The Ancient Coins of Italy — 1903

VI. — Uncertain (Acerra, Venafrum).

VII. — Coins with the legends ROMANO and ROMA*

Terracotta vase, found in Capua.

SUESSà

Suessa, in Greek Sde^aa and Soueaaa, was located between Lins and the Volturne, west of Teanum; she received the epithet Aurunca and Livy relates the tradition of the flight of the Aurunci to Suessa, event which explained this name. According to Livy, the Ro- Hands seized Suessa from Rome in 414 (340 BC)f after having defeated the Latin league in Tifane (1); they established a Tan colony of Rome 441 (313 BC) (2).

This city struck within a short time, probably during and shortly after the war against Pyrrhus, silver coins and of bronze.

The silver coins are didrachms of the Napoleonic system. litan; on one side they have a head of Apollo copied from coins of Crotone and on the other a victorious horseman, a desultor^ con- riding a second horse, distant reminiscence of the beautiful mon- naie tarentine k this same guy (3). In the exergue we read SVESANO which was taken for an abbreviation of Suesanôm for Suessano- rum (4), authorizing himself from the legend ROMANOM on the aes signatum from the beginning of the 3rd century. av. (Garrucci, pi. XXIII and XXIV, 1); but I prefer to see it as the ablative of the 2* declension. The ablative is common on Samnite and Campanian coins: Akudunniad is a feminine noun in the singular ablative, Fistluis is the plural ablative, similar to the Greek otç, and we will see that the osque Tianud corresponds to laying in Latin Tiano is also a singular ablative of the 2^ declension.

1. Book. VIII, 11.

2. Plin. m, IX. 11; Liy. IX, 28; XXVII, 9; XXIX, 15; Vell. Paterc., ï, 14; Fron- tin, De coL, p. 237.

3. Evans, Horsemen of Tannium, pi, III, no. 7.

4. Laitzi^ II, 600-513. Mommsen apud Fiorelli, Ann» di Num.j I, 38; Aufrecht and Kirchhof, I, 52; 11.83.

346 suE8Sà

Akudunniad, AQVINO, ARIMNO, Beneventod, CAIATINO, CA- PÉNO, ROMANO, SVESANO, Tianud and TIANO would indicate therefore all the name of the city or the people in tablative singular, and for the inscriptions CaialinOf Caleno^ Romano, Suesano, it is necessary imply a populo.

Bronze coinage is more abundant; it is divided into two series, like that of Aesernia, one having types which are specific to Suessa, the other having types common to Naples and other Campanian towns.

The local type offers on one side a head of Mercury and the legend probom, in which Garrucci (1) sees the indication of a control metal: probum {aes^ metallum), and on the reverse Hercules suffocating the lion and the legend SVESANO* The reverse type is modeled on that of the coins of Heraclea; we find it on the deniers ro- hands of C. Poblicius Q. f. The head of Mercury testifies to tra- Latin editions.

The legends ARBOVM, PIKEOVM, PROROM and AAOÎTAÎ which are found in the collections of Pellerin, Hunter, Eckhel and Carelli are erroneous; you must read PRBOVM and PROBOM-

The types referring to monetary conventions are:

1* On one side a head of Pallas, as on the coins at the legend ROMANOi and on the other a rooster like on the trioboles minted in Naples around 282 BC. J.-G. This type is that of the cities which had periodic markets {nundinae) on the main roads trade between Campania, Lazio and Samnium.

2^ On one side a head of Apollo, on the other the androceus bull- phale crowned by Victory; he's the Neapolitan type of the years 270-240 BC J.-G., and he ensured the circulation of coins of Suessa in various markets of Lazio, Samnium, Apulia and Campania. The series of the aes serious to the types of the head of Apollo and those of the Dioscuri offer great analogies with the coins of Suessa; some coins with legend ROMA also seem to be modeled on the Suessa coins.

- i. Italia antica^ p. 18.

8UBSSA 347

SILVER COINS

(Circa 280-268 BC)

852. — Laureate head of Apollo to the right. ; behind, donkey lyre,

1^ Rider (desultor), the naked body^ wearing the piloSy leading a second horse towards the left. ; he holds with his left hand. a palm decorated with a strip {lemniskos); in Texergue,

SVESANO. Didrachma (charming work, abundant emission).

S.^. 25-50.

C. of Berlin (1), 7 gr. 31. — C. of London (lined), 6 gr. 33. -^ C. of Naples (1300) and Coll. Santangelo (1372-73). — Carelli, LXIV, 6; DNA. (6), 3 gr..74. - C. of France (939), 6 gr. 95; (940) 7 gr. 22.

853” — Same types; behind the head, triquetre (charming work).

A5-« (PI. V). 30-60.

C. of Berlin (2), 6 gr. 82. — C. of London (1), 6 gr. 82. — Coll. Mad- dalena. — C of Milan. — Carelli, LXIV, 7; DNA, (7), 7 gr. 23. — C of France (Luynes 232).

854. — Same types; behind the head, a crescent,

^ Register ^VE^ANO (addition of neglected work). R.^ t/2. 30-60. c. of Berlin (3), 6 gr. 78. — Coll. Santangelo (1369). — Carelli, LXIV, 2.

855. — Same types; behind the table, a trident head,

^ iSVE^ANO (summary work). A^-S i/3. 30-60.

C. of Berlin (4), 7 gr. 19.

856. — Same types; behind the head, an ear of corn,

i SVESANO. At 5-5 1/î. 30-60.

C. of Berlin (5.S 7 gr. 21. — C. of London (8).

857. — Same types; behind the head, a pentagon, A 5-5 i/î^ 30—60.

C. of Berlin (6), 7 gr. 05. — C. of Naples (Coll. Santangelo, 1371). — Carelli, LXIV, 10.

858. — Same types; behind the head, a shield. iSL5-5 l/«, 30—60.

C. of London (5), 7 gr. 23. — Carelli, LXIV, 3; DNA. (3), 6 gr. 92.

348 8UBS8A

f

859. — > Same types; behind the head, a Macedonian helmet,

At 5-5 “/“. 30-60. C. of London (6). — Ctrelli, DNA, (8), 7 gr. 18.

860. — Same types; behind the head, an owl, A 5-5 1/2. 30—60.

CarelU, LXIV, 9.

861. — Same types; behind the head, a lion's muzzle,

A5.5I/Î. 30-60. Garelli, LXIV, 8.

862. — Same types; behind the head, a tripod. Fk^^ «/*. 30—60.

Coll. Sambon.

863. — Same types; behind the head, a spearhead or a leaf,

iSL5-5i/î. 30-60. C. of France (Luynes).

864. — Same types; behind his head, a trophy. At 5-5 1/2, 30—60.

C. of Naples (1297-99) and Coll. SanUngelo (1370). — Carelli, LXIV, 1; DNA, (1 and 2), 7 gr. 18 and 6 gr. 56.

865. — Same types; behind the head, a thunderbolt,

i^ Horses trotting. 7015-5 1/2. 30—60.

C. of London (3), 7 gr. 28 (4) thicket, inscr. SVESAMO [sic). — Coll. SanUngelo (1368). — Carelli, LXIV, 4, Adn. (4), 7 gr. 18.

866. — Same types; behind the head, a star with eight rays,

iÇL5-5 1/2. 30-60. C. of London, 7.

867. — Same types; behind the head, a wing,

¥| Incus; same type as Tavers due to the negligence of the coiner.

At 5-5 1/2. 30-W. C. of France (941), 6 gr. 95. — Compare the style of this piece with the didrachms with the legend ROM A*

867 6i*. — Same types; behind the head, a shell (pecten). C. of Naples (Santangelo), 1374-75.

SUESSA 319

868. — Laare head of Apollo on the left; behind, a vase with two

handles. ^ Rider (desultor) leading a second train towards the

left and holding a palm decorated with strips; to

the exergue, S VESANÔ. Didrachma. R.^ V2. 50—450.

G. of France (942), 7 gr. 10.

869. Same types; behind the head, a helmet (?). At 5-» «/2. 50—150.

G. of Naples (1296). — Garelli, LXIV, 5; DNA,, 6 gr. 67.

350 8UESSA

r I

BRONZE COINS

I. — Local type. a) Head of Mercore. ^ Hercole ëtouffaot the lion.

(Circa 280 BC)

870. — Head of Mercury left, wearing the winged petasus, with bridle tied under the chin; in front of PltKOVM; behind, what- sometimes, a dolphin. Granite.

^ Hercules standing almost face on (head and chest to the right), stifling the distance; in the field, between her legs^ club; on the left, the legend, ^VE5AN0* Grènetis.

Litra(?). &*-\ 8—15.

C. of Berlin (T À 10), 5 gr. 47; 8 gr. 42; 7 gr. 73; 7 gr. 06. —C. of London (22). - G. of Naples (1301 and 1302, ^ ...VESVNO (“c) and Coll. Sante Dgelo (1377-82). - C. of France (954), 7 gr. 82. — Hole- value of Pietrabbondante, 7 gr. 46. — Carelii, LXV, 17, 18 and 21; DNA, (19), 7 gr. 33.

