Zeitschrift für Numismatik, vol. 3 — 1876

j 70 liter no.

(1245-58), Svatoslaw, Michael lU. (1323-30), Job. Strashimir (1371-77) and Johann SchiBchman (1371-95). Worrying The Simeon coins appear because they are exactly the same Byzantine type (Gbristos standing "Rf. two emperors, daa Holding Labanun) show, like those of the much later Ozars Asan I and Peter II. As for metal, offers this Bulgarian sequence has a greater diversity than that following, because there are not only several Enpfermtnzen (from Asan I. and indefinite) present, but also a gold piece (from Vladimir), the same thing that used to be called racial held and the Reichel (möm. St. Pet. II, 243) to the Serbian King Vladimir (f 1016). The guys are largely Byzantine, although sometimes in free treatment lung, the language predominantly Slavic, only Michael U. Asan also uses Latin.

The Serbian series, which alone, is significantly richer fills over 12 panels, although it was not until Vladislaw I (1234 to 41) begins. Silver stamping is also predominant here, Copper only rarely found (Tf. X, 13 - 15) and only one Only gold piece (by Stephan Urosch, plate X, 1) available. The variety of types is extraordinary, in addition to numerous bjmui- There are also Venetian and Venetian replicas most interesting independent character, e.g. B. Tf. Vm, 7 with Angels who crown the king (Stephan Duschan), nnd Plate IX, 1 and 2 (of the same) with angels next to the bath* nisse of the Savior. This prince's coin series belongs to* hanpt among the richest; obw(^l he didn't last too long (1331 until 55), we find 75 coins from him - formed, some of which show his wife next to him and (Tf. VII, 22-24, Vni, 1, 2), others call him emperor (e.g. Tf. VH, 17 ST IP. ROMAniae RX.RTlSia). Apart from him, the only person left is his successor, Stephan Urosch 1365 - 67) is adorned with the title of Elias on his coins.

Literary. t71

Particularly noteworthy is Tf. XIII, 27, where next to Oeoi^ Brankowitsch (1427 - 56) also the Hungarian King John Hunyades is called (D8SP0 6VR0 Bf. * lObÄRaS D: bW. Ro Vß0ÄRI :) . Partial monograms are very popular, including those of the most strange kind; a little mask that goes on is only inscribed with monograms on both sides (by Georg Brankowitsch, Tf. Xm, 24 and 25) is also found in Sicily explained (Seichel IX, 158). Also offer linguistic interest these caps; Not only does the Slavic language change on them the Latin language, but some are also two- linguistic, and others (by Stephan Lazarevich 1389 - 1427, Tf. Xn, 1, 2, and by Stephan Georgiewitsch 1458 — 76, Tf. Xin, 28) even show the Italian title Conte!

Among the Serbians we meet many in numismatics completely new names: Johann Oliver (1341? - 63), Constantin (1377? - 1401), Nicolaus * Altomanowitsch (1364? - 74), Repa (1380?), Rig (1390?), Jacob (1400?), Prizren (1380?), Skopljen (1380?), Stezan (1380?), Demetrius (1390?), Branko (1370?), Vlatko (1380?).

The Serbs are followed by 42 Bosnian coins (38 silver, 4 copper) of the kings Stephen I (1290-1313), Paul Mladin, Stephan n., Stephan Tvertko I., Stephan Ostoja, Stephan Tvertko n., Stephan Thomas, Stephan Thomasewitsch and Nicolaus Ujlak (1471-77), several of whom belonged to Cattaro where some of the Serbian kings also did let it be embossed. Apart from a bilingual denarius (Tf. XVn, 11) the language is exclusively Latin. The decision is made by 9 silver coins of Hervoja, Duke by Spalato (1403-15), whose coins 6. Friedlaender (numi med. aevi ined.), Reichel (m6m. St. Pet. IIIj, Schweitzer (IV Decade) and Egger (W. num. Monath. II, 176). have.

We can't put the book down without it

172 Literature.

WoDBch aaszndrttcken that for us it's not always just a matter remain a picture book, so that someone can be found who the same, at least in its most essential parts Dentsche or French transmits, a wish that, if the feeding boards were made available for use, that would be fine could be realized; of readers and buyers it would certainly not missing. Dannenberg.

M^langes de numismatique publ. p. F. de Saulcy, A. de Barth^lemy et E. Hucher. Le Maus 1875. HeftlU, IV (pp. 161-320). Maxe-Werly, L., revue de la num. gaaloise. — Monnaie inödite a la lying ATESOS. Hucher, E., note on the m6d. nag. KRACCUS, ATEVLA et CALEDV. Saulcy, F. de, ötude des m. rom. contremarquöes aprös la dead of Noron. Saulcy, F. de, monnaie d'Auguste contremar- quöe par Pixtilos. With half a dog looking back, similar to the reverse type of the Pixtilos. Hucher, E., trösor de la Blanchardiöre. First article, prefer 8000 billon coins from the time of Philip to Tetricus; a coin of Tetricus Caesar with the full name Pius': C PIVS TETRICVS CAI. and many unedited varieties. — Among the numismatics of Essays relating to the Middle Ages should be highlighted: Sohlum- berger, 6., monnaies inödites des Francs en Orient. Denarii by Raimund v. Poitiers v. Antioch (1136 - 49), Boemund HI. (1,163 - 1,201), Raimund v. Rupin (1205-19), Boemund IV. (1201-1233). — Longer discussion of in the bibliography Heiss' work on the ancient coins of Spain. — The ones The woodcuts included in the magazine are excellent.

A.V.S.

Numismatic Chronicle. London 1874. IV. Bom- pois, F. explic. d^un didrachm. in6d. de la ville dlchnae. Appendices. I would rather have this essay already on p. 50 above. been spoken. The Berlin collection (Prokesch) owns

Literature. 173

one of the pictured coins from Dicaea with types ron Eretria very similar coin, but without writing. The p. 280 aas- spoken view that the octodrachms with a seated griffin It is natural not to belong to Teos but to Abdera the right one. The coins of Teos (as we know is where the Greif is almost always depicted on the right, but in Abdera it is on the left) have a completely different vision. — Madden, Ms. W., Jewish namismatics. This important article by the author of history of Jewish coinage is in the Lord's statement above Dr. Merzbacher, who will soon be working on a larger project which will deliver Jewish coins, is discussed. I notice nar nor za of the doubted, strange coin Alexandra, that Mr. Reichardt has a copy of this A very striking piece in Egger's Wiener nnm. monthly heften m, p. 111, plates 4, 2 pablized. — Cochran Patrick, notes on the annals of the Scottish coinage. — Pool, St. L., a Rassian namismatic glossary. —Rogers, E.T., notes on some ined. coins of the dyn. of the Khalifahs of Bani Umeya. — literary. Miscellaneous. Proceedings of the namismatic Society.

The same, 1875, I. Vaax, W. S. W., on an aniqne coin of Plato, a King of Bactriana. This was already mentioned earlier imagined Tetradrachmon of the British Museom with one, the Encratides-like helmeted head, anf the Rf. Helios in Four-horse team. BAZIAEfiZ EHI^ANOYZ HAATfiNOZ and the year PMI, 147 of the Seleacidena era = 165 BC. BC The otherwise well-known Plato is perhaps justifiably given a Naoh- k(mime of the cavalry commander Plato aas Athens anter Alexander d. Gr. yermathet. Very noteworthy is the evidence that Many names of Bactrian kings remember Alexander's army leaders, we find a connection between the Bactrians Dynasties with these military leaders can be married. — Six, J. P., Lycceios, dynaste des Peonias. The identity of the

174 LlterAtQT.

Lyppeios from me in the previous issue (Eetriporis, Thracian D3mast] discussed Athenian inscription with Lykkeios the Mttnzen is doubtfully established here by a didrachm in the author's collection with the usual types of Lye- ceius and the inscription AYKPEIO. — Six, J.P., surlespre- miöres monnaies de bronze, ämises k Sjrracuse. One copy the small copper coin with a female head and bath, in which two dolphins, in the author's collection, are in the city registry the first Rho: ZYRA. I have already shown that these caps, one of which bears the name of the artist Phrygillos has, all in the last years of the 5th Jahih. must belong. You usually show a fine, the other coins with artist's names similar style. An ancient rho must therefore be used This type of coins and at this time are very strange and strange. This one example points to an earlier time. — In the next issue I hope it's still unknown and important for the whole question to be able to publish a copper coin from Syracuse, which also if belongs to the series discussed here. —Gardner, P., Plantiana, a rectification. Final confirmation of my yer- muthung (Numism. Zeitschr. Vienna, m, p. 93) that Fulvia Plautiana and Fulvia Plautilla, daughter of Plautianus and Wife of Caracalla, are identical. Coins of Hypaepa with the same magistrate name ETTl MENANAPOY BACCIA — I don't want this as a genitive, son of Bassias, but rather rather as an abbreviation of Baaaidyov, like Caracalla's earlier one Name, read - have both forms of the name alternately, nAAYTIAAA and nAAYTJANH. - Madden, F., jewish numismatics. Second article, the coins of the Herodians acting. — Henfrey, H. W., notes relating to the Naval honorary medal of the Common wealth. — literature and mis- cells. In the literature discussion of the art historical Numismatic article by H. V. Tebbs in the art newspaper “Portfolio” and the beautiful car types attached to it

Lttentur. 175

Tables that provide an overview of the box developments give coinage. The mouse solus shown is the one well-known false stamp, which is still in many collections lungs are found. A v S

Schlumberger, monnaie in6dite des seigneurs du Toron en Syria (extr. de la revue archaeologique 1875). p. 12. 8., with an illustration.

The numismatics of the Crusades are still rich for us today appears^ when we look back at what happened about a year ago Although it was known about it for generations, it still leaves feel interpretive gaps, especially ours is limited Knowledge, as the author emphasizes, almost exclusively on this Kingdom itself and the three great principalities of Antioohia, Tripoli and Edessa, while from the numerous fiefdoms second rank, who had established themselves in Syria, first few coins were brought to light. To these numismatic One of the previously unknown baronies is that of Toron The essay in question was introduced with the following copper ^ Coin: CastRI TORO. . . Fortress wall with Thurpi, JS/*. without Transcription. Square ornament, similar to a portcullis.

Hugh of St. Omer, Prince of Tiberias, laid 10 miles from Tyre, which was then still in the possession of the enemy a strong one on a high hill that extends into the plain fort, which he called Toron, but the Arabs still call it today referred to by the older name Tebnin. After Hugo Soon afterwards, King Baldwin L (1107) gave this fortress a knight of the first crusade, named Humfried, who... Land far around was subjected to his rule, the conquest of Tire and his son Humfried H. (1136 V - 1178) had as a successor. The latter played an excellent role in the fight against the unbelievers and received from Bal- youin lU. the dignity of a Conn^table as a reward. His grandson

176 Lltentur.

Hnmfried in. (1178-1198) followed him, a weak prince,

under which Toron was also lost after he conquered it (1180).

King Baldwin lY. ceded it and he gave it to the litular count

Josselin of Edessa had left. The treaty of 1229

put the Christians back in possession of our fort

the Emperor awarded Princess Alix of Armenia, the

Niece of the childless Hnmfried m. She inherited it from her

Granddaughter Marie, daughter of her son Raimund-Rupin from An-

tiochia, who will soon meet with Philipp von Montfort, Mr

married from Tyre. This was followed in Tire as well as in Toron

his son Johann (1269 - 83), who already had a Tyrian one

Coin entitled Toron (lOhS TRO Rf. DO SVR)

is known. His brother Humfried only had Toron in

briefly owned it (1283-84) and left it to his son Rupin,

which first Toron, then (1291) also Tire with the last

Remnants of Christian glory were lost.

Mr. Author for the allocation

of our coin to one of the older dynasts of Toron, because

In any case, the gentlemen of Montfort did not fail to do so

would also take the title of Tyre; most

he leans towards Hnmfried H. or IH. and finds an explanation

the only Rf standing there, difficult to decide which he, if she

not the (unknown) coat of arms of the Lords of Toron

represents, fttr wants to hold a portcullis (herse).

H.D.

Roman-Macedonian coins.

The very rare Tetradraclimon pictured here is one the next and most important acquisitions of the Royal Snigl. coin cabinetfl; the series of medals of Roman MacedoniaB is now complete. As far as I know, so far they have only had the one only one copy was known, which Hestini describes in the Descriptio p. 85, No. 1 2 from the Ainslie'schea collection; This example was cited again and again where the coin died spoken: by Miounet, by Borghesi in the Osservaztoni Dec. 16, 1 - 4, and by Fr. Lenormant in the Revue nnmisma- tiqne 1852, p. 332. And probably ee is also the identical, which is now located in the Iritincfaen Musenro. Pictured it never is. Our specimen weighs, completely preserved,

SlIlKktifl for Hunllluilik ui 12

178 J* FriedUender,

16.69 grm., which is the usual weight of the Attic Tetradrachms of Roman Macedonia.

The Sm^ mentioned here is after the excellent one above Borghesi's cited essays: Bmttius Sura, in Plntarch in Sulla: BQhxiog Sov^ag ^) . All we know about him is that he... as legate of Sentius Satuminus^ Proconsul in Macedonia, in second year of the Mithradatic War, 87 y. BC, the Ar- chelaus, one of Mithradate's generals, in several meetings defeated at Chaeronea. Since in the following year Mithradat Ma- Cedonia owned, the coin cannot have been minted later.

The head of the front is the same as that of the well-known ten coins of Aesillas, it is Alexander the Great; one has thought he was the head of Libertas, only the small but often very clear Ammonshom proves that it is Alexander. The O behind the head probably means the embossed place Thessalonice, the capital of Roman Macedonia. The Club on the reverse side refers to Heracles as patron of the country. The round box is the money box and the armchair the subsellium^ which, on other coins, comes from the staff of Yiator accompanied, Quaestor's badges are^j. In Sunra this is u doubles how often it happens; the title legatus pro quaestore means that Sura's term as quaestor had expired, that but he continued to run the administration 'j.

The Mttnz Cabinet now has the support of the Macedonian Coins with Roman official names yoU Constant; there are:

1) Leiiormant, who did not know Borghesf's essay, says a. a. Q 8. 332: Sura seui possible et usit^ comme cognomen dans la family Lentula, by which he means Cornelia; Sara alone is known to be the cognomen of several Families, apart from the Bruttia, for example the Mamilia, Liciaia, Anrella.

2) Leake considers the box to be the Cista mystica, which refers to Bacchus Subsellinm for the Quaestor's table, Lenormant even calls this latter Sella curulis. That will justify this otherwise seemingly unnecessary correction.

3) Lenormant means a. a. O. S. 332, Sura is the proquaestor of the quaestor

Aesillas!

Roman - Macedonian coins. 179

1) This of the Sura.

2) The same types of the historically unknown Aesillas, which is as common as that of Sura is rare ^) .

The cabinet also has the rarer coin of this type, on which there is an 8 instead; Borghesi thought of bot- tiaea ; another one of our collection (and in the BorrelF catalog log No. 28) has an A above the wreath of the reverse side, while that is missing behind Alexander's head; with this one could So if you think of Amphipolis, it's all the more beautiful than any other, as can be expected from this city, which was near the Pangean mines and the had minted the most beautiful autonomous coins.

3) The coin of Aesillas, which is in front of the inscription MA KEÄONfiN still has CAE PR. Cae... is more cognomen than noun. This Praetor Cae... is so little known historically, as his quaestor Aesillas. Borghesi has a. a. 0., Osserv. 3, believed that CAE.PR meant the Q. Caecilius Metellus, which is mentioned in an inscription that Borghesi believed to be Macedonian; alone in a note to the new edition of Borghesi's Works Mommsen says that this inscription was made in the Peloponnese was found; This means that the basis of Borghesi's hypothesis falls. thesis, and Cae... remains unknown.

4) One of the Aesillas coins, without the Cae. Fri, with that O, so probably minted in Thessalonice, in the Paris cabinet in front of Alexander Sl's neck; the obverse here is true to p. 177 pictured ^] . Borghesi saw this as the beginning of a Roman one Official name, perhaps of the Gentilicium, unknown to us of Aesillas himself. I have the sulfur paste; these

1) AESILAS in the Wetzian catalog no. 1768 requires confirmation. Lenor mant says that the bronze specimen published in the Museum Sanclementianum must be a cast, he seems not to have noticed that Mionnet had already done so. had right; He is also surprised that Sestini is publishing this false news but Sestini has nothing to do with the work of Sanclementi.

2) Lenormant a.^a. 0. Panel \, 4 didn't quite depict her in character.

12*

ISO J- Friedlaender,

Letters are in unusual places^ they are striking thinner than the other inscriptions on the same specimen clear, and of a different character, they certainly form a separate whole; the S has the form S. It should be the number 16 be? not a year, but a value? The denarius and the Attic drachma was the same in Macedonia, the drachma So there were 4 sesterces, the tetradrachm 16, and sesterces are the official billing coin. The piece was the Macedonian Common as a tetradrachm, the number 16 told them how high the Romans counted it. Value numbers of this kind come from X, V and HS on the silver of the Republic, let alone, as MH, KA, IB on bronzes of Bosporan kings at the time of August before. And in much later times, under Justinian, come, also in Thessalonice, IS as 16, H as 8, Ä as 4 before. The position Sl instead of IS is irrelevant, the form of Vau differs little from the most common, and it is knows in how changing forms this number symbol appears.

