head, the official name MENANAPOZ RAPPAZIOY. Eckhel, as it should be said further, does not give evidence Containing reasons the coin was sent to Caesarea in Bithynia and made known a coin from the Florentine Museum, which differs from all other similar ones; it shows after the education (Eckh. Num. vet. Pl. XI, 7) next to the unwreathed one Augustus' head bears the inscription KÄlZAPEfiN OYHIAIOZ

On the Greek Namismaiik. 139

like the Lithuanian with the Angnrn, the little Annenian llaira at Antonius' head n.s.w.

If we had nodded to the Florentine coin, it would have been secret nnwabrscbeinliek that the Yeidiiui mentioned on the coins Pollio a "fonetionnaire romain", a "procurateur d' Angastet". be, as Waddington (Mal. ü. p. 152) explains. — The coins certainly bear the portrait of the Yel^ mentioned in the inscription cUs, and according to the Benevent inscription it is very likely- Indeed, the city of Caesarea (TraUes), whose rechristening was probably easily connected with the temple depicted, that of P. Pollio not as officials, but as energetics, perhaps as temple grttnder celebrated on their coins and that the sitter was the known Sokn belonging to the Roman bitter class Freedman who is a contemporary and friend of Augustus — An exception would be the Florentine coin with ZEBA STOZ and the head of Augustus. The timing of the The coins with PolUo^s heads must be coined when reading ZEBAZTOZ on the similar Florentine coin is sure, Fall into the desires of Augustus, but it is certainly certain after the death of Pollio, 15 BC. BC, because it is unthinkable that a Greek city should be the portrait of a life- except the emperor and his family on his coins have set. The only known exceptions are the many discussed heads of the proconsuls of the senatorial provinces Asia and Africa: Paullus Fabius Maximus, C. Asinius Gallus, P. Scipio (Pitane), (M. Tullius Cicero) , (M. Plautius Silvanus), P. Quinctilius Varus, L. Volusius Saturninus, Africanus Fabius Maximus.

The alleged coins of Darius of Pontus, the Mithradates Pergamenus and Pharnaces,

which I explained in the previous volume of this magazine, with all the advantages retention, according to the paper prints, are how

138 A.V. Sallet,

and in the same way the MtKen were a little bit closer to the Steinbook too perhaps referred to as Caesar's Temple, while the Hanpt Page has the written name OYHIAIOZ RfiAAlilN; it corresponds to the character of a brute at all times Libertinus, like Pollie, achieved nobility and honor through money was to engage in servile business everywhere in Germany Provinces to build Augustus temples at their own expense and others^ On the other hand, the slaves were thrown into the fish tank because of broken glasses to throw.

The head of these coins is interesting: that of Eckhel The published piece contains the name of PoUio ZEBA ZTOZ; So here it would be the head of Augustus and the one in the Nominative Veidius could be thought of as an official. Given the smallness of the inscription ZEBAZTOZ, what else? is always missing and in its place there is otherwise a small tablet Finds a similar attribute of the head, it seemed to me that the matter was thinkf Readings can happen to anyone, including those who care* fold Eckhel (e.g. in the same work, the Numi anecdoti, KPO instead of $EN^EP or similar). I turned to MttUM about a letter to Florence, but I received no answer. Until a reliable numismatist checks the coin, you have to we follow Eckhel's authority and are safe on this one coin recognize the name and head of Augustus.

But the situation is different with the copies of the coin, which I have seen in the original or in the print, especially with the exquisitely beautiful one shown under No. 7 on Plate 11 of the Berlin Museum. The characteristic, very expressive full head, of excellent work and perfect preservation tung, is completely unlike Augustus and is probably safe the portrait of always next to this and the similar heads of the other coins written in the nominative Veidius Pollio; It is not clear what the tablet behind the head means. separate, but it seems to belong to the head as an attribute,

On Greek namismatics. 139

like the Litans among the Augarn, the small Armenian Haia at Antonius' head n.s.w.

If we didn't have the Florentine coin, it would be see* unlikely that the Veidit mentioned on the coins" Pollio a "fonctionnaire romaim, a "procurateur d' Auguste" be, as Waddington (Mal. ü. p. 152) suspects. — The coins certainly bear the portrait of the victim named in the inscription dius, and according to the Benevent inscription it is very likely- lich, that the city of Caesarea (Tralles), whose rechristening was much^ easily related to the temple depicted, that of P. Pollio not as an official, but as euergeten, perhaps as a temple founders celebrated on their coins and that» the sitter known son of one who belonged to the Roman bitter class Freedman who is a contemporary and friend of Augustus. — An exception would be the Florentine coin with ZEBA STOZ and the head of Augustus. The timing of the The coins with Pollio's head must be minted when the reading takes place ZEBAZTOZ on the similar Florentine coin is sure, Fall into the desires of Augustus, but it is certainly certain after the death of Pollio, 15 BC. BC, because it is unthinkable that a Greek city should be the portrait of a life- except the emperor and his family on his coins have set. The only known exceptions are the many discussed heads of the proconsulh of the senatorial provinces Asia and Africa: Paullus Fabius Maximus, C. Asinius Gallus, P. Scipio (Pitane), (M. Tullius Cicero), (M. Plautius Silvanus), P. Quinctilius Varus, L. Volusius Satuniinus, Africanus Fabius Maximus.

The alleged coins of Darius of Pontus, the Mithradates Pergamenus and Pharnaces,

which I explained in the previous volume of this magazine, with all the advantages retention, according to the paper prints, are how

140 A. ▼. Sallat, On the Greek NomUmatlk.

The originals that have now reached Berlin prove this wrong; it are modern stamps from one hand. The compilation Darins, Mithradates, Phamaces, proves that we are dealing with one (although technically not very skilled) but literary educated The forgers have to do with anyone who knows the history of the Must have read the book dealing with Pontic kings. — It is well known how Russian zeal is praiseworthy Collectors a large number of forgeries, some of them excellent caused: Leuco, Spartocus, Theudosia, Gk)rgippia etc., which are made in Crimea or Odessa. — That Alex6ieff's example of the small silver coin of Mithradat However, it seemed eight, but it is with good chemical aids In the middle it's not that difficult to get through a wrong mask Oxydirene and the like to give a good reputation. — The Oefahr- But my favorite ones are always coins: imitating and discovering Finding ancient and other gold coins now seems to be in the Orient and to be in full bloom again elsewhere.