871

871. -* Same types; but different style. Register PROKOM or

PROBOM. ^ SVESANO. JE 4 and 4 i/t4J. 8-15.

c. from Berlin (11 and 12), 6 gr. 31; 8 gr. 04. — C. of London (18). - C. of France (952 and 953), 7 gr. 20 and 7 gr. 70. - Coll. Sanlangelo (1383). — Carelii, LXV, 20; DNA., ;..OBVM, 6 gr. 21. Carelli also gives the drawing a coin with the legend PROBOVM; I never saw this piece.

872. — Same types; leg., PR^OM. I*-”. 8-15.

C. of Naples (1303). — C. de France (Luynes).

suESSÂ 351

II. — Campanian types. a) Head of PallaB. t( Rooster (Circa 270 BC).

873. — Head of Pallas on the left with Corinthian helmet with egret.

Granite. i( Rooster on the right; behind, a star with eight rays; in front, SVE-

SANO. Granite. Litra(?). iB*^«2. 0.50—1.

C. of Berlin (25 and 26), 7 gr. 99; 7 gr. 11 and (27-28) 5 gr. 62; 5 gr. 27.

— G. of Naples (1314-24) and Coll. Santangelo (1399<412). — G. of France (Luynes). — TroQTaiile de Pietrabbondante, 6 gr. 52; 6 gr. 81; 6 gr. 34; 5*gr. 64; 4 gr. 41. — Carelli, LXV, 23; DNA. (25-29), 6 gr. 41; 5 gr. 28; 4gr. 51;6gr. 67;4gr. 26.

874. •— Same types, but different style; the helmet shell is

decorated with a snake. &^ */*. 0.50—2.

G. of Berlin (29-31, 4 gr. 99; 3 gr. 97; 4 gr. 12. — G. of London (16).

— G. of Naples. — C. of France (950), 5 gr. 30.

875. — Same types; behind the head, a club, I. 4-4 1/2, 0.50—3.

G. of Naples (1325) and Goll. Santangelo (1413).

876. — Same types, summary style; au ^, in front of the rooster, •••E^ANU

(sic). I. 3-4. 1—3.

G. of Berlin (3), 4 gr. 23.

b) Head of Apollo. i{ Androcephalous bull crowned by Victory (Circa 260-240 BC).

877. — Laureate head of Apollo on the left; behind, a thunderbolt; of-

before, SVESANO or $VE^ANO (2). f( Androcephalous bull to the right; head facing, crowned by

Victory hovering in the air; between the legs of

bull, N* Litra(?). JB*-**/”. 1—3.

Garell, LXV, 14; DNA. (li), 5 gr. 90. — (2) Coll. Sambon, 6 gr. 49.

878. -* Same types; behind the head, K; at i{, under the bull, |Z.

iE 4^ 1/2. 1-3.

G. of France (949), 8 gr. 90. — TrouTaille of Pietrabbondante, 6 gr. 13.

— GareUi, LXV, 1; DNA. (9 and 10), 6 gr. 72 and 6 gr. 77.

352

8UESSA

879. — Same type and leg. ; behind the head, M; aa i|, P.

I 4^ 1/2. 1-3. C. of London (9).

880. — Same types; au ^, under the bull, M* &*-* ^/^. 1—3.

C. of Berlin (it), 5 gr. 89.

881. — Same types; behind the head, N; at i^, under the bull, M (i)

or N (2) or P (3) or II (4). & *-* «/«. 1-3.

(4) C. of Berlin (17), 5 gr. 89. — (2) G. of Berlin (13), 6 gr. 50. —

(3) G. of Naples (1313). — G. of Berlin (14), 5 gr. 42. - GoU. Santangelo (1396-1397). — Garelli, DNA, (12-14), 5 gr. 74; 5 gr. 80; 6 gr. 46. —

(4) GarelU, DNA. (15), 6 gr. 41. — C. of London (11). — G. of Naples (1311-12). — . G. of France (948), 7 gr. 25. — Trouraille de Pielrabbon- dante, 7 gr. 49; 7 gr. 27; 6 gr. 60.

882. — Same types; behind the head, O; there, under the bull, a

pentagon. -ffi.4-4 i/î. 1—3.

C. of Naples (Goll. Santangelo), 1398.

883. — Same types; behind the head, T; at l^, under the bull, |2.

JE4^1/î. 1-3.

Find of Pietrabbondante, 6 gr. 07 and 7 gr. 49. — Garelli, LXV, 13 (nothing sounds bull), DNA. (16), 7 gr. 18.

884; — Laureate head of Apollo on the left (without inscription); often behind, O or hook. Granite. ij Androcephalous bull to the right, head facing, crowned by

Victory; in the exergue, SVESANO* Litra(?). . I*^*/«. 0.50—2.

C. of Berlin (19-23), 6 gr. 16; 5 gr. 66; 5 gr. 99; 6 gr. 13; 5 gr. 74.

— C. of London (14 and 15). — C. of Naples (1304-10) and Coll. San- tangelo (1384-94). — C. of France (943 and 944), 5 gr. 45 and 5 gr. 80.

- CarelU, LXV, 15 and 16; DNA, (17 and 18), 5 gr. 85; 6 gr. 15.

Campanian ace of the 3rd century BC. J.-G.

WEDGES

The ancients attributed a very distant origin to the Ausonians and legendary. Festus (1) tells us: Ausoniam appellavit Auson UlixU et Calypsus filius eam primam partem Italiae, in qua sunt urbes Beneventum and Cales,., a quo conditam futisse Auruncam urbem Eliam Ferunt, and Mommsen thinks that during the founding of Cumae, an Italic and probably Latin branch, the Au- sones, held Gampania.

Cales (Calenum — Cales — KaXîjç) was, in the 4th century BC, the principal city of the Ausones; the Romans seized it in 335 BC AD, and the city was then in a very flourishing state, because Livy tells us: praeda capta ingens est (2); Next year, According to Livy, a colony of 2,500 men was sent there. Rome used Cales to contain the turbulence of the Sidicines, but this town located on via Latina, between Teanum and Casilinum, was also an important landmark for trade which, from Campania, debouched into Latium, and either through its industries and its commerce, or by the great fertility of its neighboring territory of the famous “Falemus ager”, Cales continued to prosper under Roman jurisdiction. She made utensils agricultural siles (3) and pottery with reliefs and glossy black varnish, decorated by the Canulei, the Atilii and the Gabinii, precursors skillful potters from Airetium; these earthen products that we desire born by the name of Calenae^ were not to be neglected among this elegant campana supellex or trulla campanà celebrated by Horace (4).

the p. p. 18.

2. Ut. VIII, 16—Vell., 1, 14-Act. Triumpti cap. ad., 335 a. c.

3. Cato de agric, 135.

4. Sat., I, 6, 118-11, 3, 144.

“H

354 WEDGES

The coinage of Cales is certainly not earlier than the year 280 BC AD We found, two years ago, a small deposit of mon- nests of Naples and Cales which seem to have been buried around 270 av. AD, and in which the pieces of Cales were flush with the corners, while the coins of Naples, No. 504, were already a little tired. The head of Pallas on the silver coins seems co- copied from that of the golden staters of Pyrrhus, probably struck in Syracuse around 276 BC. AD; we can compare the bige to that which can be seen on the Canulei relief hooks and on a vase Campanian of the Coll. Canessa. Garrucci believes that the currencies of bronze are older than those in silver, because on the first bottom we always find the P at an acute angle, while on the se- condes we see the p media forma; but one should not trust too much this distinction. The shape of the O if greater importance and Dressel (1) points out that bronze coins of the type rooster, often have open 1*0 and rarely closed O; while those of the bull type rarely have the O open and almost always the O closed. Garrucci also mentions a reprint having the Greek name KAAE (pl«LXXX, 30) which is unknown to me. From the rest I have already warned against reading Garrucci.

The Latin inscription CAPENO is generally interpreted as genitive plural: Caleno for Calenôm, Calenorum (2), but I prefers to see it as ablative; because it seems difficult to me to register them similar and almost contemporary tions of Akudunniad, Aquino, Arimno, Beneventod^ Caiatino, Caleno, Romano, Suesano, Tianud and Tiano, to consider them sometimes as genitives, sometimes like ablatives.

Bronze coinage bears the two types which, by one monetary convention, were accredited in Lazio and in the Samnium: the one with the head of Pallas and the rooster; ^ the one at head of Apollo and the androcephalic bull crowned by the Vic- tory.

Coinage of the rooster type was probably widespread and imitated in Gaul (See Blanchet, Treatise on Gallic Coins^ p. 192).

i. Cat. Berlin, I, III, p. 78.

2. Mommsen apad Fioreili, Ann, di Num., l, p. 37.

GALES 8&â

SILVER COINS

(Circa 280—268 BC)

885. — Head of Pallas on the left, wearing a Corinthian helmet

crested and adorned with jewels; behind the head, an owl;

the helmet is decorated with side egrets fixed with a

snake-shaped ornament. ^ Victory leading a bige to the left; she holds

hand l. lifted the guides, and with the right hand. lowered, the whip.