5) The fairly rare Tetradrachmon, which is found on the The front has the Macedonian shield, the middle part shows the head of Artemis ^) , and on the reverse side LEG over

1) This Macedonian shield, which so often forms the type, is still always misunderstood. Ks is a large circular shield, the round middle of which piece contains a head or a monogram or some other representation The wide edge forms a circle of ornaments, which represent the Macedonian shield are characteristic: one star each, half enclosed by an open double line-. \^ . But often it is described like this: head (or monogram, etc.) surrounded by five (or seven) oval Macedonian shields, each with a star with its surroundings is mistakenly mistaken for its own shield.

A copy of this coin on which only G of LEO happens to be visible was, was therefore misunderstood and declared false (Mionnet p. III, 0, 37 note). On another it says D instead of LEO, perhaps ward the above-mentioned O turned upside down and thought to be a D. On bronzes with MAKE By the way, AONQN really occurs in D.

Lenormant cites a copy of Borrell's catalog No. 28, which LEEO and MAKEEAONQN has. Since the doubling only occurs with long vowels can take place, it is probably accidentally buried here by the back of the SchrötÜng

Roman ^ Macedonian coins. 181

the lying club, MAKEÄONßN under her, and above in the Field a hand, which seems to be a branch olive branch holds; similar to the type of coin of Magnesia in Lydia, which bears Cicero's name.

The inscription LEG is striking, it means well legatus (per quaestore) ; on the Macedonian coin of Brutus It also just says Q, Quaestor, without a name. If LEG were the catch a cognomen, the title was missing, which was in Aesitlas, Sura and Cae. . . stands.

The chronology of the Roman-Macedonian coins results itself. The coins of the four-part Macedonia belong to the twenty years of the Battle of Pydna^ 168 y. BC, until the suppression of the rebellion of Andriscus, 148. In all external hallmarks these coins are the same immediately preceding Perseus. The reason why the silver coins of Macedonia are so common - Eckhel says that he has received several thousand from Hungarian and German Benbürgian finds passed through the hands of the secunda so extremely rare (tertia doesn't have it at all, and quarta only bronzes), is that the capital of the prima Amphipolis, was close to the Pangean mountains, whose rich mountain ranges works that supplied silver.

First come the bronzes of the Quaestors G. Publicius and L. Fulcinius, which partly corresponds to the bronzes of Macedonia quarta are similar, so probably soon after Macedonia Pro- had become vinz, are coined; they only have Greek cal inscription.

The time of the coinage of Sura seems to be certain: 87 years ago

be consistent with the stamp, the brjileii words are at an angle to each other. Such random doubling of individual letters through embossing took place me yor: KVMMAinN, MVNNIinN.

Ig2 ^' Friedlaender, Roman-Macedonian coins.

BC, and those of Aesillas go with her, as everyone sees. The coin with LEG will also belong to this era ^) .

In the last times before the battle of Philippi are then the coins of Brutus were minted, the well-known gold mttn* zen with KOZfiN with its Roman type and the bronzes with his head and the imitated type of the Sura and Aesillas on the downside. It is impossible for these to coins without writing - they only have Q - around the time of Aesillas belong, because the similarity of her image with the Busts and the inscribed coins of Brutus are striking, and Roman silver coins of Brutus have the similar one Type of the downside. Nor is it a long time between the coins of Aesillas and those of Brutus, like this that a repetition of the type is not noticeable.

About the Macedonian coins from the civil period I wrote about it elsewhere.

1) Lenormant p. 317 believes she was born in the Yiertheilang period; this In addition to her character, the Latin word that she carries also refutes, but perhaps it will be coined soon afterwards.

J. Friedlaender.

Investigations into ancient Hebrew coinsJ)

(Plates IV. and V.)

Jewish numismatics has, in recent decades, especially since the appearance of de Saulcy's rechm-ches sur la numismatique Judaique (Paris 1854) made significant progress made. The rich, partly new material that is here well organized for the first time and accompanied by excellent illustrations demonstrations was already of great interest, prompted an even more zealous processing because there was more before than almost nothing in this area for half a century had happened. Although Cavedoni had in his numümatica biblica 08ta dichiarazione delle monete ancient memorate nelle Sante Scritture (Modena 1850) shortly before the publication of de Saulcy's works just mentioned made an attempt to to treat Jewish coins in a more modern way; However, it wasn't just new material that he lacked, but - one it can, without getting too close to the merits of this numismatist step, assert - also the unbiased view of the historian kers. His belief in authority was so strong that he... only in minor matters detached from Bayer's outdated views - said^). It was therefore very beneficial that Cavedoni through de

1) Part of this heist appeared as an inaugural dissertation under the Title: de slclis, nummis antiquissiiiiis Judaeorum, Berol. 1873.

2) Franz Perez Bayer's writings: »do iiuniis hebraeo-samaritanis (Valentiae Edetanorum 1781)" and "numormn hebraeo-saniaritanorum v4ndiciae (ibid. 1790)" Regardless of the above remark, they still contain a lot of value.

184 I^r. Bow Menbacher,

Sanlcy'« often challenged, forced, too bold UypotheBen was 5 in his appendice alla numismatica biblica (Modena 1855]

1) Gavedoni's above-mentioned main work first appeared in Vol. IX, X n. XI dei III. Series of the “Memorie dl Religlone, dl Letteratura e di Morale” (Modena 1850); the appendix to it ibid. Vol. XVIII (1855). Both writings appeared then together under the title: “Biblical numismatics from d^m Itali&ntschen translated and with additions by A. v. Werlhof« (Hannover 1855 and 56) in two parts, which I will quote below.

2) de Yogütf: Rev. nnm. 1860 p. 280ir.

Gavedoni: Nnovi studi sopra le ancient monete Giudaiche (Modena 1863 from Opnscali religious, letters and morals Ser. 11, Vol. I) German by Werlhof in Orote's Coin Studies Vol. Y (Hannover 1867), p. 9if.; Le principali questioni Rignardanti la numismatica Giudaica difflnitivamente decide (Modena 1865 opnsc. rel. Ser. II, Vol. Y).

de Saulcy: Rev. num. 1864 p. 370 ff.; 1865 p. 29ff. ; Numerical chron. 1871 p. 235 ff. ; Rev. arch^l. 1872 p. 1 ff.

Madden: Num. chron. 1865 pp. 191 ff. and 342 ff.; 1866 p. 36ff. ; 1872 8th iff. and in a series of articles just begun in Numbers Chron. 1874 P.lY; 1875 P. 1.

H. C. Reichardt: Nnm. chron. 1862 8. 268 ff. ; 1864 p. 174 ff.; (cf. Egger's Vienna. Num. Monatohefte 1867 p. 103 ff.).

Apart from a few smaller publications in English collections (see Madden Jew. Coln. S. niff.) are particularly worth mentioning: R. Oarrucci: Dissertazioni archeologiche di vario argumento (Rome 1865) Vol. II

P. 31 ff. and the relevant metrological writings: B. Zuckermann: About Talmudic weights and coins (program of

Jewish theol. Seminar, Breslau 1862.). L. Herzfeld in the Yearb. f. Gesch. d. Jews, Vol. III (Leipzig 1863), p. 95ff.

Studies on ancient Hebrew coins. 185

brought Jewish coin customers closer to a final solution, while the latter contains all the material known up to that point and the results of the previous investigations are commendable summarized in a way.

However, it is in the nature of things that with the many multiple treatment of the same substance in individual, special difficult points, disagreement arises, and so on you could also do it in Jewish numismatics at Madden's Don't stop at results. Rather, it became apparent more recently However, some things that were previously considered irrefutable tens can rightly be called into question. Other little- at least needs a better justification*). The task of one The new investigation is therefore not just about what has happened so far not only to organize published material clearly, but also to have few at least the mainly disputed parts of the Jewish numismatics to treat mathematics in such a way that everyone, including those further away, recognize what can be viewed as a generally valid result and which is only based on conjecture. An attempt to solve this- In the following, this task will initially be applied to the ancient Hebrew schen, d. h. those Jewish coins are made^ which are provided with ancient Hebrew inscriptions^j. Dem

1) One consequence of this uncertainty is the repeatedly stated think against some very certain results of Jewish numismatics. Examples This can be found in Kwald's numerous critical articles, which he wrote without With more detailed knowledge of the coins, he considered himself competent to divide them to judge and in the process put forward even the most daring hypotheses (Göttinger News 1855 p. 109fr.; God. gel. no. 1855 p. 641 ff. ; 1862 p. 845 ff.; 1864 p. 1641 ff. ; History of the People of Israel Vol. IV» p. 443 ff.); but also More prudent scholars, such as Grätz and Derenbourg, are too fond of the accusation great reticence against Jewish coinage cannot be acquitted. — A Examples of incorrect treatment of the material are: A. Hager, Die Münzen the Bible (Stuttgart 1868), a writing that I only mention in order to to warn usage.

2] The coins of Herod and his successors, as well as those of the Romans Emperors are excluded from the ullitti clothing here, which is why the hand-me-downs statements that only deal with these CNkUong of Jewish coins, in advance were ignored in the bibliography.

iS6 ^^' Engen Merzbacher,

The following Kululog is dedicated to the first part of this task, the other part is used in a series of special articles find its solution.

The ancient Hebrew masks are divided into two distinct ones: groups to be separated from each other, an older, Maccabean, and a younger one, which for the sake of brevity we will refer to as that of the want to denote status coins. In both groups there are if we have the oldest Shekel ^) despite the recently appeared- The first concerns include only two metals, copper and Silver, represented.

The Maccabean coins can be found if you just Judging by external appearance, in three divisions but:

1) the shekels and half-shekels, which, as is now generally accepted, is given, oldest Jewish coins (see plate IV, no. 1 and 6) which, according to some, is a variety of Copper coins (see Plate IV, No. 136) can be lined up, which are in Following because of the uncertainty of their allocation among the »Undetermined« are listed;

2) Coins with the cornucopia on the one hand and ancient Hebrew Inscription on the other hand (see plate IV, nos. 9, 32, 44 and 58 d);

3) biüngue coins with different types (see plate IV, No. 44, 51, 53, 54, 70 and 71).

From an external perspective, the riot coins offer everything Variety of types little differences, and one would if one judged accordingly about the time of their coinage it should be tempting to assign them to one and the same era. show. However, if you compare more closely, you can see that difficult that this group is also divided into three departments. lets it. But the decisive factors here are not as in

1) loh use this word here and often in a broader sense, so dftss you also have to think about the half shekel.

zLl

Studies on ancient Hebrew coins. 187

the first group the types and language of the inscriptions, but the content of the inscriptions, which are on the sweeping Find page of coins. This results in:

1) Coins with the inscription: bv^'W^ nb«5ib nn« W« »first Year of Israel's Liberation" (cf. Plate V, Nos. 88, 91 and 94);

2) those with the inscription: btrw^ nnb n« as much as DD« burw"^ ninnb D*^ntD "second year of Israel's freedom" (cf. Plate V, Nos. 101, 102, 106 and 112);

3) those with the inscription: obtOTi*^ rmnb "to the freedom of Jerusalem" salems« or X^^t tmn »Freedom of Zion« (cf. plate V, No. 114, 122, 133 and the one shown at the foot of this coin).

If you compare both groups with each other, you can see one in terms of their types, that the Sekel and the them related copper coins, like all rebellion coins zen bear predominantly national-Jewish characteristics, such as chalice, lily, Grapes, trumpets, palm branches, cedar fruits and the like, Ideas that are still in circulation today almost certain equipment for Jewish worship found again in the same form. The Maccabean coins The second and third departments, on the other hand, are free of purely pagan images of living beings, but not of pagan niche symbols, such as the double cornucopia and the anchor, which appear in a very similar way on Syrian royal coins come.

This is how shekels and rebellion coins are similar in relation like guys, that's how advanced they are in terms of shape and style different from each other. The form of the uprising sen, especially the silver, unmistakably approaches that of the Roman coins. So, apart from other surroundings, they are stands that provide even more specific evidence, for that reason alone ^ a time zozuweiseoi&E^the period of Roman rule in

Ä*"-»

tgg Dr. Engen Meribacher,

JacUa is closer, and must be younger than those just mentioned- ten Maccabean nuns, the types of which are predominantly Syrian Binflnss binweise. The shape of the shekels is completely different from that of the silver decency mUnaen and remembered, like everyone, who has only some experience in non-fictional matters, easily It is very reminiscent of the form of older Syrüchor honeys.

Finally, the style of the coins, i.e. h. the way and manner in which the types and ID fonts are represented, you can see that that is the quality and sharpness inherent in the older coins the length of the representation is the same for the äckeln as for the ones, as we see are, oldest Maccabean copper coins (cf. Plate IV, Mr. 9 n. 32] is predominant, while the younger Maccabean schen, as well as those otherwise comparable to the shekels, nndeterminnitniten Buttons in writing and types are already a degeneration. advise.

The basis for the chronological arrangement of the ancient Hebrew words in general can be said like this Remarks lying on the surface are given.

I will now let the description of the coins follow here, including to which I immediately found the special one that I would later establish One part meets, which results in e.g. B, the ones just mentioned Copper coins comparable to shekels as well as some of the initial StandBmttnzen was eliminated as “undetermined” and went to the end of the directory would be set.

Abbtldnni of Nt. 137 nd

UntorBnchungen But «It-helirältelM Mümen. 189

I

VeneiobniBB of the Old Hebrew coins.^)

Older^finzen.

A. Shekels and half shekels.

*1) bimtn bp» »Sekel Israßrsa Chalice, above it K (=1) Rf. rttffHp obtOI*^"» »Holy Jerusalem«. A branch of lilies

with three flowers. jR. 6 2)

Berlin; cf. Bayer de num. Hebrew Sam. Plate I, Nos. 1 and 2, pp. 65-69; de Saulcy right. num. Jew. Plate I, No. 1, p. 17, No. 1 (= Mionnet descr. V, p. 555, no. 2 and 3).

2) bptDn '»sn "half a shekel", type as before.

Rf. Inscription and type as before. -Ä. 4.

Bavarian wine p. 43; de Saulcy a. a. 0. Plate I, No. 2, P. 18, No. 2 (= Mionnet, descr. V, p. 55, No. 1 ; Suppl. VIII, Plate XVni, No. 3).

3) bMnv^ bpv "Shekel of Israel". One on the edge with beads Chalice decorated with small or small balls; about that nv, = 'n [rü]tD Sch(enath) b, i.e. year II (one not closer designated era).

Rß TWTfpTi D^^btDTi"» "the holy Jerusalem", type like with the previous coins. AI. 6.

De Saulcy a. a. 0., Plate I, No. 3, pp. 19, 3.

4) bptDn ^tn "half shekel", types and years such as before.

RF. Same as before. -Ä. 4.

1) The directory numbers marked * are according to the examples illustrate the collection which is mentioned in the following tables pictured.

2) A compilation of Jödi weights that I have become aware of. I will follow with silver coins on the occasion of this blessing.

190 ^' Engen Merzb&cher,

De Saulcy a. a. 0., Plate I, No. 4, pp. 19, 4 (= Mionnet suppl. Vm, p. 378, no. 1).

5) btirw^ bpw "Shekel of Israel", type as before with the Year information A tD = 3i [n]1D d. b. Jabr in.

RF. Same as before. Ai. 6.

De Saulcy a. a. 0., Plate I, No. 5, p. 20, No. 5.

* 6] bpwn "^tn i"half shekel" , types and Jabres information such as before. RF. Same as before. Ai. 4.

Hamburgers in Frankfurt a. M.; cf. Reiebardt, Num. ebron. 1862, Plate VI, No. 1, p. 268.

7) bnrW"^ bfpto "Sekel of Israel", type as before with the

Jabres information *ltD '*! [n]W d. b. Year IV RF. Same as before. AI. 6.

Keicbardt a. a. 0., plate VI, 2, p. 269.

The copper specimens which are sometimes used from the Sekels •of different years are, if not decidedly wrong, such as a in my possession with the year j^v, but very ver- thoughtful and in the best case, like Cavedoni nuovi stud. p. 12 noted, to be regarded as an anima subaerati.

B. Copper coins of the Maccabees with their names and titles.

1. Jobann Hyrcanus I. 135 - 106 BC Cbr.

a.

Inscription: D^TtT^n nnn «äi b^yn ^nan pmrr^ d. b. »Jobann the high priest, head of the association of the Jews.

Types: The above inscription within a laurel or olive tree wreath. Rf. Double fttliboma, sometimes from tendrils or bandages wrapped around; between the two parts a mobn- stem, above it sometimes two connected to each other leaves. ^. 3-372.

Untenuchangen But ancient Hehraic coins. 191

According to the arrangement of the letters and division of the lines The following types of inscription are distinguished:

8) mn^ *9) :iMT

nirorqa (?3i)nirDrTjD

D Madden Jew. ox)in. P. 58 No. 4 = de Berlin; cf. de Saulcy Num. chron. 1871 Sanlcy right. num. Jew. Plate III, No. 3. P. 237 No. 15.

