Zeitschrift für Numismatik, vol. 1 — 1874

i{/r ma'ioM' Omphalos, around whom a

Snake curls to the right with its head held high. On the right in the field, a Pentalpha. My collection.

This coin is probably the same one that Mionnet, II, 626, 716 after Cousin^ry with the inscription RITA . . NOAOI> has described.

Supplements to Mionnet's Catalog can be found at Waddington, Revue number. 1852, p. 92, no. 1 and 2'), — v. Prokesh - East, Rev. num. 1860, p. 275, — in the Berlin papers 1863, p. 142, and in Hubert's Num. Magazine 1870, p. 262.

SKAMANDRIA IN TROAS.

1. iE 1. Gr. 0.80. — IAH. Head of the ide to the right. ^f. C.K. Grape.

My collection; illustrated plate IV no. 15.

2. iE 1%, Gr. 0.60. — Female head to the right. I(f. CKA. Grape.

H. P. Borrell, Num. Chronicle IV, 198, Brit. Mus. Gr. 1.03 and library in Paris, met with skepticism.

3rd iE 5th Gr. 7.25. — Laurel-wreathed head of Apollo to the right. i{/r ZKA. palm tree; to the right, a boar's head to the right.

My collection; depicted in m. “Cboix de monnaies grecques" plate III, 110. Brit. Mus. Gr. 8.36.

^) On memem copies of Waddington's No. 2 is under the Sobiiliiprora ooeh the PrttpoBition CTT. On another Eckhel (Num. ▼et aneod. p. 241 tab. XIV, 4) misread AIZANH. — The coin at L. Mflller, Cat. Thorwaldsen, plate II, 1556, is without a doubt a Ptolemy bromine.

140 ^ ImKoof-Blumer.

4. M 3%. Gr. 4.34. — Same head. ^f. Z-KA. Palm tree. Brit. Museum.

Which of the two cities is Skepsis or Skamandria? are attributable to Mttnzen, so long will not be with complete (any knowledge to be determined, as no similar pieces with complete more permanent inscriptions are found. In the meantime I want that Allocation according to 8kama,ndria is given preference.

It is true that the Doric form of the name JSxijipig is taken on coins: CKAYIO/V on a silver mttnze of my collection (with 3\A in the lapel), and on another but in Mionnet, II, 668, 247. This dialect form comes, however rarely occurs, and seems, like the shape of the inscription and the stream bars of the pieces in question, only one silver embossed to have been peculiar to the fifth century. The remaining silver mtnzen of skepticism, which is expressed by the straight standing Ny indicate that you are a little younger, always show Eta: ZKHYION'). Also which, according to their manufacture, their style, and their frequent occurrence, Eapfermttnzen minted over a long period of time with the well-known types of the winged seahorse and the palm tree, and finally some later bronzes with various images, have constant £KH and never CKA*). So it stays in highly unlikely to be in skepticism, after all The transformation of the a into f has been taking place there for a long time had, suddenly both dialect forms began to alternate between Kapfer- should have been printed out. On this Grande

^) See Brandis, Mflnsweseu in Vorderuieii, p. 446. — Abbfldaogeo at Mionnet, Reo. of pl. LVII, 1; Gfaoiseul-GoofBer, Voy. pitt HI, plate 67, 21, both with N on the back. This N and the 3^ of the eldest male perhaps stand for ria^ to distinguish between old and new skepticism.

*) According to Sestini, Num. vet p. 807, zwsr 2KAY... would initially be a Kapfer- Coin of the former Mos. Ainslin su read. Alone to the Beksnale Unw* Due to the carelessness of that author, this reading cannot be taken as certain. to be sought; I haven't seen it in any collection yet.

Beiir&ge rar Munikunde eto. 141

I offer to give the coins in question skepticism, and seems I think their allocation to Skamandria is far more justified be. The close relationship in which also speaks in favor of the latter the two cames “Ide^ and “Skamandria^ stand together; because the river Skaman rises from the mountain range called Ide. dros, where the same name once stood, not far from Ilion distant city had undoubtedly existed ^). New skepticism there- In all probability it will have to be transferred to the Aisepos become*); However, neither the situation of some, nor those of the other city have been determined. The possible input turn, Skamandria appears to have existed at the time of the copper mining in question Coins seem to have been too insignificant as a locality to be Being able to make claims as a former mint is certainly allowed be countered that at that era, which approximately the time of Alexander the Great, coins from Troas, Mysia, aeolis, etc. are present, which are usually only through one or two syllables suggested names of at least as much little-known or insignificant places, as after the sparse, but therefore the temporary importance of one Place of by no means exclusive traditions, Skamandria

>) rather the treaty of the cities of Ilion and Skamandria cf. Boeckb, Corp. Inscr. gr. II, p.884, no. 3597 (and IV, 8804); Cboisenl-Gonffier, Voy. pitt. II, p. 288 and III, pp. 413, 433, plate XXXVIII. dear Skamandria: Pli- nins, N.H.V, 30, 33; Steph. Byz. s.v.; Hierocles, Syneed. pp. 304, 662; further Cboiseul-Gouffier, 1st c. II, plate XVIII, and Tezier, Asie minenre 1862, p. 197, who moved the city to today's Enalköi; Leake, Asia Minor, p. 276 and Kiepert, New Atlas v. Hellas 1872, Plate IX repost it Banarbaschi, while according to them Ena^Cköi is said to be the former Neandria. Among the coins of the latter city there are also those with the Image of the grape: Mionnet, II. 667, 244 and Ghoiseul-Gouffier, 1st c. III, Plate 67, 2.

*) Concerning the location of Palais* Skepticism and Strabo's text cf. M<»dtmann, Rev. archöol. 1854, p. 767. — To what extent the coin of the Com- moduB with KHyAEQN and CKA in Mionnet, Suppl. V, 579, 503 can only be said after examining the piece.

10

142 ^* Anboef-BluiMr.

could have been then. — Just as little can the picture do Palm tree ^) on the mattnzen no. 3 and 4 serious concerns about evoke the proposed interest. This guy could just as well as different localities in a Liandes area serve as an embossing image; as e.g. B. the grazing horse in the cities of Alexan- Dreia-Troas nnd Neandreia, the one formed by three crescent moons Figure Berytis, Theba and Khoiteion, the winged seahorse Lampsakos; Skepticism and Theba, the Athena-Iliad, Ilion and Ha- maxitos.

The female head of the first two dancers is thin the inscription IAH as that of the nymph or beige deity from which the Ida Mountains get their name would have. This explanation of the picture will probably be satisfactory not missing, although, except in the case of Plutarch's mistakenly pushed beech "de fluviorum et montium nominibus*" (XITI). whose testimony one may not rely on, especially for him Trojan Ida is not affected by any Ida legend in the sense implied. is directed.

KNIDOS IN KAMEN.

1. M 3%. Gr. 6.30. —\ADIAI\A>I. Female head work chaic style, right; the whole thing in a deepened Squares.

/{/I Yorder part of a lion to the right. My collection; illustrated plate IV no. 16. The vast majority of ancient coins from Cnidos is anepigraphic; only a few varieties are marked IV\)I and KNI, and bia was now fully inscribed none have been published yet. Strange is on unerm Pieces the shape of the omicron in the inscription. The same sign C

M Except on MOnseo by .Skepsis, the Pulmbaam appears Vielfeeii aaf Tested from Antandros, Tyrins, Karystos, the islands of Delos, Joe, Siphaoa, Tenos, from some Cretan cities, etc.

Coins offered contributions. 143

However, it also appears on inscriptions from Melos, which is also Doric before, namely for the short 0 sound as a mere differentiation to the O, which latter form is also an expression of the long O-Lantes was used*). Accordingly, the inscription KNI- AION should be understood as the neuter of the adjective, just like that Coin inscriptions KniON, KAAYMNION, NIZYPION of the Knidos neighboring islands.

On the fourth panel of my Choix de monnaies grecques are Eleven Knidian silver coins are depicted, through the combination of which I mainly wanted to work on one of the rich ones old Mttnz series the development of Greek art and to illustrate embossing. In that row of Knid coins finds the new variety described above before or after No. 129 their chronological location; both pieces agree in the style of Uber- one, and both heads are covered by a Kekr}^halos, which- cher at No. 1, despite some wear on the back of the head, still «is more recognizable.

A pretty didrachm of Asia Minor footing, from the The heyday of art, the Mttnzkabinet in Vienna has:

2. M b% size. 6.89. — K-N. Head of Aphrodite with Sphendone, ear pendant and collar, left. B/1 APAOINOC under the front part of a lion, to the left; a trident in front of his head. The whole thing in recessed squares.

Contributions have been made to Knidian numismatics since Mionnet supplies: Waddington, Revue num. 1851, p. 238, Tal XII, 4, and 1863, act. X, 4; — from Prokesch-Osten, Inedita 1854 and 1859; — Leake, Num. Hell. As. Gr. p. 44, Add. p. 145 and Suppl. p. 40; — Brandis, Coinage in the Near East, p. 470ff. and 570;

See A. Kirchhoff, Griccb. Alphabet, 2nd ed. pp. 49-53 and plate I. — The form C for Pi appears on ancient Cretan inscriptions and coins and Phi, and similarly 6 for Fhi. Revue archoeol. 1863, II, p. 441; — Streber, Num. non. gr. p. 162, plate II, 5; - Rev. num. 1864, pp. 103ff and 363 ff.

lO*

X44 ^' Imboof < Blomer.

— F. Kenner, St. Florian coin collection, p. 135, plate IV, 15; also the catalogs H. P. Borrell 1852, No. 219 and 221; North Wick, No. 1123; Ivanoflf, No. 341; Whitiall 1867, no. 498 et al. ul From my collection I also list the following va- advice:

I. Dances of archaic style.

3rd M 2nd Gr. 1.80. — Female head to the right, in different deep squares.

H/l L5wen head with open throat, right. Shown in my “Choix de monn. gr.” Plate IV, 127.

4. M 2. Gr. 1.65. Same, with IW>I behind the head.

5. M 3%. Gr. 5.50. — Fraaen's head to the right, in recessed m squares.

Bf. Front part of a lion to the right. Shown a. a. 0. Plate IV, 128.

6. M 3. Gr. 6.17. — IW>I. Woman's head with KekiyphaloB, to the right; recessed square.

H/l Same as the previous one.

Pictured a. a. 0. Plate IV, 129.

7. M 3. Gr. 6.25. — Woman's head with Kekiyphalos, left- to; recessed square.

-R/T Same as the previous one.

Pictured a. a. 0. Plate IV, 130.

8. M 3. Gr. 6.20. — )

9 iR 2V G 3 10 l ^^^^^^ ^®'" TOrigen, with his head

to the right.

10. M 3%. Gr. 6.34. — Fraaen's head with diadem, to the right; recessed square.

H/l Like the previous ones. Pictured a. a. 0. Plate IV, 131.

11. M 3*/,. Gr. 6.28. — Similar to the previous one, with the lion front part to the left.

Shown a. a. 0. Plate IV, 132.

Contributions to Mflnikunde ete. J45

• • • •

n. Coins of the transitional style.

12th JR 3%. Gr. 6.20. — Woman's head with myrtle wreath, right- am; recessed square.

R/. Front part of a lion, right. Shown a. a. 0. Plate IV, 133.

13. M 3%. Gr. 6.12. — IM>I. Woman's head with diadem, rectly; recessed square.

B/l Identical stamp as Ho. 12. Shown a. a. 0. Plate IV, 134.

14. M 3%. Gr. 6.37. — Similar to the previous one, without writing.

in. Coins of the flowering period and the declining art.

15. M 3%. Gr. 5.85. — KNI. Woman's head with sphendone and collar, right; recessed square.

Bf. Like the previous one.

Similar Cat. Allier de Hauteroche, plate XVI, 23.

16. M 2%. Gr. 3.54. — Similar to the previous one, with KNI underneath the head.

17. M 2%. Gr. 3.62. — Likewise with KNIAinN. Shown in Choix de monn. large plate FV, 135.

18.M 1st Gr. 0.68. — Without inscription. woman's head, jewelry come on, right now; recessed square.

Iff. Like the previous one.

19.M 2nd Gr. 1.75. — ^lAEflN. Woman's head with diadem and earrings, right; behind it, an Astra galos.

R/. KNI under the lion's forepart, right. Shown a. a. 0. Plate IV, 136.

20. M 2%, size. 2.33. — Artemis head with Stephane, right- am; the shoulder covered with the chiton; behind the- same, bow and quiver.

R/: KNIAIflN APIZTOKAHZ. Tripod.

J46 ^* Inü^oo^-Blomer.

21. M 2%. Gr. 2.16. — Same with KNIAinN KAAAinnOZ and star above the tripod.

22nd & 2%. Gr. 2.05. — Same with MßlAIIDI. . . S0V3, without star.*

23. JR 2nd Gr. 1.35. — Franenkopf with Ohi^hanging, to the right. 2?/: KNI. riAATflN. Ox head from vom. Shown a. a. 0. Plate 137.

24. TB 2nd Gr. 1.20. — Same with KNI. APHTfiP.

25. iE 2 Vf. Gr. 2.70. — Similar to the previous one with KNI. APIZTAfOPA.

26. M 2%. Gr. 2.05. — Female head with sphendone, ear- hanged on collar, right-hand side; darttber, AAMOKPA- TIAAZ; behind the same, X.

Officer KNI. TEEAAZ. SchüTsprora; underneath, a Kente

27. ^3. Gr. 2.75. — Female head with^phendone, to the right. Officer KNI. EAECI0PßN. Schiffsprora nndKenle; right

without a star in the field.

28. M 3rd size 2.70. — Same as the previous one.

/{/: KNIAIfiN in section; KAEITO^fiN left in Fields. ShipPsprora; underneath, club.

29. M 2nd size 1.10. — Laurel-wreathed head of Apollo, right. H/: KNI under a ship's prora; darttber, innOAA.

30. M 6%. Gr. 10.02. — Artemis head to the right, with cooker and bow on the shoulder.

Bf. KNIZiinN nANTAAen(N). Dreiftiss. See Mionnet, III, 341, 228 and Leake, Num. Hell. As. Gr. p. 44 and Suppl. p. 40.

31st iE 4th Gr. 5.50. — laurel wreathed head of Apollo with curly hair, to the right.

Officer KNI. nANTAAEfi(N). Bull's head with neck, facing left. See Mionnet, UI, 341, 227.

32.M 3rd size 3.85. — Same as the previous one, with KNI^ KA0ICO.

33. EACH 9th size 13.80. — Aphrodite's head with diadem to the right.

Contributions to MOiiskuiic(e etc. J47

W^KNIiMflN KAAAI-KPATHZ. Dionysus in long Robes, standing to the left, in the right hand the Ean- tharos, in the left the Thyrsos in an oblique direction holding.

From the time of M. Anrelius. See Mionnet, Suppl. VI, 483, 234 and 486, 250. 34. M 7. Gr. 14.20. — Same as the previous one with MniA-IM)!, without a magistrate's name. See Kenner, 1. c. p. 135.

TABAI IN CARIA.

The following publications are included in Mionuet's directories to include Tabai's numismatics: Num. Chronicle II, 167; III, 99-102;. Vn, 17; VIII, 43/44; IX, 160/1; XIV, 119; — Finder and Friedländer, contribution to age Mzkde. 1851, p. 74 ff., No. 11-22, Plates I, 6 and 7; — Waddington, Revue num. 1851, p. 250; — Fox, uned. gr. coins, No. 109 and 110; — Leake, Num. Hell. As. Gr. p. 126 ff., Add. p. 153, and Suppl. p. 97; — v. Prokesch East, Rev. num. 1860, p. 275; — Brandis, Mzw. in the Near East, pp. 336, 474; — Huber's Num. Zeitschrift 1870, p. 318 (where AYT. KAI.M. etc. instead of AYT.K.M.N. is to be read); — Ms. Kenner, Mzcollection St. Florian, p. 139, plate IV, 18; — also the catalogs Th. Thomas, No. 2283, Ivanoff, No. 346; 0. Borrell 1862, No. 44 and 110; Whittall 1867, no. 526/31; Greppo, No. 1037; Per. Exereunetes 1871, No. 249, etc. Besides these posts like Here are a few more pieces from my collection, some to supplement it and correction of other descriptions, some as inedited, one Find a job.

1st iR 1st Gr. 0.65. — Female head to the right, the back head covered with a veil. Petitioner TA. Front part of a thrusting zebu, with the

Heads from, to the right. Illustrated in my “Choix de monn. grecq.^ Plate IV, 141.

]^48 ^* Imlioof - Blumer.

2. M 1%. Gr. 1.10 and 0.92. — Same as the previous one. There are other autonomous coins from Tabai with the image of

Zebu known'), prefer this Tbier comments Piinius follow- like this: “The Carian oxen in Asia are of ugly physical appearance; they have a hump over their shoulders, and their homers are as if dislocated; but for work they are Animals excellent."

3rd iE 2nd Gr. 1.95. — Head like the previous one. i{/r TA. Bow and quiver. Illustrated Plate IV. No. 17.

4th & 4V2. Gr. 2.95. — Uncovered bearded head of Heracles, to the right.

Rf. APTEMflN HAniOY AP. TABHNflN. Artemis in high-skirted dress and hunting boots left foot set back, standing to the right. Behind her quiver is visible on her shoulders; in the half She holds a burning torch in her lowered right hand, in his outstretched left hand, bow and arrow.

Shown in the "Choix de m. gr." Plate IV, 142.

5th Tue 4th Gr. 2.27. — The same head to the right.

^f, Same inscription without AP^oiv. Zeus naked, right- standing there, holding the thunderbolt in his raised right hand swinging, with an eagle on the outstretched left holding.

6. iE 3%. Gr. 3.20. — TABH-NßN. Laurel wreathed man Head of Zeus, shoulders covered with chlamys, facing right. ^f. TABH-NAN. Nemesis standing left; their rights

has caught a fold of her outer dress and is holding it- the same with her arm bent towards her head; in the lowered left, a bridle.

>) MioDDet, Suppl. VI, 545, No. 518 and 519. ') Pliraus, H. N. VIII^ 45.