In the exergue, CAPENO- Didrachma. iÇL* 4/2-5. 25—40.

C. of Berlîa (3), 7 gr. 12.

886. — Same types; behind the head, a cornucopia; on the

helmet, side egrets, A* i/2-5. 25—40,

G. of London, 7 gr. 30. — C. of Glasgow (i), 7 gr. 26. - Carelli, LXVII, 5.

887. — Same types; on the helmet cap, a griffin; behind the

head, a pentagon; under the neck, the letter B« A* 4/*-5. 25—40, Goll. Sarabon.

888. — Head of Pallas to the right, wearing a Corinthian helmet; on

the cap of the helmet, a griffin; behind the head, a gou- vernail. v{ Victory guiding a bige towards the right. ; in the exergue, CAPENO* Didrachma. i5L* »/*^. 30—50.

G. of Berlin (12), 6 gr. 79.

889. — Head of Pallas on the left, wearing a Corinthian helmet

and often adorned with jewelry, i^ Victory leading a bige to the left; she holds the hand guides g. lowered, and the whip of the right hand. lifted. Didrachma. HAS*. 15—30.

G. of Berlin (l), 6 gr. 97. — C. of France, 7 gr. 18.

25

356

WEDGES

890. — Same types; behind the telephone, ud cantkare; on the cap of helmet, a snake, R. 5. 15 — 30.

G. of London (2), 7 gr. 32. — G. of Berlin (2), 7 gr. 32.

891. — Same types; behind his head, a trophy. Goll. Sambon.

At 5.15-30.

892. — Same types; behind the head, a palmette on the crown of the

helmet, a branch. i&'. 15 — SO.

G. of Glasgow (6), 7 gr. 26.

893. ^- Same types; behind the head, a club \ under the neck, fj on

the crown of the helmet, a snake. R<^, 15—30.

Garelli, LXVII, 3; DNA., 6 gr. 92. - G. of Naples ^792-3) and GoU. San- tengelo (640-43). — G. de Franco (562), 7 gr. 30.

894. — Same types; under the neck, E; behind the head, a club on

the crown of the helmet, a snake. /EL^. 15 — 30.

G. of London (12) thicket.

895. — Head of Pallas on the right, wearing a corinlhieu helmet

and often adorned with jewelry; behind the head, a wing on the helmet, a pentagon and a laurel wreath; under the neck, letter erased.

v{ Victory leading a bige to the left; she holds hand dr. raised, the whip, and with the left hand lowered, the guides. In the exergue, CAI^ENO or CALENO*

Didrachma. iïL * V2-3. 15-25.

C. of Naples (Santangelo, 654). —Goll. Sambon.

896. — Same types; behind the head, a bipinna; on the cap of

helmet, a pentagon, R< '. 15 — 25.

G. of Glasgow (5), 6 gr. 90. — Goll. Santangelo, 649. — Gapelll, Adn. (10 and 11), 7 gr. 44 and 6 gr. 82. — C. of France (567), 7 gr. 15 and Luynes (157), 7 gr. 40.

GALES 357

897. — Same types; behind the head, a wing; on the helmet shell,

a snake E; under the neck, sometimes, H* R<^'^ ^1*, 15 — 25.

G. of London (4 and 5), 7 gr. 14 and 1 gr. 30. — Garelli, Adn. (6), 7 gr. 33. — G. of Berlin (8), 7 gr. 18. — G. of France, 7 gr. 25 and Luynes, 7 gr. 33.

898. — Typical meoaes; behind the head, a thunderbolt; on the cap of the

helmet, a snake, iSLS. 15—25.

Goll. Santangelo (650-51). — G. of France (564), 7 gr. 22.

899. — Same types; behind the head, a tripod; on the cap of

helmet, a griffin, iô.5, 15—25.

Garelli, LXVIl, 8; DNA (9), 7 gr. 39. — G. of Berlin (1), 7 gr. 24. — G. of London (9), 7 gr. 10. — G. of France (566), 7 gr. 16,

900. — Same types; behind the head, a cornucopia; on the

helmet cap, a griffin (or dolphin) R,^. 15—25.

Garelli, LXVII, i3; DNA. (5), 7 gr. 23.

901. — Same types; behind the head, a laurel branch; on the

helmet, palmette. A” (PI. V). 15—25.

G. d^ Naples (799) and Goll. SanUugelo (653). - Garelli, DNA. (7 and 8),

6 gr. 82 and 7 gr. 18. — Goll. Sambon.

902. — Same types; behind the head, a snake; on the cap of

helmet, one wing, A', 15—25.

G. of London (7), 7 gr. 30. — G. of France (571), 7 gr. iS.

903. — Same types; behind the head, a sword in its sheath,

A”. 15-25. G. of London (6), 7 gr. 16. — G. of Glasgow (3.\ 6 gr. 93. — G. of Naples (797).

904. — Same types; behind the head, a flap, A* 15 — 25. ^ G. of Naples (798).

90.5. — Same types; behind the head, a club. A*. 15—25.

C. of London (8), 7 gr. 06. — Goll. SanUngelo (635). — Garelli, Adn. (2),

7 gr. 18.

906. — Same types; behind the lote, an arch. JS.5. 15—25.

Goll. Sambon.

907. — Same types; behind the head, a helmet; sometimes, on the

helmet cap, a star. A^- 15—25.

G. of Berlin (4), 7 gr. 09. — Garelli, Adn. (4), 7 gr. 33.

358 WEDGES

908. — Same types; behind the head, we have an Argive shield, R<^. 15—25.

GoU. SanUngelo (647).

909. — Same types; behind the head, a Boeotian shield. R^^. 15—25.

Coll. S&Dtangelo (648).

910. — Same types; under the neck, Ai behind the head, a sword with

scabbard and baldric, A 5, 15—25.

C. of London (10), 7 gr. 29. — Coll. Santuigelo (644-5).

911. “— Same types; behind the head, a sword; on the helmet shell,

a snake.

C of France (Luynes, 156), 7 gr. 40.

912. — Same types; under the neck, And behind the head, a trident,

JSL. 15—25. Coll. Santangelo (652).

913. — Same types; behind the head, O; under the neck. H; on the cap

of the helmet, uae wing, A 5. 15—25.

Coll. Sambon, 7 gr. 30.

914. — Same types; behind the head, a spearhead; on the cap of

helmet, a crown; under the neck, ©. HAS*. 15 — 25.

C. of Naples (795-96). >- G. of France (565), 7 gr. 22. — C. of Berlin (11), 7 gr. 31.

915. — Same types; behind the head, a branch; on the cap of

helmet, a griffin; under the neck, N. -SI 5, 15 — 25.

G. of Berlin (11), 7 gr. 24.

There is a single silver coin of summary style with types following:

Head of Apollo (?) on the right. Granite.

i^ Rooster on the right. ; in front, APEMO; behind, star with eight rays. Granite. C. of Vienna.

Garracci suggests attributing this piece to the inhabitants of the Gaul Clvalpine. imitating Cales's cock plays.

WEDGES

359

BRONZE COINS

I. — Head of Pallas. ^ Rooster. (Circa 270 BC)

916. — Head of Pallas left, wearing a Corinthian helmet. Gre- netis.

i^ Rooster standing right. ; in front, CAPENO (a) or CAPENG (*) or CAPENO (c); behind, a star with eight rays. Granite.

Litra(?). I^ See. 0.50-2.

{a) C. of Berlin (14-19), 5 gr. 55; 5 gr. 74; 7 gr. 15; 7 gr. 06; 4 gr. 85; 6 gr. 90. — C. of France. — (6) C. of Berlin (13), 4 gr. 95. — C. of Naples et al. Santangelo. — C. de France et Coll. Luynes (185), 6 gir. 68. — C. of London. — (c) C. of Berlin (20-22), 7 gr.; 7 gr. 41; 6 gr. 20.

916 a

917. — Head of Pallas on the left, wearing a Corinthian helmet;

in front, CAPENO; behind, A or A.

^ Rooster standing right; behind, a star; in front, a cross health and A or A*

Litra(?). I.44 1/2. 8—15.

G. of Berlin (27), 5 gr. 30 (28 with A) » 5 gr. 68 (39); 5 gr. 62. — G. of Naples (Santangelo, 680-81). — C. of London (29). — Coll. Pbilipsen. — G. of France.

918. — Head of Pallas to the right.

i^ Rooster standing dexterously; in front, CAUSNO; behind, a star. Litra(?). i£*-*

G. of Naples (Coll. SanUngelo), 6 gr. 10.

360 WEDGES

II. — Tetc of Apollo. f{ Androcephalous bull.

a) Lyre type (Cfr. Naples, no. 637).

(Circa 280—268 BC)

919. — Télé d*ÂpolIon on the right; devaat, CAPENO* Granite.

^ Androcephalous bull on the right, head facing. Above, a

lyre; in Texergue, CAPENO. Litra(?). I*-^»-». 10—25.