The shape of the letters n and 3 in the first line is standing specimens are of such a kind that it is difficult to divorce, which of the two can be read here. After that 10 of the ni. Line can be read in Madden's illustration of No. 8 a 1 . De Saulcy has in the description of this coin (a. a. 0., p. 96] this symbol was probably left out on purpose, although you can see one similar to n on the corresponding figure Form seen at this point. This illustration proves this but that there is no letter here, but, it seems to me^ part of the wreath surrounding the inscription can be seen because it is not uncommon for these wreaths (cf. e.g. de Saulcy a. a. 0., plate in, 2) hoe-like branches or leaves find that are not dissimilar to an ancient Hebrew vav, and in the copy in question at the point where that symbol stands, the surrounding wreath is irregularly supported would be broken if it didn't belong to the same thing.

10) nn^ 11) irr

nnn«Ä mnmD

nrrn nrp

Hamburgers in Frankfurt a/M. cf. de De Saulcy Num. chron. 1871 p. 237 Saulcy Nnm. chron. 1871 p. 273 No. 14. No. 13.

ii

Dr.

Bugen MerzbaeheTf

IS)

vr rortjan

13)

Artjan

•

■

(she) mm

Reichardt Niim. ohron. 1862 p

.269.

Reichardt ibid., cf. "Rggßfs Vienna.

Num.

Monatoh. 1867 p. 106.

The letter **, which appears at number 13 between "^ and n the fifth line, Reichardt becomes the previous one Words drawn inside and accordingly this part of the inscription read as follows: (she) [D]nrm[D]'»-ann W«n, after his erection Clarification in “Head of the Jewish Scholars”. I confess that I to decipher coins nos. 12 and 13 just as little I have confidence in how I interpret it will come back later.

In Bayer (de num. hebr. sam. p. 176, No. 4 of the assigned attached board) and Fabricy (in a letter to Cardinal Borgia at 0. G. Tyehsen opusc. IV. antique. Orient, illustrated Rostock 1794, p. 11) examples are mentioned that are probably too belong to the genus just described. However, it can be done Nothing specific can be said about it, since the image of Bayer is not exactly and the impression I have of its copy (now in the royal library in Madrid) only that at the beginning of the IV. Line 10 (as in numbers 11 and 12) can be clearly seen lets. Under no circumstances is Bavaria's decipherment: K^vsn )iran iro^mtr sound; even less that of Fabricy, who is on an im Mus. Veletri copies contain the indication of a “third year of government job. He claimed to be able to read Hyrcanus I.

b.

Inscription: D'^nri^n nnn*i bnan ymn pmm »John the High- priests and the association of Jews.» Types: on both sides as before. -dB. 2^2 — 3.

Studies on ancient Hebrew coins.

193

According to the division of the inscription, a distinction is made:

14) pmrr

i4Ws) lamb

15) lamb

•ttn Tfon

nan i'mn

•»mamb

rromb

■amVi

Th^nn

•»^im

^mn

Paris, Hamburger 1).

Merzbacher 2).

De Saulcy Nnm. chron. 1871 p. 237 no. 108).

I5bi8) pmrp

16)

(3) mm

16 to) Dn^im)

arnron

(rt|)rorrj

rnn(Drt|)

rronnb^

(■a)mbn3i

(she) naDnbiW

(Dj-nsTp

(^)nnvi

D Hamburgers.

^^m

Vienna, Merzbacher.

De Saulcy Num. chron. 1871

"8.237 No. 9");

17) mm

17 Ms) rnsT»

17ter) (n)'im

irrorrfs

(DrornD

irortjs

mbnan

nkrrom

???ban

rr»nna|

??

D'^^Cl)

Paris, Madden Jew. coin.

Merzbacher.

De Saulcy Num. chron. 1871

P. 54 No. 1.

p. 237 no. 6 »).

18) Mr

181

to) mm

i8ter) mm

nisiDnp

Niron...

. TTjron . .

mnnb (she)

(she) mnb..

(she) . . nnnnb

•»

^mm

imn

De Saulcy right. nnm. Jew.

Reichardt in Egger's Vienna.

Reichardt Number chron. 1862

Plate ni, No. 7.

Num. Mouatsh. 1867 p.107.

P. 270 No. 4.

1) Cf. Bayer de num. Heb.-Sam. Plate after p. 190 Nos. UI and YII; de Saulcy Num. chron. 1871 p. 237 no. 12.

2) Cf. de Saulcy Num. Chron. 1871 p. 237 No. 11. —- Der BuchsUbe i in Nahi is doubtful in the copy I have.

3) See de Saulcy right. num. Jew. Plate III, No. 1 and XX, No. 1, where at

Place of the last lines reads "'^^"''^ and •**!!", both coins, like that

those described above No. 15 are now in the royal. Cabinet in Munich.

4) nadi instead of nani is probably just a mistake made by the stamp cutter.

5) Cf. de Saulcy Num. Chron. 1871 p. 237 No. 8, where one replaces the third line of the inscription reads the letters nni (she) instead of nahi^n^n. — The Image of another specimen belonging to this genus at layer a. a. 0. No. V to Clerious is inaccurate.

Z«ltoehrirt fttr chimneypiece. III. 13

194

19)

Dr. EagM BfercbtelMr,

19 bi«) («ic)V1'^

nDTVJD

20)

mnn

(she)

DeSaulcy Num.chron. 1871 De Sftulcy right. nam. iodine. Berlin, Menbtheher^. P. 237 No. 7. Plate III, Nos. 4 and 5. i)

21)

3rrpn

D^n (she)

De SaBlcy right. num. Jew. Plate 111, No. 2 p. 96.

21 Wa)nn^

...on(n)..

21st)

to (her)

• • ■ •

De Sanlcy Num. chron. 1 871 De Sanlcy Num . chron. 1 87 1 P. 237 No. 5. P. 236 No. 2.

22) nn*» iron^Dn

(m)an

Hamburgers.

23)

(n)- (n)pm

24)

• •

■omb

Berlin.

De Sknley Nnm. chron. 187 1 P. 237 No. 4.

25) riDpn (she)

De Saulcy Num. chron. 1871 p. 236 no. 1 3).

Inscription and types as before, only with the difference; that above the Hebrew inscription between the two spitsen There is an A attached to the wreath. je. 2% - 3.

1) In trade.

2) See Bayer a. a. 0. No. II; de Sauloy Num. ehroo. 1871 p. 236 no. 3. The Tenchiedeien specimens are supplementary.

3) The inscription according to de Saulcy'a statement bo voUeUadig and the assumption, that the same was only reduced as a result of inadequate preservation of the coin, to exclude.

Viitersiifhafisfiii practices old-W^rSlene coins.

Itt5

According to the EinthisilBiig of Iisecrift one learns

26)

A

arnnDn

27)

26t>üi) A

tnfnan rranün

D Munich, Merzbacher >). De Sanlcy TInm. chron. 1871 De Sanlcy Korn, chron. 1871

P. 087 No. 19. P. 037 No. 18.

A

nanfren

28) A

29)

A

^DIIW

nin*'

Vl^TTlD

..DHp

rr»n-am

..bna

0*»^

De Saulcy Num. chron.

De Saulcy

right. num. Jew

P. 237 No. 17.

Tab.

m, No. 12.

30) A

(she) ^»W

bwriron vnm

Munich. ^

About Cavedoni's Mttnse comparable to this genus (Bibl. Num. 11, p. 21, note 13, Nuovi studi p. 13) has how I believe, Reichardt (in Figger's Vienna. Num. Monthly 1S67, p. 106} correctly judged. Bs appears in the Ilist on one Error to be based when Cavedoni on the other side of his The cap between the two parts of the double cornucopia Wanted to recognize the sign L A (supposedly = “Year 30”). There is many copies (cf. e.g. plate IV, no. 9 and 58 rf), on which the double cornucopia through two leaves in the shape of an A is connected at the top, while one protrudes from the Fillhom Hnks- of the sheet can easily be mistaken for an L.

1) Obife Iniehrlft Int ntch Tertchiedenen BxempUren added. See Bayar a. a. O. Nos. IV and VI ; Eckhel D. N. III, p. 474; de Sanley right. nom. Yad. Plate XX , No. 3, p. 98 No. 8 ; Madden Jew. ooin. P. &7 No. 3. ReiehaMt in Eggefs Vienna. Num. Monthah. 1867 p. 107.

2) Cf. de Saulcy reoh. num. Iodine. Plate III, No. 11, p. 09 mid Barthalemy'a Comment ibid. The Parisian sulfur drain that I was worried about was only one Recognize part of the inscription. The LMart 139irt^ instead of '^^nirr^ it's not entirely certain. UaMi*na YgL the same m No. 8 and 9 Bemefkte.

13»

196

Dr. Engen Iferzbiclier,

2. Jnda Aristobnl I. 106/5 v. BC

Inscription: D'^^wn lam brtx iro rnirr »Judah the High Priest

and the Yereimgang of the Jews. a Types: as in the coin job. Hyrcanus. ^. 2^^ — 3- According to the division of the inscription, a distinction is made:

31) yiin(^)

*32)

Tur^

33) Tm*»

•man

lamb'ib (she)

D'»n(?n)

^nm

rrr\

Vienna.

BerUn. ^

Madden Jew.coin. p.62.S]

34) n*inM

35)

WM

•

36) Tmr*

name

nbTT . . .

w»

•»nna

•'Trt

n

D

Retchardt (^gger Vienna. N. MonttBh.) 1867 p. 108. >)

De Stulcy Num. chron. 1871 p. 238. 23. *J

Merzhacher.S)

36 w«) Tur^

37)

TTV^

37 toiB)nnn^

(she) nsiiron rrxim

'»Ti'»

...nan

DeStulcyNum. chron. 1871 p. 238 no. 22. «)

De Saolcy Num. ehron. 1871 P. 238 No. 20.

De Sanlcy Num. chron. 1871 P. 238 No. 26.

37th)

mn*»

'

(she

i) bsinirize mom

Qrotefend year b.d.

club f.

Antiquity fr. in the railway station 1866 8. 291.

1) See Madden Jew.coin. p.62 s de Saulcy right. num.Jud. Plate II, No. 1, ^. 84, where instead of 1 in the word h'\n> as above in No. 33 there is an h due to a stamp error «u is to read (cf. Reichaidt in Egger's Vienna. Nnm. Monath. 1867 8. 109). A His copy at de Saulcy Num. chron. 1871 p. 238 no. 24 diiTerirt nr in the section of the last lines of the inscription.

2) s> de Saulcy right. tinm. Jnd. Plate II, No. 2.

3) Cf. de Sanloy Num. ehron. 1871 p. 238 no. 25.

4) close instead of nani is striking.

ö) ^T> instead of the usual ^in^i

6) See de Sanlcy Nnm. cbnm. 1871 8. 238 No. 21. Here lahh sutt nahi.

Support but old-world coins.

1^

3. Jonathan Alexander I (Jannai) 105—71^ y. BC

a. Ah, high priest.

Inscription: tmrrn nnm b^an fron ^nsirp »Jehonathan the High- priests and the Yereinigang of the Jadens.”

Types: as with the two previous princes.

in our opinion 2V2—3.

According to the division of the inscription, a distinction is made:

38)

41)

n-om

39)

no*' amb

40)

Sin*' ainD-jn

(0) Hamburgers, i)

De Saolcy Nnm. chron. 1871 p. 238 no. 33.")

(they) '»n'»

Merzbacher. 3)

3W^

41 to)

yyn^

42)

in*»

Tronin (n)*rön

(?n)^a

Dn-jn: b*T3min

(•»yam

7 right. nnm. Jew.

Hamburgers.

• • •

Merzbacher. *)

Plate n, No. 14. *)

1) Cf. de Saulcy Num. Chron. 1871 p. 238 no. 32.

2) Cf. de Saulcy Num. Chron. 1871 p. 238 no. 34, where one replaces the

last two lines reads ^' ^* ^ . On a copy I have of the

My father's collection, with otherwise excellent preservation, is the end of the inscription unclear.

3) Cf. de Saolcy Num. chron. 1871 p. 238 no. 36; similar copies in Berlin Cabinet and in the collection of Chamberlain von Rauch.

4) Cf. de Saulcy Num. Chron. 1871 p. 238 no. 38, where in place of the last both lines : ^o ' is read. Loaned copies in Berlin and in the My father's collection.

5) Cf. de Sauley Num. chron. 1871 p. 238 no. 27.

106

43)

Dr. mm

m M entecher.

\) err

44)

W

-amb

•*mom

n

cm

Menbicher, Berlm.

Barked,

Himbiirgflr. 1)

1] ...

47).

• a •

amb

45)

bwqn

•finm (she)

Bütte.")

48)

amb

De Senlsj Nu. chran. 1871 De Sanli^ff nin. honor. 1871 De Saakx 11 «m. ehron. 1871 8. 238 No. 30.3) 8. 238 kr. 35. «) 8. 238 No. 37.

arrro (she) irp

49) W5(

)) n-»

DrrjW

(?D)p3n

bnan-jn

bn^rtf

•w

nm

De Seulcy right. nam. Jad.

Rouin. 0)

Tef. 11, 10.")

U«tierUicken one the series d^ described so far macka- Bäiflchm Kvpfermtnzen (No. 8 - 50) you will find a lot of irregularities, which are partly due to the partly due to the fluctuating orthography of the time due to errors and arbitrariness of the stamp cutters or finally

1) See de Sanley Nnm. chron. 1871 p. 238 no. 29; de Stulcy right. num. Yad. Ttf. n, No. 11. Similar examples with b&ld more soon less mutilated mefCea Ineehrifteii at de SMlcy e. e. 0. No. 13 and Nnm. chxon. 1871 p. 238 No. 28 and 31.

2) «B de Saolcy right. nnm. Jnd. Plate II, No. 12.

3) Cf. Th. Chr. Tychsen in Gomm. Soc. Reg. Sdent. God. 1792 Vol. XI, 8. 165.

4) So voUstindig.

6) Noticeably missing here is the word nain. De Sanlcy worked on the for predicting the place of what can be seen in the illustration, "ni the line" *tn(T).. The above digit number is therefore not entirely safe.

6) The copy that I had in front of me was not completely certain. siffer.

UuterftuchuDgeii About ancient Hebrew coins. (96

on angenane EhitaEUfeniiig backttekznfübreii are^j. For the first time Type belongs to the changing Schrdbüiig of bn% and bna, D'^^i rm and D'^'imn, secondly the Ynrsttmmung especially the ktzteii Words of the inscriptions: D'^Tinn lim inan, and those of my nung naefa completely arbitrary, because isolated cuts in the Inscriptions from No. 25 and No. 47. A large number of the axi- However, the differences are caused by errors in the E^t* numbers were made. Everyone can see this Once someone has undergone a difficult task, they must see how Such mistakes can easily be made, and I confess I would like to say that some pieces are based on my own views I have described to someone else and even to myself may appear different later. The reason This uncertainty is rarely completely perfect Preservation of the individual specimens, some of them to be found, A/M the letters are very small and often only small in shape differ from each other. This is how it happens that e.g. B. 1 with n and even n (as the numbers IS^i» and ISter prove), ^ with l and n, 1 can be confused with n and **, n with 3, 3 with 3, and ge- Of course, some stamp errors are also a result of such errors. exchange 2] . When explaining these coins one may therefore Don't place too much emphasis on individual specimens The majority must decide.

1) Very rare are grammatical incorrectness such as: h'^i ^n^n or bnan "jnd instead of hn^n ^nsn, errors that do not always belong to the die cutters may be charged.

2) Another reason for Iirthfimem is mentioned above in the discussion discussed by No. 8. The wreath surrounding the inscription has many sometimes an unusual shape or is randomly stamped, i.e. parts of the same can be taken for bed parts of the inscription or vice versa. At the When deciphering these coins, one must therefore examine the position of the wreath in relation to the interior. Observe the writing carefully, which is all the easier since it is usually written like this its flakes and flowers symmetrically from a point below the inscription diverging, with the tips naturally turned upwards and finally at the opposite, upper point of the inscription eusammea" meet.

200 I^

If I then say in the present case one A decision that may seem petty to some people After describing the known varieties, ge* Bchah this only with regard to the collector and paleographer, for whom it will be desirable to have a preference that is as complete as possible Sees the irregularities just mentioned za preserved. However, at the same time, in order to criticize the individual developments digits to make it easier to make the arrangement that the Names denoted by ^» nnd ter are the description of contain such varieties that upon closer comparison with the previous numbers, or if better examples are available plare of it, perhaps be recognized as insignificant, while on some, only small differences or un- Exactly transmitted varieties are noted in the notes

b. As a king.

*51) BAZIAEaz AAEZANAPoV anchor.

Bf. Stern, between whose badges the inscription: -d-nn-'«

V^-t39vl-n “Jonathan, the King.” The whole thing in one

circle. ^. 3.

Hamburgers. 51 Ws) As before.

Mf. Type as before, inscription: 1-btt-n-1-*v3Vn-**

,^E. 3« Merzbacher, Berlin, Vienna etc. <) .

52) BAZIAEfiZ AAEZANAPoV Anchor in a circle. Mf. iyan )n^rp Half-opened flower. EVER. 3.

De Saulcy right. num. Jew. Plate E, No. 7 and S^].

1) See Saulcy right. num. Jew. Plate n, No. 9; Leake Nnmiamata Hei- lenica K. No. 40, who allocates these coins incorrectly.