Contributions to coin studies etc« |49

7. iE 4%. Gr. 5.35. — TABHNflN. Ivy wreathed Haapt of the youthful Dionysus, right bin.

Bf. KAAAIKPATHZ BPAXVAIAOV (she). Two each other

crossing Thyrses with Tänia. See Mionnet, III, 383, 468.

8. M 4%. — nAnreiN. CGBACTH. BreastWld the Plotina right bin.

Bf. TABHNX2N. Nike with wreath and palm branch right- striding towards.

9. iE 9. — AVT.KAI.M.AVP.ANTnNeiNOC. chest picture of the juvenile Garacalla with a laurel wreath, hard nic and palndamentum, right bin.

Bf. APX.APT6MIAßPOVTABHNßN. teenager Dionysus, in long robes, standing to the left, in the a bunch of grapes in his lowered right hand and a bunch of grapes in his left hand holding a thyrsos decorated with tanias. To his feet, a panther.

10. M 10. — AVTOK . K The same bust on the right- am; in the field, B in a Conti;e mark.

Officer APX. (CT.) AnOAAflNIOV; in the section: TA- BhNAN. Artemis and Men, both in highly apron- tem dress, with Phrygian cap and boots. Ar- temis, turned to the right and in the process of being with the Bechten pulls an arrow from his quiver a bow in his outstretched left hand. Men, left- standing there, holding an offering bowl and a scepter.

Cf. Mionnet, III, 385, 479, with the name Artemis doros.

11. ^3 97,. — AVTO.nO.Cen.reTAC. ChestWld of laurel-crowned Geta right bin; in the field, B in one (Jontre brand.

Bf APX. CT. AnOAAflNIOV TABHNflN. Tyche, with the Kalathos on the head, and tax ioid and cornucopia in his hands, standing on the left.

]50 ^* ImKoof - Blnmar.

NISYBOS, ISLAND NEAR KNIDOS.

1. M 3%. Gr. 2.23. -- Female Helier head with Stephane, ear hanged and hateband, right. B/. NIZYPION IMEPAIOZ. Poseidon with his naked Upper body, the head of the, Unkshin on a rock sitting, on which he rests his left hand; in the He is holding the trident. My collection; illustrated plate IV. No. 18. This extremely rare coin is already from a genuine, Significantly enlarged illustration in Haym's Thesan no. Brit I, (p. 235) Plate XXIII, B, known. Mionnet, its description T. III, 412, 101, taken from that work, does not appear to be from anyone to have had knowledge of another example of the coin. Since then has Leake, Num. Hell. Suppl. p. 161, a completely identical coin assigned to the Cretan Elyros because, although it was certainly incomplete, coming preservation of the inscription, and through the on coins The magistrate name Himewos, which occurs in Hierapytna, is used leads to mistakenly deciphering EAYPION instead of NIZYPION believed ^).

I think the picture on the main page is an Artemis head, as it appears similarly on Knidian silver coins (cf. Nos. 20-22 on p. 145/6) occurs. Traces of the quiver still appear behind to be visible on the shoulder. The Poseidon service is not only through the depiction of the god on our coin and by the types of the well-known copper coins (Poseidon head, Del- phin, trident), but also by Strabo, X, 489, and Other reports claim that the island owes its existence to Poseidon

M HiDBiehtlieb the Leake'Bchen Exemplara, which I have since used in Cam- bridge had the opportunity to see, and which in fact the inscription NIZYPION shows, it must be added, that the same thing is wrong, i.e. h. after one Originals are cast. Strangely enough, the tou Haym is located Edited coin not in the collection of the Brit Mnsenm; yeah, the Parisian one Cabinet does not contain any such.

Posts about Mfinsknnde etc. \^\

and a temple to God near the city of Ni- Syros was built.

Some time ago the following, certainly Carian, occurred to me Mttnase offered, which perhaps to Enidos, more likely but Nisyros letter is:

2. eat 3, size 3.30 (presumed). — Female head with ear hanged, right-handed. ' i{/I Poseidon bearded, with bare upper body, facing right standing, right hand supported on the trident, with his left hand the ends of his robe in front of him holding on ^). Another silver coin from Nisyros, Mitrhodian types, Millingen published it in his sylloge, plate IT, 50

TELOS ISLAND.

M 1%. Gr. 1.20. — PallaÄ head to the right. ü/: THAI. Sea crab. My collection; illustrated plate IV. No. 19.

The island of Telos has so far only been awarded a coin with value. been recognized. It is this Mionnet's T. HI, 430, 289, which differs from ours only in that it is on the Hanpt side shows a head of Zeus instead of the head of Athena. The remaining coins (with Hermes head and bow tie), which Panofka and others') have assigned Telos, of course they do not belong there- since TE and TEA cannot stand for T^Xog; are for it

M The print was completely worn out. From the faint traces I clearly remember that the name Knidos was not mentioned za, and unfortunately I didn't think of Nisyros at the time

S) Mionnet, Snppl. VI, 610, 339; — Num. Chron. 1861, p. 219. — Sestini (letL nnra. cont. IX, 8. 115, Pl. IV, 2 and 3) this little monk even has Ta- bai in Karlen attributed to which he arbitrarily, as I go through the Examination of the originals in the Hoffincbener, which are not very well preserved Hess was able to convince everyone, draw TA instead of TE on the board,

X52 ^* Imhoof - Blumer.

these KapfermttnzcbeD are nowhere near old enough, despite their blow on the downside. They probably belong later Telmessos in Lycia'), as I already wrote in my “Choix de monnaies grecques" p. 2, to plate IV, no. 154, have indicated. That in Lycia, both for silver and for copper coinage Application of the recessed square in the reverse of the coins up to which was in use at the beginning of our era, is generally knows*); and that this peculiarity of the Lycian coins even appeared under the Roman emperors, indicates the a. a. 0. Plate IV, No. 149 depicted copper coins, which, defeated in Smyma under Tiberius, later in Kragos with the Lycian types and the "Incusum".

BAALMELEK, KING OF KITION (KYPROS).

M 2nd size 2.04. — Heracles naked, standing to the right and fighting, the club in the swinging to strike right hand, and in the outstretched left the bo- holding him, rather his shoulders a lion Bf. Ht*^l^o^l^. Lion attacking a fallow deer, right- there. The whole thing in a pattern of beaded lines formed and deepened squares. My collection; illustrated plate IV. No. 20. This excellently preserved cap, for which I have chosen gtt^'s Classification in the Revue num. 1867, p. 368, (3, plate XI, 5) assumed to be different from other known ones and not rare specimens of the same genus solely because that

>) Cf. the autonomous coins of Telmessos in Pinder and Friedliader, Contribution to the old Mzkde., 1851, p. 115; Borrell, Num. Chron. X, p.87; Cat Ezereanetes 1871, No. 278.

*) The same appearance is offered by the impressions of some other local obafleas the south-western part of Asia Minor, e.g. B. Plarasa-Aphrodisias, Halikamassoe, StriitonikeiH, Kos, Rhodes, Kibyrz etc. The Mflnschea could therefore be TEA can also be attributed to the Carian Telmissos. *

Contributions to Munskunde eto. 153

The underlying animal's fur appears clearly spotted^); and this is therefore definitely referred to as a fallow deer. This deer This is still the case in Taurus and in Yorderasia in general prevailing.

POSEIDION ON KAKPATHOS.

1. ^5. Gr. 13^69. — Within one of dotted* lines shaped square two lying parallel one above the other Dolphins whose upper one is turned to the right and the lower one to the left is turned; under the last ^ a small fish to the left. In each of the top two corners of the square, a three- leafy flower.

Bf. Recessed square, divided into two by a wide band

divided into parallel rectangles. My collection. Shown on plate III. No. 19.

2nd & 5th Gr. 13.61. — Similar to the main one described above page; the square is made up of double lines, of which the inner is punctured, formed; the upper dolphin is 1st, the both below r. turned. It says in the field at the top right the inscription flOC.

/{/I Same as the previous back, with less width

Crossbar. My collection. Shown on Plate III No. 20. The first of these two coins is known: Fellows^) had

^) As I have felt since writing the above note, when visiting the Collections In Piuris, London and Holland Convinced, so it's almost up all, larger and smaller, types of this coinage, depending on their origin. posture, the spotted fur of the fallow deer more or less clear recognize like that.

*) Ooms of ancient Lyoia, 1855, pl. VIII, 5, size 18, 51. A similar one Reverse shows an archaic side silver coin from the Museum Hunter, Plate XLIX, 5, size. 10.93.

154 ^* Imkoof-Bkmar.

they Lycia, v. Prokesh-East ^) of the Rhodian city of Eameiros, and F. Lenormant*) of the island of Thera divided Dureh the Aof- writing of the other mtnze, which together with one of the beginning unwritten pieces in two copies") on one on the island Finds made in Rhodes are now forfeited. various local determinations are considered to be erroneous as a whole, whereas the three letters PIOC draw our attention to an island steer, which, strangely enough, has not yet been addressed numismatic monuments had become known.

Like y. Prokesch-Ost^ through his allocation of the anepigra- Phician coin after Kameiros correctly indicated, so shows the peculiar impact) the coins according to their reverse side those neighboring her and at times her allies or subordinates thrown islands and coastlines of Asia Minor.

We know sdbst from the topography of the island of Rhodes no place whose name refers to the clear inscription PIOC draw Hesse, and we also know little about such a person on the Rhodian and Knidian Chersonese. Therefore they remain For further investigation only the islands of Karpathos, Kasos, Telos, NisyroB and Syme remain, of which the former is alone

M Inedita 1859, plate I, 4th size. 13.64.

*) Cat Behr 1857, p. 49, pl. I, 5. The example example differs from the other towards something; Not only is little Fiaoh missing, but the two of them are missing Dolphins are turned left and right, and the entrance is somewhat confused. Bcbieden. More recently, H. de Longp^iier (Rev. nnm. 1869, 8. 158) Lenonnant*B doubtful allocation of the coin to Thera and At the same time also spoke the corner flowers of the main page Q. c. p. 161, note)

*) The second copy, whose reverse side alone, if I'm not mistaken, comes from a different stamp, see the aa Seltea- heitea rich collection of my friend Fcid. Bompois in Neven.

«) Since then BorrelUNun. Chron. IX, 172) the silver mtecs with the LOwea Heads of the city of Knidos agreed and LJndos restituted beg, keaat nMn with this impact only Mflazen from Kameiros and lindes. From There is a Venelchniss with Citatoa togldtefees at 88,479 md 480 of the “Minting in the Near East” by Brandls.

Contribution «me Ifütttkua^e ete. J55

their capital IIo(fst6$ov 7v63ug.) guaranteed by Ptolemy '). dta met requirements, and Ewas in very satisfactory Wdse, corresponds

What is historical and geographical about the Karpathos island can be said to be found, except in the by Pape and Benseier (dictionary of Greek proper names 1863, 8. 627) quotes from the old writers, in Bon- delmonte's on insularum, in Dapper's Descr. des isles de T Ar- chipel, 1703, p. 171-174, in S. F. W. Hoffinann's Greece and the Greeks, 1841, ü, p. 1383, in Ludw. Boss's legs up dm Greek Islands, 1845, UI, 8. 50, with map, in A. Forbiger's Handbook of ancient geography, 1848, III, 8. 1138, in L. La- croix' Isles de la Grice, 1853, p. 196, in the Bevue arch^olo- gique, 1863, H, p. 469 - 495 “ün dicret des Biycountiens^ par C. Wescher^ in U. Köhler's documents and studies on business of the Delish-Attic League (the Attic tribute lists) Baiin, 1869, 8. 184 - 193, in Kiepert's preliminary report on the new one Atlas of Hellas, 1872, p. 5, Col. 1, etc. - Excellent it Ludw. Boss's reports, and the Attica^ tribute lists, which, neither used by Forbiger nor Lacroix, antiquarian and provide topographical interest. The benefits to be gained from this However, results have not yet shown anything with certainty Strabo, 489, 17, mentioned Carpathian xBxqanoJuq to produce. Until a few decades ago there were only two of these names, Poseidion (see note 1) and Nisyros (Strabo, 1st c.) knows, and the location of the last city is even now unknown remained in place. Boss (1. c. 8. 63) wondered whether the same would be to look for in the Buinen, which are on the, from the The northern tip of the main island is crossed by a narrow arm of the sea. separated islands, now called Saria. This suggestion but loses any right to be taken into account since Kie-

^ Ploleiii. Osögr. 5, 2; Kiepert, Kener Atlas by Hsllas, 1872, plate VIII and XIV. Rome, luselreisen, III, 8. M and 63. It is called iiech f» maiv.

156 ^* Imboof-Blumer.

pert ') to the editors of the Attic tribute lists; Boeckb, Ban there and charcoal burners, who remained unrecognized, Sdqtot with the former Inhabitants of the current island of Sana, its original name without a doubt Sdqoq was identified'). Kisyros remains thereafter really on the main island of Earpathos to look for, and there woU Nobody believes in Strabo's unequivocal statement that this city is not with the Nisyrian island further north near Kos. change, raise doubts, not every hope is like that disappeared that later researchers would succeed in discovering the old one Nisyros in the northern half of the island, or in the Stlden lay plain Aphiartis to discover which two areas Boss was prevented from traveling personally.

Strikingly, neither Nisyros') nor Po- seidion in the Attic tribute lists; on the other hand, they are the same the following new city and population names from Karpathos take from:

1. Kaqiux&Uüv *AQx4ff$ta, Kaqnd^av ^AqutitSiSBHx^) or ^Aofut- ff€ta (Köhler, 1st c. p. 38, 41, 57/58 etc.) Once, p. 60, EI, 11, Köhler believes to read l^Qxealyfi; but are at the relevant one Just put three letters, . . . o*v . . left over and what's more they have no connection with place names, which which would suggest the Carpathian Arkeseia. That's why I think no valid reason whatsoever, the form here is unlikely to put Arkesine in place of the one guaranteed by Arkeseia, and even draw them on maps, like Boss, p. 62, and

^) Remarks on the Geogr. of Ancient Greece, 1871, p. 18 and New atlas by HeUas, 1872, plates II and III.

*) In Fragment No. 10 in Köhler, 1st c. P. 83, follow immediately at the beginning the Sarians, the Carpathians and the Kasians.

*) The NicvQMt, which appears once in the tribute beginnings men, seem to be always referring to the inhabitants of the island of NiByros near Koscu. pull,

^) The doubling of the sigma can be found in the same inscriptions aaeh once in the name Astypalaia {'ji00wtmaXa$^f); KOhler, L o. p. 18i.

Contributions to Münsknnde etc. X57

Kiepert, plates TL, TU and VUI done. Arkeseia is today's Aqxdaaay where KoBB; pp. 51 - 54; still some remains of the old ones found the city. Rangab^ (Antiquit^s hell^niques I, p. 290) wants in the form KaQnä&ov ^^Qxitfeta a word, i.e. h. a complete one see city names; Köhler, on the other hand, is of the opinion on p. 184 that Arkeseia was a place that was part of the territory of a city Kar- pathos belonged, but particularly controlled.

2. B^xowTMt (Köhler pp. 181 and 182), the i&ytxov of Bgvxoigj a city whose early existence Wescher 1. c. after- has shown. Kiepert, plate VIII, certainly has it right Place of today's BovQyowfta, according to Ross, III, p. 62 and 64.

3. Etsaxa^Ttcid'toi ix Kaqnd&oVy (Köhler, p. 185) and

4. Kaqnd&Mis (Köhler p. 187). On this last name there is also the id^ixov of, which is attested by grave inscriptions KaQna&toTwUt^g^), which has a city name KccQTta&mwXkq assumes.

These names of members of the Delian - Attic League on Karpathos, if they could also apply to city names, would in and of themselves be a Carpathian tetrapolis, as in V. century BC BC could have existed. Off However, they come from this period, or from even earlier just the coins that I allocate to the city of Poseidion, and It must therefore rightly be noticed that a place whose early existence has been established, and which still exists today under the The human-derived form of the name Iloüiv lives on - that this place does not appears among the tributary allies.

I now believe that other ways out are open to us the actual city names of the island based on the available material to determine than those of Bangabi, Boeckh and Köhler with un- satisfactory results suggested. First and foremost should you don't necessarily have to stick to a "Tetrapolis". car-

I) Bo88, 1. c. m, p. 66, Aum. 13. Köhler, p. 187, where further quotes.

11

J58 ^* Iml&oof - Blnmer.

This may have been pathos for a long time; just as good as later Skylax only knew Karpathos avt^ TQlTwX&g, it's that easy to think- cash, and with the majority of now well-known names even true- apparently that Earpathos gate of the time of his dependence on Rhodes numbered five or six cities.

Rangab6 (Ant. Hell. I, p. 290 and 296) to which the Bfv xovvTOi had still remained unknown, Uess tacitly Po- Seidion fell out of consideration, and thus received one from Kisyros, Arkeseia, Earpathos and Eteokarpathos existing tetrapolis. — Boeckh (State Budget II) kept the last two names identical, and replaced Eteokarpathos with Poseidion. — Kohler finally (p. 187), which is based on a fragment of an inscription (No. 6, p. 81) convincingly proves that Kaqnd&av *A((KitfHa, the Koq- Tfsd^toi and the ^Ersoxafftd^toi do not identify with each other because on that fragment all three are described at the same time. It is assumed that Arkeseia and Eteokarpar figure in a special controlling manner thos were just Qaoen dependent on the city of Earpathos. beings, and lists Poseidion, Nisyros, Brykus and Earpathos as Vierstadt.

Now that I have expressed my opinion, the statement Strabo's is not so external that it can be used for every previous historical On the other hand, I would like to say that the period is absolutely valid just as little from the outset as all the well-known ones that came to the island Inhabitants of Earpathos refer to the name Sound of the same name derive from cities. According to my advice, Eteokarpathos is filling as a place name, and were in the Yth century BC. little- There are at least five towns on the island.