A.V. Sallet.

Jewish Shekel.

In the most recent issue of the Nnmismatie chronicle 1874 part IV, Mr. Madden begins the publication of an article about Jewish coinage, which is subject to a special discussion is worth it. However, since I intend to have one of these Treatise touching on the topic on a larger scale with neighbors To publish in this magazine, I would like to ensues to a short presentation on the most interesting part von Madden's article is limited with the addition of some critical sheer comments.

Mr. Madden is in a position to say more about this Works published by Mr. de Saulcy as early as 1868: Etude chromo- nologique des Livres d'Esdras et de Nöhömie, which few Numismatics! should be accessible to share. De Saulcy states there (p. 42 ff.), as I did earlier in a small one Treatise (de siclis, nummis antiquiss. Jud. diss. inaug. Berol. 1873 p. 8 and 13] mentioned, the claim that so far generally allocated shekel to Simon the Maccabee in time Ezra's (according to de S. around 398/7) should be put. The article I gather from Madden's that Ms. Lenormant (Essai sur la propagation de l'alphabet Phoenicia Vol. I, p. 186) and Poole at Madden a. a. 0. p. 288 their consent to this new one give hypothesis. Yes, Madden himself is abandoning the old view and commits to the new one. So it's worth it after all

] 42 ^^' Bugen MerzbAcher,

Well, the reasons for the new, most striking figure be cited theilong, to be heard.

They are following shortly. In Ezra YII, 18 there is said to be a indicates that Ezra minted coins be. The Persian king Artachschasta (according to previous assumption ^) Artaxences I. Longimanus, after de Saulcy Artaxerxes n. Mnemon) introduced as speaking: “From me is

Permission given to Jerusalem according to your law

God's... to examinea (nig3b) , the gold and silver added bring what the king and his councilors brought to the cave of Israel who donated to Jerusalem; also everything iGold and Silver, which you receive throughout the entire region of Babel

will. . . . Therefore buy... .with this money pens and...

offer them on the altar of your God's house in Jemsalem. And what's best with your brothers? to do to the rest of the silver and gold, do this naofa the pleasure of your God." In the last words The reference is said to be due to a coinage that was minted at that time is all the more likely, as according to Waddington (Bat. num. 1856, p. 49ff.j the Mttnzreoht under Poreian ownership very may have been extensive and included even the smallest towns. should have stood. Messrs. Poole and Lenormant (cf. Essai sur la propagation etc. I. p. 133} lead to Birtjrttf- Corroborating this view are analogous autonomous coins of Tire and Byblos^), which were minted in the same era. The Factory of Shekel, it is claimed, is equal to these coins- good and there is no objection in paleographical terms either is to be raised, there is no reason to de Saulc/s jurisdiction to discard.

13y^. Herzfeld, History of the Yolkee Israel from the completion of the second Temple until the appointment of the Maccabee Shimon, I. Vol. (2nd ed.) p. 10 ff.

2) They are probably those in Brandts, Mflnzwesen p. 424 ff. n. p. 513 ff. Third sign. nice coins.

Jewish Shekel. 143

Those Mttnz.en are, as far as I remember, almost very funny, apart from a few characters that are difficult to explain. So you can use them as the oldest, usually mints include. Therefore, when their allocation is made, Ver- looks to be advisable. Suppose, however, that it is indubitable that these coins were in the neighboring towns of Persian rulers. society, it will be difficult to decide whether from whom the coinage came, ^b from a local semi- autonomous or by a royal authority. With exception of the coins minted in ByMos nnter Königen (Bimndis a.a.O. p. 511 ff.) there is probably no piece that belongs here with description. localize correctness (Brandis a. a. 0. p. 373).

With the Sekels, on the other hand, there can be doubt about their localization because they are in contrast to those supposedly analogous coins. zen are not very talkative, nor will anyone in ask the question that they are run by an autonomous Jewish were beaten badly. Only in relation to their ancient ones factory one could perhaps draw an analogy to those older per- Add Russian coins. But this is enough and it is their factory really so ancient that it could be proven they were in a time of over 200 years before the Maccabees been shaped by rule? I don't believe. It's still coming added that the autonomy of the Jews in Ezra's time from state independence was far away. From a purely car noun embossing - the inscriptions of the Sekel necessarily set one such in advance - there can be no question of this under these circumstances.

The positive reasons for the old allocation of the Sekel speaking to the time of Maccabee rule is mine In my opinion, it is so striking that, above all, one first calls for their invalidity would have to be proven before any other allocation could be made. this could accept coins.

All I want here is Madden's other communications another note about a find of around 100 shekels, which was before

144 ^^' E^S^n MerzbAcber, Jüditche Sekel.

was made at Jericho some time ago. They were deposited in an earthen pot, the lid containing a lead closedB had. Next to it there was only one gold one Bowl set with an engraved gemstone. To suspicion This discovery found a second Tychsen, who incidentally had the Mr. Evans and Madden responded with grateful energy. kicked. A large part of the find became the property of the British museums, another came into the coin trade, where- I also came into possession of some wonderfully preserved ones Specimens reached the Berlin Museum, some of which acquired. The find has not revealed anything previously unknown.

Munich.

Dr. Eugen Merzbacher.

Unedited ancient coins.

Europe.

No. 1} ImbroB, Island of Thrace.

^. 2V2. Weight 2.28 grm. Female head to the right.

Rv, IMBPOY. Naked man with the Thessalian cock covered man, standing upright and about to after r. zn step. The right arm stretched out hanging down the body. In the hand of the left With a ken, slightly curved arm he holds a sacrificial bowl to place it on a tripod standing in front of him to lay. A monogram in the field, slightly blurred.

No. 2) Imbros, island of Thrace. JB. 3. Weight 3.15 grm.