2) Cf. Dalgado in the memorial historico-espaüiol 1851 p. XLI, plate I, no. 3. Reichardt in Egger's Vienna. Num. Monthly 1867 p. 110 no. 2.

Studies on ancient Hebrew coins. 201

* 53) Sheets.

Rf. ibtin 1Min> Palm branch. ^. 3.

Reichardt Num. chron, 1862, plate VI, no. 3, p. 270,

No. 5").

It is probably based on an easily forgivable memory problem.

error when de Saulcy (Rev. arch. 1872, p. 16) of coins

of King Alexander speaks with the name Jonathan in the

Form: 'jrü*'. Such coins have not yet been published

I came across some of the numerous royal coins.

4. Salome Alexandra 78 - 69 BC BC

^54) BAZIAIZ AAEZAN Anchor/ RF, traces? a Hebrew inscription. Star. ^. 3. Reichardt in Egger's Vienna. Num. Monthly 1867, plate 4, No. 202). The image of the obverse of this coin on the enclosed given plate no. IV, was kindly given to me by the owner tttransferredjImpression made. Mr. Reichardt's copy indicates that there are concerns about its authenticity and correctness Reading the clear inscription are not present that the Queen had coins minted with her name. The proof, that another coin (de Saulcy rech. num. Jud. Pl. IV, 13) is said to have been misread (Madden Num. chron. 1865, p. 204), is indifferent to this.

5. Jonathan (Hyrcanus) II. High Priest 78 - 40.

Types like the high priestly coins of the previous outgoing ruler.

Inscription: D-nrpn innn bnan i;rar\ inr »Jonathan the High- priests and the association of the Jews."

je. 2Vi—3.

1) »B Beiohardt in Egßer^s Vienna. Num. Monthly 1867 8. HO Plate 4, No. 1. 'l) A similar coin from de Saulcy according to Numer. Chron. 1865 6. 204 note 19 with the legend BAZIAIZ AAEEANAPAC (^ic?).

202 I>r* Arch Mersbtcber,

According to the division of the inscription, a distinction is made:

55) DH-JW 56) niW 57) .^K'^

De Saulcy Num. chron. 1871 De Saulcy right. nam. Jud. De Saulcy Num. cbron. 1871 P. 238 No. 41. Plate II, No. 5 P. 86. P. 238 No. 40.

58) •jW»'

De Saalcy Nnm. chron. 1871 p. 238 no. 40.

On the Paris copy with the same inscription (Mionnet descr, V, p. 563, No. 54) can be recognized by the paste on the edge of the back side the letters: AAEZ, which is both to BAZIAEflZ AAEZANAPOV and to BAZIAIZ AAES AN {d^ag) can be supplemented A similar copy in the Collection of the Eammerherm von Bauch in Berlin also has Traces of Greek writing, it seems to me. ^) An exem- plar in my father's collection shows next to the partial distinctive Hebrew legend the letters: ESA, ab Keet of the earlier Greek transcription. Others apparently embossed coins, the de Saulcy (Bev. num. 1864, plate XVI, No. 1 - ^5, p. 384 ff.) published, show in addition to the types of Coin described above and more or less well preserved Ten Hebrew inscription according to the previous owner — four of these copies are now in the Berliner Cabinet - Traces of Greek writing and partly one OepiVgea, which is similar to that described under No. 52 or is the same. I leave here her description after de Saulcy's Follow illustration.

1) It is not possible for me to do anything open about this example* admit.

Investigation into Old-

58a} BA£iA circle, within which saving emei» Mheren Characteristics can be seen. From the high priestly The inscription reads the letters: TVT\ - after the Figure, de Saulcy has in the text D'^n — , from the Corresponding types are parts of the wreath see.

lif. Double Fttllhom in the Pearl Krauz.

De Saulcy a. a. 0. No. 1.

bSb) |rä*^ within a laurel wreath Dl?

Officer SANA Double cornucopia in the Ferlenkanze.

De Saulcy a. a. 0. No. 2.

i»e) ZIAE ....

mV

TH*^ Parts of a laurel wreath.

£/. n^ above the Fttllhom. The whole thing in Pearl Kraoze, but he went crazy with the (second?) coinage.

De Saulcy a. a. 0. No. 3. The Hebrew letters of the reverse appear to me very doubtful according to an available impression.

*i%d) AEZA around a circle, remnant of a frubbed stamp.

In one on the one hand through the ones just mentioned Remains of unbroken laurel wreaths have the inscription:

*in'in , whose upper lines are partly also represented by the earlier characters are displaced from their correct position.

Rf. Double Fttllhom in the holiday wreath, one side of which

about« and cutKcher.

De Sattlcy a. a. 0. No. 4«

204 ^' BQ<6n Menbacher,

58«) AAE nm a partially visible circle. Inscription:

Tvn and parts of a laurel wreath.

De Sanlcy a. a. No. 5.

The letters of the Hebrew inscription are like it seems to be the case when this copy was minted by someone Coincidence, as in 58 d, crazy from their regular position been.

De Saulcy recently mentions (Numbers Chron. 187t, p. 239) two copies with bilingual inscription and the type of flower (No. 52), which are over-embossed and the high priestly legend gende: D^^nrwi nam b^än iron )Kym wear. But whether that Reading )twn'^ exactly and which types, the high priestly or royal, younger^ is not stated there.

The following one, formerly owned by Gary, also appears to be from here Coin located in Marseille belongs to the Barthelemy (möm. de Facade. of the inscr. et bell, lettres, vol. XXIV, p. 61) states:

58/) Inscription in a wreath. The content is not detailed stated.

Rf. Double cornucopia, around the same the legend: BAZi AE ÜZ AAEZANAPoV “dont on yoit”, like Barthelemy writes, “encore de traces sensitives”.

I don't know where this coin is now; much- it is easily identical to those which Levy, Jttd. coins, P. 59, note 3 describes:

“There is a coin in the coin cabinet in Marseilles (as kindly communicated to me by Count de Vogttö has been) which . . . a wreath without any inscription and on the downside: AAEIANAPoV BAZIAEfiZ with the two associated FttUhömem etc..«

Subsochongen about old Hebrew coins. 205

Beiohardt speaks (in Egger'B Vienna. Nnm. Monath. 1867^ P. 111) voi^ some copies, one of which is so stamped that one BA2EI on one part and the anchor on the other part of the double Fttllhom see; on a second copy the L^;end AAEZANAP the previously existing Hebrew Inscription reduced to three letters, while on the The half-opened flower is embossed onto the cornucopia on the back appear; A third copy shows, in addition to the ones mentioned, possible types traces of an earlier high priestly 6e^ embossed Here too, more precise information is missing, which is available in the pending dispute over the stamping of this Mttnz- would be very desirable.

With regard to some of the examples just described plans, which, as just noted, are now in the royal. Cabinet If you are in Berlin, you cannot make a very specific judgment fall. De Saulcy (Rev. num. 1864 p. 385), which used to be only These copies were available, is therefore right if he Ask which type of these over-stamped coins is the older one be, leaves in doubt. Specimens No. 58 a^^; c, e are in his opinion not crucial, and could be shown according to also believe that the types to which the Greek Legend has it that jttngei were, as those belonging to the high priest- The inscription belongs to it, of which only remains exist are. According to de Saulcy, only the copy h%dy is de- decisive for the view that specimens from the group of high priestly coins (sc. with the name "jn^l) on coins with the half-open flower (No. 52), i.e. Alexander's I., were coined.

I only had the originals in my hands for a very short time. you and was not able to make a firm judgment to form. However, recently, through repeated exposure, I have I consider the print of h%d available to me to be the I am convinced that de Saulcy's view is not correct

206 ^' iSogen Meribadi«r,

absolutely SU Tenrerfen is. The spar^ of a circle are aneh Mf the one here (Plate VI) nnler FriedUender's Anfsiobt- made a picture quite clearly and recognized that the Boeh- Bars of the Hebrew inscription are, as noted, straight on something is wrong at this point, while the symmetry is contrary to running representation of the wreath of leaves i) to the right of the Hebrew ian inscription only due to the happier presence of the Baeh- fltaben EZ or EZ seems explainable at this point. From However, with an A there are only savings that lead to sad regret I overlooked it earlier when I was drawing the specimen wnrden, vorhandra.

The decision on the type of goal-standing described The overcoating that took place on the coins is therefore likely to be remains to be seen for now, as the available information Keichardf 8 about his similar examples mentioned in passing )»lare are not sufficient to justify a final judgment.

59) 'JW'^

60)

Ina**

60 to) -jrö*»

rrjnDn

ÄfTjnsn

amViÄ

annin

(they) aarfen

ifrrn

on

(sio)an

Barthelemy a. a. 0. Plate 11,

De Sanlcy right. num.

Jew.

De Saulcy right. num. Yad.

p. 52 No. 3 «).

Tab

. II, No. 6.

A

Plate II, No. 3.

ßl) W^

61bi8)

?W

W

6lter) yror* (ftie)

^.DHI

Naito

Niron

(she) nnm

(■»n)inn

nnVtt

f\'^

D'^nn

•^m

Menbacher. *)

from Ranch.

De 8anlcy Num. chnm. 1871 P. 238. No. 39. «]

1) See above p. 199 note 2.

2) Cf. Wolde in a letter to Bayer (in the appendix sn dSBsen work de nnm. Hebrew Sam. p. XI) and ibid. plate after p. 190 no. 1.

3) The writing is not entirely clear in places, the division of the inscription However, the BBtdfliBning the Kemene are sioher. AsfliUend is, dMs the Title V-un z appears to be missing.

4) The name appears written in a similar way on one of Reichardt's coins (below No. 671.

UnteraDchungeii about old Hebrew coins. '267

6. John IX Aristobulus 11.

a. King (69-67/66 BC).

62) . AZIACaC .... anchor in a circle.

RF, . . tani"^ star. ^. il mill.

De Saulcy, Numbers Chron. 1874. P. 242. No. 47. De Saulcy adds the remains of the Hebrew legend to: l^tsn "janw^ "King John". — By the way, see the coins below zen of Alexander II and what is noted there.

b. King and High Priest 67/66—63 B.C., 56 B.C. BC and 49 BC BC

63) Flower with stem on which a flower is located on the right Chalice, a leaf on the left.

Rf. Lying palm branch; over the same IlL^^ under same ^"^^ ^. 8 mill.

De Saulcy a. a. 0. P. 240. No. 44.

64) Similar, only with the inscription divided differently; namely above the branch: ij^J™^ below ^^^^ ^. 9 million

De Saulcy a. a. 0. No. 45. According to the analogy of the older coins of Johann Hyrcan I to interpret the above inscriptions: “John the High Priest and the unification of the Jews”. De Saulcy shares it with Hyrcanus II. to, as well as coin no. 62.

7.Alexander 11. 62/60 - 57/6 BC, 55 - 52? v. BC

65) AAEZ AN . . . Anchor in a circle.

Rf. 3vn*isb. . lexadras G(adol?) around a pearl circle,

within which is an eighth-ray star. ^. 2.

208 Dr-Engen Merzbacher,

Reichardt, Nnin. ehron. 1864. P. 175. No. 1 = Egger's Vienna. Nam. Monthly 1867. P. 113. No. t. Plate 4. No. 3.

66) B.A. . . . 12Z AAEZAN A . oT otherwise as before.

Bf. tD^^.tföb:^ Aleksad.as (she?) otherwise as before.

Reichardt, Nmn. chron. a. a. 0. No. 2 = at Egger, a. a. 0. No. 2. Plate 4. No. 4.

67) ... SA . . . otherwise as before.

Respondent ...3*irDn*> “Jonathan the Priest”, otherwise as before.

EVER. 2. Reichardt, Nm. chron. a. a. 0. 176 = at Egger, a. a. 0. p. 114. Plate 4 n. 5; that's where this coin will be Hyrcan It. said ^) .

68) BAZIAEfiZ AAEZANAPoT otherwise as before.

Bf. Similar writing, but one that cannot be deciphered with certainty

the star enclosed in a circle of pearls.

EVER. 2. Berlin, Hambnrger, Merzbacher n. ö.

See Mionnet, descr. S.YIII. P. 378. No. 8 according to Neomann, Pop. et. Reg. num. vet. u. Plate HI. No. 6 and 7. p. 84; further those described above No. 62 and No. 79 and 84--86 Coins.

De Sanlcy reads on some similar copies, whose Greek inscriptions he does not specify, nsbta or "ibtain (she) or ViSin*).. (Num. chron. 1871. p. 243), however, notes cautiously, at the same time, these legends are quite pleasing to him appear doubtful (bien dontenses). Specimens of this species tung, whose Hebrew? writing could be safely deciphered

1) It's probably just poetry when Reichardt Alexander Jan- naeus referred to as Orossfather HyrkAn^s II.

Untorsiichuncdn over old-bräiache coins. 209

aaeh never happened to me until now. It is therefore also allowed The above decipherments should only be taken with caution*

69) ANAPoT otherwise as before.

Ä/l Spiu*en of a Hebrew inscription within a pearl circle around which the rest of this inscription stood should have. Lead 15mil.

De Saulcy, Numbers Chron. 1871. P. 239. No. 43. The remaining traces of the inscription are currently being read and by adopting a slight transposition as part de» Title: b'Tü )TO explained. According to the insurance, the coin is de Saulcy's has a beautiful hom-like patina. pulled and therefore real. The two of them are also with the Maccabees. Coins see frequent bulges on the edge of the coin notice.

Similar copper coins are shown below No. 74, 75, 80 - 82 and with a different type of front number 86 and 87. wrote.

8. Matthatias Antigonus Pretender 49/8 - 41 BC BC, King and high priest 40 - 37 BC BC

*70) BACIAEfiC ANTiroNoT connected to one of two laurel wreath formed by the branches, the middle of which is covered by a ribbon loop.

Bf. [Dl'^nimn nam bnan )ron n-^nr» d. h. »Matthatias the

High Priests and the Unification of the Jews”. double tes cornucopia around which the Hebrew inscription is located moves around in a serpentine line. ^. 5.

De Vogü6, Rev. num. 1860. P. 284. Note = de Saulcy, Rech

num. Jew. P. 110. No. 5. Plate V. No. 1 = Mionnet, Descr. v.

P. 563. No. 57, after whose sulfur paste the added

Illustration made with comparison from de Vogttö's

became.

Z«itichrift fttr l^omlfmUik. UI. 14

210 ^f* Bugen Merzbacher,

De Vogttö has the above reading of the Hebrew address Great this and other less well preserved copies (de Sanlcy a. a. 0. Plate V. No. 2 n. 3, Mionnet a. a. 0. No. 55, 56, 58 n. 59). It is wrong, swa Barthölemy (Hörn, de Taoad. d. bell, letter Vol. XXIV. P. 51] and after him Mion- net (Descr. VII. Plate XXIX. No. 45) on a Paris copy read plar. A precise examination of the corresponding sulfur paste revealed that instead of the supposed letters FW (i.e. M[n:]V "Year 1") to read "EV) (i.e. n\) parts the main inscription, which also includes the example shown here in the same place between the two parts of the double f&Uhoms can be seen. The difference between both copies only consist of the letter n on the Barth^lemy's copies according to the Hebrew standard, for^s Greek right-hand form is represented "E, while it is shown here in the reverse Hebrew right-handed form. seems.

The same relationship is probably also seen in Reichardt's example. plaren with K V and n V (Num. chron. 1864. p. 177, 1862. p. 270. No. 6 and in Egger's Vienna. Num. Monthly 1867. P. 115. Plate 4. No. 6 and 7) apply. Sh. Madden, Jew. coin. P. 78. Others Similar examples are in the possession of de Saulcy, im British museum, in the Berlin Mttnzkabinet and in the collection my father. The latter are not completely preserved, but confirm, as far as one can judge from them, de Vogtt's Decipherment.

*71) BACIA

60CAN. . j. . -*-■-*- ..1 «^ with a laurel wreath. TIToNoT

Bf. nn y» into n*^rm by a simple Fttllhom. ^. 4.

Delgado, Memorial historico-espafiol etc. Vol. IV. 1852. p. XX; de Saulcy, Rec. num. Jew. P. 112. Plate V. No. 6.

Untenuchiingdii about ancient Hebrew Mütiien. 211

See Bayer, nnm. Hebrew Sam. p. 183; Barthdemy Bavarian, vind. S. Vmff.; woo. a. 0. p. 52; Th. Chr. Tychsen, in Commentations Soe. Reg. Gottingensis 1793. Vol. VIII, p. 128 1); Mionnet a. a. 0. No. 60-64; de Saulcy a. a. 0. Plate V. No. 4, 5 and 7 and number chron. 1871. P. 243. No. 48. —

A similar one from Babington (Nnm. chron. 1862. p. 64. Plate n, 1) published coin is not Jewish 2).

The diacritic line above the n in the Madrid example Of course, this is based on a copy that was kindly given to me. was formed, is quite clear; also at the Vienna exam plar (Eckhel, D. N. ni, p. 430], which I myself some time ago ^u had the opportunity to check, one reads at the end of the inscription nn or *^n with the diacritical line to indicate the descending shortened phrase D'^Ttn^^n lani or nr^Ti'^ nam, so that

This is also the case with the Hebrew inscription on coins of this type can be interpreted, as with the previous number.

'*72) Traces of a Greek inscription that no longer exists is safe to read. You can still believe the letters B. Z r (such as B[A]Z[ANTI]r). Seven- poor candlestick.