All those who compiled the Attic tribute lists agree with this agree that the Kafnd&io& are not considered residents of the island, but but as such a city of the same name, which is also Earpa- thiopolis meant being on the aasen. That this city is the oldest was the residence of the Dorian immigrants is already desa- because very likely because it bears the name of the island, and because from the definition ^EtsaMofm&iOi & Kaipw9m$ clear

Contributions to municology etc. ]59

It seems to emerge that these so-called Urcarpathians in Consequence of some historical event, such as B. a foreign the immigration, their city Earpathos voluntarily or forced had left to focus on one or more other points to resettle on the island. Now I'm thinking Earpathos is up the Sokastron cliff, which is covered with impressive ruins on the west coast of the island, right in the middle between Arke- sda and Biykus') lies to look for (Ross, m, p. 62/63), and the emigrated Old Carpathians would have settled in one of Earpathos As far away as possible on the island, preferably in the flat areas southeastern parts of the same, and since the cities of Po- Seidion and Kisyros founded for the latter could perhaps the ruins of today's castellon, just east of Posin located in the Aphiartis (Ross, p. 65). — Off In such circumstances it would then be easy to explain that the Eteocarpathians, whether inhabiting one or more localities, retained their original appearance, and with this Eol- lective names^) were included in the tribute lists. Should But it also turns out that Nisyros is not a municipality was an Old Carpathian'), this circumstance does not mean that away from the fact that the inhabitants of Poseidion, in the traditional way Opposites to those of the city of Earpathos, preferably Eteocarpathians and were called that for a long time. This political distinction between Earpathiem and Ur- karpathiem also contributes to the position and importance of Ar- keseia's to specify which place I am not, like Eöhler, as would like to see a district of the city of Earpathos. The

1) Wescher is certainly wrong in considering Brykus and Karpathos to be identical.

*) See KOhler, 1. c. P. 122/23, But the collective names and terms.

') Nisyros may possibly be in the interior of the northern half of the Located on an island, and as an inland city, they paid no tribute. It might but it can also be assumed that, especially as an inland city, it has no ge* wanted to have company with the new residents of Earpathos, and himself therefore belonged to the eteocarpathias.

11*

160 P* Imhoof-Bkmer.

Addition Kaqna&Uav or KaQnd&ov from which the name Aq- xiifsta is always accompanied, and that on fragment 6 is not there either missing; where at the same time the Earpathians and the Eteocarpathians with their Tax rates are recorded - this addition obviously suggests on Arkeseia's intimate political relations with Earpathos towards, in contrast to the EteocarpathiansU; which on the same Lists appear. — Perhaps Arkeseia was a founding of the colony established in Karpathos, which was the Eteocarpathians had left, or it may have just been colonized from there to be; But this much seems certain that Arkeseia in close relationships connections to the New Carpathians, and a not unimportant current city, this both from its tribute quota of 1000 dragons men, as from their remains and their almost unchanged living old names.

From the previous considerations, those at least has as much probability as the ones suggested by me- Conjectures made by predecessors finally seem to come with it It is almost certain that at the time of autonomy the island, in the fifth century BC. BC, five important towns on Karpathos, namely Brykus, Karpathos, Arkeseia, Poseidion and Nisyros, of which the three are steren by inscriptions, the latter two by Ptolemy and Strabo, and Poseidion in particular through numismatics Monuments are guaranteed^).

“In ancient times, Karpathos was a not unimportant island, as the four number of their cities, and as the circumstance testifies that they lent their name to a wide stretch of sea. First of Cretans under Minos, then occupied by Argive Doriem (Diod V, 54),

1) If FoBeidion had really been the seat of the Eteocarpathians, 80 could also be attributed to the fact that only this city was known as Qeld seems to have been conjectured that the Proto-Carpathians already had in relative terms The west coast of the island was abandoned in the past, and its Seibai stability for a long time with success in their new residences on the Ott- kfiste claims.

Posts txu Mflnikimde etc. \Q\

it remains a Doric country at all times, even today the dialect of its inhabitants abounds, such as that of the Kasiers and Rhodians, of notable Dorismen. At the time of the Doric period We find the Carpathians in the wake of the then powerful tigen island of Kos (Iliad II, 676); later the government took over Rhodes about. Karpathos never seems to be fully independent. to have sat, otherwise it would have to be autonomous coins from give her; But here, as on Kasos, I found almost only Rhodian Coins. However, this question can only be decided If a late traveler manages to find more and more important information here more inscriptions can be found. In one of the ones I found, as in two other Rhodian, the name Kaqna&iono comes from- • Ikag, which I don't know what it refers to." So wrote Ross, 1st c. P. 65, after reading the chorography of Little-known island, partly from my own experience, partly after inquiries have been made, discussed in as much detail as possible had.

To solve the question of autonomy that Ross asked himself, now provides the discovery of coin no. 2 the most essential contribution; because we have to find the actual proof in this see that Poseidion minted autonomous large silver, and as in the factory of the coins and the hammering of their sweeps sides can be clearly seen, at the same time as the also Doric, ancient cities of the island of Rhodes, and after the same small- Asian coin feet such as Jalysos and Lindos. How then from These two cities and Cameiros had no silver money from later times Time as the 5th century BC BC, and no copper coins are known, such pieces of numismatics are also missing. matik Poseidion's, which once again clearly points to what we have in common Fate of the previously autonomous and powerful cities of the neighboring Doric islands of Rhodes and Carpathos After the construction of the city of Rhodes, 408 BC. BC and through their extraordinarily rapid and brilliant upswing Power and prestige, those cities sank into a subordinate position

162 ^' Imhoof-BlniiMr.

position from which they can never regain their independence able to raise.

Rather the coins themselves there is little more to say. The types consist of dolphins, one of the most common attractions bute that deity; which gave the mint its name Po- seidion owes. The inscription is undoubtedly nO^, and not nOA, as one might be tempted to read at first glance. The supposed lambda is certainly just one of the corner flowers of the square; whose middle leaflet is not sharply defined The sigmoid colon in a downwardly inclined position between that flower and the tail fin of the upper fish, stands like the first two Letters in very finely cut script there, with their features the thick lines of the corner flower have no resemblance.

Finally, I would like to mention the anepigraphic coins, which in Fellow's Coins of anc. Lycia, pl. VIII, 6 and 7 (Gr. 5.71 and 5.44) are shown. These pieces could also be according to Po- seidion belong, with which assumption the Aeginean coin the basis of the pieces would not be essentially contradictory; because The Rhodian cities also had different systems minted, and Kameiros z. B. only after that of Aegina's 0-

1) See Brandis, Mfinzwesen in Vorderasia, pp. 479/480. Winterthur.

Ms. Imhoof-Biumer.

Thradian and Macedonian coins.

SARATOKOS, THRACIAN DYNAST.

IjadalT^e') has a small syllable dance with the usual ones Types Ton Thasus: kneeling, bearded satyr on the left with gan- tbams. Letter Diota, published ^ which on the back instead of the Address OAZIßN bears the legend ZAPATO, and explained this for the name of an official who is at the head of the state the Thasians confessed. Baoul-Rochette^) looks right in this Transcription of the name of a dynast who, like Sparadocus and others. ruled in those Qegenden and, like the latter with Olynthian, 80 with Thasian types, perhaps in Thasus itself Baonl-Rochette considers ZAPATO to be the genitive of Saratos. Now but a coin has been published which most certainly apparently the full name of this chief or dynast Genitive gives and at the same time proves that a whole series of others coins previously given to various cities in Thrace should belong to the same prince. Postolakas') forms the following the following coin:

Youthful head with long hair to the right.

Letter ^ ZAPATOKO. SL 1%. 0.995 grm.

Becuefl de möd. large plate 1, 14 p. 29.

*) Lettre k Mr. Grotefend etc. (Nouv. Annales 1836) p. 138.

*) KantL t. oq/^ vo^a. Athens 1872 No. 1097.

134 A.T. Sallet.

and gives it to Madytus or Madis because of the monogram in the Chersonesus Tfaracica. But if you look at it in conjunction with the discussed small silver coin with Thasisfaen types the following pieces:

1. Youthful head with long hair to the right.

Rf. ZAP grape in square nm incusum. & 1%.

Postolakas 1st c. No. 1036, 0.997. Grm. Cadalvfene I, 6. Prokesch, Inedita 1859 p. 4, Enos site.

2. Likewise, but ZA.

Si 1%. Berlin Museum, 0.78 grm. (a little off- used) which one with the former coin with ZAPATOKO definitely show the same head, it is most likely that that this entire series of coins is not named after Serdica, Maronea or Ses- tus heard, as one assumed, but, just like that Thasian coin, the otherwise historically unknown dynast Saratokos, who, like the style of the coins and the shape of the Na* mens proves that he must have ruled in Thrace. of the good, According to a somewhat ancient coin factory, this dy- almost around the year 400 BC. BC. The weight all of these coins are correct; Gadal has the one with Thasian types yfene not weighed, similar ones with OAZiAN weigh 0.88, 0.75 grm. The monogram or symbol on the coin with ZAPATOKO is impossible to interpret, I don't think there is a city name in it is included

Also in the BEPRAlOY on coins with Thasian types: Kneeling bearded satyr to the right, a female figure

carrying. B/. BEPrAlOY by a quadrupled square nm in- cusum, the whole thing also in a recessed square.

Paris. Prokesh. Berlin, 3.41 grm. is probably not a city name, but also one in time and place the Thracian (Thasiseher?J dynast) neighboring Saratokos recognize, as Raoul - Rochette already suspected. Prokesch

Thracian and Macedonian mills. Xß5

Osten*) reads BEPrAlON on his copy and gives it it is accordingly based on the place B^^^ known from writers in Macedonia, since fiaoul Rochette's copy as well as the more recent ding clearly BEPrAiOY purchased from the Berlin Coin Cabinet have, I suspect that Prokesch's too, perhaps not a very clear copy had this inscription. Also The cap of Bergaeus is of good style, as usual the similar ones (Thasian) and the smaller ones with 0AZIX1N Coins marked with the kneeling Ss^ are sometimes true They are marvels of the most delicate craftsmanship.

Since Raoul-Rochette, who has the credit, first the Coins of the Thracian dynasts were correctly recognized as such are also the well-known copper coins with the head of Bacchus lif. Diota KETPinOPIOE, from Waddington') a Thracian was assigned to dynast Ketriporis.

ACANTHUS.

The large silver coins from Acanthus in Ghalcidice with the admirable animal group of the bull or boar Prostrating lions have always been considered one of the most beautiful and Series important for the art development of Northern Greece particularly appreciated. This will make the coins even more worth the fact that what is not always the case with Greek autonomous coins occurs too often, a certain dating of some pieces is possible is The Tetradrachms of Acanthus, first without a city name, then with abbreviated inscription, AKAN, on the main page (Paris), finally with the full inscription AKAN0ION on the Back have pure Attic weight'), the later ones with AKAN-

1) iDedita etc. Vienna, 1854. The illustration has PEPrAlON. *) Mölanges de nnmism. II, 23 f.

*) The series given by Brandis (Münzwesen p. 532) weighs 16.4 to 17.54. The ones with AKANeiON 15.85 and 16.4.

166 '^« T.Sdlet

OION on the back but a smaller one^). Certainly depends Changing the monetary situation with the political conditions of the city that was dependent on Athens until 424 and that is probably why it was minted in Attic Foss, in the year 424 but fell away from Athens') and thus got their coin fox. may have changed. The style of these coins of the new foot is completely true at the given time, it shows Here, as everywhere in Greece, the rapid transition from old age thümUchen for the strict but superbly completed style These later coins also appear first with abbreviated and spelled out magistrate names'); AAEEIZ is particularly common or, in the genitive, AAEEIOZ. A chronological separation of these later coins without official names from the others Came inscriptions are hardly possible; the most beautiful, certainly Stamps belonging to the time of the Peloponnesian War, The one I have (Gew. 14,15) does not show a magistrate's name. The inscription on the back page is stamped after 424 Coins AKAN0ION. On a copy of Lujnes'schen Collection with AAEZIZ says AKANGIGN^), on a copy plar of the Berlin Museum with the same official name AKA- NOION. It is hardly conceivable that at that time in Macedonia the form O fttr O was used, it was already the same Form O for ^ and o makes this unlikely. It may well There is only one error in the Luynes coin as well as in the Berlin coin be the stamp cutter, both inscriptions would be regular AKANOION. — However, this is only one Conjecture, without any claim to certainty, as is well known the acceptance of stamp errors on good, old autonomous stamps is always very unfortunate

») 14-14.43. «) Thuc. IV, 84.

*) Individual letters, e.g. B. 6 can already be found in the Mfimen attic weight

*) Luynes, ehoiz de möd. large plate IX, 9.

ThraoiBche nnd maeedoniache Mlbuen, Jg7

Finder first noticed the passage in Herodotus. makes, which of the lions and wild bulls, .which found near Acanthns, tells^). The mythological ones Show the beautiful group of lion') and bull or boar seem wrong to me and hardly correspond to the spirit of the old ones Art

On a coin with AAEZIE') is under the combined A flying horsefly is depicted on the falling bull, apparently not one accompaniment, but a small, graceful completion of the Group, similar to the one on the Gortyna monuments next to the Zeus bull the gadfly that torments him appears and as on the Stooping the looking bull of Sybaris on a self- A grasshopper sits on the Didrachmon.

The appearance of the large silver coins from Acanthus seems to have stopped very early and certainly only for a very short time new independence to have been continued, because all of these Coins have a much more ancient appearance than the mints of King Archelaus of Macedonia and aged 424 until at least the first period of the reign of Archelaus fall.

CHALCIDICE (OLYNTHUS).

Ef. Head of Apollo with laurel wreath to the right, below OAYNO.

Letter XAAKI^EAN Lyra; the whole thing in a recessed four- eck. & 2% wt. 2.3&.

This was first published by Gadalvine^) and is now also published in the liner Museum and the silver coins located in the British Museum

1) Finder, nnmism. antique ined. p. 20. Her. VII, 124. >) The Parisian coin Mionn. S. lU. TaClIII, 5, which lived in the Seen on the hip band, it represents a lioness. The animal is completely without mien. *) Most recently owned by Mr. H. HofGoMuin in Paris. «) Reeaeil etc. Plate I No. 28, p. 72.

16g A. T. Sftllet.

one would be more mistaken than a community coin from Olynthus and “Ghalcis^ or Apollonia in Chalcidice interpreted the correct one Explanation of the coin can be found in Leicester Warren, Essay on Greek federal coinage *), which proves that Olynthus was the mint location of this and the other chal- Eiden federal coins was. How to complete the OAYNO dignified, but remains doubtful, either as a city name or perhaps easily as an epithet of the god, 'OAw^iog.

On a Chalcidian didrachm (wt. 14.48) in the British Museum, the description of which my friend Imhoof tells me, In addition to the usual transcription, there are also O and A at the top the arms of the lyre. Here too one could think of Olynthus, unless other coins of the type made it more likely, that we are more likely to recognize official or artist names here would have: on a Paris copy, overlooked by Mionnet, also in the arms of Lyra 3 A, below the Magistrate EPI AEAAEOZ, on another*) without a magistrate's name in the Arms of the Lyra A M, also the small KPA between the arms the lyre on diadrachms of the official Asclepiodorus has similar literal meaning, artist or a second official.

The OA could be supplemented with OAvginlxov; some Didrach men and gold staters of beautiful style have EPI O AYMPIXOY (not XOZ or KOY). The double ending for the genitive, O or OY is safe at Chalcidice in a time*) because the other mentioned coin in Paris clearly has EPI AZKPH- PIOAflPO.

A didrachm, also shared with me by Imhoof British Museum has a small one between the arms of the lyre Tripod, above it a branch, i.e. the coin type from Philippi. Na-

>) 1863. p. 28 f.

*) AootionBcatalog F. Exereanetes, London, Sotheby eto. 1871.

*) The style proves the simplicity of the similar Eracheiniuig Chersonesas Taurica (see my essay in the previous issue) would be if she is sure, not only.

ThrMuchs nnd macedonUche HQuicd. IQQ

To be honest, this is just a random remark, it relates at Cbaicidice nar, like all types, aof the Apollodienet: small silver coins ') with XAAKIAEÄN have the head of Apollo and on the back as the sole typo the DreiAus.

COLONIA PELLA.

Two Enfermonzen from the Golonia Pella, both on the same Stamping, in royal MOnzcabinet, correct some points in the Kninismatics of this city

W. CAESARFLARVNTIVSIIVIR-aVlN*) head of OetaTian, perhaps with a faint beard, reditshin.

H/: SPES (in section), COLONIAE PELLENSIS female Lichen long-dressed figure on the left, in the beohten one Holding a name(?). ^.5.

The main side therefore bears the names of two duomviri quin- qaennalee: of Caesar (Octavian) and of the otherwise known F'L" ARVNTIVS, it seems The transcription offers but some difficulty: the F za CAESAR za take, seems very worrying, because the epigraphics here vennathete Caesar filins, without divi, is aof Mttnzanfschrifts without analogy; But FL is also unthinkable as an abbreviation for Flavio, Such a name creation would not have been possible at that time. The name is usually written with two r's, Arruntias. A L. Ammtins fought at Actium and was Consnl in 732; whether

*) Cadalväne, recuell plates 1. 24, 25.

■) Some points are probably coincidental, but are very clear on the coins.

170 ^ ▼• Sauet.

but the Qninquennal of Pella is identical with this, remains Put it aside^ the 2^t after it fits.

Our coin was already known before, but nnyollstiün* falsely and erroneously attributed to Caesar^), which is therefore un- is possible because Greek coins from Octavian and Anto- nius exist, which were minted in Pella before the city of Colonie became:

ET. riEAAAlflN Female head (Libertas) to the right. W' M • ANT • AVT • r • KAI • AYT Victoria left.

These coins, very similar to those of Thessalonice, which have the same inscription on the back and on the main page the inscribed head of Freedom - not the Octa- via') — were, in any case, soon after the Battle of Phi- Uppi coined The described following follows in chronological order. bene, probably coined not long after the colony was founded Coin of Octavian with the representation and inscription of the Spes Coloniae Pellensis. Since Octavian's beard is not safe, I don't dare determine the time more precisely. The alleged livia at SestiniO-

EVER?/. 0EA ZEBAZTH Head of livia.