C. of Berlia (30), 5 gr. 49. — C. of Naples (835).

920, — Head of Apollo on the right; in front of CAPE*-- ; behind a groyne. ^ Androcephalic bull on the left, head facing; above,

a lyre; below, a cornucopia; toTexergue A* Litra(?). A*^*/«. 10—20.

c. of Naples (834).

921. — Head of Apollo on the left; in front, CAPENO; behind, a

club, ^ Androcephalic bull on the right, head facing; above^

a lyre; in Texergue, CAPENo. Litra(?). ^I*«/*-5. 0.50—1.

C. of Glasgow (12), 6 gr. 44. *— Carelli, LXVII, 24. — f. by xNaples

(816).

922. — Same types; behind the head, a spearhead.

A4 1/2-5. 0.50-1. C. of Berlin (31), 6 gr. 25. — C. of Glasgow (13), 1 gr. 51. — Carelli, LXVII, 27.

923. — Same types; behind the head, a thunderbolt, on the ij, under the bull,

a star with eight rays. A* */*-5. 0.50—1.

C. of Glasgow (14), 5 gr. 60. - C. of Naples (815). — Carelli, LXVll, 17.

924. — Same types; behind the head, a flying stephanophore Victory

to the right. (2). I * «/*-5 (PI. V). 0.50-1.

Coll. Sambon, 7 gr. 05. — C. of Glasgow.

WEDGES 361

925. — Typical kids without a symbol behind their heads; at l^, under the tau-

reau, A. iE*i/i-5. 0.50-1.

Coll. Sambon.

926. — Same types; behind the head, an ear of corn; at ïj, under the bull, B»

I 4 ^/^5. 0.50—1. / G. of Berlin (32), 6 gr. 60. — G. of London (i7<. — G. of Naples (SaoUngelo, 688-89). — Garelli, LXVll, 19.

927. — Same types; behind the head, a helmet; at the ïj, under the bull,

r. A4i/2-5. 0.50—I.

Garelti, Adn., 16. — G. of France (580;, 7 gr. island.

928. — Same types; behind the head, a vase; to the i^, under the bull, f»

JE4l/^5. 0.50-1. G. of London (18). — Carelli, LXVII, 23.

929. — Same types; behind the head, a sword; at l^, under the bull,

A. R*

G. of Glasgow (11), 6 gr. 41.

930. — Same types; behind the head, a bunch of grapes; to l{, squs

the bull, A^ JE*

G. of Berlin (33), 6 gr. 61. — G. of London (19). — G. of Naples (818). — G. of France (583), 7 gr. 12

931. — Same types; behind the head, a cantharus; to the i^, under the tau-

reau, E. .fi4t/2-5. 0.50—1.

G. of Berlin (34), 7 gr. 25.

932. — Same types; behind the head, an uncertain symbol; at ij, under

the bull. H; " I* 1/2-5. 0.50— 1,

G. of Naples (819).

933. — Same types; behind the head, a snake; at ij, under the bull,

^' iE*i/M. 0.50-1.

G. of France (579), 6 gr. 88.

934. — Same types; behind the head, a helmet; at ij, under the bull,

="=• AL4 1/Î-5. 0.50— 1.

G. of London (15).

935. — Same types; behind the head, an amphora; at ij, under the tau-

water, |. JE4 1/2-5. 0.50-1.

G. of Naples (820).

936. — Same types; behind the head, a cantharus; at the FJ, under the tau-

water, |. iE 4 1/1-5. 0.50—1.

G. of Naples (82).

1

962 WEDGES

937. — Same types; behind the head, a laurel branch; at ij, under

the bull, 0. &A l/t-6. 0.50—1.

Ctrelli, LXVII, 22.

938. — Same types; behind the head, an uncertain symbol or A; i^Q ^f

under the bull, A. &* */*-«. 0.50—1.

C. of Berlin (38), 6 gr. 58. — C. of France (576), 6 gr. 76.x

939. — Same types; behind the head, A; at ^t under the bull, M-

A*i/«-5. 0.50-1. C. of Berlin (35), 6 gr. 85. — C. of Naples (822-23) and Coll. Saoltogelo (690). - C. of France (578).

940” — Same types; au ^, under the bull, P. A^ t/2-3. 0.50—1.

Coll. SamboD. — C. of France ^582), 6 gr. 08.

941. — Same types; behind the head, a helmet; at the i^, under the bull^

T. I*i/«. 0.50—i.

Carelli, LXVU, 18.

942. — ^ Same types; behind the head, a triquetre; to the i^, under the tau-

water. Y-A*

Carelli, LXVU, 21.

943. — Same types; behind the head, a cornucopia; to i^, under

the bull, Y- A 4 i/«. 0.50-1.

C. of Naples (824). — Coll. Sambon, 6 gr. 98.

944. — Head of Apollo on the left; in front, CAPENO; behind, a

snake. Grënelis. i^ (anepigraph) Androcephalous bull, to the right. head facing;

above, a lyre; under the bull, r* Lilra(î) (Very pretty style). I* «/". 0.50—1.

C. of Berlin (42), 7 gr. 43.

945. — Same types; behind the head, a rooster on the right. : at l{, under the tau-

reau, r. -ffi.^i/2-5. 0.50-1.

C. of Glasgow ^7), 7 gr. 41 (?).

946. — ​​Same types; behind the head, a bird; at ij, under the bull,

A. J£*i/«-5. 0.50-1.

C9LTem,DNA.{2\).

947. — Same types; behind the head, an apluster; at ij, under the bull »

E. I* «/2-5. 0.50-1,

C. of Glasgow (9), 6 gr. 35.

WEDGES 363

948. — Same types; behind the head, a helmet; at the i^, under the bull,

I. A*V2-s. 0.50—1.

G. of Glasgow (10), 7 gr. 03.

949. — Same types; behind the head, uncertain symbol; to the i^, under the

bull, d. iE* «/«-s. 0.50-1.

G. of London (20).

950. — Laureate head of ApoUon on the left; in front, CAPENO; der*

behind, a club. Granite. i^ Androcepbal bull to the right, head facing; above,

uae lyre; below, \i ; in the exergue, CAPENO* Lilra(?). I.* */2-5. o^5(>«4.

C. of Naples (Sautangelo), 685.

951. — Same types; behind the head, a helmet; at the i{, under the bull,

12. I* V«-5. 0.50-1.

G. of Berlin (41), 8 gr. — Coll. SanUngelo (687).

952. — Same types; behind the head, a dolphin; to the i^, to Texergue,

12. I* 1/2-5. 0.50-1.

G. of London (16).

953. -— Same types; behind the figure, a club; at i|, in Texergue,

12. I*i/î-5. 0.50—1.

G. of Naples (Santangelo, 686).

b) Star type (Circa 280—268 BC).

954. — Laureate head of Apollo on the left; in front, CAPENO- Grè-

netis. yew Androcepbal Bull walking to the right; above, a great star with sixteen rays. In the exergue, CAPENO- Litra(?). I M— 2.

C. of Berlin (43), 4 gr. 62.

955. — Same types; behind the head, a club; naked i^, a second

star with eight rays under the bull. I 4 1/2-5. 1 — 2“

Pietrabbondante trout, 6 gr. 10; 7g 78; 7 gr. 02.6 gr. 98; 6 gr. 94; 6 gr. 53; 6 gr. 35. — G. of France (574 and 575).

364 WEDGES

956. — Same types; behind the head, a sword; at the i^, under the bull,

star with eight rays. &*W*-'. 1 — 2.

Coll. SanUngelo (696-7).

957. — Same types; behind the head, a star; at ij, under the bull^

A. A**/2-5. 1-2.

Carelli, LXVII, 29. — C. of Berlin (44), 7 gr. 34. - Coll. Santangelo (691-2). — TroaTsllle of Pictrabboodante, 7 gr. 39 and 5 gr. 14.

958. — Same types; behind the head, a star; at ij, under the bull,

r. A* 4/*-^ 1-2.

Find of Pietrabbondante, 6 gr. 88 and 6 gr. 45. — Santangelo (693).

959. — Same types; behind the head, a star; at the i^« under the bull,

A. A4 1/1-5. 1—2.

C. of Glasgow, 6 gr. 60. •- Garelli, LXVII, 31.

960. — Same types; behind the head, a star; to the i^, under the bull,

0. I* »/2-5. 1-2.

Coll. Sam good, 7 gr.

9ôi. — Same types; behind the head, a star; at i|, under the bull, K. A* */«. 1-2.

Ck)ll. Sambon, 4 gr. 38.

962. — Same types; behind the head, a star; at l^, under the bull,

A. J£* 1/2-5. 1—2.

Carelli, LXVII, 30.

963. — Same types; behind the head, a star; at the f|, under the bull,

N. JE4 1/2-5. 1—2.

C. of Berlin (^), 6 gr. 55.

964. — Same types; behind the head, a star; to the i^. under the bull, O-

I 4 l/f-5. 1—2.

C. of Glasgow (9), 7 gr. 28. — C. of Berlin (46), 7 gr. 10. — Coll. San- tangelo (694).

965. — Same types; behind the head, a star; at ij, under the bull,

p. A* «/î-5. 1-2.