Rf. Four trees (?) at equal distances from each other.

jS» 3. DeVogüi, Rev. num. 1860, p. 192. No. 2. Plate XHI, No. 8.

This is probably incorrect because of its poor condition The copy described - also the illustration repeated here is incomplete - found recently by one of de Satdcy published copy provides a fairly satisfactory explanation.

The latter is described as follows.

1) Th. Ch. Tyohsen, not to be confused with the infamous: hypercritic Ol. Gerh. Tychsen.

2) Madden, Num. chron. 1865 p. 205; Reichatdt Egger's Vienna. Nnm. Monthly 1867 p. 116.

14*

212 !>'• Sugaa M«rzba4)ber,

73) ....ZAN... (read [BA]Z AN[Ti]). The type fi of Fliebenarmen Lenehters appears by chance the embossing seems to have failed. Rf. — T^Tr\ . (read [etc. Via inDjn>nn[tt]) .

Table. EVER. 13mil].

De Saulcy, Numbers Chron. 1871. p. 244. kr. 50. De Vogttä has the four legs of the table on his example. clearly mistakenly thought to be four trees, on the specimen de Saul- cy's have two legs connected by horizontal strips^ which clearly indicates that a table is being displayed should. The explanation of the types as given by de Saulcy despite the fact that it is the only one known so far Specimens of this type are mediocrely preserved, very true Apparently, especially since the seven-branched candlestick (i.e. npidttj and the diautical table of the holy bread (i.e. D'^SBn tnbtD) also elsewhere appear as counterparts in the ornamentation of the Jews.

74) AAN ... (Ues [BAZI]AAN[Tir]) • Anchor in

Circle 1).

iZ/*. Traces of a Hebrew inscription that are not certain

is decipherable. Star. ^. 10 mill.

De Saulcy, Numbers Chron. 1871. P. 245. No. 51.

Compare above the masks of Aristotle 11th and Alexander 11th.

75) Anchor, perhaps from a now unrecognizable one Surrounded by legend.

Rf. Same as the front of No. 71. De Saulcy a. a. 0. P. 243. No. 49.

76) Flower with stem with a leaf on the right Chalice, a leaf on the left.

Rf. Lying palm branch. Hebrew inscription according to Art the one described above (No. 63 and 64), only with the Names n'^rw: instead of "[Tnn^^ JE. 8/9 mill.

1) The type is not entirely identical.

Untarsuchongdo about old HebilLische Mfinzen. 3(3

Collection of Count de Vogttö, after de Saoky a. a. 0. p. 240.

9. Indefinite Maccabean coins

princes, i)

77) BAZIAE12Z AAEEANA anchor.

Bf. Star in the pearl circle. EVER. 3.

De Sanlcy, Rec. num. Jew. P. 105. Plate IV, No. 11.

78) BASIA AAEIA indeterminate device, perhaps Anchor.

RF. Same as before. ^, 3.

De Saulcy a. a. 0. Plate IV. No. 12 2).

79) Anchor in a circle surrounded by inscriptions like BASI or BAXI AET or BAX or AE or BA . . . AoT ») .

Rf, star in pearl circle; outside the same traces of one Inscription*). JE, 2-21/2.

De Saulcy, Calc. num. Jew. p. 103. Plate IV, 2, 6-8; XX, 4 and 5.

1) This section only contains those coins that are edited elsewhere Zürn Theil, despite their imperfect legends, showed affection to certain princes were. If one considers all the varieties that occur here, wanted to write, the list could be expanded significantly, However, it is impossible to predict what benefit this would have.

2) The Mionnet ^Descr. V, p. 562 no. 49) after Sestini (Descr. p. 547) Similar coin described above with the type described under Alexander I's coins of the double cornucopia belongs - if it is Jewish at all - to the coins zen Herod the Great, who minted coins of this type Hess (Madden, Jew. coin. p. 88 ff.); because the inscription BACI AAE is probably from Sestini after his famous one Way partly imagined.

3) On some copies of Alexander I I found the name of the prince: AAEHANAoY (she) written ; one could therefore also use the above fragmented inscription Then add it if you don't have to read an A instead of A, so that you can the name of Aristotle II would have to be thought of.

4) On the back of one copy, de Saulcy reads I oVA (she), on the other other E.g. . . One would therefore have to assume that in this example clear Greek inteherifs are distributed on both sides.

214 ^'* Bow Mertbteher,

80). .ZIAEfiZ Anchor in a circle.

Rf, saving a Hebrew three-line inscription, from which rather parts of the last two lines i,^»^* ^^ ^~

are known. Lead 15 mill.

De Sanley, Numbers chron. 1871. P. 239. No. 42; cf. above No. 69.

81) Trace of a Hebrew inscription, supposedly ron, otherwise like before.

Rf. In the middle of the field the letters HP above (B)A below CA€T. EVER. 14-10 mill.

De Saulcy, Numbers Chron. 1871. P. 248. No. 58 i). The allocation of this bilingual coin to Herod the Grossen is doubtful.

82) Traces of an inscription of an indeterminate nature, of which four letters are left.

Rf. T BACI and in the middle of the field ^

^. 11/12 - 13 mill. De Saulcy, Numbers Chron. 1871. P. 248. No. 58 f. This coin is also not believed to be Herod's to be assigned to great ones.

83) Sheets as on the coins of Johann Aristobul's U. (No. 63 and 64) and those of Antigonus (No. 76).

Rf, The same type repeated. Traces of two Hebrew letters, in the field on the left Z M. 11 miU. De Saulcy, Num. 1871. P. 241. No. 46, after which

Acceptance from the Synedrium of Jews, which took place in the time of

57 - 47, defeated.

1) The similar coins that de Sanley (Reeh. nnm. Jnd. 8. 104 Ttf. IV Nos. 9 and 10) edited and determined, he points out that there is an example

plar with the Iniohrift cvru S^fonden bat, Herod d. Greats in (Nnm. chron.

1871, 8. 347). Madden (ibid. 1872 8. 7) doubts this, probably rightly so.

Cntenachnngen about Old Hebrew mfinitn. 215

84) . .MHA anchor in a circle.

Rf. Star in pearl circle. JS. 2V2.

De Saulcy, Calc. num. Jew. P. 104. Plate IV, No. 3. The inscription is according to de Saulcy zn read ANTI, whether with Right?

85) ... Alo\ . . . otherwise as before.

RF. Same as before. JS. 2%

De Sanlcy a. a. 0. Plate IV. No. 4.

86) Indistinct characters of a Greek inscription, a An anchor-like Gerilth in a circle.

RF. Same as before; only traces of a Hebrew inscription.

De Saulcy a. a. 0. Plate IV. No. 5. ' **

87) Hebrew?, unrecognizable writing in the laurel wreath. Rf. Double Fttllhom, poppy head in between. EVER. 3.

De Saulcy a. a. 0. p. 98. Plate with numbers 9 and 10. Similar specimens are now in the royal collection. in Mttnchen and in my father's ^) .

1) Other, onvollkomineii preserved specimens, such as de Sanlcy RecK. nnm. Jew. Plate m, ^r. 6 and 8; Plate XX» No. 2, do not deserve any further mention.

(Continuation follows.)

Mttnchen.

Dr. Eugen Merzbacher.

Unedited Greek monks.

(U6b«T8«tzoBg «nt the Orieehiteten.)

I

Chalds on Euboea.

Chalcis was well known, as was her neighbor Eretria of the most important Greek cities; their antiquity is thus- probably through their legendary traditions as well as through the early events of the so-called Lelantian War witnesses. But the trade of Chalcis was also very large, like that of Eretria; and both cities, as is well known, had several Golonia was sent out, the first to that part of Macedonia, which was afterwards called the Chalcidice, but Eretria to Pallene and the surrounding area of Athos. But also in Italy and Sicily were several cities of Golonia Chalcis. It is therefore strange that, by archaic Coins from Eretria are well known, there are no such coins from Chalcis gives. I hereby intend to fill this gap, by communicating four archaic coins from Chalcis, from three of which, as far as I know, are unedited, but the fourth is from Lenormant was incorrectly attributed to a Lycian city that is^).

1) See my article in the previous issue. Both items are from a others occur independently and at the same time.

A.T, Sallet.

Paul Lambros, Unfinished gift coins.

817

1) Eagle flying to the right, surrounded by a snake.

RJ, One wheel in a recessed triangle.

^. 5.

2] Eagle flying to the right. Rf. A wheel in a recessed triangle.

jR. 4V2 size 8.35.

3) Eagle flying to the right, entwined by a snake. ' Rf, AA^ between wheel spokes; the whole thing in one deep triangle.

jR. 2V2. Gr. 2.80").

4) Eagle flying to the right. Rf. A wheel in a recessed triangle.

M. 1st size 0.477.

The coin under No. 1 is in Chalcis five and twenty years ago been found years ago; I already had the drawings back then

1) F. Lenormant, Description des m^dailles et antiquittfs composant le Cabinet de M. le Baron Behr, p. 108, no. 654. Plate 1, no. 9 (and in BerUner Coin cabinet 2.72 gr.).

218 P*^ Lambrot,

absorbed by her, but unfortunately not the weight is added noted. I don't know where it's kept now. A According to information from Hm. Dr. Imhoof Blumer in Paris (Luynes) and weighs 8.50 grm. No. 2 is just- if found in Ghalcis, the location of the remaining ones but I can't specify.

The eagle with the snake is the main creature coinage of the coins of Ghalcis in later times; but also the wheel embossed on the lapel is not unrelated to the Quadriga, which is based on the Tetra- drachmon from Ghalcis occurs ^) .

I also have a copper coin from Ghalds known with a quadriga and the inscription XAA on the Hf., on the letter but with AIOKAHZ RAYSANIOY in one Olive wreaths. Apart from the characteristics of the above-described The inscription AA V that appears on No. 3 can be found on the same coins = XAA any doubt disappears that this Mttnz^i Ghalcis belong. But the X under the form V comes regularly moderately also on the oldest Euboean inscriptions.

Some didrachms of Eretria that I have weighed, had a weight of Gr. 8.18 to 8.50; therefore the answer is correct important from the didrachms described under Nos. 1 and 2 above from Ghalcis and that under No. 3 (Tetrobolone) with that of the coins of Eretria.

In 1870 I presented the previously published Mtnzen from the island of Amorgos and its three cities together, added all the unedited ones I knew and gave about a modogri^>here published under the title i^Sofiiofiata tfjg rqaovldiioqYOv twI %Cv xqiiZv avt^g niXBmvAiyiaXfjg^ Mivtäag

1) Ancient coins of ftwk citiet «od king«. 8. 65. Plate III, No. 2.

Unedlrta friMUMha IIIjiim. 219

xoi ^dxtabnji.* In the writing mentioned three Euser- Moiizens of Hinoa are described, two of which belong to Julia Paula belongs, but the third belongs to Jnlia Mamaea, but ea were At that time there were no imperial finances from any of the remaining southern countries known. Kttniich is a mask by Aegiale under Caracalla and an antonome of Arkesine, Teraohieden from the hitherto known wrote, got into my Bentz; it follows, if necessary, their description write song.

U.

Aeglale.

5) AY KA AY AN— TaNEINOC BrostbUd des Carsr

calla with laurel wreath to the right- Rf. CriAA— €fin. Baochns standing to the left; he stops

in the right hand a vase, in the left a tfayrsos. ^. 5.

6) Hinerra head to the left.

^. AP. Aries reohtahin standing on one line, welehe

should divide the soil. In the field ror the ram

a Tranbe

JB. 2.

IV. ZUiUs,

K)}Qig TOD BitbynieD.

7] UDbearded head of the king with a diadem on the right side. Rf. BAZIAEÜ-IIAHAA. Nice trophy. In the field on the left- there is a three-edged lance tip.

The name of the EOnigB Ziafilas, to whom the above mentioned written coin is mentioned in the Codices veraehiedea wrote, Zrjläg, Z^las, Ztjti.ag or Znqlag; the safe nnd The correct spelling, however, is without a doubt Zta^lag, as stated at the beginning occurs in the above coin. That's why you see these first Once a divided coin has a double meaning, both because of it of the new king, whom she introduces into the Ninmismatics, as also insofar as it serves to explain the fluctuating style of writing Find out the name from the Antors.

ZiaSlas was the son of the Bithydian king Nicomedes ans his first marriage >] with the Phrygian Ditizele, which Joking with the E Onig, he was killed by his Bollenbeisser wnrde^). Anf instigating his stepmother Etazeta from his Banished by his father, he took his guild to the king of Armenia. After the death of Nicomedes, who gave his throne to the bequeathed to his second wife's mature children, Zia61as, supported by the Galatems, returned the homeland by laying claim to the throne. The But Bitbynians, who gave the rule to their children,

1) St. hyz. under Kffljaaa. — Memnon p^. XXII near Müllei, Fngni. Hat. Ot. 111, bS7.

1) Tietiei. ChU. HI, 962 - 988. - Pln. H.N. VIII, 40.

Unttdlrto ^eohitGlie MüjiMft. ; 22 t

gave their matter to the brother of Nicomedes, the tsar's wife and his wife allied with the Heracleotians and Byzantines, who were the VaAdr had entrusted with the co-guardianship of the children upon death, they went out against the ZiaSlas; the Heracleotians drew at the meeting and received after peace was restored favorable conditions. But even after this failed Attempt and this contract, from which we are informed by the defective QueUfiH If they don't teach us in more detail, the Galatians don't stop Zia^las to be benevolently disposed; this at least illuminates it the message kept by Memnon that the Galatians ]. Maybe Zia^las is too through whose help the Paphlagonian city of Kressa became master which was taken by him, as we are told returns ^j ; According to Droysen it is the same as usual for us known as Krateia ^) . This good agreement But the confession didn't last long without us explaining the reason of the discord; it is only mentioned that Zia^las called the leaders of the Galatians as guests and followed them where he himself met his death *) ; at least this, that ZiaSlas was killed by the Galatem also testify Justinus ^) and Athenaeus ^) .

ZiaSlas did not become king of Bithynia until now completely safe; However, it was likely because we see that his son Prusias later comes to rule and that the one against the latter as well as against his father

1) Memnon a. a. 0.

2) St. Byz. a. a. 0.

3) Droysen, History of Hellenism. Second part. Hamburg 1843. 659.

4) Phylarch. frg. 32 in Müller, Fragm. Bist. Graec. I, 341.

5) XXVIl prol.

6) Deipnos. U, 18.

222 P^vl LtubTos, Unediifte greeohiMhe Münsen.

Sayings enthroning Tiboitas, the Brnd^ of ZiaSlas from another matter, his demands on Macedonia nntersupported But there was no message that nns I would have believed that ZiaSlas really came to the throne. But the motto shared here confirms this in and of itself already probable opinion and grants the excess, that Ziafilas had finally succeeded in returning. So But the assumption is also likely that ZiaSIas in the war between Selenkos and Antiochus Hierax as a btlndeter of the latter took part, which then also of the ZiaBla's daughter is said to have married ^) .

1) Droysen, History of Hellenism. Second part. p. 3Ö8.

Athens.

Paul Lambros.

prefer a previously unknown variety arsal(idisclier

Coins.

A few years ago I acquired a number of approximately 25 button dances, which despite individual differences, their belonged to a single class according to their entire habitus, which until now was still completely unknown. In general they proved themselves at first glance as Parthian coins, but they were equal not in the least similar to the previously known types of arsakid see coins; the metal was also significantly different the one we found in the Parthian copper coins live, but I couldn't determine the location; It was said that a Georgian merchant had bought it in Tiflis and brought here. Individual pieces bore legends which looked similar to the Parthian writings and where you could immediately see them easily recognized the word malka »kings; the name of the But the king remained obscure because the previously known values of the Parthian alphabet as well as the Pehlevi alphabet only those names that did not appear in the registers of the Arsacids* come.

Last year a new shipment of the same coins arrived here but this time there were over 700 pieces, which is a long way presented a larger number of varieties. Se. Exe. the state radio Subhi Pasha acquired the entire collection, thereby completing the study and the comparison of the individual varieties is made extremely easy. was terted. The legends were able to do so through the Kusanmienposition «doubles can be reliably identified in a large number; be-

224 I>r- A- ^' Mordtmazm,

What was particularly important, however, was the fact that a very large one Number of the same Greek legends continued while in the small collection that I had previously acquired, not a single one A copy with a Greek legend was available. With help I managed to add these Greek legends to the Parthian ones There are legends, at least the vast majority of them. It was also determined that these coins came from Shiraz came from, so that this circumstance also determines the determination The coins received another clue.

I will now describe the most important varieties of the same write ^ by first starting with some, which Greek legends have.

No. 1. Av. Male bust, to the left, on the head of the par- this Hehn^ on which a lying crescent; to the right of the helmet, in the field, the symbol O, and below the same an anchor. J2f». Serapis head with rays, to the right. Legend, left V and right from top: ^YQwdijg Baailevg

{s. Figure panel, section 1). A completely complete legend only comes from very few specimens because the plantain in the begel was smaller as the stamp; Namely, the C at the end of the is often missing both words, sometimes even more; on other pieces it is Beginning garbled.

#2.

A». Without change like No. 1.

J2o. Bust of Serapis, to the right, but without rays. Legend on both sides of the bust from bottom to top: JBaai-

No. 3. Ap. Bust of the king presented to the viewer; right in A crescent moon and star at the top, an anchor at the bottom.