Helmeted head of Pallas to the right. with hammered in Countermark. Rv, IMBPOY. Standing owl to the right. in a lorry beer wreaths. No. 3) Thasus, island of Thrace. JE, 2V4. Weight 2.15 grm.

Herknieskopf after 1. in beaded edge. Rv, OACifiN . Fttllhom in pearl wreath. This coin covered with a very beautiful green patina differs from all the autonomous systems proposed by Mionnet mtnzen of this island by the fact that the third letter the legend is a C, while all of the Mionnetschen act have a Z. —

ZeitMhrifl rtr Ntuokaatik. III. OK

146 Lonis Meyer,

Asia Minor.

No. 4) Mysia. Asbub.

-Jff. 1. Weight 1.15 grm.

Franenkopf to the right. Rev. APTA. AZZI. Bull head from vom. The smallest bronze statue of these cities published by Mionnet is size 3. Mine also differs is beautifully patinated, still different from the well-known pieces, that she has a magistrate's name. Mionnet doesn't know anyone Magistrate names.

No. 5) Mysia. Gargara.

^. 1. Weight 0.52 grm.

Lauded ^ollo head to the right. Ev. PAP. horse to r. walking. Size 1 does not appear in M. His smallest coins of this city have size 3.

No. 6) Mysia. Gargara.

-J?. 1. Weight 0.56 grm. The same coin as the one above only with the bottom decide that the Rv. one to r. galloping horse instead of one that walks. —

No. 7) Lyoaonia. Baratea (compare Zschr. I. p.335No. 1).

Marcus Aurelius. jS. 5. Weight 8.70 grm.

AY*-AN**NIN*** Head of the emperor to the right. In Field in front of the head AH

Rev. KOI • AYKAONIAC ​​• BAPATEUUN.

Rider covered with a blowing cloak (the emperor) after r. galloping. Raised in the right Hand holding a spear ready for hurling and blasting out at an enemy kneeling before him^ its bread from the right front feet of the horse is touched.

tlnadlne 4Dtlke HQni

147

Cilia. Syedra.

Valerianoa Sr. ^. Si/j.

Like MioDnet Snppl.VU No. 391, nor with the sub- Difference, the 8 on my mttnze instead of OYAA€ PIANOC for reading is OYAA6PIANON. ~

No. 9) Phrygia. Dorylaenm.

DiadnmenianiiB M. 6. Weight 9.45 grm.

M-ANT-AIAAOYMEIANON'KA' Bttste des Caesar with the palndamentnm to the right. Rxs. AOPYAACQN . Diana to r. very exciting, in the r. Hand a bow, in the raised left an arrow. The Oanze in a pearl wreath. Mionnet brings no coin from this Caesar.

Mr. 10) Phrygia. Sala.

Domitian. EVER. 6. Weight 7.5e Grm.

AOMITIANOZ • KAICAP • C€BACTOZ. Lauded head of the emperor to the right. Rev. AOMITIANOnOA€ITflN ■ ZAAHNQN.

Naked Bacchus standing cross-legged after r. In the right hanging hand a grape, with the first arm attached to one in front of him leaning against a standing pillar. — Side piece to Mionnrt IV No. 334, who owned a hundred of this city from Do- mitia brings, which is in honor of the Empress 10«

t/mii Meyer,

Nameo CAANNfiN • AOMITIANON (she) trSgt. Eb is the first known dance of this kaiaere, which gate Sala would be marked.

No. 11) Lyoaonia^ Hadrianopolia.

Balbinns. ^. d'/,. Weight 23.30.

AY - K • AAIKI • KAIAIOC • BAABCINOC- C€B. The emperor's laureate bed to the r.

sv. AapiANonoAeiT • eni • »x ■ aoyk • lOY •

Hygiea standing upright after 1-, in the field the bench- Btaben C 1?) B

Mionnet brings coins from this city to Bithynia, wherever This piece is certainly not separate, but also a part of the Sept. SeveruB |Sappl.VII. No. 43) from Hadrianopolis in Pisidia, probably for the reason that it used to be the fourth part Lycaonia belonged to Pisidia.

My coin was minted in the Pashalik Konjah, (the old Iconinm] can be found in Lycaonia and is also there with others. self-found pieces, namely the two Baratea, which in P. 335 of the first volume of this magazine. described and the previous standing No. 7 to Afion Kara Hissar (the old Ap&mea) brought from where I received it. Location and style indicate In my opinion, this suggests that the Uttnze went to Lycaonia nnd cannot be placed in Pisidia. Compare Forbiger II, 356 where it means: In the 4th century it (Philomelum) belonged to the all of neighboring Lycaonia to Hsidien. Hicrocl. p. 672.

Edited ancient coins.

149

Conc. Chalced. 670. Conc. Const. II, 241 refer to Hadriano p|oli8 as in Phrygia between Philomelum and Phyraeum located; but now that we know that Philomelum also after Pisidia respectively. Lycaonia belonged^ one would assume that that Hadrianopolis also belongs to Lycaonia, nothing in it There are paths.

Nicomedes II and m. Kings of Bithynia.

In a find of 24 pieces of these kings, which I acquired several years ago in Constantinople and which ones all bore the usual type of these kings,

Head of the king to the right.

Ev, standing Jupiter etc. There were 5 pieces with dates that Mionnet did not have occur. Namely:

Nicomedes II with the years:

AOP 171

rOP 173

ERP 185.

ZnP 187

Nicomedes III ZQP 197

Cistophores from Apamea in Phrygia.

Between 120 pieces of cistophores, which I attached to the Afion Kara Hissar (the ancient Apamea), I found 10 pieces with it Magistrate names unknown to Mionnet. Namely:

1)

2) 3) 4)

5) -

ERA AIONYXIOY.

6) -

- MIOPA

-ATTAAOY

MYßKI

KOAAI —

7) -

- MYTA«

lOA.

8) -

- MYPZ

OYS

KOY

— rvoY

9) -

- MHTPO KEAAI

10) -

- TIMfiNOZ

Nttrnberg.

Loiiit M«yer.

Saulakes, King of Colchis.