^f. riEAAHZ Victoria left. . M.9.

is because the city was already under Octavian Colony and Latin Niche minted coins, extremely questionable; only that can do it Coin Mionn. I, 221 be:

W. riEAAAlllN Female head to the right.

lif. riEAAHZ Victoria left. iE. 7.

Sestini's GEA ZEBAZTH might seem like that owes its origin to indistinct riEAAAlUN.

>) Sestini Cbu. gen. (2nd ed.) p. 37. *) Mionn. I, 482, 256.

*) Mionn. I, 495, 346 f. Also on the cafeterias of PeUa with TTEAAHZ on each side the head is an ideal head, not Octavia.

<) Desor. nnm. vet 109, 17. Then Mionn. 91, 569.

ThraciBche and Macedonian musts. ]^7y

The chronological order of the coins from Pella is: the following:

1. Autonomous Greek.

2. Greek with Antony's and Octavian's inscription.

3. Latin colonial coins with Octavian's head. Then follows the series of the remaining colonial coins from Trajan

nnd later emperors; one the gap between Angostos and I don't know Traian's carrion-filling coin.

The later name of the colony, Julia Augnsta, is natural not to Caesar and Angastus, but to Augastus alone- to return. That Augustus converted the city into a colony before 727 made is proven by our coin; later, after 727, He may have given her the nickname Julia Augnsta.

Dr. A.V. Sallet

Comments on the Greek federal coins.

I. THESSALY.

To a higher degree than most other landscapes Greece, was due to the peculiar nature of the soil, which the entire river area is located in one Peneios some agree to use Thessaly to form a city that surrounds the entire country. comprehensive state system. Since the end of the migration in the possession of the Thessalians who immigrated to Thesprotia tribe, the landscape was transformed by Aleuas the Rothkopf the beginning of the Olympiad calculation was divided into four tetrarchies, about which together in special cases a single tagos as a general commanded The tetrarchies had the dual purpose of to regulate the services to be advertised for the country, and the The tributary peoples surrounding Thessaly on all sides properties, like magnets Perrhäber Doloper from the seats of the ruling tribe easier to keep dependent. Despite this uniform constitution, the individual individual cities inhabited by Thessalem independently from one another opposite and not infrequently become more distant during fights States listed under both Thessalian parties as allies That is why there are also coins among the Thessalian coins during the entire older period, none in the name of the Federation Thessalian minted pieces, rather only special mints in the individual municipalities. Even Lason von Pherä has it so far

Comments on the Greek federal coins. 173

allowed to close to the previously known Mttnz supply is, no band coin has been set up, and his name is not yet on any Thessalian coin can be proven; and also from his successors Alexander and Teisiphon, who, although with less luck, lason's designs are cautious to continue We have only received coins^) on which, based on the model, their tyrants, their name, not that of the Thessalians written stands.

Here, the numismatics of Thessaly seem to be older Time to create a colorful, disorderly collection of cityscapes, so that the individual municipalities *j regardless of any others had coined coins, often of course with an excellent sense of art, especially in the fine, delicate ones still under the influence of the archaic art coin images, products of a Northern Greece's peculiar artificial flowers, from which ▼Only the relief has characterized works of marble sculpture so far Pharsalus (Heuzey Texaltation de la fleur, Paris 1868, Kekulä Art Museum in Bonn n. 37 T. 3).

But if you take a closer look at the series of embossed places') then:

^) Alexander of Phera belongs to: Drachmas with the ApoUok. v. from BJ. Löwenk. AAE, AAEHA (the contribution of the Didr. in Leake is incorrect N.H. P. 90); also copper coins with the front part of a running one Stiers n.r. Complainant's front part of a running horse to the right. AAE, after one Example from the Berlin Coin Cabinet; also Teisiphon Mionnet S. III. 309, 272.

*) prefer coin contracts of individual cities see Duchalais R. N. XVIII 255 and Warren, Essay on federal coinage, London 1863 p. 22.

*) The Prague towns of the Thessalians, from the tributary nations Apart from that, the following masses are distributed among the tetrarchies:

Pelasgiotis: Larisa, Phera, Krannon, Scotussa, Phakion, Mopsion Eckhel D. N. I 2 p. 144), 67ri;on, Phalanna (Orthia: R. N. 1843 p. 244, Arch. time. 1848 p. 275, Leake N. H. Eur. p. 162, unsure whether thesis salien or Elis, Gurtius Peloponnese II p. 102), Metropolis (Leake p. 75), Atrax, Earea (EYPEAION grape as in Skotussa, Av. female Head of vom ae 5, after one in the local collection

12

174 R' Weil.

It turns out for the pre-Macedonian period that in the time, Before Philip gained influence in Thessaly, the right to silver imprint, like the Eapfer imprint, only applies to the lord's The ancient tribe of the Thessalians inhabited the cities Among the tributary nations there are for this time only one landscape or federal coin, namely at the Perr- häbem, trioboles of Aeginean currency, which, as I have in mine dissertation'), not about the first third of the 4th century, - urban (forms come among the Perrhäbem neither in this nor in a later period riode before.

King Philip, who established himself in Thessaly wanted to create, first overthrew the urban aristocracies to replace them with decarchies in the individual cities (344), but then canceled this again (342) by adding the re-established the old tetrarchical constitution and brought it through she and half of his followers made the country dependent on him Macedonia (Curtius Gr. Gesch. m p. 635. 664). This alone is also the last time that the Tetrarchy existed as one Facility is mentioned (cf. the passages in Schäfer Demosthenes etc. Z. II. p. 402). In the time of Polybius there were they no longer exist, so that Livius e.g. B. in the north of Thes- Saliens only cities of Perrhabia and Thessaly, not such The Histiaeotis and Pelasgiotis differ from this also the many arbitrary statements But the Thessalian land- To explain the works of late writers, which in the Chorography has caused so much confusion. The opening hearing of the tetrarchies is connected to the fact that the one

finding a galvanoplastic impression of the original in Petenlrarg),

Peirasift (Anoali 1866 p. 331). Thessaliotis: Pharsalus, Prohema? (Hionnet II 23. 168), Kierion. Histiäotis: Trikka, Hinya (Eckhel D. N. I 2p. 143), Metiboi", Gomplu,

Metropolis, Peinna, Pharkadon. I) de AmphictiODuni Delpbicorum suffragiis, Berol. 1872 8. 22 f.

Comments on the Greek federal coins. \'JP^

individual peoples who paid tributary to the Thessalians from these detached, and next to each other, on an equal footing with the Macedonian empires were incorporated.

The federal coins also belong to this second period Phthiotic Achaeans and the Magnets. With the former the types are urban and only have the monogram of the country shaft X, therefore the least developed species the federal coin, as was also the case during the 4th century Arcadia was minted; This can be proven: Thebes. Ear-wreathed head of Demeter 1.

/?/: Protesilaus GHBAIAN (right in the field below

the shield) X ae ö. Berl. Mttnzcab., shown Arch.

Time 1873. cf. Mionnet p. IH 528, 150

to 152.

Bearded helmeted head 1.

RA horse to r. trotting 0HBAIfiN X ae 4.

Leake Eur. p. 100. Demeter head 1.

Officer horse to the right )a (between the legs), ae 3%. BerL M^). Larisa. Unbearded Achilles Head 1.

I{/1 Thetis riding the seahorse 1., with a shield in the left AAPI, on the sign X *) ae 4.

^) The distribution of these coins, which also includes a silver one without Monogram comes (dated A. Z. 1873), after the Phthiotic Thebes secured by the representation of the local hero, and the provenance of the Leake*'s specimen.

*) X written on the shield that Thetis holds is from the Lord Director Friedlaender certainly rightly explains this as an allusion to Achilles been, arch. time. 1869 p. 100. The monogram is actually the one of the Phthiotic Achaeans, as the Theban coins prove the other side of which it is also inscribed with the city name. At the Larisaean coin is now similar to the A of the Lacedaemonians, and the 1 of the Sicyonians (Xen. Hell IV 4. 10) used as a shield symbol but by being placed on the shield of Achilles,

12«

176 A. BecauseL

The ribbon coins of the magnets break down into drachmas Attic-Macedonian Fnsses (63. 8 Leake p. 67), their coinage only began when Demetrios Poliorketes in Macedonia znr Rule came (294 - 88), with the head of the oak wreath Zeus Akraios (Dicaearch 11 8) and the one sitting on a prora Artemis holding a bow in her right hand MAFNHT (Berl. M., Leake p. 67), and in copper coins with the head of Zeus, and the prora without Artemis MAFNHTAN. Mint of this Coins can only have been Demetrias '), where the magnets their meetings were held and the Magnetarchs had their headquarters (Liv. XXXV 31). Demetrias has temporarily, and how it seems that only among the magnetic stages are autonomous silver coins struck, the rare triobols from 36.7 Leake, 46% Mionnet: Artemis head y. /{/! prora AHMHTPIEAN with that Monogram AA.

Only the 3rd period, which began with the liberation of the Thessalians by Flamininus and the Stiflmig of their xo$v6r in the year 196 ginnt, also contains federal coins with the head of the Dodonean Zeus r., and the fully armed, striding Athena Itonia, the old. Thessalian regional goddess (Paus. X 1. 10), with horizontal extended lance and the inscription 0EZZAAAN, from aegi- natural weight*).

Different from the contemporary Achaean covenant coins and Aetolians they offer a wealth of magistrate names, in which

a double relationship, which was at least intended by the die cutter, hold, in addition to the one on the Achaeans, also one on the Larissae- see Hero Achilles.

See below p. 183.

*) Maximum weights at Leake p. 101: 101.3 = 6.56; Mionnet poids 14: 1.47 V4 = 6.31 ; Leake Sappl. p. 148: 99.1 = 6.42 ; Leake p. 101: 94.1 = 6.097. The appearance of the Aegina coin fnss at the end of the Macedonian period By the way, there are no isolated coins from Philippopolis in the 19th century - Qomphi was only given this name by Ilulipp V, who came to power in 218. reached - weighs according to Leake p. 91: 89.1 = 5.77.

Notice the Greek BnodesmOnsen. 177

It makes sense to have them every year for those who belong to the association changing strategists. I came across this explanation because also Warren feder. coin. p. 21 note 3; a name, claimed he, is regularly in the nominative, another in the genitive or, in its place a patronymic, whereby the strategist with the the father's name; there is a second one Genitive, this refers to the grandfather. One like this Interpretation, already questionable in itself, appears when more precise Testing of the coins is completely untenable.

As for the names on Athena's side, 80 are on the following pieces, which I have here Collection partly in the originals, partly in the Lionnet ones There are pastes, both in the nominative case: above the picture of Athena below

OilolSsvtdiig^) Jafjkö&otvog B. M.

0]tltop ^Ijmoloxog B. M.

Uotvactviaq J$6d(ßQog Past M. II 2. 15.

K]li$7mog roqyoifmq Past M. 11 2. 2.

On the other hand, the upper name is in the genitive, the lower one in the nominative. native:

nv&mvog*) Klsofjuxxtdtjg B. M., Past. M. 21.

MsP€XQccto[vg *AX]€lSavdQ B. M., cf. M. 12.

OMfornv @€iAKnoy£p[fig Past. M. 25.

0$XolSeytdav UsTQatog Past M. 27.

ae ^ItaXav nergcOog Past. M. 45.

These series, which are certainly from other collections easily. expanded Hesse, although the final letters in particular are often

>) Warren has been looking for an apparently imperfectly preserved copy Hlo^iytad^s read; those that were common in Thessaly in earlier times, BchwernUligen patronymic forms (which, by the way, all end in -alos or -ttog Unknown) how he claimed to have found them on the coins believed, according to the stone inscriptions in the Hellenistic and Roman With the exception of a few, like nsTgaios, the dialect was lost over time.

*) Regular epithet for the name Uv^y: Dreifuss.

178 Ä. BecauseL

are rubbed, prove that 2 different officials called are. Would be the one that appears on the most recently traveled pieces Genitive Vatemame, it would hardly be in the above position stand, and then they would always come to the one at the bottom only to be read ITsTgatog the following father names: ^iTtndqxov (Leake), Oklolevidov (M. 27. M. p. 15), Evikdaov (M. p. 23. 24), ae ^ItdJjw (L.), similar to Eckhel p. 153 on the coins of Apol- lina. Of course, M. 22 could indicate a relationship 2oi7taTQog SamT, but it is probably the same as M. 23 read 2tiinaTQo[g] roQycijoxgy also M. S. 8 StaaiTtatQog "'Oqffmvoq. Only M. 17 nsxqaiov ntolsftaiovy has both names in the genitive the same leaks.

So if both names are given to different people listening, one wonders how they relate to each other stand. Similar to Uetgatog, @€fu

On the other hand, there are a number, albeit a small number, of drachmas,

BümarknogeD lu den greekbiiiiehaii Bundesditlnieii.

179

which have names on the front next to the Zen head are written. On these - the Abbitdang shows an example plitr of the Berlin MUnzcabinet - you definitely get behind it

Head Eni ANAPOL6EN0YZ, while next to Athena in 2 rows APIZ, after which APIETOKAHZ is written. (A similar one

Leake describes an example on p. 101, but only ENAN

on which Arers was able to read, on the lapel APIZTOKA). In the Androsthenes of this coin one has because of the upcoming preferred position of the name aaf in the obverse and in eponyms Magistrates also use other common prepositions in the Thessalian ones Strategists zn recognize which from Ensebins to Porphyrins (Koller Fr. HisL Gr. HI p. 704) as Androsth^es Idali (for what, after The following must be changed in the initial documents: Itali) Gyrtoniui fllr Ol. 148, 2; 187 BC is mentioned.

The strategist of the year 182 Nicocratea Phaxini (woftlr according to Wescher-Foncart Inscr. de Delphee n. 18, 109 to change is: PboMM) Scotusaaeus of Ensebin shows the coin M. 27 and M. P. 15: NIKOKPATOYZ at the zen head, on the lapel the Names 0tJia^tyldov — Bet^oOoi stand.

Here the following would also appear alongside Zeus- Heads on silver coins have names, even though they are just are handed down here, the series of the Tbessalian strategists be inflicted.

Ar. n\ToU(iaio{v R. in 2 rows A PIZ TO KA B. M.

H

Ar. M^odtiqov R. H IZ B. M.

Ev. 7«^«» R. -/mmO^c NI B. M. cf

M. s. in 11.

180 »• ^«il-

In addition to the drachma pieces discussed so far, there are two smaller classes in number, the one on whose front side there is an Apollo head to the right, shows how the previous gen the Athena Itonia on the back, the second with the Pallas's head to the right on the front, a bridled soon striding, soon to be running horse on the back. Each of Both are joined by a longer series of copper coins same types. There is also agreement in the weight') mung, so that they can be viewed either as two-thirds of the previous, or as drachmas of the Attic-Macedonian currency must. The similarity of the work, especially the writing, the return of the same magistrate names') is based on the fact that these smaller pieces within the same period from which the larger ones come from, are shaped - only one becomes the ones with the head of Pallas, whose work is lesser and cruder, and also to put the similar copper coins a little later than those with the more carefully executed Apollo head.

What initially concerns the magistrate names of the first EJasse, so those which are attributed to the head of Apollo result in little explanation. TAY ANA on the paste of M. 33 is most likely reading Favdva, as well as one of the ma- Cedonian Temenids is called: Her. Vni 187; everyone else is

incomplete. The beginning of the name on the lapel is IIoXv

(B. M. and M. H 31. 33), Hl (B. M. and M. 30), 00 (Leake p. 102), plus the already mentioned ^Agt^naxi^g. On the obverse of the copper coins of this class appear to be except Oilwqatavg (Leake p. 102) Magistrate names do not appear.

1) Maximum weight: ApoUok. 4, ö B.H.; mostly but less: H. 1133: 1.5 V4 = 4.09 although with the same hagistrate name as the previous one. 61.9 (Leake p. 101) = 4.01. —Pallask. M. U36: 1.4V, = 4.06.

' on the lapel next to the Athena B. M., as on that one

^ . with Androsthenes. KA H

Remarks from the Greek Confederation Councils. JgJ

This is exactly where the second class begins Copper coins: Av. Athenac. n.r. OkXoxqdxwq Rev. Athena Ni- kephoros (M. 11 45 nnd Leake p. 102) , above ^ItaXo. , bottom he- T^aio . . That this is linked to an event that happened was^ about a victory of the Thessalian cavalry in the war against Perseus (Liv. XLII 59), the emergence of the small- ren silver pieces: At. Pallask. n.r. Rev. bridled horse true- apparently. Next to the head are inscribed: llv&cayog (L. 101. M. S. m 21), l^/a . . . (B. M., M. H 35), UoXv . . . (M.H 36), which, by analogy with the larger pieces, also serve as a strategy will be visible. The last beginning of the name IIoXv. . . is also written on the front of the copper coin next to the pallet las heads, on the back of which Demeter is depicted holding ears of grain is (B. M., L. p. 102). But like for this, as for any all the magistrates' names on the obverse of the copper coins^) are gone whether they are other officials or whether they are strategists have listened to.

Under velvet coins of the cities of Thessaly (in narrower sense), there are none that were placed in the time of the xotvop would have to be, and it can therefore be assumed that when In the direction of this the municipalities have ceased to shape; while on the other hand the Perrhäber*) and Aenianen'), the former probably soon after their liberation from Macedonia in 196, the latter only after their separation from the Aetolian league around 168 AD The Thessalians began to mint their landscape coins as role models. have one.

1) It binds this: Av. PaUask. Rev. Ross 'lymaitas (B. M., cf. M. II 47), Nvccttvd^ (B. M., Leake p. 102 cf. M. II 48. M. S. III 30-33) , Saaaudgov (Leake), 4'eyinnov (Leake), ^Innagxo (Leake), 'AyanJi^ (M. S. III 40), further: Av. PaUask. Rev. Rider 7(ra^o^ (Leake).

*) Zeusk. after r. Rev. TTEPPAIBON in 2 rows, seated in between Figure with a scepter in the right, r. ae. 4V. (Leake p. 88), similar ar. 4th in Berl. M.