About a previously unknown variety of Arsacid coins. 225

M9. Quae figure of an eri^er, to the right, the bc^n in the Bechtra and holding an arrow in his left hand. Legend like No. 1 {^Y)Qiidrj(g) (Ba)aiketg.

No. 4. Type complete like No. 1, but the legend backwards

to read (see Fig. 2). On many copies the name of the MUnzherm is ^YQwdati

written (see Fig. 3).

No. 5.

Ao. like No. 3; However, the anchor has a double transverse wood (see Fig. 4).

Rev. like number 3. The legend starts at the bottom right and goes around in a circle (see Figure 5) BaaiXevg 0QadTf]{g).

No. 6. Av. like No. 3, also the anchor with a simple crossbar. Bv. like No. 3; Legend left and right from bottom up, reversed: Baaile{vg) IlQadTrjlg) (see Fig. 6).

No. 7. Av, and Bv. like No. 1. Legend Baaile{vg) ÜQüatt^ (fl. Fig. 7).

No. 8. Completely like No. 7, but on Av, to the left of the face

the letters TTPA, An&ng of the name nQaavtjg. Other names appear on the coins with Greek Legends not present; the exact correspondence of the types on the coins of the two kings it is almost certain that means to conclude that they are directly related to each other followed that they were king Orodes I (r. 53 - 33 BC) and Phraates IV (born 33 BC to 3 AD) are writing.

The coins that replace the Greek legends Pehlevi*» Legends have the same habitus in every respect

Magazine for Nomi.imatlk. III. IT)

226 ^^' ^' I>* MordtmaiiD,

with the small modifications noted earlier, and it is there- It can be assumed that the names Orodee and Phraates come from the same occur. This is actually the case, however They deviate so far from the coins with Greek legends "The fact that they have both names at the same time" so that anyway one name indicates the father and the other the son. I choose the clearest and most beautiful pieces first.

No. 9. Av. like No. 3. Without legend.

Rev. Bttste with crown of rays, to the right. Legend: Halka Ferhad zak Vorod (see Fig. 8).

The first word malka needs no memory; it be- means "king" and corresponds to Baoilev's word Masks with Greek legends.

In contrast, the following word offers some striking book- rods represent ; the first letter is similar to b in Semitic Alphabets, the third letter of the Semitic h, by just the connecting line is missing. The letters d and r are the same each other, just like in the Semitic alphabets.

The third word zak connects the two names Ferhad and Vorod, and apparently means "son." In the early inscriptions second genus, sagri or sakri is the TlbUche word for “Son,” and Brugsch shares in the description of his trip Persia Th. I, p. 337. 338 some samples of the language with, which in the villages of Khalaj on Lake Urmia, as in the Near Hamadan is spoken and in what language z&g i> a boy« means. In Armenian it is similar in a similar way zawak Dgenns”, “stirps”, dzagel “arise”, dsay “kid”, “little cake”.

The legend therefore means “King Phraates, son of Orodes« .

Of the countless varieties that have come before me

{Always a previously imbekamite YAiiietat of Aisakid coins. 227

are, and all of which are more or less the same legend gnt get show, I mention only one, with the Legend: Halka Ferhad zakr Vorod (see Fig. 9}, from which shows that the old form was still on par with zakr at that time the more polished modern form zak consisted of.

No. 10. Av, same as #3.

Bv. Blasted with rays, presumably to make the collector hesitant returns, but this is not entirely clear from the barbaric work. clearly emerges.

Legend like No. 9 in both varieties, i.e. zak and zakr.

No. 11. Av. like number 3.

Rv, legend: Malka Ferhad. (Without the name of Yatenl to be added.)

No. 12. Av. To the left of the bust are the letters IVI (until sometimes I U > ) which I don't know how to explain. Rev. Malka Ferhad zakr Vorod (see Fig. 10). I don't have any coins with the name Vorod as a coin herm. zen occurred.

No. 13.

Av. like number 3.

Rev. A legend where the name of Münzherm comes from offers several modifications to different pieces, but on closer inspection they turn out to be the same identify names; The conclusion is then zak Vorod, so that this mint owner was also a son of Orodes, a brother of Phraates. You can see the legend Fig. 1 1 ; the different variants I put together Fig. 12 based on the name.

At first glance the name reads Dimitr, and

228 ^^' ^* ^' MordlaiAmi,

one could easily be versed in the Greek Kammi JfjfirjwQios (still hevteotage according to the Greek Ansepraolie ais Dimitri very often in Gebranoh) 2a sdien, if not in spite of that on display on the Greek-Parliamentary coins Philhelleniemus is no more common among the ancients than among the modern ones. If Greek names were not in use at all; in I've come across a name like this in Persian onomastics Our coin has never even existed yet. men; I just want to read it Eumtra, which is in Pehlevi a "pear" means (in Zend ormud); a king this There is no name in the Arsacid series, but there is we know about the history of the Arsacids^ The silver coins from the province of Pars give us for the time of Alexander's Deaths were almost uninterrupted until the time of the Sassanids Series of Parthian kings in this TheUe of Iran, from where neither Eastern nor European events swell contains a dying word.

No. 14.

At>. Bust of the king facing the viewer. Legend:

Kuma[tjra (see Fig. 13).

Rev. An anchor with the sun sign O above it, in one

Laurel wreaths.

No. 15.

Av. like No. 14, but without legend.

Me. An anchor; left and right the symbol u; ; on the edge

an illegible legend.

No. 16. Av. like No. 15.

Bc. Bust of a warrior with a Greek helmet, to the left.

No. 17. Af>. like No. 15.

Et. Bust, after Unks; an anchor at the back of the head. Without Legend.

About a previously unknown variety of Arsacid coins. 229

No. 18. Av. Head of the mint, to the left, with a diadem and a Type of collar or cap. Legend see Fig. 14. Others Specimens are provided by the varieties shown in Fig. 15. Whether all these varieties should represent the same name, would be difficult given the small number of clear specimens have to be decided, and even the few clear examples plare do not agree with each other. Dare only hesitantly I therefore use the name of the Münzherm Rhadamistus (Tac. Annal. L. Xn, c. 44flF.) or ^Padaf^aädtjg (that was the name of one of the bospora- niche kings).

Rev. Female bust to the left, without headgear, with simple tiara, the ends of which go down to the back of the head hang. Legend in different varieties, see Fig. 16. The majority of these legends give the three letters m s a and one could therefore easily find the well-known one in it Musa, wife of Phraates IV and mother of Phrahatakes know. In the historians the name is Thermusa, but on the coins with Greek legends there is no doubt- haft Qeäg ovqavLc^ Mavatig ßaailiaafjg; should the two or three characters, live on some examples of our coin in front of the name Musa, the Persian j>jj as a translation of Qea mean?

No. 19. Av. Like number 18, but instead of the legend in front of the face Anchor.

Bv. Like #18.

No. 20.

Av, and Rv, without legend and without anchor, otherwise like No. 18.

No. 21. Av. Bust of a bearded king with a Parthian helmet, near left ; On the right in the field there is an anchor and above that Symbol O

230 I>r* ^' ^' Mordtmtnn,

Bv. An anchor and a number nnregularly throughout the whole Area of distributed lines.

No. 22. Av. like No. 21, but on the Parthian tiara of the anchors repeated; between the back of the head and the anchor another star in the field.

No. 23. Av. bust to the left; the head decorated with a diadem and above it a crown in the shape of a rose with a stem. Bv, bust to the left, wearing a cap; right in Field an anchor.

No. 24. Like No. 23, but without the anchor on the rv,

No. 25. Same as #23 ; on Av, an anchor in front of the face. Bv. like No. 23, without anchor, but with weak spars a legend.

No. 26. Av. like No. 22, but without the star in the field. Bv. Bust to the left, with helmet; on the right the symbol A

No. 27. Av. like No. 26.

Bv. Bust to the right.

No. 28. Av. like number 3.

Bv. Eagle, looking to the left, the wings on the body

drooping. (On other specimens the wings

swinging.)

No. 29. Av. like number 3.

Bv. Eagle, facing left, wings folded, in Beak holding a wreath.

About an Irish-known variety of Areakid caps. 23t

No. 30. Av, same as #3.

Rev. Eagle facing left, with wings spread; on everyone

Side two crescents.

No. 31.

Av. Bust facing the viewer with a strong purr and Nebelbart.

Rv, bust to the left, with helmet and rays; in the field

an anchor on the right.

No. 32. Av, same as #3.

Rev. Across the whole field a number of irregular

divided lines.

No. 33. Av. like number 3.

Rc. Instead of lines there are crescents, irregularly distributed.

No. 34. Like No. 33, but the half moons in two regular ones rows.

No. 35. Like No. 33, the crescents in three regular rows, and a few more half moons on the edge.

No. 36. Av. Same as #31.

Rv, irregularly spaced lines.

No. 37. Av. Bust to the left, without diadem and headdress; right

Anchor and the symbol o Rv, like No. 36.

No. 38. Av, bust to the left with diadem and tiara. Rv, standing figure, facing left, very barbaric work; in Place two half moons on the right and two on the left.

232 ^r* A. D. Mordtmaan,

No. 39. Av. Bttste left with diadem and tiara. Rev. Standing figure, to the right, in the left a drew a bow, and in his raised right hand one Holding arrow.

No. 40. Like No. 39, but on Rv. in the field on the left another one

Crescent.

No. 41,

Like No. 40, and on Av. in the field on the right an anchor and above that is a crescent moon.

No. 42. Av. Bust to the left like No. 23; An anchor in the field on the right

and above it the symbol O Bv. Standing figure to the right, with the left standing up

supporting a lance, and in his right hand a* fruit

holding.

No. 43.

Av. like No. 3 ; on the Parthian tiara two crescents. Mv. A tiara.

No. 44. Like No. 43, and on Bv. left and right that too

Symbol O A more detailed investigation would be carried out if all small nen modifications in the legends, symbols and figures wanted to take into account, triple the number of varieties, without, however, significantly researching the authenticity of these coins. dern. As far as I know, none of them are there yet numismatic works have been discussed, and it is therefore a very lucky coincidence that immediately gave me a number of 700 up to 800 pieces were made available, so I was because of that There is no interpretation of the Greek legends at all, and because of that Parthian legends could only have insignificant doubts.

About a previously unknown variety arsakidiselier Müacea. 233

The origin of the coins is completely safe due to the location where they were found posed; The only way to have pennies as a separate coin is to have them a limited circulation, and become in such large masses only found in their homeland; So they belong in the south Persia, the actual Pars (Persis).

By the names ^Yqddfjg (Vorod) and Ogaatfjg (Ferhad) they are sufficient as Parthian or Arsacid coins stated, which is also reflected in the headdresses of the busts Direction of the same to the left, so ¥^e through those accompanying it symbols is confirmed, and how they come from the Parthian dragons men and tetradrachms are well known.

This means that the time and place of these coins is clear to you very limited space, they become even more so through the names themselves; a Phraates, son of Orodes, comes in the Parthian (coating only once before; it is, as already previously mentioned, Phraates IV, son of Orodes I, 33 BC. ear. to 3 after ear. Born The other names, Kumatra, Radamsad, Musa (or Ized Musa), are because of the small number of Copies not read securely enough, so there are more than It would be questionable to build hypotheses on this.

There is still one historical question left, which... the coins present is stimulated. That's how much we know about it Knowing the history of the Arsacids is their immediate Never rule over the actual Pars, the southern Per- sien, extends; On the other hand, they submitted to the Arsacids thrown lands in a large semicircle from the Euphrates and Tigris down to the northeast, east and southeast around the land Susiana, Persis and Earmania are hanging around. The during Coins minted in Persis during the Arsacid period also show At least the Sassanian fire altar, and only very rarely found There are symbols on them showing Parthian supremacy indicate. But the present coins certainly belong Persis and prove that at that time Persis was in a vassal

234 l^r. A. D. Hoidtmami, About a previously known Vtrietüt u.s. w.

was related to the Arbakids. It is likely that the victories of Orodes I and Phraates lY*tt over the Romans give them the means to rule over Persis to expand; but the dynastic disputes, which un* broke out indirectly after the death of Phraates IV this suzerainty relationship will soon be resolved again. Ge- We completely lack historical documents about it, but the numismatics matics offers us the means^ the history of these countries in the given time to reconstruct to some extent what I was in I plan to write another article.

Constantinople, October 1875.

Dr. A. 0. Mordtmann.

Victoriate with recessed Roma.

Tsar time when Prof. Mommsen wrote his story of the When Roman coinage was issued, Victoriate was known in-depth legend not yet. In the second volume of the ft'an- French translation of the work mentioned by the Duke of We find Blacas - purchased in 1870 by Baron F. de Witte the report of four Victoriates showing the word Roma incus. Of these four coins are located according to the note Page 224, note: 1

a copy of 3.47 6r. in the Mascarell Collection in Jaliva,

two copies of 3,li and

3.00 6r. in the National Museum to Madrid,

a copy of 2.99 gr. in the Museum Delgado ta

Madrid.

As early as 1866, when Baron d'Ailly published the second volume of his Researches published, two of these Victo- riate known, the one in the National Museum in Madrid and the others located in the Delgado Museum; he gives p. 104, 105 the Description and plate LXXX, 7 and 8 the illustrations differ significantly from each other. By depicting the Delgado's copy at d'Ailly raises the doubt Duke Blacas was interested in the deeper legend of this piece, lifted. However, I doubt that there is anything in the museum

236 M- Bahrfeldt, Victoriate with recessed boma.

Two of these Victoriate are located in Madrid; d'Ailly only leads once one, and then in the very recently published one 4. Volume of the French translation of Mommsen Work, to which plates 21 to 40 are also included, in the Explanation of these on page 28 only one such Victoriat in Located in Madrid, mentioned; as stated, it weighs 3.ii sizes, that of 3.oo Gr. is not listed. The illustration is after an imprint that Mr. Zobel gave to the Duke of Blacas sent, made. It differs significantly from the both d'AiUy'schen, and since these are those of the Madrid and the Delgado's copy must be that of Blaca's tablet XXTTT, 3 depicted may be that of the Mascarell collection in Jaliva. I am in the fortunate position of having a fourth Victoriat incuser inscription Boma, which is now in my collection* finds it possible to publish. He weighs 2.95 grams and has one Diameter of 15 - 17 mm. and is pretty well preserved. I purchased this coin in mid-October. J. in Paris from one coin dealer there, who unfortunately has no idea about their origin couldn't specify anything; because it's interesting and important it would have been to get to know the location until now these Victoriate were only found in Spain. If my copy also resembles Blaca's illustration, it is were identical to none of those previously known.

Paris in October 1875.

M. Bahrfeldt.

The coins of Abydos.

If you look at the list of coins from Abydos, like them Dr. J. Brandis in his excellent book: The coin, measure and weight in the Near East on pp. 389 and 443 - 445 If you look closely, you will soon see that all of them These coins, so different in their image and inscription, are not can belong to a city. Every Greek city had... In earlier times their own coat of arms, what, even if they were without inscriptions, their coins could be recognized, and only gradually and mostly through external circumstances prompted, several types were used at the same time.

Because at that time the full city name was Hess no longer fear a mix-up. But that already happened Darius Abydos with three images, eagle, gorgoneion and anchor, should have coined^ is hardly believable; nor that later, but before Alexander the Great, coins with him Apollo heads A and anchor and others with Apollo heads ABY and Eagles from a city should have emanated.

Rather, the three types belong to three different cities on. The eagle, except on the very oldest pieces, always the city name ABY or ABYAHNaN is attached apparently the main type of Abydos and its actual weapon pen picture.

On the other hand, it is not at all clear why the coins are included ^ the Gorgohaupte p. 389, which have no inscription, not much-

238

J.P. Six,

more Parion have been allocated, where the Grorgonrion is very the main page image remained for a long time.

At the third row, which has the coins with the anchor, often with a crab in the field, is the name of the city only indicated by an A, while the magistrate's name, where he preconamt, e.g.

So it might not be too daring to take the coins with you to move the anchor from Abydos to Ankore. The cancer would then, where it is attached, form a coin association with the indicate the neighboring town of Astakos. I carry the less burden think of sharing this encouragement since Mr. Imhoof-Blumer, with whom I discussed it, in the magazine. f. Numis matik I, p. 321 has agreed to this.

By the way, it should be noted that Brandis p. 443 is a Mask calls what is usually a Gk)rgohaupt, but sometimes a ApoUo head is seen from the front. On good copies the laurel wreath is clearly visible.

So the coins would be among the three in the following way to be distributed to cities:

Abydos.

Eagle. M/, asleep

genes square.

A/. 14.05. 0.27 gr.

Eagle head. — Dolphin.

Bf. Same. Catal.

Allier. pl. XIV, 11. —

Borrell. n. 149. Leake,

Add. p. 142.

AL. 5.98.

Parion.

Gorgohanpt. RF input beaten square.

Same. H/. Same

decorated.

3.21. 2.74. 1.6.

Ankore.

Anchor. Bf, fallen asleep genes square.

in. 4ßfUa.

Same. Ef. Four Del- phine in divided square. 3.73.

The coins of Abydos.

239

Abydos.

Gorgohanpt. RF, ABY Eagle etc. in depth th square. 5.2. 0.65.