C. of Berlin (47 and 48), 6 gr. 74; 7 gr. 22. — Coll. SanUngelo (695).

966. — Laureate head of Apollo on the left; in front, CA^ENO* ^^^^

nelis.

WEDGES 365

a

a

i{ Androcephalous bull to the right, head facing; above,

great star with eight rays; in the exergue, CAPENO- Litra(?). i£* 1/2-5 1—2.

a from Berlin (43), 4 gr. 62. — C. of Glasgow (20), 5 gr. 60.

967. — Laureate head of Apollo on the left; in front, CAPENO; der- rear, a small ace with eight rays. Granite. ^ Androcephalous bull on the right, head facing; above, ui great star with six rays; below, T; in Texergue, CA I^ENO- Granite. Litra(?). iE**/2-5, i_2

c. from France (572), 6 gr. 44. — G. of London (24).

c) Without Symbol.

968. — Laureate head of Apollo on the left; in front, CAPENO-

i^ Androcephalic bull to the right^ the head facing: below. HAS;

in the exergue, CAPENO* Litra(?). I*V2-5. 1-2.

C. of France (573), 5 gr. 92.

III. — Head of Apollo. — Crowned androcephalous bull by the Victory (Circa 260—240 BC).

969. — Laureate head of Apollo on the left (without inscription). Gre-

netis. i^ Androcephalous bull going to the right and crowned

by Victory which hovers in the air; in the exergue, CA-

PENO-Grenetis. Litra(?). I^ */«. 2-3.

C. of Naples (825-6).

970. — Same types; behind the head, a shield.

JE4 1/2-5. 2-3.

C. of Berlin (49-52), 6 gr. 10; 6 gr. 55; 6 GP. 77; 5 gr. 80. — has Naples (827-33) et Coll. Santangelo (682 and 3). — C. of France (584 and 585) and Luynes (159), 6 gr. 70.

366 WEDGES

971. — Same types; behind the shield, a shield or a peg;

at ij, sounds the bull, A- A* */*"*. 2—3.

C. of Naples (Saotangelo, 684). — G. of Berlin (3), 7 gr. 13. — Pietrabbondante find, 5 gr. 14.

972. — Same types; behind the head^ a shield; at t (under the

bull, I. A* */*•”. 2—3.

CareUi, LXVll, 35.

973. — Laureate head of Apollo on the left; in front, CA^ENO; der-

rear, N- Grènetis. i^ (anepigraph). Androcephalic bull to the right. ; under the bull,

N.

Litra(?). A«. 3—5,

Carelli, LXVU, 36.

Phiale of Calés in terracotta with black varnish,

III “s. AND. AD

CAIATIA

Caîatia (Kaiatia — modern Cajazzo) was located on the right bank of the Volturne near Suessa; she fell to power of the Romans probably before the year of Rome 448 (306 BC, (1); its position on the Via Latina assured it a certain commercial importance and explains its coinage which consists of bronze pieces, not very abundant, of the type of the head of Pallas. i{ Rooster, a type which, as we have already seen, was accre- said by a commercial agreement, on the Lazio markets and Samnium, around 270 BC. It is under the walls of Caiatia where the Roman army was encamped when it was attracted by the Sam- nites in the Caudium parade. The inscriptions found at Ca- jazzo attest that under the Empire this city was still a mu- nicipity of a certain importance (2).

It was in Cajazzo, around thirty years ago, that the one of the richest deposits of republican gold coins discovered so far.

Garrucci publishes a coin with the Osco-Etruscan legend, mKMITfllfl)!, re-struck on a coin of Nola (PL LXXXVIII, 15). I have never seen this piece, but I would happily believe that Garrucci had before his eyes an evil Compulteria coin preserved and re-struck on a Nola coin.

1. Cfr. Diod., 20, 80 and Tite-LiTC, 9, 43, and the correction suggested by Mommsen, C. /. L., 10, p. . 3. Romanelli, you. II, p. 430-434; Maffei, Afi^. Veron.^ p. 354.

368 CAIATIA

BRONZE COINS

(Circa 270 BC)

974. — Head of Pallas on left. ; with Coriothian helmet with egret.

Granite. i\ Rooster standing right. ; behind, a star with eight rays; in front,

CAIATINQ. Granite. Litra (?). I*-* '/* and c i/i (pi. v). 20-40.

C. of France (560), 6 gr. 15 (bottom and top leg). — C. of Naples (790) et al. SaDtaDgelo (635-36). — C. of Berlin (1-3;, 5 gr. 40; 5 gr. 89; 8 gr. 04. - CarclU, DNA, 6 gr. 21.

976

975. — Same types; ioscr. retrograde, ONITAlAD-

Litra (?). I 4-5. 20—40.

Carelli, DNA,, 6 gr. 99.

976. — Same types; in front of the rooster, CAIAITINO (sic) or CAlAh

TNO {sic) (2).

Litra (?). I 4-5. 20-40.

(1) G. of Milan, 5 gr. 76. — (2) Coll. Samboo, 4 §r. 94.

TEANUM SIDICINUM

TeanuDi or Tianum, in Greek Téavov (Ptol., II, 1) and Téavov SiSixTvov (Strabo, V, m, 9; IV, 10, 59; VI, m, H), writes his name on its Oscan coins, Tianud and Tianud Sidikinud. Celtic town was located on via Latina, between Cales and Casinum; the two temples of Fortune erected on via Latina separated, in the century of Augustus, the territories of Cales and Teanum(l). Teanum was located on rugged terrain renowned for its aquae acidulae{2) and its ferruginous waters today called The Caldarelle; about ten years ago we found a small deposit (favissa) composed of republican and imperial currencies eaten away by mineral waters.

Strabo expressly tells us that it was of Oscan origin (Strabo, V, m, 9). The year 340 BC. AD the Sidicins were in arms against Rome and allied with the Latins and the Campanians(3). Mommsen pointed out that one cannot accept as true the stories of Livy who show us this people, always turbulent, im- first begging for the protection of Rome with spontaneous abandon of its independence, then that of the Latins, and fighting the year 338 av. BC in favor of the Romans against the Aurunci and the year next, with the Ausoni and the Aurunci, against Rome; but Mommsen would like to apply a passage from Velleius to it (4) attributed to the year of Rome 420, una cum Campanis datam esse civitatem sine su/fragio parti Samnitium, The same historian had supposed in his Hist. of Roman coinage {5) that Tea-

1. strabo, V, p. 2Î9.

2. PliD., XXXI, 2-5; Vilruv, VIII, 3, 17.

3. Acta Triumph. cap. ad a. 340 a G. k, U i4.

5. Ed. Blacns, III, p. 197.

370 TE4NU1I SIDIGINUM

Dum remained a federated city with Latin rights for a long time, and the coins seem to indicate this condition.

The coinage is rather abundant and generally bears Oscan inscriptions which show the composition of the people and the direction of their trade; but a piece of bronze, enough abundant, bearing the inscription Tïano, tells us that Tea- num, as well as Cumae, obtained authorization to use the Latin language in its official documents.

Oscan inscriptions give the name of the city in the ablative singular of the 2nd declension: Tianud Sidikinudzz: Teano Sidi- cino. The analogy with the pronouns iZ/tioI, aliud could make one think that Tianud was a neutral nominative; but in the registrations osques we do not have an example of a neutral nominative in VD” the termination being always in VM“On the contrary, the termination of the singular ablative of the 2* declension is always in VD: Se- nateis tanginûd = Senatus comulto.

Silver coins have a head of Hercules on one side; of the other a trige led by Victory. The head of Hercules is explained as the divinity of mineral waters. Bronze coinage mainly offers types borrowed from Napoleonic coinage litan: we find the two types there which seem to have been adopted in several towns of Gampania, Latium and Samnium under a monetary and commercial agreement:

The Head of Pallas. i^ Rooster.

2<» Head of Apollo. ^ Androcepbal Taurus.

A few rare pieces bear the head of Mercury, whose cult was very widespread in Lazio.

TEANUM SID1C1NUM 371

SILVER COINS

(Circa 282—268 BC)

a) Registration, Teanud Sidikinud.

977. — Head of Hercules to the right, beardless and topped with the remains of the lion; in front, 5IVMNKT* Granite around the edge.

917

^ Victory leading a trige to the left; the horse of middle turns head; Victory comes from the g. the guides and with the raised right arm, the whip. In the exergue, >IVMI>II>IR*

Didrachma. iSl«. 300.

C. of Naples (Santangelo, 1415), 6 gr. 90. — C. of Berlin (very oxidized), 6 gr. 44. — C. of London (lined), 5 gr. 59. — Coll. Luynes (filled), 5 gr. 07.

b) Inscription, Teanud.

978. — Head of Hercules to the right, beardless and topped with the remains of the lion which is tied under the chin, around a club.

i^ Victory leading a trige to the left; in the exergue, flVMNH (a) or 5|VMHhT {to) or 5|VMNhT(c).

Didrachm (often very large flan). iSl* */*-5 */*. 50—100.