*) Eckhel D. N. 1 2. P. 135.

182 »• ^«fl-

Where the Thessalian alliance coins were mined the smaller copper coins teach: At. Heracles to the Club resting on the rock 0ECCAA12N, Rev. Larisa as a long-clothed female figure who stretches her hands up AAPICA, after specimens of B. M/), while other Z instead have C. Those on the copper mines also lead to the same city coins of the rivtnmq as symbols of the pre-conunent hats of the Dioscuri, whose cult is documented there by a relief at Heuzej Mission Arch. en Mac6d. pl. 23 *) is known Ueberhanpt was Larissa was then the center of the Thessalian League, where it Authorities had their headquarters and the state assembly met (Liv. XLH 38. XLH 53).

Strategists of the Thessalians.

L Of the 17 names listed by Eusebius, sound strategists

from the years 195 - 179 BC. The following are mentioned: luschr. from Delphi Wescher-Foucart 18, 109 ngävXog 189—88 t. BC

on M. UvdQO

on M. NtxoxQdntg 182-81.

n. Also mentioned as strategists are:

at LiT. XLH 54 'Irmlag 171. Inscription from Delphi Wescher-Foucart 55 JafAo&otvog between 168 o.

157 after the

Priest lists.

on M. ntolfHctog

Mnt^ö.^ between 178

. . 146.

Aya • • •

Hi) . • •

>) Friedlaender BerUner l^l&tter für Münzkunde 1863 T. V n. 3. *) Heydemann Arch. Zeit 1872 p. 35.

Comments on the Greek federal coins. ]^g3

Inscription from Lamia Lebas V. A. 1150 ^Aya&civfaq tov [M^üdd- ^

(AavTog FoiMfsvq 1154 ^Icayoqaq tov NvffdvÖQOV

AaqtfSaXoq \

Inscription to Eierion Leake Tr. in N. G. T. 42 n. 216.

Idyda^fAog Tov^

AaQKfoOog,

R. Weil.

CO

i

Histiaea—Oreos.

The silver described by Eckhel D. N. I 2nd p. 325 mttnzen:

Female head wreathed with wine to the right.

R/. Lady-clothed female figure on a puppis sitting, IZTIAIEXIN M. 3—3%.

Borrell assigned 235 Thessaly in the Numismatic Ghronicle II want, and the reason for this is put forward on Euboea The city only had Oreos in the 3rd or 2nd century called, and further, the great similarity of the small ma- Cedonian coins (Bacchian woman's head I(/l front part MA- KEAONllN)rwith those just described speak for a man- Cedonia neighboring Prägort

The name of the Histiaeans can be found both in the northern west coast of Euboea, as in the Pindos and Thessalian landscape limited by the Eambunian Mountains; in both places there was ^Eöt- for the common Greek form through the Ionian, here through the Thessalian dialect Form with Iota ^I&tta$aj ^I&naiüng in use (Steph. Byz.

^EmUzux, and ^latiaut). For the Eaboean city') the ethnic group* was kon ^I^*c^g GsTTaluiuig '^ItstuiMit^q (Hermes V p. 9).

If therefore ^Itfvwtimv on 'the inhabitants of the Ihessa- It is not without reservations to refer to the Italian tetrarchy still further add that: 1. in addition to the present coins not a single one occurs that belongs to one of the three other tetrarchies - could be pointed out; 2. during the 3rd or 2nd century, to whom these coins were also allocated by B., as stated above- after each other (p. 174), there are no more tetrarchies at all have passed; 3. the Thessalian silver coins of the 2nd year- hundred are limited to those of the xotvor täv GsüfSal&v.

Of course there is also a city on Mount Olympus ^Earicua (Steph. Byz.), whose construction was built by ApoUodor on March 7th attributed to Eadmeem fleeing the epigones from Thebes; either this city is like many others {IIcQQa$ß6g, Alvog^ MaiMvg b. Steph.) an invention of the mythographers, or it flourished in prehistoric times; because although us right now for the beginning of the 2nd century because of the Roman campaigns against Philip and Ferseus from no part of Thessaly so de- more detailed descriptions have been preserved than from the northern There is only a trace of a city called Histiaea, which is already close the large number of their coins is not entirely irrelevant. could be.

The Euboean Histiaea, on the other hand, because of Homer

^) In 2 old Athenian popular resolutions the name is given to the Enboiache city *EctiaHt (Kirchhoff Inscr. Att. I 28. 29), its inhabitants in the Tributiialeii Bctuuns (Inacr. Att 231. 233).

Histiaea—Oreos. Ig5

praised for its viticulture (II. B 537), but is 445 its inhabitants were driven out by Pericles and, according to Ma- Cedonia emigrated; populated with 2000 Attic Eleruche, and because at the same time the inhabitants of the more inland Oreos, a town on the Drymos Mountains, towards the coast moved from the latter place and were called Oreos (Thuk. I 114. Strabo X 445); but already in the list of federal Its inhabitants are again called members of the 2nd Attic Sea Confederation "^Eaucu^ (Rangabä Ant. Hell. II 381). This is also the case The original name remained throughout later times (Skyl. 58); as such become their hieromnemonesU; which the Lonians in £u- Boea represented on several amphication decrees of the Aetoian period cited (Wescher-Foucart Inscr. de Delphes n. 3. 4 et al.), and It is even mentioned in an inscription from the time of Gordian City still ^IcimUov ij ndXig (Vischer archeol. and epigr. contribution. n. 59). The historians, especially the Atticians, use this almost regularly the name Oreos, as did later Polybius (X. 43. XVm 45) and Livy (XXVHI 5. XXXI 40 etc.), and to In Tanzania's time the name Histiaea was used in everyday language at least, for outdated (VH 26. 4). The double name of the The reason the city has survived is because it has existed since the immigration of the Attic Eleruchen had become a double city, with two Acropolises (Liv. XXVIH 5, XXXI 46; cf. Bursian Geogr. II 407). The extremely favorable location of Histiaea and its good harbor made it for Philip of Macedon after the Phocian Wars are important. True, it emerged from the tyranny of the under Philistides of Athens, who was under his protection, and his Allies liberated in 341 (Curtius G. G. HI 677), but got through the battle of Charonea, like all of Euboea depending on Macedonia. For this it was of particular value because it gives him the connection to Chalcis, the center of the island, secured, and with the ports of the Pagasian Gulf Pagasä and Demetrias Thessaly on the Gulf of Mali completely dominated the swept coast. That's why it was decided

186 B. WoiL

Reitfi in the 1st Roman-Macedonian War (207) from the Fkrite The allied Romans and Pergamens attacked Oreoe undertaken, whereby the same would be taken by raid (Liv. XXVni 6). But when it was ok again after a quick clearing Macedonian possession came, and at the beginning of the Second War (200) was attacked again, the capture was only possible after lln- earlier siege (Liv. XXXI 46). With the peace of the year 197, in which Philip V renounced the island, HistiSa also received freedom again (Liv. XXXIII 34). To the city area The Eenaion peninsula had belonged since the time of Philip U., in addition to Orobiä nnd Aidepsos, and the port town of Kerinthos, for example fourth part of all Euboea, which is therefore called HistiäotiB led (Strab. 445. Dem. adv. Aristocr. 213).

The coins of Bistia have two classes.

1. An older one:

female head decorated with vine flowers and grapes kiHnzt with earrings and necklace. ly. Taurus after on the right, in front of a vine. Monogram: 'F mid /l, below the bottom line IZTI. & 3. Mazimal weight. : 3.72 (= 57.4 Leake Ins.) 3.57 (= m% M. H 310 n. 89) 3.35 (B.M.) Type of backside and weight are consistent with thosea

by EubiSa i. G. (Mionn. Poids n. 4.5), Cbidkis (M. n. 43f.) nnd

Karystos (M n. 12) correct.

2. A younger one with the type of ship:

a) female head with vine wreath, earrings, necklace. Bf. female long-dressed figure with attached New hair wrapped in a ribbon at the back

Histiaeft •» Oreos. l^gY

of a pappis sitting^ the rights to the torso of the ship, the left on the one with a Qaer wooden mast boom. At the rompf of the Ship a wing. Next to the Figar in small Letters IZTIAIA, transliteration IZTIAIEflN').

Mb. Weight: 5.75; corresponding to that of Euboea i. G. (M. 1. 2), Chalcis (M. 33). , b) female head as above H/l as above, (without addition writing) IZTIAIEflN M 2% - 3%. Maximum weight 2.65 (= 50M. H 308 n. 88), 2.44 (= 46 M. n. 79) 2.43, 2.41 (B. M.); usually lower 33—37.6 English gr. (Leake). Of these smaller pieces, which often come with the small ones Macedonian are found together, mentions Leake in His note of his toeigkt p. 4 a find in Macedonia the year 1827, which consisted of more than 200 pieces, about as much Histian as Macedonian, but they will also found on Euboea (see Baumeister Topografie Sketch of the island of Euboea p. 60). Like those on the large pieces a clever inscription shows, in the female figure is the local nymph Histiäa depicted, after Eustathius on H. B 538 the

>) S. Komnos, from which the coin according to your copy at Lam- pros was first published Bev. Num. 1865 pl. 7 n. 10, from which they above is repeated, the ship correctly shown in the illustration holds partly for a sail, like the tetradrachnics, which are all false. men from Histiaea really show whose makers the form of the ancient Sehifb completely misunderstood. Rather, the end of the ship runs into feathered ones prongs, a shape reminiscent of the fish's tail fins. In front of it on the left is the mast with a crossbar that ends in a button Correct distinction first pay attention to Mr. Director Friedlaender makes bat, which determines the rods for erecting a tropaion helps; A similar one appears on the tetradrachms of Demetrios Poliorketes The pole must be held in the left hand by the pbeme with the crossbar attached to it. wear.

188 R. Weil.

Daughter of Hyrieus. The city name is usually ^I&naUmv, only once among 21 pieces in Mionnet S. IV 365 n. 100, and The relationship between the specimens here is similar Collection, EZTIAIEAN (according to the latter the illustration p. 83).

Apart from monograms or individual letters, are on the other side: trident and bipennis. In the on that Ships to the left of the figure written letters AZOZ Seatini wanted one of a copy of the local Sanmilung have found stage names; That's the only thing most people do very fleeting, often even crudely crafted coins are unthinkable. Another specimen shows ZA in the same place, while On the other hand, on more carefully crafted ones on which the figure is included is depicted with a naked torso and there is no inscription (from Sallet artist inscriptions p. 51).

The woman's head on the obverse is decorated with grapes and vines characterized as that of a Bacchic nymph, perhaps the heroine Histiaea. In inner Thessaly there would be a relationship on the service of Dionysus is quite unusual, in fact it can be found the same only on the coast of Phthiotis in the Drios Mountains (Diod. V 50), in Pagasä, also in Lamia (cf. the coin lyps); all the more On the other hand, it is wider on Euboea, and especially in the north Part where, near Aegean, Nysa, sacred to the god should have been located (Schol. Ven. n. N 29). For Histiaea itself but attest to the service of Dionysus the head of the older silver coins, like that of copper coins, on their reverse side now the Euboean bull, now a grape is depicted

As far as work is concerned, the female head of the European Union has see silver coins with EY, as well as the one from Chalkis some resemblance to that of the small silver coins of Histiaea, whereas it is a strong exaggeration on Borrell's part The head of the Macedonian coins comes from the same die schneider like the Histian one. But even a certain similarity Admittedly, it would by no means follow that only in the

Histiaea—Oreos. Ig9

the nearest hub of Macedonia, i.e. in the neighboring Thessalian one Histiäotis could have been worked like this, but that both of these belong to the same constant period. Incomparably more important than the Bacchanalian For art history, tinkopf is the representation of those on the ship sitting woman. The example of this type can be found in the one on the Tetradrachms of King Antigonus to look for Apollo who stands naked on the ship armed with a bow sits in the front. A simple modification of the Antigonus coin is it is when the magnets have an Artemis with a bow on the ship occurs in the front, so that the minting of their coins is evident with the construction of the city of Demetrias by Demetrios Polior- Ketes, the son of Antigonus (290/89). The group then suffered a greater deviation Coin of Histiaea^), where you no longer see it on the front ship, but what became necessary with the position of the mast, mounted on the stern. The emergence of the type would thus go into the reign of Demetrios, as king of Macedonia 294 - 287, to be set and to go further up The Aeginean weight of the drachma does not require which they are among the earliest because of their inscription IZTIAIA Pieces shaped like this have to be expected This image is also on after the coin base has been reduced the smaller coins were transferred, their minting took longer has been continued throughout time; because pieces with the up- The script ICTIAIEQN may have only been minted in the 2nd century.

1) EUstiaea, because it supported Antigonus, had in the years 312 and had to endure a heavy siege by Kasander in 311 but was relieved in time by Antigono's commander Mneson (Diod. XIX 75. 77). As is well known, the Antigonus coins are getting old 305-300.

R. Weil.

13

Unedirte MHtelalterniiiizeii vttii Athens iiid Naxos.

(From the ^AQXcuoloy^x^ *Eq>fifheQlg.)

(Tai. VI.)

After the death of Wilhebn de la. in 1287 Roche, Duke of Athens, became his only son, Guidon, chosen as his successor; but since the latter is still un- was mature, the government was entrusted to his mother Helena, who ruled as guardian until 1291. — As but Helena married Hugo von Brienne in her second marriage mill, who gave her half of the fief of Karjrtaena, She commissioned her husband to be the guardian of Guido as Duke of Athens'). — Guido was born in June 1294 in The- ben spoken maturely and at the same time with great solemnity, which Muntaner described in a somewhat novelistic way, became a knight beaten'). — While he was still staying there, IsabeDa Villehardouin sent envoys to him, who gave him her daughter, Still a child at the time, his wife was Castellanie Kalamata offered as dowry. — Guido readily agreed to this partial marriage proposal, which also took place on April 18, 1300

>) Hopf, Greek History (General Encyclopedia by Erach and diggers. 1867. Th. I, B. LXXXV. p. 347.)

*) Hopf, Ebendaselst 8,349. — See Muntaner. C^». 244. p. 436, 438. — Edition Lanzi.

Unedited medieval museum of Athens and Naxos. J91

King Charles 11 of Naples confirmed it after he had previously owned it had not been approved for certain purposes. — In the summer of 1303 Guido was elingotadened to Vostitza by Philip of Savoy, who, through his marriage to Isabella Villehardouin, was lord of the Princedom of Achaea. Guino paid him for Athens, Argos, Nauplion and Ealamata the oath of fealty').

Since Guido was told by his maternal uncle, Konstantinos gelos, despot of Thessaly, with the guardianship of his When his minor son, John 11, was entrusted, he felt compelled to go into battle twice to fulfill Anna's plans of conquest, Despoina of Epirus, to oppose; he limited himself a contract to maintain the status quo and drove up to his Death away, the interests of the despot he patronized by directing everything with fatherly love. —

The Duchy of Athens was under his administration in great prosperity, the income was flourishing States and the country produced grain that was not only for the inhabitants' food was sufficient, but also to Euboea was executed ; The Duke's court exceeded that of the Duke in splendor neighboring rulers.

Guido usually lived in Thebes, but he neglected it nor Athens; in the last days of his life by Phi- Lipp of Taranto was appointed governor of Achaea (1307 - 1308), He was sometimes forced to stay in Kalamata. — Finally he died in Athens on October 8, 1308 and was followed next day in the monastery of Daphni, in the tomb of his ancestors, buried ').

During the first period of his immaturity, when he... was patronized by his mother Helena, i.e. h. in the years 1287 up to 1291, in my opinion it was undeniable that the following the Toumoisen of the Duchy of Athens, which do not use a duke's name:

1) Hopf, Ibid. P. 363. *) Livre de la Conqueste. p.472.

13»

192

Paul Lambros.

1. * DVX ACTE BAR' W. TÖBAR.' CIVIS.

2. *DVX. ACTÖHAR'. W'T6BAR'. CIVI2.

3. *DVX. Acren-AR'.

Rf. TÖBAR/ CIVI2.

4. * DVX ATENES. /?/: TeBAR: CIVIS.

5. * . DVX. ATENES. ^r. TftEBE: CIVIS.

6. * 8 DVX 8 ATei/ieS 8

i?/:8TÄeBe8Civis8

7. * 8 DVX 8 ATGMeS 8 /^8TIieBe8CIVIS8

8. * DVXoHCTÄNHR /?/: TeBKR CIVIS.

Erenz. —

Thnrm. — Billon. -

Cross. —

Tower. — Billon. -

Cross. —

Thnrm. — BiUon. —

Krenz. —

Thnrm. — Billon. —

Krenz. —

Thnrm. — Billon. —

Krenz. —

Thnrm. — Billon. —

Krenz. —

Thnrm, damnter a little

Krenz. — Billon. — Castle with three towers. Castle with three towers. — Copper. In all probability Helena put the name of the young princes intentionally not on the coins because they don't could write hers on it as a duchess. — In this one We are reinforced when we see that Helena was later ambitious enough to obtain the right to mint as Baroness of the very small lichen in half of Karytaena^).

Hugh of Brienne had guardianship in January 1292 over Guido, which he took over until the first few months the year 1294 continued. — Since we know history, that the young Duke of Athens in his childhood was generally mine was nicknamed Guiot*), we write with confidence this second period of his immaturity

>) About the coins of Helena as mistress of Karytaena, see meiiie Treatise in the Heyne Nnnusmatiqne 1869, p. 193. *) Hopf, Ibid. 347.

XJned medieval coins from Athens and Naxos. I93

following coins za^ which bear the name Gniot and after in our opinion, were shaped by the guardian. 9. * : GVIOT : DVX : TSTb! : Cross. —

R/: : TäEBE : CIVIS : Tower. — Billon. —

10. * : GVIOT : DVX : TSTb! : Cross. —

/?/: : TftEBE : CIVI-S : Tower. — Billon. —

11. * : GVIOT : DVX : TTSb!. Cross. —

^f. TREBE: CIVIS: Tower. — BiUon. —

12. * . GVIOT . DVX. aSTÄ . Cross, in its corners

an ornament J^. : TEteBe : CIVIS : . Castle with three towers.