The editor of this magazine has vol. m, p. 58 ff Silver coin of the Berlin Masenm with the legend BAZI* ZAYA-- or ZAYM*- and they are given to a colchi- see or assigned to Scythian kings. He notices that End of name seems to be A rather than M zn, and leans more about seeing the coin's home in Colchis. In Mr. y. Sallet hit the right spot: one King of Colchis called Saulakes is known and one becomes then the legend harmlessly to BAZI[AEfiZ] ZAYA [AKOY] may add.

Pliny once wondered why the Romans... only payments in silver, not gold, to the conquered peoples would have killed, for which the peace with Carthage of the year 201 dn is a striking example; and yet, he says^ can't A shortage of old goods may have been the reason for this, then it brings wise from older history and flArt N. H. XXXm, 3, ih^ §. 52 continued: 'Jam regnaverat in Golchis Saulaces Aeetae subolis, qui terram yirginem nactus plurimum auri argentique eruisse dicitur in Suanorum gente et alioqui yelleribus aureis inclnto rain. et illius aureae camarae, argenteae trabes et columnae atque parastatieae narrantur victo Sesostri Aegypti rege tarn superbo ut prodatur annis quibusque variety reges singulos e subiectis youngere ad currum solitus atque ita triumphare.' sow laces is the reading of the cod. Bambergensis , the remaining Codd",

Alfred von Gutschmid, Saulakes, King of Colchis. 151

but their combined testimony is that of Bamb. does not outweigh have salads, and a Polish forger has them in the code. ms. Bibl. Ossol. 336, p. 218 the Salances in a Trogusfrag- ment (Pompeii Trogi fragmenta ed. Bielowski, p. 17). The content of Plinin's passage is factually offensive: Sanlaces, like the name and the Suan local, belongs indicate the local tradition, which is certainly from SesoBtris knew nothing, but the latter knew the well-known Egyptian, so that at least a strong syncretic revision It must have taken place by Greek hands; further The entire connection between the Colchians and Sesostris is based on one Herodotus' hypothesis, which he developed in H^ 103 ff.; later ones they have taken them for one fact and in different ones Wisely modified, Jordan. Gtet. 6 (from Pompey's Trogus). Sesostris was defeated by the Scythians at Phasis. Val. Flaoc. V, 418 ff. him on the run from the Geti leaving part of his army behind in Colchis: from a lowland Nobody knows anything about the location of the Sesostris by the Colchians, they violates too much the premise of this gaase narrative circle has ended. Even more difficult than this In general, a grammatical concern comes into play: what should that is, »et illius aureae camarae . . . narrantur victo se sostrite? Did the writer mean to say that it would happen? counts that Saulaces built these magnificent buildings after the defeat of the Sesostris carried out, it was hardly possible to to express it in a more subtle way than what happened in this case mtlsste. And more difficult than factual and grammatical descriptions Thinking together weighs a logical: first it was said, Saulaces I dug gold and silver in Suanenland, and now it will suddenly his wealth from the defeat of Sesostris, that is but probably derived from the loot taken! Everything leads therefore, that Pliny's words are corrupt. I I think they're fairly easy to recreate like this; 'at

152 Alfred Ton Outschmid,

ilHus aureae camarae parantuT victori Seiosiri

Aegypti regi, etc.' So here we have one of the ones at Pliniitt so popular moral considerations about vanity and Transience of confession and confession.

The connection between Sanlaces and Sesostris is like this far solved, that now only remains to be said, the treasures of The former was at the service of the latter when he subjugated Colchis become prey. But where could Pliny or his guarantee come from? man (presumably Varro) know that Saulaces came before Sesostris have lived? because the local descendants were hardly judges him as the originator of gold and silver mining in the Suanenlande different than timeless or at least with a very generally held determination of time. It just can based on a literal interpretation of "suboles"^] may have been concluded: If Saulaces was a son of Aeetes, the time is approximately correct. But is one entitled to this literal interpretation? been? I doubt very much. Still in the middle of the 5th year- In the hundredths a king of the Phasians is called Aeetes, among whom Grandchildren the 10,000 Greeks crossed the country (Xen. Anab. V, 6^ 37), from which it can be concluded with certainty that the Greek Argonaut legend penetrated the Colchian valleys and had achieved such prestige that the kings there took over the Aeetes as their ancestor, as well as the Paphlagonian of their descent from Pylaemenes. Shouldn't also the bull's head on the Colchian coins, da Colchis is not arable land, a conspicuous emblem remains, the Greek be borrowed from Chinese legend and an allusion to the first containing lively, fire-breathing bulls, at the entrance of which yoke the attainment of the golden Yliess would have been tied? After all, “Aeetae suboles” is harmless in the broader sense

1) This is certainly the case with Vossius for “subolis”; which is inappropriate for this stick genitive from Sillig cited place Plln. IV, $112 »Ghraeooram subolls omnia” doesn’t fit at all.

Sanlftkes, King of Kolohis. 153

can be understood as a reference that refers to all old regional kings until their extinction around 100 BC. BC (Just. XXXYIII, 7, 10) was applicable.

The coin of the Colchian king, from which we started, compares Mr. v. Sallet with those of the Scythian kings Kanites, Heles et al. These probably all belong to the same time as that Inscription and the coins ^j of the Scythian great king Skiluros, that is the total powerlessness of the Spartocid dynasty, whose last representatives had to pay tribute to the Scythians, in the 2nd century BC BC. This period coincides with the following ments that the numismatist mentioned from the work and the Letters of the Colchian coin drawn for their age. The Saul[akes] of the Mttnze is therefore 1100 - 1200 years younger, as Pliny's Saulaces in his opinion is. Nevertheless, according to the above discussion, it is do not judge strictly genomes, which directly determine the identity of both too excluded. If I still have concerns about that Saulaces more than an older namesake of Saul[akesJ To see the coin is a numismatic consideration Reason for this: the silver of this coin is bad, and that little is fitting for a king who is in tradition as the developer of the country's gold and silver wealth was valid. So it will be more advisable to have a Saulakes II than that Mttnzherm to look at.

Alfred von Gutschmid.

1) C. I. gr. II, No. 2103. Koehne Mus. Kolchoobey 1, p. 28.

Monzen of the Diocese of Brandenburg.