Apollo head. BJ. ABY

Eagle. Magistrate name.

14.7. 3.31. 2.49.

Parion.

Same. RF HAPI Taurus. 2.74.

Same. Bf, ÜAPIA NON Nike.

13.59.

Artemis head. RJ. ABYAH

NQN Hagistrate name.

Eagle in a wreath.

16.62. 19.6.

Anchor.

Apollo head. RF, A anchor. Hagistrate name in the ver- deep square. 16.52.

Same. RF, same thing. 14.65.

Gorgon head. RJ. A ker. Cancer. 3.37. 2.9.

Apollo head from the front.

J^. A anchor. Cancer.

1.6.

Amsterdam.

J.P. Six.

On Greek numismatics.

m.

(Artistic writings: Syracuse, Chalgidian League. — Thracians with types of Thasus. — The alleged Locri Opnntii Epicnemidii. — MAPFIANH on one drachma Arsaces' TU. Pliraates U. - Mfinzen of the Kings Ton

Characene.)

Artist's inscriptions on Greek coins.

Some important new artist inscriptions of Greek Mttn- zen is shared with me by my friend Imhoof for publication; there But we will soon have a longer article from him about sub-Italian If I have to expect any coins, I only want the few for now Putting notes here that I found myself.

A copper coin (^. 3) from Syracuse in Berl. Museum with a female head to the left and the wheel with two dolphins and SYPA (cf. Head Plate V, 14) has in the diadem of the head from the two letters: clearly E and traces of Y, so EY, either Eukleidas or Evaenetus, probably not Eumenus. This coin is a counterpart of Raoul Boehette's only one first known Paris copper coin with artist names ; this has exactly the same types, but

A.y. Sollet, Zor Greek nomismatics. Ml

the artist name EY and

Those of fiead (plates in, > 7, 8) date back to an even earlier time set copper coins with female head and octopus are similar in style and letter format. to old ones Tetradrachms and may perhaps partly (especially No. 7, also in Berlin) may be a little older than that of the Period of Phrygillus and Evaenetus or Eukleidas belonging to Pieces with head and wheel.

On the floor strip of the back of the tetradrachms (R. Rochette plate I, 3) which has the name of Eukleidas the Hf, appears to be EYAINETO.

On a large silver coin of the Chalcidian League — two complementary copies of the same stamp, in Paris and Berlin — with XAAKIAEfiN around the lyre, from not very much beautiful older style, written in small letters in the field,

above the lyre and to the side of it" j ^ , probably TET too read. Maybe this is the beginning of a stage name; to one Value designation is hardly conceivable.

The Thracian tetradrachms with types

from Thasus.

Hf. Juvenile head of Bacchus to the right.

Rf, HPAKAEOYr rQTKPOS, in section OPAKflN. Standing Heracles.

yfl. 9. Rough work. Two copies (Fox, Prokesch) in Berlin. 16.33 and 15.25 6rm. Good silver. These coins must, if one goes by the alleged The time of its creation is questioned, with a similar tetradrachm the same area can be compared. The Dresden Museum has one already reviewed by Gary (Rois de Thrace p. 76ff.) chene and tolerably depicted, strange unicum:

E«l«icbrift for NamUmatSk. lU. 16

On Greek numismatics.

ra.

(Kfinstlerinschriftei: Syracuse, Chalcidian League. — Thracians with types Ton Thasus. — The alleged Lecri Opnntii Epicnemidii. — MAPFIANH on one drachma Arsaces' TU. Phraates u. — Mfinzen the Kings Ton

Characene.)

Artist's inscriptions on Greek coins.

Some important new artist inscriptions on Greek coins zen is shared with me by my friend Imhoof for publication; there But we will soon have a longer article from him about sub-Italian If I have to expect any coins, I only want the few for now Putting notes here that I found myself.

A copper coin (^. 3) from Syracuse in Berl. Museum with a female head to the left and the wheel with two dolphins and SYPA (cf. Head Plate V, 14) has in the diadem of the head from the two letters: clearly E and traces of Y, so EY, either Eukleidas or Evaenetus, probably not Eumenus. This coin is a counterpart of Raoul Rochette's only one first known Paris copper coin with artist names ; this has exactly the same types, but

Zux grieckiftchen numismatics. 243

S(Aii des Sadales and the Polemocratia died in 16 BC. He is followed by the young Bhescuporis, who is taken care of by the Bessi. urged, fomented by the Romans, but soon afterwards by the king Bessi “Yologeses” was killed, i. J. 1 1 v. BC (Mommsen a. a. 0. p. 156, Cary p. 65). From those in Fischer's Rome. time- tables, p. 412 compiled notes about this Thracian War or rebellion shows that it has very significant dimensions sions had accepted; Velleius ü, 98 says it: atrox in Thracia bellum ortum, omnibus one gentis natiohi- bus in arma accensis. L. Piso defeated the rebels and triumphed.

Shouldn't the* Tetradrachm of the Thracians be a certain common, momentary union of the »omnes nationes eius gentis” this year and we couldn’t do that Dresden piece with KOTYOC XAPAKTH(Pj that Cotys (IV),- t attribute to 16 BC? That both coins were very late, proves the rawness of the work and the round sigmoid colon of some, without the 3E of the even more barbaric Thracian coin for she imperiously demanded an older age. That the Thrakv the same types were coined with the dynasty they were hostile to, wouldn't be noticeable: both are purely commercial Consider pieces imitating the coins of Thasus ^) .

Of course there is nothing to prove. A Thracian community it may also have occurred in one of the earlier wars, e.g. b. in 114 BC, where Cato was killed by the Skordiskem (Galatem). was hit; The Cotys can also be another later one Be king of this name. For even later than immediately before Christ, I don't want to hold the coins. The big ones Greek silver coins made of good metal disappear in this time.

1) Dtst Vologeses, the better prince, who was also the priest of Bacchus, is hardly allowed old BeatitiguDf can be viewed; the Thasis types, Bacchua head and Hera- kles, are, as I said, probably only chosen for commercial reasons.

16*

242 A. ir. Saltot,

f^jT. Juvenile Baechus head to the right.

Rf. KOTYOC XAPAKTH^ in two vertical lines. In the Points section. Standing Heracles. ifl. 8. 16.34 &rm. Good silver.

This coin is believed to be by Gary Gotys V., the contemporary of Augnstus and Tiberius (12th century to 19 AD See Mommsen, obseryat. epigr. XVn, lively thri- ciae etc. p. 157), assigned. Certainly the piece belongs despite that missing royal title of a very late period: the very raw, barbaric work, the round sigma proves this. That the Coin with the other fairly clean (copper) coins of the late Thracian kings is not true^ is no reason to put them in one to set earlier time; But she probably likes it in another one be minted in the country than the well-crafted copper coins.

With this Goty coin the tetradrachm is now correct the Thracians agreed. Both are of raw, barbaric work, both imitate the type of late Thasian coins; only the Thracian Tetradracbmon is more precise in its after- similar to the inscription and does not have a round one, but the earlier one Sigma TL in the inscription ^) .

From a political cooperative of the Thracians is^ so a lot I know, nothing known. In any case, we have these so far- Pieces known only in two copies, only very Thracian polity that lasted for a short time, or one Nations or Y Olker connection, which is the proud the name Thracian, i.e. attributed to a war or uprising stand period. Now we find such a large Thracian war in a time when there was also a king Gotys ruled or had ruled: Gotys (IV),

1) Cf. here dM von Gertdorf mentioned similar piece from Oesima in Tbra- elen with Olavuutmv. See sheets f. Mfloifr. I, p. 101, to Henzey and Danmet, Mission aroh. en Mactfd. 1866.

On Greek numismatics. 245

Kupfenntinzen of the Opnnti^r beluupi.t, under Galba (Berlin) and Otho (Mtl^l^^ geprl^^ who sleep with the same officials:

onoY eni kaayaioy C€PAnifiNoc

and OnOY €ni ... KAAY C€PAniflNOC

and thereby introduces Mionnet's correction of Sestini's Opuntii Epicnemidii: “So only the first name of Claudius remains Serapion uncertain." A specimen from the Prokesch collection is now shows that Sestini's reading is wrong, but definitely forgivable and very little of the real legend is missing differed, of course in such a way that the few letters that were wrong are, give the Lokrians a new nickname. Anyway, it is the Parisian masks, which have the first name of Claudius mnss, another new variety. The Prokesch coin has the following types and inscriptions:

Petitioner CCPAniANOC. Female head with a wreath of grains r^chtshin, in front of it poppy head.

Rf. €ni KAA YAIOY, the latter five letters on the left, as inner circle; as external: OTTOYNTIfiN. standing- the warrior, looking to the left. ^. 4.

So instead of: OnOYN TIflN CniKAA YAIOY Sestini reads incorrectly: OnOYN TIfiN EHIKN lAlfiN.

In any case, non-existence is now achieved through our ytiqze

■ • • • »

the yereinteoi nickname Opuntii Epicnemidii on coins safe- asked, it's just a slight reading of d^s, here without first name, mentioned official Claudius Serapion with a superior €171.

The types are probably those of the silver coin: female head with wreath of grains (in front poppy head], i.e. Persephone; the B^- Armed on the reverse, as on the silver coins, Aiaci be.

244 A. ▼. Saldi,

What is strange is that the strange initial letter K0TY6C XAPAKTri(P), coinage of Cotys, in the coins of Senthes, of the Thracian king, who was not overly Greek educated, with which Xenophon described so vividly and vividly benen Raabzug made, has counterparts. Of Sethea's rare, Quite well crafted syllabic coins (Brit. Mus. and Lujnes, Satrapies plate VI) have ZEYOA KOMMA and ZEY0A APrYPION. The well-known fourth counterpart is the silver Coin from Gortyna of the Berlin collection with the declining Transcription yoQtvvog %6 nai(jLa^ so we have three verbs for “to mint coins” have: naiw^ hotttü}, xaQaaato, the first at the beginning of the 5th century or even earlier, the second around 400 BC BC, the third perhaps the last BC belonging to the 19th century.

The alleged Locri Opuntii Epicnemidii.

The question of Locri Opuntii Epicnemidü is in the Wesmt^ loans from Mionnet and Fricdlaender already done, but a A copy from the Prokesch collection deserves the final verdict which has already led to the disadvantage of the Opuntii Epicnemidii investigation still to be mentioned. Sestini (Descr. nnm. ret. p. 170) describes the following coin:

Hf. . €PAnifl. Female head with a wreath of grains, in front of it Grape and monogram from A and B.

Rf. OnOYNTIFin EHIKN. .lAlfiN armed man standing, to the left. ^. 4.

Mionnet (p. III, p. 492) presents Pellerin's original Reading a similar coin restores:

Eni nA... KAAYAIOY OnOYN

So the Opuntii Epicnemidii become simple Opvntü become. Friedlaender (Beri. 61. f. M. m., 156f.) makes two

On the Greek teliet) Nümitmatik. 247

In Mai^iana was the city of Antiochia-Cargiana. • JuBtin (XX£SI, 1, 10) says Yon denParthem: hi domesticis seditionibns Scythia polsi, solitadines between Hyrcaniam et Dahas ... et Margiano» fnrtim oocapavere. So Margiane was at the time of Arsaces VII, shortly after the brilliant reign rich in conquests Arsaces' VI Hithradates' I probably part of the Parthian Rich. We know that Arsaces VII controlled many parts of the empire his powerful father Arsaces VI lost, but to TheU conquered again (Eckhel D. N. ni, p. 526).

Similar drachmas of the same king Arsaces Vn Phra- ates n have another, not yet explained, obvious one Inscription indicating his military campaigns in the same place which is written on our drachma MApriANH: ...rOPOY CATACTPAT6IA. So it is not very clear in the print- liche Paris coin (Mher attributed to Sanatroeces and ZANATPOIK read, M. V, 653, 20) written by Lenormant read (cf. the also unclear illustration in the Trösor de Numismatique ; Bartholomaey, Mom. de St. Petersb. EL, p. 36 etc.); In any case, the second word KATACTPAT6IA seems complete sure. On the copy from the Behr collection (Lenormant, Descr. d. m6d. etc. de Mr. le Bar. Behr p. 161, No. 878). clearly ATACTPAT€.., without the yoQov^ with a round Sigma and Epsilon in contrast to the rest of the transcription. Sir Feuardent in Paris gave me his usual courtesy an exact sealing wax impression of this coin from Paris Cabinets sent.

This transcription can only be [. . . yoQOv] %a%aa%qatda »the military campaign [of . . goros]« mean, even if only the time word iia%aat(iaT€vofiai = atQ(nevofiaiy not but xaraaTQaTBla^as» atgatela seems to be known. — A second mention of the We may have the luck of war and the conquest of Margiane on our coin ; because what else would he want to become king? inscription nominative that has no grammatical relationship whatsoever

246 A ^- StMet,

HAPriANH anf a drachma Arsaces* Vn. Phraates' n.

(140 - 126 BC).

Rear head of the king with diadem to the left.

Rf. Ordinary TypoB of the seated Orttnder of the Dy* nastie. Around here: BAZIAEfiZ MErAAOY AP XAKOY OEOnATOPOS EYEPrETOY Right from top to bottom MAPFIANH. -41.4.

This drachma is among a large number the Berlin Museum through the friendly mediation of the Vice- consul Dr. Coins received from Sulina. — The mouth zen with this inscription and this bust portrait will probably be included Right to the immediate successor and son of Arsace^'V!. admitted wrote (Bartholomaey, Lenormant, Prokesdi, etc.). is new the word on the right that I MAP at first sight ri AN * Y read, but the last letter is certainly an almost complete preserved H, the dot-like O that I first thought I saw, is not available. Part of the M is uncertain, but the book stabe probably can't be TT or something else; he was, like I certainly believe an M; you can use the magnification glasse traces of the first hasta (the second is clear), yes much- easily see the top of the letter.

As for the meaning of this, it is the same as the rest of the legend It didn't take me long to write a good letter to look for: Maqyiavti is a landscape between Hyrcania and Bactriana, by Strabo, Ptolemaens and others, also by Justin much- mentioned by Kiepert (X cards, etc., plate above) as circum- give from Hyrcania; Parthyaea, Baotriana, Aria recorded.

Zui greeoUtchen Nmmismatlk. MO

the SpeoiatkeiHere of Asian history a final discovery the sound of these as unusual as they are geographical and give historically very interesting inscriptions.

Masks of the kings of Gharacene.

The history of the Charaoenian kings, zn the nns Coins provide the richest and most secure documents, is thanks to Waddington's excellent work (Mal. Num. II, p. 77 ff^) been somewhat clarified. Since then, as far as I know no more important recent finds and discoveries on this one area has been made, with the exception of some additions in the last issue of the Revue numismatique (XY, 2, 1874), where Yon A. de Longpörier coins of a new king, Obadas the time of the Antonines, will be discussed; I'm coming downstairs back to this row.

The Berlin Coin Cabinet, which used to be very poor in characenics Coins, thanks to the last two great purchases the Fox and Prokesch collections, also here significant retributions received. Our series begins with the famous one Unioum of the Prokesch Collection, modeled after the Bactrian Euthydemns worked tetradraohmon of the green ders of the dynasty of Gharacene, Hyspaosines. An excellent Also preserved and important tetradrachm of the Lucian be* We have the Tiraeus in Fox's collection.

Hf, bearded head of the king with diadem to the right.

Ä/ BACIAEfiC TIPAIDY CüThPGC EYEPrETDY; from KAI, which is usually always before the last title, Nothing can be seen, but there is one right in front of him Letter trace, as if from an A (?) . —Heracles up sitting on the rock to the left, in the right club, common type; the monogram H at the top left or similar^ below, in the section, quite clearly CMS.

248 ^' ^* Sdiei,

an Asian country diaft bectenf An Zeiehnwig of the PriLge- I don't want to think about it, even if you use the MAP riANH wanted to be the name of the city of Antioch-MargiaBa fassea.

We lack knowledge of other monuments of the Parthian rich, the possibility of such immortalizations is more fortunate Prove wars on Mlhizen or prove them with analogies za kannii; because the much later BACIACYC ONUUNHC N€IKH CAC APTABANON for the Nike on drachmas Vonones I (5-14B AD) is only half an anidogy to that “War campaign [of ...gonis]”.

Such inscriptions are commonplace on Roman coins, especially in the imperial period: the [. . . yoQov] nataatgcmtia corresponds approximately to: GALLIENVS CVH EXERCitu SVO, or PROFECTIO AVGusti, the MAPHANH: IVDAEA and other whose names of conquered peoples, which occur in large quantities, companies.

For the Arsacid coins and probably for Greek ones in general Coins but what I found is so new, so unknown<- hears; that I only use it as a guess, as a forethought Consider the interpretation of the strange inscription HAPriANH wants. But I have to note that ours - of course un- doubtfully ostentatious - coin in all parts of the inscription as clearly as completely Greek, free from all barbarisms int ; There aren't even any backward letters here, like otherwise they would be on the drachmas of this king, Arsaces Vn, occur.

So for now we are at the inscription MAPriANH a Bäthsel, which I replaced with the equally strange [. . . rOPOY] KATACTPAT6IA to get close to its possible interpretation tried.