— copper. This last coin is the same as its depiction in the work by de Saulcy, but since his two similar Ekem- plare were poorly preserved, the learned author considered them fttr two^ different coins by using GVI DNA . . on the first and GVI VT (she) DVX read on the second; he wrote it to him Guido I too.

NICOLO I, DUKE OF NAXOS.

After* the conquest of Constantinople by the Crusades Drivers in 1204 were killed while distributing the loot the plunderers of the cunning Republic of Venice, who were so active in... contributed three-eighths to the success of the venture of the Byzantine Empire, including all the islands of the Aegean Sea. But since that went to the Venetians When all lands were inhabited by Greeks, the Republic turned because she did not have sufficient power, these countries and islands to occupy and keep in subservience, one in the older

1) Namismatiqae of the croi bath. pl. XVII. No. 3 and 4.

]^94 Vtkvl Lambros.

Feudal administration is not an unusual means; she made nSm- lent known; that everyone from the Venetians or those of the Be- Pablik subjected settlements, at their own expense Conquest of islands and coasts of Greece from the Veneto the companies allocated to the Chinese Republic wanted to use them as hereditary would be entitled to control a fief, under the condition to recognize the supremacy of the Republic. From this one Driven by the announcement, some Italian adventurers prepared their own small squadron and moved to the Orient to conquer unprotected lands and become princes through robbery to acquire crowns. — This is how Marco Sanudo acquired himself in 1207 the islands of Naxos, Milos, Faros, Syra, Dilos and others from the neighboring Cyclades, the Andreas brothers and Geremia Ghisi acquired Tinos, Mykonos, Skyros, Skopelos, Amor- gos and half of Keos and Seriphos, while the other Half of these two islands belong to Domenico Michieli and Pi^ro Giustiniani fell victim to. Marino Dandolo, nephew of Doge En- rico, conquered Andres, and finally the remaining islands fell into the possession of various other minor princes, whose names men have hardly preserved history

Marco Sanudo, who has just become master of the conquered islands, declared himself of all obedience to the Venetian Republic by appointing the Latin Emperor Henry as suzerain. recognized who gave him suzerainty over the entire Aegean sea and the Dodecanese. — Marco called therefore Dux Naxi et Aegaei Pelagi, corrupted to Agio Pelagi, and, as we know from the documents, ruled until approximately to the year 1227, but the year of his death is not exactly known. knows. Marco was followed by his son Angelo, who became the emperor Robert, later Baldwin the H, and finally the Prince of Achaea Gottfried II Villehardouin took the oath of homage; dem Baldwin had taken over the latter after losing his throne. given sovereignty over the Duchy of Naxos. Angelo, after He had ruled in peace for about 35 years^ died in

Unedited Medieval Museum of Athens and Nazos. j[95

beginning of the year 1262^ as successor to his eldest son- leaving, who was called Marco like his grandfather and his had spent his youth at the court of the prince of Achaia^ where he also received the knighthood*). — Marco' 11 was his successor around 1303 his son Gnlielmo, who most likely died in 1323 died, and this was followed by Nicolö').

Soon. After taking over the reign, he and others were invited to other subjects of Philip of Taranto; the prince of Achaia, John of Gravina, against his enemies to come to help; he accepted this invitation and went to the Morea, where he also spent the winter of 1324 with the prince until 1325')« During this time the Turks took hold when pirates sailed through the Aegean Sea, the opportunity also to plunder Naxos; Nicolö tried in vain to talk to her a fleet to fight. But since these attacks continued and within a few years 15,000 residents were removed, were driven or murdered because Venice was the one. Nicolö Hearing islands left unprotected, the latter captured the island in 1329 Decision to enter into an alliance with Andronikos HI with whom he had previously been on hostile terms; he went to him, taking three galleys, three other ships and more than a hundred bitters and at the same time rich gifts with- took*). But after he came to terms with the Turks in 1332 Armistice concluded and victory ammunition from EubOa had procured, he practiced piracy worse than the believers themselves, he attacked the neighboring islands are in constant hostility with their rulers and caused them a lot of trouble. — Regardless of all this violence activities, the public invited him to go to Venice. and gave him weapons to defend his islands,

1) Hopf, Ibid. p. 308. *) Hopf, Ibid. P. 372. s) Hopf, Ibid. p. 408. «) Hopf, Ibid. p. 425.

\QQ ^ Paul Lambro B.

because she thought Nicol6 would provide her with important services in the fight against the Turks achieve their intended success. Nicolö married met with Johanna, the daughter of Hngo von Brienne his second marriage to Helena, daughter of John I, despot of Thessaly; But this marriage remained childless'), and so it followed after the death of Nicolö, who died in 1341, his Brader Gio- vanni I.

Regardless of my continued research over 20 years I have not managed to get more than one coin from the Dukes of to discover Naxos; This one, belonging to Nicolö I, came to me in 1856 received other coins from the same island; this only one, no The coin in my collection is the following:

* niC(OL) A VS • DVX ♦ between two pearl circles.

— In the middle Cross. —

Example * AGIOP6U niXa * between two pearl circles.

— In the lutte a young final head of from. — Billon. —

Since no other coin of the Duchy of Naxos has been recorded so far, became known, we don't know whether other dukes also did this have exercised the right to mint. — But if we consider that in Greece other, even smaller princes, such as the lords of Salona, Helena, the Baroness of Earytaena, and George I Ghisi, Duke of Tinos, all coins earlier than Duke Nicolö and that new, previously unknown ones can be discovered every day If you find coins, it's not foolhardy to believe that Sooner or later you will also have coins from the predecessors and who will find Nicolo's successor. Maybe you could object that the unedited coin described above is also from Nicolö n could be coined; but since this duke between 1371 - 1383 reigned, during which time there was no longer any Münzra

1) BißXioy r^f Kovyxictac pp. 6698—6703.

Unedited 'BfittelaliermüBzen ron Athens and Naxos. 197

Greece proper were minted; that's what I think doubtful^ that it belongs to Nicolö I.

Professor H. Hopf, to whom I wrote this Coin, as well as others, said where he heard from her speaks that they are an imitation of the Venetian, ordinary Matapani called, dime was^; ^here comes the famous historian riker was wrong about this, because our coin is neither made of pure silver, nor does it have any in terms of shape and size Similarity to the Yenetian penny. If we want to use a Yenetian coin as a model If I have, then it would be Marcuccio, who is the head of St. Mar- cus from vom, just as the coin of Naxos has a head from vom, is also made of billon and has about the same weight

1) Hopf, Ibid. p. 361. Athens.

Paul Lambros.

Untold coin of the grand master Fvico vsr Villaret

(1310-1319.)

(Translated from Greek.)

After Rhodes on the 15th of August 1309 by the knights of St. John of Jerusalem under the command of Fulco had been conquered by Villaret and the order dissolved had settled on the island, the knights became hospitalists instead of Knights of Rhodes and their head instead of master, grand master called. — Pope Clement V approved the occupation of the island and, since the Templar Order had just been dissolved, In 1312 he donated most of his property to Knights of Saint John. This is how this order came about to political power and significant wealth. From Driven by this success, Grandmaster Fulco surrendered luxury and indulgence, and transgressed despotically and openly every order rule. A general one therefore emerged in the order Dissatisfaction against him and the council asked him to report to report on his administration. But since Fulco refused, Some of them decided to comply with this request Knight to hold him and bring him before the council meeting. But Fulco was informed of this plan in good time, so that he escaped and locked himself in the castle of Lindos, from where he protested against everything that wanted to be decided and asked the Pope for a decision; but he was from the

Uncertified coin of the Ghrossmeister Fuloo of Villaret. 199

Knights of his office horrified and in his place Moritz von Pagnac appointed. So the order was beset by a conflict threatened when Pope John XXII, after he had the matter^ to be advised, both grand masters of their office were horrified and she invite you to Avignon. The two rivals soon came forward to their classifier in France; but there are only the deeds of Falco were known and famous, they received the input Residents considered Maurice von Pagnac a hero her for an insurgent; That's why he moved to Montpellier back, where he died in 1318. The Pope set the Falco was reinstated in his position, but the Order appointed him faced such resistance that he felt compelled to give up Dismissal za request, anter the condition, the income of the Abbey of Capaa retained, without paying tax and to give some sort of account. After his departure he moved He retreated to a barg in France that was in the area his sister was where he died in 1327. He was buried in Montpellier in the St. John's Church.

In Rhodes, where the Knights of St. John of Jera- salem became ruler, the grand master Falco was the first to rule Villaret, as head of the order, exercised the right of military service. — In 1848 a silver coin was minted by Falco in Dablin found by Villaret, which was communicated by Lindsay *) and This is currently being held for a Unicam because another one is in no Mttnzsammlang is known, which is why everyone who does later mentioned this coin: Friedlaender'), de Long- perier'), heifer*) and de Vogü6^) nar aaf that from Lindsay public copy were required. The coin mentioned On one side shows the Grandmaster on his knees like that

1) Notices of remarkable medieval coins. Cork 1849. Plate III, No. 48. *) Contributions to older coinage p. 50. ") Bevue Nnmismatique. 1859. P. 20. *) 9 «ada^liare gerosolimitano. p. 12. «*) Revue Numiflmatique. 1865. P. 299.

Remaining notes of the previous masters, but on the bending side she is one Sewing the French coins. Your weight is not ours known, but she will certainly be a grosso.

Now we hereby take another coin from Fnlco, which is probably half of the previous one, namely ön BalbgroBso.

Ef. FRATBR • FVLeO. The grandmaster Folco on the Enieen in front of a double cross, on each side of it A and A, below SA.

Bj: >i< fflAGR ■ bOSPITAL'. (Magister Hoepitalis). Cross. Silver. Weight 36% Venetian. Gran.

If we want to judge by the weight of our coin and assume that Lindsay has already published this has twice the weight, we see that the lenses from Fnko are heavier than those of his successor ^on de Villeneave. But even if they had the same weight, it seems to me doubtful whether we can also use Fnlco's coins as Gigliati and could describe aspri; because at the time when these were pristine were the circulation of the Neapolitan in the Orient Gigliati not yet general, as happened later, which is why andi ^on von Villenenve was ordered to use the ore of the same to imitate ten coins, which also refers to their name coins passed over to the Grand Master of Khodos; that's why I pulled before, of the Folco'Bches Mttnzen one as Grosso, the other to be described as a half-gross. Athens.

Paul üuBbrot.

NECROLOGICAL.

Johann Brandis.

On January 8th, Dr. died in Linz. Johann Brandis, Gabinetsrath I.M. the Empress. Brandis, the son of the philosopher Christian August Brandis, was born in Bonn in 1830, studied and moyirte there in 1852 with the dissertation: Assyriarum rerum tempora emendata. In the same year he went to high school teacher to Berlin, then completed his habilitation in Bonn and later became Cabinet Secretary, then Gabinetsrath I. M. the Empress. From His writings are particularly important for numismatics classic work: The coinage, measurement and weight system in advance derasia except for Alexander the Great, Berlin 1866. A back- work that Brandis did in London this year and Paris collected material, and still used it in the last days of his life, about Cypriot inscriptions and Coins, is issued by the Academy. — Brandis' death is a heavy, irreplaceable loss for our young magazine. desire; In him she not only loses an employee, but also one of the most enthusiastic supporters of the entire company.

A.V.S.

Mise rush.

Coins from Neapolis with supposedly Phoenician Inscription It is probably only the fault of the inadequate bookkeeping commercial connection between Berlin and Naples; that Berr Sambon in the new adaptation of his work on the under- Italian coins described by Friedlaender (Berl. Bl. IV, 1868.) sided Neapolitan coins with ^^Phoenician" legends, which Minervini publishes and Mr. Peytrignet owns in Pagani sen, again as “ Phoenician '^ depicts and describes the entire Peytrignet collection and these are identical specimens reached the Berlin Coin Cabinet; the coin cabinet has them Bought first selection from this collection, the best is in the Coin trade, including those pieces intended for the Equal. collection unusable and, as Friedlaender said at the time, extensively proven, completely ordinary barbarized Neapolitans Didrachms were. A.v. S.

The coin cabinet in Naples is in beautiful, bright rooms. men set up, namely mediterranean coins under glass, one recommended, but difficult for very large collections method to be carried out, rather the tables are the relevant ones The sheets of Fiorelli's catalog are attached in such a way that they are convenient can read the descriptions of the coins. Among the Greek Chinese coins are rarities of the first order, such as the tetradrachm from Naxus Siciliae with the beardless Bacchnus

Miscellaneous. 203

head; the Theban didrachm with the head of Heracles with a lion file from the front, beautiful Cretan coins, etc. A new acquisition advertising is (October 1872) the not yet laid out extremely rare didrachm from Eumae with types from Naples (pictured in Sambon's Becherches etc.)* Beneficial for the German The courteous friendliness of Hm. Sena is present. tor Fiorelli, the director of museums and excavations.

A.V.S.

Cleaning ancient coins. A rational approach Driving cleaning antique coins is common for most collectors It's completely unknown to dealers, and they sometimes even keep it a secret those who know it. Unfortunately, this is why many good mouths go through careless cleaning and scratching. — An- The best way to clean silver coins is to place them in liquid Ammoniac, without any use of force. Earthier, sit tight- But the dirt or coating is almost always due to the gal- To remove vanic current in the following way: maxi put the Coin in concentrated (so-called “white^) vinegar, one or several, possibly not rusty, iron nails but completely or half in the vinegar so that their tips touch the coins. Depending on the thickness of the coating, this process takes minutes or to continue for hours. The rust that occurs when lying down for a long time then the coin is covered and can be removed with ammonia. on- The use of sharp instruments is not advisable, according to the Given procedures, light rubbing with cotton is sufficient. — Whether a coin is still cleanable and has a future Whether you have it or not, you can only do it after years of practice can be recognized with some certainty. — Copper coins are without It is very difficult to spoil them and usually impossible to clean. salt miak is the best way to remove the thick coating, but it does damage the coin. Roman traders cultivate the copper imperial dance with all sorts of sharp instruments, not for TheU and skillfully to clean and then through various means,

204 literature.

e.g. B. make it attractive and sellable by adding soil to it. However, all of the pieces treated in this way are more or less lost. wicked. A.y. S.

Literature.

Berlin sheets for coins, seals and coats of arms. VI, 3rd issue. Berlin, 1873. Weber. Dannenberg, the Mttnzftmd of Plonsk (castle). The latest coins are those of Wratislaw of Bohemia, the Vf. therefore assumes that the fund dates back to 1061 or buried not much later. Iversen, three finds medieval coins in Bassland. All in the 11th year- a hundred buried. Dannenberg, an unedited gold guilder from Romming. A strange unicum in Yf's sanunlung, Imitation Frankfurt and Dortmund Ooldgulden from the 15th century hundred: ES* Saint John. Officer Reichsapfel. MONETA NOVA ROMANORVM. — A short one among the miscellaneous Note about Huber's death; that it is a beautiful collection collection of ancient coins brought together is correct, minimum strais But Huber's literary achievements are just as important at present. mismatic area in the “Berliner Blatten^, in the Egger- schen, then in the magazine he himself edited.

A.V.S.

Feuardent, F., Gollections Giovanni di Demetrio. Numis matique. Egypte ancienne 11. Domination romaine. Paris 1873. 8* 344 p. 37 plates and many woodcuts. The second volume of this beautiful work begins with the great Eupfermtnzen of the Ca- nidius Crassus, according to Waddington's correct reading not the up- font HTOAEMAI retrograde (not KAEOR . . . , how to earlier accepted), which the Vf. gave to the son of Cleopatra, Ptole maeus XVI (Caesarion).

Literature. 205

Without going into the content of the work in more detail, So I focus on some strange and unedited ones highlight coins and dates; as far as the same are not in my nen “Data of the Alexandrians” and those given by Huber Additions (Num. Zeitschr. Vienna 1871) are included.

Claudius LA and LIA. Nero LB. Titus: AYT TIT 0AAYI OYEZnAEIANOE W- LA Canopus with Isis head. M 4th Sat- bina, with Victoria and LS, two pieces. This year has too a piece that has recently found its way into the Berlin Coin Cabinet, but again not entirely clear, so one also suspects LIS could* M. Aurelius Augustus, two pieces of LK, one LKA. Er- But the last number is the last historically possible one. Lucilla LACü- A6KAT0Y. Severus LH. PlautiUa LIA, but “retouch^e”. Diadumenian, large copper coin for LA. Elagabalus LA. Ale- xander, Caesar, LA. Valerian, two with LH. Salon LH, historically important.

Domitius Domitianus is again identical to the Vf explained with Achilles, which I cannot agree with.

The noun coins are represented in the richest series, but Domitian (the Flavian) is missing. So far only the Berliners and the Osnabrück collection is so happy, this one from Friedlaender to own the strange pieces discovered.

The appendix includes the Roman ones relating to Egypt Coins. A.v. S.

Friedlaender, J., de la signification des letters OB sur les monnaies d'or byzantines, by M. Pmder and J. Friedlaender, second edition with an appendice, Berlin 1873.

It was already more than twenty years ago in the first

Edition of this document the old numismatic Bäthsel OB solved;

It was proven that OB has the Greek numeral 72

is This (reset Constantine the Great is available, which

the new coin base was determined according to the 72 Solidi from the

Gold pounds were minted, and in his time comes LXXn

14

20g literature.

in the field of some aeolids. Yalentinian I and his co-regent Valens renewed this law, and in the same year that Edict appeared, it is also proven that OB appeared first on the So- lidi. OB is here in the same place on the reverse side as at the beginning Da OB is not alone in the solidi from Constautin's time LXXII the individual piece as ^ of the pound, but the seventy-two ziger Mttnzfuss, it was later also referred to the partial pieces of the solidus and on the larger gold pieces which always contain a certain number of solids are shaped according to this foot.