The number of Brandea- bnrgiBchen medieval minsen, from which we have been since the heydays well-breasted Heinrich, the voyager of Albrecht the Bear, have an almost uninterrupted relationship, so badly ordered isl it is with the Mttnz monuments of the three Brandenburgs Bishops of Brandenburg, Havelberg and Lebns, probably evidence that the essentially military-like authority of the Mark* Counts gave the bishops little room to develop the national magnificent power, which she displayed almost everywhere else wanted. Without any numismatic souvenirs, we were free Our bishops did not lend calmly, because there are some denarii with a representation of spiritual gentlemen who, by virtue of their Stjdea can only be stamped in the marrow, and it is possible that too some bracteates can be traced back to the same origin. Köhne describes the latter, although not without commenting on his own Doubtless, in the Reichenisches Gataloge No. 383 - 390^ those but are partly there No. 380 - 382, partly at Weidhas (Branden- castle, denarii etc.), plate XH, 16-21, where the Appropriate remark in the text (p. 1 1) that it helps you Finds made in Brandenburg are even more specific which points to Mark as their home, and perhaps the sympathy to Bishop Dietrich HI, v. d. schools castle (1365-93) justified, because, as I remember, the companions who were found were^ In addition to numerous silent ones, there are also written denarii

H. Dannenbeig, MtoiM of the Biftimmi BnndoDburg. |55

Margraves Ludwig n. (1352-65 and Otto VII. (1365-73). But everything that we have done in VM so far is limited to this Brandenburg bishop's coins know; because Becker's addition division of the Fulda bracteates >) with HD0P (Becker 200 AD. Ms. Vn, 186) to Havelberg is incorrect, the Brandenbur* historical homeland of the Mader denarius with CONRADI (crit. Article lY, 85) could, based on the current state of our knowledge, nisse appear doubtful ^ , and Köhne's conclusion atn Conclusions of his last letter about the Brandenburg Mttnz history (Zeitschr. V, 287), in the next letter the character Wanting to deal with the Brandenburg bishops is unfulfilled stayed. For the sake of completeness, however, these are still included Kohne N. F. p. 335 described semi-bractates of the mentioned Heveller Prince Heinrich should be mentioned, who is not the one Names, but perhaps the picture of the bishop at the same time toü Brandenburg (Lndolf, Lambert or Wigger). On this Few, actually only those from Köhne and Weid- The dumb coins we have taught are therefore limited to ours previous scholarship on coins from the Brandenburg Bis- thCmer, and their lack of writing even offers nooh to doubt a certain authorization. The following one, so far However, compared to the methods described nowhere, this must also be the case Doubts are heard.

Bishop Otto (1252-1261). Plate in, No. 1. B— -O the bishop with or between two

palm branches. M.S.

This bracteate comes in one whole and one cut

Copies with many others, but completely without writing, are available

excavated in Lower Lusatia for several years; the find

was of a very similar nature to the firtther there

1) Nuro. Newspaper 1862 above 13.

2) In the following essay its relationship to Lebus will be more firmly established. found Tertuebt.

156 H« Dannenberg,

made at WolkeuBtein (see Erbstein^ the Brkt.-Fand to W., (GUirUtz 1846.

Determining our coin is not as difficult as it is it may seem at first glance. Because the letters B—O apart from the image of a clergyman, nothing can be done

Mean other than (retrograde) episcopus, and likewise

What is clear is that according to their style^ to go far, in the Second half of the 13th or the first half of the 14th century, and in that northwestern Germany belongs. In the specified time and But there are only 4 bishops in the area whose names start with 0. captures: Otto I (1261-79) and n. (1318--31) of HUdesheim, Otto von Gamin (1326) and our Otto. But neither after Hildesheim still after Gamin fits the style of our Brak- teat, the Ottos L and H. von Hildesheim (see Gappe Mz. von Hildesheim p. 34 fgg.) have a fundamentally different appearance^ and the Camin bishops had little influence at all, the mentioned Otto but from the short time of his contested Dominion most likely leaves nothing to us; Furthermore, the factory is definitely not the Poun one, and Like the Wolkenburger, the entire find does not have a single piece included, which with some semblance of the right to Pomerania could be obtained. Also to the Archbishop of Magdeburg Otto (1327-61) is unthinkable, even if one considers the title episcopus wanted to allow instead of the higher archiepiscopal, because the Magdeburg bracteates of that time, and especially the from this Otto ^) are completely different and especially smaller. So it is undisputed that our Brandenburg Otto remains in the field.

By the way, it should be noted that we also have documentary evidence judge the coinage rights of the Diocese of Brandenburg, to whom Henry IE awarded the same in 1051 and Frederick I in 1161 confirmed (Köhne IH, 169, Leitzmann Wegweiser p. 11).

1) No. 45 of the coin tablets for Hoihnann's Magdeb. Geachichte.

Coins of the Diocese of Brandenburg. 157

Bishop Friedrich (von Plötzke), (1303-1316)- Plate m, No. 2. The bishop with Erumm and Erenz staff.

Rf Large F. M. S. 0.42 Gr., 0.55 Gr. E.M.

The Brandenbni^high character of this denarius stands out the eyes, and one will also admit without hesitation that the only letter with which it is designated is most likely most likely the Münzherm, especially the one Denarius of Margrave Ludwig with L on the rf. (Weidhas IX, 16) and a Bertrade (H, 1270-76 or m 1286-1308) from Quedlinburg i) offers an analogy. But let's take the turn of the clergy, which, according to the factory, is our denarius could possibly come, i.e. the prelates of the XIII. and XIV century between Weser and Oder, we find Apart from our Friedrich, there are no others whose names start with P begins when Friedrich von Camin (1329-43), Friedrich n. von Halberstadt (1,209 -36), Frederick I of Lebus (1,305 - 11), Friedrich n. of Magdeburg 1382, the same as bishop of Merseburg (1357-82), and his predecessor Friedrich!. (1263 — 82, Friedrich von Batzeburg (1250-57) and Friedrich n. von Schwerin (1365-75), while the bishops of Bremen and Verden, whose dioceses only use Westphalian denarii (Wewelinghöfer) knew, definitely not come into consideration.