(a) C. of Milan. ~ C. of Berlio, 6 gr. 66 (oxidized). — G. of Naples et al. Santangelo. — C. of France (956), 7 gr. 20. — C. of London (9), 6 gr. 75. — {b) C. of Berlin, 6 gr. 86 (oxidized). — C. of France (Laynes), 7 gr. 15. — C. of London (10), 6 gr. 96. — (c) G. of Berlin, 7 gr. 18.

26

372 TEANUM SIDIGINUM

979. — Head of Hercules to the right, as in the previous number; but without the mass

sweats below the neck; behind a canthare. ij Same types as the previous n. ; & Texerguc, ^VMNhT-

I 4.5. 50-100.

C. of France (957), 6 gr. 73. — C. of Berlin, 6 gr, 66. — Carelli, Adn. 6 gr. 56. — G. of London (8), 6 gr. 88.

980. — Same types, behind the head, a cornucopia,^

At 4-5 (ft. V). 50-100. Carelli, Ft. LXVI, 4. - C. of France (Coll. Luynes), 7 gr. 20.

981. Same types, under the neck, a bow; on the reverse, inscribe it*

tion ^Wmrj. -S^*^. 50-100.

G. of London (7), 7 gr.

982. — Head of Hercules on the right, beardless, frizzy hair, styled

of a scrap of the remains of the lion of Taçon that the last back of the head remains exposed. 1^ Victory leading a trige to the left; in the exergue,

>IVMPIhT. Didrachma. Jçl*-s. 50—100—

CareUi, pi. LXVl, 1.

983. — Same types; behind the head of Hercules, a cantharus.

A* i/«-s. 50-100. G. of Berlin, 6 gr. 73.

984. ^- Same types; behind the head of Horcules, a pedum,

JSL4 t/M. 50—100 c. from Berlin, 7 gr. 12. — Carelli, pi. LXVI, 2.

985. — Same types; behind Hercules' head, an owl,

B.é 1/1-5. 60-100. G. de Naples et Coll. Santangelo, 7 gr. 23.

TEANUM SIDIGINUM 373

986. — Same types; behind the head of Hercale, a kermes of Priapus,

AWl/i. 50-100. G. of Beriin, 6 gr. 92. ~ G. of France (960), 7 gr. 07.

987. — Same types; behind the head of Hercules, a heron on the left.

jSL4i/M. 50—100. G. of London (4), 7 gr. 17.

988. ^ TV of Hercules similar to that of n^982, but shot at

left; behind a leaf of cheue. ^ Victory leading a trige to the left; in Texergue,

5|VMNhT (a) or leg. erroneous )IVMMh.. (*). Didrachma. JSL*-”. 150—200.

(a) C. of London (furrow). — (6) Garelli (foarrée?), DNA,, 5 gr*

'à'ii TEAHUH SIDiaKUM

BRONZE COINS

I. — Atcc osqaes inscriptions.

a) Head of Apollo. i{ Taareaa androcephale; registration, Teanud

on Tianud Sidikinud. (Circa 280-268 BC)

989. — Laureate head of Apollo to the right; in front, 5|VtiRI-T or

^VNNIIT. Granite. ^ Androcephalic bull walking towards the right, the head of face; above, a four-stringed lyre; to rexergue »

Litra(?) A^VK 10—25.

Tbsp of BerUn, 5 gr. 82; 6 gr. 64.

990. — Laureate head of ApolloD to right. ; derant, >|VMNIT {sic, Tianud),

Granite. tj Androcephalic bull to the right, head facing; above, a star with sixteen rays; in Pexergue, ^VMI)IWR(û) or tVMIÎIWI^ (i^).

JÊ3i/2 4 1/2. 10-20.

(a) C. of Berlin, 5 gr. 67. — C. of London. — (6) G. of France, 6 gr. 20. — Coll. Sambon, 5 gr. 85.

991. — Laureate head of Apollo to the right; in front of ^VMRhT; behind, the letter

E.

^ Androcephalous bull to dr. ; above, a star; in Texergue^

^VMWWR. -£» */*■* */«. 10—20.

c. of London (2). — Coll. Sambon.

992. — Same types; in front of the head of Apollo, 5|Vk1NNTh (sic); der*

rear, P. iB*. 10-20.

C. of Naples (Coll. SanUngelo, 1421).

993. — Laureate head of Apollo left, front, 5IVMNIIT. Gre*

netis. v^ Androcephalous bull to the right, head facing; above, a lyre; in Texergue, 5|VMI>II>IR«

TEANUM SIDICINUM 375

Uira(?). -IF*. 10—25.

Donkey. Coll. Dell’Erba.

994. — Laureate head of Apollo on left. ; in front, 5iVMFlKT. Granite.

ij Androcephalous bull to the right, head facing; above, a lyre; below, the letter N- At the exergue, 5|Vm>IWR(a) or $||t|KI-

M Alt (b), JE. 3 1/2-4 l/d. 10-25.

(a) C. of BcrUn, 5 gr. 50. — (6) C. of London (3). — Coll. Sambon, 6 gr. 12. — C. of Berlin, 5 gr. 98 and 5 gr. 10. — Carelli, LXVl, 8; DNA, 6 gr. 15.

995. — Laureate head of Apollo on left. ; in front, 5|VMNIT.

ij Androcephalous bull to the right, head facing; above, a star with sixteen rays; in Texergue, 5|Vm>l(WR). ^£3 1/2-4 1/2. 10—25. Carelli, LXVI, 10.

b) Head of Apollo, i^ Androcephalous Bull; registration, Teanud. (Circa 270-240 BC)

996. — Laureate head of ApoUoû on left; in front, >|VMNIIT. Granite. i\ Androcephalous bull to the right, head facing; above, VI- Litra(?). I*. 10—15.

C. of France (968), 6 gr. 05.

997. — Laureate head of Apollo on left. ; behind, coat hook; in front,

>IVMNhT. Granite. ^ Androcephalous bull to the right, head facing, crowned by

Victory hovering in the air; below, pentagon.

Litra(?). J£*^. 2—8.

c. from Berlin, 6 gr. 73. — C. of London (14). — Carelli, LXVI, 13 and

14; DNA. (12 and 13), 4 gr. 05.6 gr. and 6 gr. 46. ​​— ​​C. of Naples and CoH.

Santangelo. — G. of France (962, 963).]

998. — Same types; behind the head of Apollo, Z. A*-». 3—8.

C. de Naples et Coll. Santangelo. i

376 TEANUM SIDiaNUM

999. — Hèm^ types; behind the head of Apollo, the letter T-

-£«. 3-8. C. of Berlin (19), 5 gr. 02.

1000. — > Memef types; behind the head of Apollo, a thunderbolt.

&*^\ 2-8. G. of Berlin (30-21), 5 gr. 02; 5 gr. 92. — G. of Naples and GoU. San- tangelo. » G. of France (965, 966), 4 gr. 70; 5 gr. OSj; 6 gr. 07; 6 gr. 16. “GareUi, LXVI, 11 and 12; ADN., no. 7, 5 gr. 85; 5 gr. 95; 6 gr.

iOOi. — Same types, without the pentagon on the reverse. £4-5. 2 — 8.

G. of France, 4 gr. 40. — Garelli, DNA^ n» 8, 5 gr. 18.

1002. — Laureate head of Apollo on left. ; behind, O or shield. Gre- netis. ^ Aadrocephalic bull on the right, crowned by Victory; au- underneath, a pentagon. In Texergue, 5IVMRI-T* Litra(?). iB*-”. 2-8.

c. from France (969, 970, 971), 4 gr. 45; 5 gr. 65; 5 gr. 95. — C. of Naples et al. Santangelo. — G. of Berlin (22), 4 gr. 86. — C. of London (11-12). — Carelli, LXVI, 15; Adn. (16), 6 gr.

e) Head of Mercury, i^ Androcephalus Taurus; registration, Tianud Sidikinud.

1003. ~ Head of Mercury on the right, topped with the wingless petasus, the caduceus on your shoulder; in front, >IV11RIT> behind, an eight star rays. f{Androcephalic bull to the right, head facing; above, a star with sixteen rays; in the exergue, >IVMI>il>IR (a) or ^Vm>IWR(6) orTwÎKfiïÂS(c). Litra(?). A3*/t-4.

(a) C. of France (973), 6 gr. 35. — C. of London (App. 1). — [b) C. of Berlin (8), 5 gr. 93. — (c) Samboo, Riv, Num. IL, 1889.

II. — With Latin inscription, TIANO

(Circa 270 BC)

1004. — Head of Pallas on the left, wearing a Corinthian helmet; sometimes behind, an owl. Granite.

TEANUM SIDIGINUM

377

ij Rooster standing right. ; on the left, a star with eight rays; to the right,

TIANO.

Lilra(?). iE.«. 0.50-2.