In contrast to the German, English and Italian Numismatists, who, as far as is known, make these declarations almost without exception recognized the statement as correct, contradicted it some French ones, partly because, as it turned out, they German essay not understood. He was therefore sent to France translated from German, and the refutation of everything that had been Counter-reasons spoken added: The well-known inconvenience of the German book trade, however, prevented further distribution the brochure. So neither Mr. de Petigny nor Mr Cohen, it seems, provides the scientific justification for this explanation when they wrote against it; the former doesn't have it at all understood, and the second would probably honor her Certainly not the official lists of Roman imperial coins have opposed reasons, some of which have long since been eliminated, can partly be recognized as erroneous by any connoisseur. And following his forcefully expressed condemnation UrtheU, the deatsche was even recently announced from Paris Declaration has been completely eliminated and discarded.

It seemed necessary to protest against this, it had to again in French, because in France one rich yes no German reads In this second edition the objections of Messrs. Sabatier, Cohen and Count Bnunbilla refuted

First the claim that OB also appears on many silver

Literature. 207

and bronze coins before^ a claim; some even in German Works are ignored. In the new font it will be demonstrated that all of the silver and silver coins cited by Sabatier Bronze coins with CONOB^ as many as they are, on fake ones quotations based; or counterfeit coins, especially modern ones Silver casts of gold coins. The one spoken years ago invitation; Silver coins with CONOB in originals from un- Proving dubious authenticity has never been achieved, and Until this happens, one can assume; there are none. That large silver coins of Anastasius; Justiuus I and Justinian GOB habeu; is known, if in this late period OB really also, What has not yet been proven means 72 has already been done for a long time It has been proven that these large silver coins, as well like the gold tremisses, minted after the seventy-two foot are in that they represent a certain value part of the solidus.

Mr. Cohen's second objection is, OB, if it is in Fields on the side of the figure of the type cannot be numbered. symbols because Greek numerals are never separated would write. This objection is also invalid, because The numerals are very common on Alexandrian ice cream coins, just like OB, separated in the field by the figure of the type

The third, which actually contradicts the second: if OB had the same meaning as LXXII, LXXII would also standing separately is also void. Apart from that it it doesn't matter whether numerals are separated or unseparated, LXXII could not be separated here because on one side The Christogram is on the side next to the figure, so only the other one Page for the number was open. A look at the coin itself would have informed Mr. Cohen of the groundlessness of this objection convinced.

Finally he claimed Greek numerals, which like OB consists of two letters would never appear in Roman coins - a claim that is just as erroneous as the previous one coming; for there will be numerous in the new scripture

208 lihÄTÄtor.

Greek numerals, the ans two and ans three letters exist, proven on Roman coins.

The question as to why OB was put instead of LXXII was long overdue answered: the swd was drawn for the narrow tree in the section Greek letters OB precede the five Latin LXXII. OB had also become a well-known formula.

Mr. Cohen thinks so little of Mayor Doreh's explanation 72, the old one through obryzum fttr right, but believes that OB, if it is in the field, it means a city that will be found later will. He thinks of Olbia on the Black Sea. The mayor in Section, he thinks, has a different meaning that you don't could decipher. Sentences that require no refutation.

In support of the sentence that LXXII and OB 72 be- indicate that silver coins were included in the first issue. were brought, which are labeled LX and XGVI, and Weigh is and -k of the pound according to these numbers. Alone also the undeniable fact that LX and XCYI are values are, Mr. Cohen does not recognize. It was also approached that those on the denarii were written - which Mr. Cohen is always wrong "petit bronze" - frequent numerals XXI and ILA, XX and K have the same meaning as LXXH and OB, namely that these pieces -si-, and in other places ^ of the Denarius Argenteus were valid. Mr. Cohen denies that XXI is a denomination and that KA means 21. So now* it has proven to him must be seen that the items in the section of the denarii aerei are The existing ciphers can almost all be solved easily and reliably, As long as you don't, as he does, find them by chance letters, but according to their meaning. They almost give always the symbol of the mint city, the value and the number the Officin; TRXXIP means e.g. B. Treverica 21 Prima, exact as TROBS means on gold coins Treverica 72 Secunda.

After all in the new writing without difficulty Some of Mr. Cohen's claims have been refuted, the author turns. against Count Brambilla, who is one of Zeno's soldiers.

LiterMur. 209

has brought^ on the CONOB section literally in the MittC; but BY is still crooked behind this letter If Brambilla is standing, she randomly moves this BV to OB and reads OBRV, and concludes that OB always means obrjraum. Alone nothing prevents^ BV for the well-known and frequent sigle of Ba- Take Yenna ; who here once, instead of in the field, in the field Cut also says RY on silver coins from the same emperor now in the section, now in the field. This is how you find instead of the ge^

homely ^ * ^^ also ^^^ ' ^^ , both times means

Bl Y EM : BoMa, and likewise ^^ ' ^ and CONOBBY means both

BaYenna. On top are the two letters BY Brambilla's solidus inserted, they are apparently after the stamp was ready, added; and because the Yictoria is too wide and there was a star next to her in the field, he could The die cutter does not put the letters BY in the usual place next to the figure, but clamped it, clumsily enough, behind CONOB; Because of the narrowness, the Y has the shape Y. This isolated, poorly cut coin from such a late period has no meaning at all as soon as it is viewed unbiasedly.

If OB meant obryzum, it would certainly be on the large- sen gold medallions, where there is enough in the tree section, sometimes obiyzum written out, or at least obr stand; alone it stands always and always only OB and a number letter (either a Greek, or Latin P, S, T, Q etc. for prima etc.) Bewc^is enough that OB is not an abbreviation, but a whole, namely the number 72. J.F.

Holm, Ad., the old Oatania. With a plan. Lübeck 1873. 4*. 48 pp. This attractive monograph is written with constant consideration the coins are examined and at the end gives an overview View of the Gatanaean coins in chronological order. — Ca- tana, which was called Aetna in the years 476-451, influenced small ones

210 Literature.

Silver coins with this name have the type of a long one sea crab (xafi^fiaQig , gambero); Bad nnd MTIA; aaeh those with Silenskopf; R/, Blitz and AITNAI, like the coins with the Names of Catana with KATANAION and KATANAIfiN, sets the Yf. here. Both pieces from Aetna are also in the Berlin Museum, the former as property, the other offered. The coin with the cancer bears all the signs of old age, the other may be younger, indeed their complete correspondence with the Catanaean coins I almost want to go to the Yermuthong leads to the fact that they do not, as Holm believes, date back to the time of 476 belong to 451, but that Catana again later under the name Aetn% or that Aetna Jnessa with Catanean types. As is well known, there are similar puzzles, like this the coin from the Berlin Museum, which is exactly the same style and design. Mint is similar to the later coins of Naxos Siciliae, but the Name of the completely unknown Sicilian Neapolis, NEOPOAI, shows. — Copper coins can be found in Catana-Aetna in the year 451 probably haven't given yet. Soutzo's in the revue numismatique 1869 published copper coin with a bearded head nnd lightning and the name Aetna is also in Berlin: it is not anima subaerati, this proves style and type, as well as the thickness of the coin, and it is certainly not that old. So either are the silver coins with Silenus head and the similar copper coin in New Aetna (Inessa) or in Catana, but minted after 451. So the coins prove that either Catana even later the name Aetna, or that the new Aetna in foreign countries corporate or federal relationship with Catana stood and with same type. — With the inscription KATANAIOZ is not ^AnoXXaiv meant, it is the name of the coin, so something like that (nat^f similar to NaytÖMw, i^JUsioV etc. ; this is done by the tetradrachm in Luynes (Choix etc.) proved which KA- TANAIOZ next to the Nike has. — The Apollo head of the artist ler's Choirion is not, like Holm, despite my correction, etc this doubtfully says, oak-wreathed, but laurel-wreathed, like Ab-

Literary. 211

press prove. — The artist Eainetos's caps with Ame- nanos are, as Holm correctly notes, drachmas, not, as in My "artist's inscriptions" are incorrect, didrachms. — Certainly The Vf's opinion about the Siracusan artist is correct Enainetos, whose Catanaean coins he purchased not long before 403 The Syracnsan coins of this artist go to obviously even further down, because the decadrachms with his Names - if it's this Euainetos, there are probably a few more Time after 400 BC C. embossed. A.v. S.

Lambros, Paul, ^Avhtdoxa vofAttffiata %ov fUffaKövtxov ßa- atleiov tijg KvTtQov. Venice 1873. 52 pages and 9 plates. This one published impressive series of Cypriot medieval coins the following: Isaac Ducas Comnenus, Despot, 1184 - 1191, then the Lusignan's: Guido, King, 1192 - 1194; the alleged Amalric, 1194 - 1203, published by de Bozifere, is a copper coin from Genoa; Hugo I. 1205-1218, Henry I. 1218-1253, Henry IL 1285-1310, Amalric 1304-1310, Heinrich IL 1310-1324, Hugo IV 1324—1358, Peter L 1358—1369, Peter IL 1369— 1382, Jacob I 1382-1398, Janus 1398-1432, Johann IL 1432 — 1458, Carlotta 1458 — 1464, Louis of Savoy, husband of Carlotta, 1458-1463, Jacob II 1464-1473, Catharina Comaro and Jacob III. 1473-1475, Catharina alone 1475-1489, coins without royal name, Famagusta among the Genoese, finally the Venetian rule: Doge Peter Loredan 1567 - 1570 and Siege coins of Famagusta (1570), the Marcantonio Bra- gantino from September 1570 to August 1571 against the Turks held. The included 9 Tafehi are from Mr. Carlo Ktmz, the curator of the Museum of Padua, excellently led. A.V.S.

Merzbacher, Eugen, de siclis nnmmis antiquissimis Jn- daeorum. Berlin 1873, 28 p. (doctoral dissertation). The author sets, generally the views of the more obscure mismatists

312 lÄtwatv.

following and de Snolcy's and Ewald's certainly have erroneous opinions. fighting, the Shekel and its half-pieces with chalice and lily branch into the first period of Jewish independence among the Maccabaeem, which dates back to 140/139 BC. C, 173/174 of the Se- Leucid era began. Then the exact description follows and weight table of all known shekels and an examination about the time of writing of the famous letter of Antiochus YII. (Maco. XYy 2 - 9), which the author dates back to the year 173 or At the beginning of 174 the Seleucid era. Added is WM Ywa Author-drawn alphabet chart of the Jewish letters in chronological order, you from the mesain inscription to the ones below {Lajßem minted Jewish rebellion coins. A, v. ä

Saulcy, de, numismatique Palmyrienne (Bevue archeol XXH p. 291 - ^303). Description of about five mostly raw copper* coins, almost all without inscriptions - one in British Museum, after Mr. de S's. Description: female head with MaiUerkrone. HAAN. left/l lying lion to the right. M. 14 million ^- The relevance of the questions already questioned in the last century Felt Palmyrene coin of the Ze* taken from VaiUant I have nobia with the impossible year LZ ready Year 1866 widely discussed. — My opinion is incorrect ung of the Vf., the well-known coins of Athenodore (VabaUath) and Aurelian with Alexandrian dates were in Palmyra These rare pieces always come from Egypt and are, as their shape, dates and types prove, in Alexandria coined A. v. S.

YerUg the Weidmannsche BochhAndlong (J. Reimer) in Berlin.

Bnebdrnekerei Ton GofUT Sehade (Otto Franeke).

Ifl.

The British Museum Coin Collection Catalog.

If it is possible in the epigraphy, by dividing the Work and Travel master-valid and relatively complete collection In order to preserve works, the possibilities in numismatics must be The viability of such a company can be doubted for the time being. Apart from the fact that the numismatists are among the rare entities and that even among those who are involved in numismatics tics call a very large number incapable of employee shaft on such a corpus nummorum veterum can also through the most extensive travels and studies in the various Public and private collections hardly ever produce a result which could be compared to the corpus inscriptionum. Anyone who deals with the coins in practical detail will knows how incredibly difficult it is sometimes to find the right reading to determine how often a lucky person gets from even one coin Chance makes it possible to eliminate old, time-barred errors in the environment. To correct scripture readings, as in general to a relative correct description of a coin the nocturna versate man versate diuma is necessary - while it is impossible for the traveler is in a short space of time in often completely neglected and un- organized collections, perhaps even - which I never do but encountered others - with rude treatment of the person in question appropriate supervisor – an exact description of a coin deliver. It is possible that perhaps one day with special gifts

equipped numismatist the task of a corpus nummorum

15

214 ^* ^* Sallet.

Approximately solves it - but now I think I'll try one such a company is less useful than the drafting agreement careful and precise catalogs of large collections, the ns* Of course, they can only be of any use if their leaders or Owners know their craft. — The largest collection in the World, the British Museum, is setting a good example here. Just published: a catalog of the Greek coins in the British Museum. Italy. London 1873, 8*. 432 pages and many unique printed woodcuts. This 'present first volume of the ca- talogs is by Mr. Poole with the assistance of Messrs. Head nnd Gardener edited in a thoroughly competent manner; the exit The presentation of the work is as we do with English books are used to, tasteful, comfortable for use and, like it is befitting a large scientific institute made with complete disregard for all costs. Every kind of way legend that differs from the usual letters is specially cut, and many of them are excellently Genetic woodcuts of coins printed into the text. Everyone Coin is precisely marked with size and weight. wrote quotations from well-known collections where necessary added. In the rows the metals are separated, within However, the coins of the individual series are carefully chronological ordered.

As particularly rare and strange pieces in the collection The following should be highlighted: the Etruscan M, 8 with the lion ^f. Traces from inscription (?), the often discussed Etruscan p. 3 with Apollo head and bull and the inscription velzpapi, the Etruscan JBi 7 with running gorgon and wheel; the inscription on it

O.E

is reproduced here • ^; As is well known, the interpretation is this

6E

Inscription still uncertain, Friedlaender reads . ^, thels (contributions

p. 166). — An enviable, probably only Beichihum the numerous square Aesgrave pieces. A big one with oval shield, H/l inside of the shield, another with a sword

The British Museum Coin Collection Catalog. 215

/?/I scabbard, one with club Rf, fish backbone with ribs (?), the same thing halves another halves with indistinct types, an extremely beautiful piece with Elephant Bf. Sau, finally one with two chickens pecking facing each other. Rf. two Tridents and two dolphins, finally a smaller piece with two crescent moons on each side. — Aurunca Campaniae Mu 4. , Friedlaender (Oscan coins) only in an incomplete one Specimen known: Apollo head on the left Rf dolphin on the left and the Oscan inscription aurunkud makdiis. The Oscan, campa- Niche didrachm with head of Hera by vom and Bellerophon the still mysterious, variously read, here ZENZEP reproduced inscription. Von Taranto owns the collection thirty-two gold coins, including the stater with the Dioscuri, but without those on Luynes' specimen and that of Ber- liner museum clear inscription AIOZKOPOI; the series of Silver coins begins with the two incuses: Kneeling Apollo on each side and Taras on the dolphin on each side. — Metaponto, the gold coin with the head of Leucippus and two Ears of wheat, a silver coin with ears of wheat and sacrificing Heracles, &. 6. Didrachmon, also the fairly rare didrachms with the Divine epithets HOMONOIA, hYriEIA, - the similar beautiful one Didrachm of the Berlin Museum with APIETH always shines to still be a Unicum - Didrachms by the artist Aristoxe- nus, by artist POAY. . (not POA) and those with APOA (name of the god) in the neck section, here certainly incorrectly written ZPAY read. The beautiful illustration proves that this coin with the Didrachmon is identical to APOA.

There are twenty-three tetradrachms from Thurii, including one of an older type with an olive branch on the helmet, without Scylla. An ancient Didrachmon is noteworthy from Velia without writing with lion head Rf. female head.

Croton and Sybaris, incuses Didrachmon &, ßV, Dreiftiss 9P0 Bf. Stier to the right, below VM; similar, but without that Inscription from Sybaris depicted in Luynes' Choix.

216 ^ ▼• Bailei.

Pandosia Didrachmon M. 5 PANDOM^A female head in the wreath on the right H/l KPAO^M, the standing river god Crathis to the left. Didrachmon M, 6 of very beautiful style: Hera head from from. H/l Seated fan to the left, in front of him Herme, at her Pillar MAAYZ (?) says that you are definitely for one Can keep artist name. But how uncertain this reading is, proves the fact that according to the two before me Illustrations of the same copy - - in the Gatalog and in the Nnmis- matic chronicle — once MAAY . ., read from top to bottom, once but MAAYZ read from bottom to top, on the Herme stands.

Bhegium, tetradrachm by the artist Cratesippus.

The rare ancient didrachm with MEP, standing Bacchus R/l grape, a nice specimen. — In the appendix there is a noteworthy dignified Etruscan with bull's head, inscription OEXUE {^eCis) Hf. Seahorse to the right. Si, 5.

^ The usefulness of the catalog is demonstrated by several tables and directories increased; The last place is the forgiveness the artist name, but that is not enough and in several places would have to be changed. APTEMI, TNAIOY, ÄIO- ANOYZ, PAPME, all official names from Naples. Up the Metapontine coin is POAY instead of FlOA, AFIOA (l^noJU iU»v, GK)ttername) instead of ZPAY. TPO in Metapontum and XAPIAEil in Naples are official names.

Instead of KPATHZinnOZ is KPATHZIPPO (Rhegium) n put. The very dubious inscription MAAYZ on the first Didrachmon of Pandosia believed with full justification have found their place in the directory of artist names.

The second volume of the catalog, which we hope will be published, As we can expect soon, the coins of Sicily will be hold. A comprehensive description of Sicilian coins is all the more necessary as Torremuzza is very outdated and Sa- Linas' work progresses very slowly

Dr. A.V. SalleL

Silver Finze of Tiryns.

In the 13th volume of the Annals of the Roman Institute (1842) p. 139

The Duke of Luynes describes a silver medal from his collection:

tSte de femme, peat-6tre de Diane, k droite

—TP i?/r f- < palmier. ar [lYg] frost.

According to the accompanying illustration; Monumenti J. IH t 35 there can be no doubt about it; that here is a silver coin from Tiryns, which comes in types - the head is the one of the youthful Apollo - like writing with those at the beginning of the Copper coins from this city found in Argolis in the 1960s; which Courtois Revue Num. 1864 p. 186 fcf. esp. n. 5). has made; exactly matches Luynes, as the ancient borrowed form of the no longer completely clear B or 1^ with the The style that belonged to a perfect art did not seem to fit, became questionable at a reading TIRYN; and had Kwt^ believed to have to be read as the beginning of the name Kwrlvtov; for which form he relies solely on one already written by Wesseling in that correct Kwh^tav improved reading of a manuscript by Diodorus (IV 67).