But from the Mttnz rights and their exercise by the We don't know anything about the bishops of Schwerin and the Ratzeburgers Bisch(tfe also seem to have only minted coins in modern times, so that they are seriously out of the question. The Merse As is well known, Burgher bishops have very little, and since the Xn. In the 19th century only bracteates were formed. And if also Brandenburg denarii in neighboring countries, which As far as style is concerned, the confusion is lation of these replicas with the Brandenburg originals

1) Cap Qiiedl. II, 16 incorrectly attributes this Deiur to Beatrix 1139^-1160.

158 H. DMuwnbarg,

This pretty much precludes the fact that the former is noticeably smaller and are lighter than the latter, which means that both the Merseburgers as the Caminer bishop excluded from the application become. Accordingly, of all those mentioned, apart from that Brandenburg, only the Halberstüdter and the Lebuser Frederick left; but the half-first man is not alone sooner than we can attribute our denarius to him, but they are also those of his immediate predecessor Con- md ^) so completely different that it is also complete is eliminated. It's harder now between the two of them contemporaries from Brandenburg and Lebus to decide, in- The factory of the denarius in question gives way to this from that of Konrad von Lebus ^ who is only a little older (1284--99) significantly enough to make our choice Branden- to steer the castle.

By the way, I'll remember, by the way. Director Wiggert to have seen an Obol of the same character in Magdeburg.

Bishop Heinrich m. (von Bodendyk), 1393—1406. Plate in, no. 3. Shield with the bishop's coat of arms

Rf. two crossed keys. (In the collection lung of the Hm. lungfer here itself^^. Weight 0.24 gr. To the founders who are under the protection of the Apostle Pe^us stood and therefore his badge ^ the key, in the coat of arms also belonged to Brandenburg.

And the bishop from whom our little dance came, teaches us Hildebrand, who in his writing about “the Tombstones and epitaphs etc. from the Altmark« various Monuments of the Bodendyk (or Bodenteich) family writes, and p. 110 as its coat of arms until the 14th century a bar drawn 3 or 4 times at points, later: in

1) Two still unedited denarii with CONRADVS EPISCOPVS and CONRA DVS-I -HALBE and the Biaohofskopfe under Architecture, Bf, the monastery saint in full figure without a name.

Coins of the BiB^hmns Bandenburg. 159

White a jumping natural deer, above the Rilclcen The hanging one, covered with a white zigzag bar wearing red cover, indicating what Siebmaeher I, 180 agrees with true. The fact that the bar has 5 points here is mam there is no doubt about the correctness of this determination can be derived, since, as is often noted, the stamp At that time, the number of coats of arms was not the same took it so closely. So, to mention just one example, from the 6 rafters of the Bavensberg coat of arms on the mint zen regularly only 2 shown ^j .

Szczecin. I love Stendal.

Plate in, No. 6. 1) Bust portrait with sword and flag above

an arch in which the griffin head Bf. ST3TI ... go through the corners of a-» the double-lined cross. M.S. Plate m, No. 5. 2) Bishop's bust portrait with crooked and

Cross staff over a bar. RF, COHRKÜl* in the corners of a ring, each with a ringlet • filled double-lined cross. M.S. Plate III, No. 4. 3) The Margrave, with sword and flag,

sitting. RF ST8ND7CL3 in the angles one filled with a ringlet each linear cross. M.S. The first of these 3 coins that are so similar to each other is un- edirt, it apparently comes from a few years ago Finds made at Filehne years ago. She is very strange,

1) So Mch on the Yiertelpfennig (Mem. St. Pet. lU, plate IV, 17.). Orote didn't pay close attention when he spoke of just one rafter, and therefore, above all with an unfounded doubt about the accuracy of the extremely Ireoeo image that refers» M&nzohen to BQren (Münzstnd. II, 915). The Figure clearly shows 2 rafters, just like Mader VI, plates I, 12 and Bl. f. Mfinzk. I, 24 No. 331 ; So the Ravensberg origin of this MQnze is not subject to the slightest doubt.

IgO B* Dannenberg,

because they differ from the other uses, not the name of the Duke, but rather that of the mint, and because Stettin appears here in the first place, if we don't see it in that * CeTIITIINßeST the Rf. of a BVaBQELLVLF (Dannen- mountain/ Pomm. Mz. p. 7). The minting time is the Output of the XUI. century, i.e. the reign of Bar- nims I. (d. 1278), with whose character it has a lot of similarity, or his sons Bogislaw IV (f 1309), Barnim 11 (f 1295) and Otto (d. 1345), and probably the latter, because then The lack of the duke's name is more likely explained, also because this Mint in the find that was probably buried a little earlier by Amswalde, which is due to be published soon, is not was represented.

The other two denarii are already known, I have However, their figure repeat to mttssen believed because they from the light just discussed. This applies in particular from No. 2, which Mader (critical contribution IV, 85) assigns to an abbot, con- attributed to rad von Ebrach. I did years ago (Mitth. d. Num. Ges. p. 274) pointed out that this Denarius looks so much like the Stendaler in question Franconian factory but doesn't have the least bit about it, and I therefore gave it to the Lebus bishop Konrad von Stemberg 1284 - 99 attributed. Without getting involved in repetitions allow, I just want to note that only the Magdeburg Archbishop Konrad II (1266-77) with the Lebuser could argue, and that with the proximity of Magdeburg and Stendal and the other lack of evidence for the Abolition of the coin law by the bishops of Lebus some capable experts turned against me in favor of Magdeburg said it and made myself unsteady.