1004

G. of Berlin, 8 gr. 46; 7 gr. 15; 6 gr. S4; 6 gr. 24; 7 gr. 50; 6 gr. 36. — G. of France (974), 7 gr. 65. — G. of London (16 and 17). — G. de Naples and Goll. Santangelo. — Find of Pietrabbondante; some re-struck with Neapolitan dies in the type of the tau- crowned by Victory and the acronym 12*

iCs signatom of the beginning of the iii«s. av. J.-G. (reduced by 2/3).

NUCERIÀ ALFATERNÀ

The Alfaiemis. — The {S)arnsnei. — Lcg Regvini Ravalant.

Nuceria was located on the Sarao, not far from the small port of Pumped!. Philistius (1) calls it Nooxpuzv icoXtv TupibY3v{aç and Conon, cited by Servius (2), attributes its foundation to the Pelasgians and the Greeks of the Peloponnese.

The city was occupied by the Romans in the year 456 of Rome (908 BC). AD) (Liv. IX, 41).

At the time when it minted currency, Nuceria was a city essentially Oscan and inhabited by various tribes; sound name consists of the radical noV' (osque 2SV{ or DVM) ^t of the suffix- fixed-cr (3).

The coinage of Nuceria does not seem to predate Tan 280 av. AD, and consists of didrachms of Campanian weight and bronze coins that can be linked to the litra system. The didrachms have a juvenile sheet on one side, the forehead decorated with large ram's horns, and on the reverse a young hero holding a scepter, next to his horse; bronze coins offer Against a juvenile head and on the reverse two horsemen raising their right hand (the Dioscuri?) or a stopping greyhound dog.

Several interpretations have been suggested for the horned head of ram which is engraved on the obverse of the didrachms. Avellino (4) attracted attention to a passage from Svétonius (5) about Tancetre of rhetorician Epidius, familiar with Marc Antony and Augustus: “Hic

1. Ap. Sleph. Byz. ; cfr. MQller, die Elr., I, 168.

2. Ad. Aen., Vil, 738.

3. MomseQ, Die unterit. DiaLy p. 283. — Huscbke, Die Osk.und Sab, Sprach,, p. 19.

4. Num, anecd,, 22 and Numism, Italiae veteris, p. 100.

5. De clar, rhei,^ c. 4.

NUGEKIA ÂLFATERNA 379

Epidiiu ortum se ab Epidio Nuncione (Nucennof) praedicabatj guem ferunt olim praecipitatum in foniem fluminis Sami paulo post cum comibus extitisse, ac statim non appearance, in nume'” roque deorum habitum. » Millingen, who first approved the connection made by Avellino, then proposed to see the representation of the hero Samus^ whose name was given to the river. Duchalais (1) saw Teffigie of Apollo Karneios (2), and others thought of the Libyan Dionysus; in fact it has a great resemblance white with the tele of this divinity on the currencies of Cyrene. Garrucci (3) points out that all known representations of rivers have horns infesta, like those of the bull, and not the horns convoluta in anfractum specific to the ram.

Garrucci suspects a local legend. I think the guy was provided by Cyrenean monuments, because the ships mar- chands from Cyrene had to visit the small port from time to time of Pompeii and maintain relationships with the Oscan populations of the Sarno plain. We recently found in Galabre a important deposit of gold coins from Cyrene. On two vases links, kept at the Hermitage, is represented a juvenile divinity equipped with ram's horns and belonging to the Dionysian cycle (4).

The names that can be read on the coins of Nuceria are pro- bably those of various Oscan tribes: Nûvkrinûm Alafa^ ternum is in the genitive plural = iVucermûm Alfaternûm for A^uce- rinorum Alfatemorum ; Regvinûm Ravalanûm ^if also in genitive plural. Cavedoni (5) and Millingen (6) read Ecvinum and saw an allusion to the Dioscuri, l^^oTai, îzTcetç; Garrucci li- knows Dékvinum Raanum. The inscription ,,arnsne,, can be com- pleter by Sarnsneis and, “people of Sarno”; that would be the ablative singular, cfr. SENATEIS J AHOIHVD = Senatus consulto. In the dialect of the Nucerins we observe significant differences with that of the Osques of Capua; the v sound is also rendered

1. Revue Numismatique, 1850, p. 394-404.

2. Cf. Millier, Monnaies de Vanc, AflHquBt l, p. 104.

3. Italia Antictty p. 96.

4. See Reinach, Rep. painted vases, p. 12 and 13, according to the Report of the Commission imp. arch. of St. Petersburg, Atlas^ 1862, pi. IV and V.

5. Bull. delV Inst,, 1839, p. 138 and 139.

6. Cons., p. 198.

380

NUCERIA ALFÂTBRNA

by D and q; lyis indicated by ^^ 8» and on a numerous series of didrachms we find the inscriptions ¥t\yV\is>^VHV{ or MIVM^^Pmfl in which ^3 or

iEs signatam. — Refers to the one engraved on p. 341.

NUGBRIA ALFATERNA 881

SILVER COINS

(Circa 280-268 BC)

a) Lëgeades: D, Nûvkrinûm Alafatemûm et i{, Sammeis.

1005. — Juvenile head on the left with long hair and horns

ram; around the perimeter, ItlVM^aTFI^FmFl M1VMM>I=1VM (a) 01 IIIVM43T R^ in IIIVMM>IVM(6)oii N^NWlVm4>IWM M1VM4aTRa(c).

Granite.

^ Young hero, naked, standing, almost facing (head left) next to his horse which is turned to the left. ; of the left hand. he holds a scepter or thyrsus. In Texergue, (^l)3kl^M4N(^)-

Didrachm (good style). A* «/«-s. 150—300.

(a) C. of Florence (n° 592). — (6) G. of Berlin (1), 5 gr. 56. (laser.

barely visible.) On the Florence copy we read in Tezergue of

reverse sometimes ,„aras7ie..,

V Friedlflnder, Osk. Munz, p. 22).-^ (c) C. of Berlin (2), 6 gr. 97. (Inscr.

deleted.)

b) Legends: JS., Nûvkrinûm Alafatemûm and i^, Regvin (?).

(According to Garrucci).

1006. — straight juvenile head with long hair and horns of ram; around the perimeter, NYCK^INVhN RPNSnTE^NV. Granite.

^ Young hero standing next to his horse facing towards the

left*, in Texergue, kll3>D(4)- Didrachma. A* */*^.

Garrucci, Ft. XG, 3. I do not know this piece and the inscription tra- from left to right seems very strange to me for the time of the currency; the legend of Texergue that Garrncci reads MD>3 is on the MI33I drawing.

NUGERIA ÂLFATERNA

c) Legend: D, Nûvkrinûm Alafatemûmy i^: Aoepigraph.

1007. — Juvenile head on the left with long hair and horns of ram; around the perimeter, mVM^aTNQFHN m Vm4>nVM(a) or H1VMa3TN8FHN rtIDVM (A). GrèneUs.

i^ Young hero standing next to his horse, facing towards the left.

Didrachm (variable style). iSL* V«-« (pi. V). 20-60.

(a) C. of Naples (1286). — (6) C. of BerUn (3), 6 gr. 88 and (4) letters neglected, 7 gr. 08. — C. of France (Lnynes), 6 gr. 90. — C. of Naples (1286-88) et Coll. Santangelo. The registration letters are often so small that it is difficult to distinguish the varieties of shapes.

1008

1015

1(X)8. — Same types; behind the head, a dolphin; registration,

mvM^=imn mv>i4RVM [a) wvM$r=iR^R rwv>iaisivM

or mVM^rDN^N mV>l4ldVM(A) or mVM^ 3N^N WIVmW

(c). iSL4i/2-5. 20—60.

(a) c. of Milan, 7 gr. 27. — Coll. SanUngelo (1357). — (6) C. of London (2 and 3), 7 gr. 14 and 7 gr. 20. — C. of France (918), 7 gr. 12. — (c) C. of Berlin (5 and 6), 7 gr. 29 and 7 gr. 22. — Cfr. Carelli, DNA, (4.5), 7 gr. 28.

1009. -^ Same types; behind the head, dolphin and pecien; registration,

VN mvnanvM. i^^m-^.2o^eo.

Carelli, DNA. (6), 6 gr. 98.

lOpiO. — Same types; behind the head, an owl; registration, rWVNQ. . . tN^N hNVNiaWDVN. i^* «/^^ 20-60.

c. of London (l), 7 gr. 22.

1011. — Same types; behind the head, a cantharus; registration,

NUGERIA ALFâTERNA 38^

W1VMDT$N^FI ;mVAai>IVM {a) or mVM=lTtN>in mV>IDDVM W. ie.4 i/î-5. 20-60.

(a) C. of France (917), 7 gr. 05. — (b) C. of London (4 and 5), 7 gr. 24 and 7 gr. 22.

1012. — Same types; behind the head, a bee; inscription in character neglected areas. At 4"/i-5. 20—60. G. of London (6), 6 gr. 55.

384 nacaok alfatbrna

BRONZE COINS

(Circa 260—210 BC)

1013. — Juvenile head with long hair held by a band water; around the edge, mVM4aTR8R^fI mVMM)llVM.

Granite.