Regarding the origin of these coins, the opinion of the those; which in them are just commemorative coins of the old days Tiryns (comme simple souvenir historique: Courtois); which would have been coined by the Argives, in any case assign. Because Courtois were already interested in copper coins Type of Apollo head 10 varieties known; all of the same size ly, — 3 mionnets; Then there was the one from the collection Prokesch R. N. 1865 p. 153 n. 1 (with illustration) edited type of the with the head of Heracles covered with lion skin to the right (ae 4);

218 Ä- ^«ii-

Ä/! Palme T/1, of a somewhat more raw style than the previous ones, and finally the silver coin. There is therefore an imprint that is necessary This lasted for some time Old Tiryns is around 463 BC. destroyed, and its inhabitants from the Argive democracy partly to Synoikismos according to Aigos were forced, some of them settled in Halieis (Steph. Byz. s. V., Her. Vn 137) settled in the area of Hennione If Nevertheless, at Skylax 49 Tiryns, which belonged to the territory of Argos is expected to be mentioned around the middle of the 4th century, It cannot be concluded from this that the same thing happened back then really differed a lot from a fishing village. This new Tiryns, for whose existence the present series of coins is responsible The only reliable testimonial may be someone in AigOB constitutional change that took place, in which oligarchs to the Government came, owes its origin from the passing ongoing constitutional change Ol. 90, 3; 418 apart (Thnk.V81f.X There will be an aristocratic government in Argos only after the end mentioned during the Lamic War (Diod. XVIII 57). May this- have now kept the same despite Polysperchon's liberation edict, or may repeated changes of government during the Diadochi period fighting may have occurred, this much is certain that in 272 an oligarch Chinese party appears which opposes Antigonus Gh)nata8 Pyrrhus supports (Plut. Pyrrh. 30 f.). This era corresponds also the style of the Tirynthian coins. Following on from the tradition ditions of old Tiryns, New Tiryns imitated in its coin legends the letterforms of the 5th century. A part However, the copper coins, free from this archaism, offer the usual publications T/IP R. N. 1865 p. 153 n. 3, TIPYN- OlfiN R. N. 1864 p. 186 n. 7. 8. By the way, the new city seems to judging by their coins, of little importance, ond their independence appears to have been short-lived. pan sanias (ü 25, 8) knows nothing about her; he has from Tiryns nr still seen the old Cyclopean walls.

R. Weil.

Jewish rebellion coins from the time of Nero*

and Hadrian's.

I

The so-called Anfstandsminzen of the Jews are now generally partly due to the revolt at the time of Nero, which occurred in Years 66 AD began and, as is well known, in 70 AD by the The capture and destruction of Jerusalem came to an end, in part the revolt at the time of Hadrian, which was led by Bar- eochba's according to the usual assumption') three and a half Year lasted (v. 132 - 135 AD), assigned. Which of the But the coins mentioned belong to the first, which to the second rebellion to be attributed is a question about which the views are still being discussed diverge widely.

De Saulcy*) and after him Gavedoni') have only the ano- nymen copper coins with the inscription ^VS miH “of freedom Zion's" and the indication of two years ü^rW nJKT and KTiSkt nJKT "the second" and "third year" of the first uprising; then against all silver and copper coins with the dates:

htntr rh^ih nn» natsf, h^mr irh 2W, and uhwyr nrrh

^) J. Derenbourg's essay on rhistoire and geography of the Palestine P. I p. 415.

*) right. num. jud. p. 154.

*) Bibl. Numismatics (German edition) II p. 54.

220 ^ MenVaeher

without considering the different names that come with it The main side of the coins can be read, the second step is placed.

Levy^) and after him Madden*), who then expressed themselves Reichardt^) also Gavedoni in his more recent publications*) closed, gave rise to the first uprising alongside that of de Sanlcy All the coins allocated also include all silver and coins that have not been over-stamped Copper coins assigned by the latter to the second uprising and thus came to the following classification:

I. Uprising.

A. Eleazar.

1. Silver coins (denarii) with the date nii^jh lYttC nS9 hKlt!^ d. h. “first year of the liberation of Israel^ and the name plDH myS« “Eleazar the priest*”,

2. Copper coins with the same inscriptions, to be allocated to the Priest Eleazar ben Simon, who lived in the L year of this rebellion (66 AD) played a major role in the battles against the Romans played as leader of the Zealots,

3. Silver coins (tetradrachms) with the same date, but with the inscription dSk^IT "Jerusalem", after Levy*) dated Synhedrium or coined by Eleazar the priest

B.Simon.

1. Silver coins (both denarii and tetradrachms) with the Names ][iyOtS^ and the dates htOlEP HtH DUf d. \l "Year II of the Freedom (tH abbreviated for rVrrh) of Israel," or ühnnV r\Vth d. h. "Freedom of Jerusalem"

1) Jfld. coin P. 88ff:

*) Jew. coin. p. 161 ff.

*) Nam. chron. 1864 p. 179 but with some reservations

*) Nuovi studi p. 2open; le principali qaeationi p. 18 ff.

») Jtd. Mfinz. pp. 91 and 120.

Jewish attacks at the time of Nero'a and Hadrian. 221

2. Eupfentnzen with the same beginnings, struck by Simon ben Gioras, a leader of the insurgents of that era; as Levy suspected,

3. Copper coins with the designation dSk^IT and the same Dates from the same authority in the previous year tetradrachms were minted, issued').

G. Simon, Prince Isra^Fs.

Copper coins with the date grouped under A Coins, but with the inscription of the main page ^^fifS pyOtS^ haier “Simon Nesi Israel” d. h. "Simon, Prince Isra^Fs", after Levy Simon ben Gamaliel, the synhedral president at the time of first uprising.

D. Anonymous

Coins that were already made by de Saulcy (see above p. 219) this Epoch were assigned, formative authority presumably that Synhedria.

according to Ao&tand.

AUe those Jewish coins which have either traces earlier Trajanic or Hadrianic character is clearly visible let us know, or even as being overprinted on Roman coins can be viewed, d. h. according to what is available so far Material coins with the designation pVDtS^ and the date DTBm^minh and a few with the same name and the date h^^ldT tH DKT.

However, the objections raised against this division have gradually found favor*) and finally

') The SUber coins with the same denomination and the same data were not classified, although both de Saulcy (rech. num. jud. p. 159) and de Vo- gfiö (Rev. num 1860 p. 287 note) and Qaeipo (syst metr. I p. 551 cf. 6ar- ntcci diss. arch. II p. 34 Note 2) mentioned tetradrachms of this type.

>) Reichardt Nam. honor. 1864 p. 179; de Saulcy Rev. num. 1864 p. 395; Giotefend year for friends of antiquity in the Rhine! 1866 p. 294.

222 ^ MenlNtclier

Madden') let himself be determined, according to Oarrnccf's Voi^ang') little- at least partially adopt the following arrangement:

I. Uprising

1. Coins Eleazar, the priest, = Eleazar ben Simon (above A. 1 and 2),

2. Jerusalem coins with the date rn^yj HTW HSC^ hKIKT"^ (above A. 3),

3. To allocate Simon coins with the title hhniS^ ^JffSy Simon ben Gamaliel (above C.)}

4. Anonymous coins with those expressed in words Years (above D.).

n. uprising

All coins with the data bxiBn tH DBT and nmS üh^yv, regardless of whether they are overprinted or not overprinted (above B. and above uprising).

Garrucci') also wants to za- written coins with y3"W n3Kr and p-^ü nhxsS i.e. with the date “fourth year” of the “liberation of Zion” the first day* status assignedU; Madden alone shows this with good reasons^) back by sticking to the old allocation in this regard. De Saulcy believes that he should be allowed to keep it^), but he also continued to insist on his old hypotheses and only appears to be in one generosity by admitting that Garrucci Simon's, The euphoria agreed upon with the Maccabee not at the same time*)

1) Number chroD. 1866 p. 64.

*) diaaertazioni archeologiche dl vario argomento (Roma 1865) vol IL p. 31 ff.

*) Slides. arch. II p. 38.

*) Numerical chron. 1866 p. 54ff.

•) Rev. num. 1864 p. 395 ff.; 1865 p. 29ff.; on the other hand Madden Num. efanm. 1865 p. 210ff.

*) I also believe I can agree with this view, without the positive 6arrucci*'s active claims must be approved. More details But this question I will present it elsewhere.

Various rebellion coins from the time of Nero and Hadrian. 223

are with the old shekels that he brought to the time of Alexander the Great or even in Ezra's^).

If one finds oneself in these visually wavering allotments, separate soU; you will have to answer the following questions have: 1) Are the reasons for the distribution of these coins in the time of the two uprisings is it valid? 2) What means We have ^ mn the coins of the two rebellions from each other divorce?

As far as the first question is concerned, I believe that one... ftlT all so-called rebellion coins with the exception of the ano- nymen copper coins with jVü m^PI find sufficient reasons can, which in the allocation is restricted to just that The two largest Jewish uprisings appear to be justified let. The anonymous copper coins differ, like deSaulcy already noticed'), very strong in style and type of inscriptions from the other rebellion coins and forms precisely this difference renz, if I'm not mistaken, one of the main reasons that de Saulcy not allow one to be convinced that some of him Coins assigned to Barcochba's time from the era of the first belong to class. But I am of the opinion that we will get through Don't let this difference stop you from coins to allocate the type mentioned to the first uprising, as the coins with p*^!! In my opinion, it is not necessarily assigned to this particular era must be done').

So after eliminating these temporarily un- identifiable coins are those that de Saulcy of the time cash- cochba's assigns. They differ in style and factory little from each other, as there are only a few differences in the types

1) Rev. arch. 1872 p. 2.

>) Rev. num. 1865 p. 32.

>) When these coins were minted remains the same as with them

»

The above-mentioned coins of the "fourth year" are an open question that requires requires special investigation.

226 ^ Menliacher

Madden^) and Levy*) have been proven and who the Gleschicht of those two men, one of whom, it is said, particularly marked by piety'), the other in this At that time he was still an underage child*), the rejection of the Hypothesis can only join.

But there is another reason for this, which comes from the coins itself results Apart from the fact that such an abundant coinage coinage - as it was accepted after de Saulcy's allocation *). would have to be - in such a short revolutionary period as this of Barcochba, would be most striking'), give us the certain ones Barcochba coins themselves provide a means of getting the bags the I. and U. groups to separate from them. You wear it as described already mentioned, just the very general air information without Years ohtJ^IT mPlh “of the freedom of Jerusalem”, which But coins of Eleazar, the similar ones of Simon, with and without titles and most of them are called "Jerusalem" by the name QltS^lT. Net coins show years with a different meaning called Aera "first year" or "year 11" "of liberation" or “Freedom of Israel”. The coins themselves testify that they belong to a different era^). This era was not one other than that of the so-called first uprising of the Jews at the time of Nero.

The history of this uprising teaches us that the main people who met the same in the first year (66 AD)*), where &

Honor number. 1865 p. 212.

>) Numerical chron. 1865 p. 346.

s) Midrash on Echa II, 2; j. Ta'anit IV, 5; Grätz business d. Jnd. IV p. 175; Derenbourg a. a. 0. p. 433.

*) Grätz a. a. 0. p. 528 after j. Ta'anit IV, 5; Sota 49 b; Baba kama 83 a.

') Bev. num. 1864 p. 395.

*) Reichardt Num. chron. 1864 p. 179; Grotefend year b.d. Ver. f. After- thmafr. in the Rhineland. 1866 p. 294.

') Accordingly, the erroneous information is in Derenbouig a. a. 0. p. 424 note 1 to be corrected.

*) According to the conventional chronology, this year corresponds exactly the period from May 66 to April 67. see Madden Nam. chron. 1866 p. 38 and 64.

Jewish Aofitandsrnüxusen at the time of Nero and Hftdrian. 227

the happiest was, there were just two men whose Names with those mentioned at the beginning of our coins are completely tune in. So it's hard to make a mistake if you do that Identity of these two men with those mentioned on the coins anninuni

Eleazar ben Ananias - that was the name of one of them - was Temjielhanptmann at the outbreak of the uprising ^) and, how one can claim that at least in the beginning the soul of the re- volation party. It was he who gave the signal for the uprising that he persuaded the priests under his supervision to to stop the daily sacrifice for the Emperor Nero*). It is So it's not at all unlikely that he, too, has it of the temple treasury ^), his name on the first silver coins At this time^), which also spread the rebellion against Rome to the outside world should show.

At the same time as Eleazar ben Ananias there lived a Simon who... Simon ben had the right to use the title K^tS^J “Prince^”. GamalieP). He, who was at the head of what was then a new political

^) Jos. B. J. U, 17, 2. Perhaps, as Ewald wants, to identify with Eleazar ben Simon (History of the People of Israel VI p. 698 A. 1).

*) Jos. a. a. 0. says that some of the Zealots or Sicarians had Masada occupied about the same time as King Agprippa IL, the head of the Peace party, which had been forced by a popular demonstration, to Jerusalem exit, and then continue:

*W^a &i xai xcera ro ifQoy *BliaCaQOS vlos *Avaviov tov aqx^Qitüg, vsavkct 9-QaavT(tTog, argar^ytSv red, rovg xarä t^v leergtlay linovgyovyjag äyaniiS'et fAfl^Bvog akXo

«) De Vogtt^ Rey. num. 1860 p. 280fr.; Madden Jew. coin. p. 161 £f.

*) According to tradition, the Nasi title in the Hfllers house was, whose descendant was Simon, hereditary. Sabbath 15 a.; Seder Tanaim ed.

228 ^ Menbaoher

Synhedriam's tical outflow stood ^), is with the "Simon, Prince of Israel," the coins can certainly be identified dtlrfen. If the title “Nasi” is on the coins with the Addition “IsraäP finds that the explanation for this lies in the politics Conditions of that time. Simon was the president supreme authority during the uprising also “Nesi IsraSl^*), Prince of the people of Israel. But that doesn't make him one wanted to usurp royal power, the fact proves that So far only Eapfer coins with this designation have been found mid In the first year of the uprising, probably only those from him were minted'), since next to him, as the coins show, not Eleazar ben Ananias alone, but also another authority under the name of the city “Jerusalem” in silver The following year saw the first uprising on the coins is denoted by the inscription hxiB^^ inb 3W, Si- mon, I suspect, same as the last-named authority the coinage continues, while the priest Eleazar - if from the If the corresponding coins are missing, a conclusion can be drawn may — set the same. However, how about this, as well as about the Aen-

Luzzatto p. 1 ; cf. Levy Jfid. Coin. P. 126. — dear d. Competens dflt Nasi 8. Fight in Franker's monthly magazine f. Gesch. n. science d. Judaism 1868 p. 20 open; 1854 p..99; J. Levy ibid 18&5 p. 341; — about the Qeachidite of the Patriarchate before Simon s. Griitz Gesch. d. Jnd. IIP p. 274 ff.

^) Grätz. a. a. IIP p. 354; Jos. vita 38, 89.

*) Juchasin ed. Amsterdam 48b. it even says of him:

That apart from this note we have no message to send us testified that Simon b. Gamaliel really flooded the title “Nesi Israel**, cannot invalidate the identification proposed here. From Sioion'i We know for sure that Gamaliel II's son had the title nNan'* Afaita Levy Jfld. Coin p. 126 note 1 Grätz a. a. 0. IV* p. 31.

*) Garracci diss. arch. II p. 37 wants to join the relationship of this Mfimsn do not connect with Simon; also Reichardt Nam. chron. 1864 p. 179 visually wavers; tfadden, on the other hand (Nam. chron. 1866 p. 47), supports the claims of Simon ben Gamaliel finds it very worthy of consideration.

Jewish uprisings from the time of Nero and Hadrian. 229

This can be seen in the inscriptions on the coins Don't decide without looking closer at the coins themselves enters

I will therefore provide a small selection below Coins that I have partly in impressions and partly in the original or have existed, and will follow up on this with some bring coins that have already been released to the discussion, which ones are suitable for the division of insurrection groups proposed here to illustrate mttnzen.

n.

First uprising. '

A. Eleazar, the priest.

1. yh »

m DT

n I on both sides of a palm tree. The inscription can be read: |J1Dn liyh» d. h. “Eleazar the priest^. Bf^ ^Itr nhxsh nnX naur y^E/reUe year of be- freiung leraeVa'' {^W^ abbreviated for Sk^KT''). grape with a vine leaf hanging down to the left.

M.4. In the Imperial Coin Cabinet in Vienna; similar Reichardt Num. chron. 1864 p. 179.

Except the type of copper coins of Eleazar described here can be found in various Sanmilungen coins that have this inscription containing the same letter with a different spelling division offer soon a) vh KT, soon b) mS Vr\

p "1D ro r\\

n

If spelled correctly, the inscription would have been as follows- masses must be arranged: y Sk

DPI -W

16

230 ^- Merebacher

But none of the coins I know show this order Eleazar^s. The Viennese example described above and the one similar ones, as well as the coins with the inscription a closest to her. There is only a small difference here shifting of letters took place; the position of the one but the individual letters are the regular d. h. the one which fttr the Hebrew script running from right to left is common

The copies marked b show one complete change by changing the direction from left to right consistent d. h. change the position of the letters accordingly changes is'). The strange phenomenon occurs: " the inscription on the back on all copies that I have up to could now investigate, is literally written This can serve as proof that we are not dealing with these coins to think of a type of ancient * Bustrophedon writing have, but rather to a faulty stamp, like him in the event of tumultuous minting of coins in an otherwise un- can easily result from a normal font.

The sometimes completely irregular shape and position of the Letters may be associated with the largely dormant experience keeping the known specimens has given rise to that, up to the very recent times, very unclear and fluctuating current views on the allocation and explanation of these coins had. Only after de Vogü6 (Rev. num. 1860 p. 282) the