The discovery of the above Stettin denarius seems but to answer the question in the sense of my first assumption divorce. Because all 3 coins in question have,

Coins of the Diocese of Brandenburg. ligl

especially as far as the applicants are concerned, they have so much in common that they as related in time and space. According to the time are initially all determined only to the extent that they are determined according to analysis. logies in the nth half of the XUI. century must ^), according to the location only the Konrad is undetermined. Well However, Magdeburg is barely 8 miles from Stendal the distance between Lebus and Magdeburg, in a straight line Line measured is about 25 miles, but the argument, which can be deduced from this for Magdeburg and against Lebus. could take, is completely destroyed by the thought the Stettin denarius, which was almost more similar to Konrad looks like the Stendaler. And yet Stendal lies from Stettin 27 miles, Stettin from Lebus 15 miles. So that's Konrad Just as possible in Lebus as in Magdeburg. But it's coming add that one from Magdeburg, whose coins belong to the the most numerous, does not know any such denarii ^), there So this C0NR7CDI may be a very isolated phenomenon would, whereas with the albeit small number of bran- Denburg bishop's coins in Lebus are required to the same extent would be strange, and by the Stendaler as well as the Stettiner Denarius could be caused. So for now it seems to me more There is reason to stand by my earlier view remain than to revoke it in favor of Magdeburg.

Broad groschen from the Grand Master Friedrich (1498-1510).

Plate in, No. 7. FRIDQRIRVS* DGI* GRÄOIÄ* (MjÄGIST

*6GMRÄLIS + (or | ). On one

1) Köhne (Zeitschr. V, 284) leaves the Stendal denarius chronologically un- true.

2) That of Köhne (Reichel IV, 1762) to Archbishop Albert 1205-1234) The denarius awarded is at least very doubtful, as is the case. MQWer- Stedt (seal and MQnz. of the Burgraves of Magdeburg p. 34) says, and true- Apparently of more recent date, the allocation of a denarius to Archbishop Erich (Weidhas IV, 9 p. f)) but this is completely inadmissible because the alleged Q a Q. and so that this allocation is deprived of its sole basis.

Magazine for NumiiimaUk. III. 11

162 H. Dannenberg,

BlnmenkFeuze the fourth Sächsifitch-meiAs* niche shield, on which rests the order's wreath with the Hoftneister shield. Bf. aOMSQRVÄ MOS aVO ^OMIHTC Mary with the child in the Qlorie, at the feet of the Saxon Shield. Gr. 29 million

There is no more uniform series of coins than that of the German one order. After the small, roughly worked bracteates and the anonymous half-scoters and fours; with which it begins, follow for almost 2 centuries, of the 3 extremely rare Gold guilders from Grand Masters Heinrich and Albert apart, only Schillings and later groschen, which despite the different Name and salary all except the Grand Master's name essentially look alike. Then there is our piece, its unusual size as well as its deviance for the sake of rich representation, to be considered a true phenomenon. greet. Unfortunately I can only do it after a seal impression describe it, and therefore I cannot say for sure to say whether it is, as I was told, in the That is a penny, similar to that of King Alexander of Poland (Mzstud. I, Plate III, 8), or rather Ya Mark like the so-called Bugslauer or the Duke's large shilling Bogislaw X of Pomerania from 1500 (Mzstud. I, plate 30, no. 1, Dannenberg, Pomm. Mz. p. 33), which is the same size also shows the fourth coat of arms and the Mother of God.

We know from what was practiced under this Grand Master Coin negotiations (Vossberg, Prussian Mzgesch. p. 192), that the Prussian coins in Pomerania and other neighboring countries because they were gladly accepted, and that may be the case explain our piece corresponding to the Pomeranian if- like us about the decision to mint such coins, nothing has been handed down.

Coins of the Diocese of Brandenbuig. 163

By the way, Friedrich also worked in sphragistic terms. aehong proved to be an innovator^ because he was the first, as on his Qroschen is the only one known so far to have the Saxon shield, so on first have his family crest affixed to his seals, and The same four coat of arms figures as on this one Mttnze, only with the difference that the order is not like here: Saxony, Thuringia, Palatinate Saxony, Meissen is, other also the Meissnian lion in 3. and the Palatine eagle appears in 4th position.

H. Dannenberg.

!!•

ij

MBnzfinds.

A bracteate found of about 400 partly whole, partly Bracteates halved by a smooth cut have recently been published »either in the Merseburg administrative district or on its border Made in the Altenbargschem but unfortunately destroyed. Lftst According to this inaccurate information, neither the location where it was found is give, nor describe the find as such, which is right is permanent, I have presented more than 250 pieces which Mr. Teacher Thärmann sent in.

Among the few of Emperor Friedrich I, one has FRI D€RiCVS iMP€RATOR €T S€Mi (yeight is INP€RA TOR), some others have the same transcription less correctly and completely written, one half has •••RATOR €T S€MR A.

The vast majority consist of bracteates without inscriptions which both Frederick I and Henry VI. can belong. Because there are also Bracs from the last-mentioned emperor here. teaten, some halves have H€INRir****, others have them closed such belong to % seem to have: **ASAR €T S€M; these So the inscription has Heinricus. . . Caesar et semper Augustus be- indicates, but it ends with S€M. Mader has in the posts Th. VI, p. 150 and p. 154 these titles on imperial bracteates briefly mentioned. The type of all those mentioned so far is the Ordinary: the emperor enthroned, seen from the front, with a crown Scepter and orb.

J. FriedUender, MüBzfimde. |^5

In addition to some of the abbot's well-known beautiful bracteates Siegfried von Pegau (1185-1224), and a few Gera pieces a so-called abbess of Quedlinburg (they deviate from There are a lot of them (somewhat different from those shown at Posem-Klett). of Bishop Bertold II of Naumburg and Zeitz (1186—1206) ») same as Posem-Klett XXXHI, 45 and XXXIV, 9 ab- educated. But several others coined by him in Zeitz have BERTOLDVS EPIS CICEI, one also has CICEN. Mr. Archivrat von Mtilverstedt in Magdeburg, who is a Please let me know the number of bracteates from this find with that his copy clearly has CICI. Posem-Velcro leads only, according to Mader, a bracteate from Bertolds Folger, Bishop Engelhard (1207-1242), who has CICEH (see above); under Dietrich or Theodoric II (1244 - 1272) one had So far this city name has been found more often, but ours Bracteates of Bertold show that Zeitz was already influential under him. place was.

This is the only new thing about the part of the find, which I have seen teaches. A number of the best pieces Each type has been purchased for the royal coin cabinet been, and is for everyone who wants to go into detail Description of these pieces and their small variations wants to make, ready for use.