I am in the history of the Parthian Empire and the There is not enough information about this from writers drive in order to be able to draw further conclusions and judgements. MQgen

Züx greeoUtchen Nrnmismatlk. MO

the Speoiiaikemians of Asian history a final explanation sound of the just as nnusual as geographical and give historically very interesting inscriptions.

Coins of the Kings of Gharacene.

The beloved of the Charaoenian kings, to whom we are referred Coins provide the richest and most secure documents, is thanks to Waddington's excellent work (Mal. Num. II, p. 77 ff.) been somewhat clarified. Since then, as far as I know no more important recent finds and discoveries on this one area has been made, with the exception of a few additions last issue of the Revue numismatique (XV, 2, 1874), where by A. de Longpörier coins of a new king, Obadas the time of the Antonines, will be discussed; I'm coming downstairs back to this series.

The Berlin Coin Cabinet, which used to be very poor in characenics Coins, thanks to the last two great purchases the Fox and Prokesch collections, also here significant retributions received. Our series begins with the famous one Unioum of the Prokesch Collection, modeled after the Bactrian Euthydemus worked tetradraohmon of the green ders of the dynasty of Gharacene, Hyspaosines. A preferable Well-preserved and important tetradrachm of the one from Lucian We know Tiraeus from Fox's collection.

Hf. Bearded head of the king with diadem to the right.

Bf. BACIAEfiC TIPAIDY CüThPGC EYEPrETDY; from KAI, which is usually always before the last title, Nothing can be seen, but there is one right in front of him Letter trace, as if from an A (?) . —Heracles up sitting on the rock to the left, in the right club, common type; the monogram H at the top left or similar^ below, in the section, quite clearly CNS.

250 A. ▼. 8«ii«t,

The letters of the inscriptions raw and terzogen, it It's uncertain whether you can see Z or C, and that Work is raw, the silver is still good. M.8.

This motto gives a new year of the Tiraen and proves the correctness of Waddington's assumption, that the previously known tetradrachm of the Brit. Museum with AZZ or AZZ (261 or 264 of the Seleucid era, 51 or 48 y. Chr., in the later reign of this king fidle, the nadi Lacian's report is 92 years old. Our mttnze has ZNB, 252 of the Seleucid era or 60 BC. BC The letters The year seems completely certain to me, only in the margins standing B is only half visible as P, but can only become B be supplemented; Traces of the lower arch are also visible. The king's head makes the impression on our monastery of an elderly man, so one can probably assume that Tetradrachm of the British Museum is one of the latest of this King's. However, the portraits of the Asian half- Barbarians were always very old because of their beards and rough work.

The Berlin Museum has the beautiful one from Attambelus I Tetradrachm, of low silver, with the date FTTZ, probably rather than E1TZ, 283 (285) of the Seleucidenaera, 29 (27) y. BC to the Prokesch Collection; also a second one with EpZ, 295. Both clearly have the H in Attambelus and you should jetil no longer write Attambilus, since W«ddington has written the correct one determined the form of the name.

Also B from the Prokesch collection are in the nnsrige Some parts were passed over, which apparently belonged to that king belong to which Longpörier (Bevue 1874, p. 136 - 143) according to Matching Paris copies as King “Obadas”. wrote and whose annual figures according to Longpörier HNY, ZY, HOY 458, 460, 478 (146-166 AD) can be read. According to Longpörier, the legends of the Parisian monasteries are

I

Ztair griediisebmi Nnmlsinttlk. * 251

presented in different specimens: tiAC BACIA OBAAÄZ ' 1TPATA4^€PN . . On the three copies in Berlin, which are legible, are the lying ones:

1) BACI/ 2) . . . .

ObApJI (very clear) OBAbIA (very clear)

nrAK nPAi).

At the top it says: AH^ Everything else goes out.

3) instead of nPA: HPIA

O... .

Everything else is unclear.

So EBemach is the name of the king Ob ABI (the 31st would then be an I, but not as a fractional iota, but as barbarized I) or OBAbIA; let's take b for a beta, like that of Waddington (1st c. Plate VII, No. 10) formed tetradrachm of Abinerglu, then this would remain Mderiiche form next to that which occurs in both transcriptions the correct form B is questionable. If we in Ob ABI that b and B are assumed to be confused, but in OBAbIA they are ftlr set correctly, and b = A, which it most closely resembles, explain, we might have a name 'Oßadiag. Eöhne reads OPABZ, then P would be reversed and Z would be reversed. Possible Of course this is true, but it is not affected by the other coins. confirms. Prokesh calls the king “Orabazes.” An Arta Bazes of Characene lived around 100 AD (Waddington 1st c. p. 106. Lucian mentions him), Orabazes does not seem to be known.

Of course, everything only applies to the Berlin copies, not for the Parisians; but they prove otherwise consistent with these corresponding parts of the legend as well as the exactly correct factory that all these coins belong together

1) Köhne (Berl. Bl. III, 267) reads YOA, as the year, 471. I would like but according to the analogy of the Paris mint and the coin described above No. 1 rather read TTPA.

252 A. ▼. S41«t, Zar grtQeUiolie& N^rnttniAtik.

md, to some extent at least, have com-impired legends: a- sometimes there is the same word TTPI A on fttr, which on others is TTPA . . fffy- is written, once ObABJI, once OBAbIA n.s.w.

If b is really a delta, Waddington's "abi" would neiglns", which he separates from "Adinnerglns", almost questionable, unless Waddington specifically noted the reading A (= b ] is impossible for the coin of Abinerglas, and if not this name so well through the manuscript readings of Josephus: Abinnerigos or Abennerigos (Wadd. 1. c. p. 91) would be certified. — Abinna is a town in Susiana.

What is written on one of the coins of “Obadias”- What the letter AH^ means is completely unclear. SoVte it the year i^a written in erorrupt form? Anyway Our coins are certainly not allowed to be given to any xOrabazes", as Prokesch wants, another “Qbadias” or finally one »Attribute to Obadaso. Since the inscriptions are apparently the same name fluctuate and give it in a corrupt form, must we content ourselves with looking closely at these inscriptions - say, but otherwise on better, more Greek examples." wait.

A.V. S«IM.

•I

Brandenburg bracteates.

Jaeza tob KOpeirick. — Albrecht the B&R. —Otto I

The story of the strange prince of Berlin Nadibkren city of Köpenick, from the middle of the twelfth century hundred ^ Jaczo or Jacza (John], is through the excellent Grote's essay (Mttnzstudien I, p. 385 ff.) about everything legendary stripped and reduced to a minimum of security. All we know on record is that a Dominus Jaczo next to a Dominus Boguslaus and Dominus Cazimerus, »last- tere both the then Dukes of Stettin and Demmim, in a Western Pomeranian document v. J. 1168 occur. One Chronicle of the fourteenth century reports that a Jacze dux Poloniae, uncle of Heinrich Pribislav, the city of Branden- berg was conquered in 1157, but soon returned to the market. Count Albrecht lost the bear. Everything else is Poetry and erroneous or dubious relationship to the since Mader's essay (Second attempt on bracteates, p. 71 ff.) very well-known rulers of the bracteates with the inscriptions: iacza or iaczo de copnic, iac kes (=knes, Fttrst; the k is ünot clearly on the copies I have, it has something like this shape: Y *), iakza coptnik cne.

In the Berlin museum there are, apart from seels Specimens probably attributable to Jacza

1) S.d. Fig. Vei Koehne, ZeiUchrtft f. Mfkns- n. t. w. Kund« ni, plate X, No. 4. Weidhas, Brand. Denarii Plate I, No. 14.

254 A. 1. adlet,

Denarii'), ten bracteates of this prince, all known to date gy made with the adoption of that at Uader [1. c- Plate IV, No. 76} pictured:

tACZA-D€-COPNiC* Bust portrait of the forest with long

like beard, from voro, slightly turned recfatshin, in the

Right flag, on the left patriarchal wreath. In

Field a star and two dots.

I'll get to these bracteates in more detail later. The most beautiful

This is part of the Jacza coins in the Berlin Museum

Rabe, Jaczo etc. Plate No. 4 good and at Weidhas (Plate 1, 13} nn-

Exactly shown and again different and incorrect in the text

described very rare piece from the Ädler collection '}:

IACZO>D€-COPNIC- Bust portrait of the prince in armor shirt from vom, with a long, curly beard, in the Right flag, in the left palm branch. This StUok surpasses in beauty and care of the work all other known bracteates of this prince and is ttber- hanpt one of the most beautiful bracteates of the golden age« this HUuz class.

It's not completely sharp, but it's up to it now completely unknown and also excellentB beautiful The piece is here in the collection of Mr. J. Äscher, who started the discussion with the most willing friendliness illustration permitted.

1) Dtnnenberg, ZeltsohtUt f. MQni- n.i.w. Knsda, 18H~63 (^Qnaithuid) p. 336—336.

2) EID malgei loUiUndlge* Eiemplu at Bceker, iwaih. wlteoe H. d. , UltuUlt. TkT. y, l&Oi (Uaaelbe (raicbt Jedocb from, ai you live DE,

BnndenbingtoalM BrtkMftten.

. IACZO-DE-COPNI---ENARII Unfortunately, some Bnch- Btaben not quite pronounced Biüher; I believe COP NINC-DENARII to read']; less likely would be COPNIC'DHENARII The FOrBt in the bottle- psDzershirt, bearded, from from, on the arch of one Building sitting. In the right Fatriarcfaenkreuz, in the left palm branch. In the field cross- and pnnkt- like decorations.

We also have a detailed look at this piece Hair and beard lockeo with the first coin matching image nisB of the Jacza, which is not, as Orote thinks, just a few wet ones is individualized by the beard, but even the accidental Ititeo of the hair style is repeated exactly. The shape of the inscription Im, if this Lesang stands securely, through the deviant Sohreibnsg COPINC instead of COPNIC strange, especially tibet the one that sometimes occurs on bracteates of that time Banking of the currency value: DENARII. It's called something similar MHfalhanseThe bracteate of Friedrich Barbarossa MVLEHVSIGEN SIS'DENARIU; the Goslar caps of the lawyer Walter TOD Amstedt [1135—1166] have: + WAUTTERVS • DENA RItVS-EST-lSTVVC '], Berohard of Saxony faat on his licious pieces with the standing Duke B€RNARDI'D€

1) I>uuieDb«T( contributes to me ili«s« l.eHung.

3) So, Dense ISTVVS, as in ächlumberger ateht (BisctMlM rlAllAmifiu p. 1»2).

256 A. ▼. fluttertt,

NARI and similar i), on one with the portrait: + BEN AR DVS-SVOl-EGODNHARIVS^) etc.

The beautiful coins of the Jacza are proof of the high Caltar in the land of this, at least already Christian (Grote 1st c. p. 388) Comforting slaves. The models of the bracteates of Jacza are, as is now generally recognized, the Magdeburger Brak- Teaten with Saint Mauricins; Of course the former are for Partly so artistically unique that imitation is only possible can be described as an approximate one. Jaeza's attributes, "the The palm tree, the cross, are merely the attributes of the holy Mau ricins«; let us add: the flag and the patriarchal cross. This can be proven exactly, even more specifically than Grote done, and proves the error of one for Jacza von Mader, flLr Albrecht the Bear von Stenzel expressed the view that namely these attributes follow a move by these coiners to the holy land.

Mader describes his bracteates (1st c. Taf IV, 76) as follows: gender masses: lACZA-DE* COPNIC*** »interprets the patri- archal cross above the shield on a train to Palestine? It would be reasonable to assume that (Jacza) the Count Peter's son-in-law, who took a trip there, and our coin prince is one and the same person." Ver- the same also Grote (p* 386) about this crusader Jaxa von Miechow, 1149, from a “very unreliable Polish one Chronicle of the end of the fifteenth century.

But the description of Mader's bracteates is not quite right; With their Bectification this crusade falls supposition: the patriarch's cross is not above the shield, but for the supposed shield is the one covered by the garment left arm of the prince, which, in order to show his reverence,

1) See Dannenberg in the ZMCsohr. f. Mflnz'> q. b. w. Customer 1869 — 62 (QottllMind) Plate IX, 9, 22.

2) In the royal Moseum.

BrandenborglMhe Bnkteaten. 257

wise, eo the Krens holds, just like with the holy man- ridns "the martial crown, woe betide the saint not on it just, but as a heiUgthnm, on the one with the coat covered hand" [Mader p. 53 Plate III, 41, more ordinary bracteate). The patriarchal cross is also a common one Attribute of Saint Mauricius occurring in bracteates; so we can confidently assume that the Madersche Brak- Teat of Jacza - and also the one in Mr. Ascher's collection present - contains no hint of a crusade, but merely an approximate gopie of St. Maurice the Magdeburg bracteates is, with its attributes and its reverent keeping of the sanctuary ^) .

The situation is similar with the inscription-free Frecklebener Bracteates, which from Grote (Mttnzstudien II p. 949 - 950) even for a man from Magdeburg with the depiction of the local ligen Moritz is held^), according to Stenzel (bractate find from Freckleben plate I, 9, p. 7 f.], but the bearded margrave Albrecht the bear from vom, with palm tree and simple cross, reverently touched through the coat, showing. The attitude is correctly explained by Stenzel, but his further assumptions actions that, as in a sixteenth-century painting, Lastly, the palm tree commemorates the margrave's crusade in the year 1 1 58 indicates and the cross refers to a relic that was brought along^ are obsolete.

One should never, as antiquarians often do, create a one-size-fits-all Pick out a single monument and explain it yourself: you have to have rows of related ones, in the case of coins neighboring ones, Compare stacks and you'll see the right one: Jacza and Albrecht (if it is what I believe it really is Albrecht with

1) The angels hold similarly on the magnificent bracteates that are now common from Ualberttadt the bust of Heil. Stephen.

2) The illustration on plate 34 no. 24 is not exact. The one on that is better (caMirten) ebcnfaUt with 34 signed panels: »es volume, No. 3.

ZaitMhrlft for yttmifmatik. III. 17

259 A. ▼. Stuet,

The palm and the cross are only brought about by the very * neighbor with the same attributes in the same position Saint Mauricius of Magdeburg.

A rare type of Magdeburg bractate with the holy Moritz's style is very different from everyone else's, but he's the same exactly the less artistic one of the Jacza:

Magdeburg: SC— S'MAVRICIVS Bust of the Holy leagues, unbearded, with a sword in his right hand, armored, under the arch a building, from from. Jacza: IAKZA*COPTNIK-CN€- type exactly like before, also without a beard. On the right in the field arabesque, left point. Here Jacza is beardless (as in his roughest brak- teaten with iac kes), certainly with a complete abandonment of the portrait similarity. E^ is such a complete Mauricius that K(Hine and Leitzmann even expressed the conjecture ^j , that entirely The same Magdeburg bracteates are replicas those of the Jacza, while the reverse would be more natural. But for my eye, which is perhaps not yet sufficiently trained strange and completely different factory from others Moritzpfennige lets me ask the question: it wouldn't be possible that those rare, different Moritzpfennigs from Jacza himself was coined and that he only came up with the name later exchanged the saint's with his own/ We find but such imprints are common at all times generally popular money, like the Moritzpfetinige at that time certainly were ^).

1) See Kohne, Zeitscbr. f. Müazk. I, 171. Schlamberger, Des bractdatefl d'AUemagne p. 176. — Illustration dl«8e8 Morittpfennigs Köhne, ZeltBchr. f. coin box I, Plate III, No. 6. A good example in Berlin. Mftnteab.

2) Here I would like to point out a variety of the one found in the Berlin Monseom gfosaen Magdeburg bracteates with the Eribischof Wichmann standing next to it the salvation. Draw Moritz's attention to welobam stMt of the gewSKnlioiMB SOS'

VMidmbBifftehB BnfctMtM. fftS

JodenfalU is not allowed, like Kßhne, (first since Madw Eloe SfM has provided a thorough discussion of the Jacza masks, Jacza's beardless image reflects a youthful age. the same conclusion: these coins that are already raw - the ones with the standing prince and those similar to the Horitzpfennigs - probably give a change, not a portrait, according to the model of Saint Maurice, while the bracteates with the bearded one Princes offer us an intentionally faithful image of the knäsen, in which one would like to recognize the Slavic face.

For the ScblnsB I want the picture of one of the first our hit worker, Kreiariehter Bardt {annual report. n. communication. d; historical statistics Ver. to Frankfurt a. 0. VI - VII, with illustrations from mine, plate no. I), later by Vossberg (victory of Mark Brandenb. Plate A. 2 No. 10) and Dannenherg (Wiener uDroismat. Zeitachr. II, p. 524] illustrated bracteates of Margrave Otto I of Brandenburg (1170 - 1184] with German transcription, which the Berlin MUnzkabinet acquired in 1865, until now a university:

MARCGRAV€-OTTO The standing margrave in armor,

from from, with fable and shield.

The type is also Albrecht's, like the bracteates

of Bitev, similar to the holy Manricins of Hagdebarg ■] .

It is, as Dannenberg says, the oldest bracteate, yes if

MAVRC IUI deatlirb 5CS MARCH atehl. Dtniionbvri; instruct me «llerdloga, you« the* just some tcm-impired legend iit; iii other copies have several Darble helps.

1) Also Hader I. c, plate 1]I, 05 with Gebäade and OTTO, BRANDeBVRO tit Ihnlloh the HaadaboriBi Btakteateo with MAOfiDeBVRoeNSIS.