Another find was in Lüttgenziatz in the spring of 1875 Jerichow I circles made and made to the castle by Mr. Coqui Möckem was donated to the Royal Museum; but whether He doubts that the entire find came to him. There are four bracteates and 39 Brandenburg denarii. From the Bracteates have three each standing individually next to each other Thürme, the fourth, probably from Braunschweig, has one to the left

1) The gluing here is slightly different from Posem-Velcro Potthast corrected.

166 J- Frledltender, Mflncfunde.

riding lions and above 1 1 1 or JR. From the denarii is one from Berlin (Weidhas, plate X, 3) ^ also the denarii ibid. Vn, 10, IX, 17 with the Bavarian diamonds, IX, 19, X, 18, X, 19, XI, 6 with the crown, and a number of others, mostly poorly preserved. The most interesting one is on the Vf. an indistinct eagle with its wings outstretched, something like this Weidhas IV, 12, IV, 21, VH, 3; on the ^f. a crutch cross, in the four corners of which there are four letters, of which unfortunately only RTI are visible. With the coins of Barnim von This denarius has no resemblance to Pomerania, whether one beRTIan may assume? Like Berlin its competition, so have it Other cities also had their names etched on the coins^ Crossen on bracteates, Stendal on denarii. If you want a more detailed description writing seems necessary, the coins will do so at any time be presented.

As is well known, all of these denarii belong to the 14th century. changes. As Mr. Coqui states, there was one with them Bronze crucifix also donated to the museum, for example 5 inches tall, which is why they occur more often in our area, but usually attributed to an earlier era; it is treated in relief, the figure and the cross are ib Cast in one piece, it was perhaps for attaching the lid of a measuring book. The style is very raw, the hips are covered in a short robe.

J. Friedlaender.

M i s c e 1 1 e n.

Obituary. Corssen f. On June 18th d. J. died in Lichterfelde Berlin the famous philologist Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Corssen, co- workers of this magazine. Corssen, the author of: Aiib- language, vocalisms and emphasis of the Latin language 1858 and from: Language of the Etruscans, 2 vols. 1874/75. born 1820 in Bremen, was a professor at the state school from 1846 to 1866 Pforta, and privatized in Berlin since 1866. His essay about Etmsk coins in the first issue of the third volume of ours

Magazine was his last work.

A.V.S.

Did the Romans have coin collections?

The question is answered in the affirmative by a passage from Suetonius, which to answer it, as far as I know ^ has not yet been used.

In Octavianus Cap. LXXV he says: Festos et solemnes dies proftasissime .... celebrabat. Satumalibus , et si quando alias libuisset, modo mnnera dividebat, vestem et aumm et argentum, modo nummos omnis notae, etiam veteres regios ac peregrinos.

The gold and silver here are undoubtedly Greek

Coins, royal coins, opposed; they consequently became

not according to the metal value, but as historical monuments

or valued as works of art.

J. Friedlaender,

168 literature.

Literature.

Ljabic opis jngo Blavenskih novaca. U. Zagreba (i.e. Agram) 1875. 4. p. XXVH and 235. XVU plate (Berlin near A. Asher & Co.)

There is hardly a more interesting branch of the Middle ancient coinage as that which the coinage of the urban Slavic peoples who live on the border of the European culture has put forward many characteristics in its approaches the physicalities of the peoples surrounding them are more diverse reflect descent and development; but at the same time also is no other part of our science of such recent date than this. Thank you for the first attempt in this field We thank Reichel, who has earned so much money for his knowledge of coins (in the m^m. de St. Pet. ü) first the Mtnzen of Serbia, then (hereinafter vol.) dealt with by Bosnia, Dalmatia and Bulgaria. delt has a total of 49 pieces. Luczenbacher soon followed him and Erdy (1st Berl. Bl m, 331), then Egger, the (Vienna num. Monthly n, 157] the monasteries of Bosnia and Dalmatia, as well as later (a. a. 0. V, 105] that of the Bulgarians together- has provided. Unfortunately, Luczenbacher and Erdy have each other Hungarian language is served, which the majority of the educated world is incomprehensible, as Beichel (möm. St. Pet. n, 258) rightly criticized. A same accusation applies to the present work, written in Croatian, less perhaps the Mr. Author, who is probably the The power of circumstances had to take effect, as you can see because in general it can be justified more easily if the antiquity of a country, for example to make them understandable even to the few to bring educated compatriots closer, in the, albeit less widely spoken national language can be described as if

Lientor. 169

Hungarian chauvinism gives us the money of a neighboring country in his own idiom, which is unknown on this side of Leitha. leads. So it's actually a book with seven seals whose meeting we go to and we would be completely silent must, if not the 17 plates that accompany it, and which, as well as the equipment of the work in general, for the MunilScenz of the k. Austrian government witness, one spoke in generally understandable language.

Let's stick to these, from Aug. Benedict with a big one Cleanliness and true to style illustrations, which Incidentally, by no means all of them, but the main types are reproduce the originals described in the text, then it falls to Next comes the extraordinary confession that is before us here Eyes are put, no less than 444 coins! A ver- equation with the achievements of the Mr. Author's predecessors. will make this clear.

He begins with the coins of the Bulgarians, from which on Plate I - 60 are shown, while Egger only shows 12 could. Comparing both views prohibits, as usual says my ignorance of the text; but so much shines Nevertheless, it is clear that Egger is wrong when he sees the completely similar ones Svatoslav - coins only for this reason the one to the Grand Duke of Kiev (967 - 972)^ the others three centuries later Svatoslav (1294 - 1322) because that one is about something rougher Die cuts are, and that's why Ljubic uses them with full Bechte all appropriated to the younger Czar. Interesting Incidentally, the coin princes of both writers are each other to contrast: Egger has coins from the mentioned Svatoslav of Kiev, then by Johann Asan H. (f 1241), Michael H. (1245 - 59), Swätoslaw H., Johann Srazimir (an- Dated 1330) and Schishman (—1392), Ljubic of Vladimir (885-888), Simeon (888-927), Asan I (1186-96), Peter U. (1196 - 1201), Job. Asan U. (1218-41), Michael 11. Asan