^ The Dioscuri on horseback galloping towards the left. and raising the

hand dr. (Compare the coins of Tyndaris, in Sicily);

in Texergue, in two lines, MIVMR^N J | M mVMn>4 =

r{€)gvinum ravalanum. Litra(?) iE*-* i/MO— 25.

G. of Berlin (7-9), 4 gr. 91; 5 gr. 50; 5 gr. 59. — G. of London (7).

— G. de Naples (1S89) and Coll. Santangelo (1358 and 59).

1014. — Juvenile head on left. (Apollo?); u poirbar, mvma>llVM. Granite.

^ Hunting dog stopped, right. ; u povtonr, mVMa3TR8R^N. Hemi-litra (?). & «. 10—25.

G. of London (8).

1015. - Same types; at i(JtlVN^aTFISR^R I11VMM>I3VM(«) we ltlVl143TR8R^FI mVl1ia)l3Vl1 (b) or mVNQaTROR^R I11VNM>I=IVN (c). iE”.5-15.

(a) C. of Berlin (10), 2 gr. 87. — G. of France (919), 3 gr. 24. — {b) C. of France (920 and 21); 3 gr. 28; 2 gr. 81 (Luynes), 2 gr. 45. — G. of BerUn (U and 12), 2 gr. 99 and 3 gr. 22. - Coll. Santangelo (1360-66).

— G. de I^ndres (9). -« (c) G. of Berlin (13), 3 gr. 09. — G. of Naples (1290-95). — G. of London (10 and 11). A copy of Coll. Santan- gelo is re-struck and bears the types of a Roman sextans: Head of Mercury with Dr. i{ Ship's bow to the right.

NOLA

We went that Nola had been the principal city of the Sam- nites-Campanians, and we have studied (p. 311 to 320) its coinage very abundant yage from about 360 to 326 BC. J.-G. Romans captured Nola in the year 313 and since then it has been their remained faithful. Around 270, this city obtained the privilege of striking new silver and bronze coins; but the coin yage lasted a short time and was very restricted; he imitates Neapolitan types.

SILVER COINAGE (Circa 270 BC)

1016. — Head of Apollo on the left; in front, NÛAAI* Grènetis.

i{ Androcephalous bull moving towards the right, crowned by the

Victory hovering in the air; under the bull, M* Litra. HAS*"/". 25—50.

Coll. Sambon.

1017. — Same types; in front of the head, NHAAI; under the bull,

X; in the exergue, ML Litra. A« */« (pi. V). 25-50.

G. of London, 0 gr. 65. — Coll. Sambon.

1018. — Same types; in front of the head, NHAAIOII {fie); none letter on the reverse.

Litra. A* */î. 25-50.

C. of Naples (Coll. Santangelo).

386

NOLA

BRONZE COINS

(Circa 270 BC)

1019. — Head of Apollo on the left; in front, NHAAI (a) or NO- AAI(?) (6); behind, A. ^ Androcephalous bull on the right, crowned by Victory which

hovers in the air; under the bull, Mh Litra. I* */«-5. 15—25.

(a) C. de Naples et Coll. Santangelo, 6 gr. 60. — G. de BerlÎD, 7 gr. 45 and 7 gr. 37. — C. of London (11 and 12). — (6) C. de BerUD, 7 gr. 39 and 7 gr. 14.

1019

1020. — Same types; in front of the head, NjQAAI; behind. HAS; at i{, under the bull, in Texergue, Ml* Litra. iE* ^f^. 15—25.

C. of Berlin, 6 gr. 38. — C. of France.

CA.POUE

When, in 304 BC. BC, the Samnites, for the second time, were forced to lay down their arms, Gampania was virtually ly under Roman rule; but for a long time to come Rome hesitated to impose its laws too harshly, and the dangers- terrible struggles against Pyrrhus first and against the Carthaginians then forced him to leave the majority of the cities campanians a semblance of independence and to seek to attach them as much by interest as by fear.

The Roman annalists of the century of Augustus give us a confused and perhaps even insincere summary of the events of this era. Here are the highlights of Tite's narration: Live: The ancient Etruscan city of Vulturnum is occupied by a stratagem of the Samnites and takes the name of Capua; the in*» invaders mix with the Oscan population. In 343 BC. AD, the Sidicines invoke the help of the Campanians against the Samnium; but they are defeated in the plain which extends to feet of Mount Tifate, and Capua, threatened in turn, is con- trying to put himself under the protection of Rome. This doesn't matter It's not a bad idea to side with the revolted Latins shortly afterwards. A victory of the Romans, at the foot of Vesuvius, forces Capua to to submit definitively; the Romans took away the famous Falernus ager\ they reward the equities^ which had declared themselves in favor of Rome, granting them the right of Roman citizens hands^ and punish the other inhabitants by declaring the city civil* heaps sine suffragio. In 318-314 BC. BC, the Romans, taking advantage of discords of the city, decree to send every year to Capua of “praefecti iure dicundo” (1).

1. Ut. seen, 29-37; VIII, 14; IX, 20.

27

388 HOOD

Mommsen, while rejecting part of Livy's account, admits the deditio of Tan 343 and the enyoi of the Roman prefects in 318; but other historians think that the submission of Capua “urbs maxima opulentissimaque Itaiiae” in 343 BC. AD is imposed sible under the conditions indicated by Livy, and they suppose that, forced to clearly take sides with Rome, she was able nevertheless stipulate at this time a treaty of alliance — foedus aequum — and that this treaty was respected until the time of the battle of Benevento and the capture of Taranto in 272; even until the time of the war against Hannibal. For the rest » Livy contradicts himself and first speaks of Capua as an eivitas sine su/fragioy then as benefiting from the foedus aequum (1), and we can think that in the history of the reward of equities and of the punishment of the plebs^ there is simply a confused notion of the support given by Rome to the aristocracy of Capua. The same uncertainty reigns over the date of the establishment of prefects Romans. It is impossible to accept that fixed by Livy, because the monuments indicate that Capua retained until 211 av. AD its municipal organization under the authority of its own magistrates, whose head was designated by the name of Meddix Tuttcus. In the Samnite war of the year 310, the Campanians, surely as allies, had a considerable share of the booty, and, in that against Pyrrhus, their militias were com- commissioned by their own leaders. Coinage with Oscan legend, very abundant and whose types allude either to pompous national legends, or in the competition of the Campanians in the victories against Pyrrhus, also shows that, after the departure of the king Epirote, Capua, far from being oppressed, enjoyed almost all the franchises of a free city.

The most significant piece from this point of view is the biunx at reverse of the two warriors taking the oath, according to Oscan custom and sabellic, on a young pig. This guy is reminiscent of nummus aureus to the ROMAi legend which alludes to the Campanian /bsdia, currency which is classified by some before 286 (Haeberlin), by others around 268 (Head), by still others around 217 (Babelon). The explanation of this type on the coinage of Capua is to be sought

1. Lit. XX IH, 59. ~ See on this subject: Pais, Sloria di Roma.

CAt>OUE

38d

among similar examples from southern Italy, such as the famous didrachm struck in LocreH after 277 BC. and carrying the legends AOKPHN — TTI2TI2 — POMA* The same type of oath is found on the Roman coins of T. Veturius and on the funds of the social war.

For a long time, on the authority of Charles Lenormant, Raoul- Rocbetto, Millingen and Mommsen, have been attributed en masse, to Capua, the Campanian-style silver coin bearing the legend ROMANO or ROMA; very recently, Dr. Haeberlin (1) attributed the entirety of this coinage to Capua, distributing it weaving thus:

In silver (didrachm of 7 gr. 58).

1) Bearded head of Mars, i^ Bust of horse.

2) Head of Apollo. f{ Horse and star.

3) Head of Hercules. ^ Wolf.

h 335—312 BC AD

In bronze (litrae).

1) Head of Minerva, i} Eagle.

2) Head of Apollo. ^ Leo.

3) Head of Minerva, i^ Bust of

horse.

11. 312—286 BC. AD

In gold

(nummus aureusz=15 didr.).

Head of Janus. i^ Pre-warriors so much oath.

In silver (didrachm of 6gr. 82) (6 scruples).

1) Head of Rome, i^ Victory.

2) Head of Mars. ^ Horse.

3) Head of Mars, i^ Bust of horse.

4) Head of Apollo, i^ Horse.

In bronze

(libellae and sembellae).

1) Head of Mars. ^ Horse.

2) Head of Mars. i\ Bust of horse.

3) Head of Apollo, t^ Horse.

4) Head of Rome, i^ Dog.

1. Die Syslemalik der âllerlen rômischen Mùnzwesens, Berliner MQuiblftller, 1905.

390 CAt>OUE

mr. 286-268 BC AD

In gold (30 ace coins).

Head of Janus, XXX. ^Guer- riers taking the oath.

Ed money.

Head of Janus. i^ Quadriga.

We will talk more about this later; let's look at the coinage here osque. Lenormant made it begin around 317 BC. B.C., but today we have proof that it cannot be earlier than Tan 268 BC J.-C. Head proposes to distribute it between the years 268 and 211 BC. (1). Maybe we even need to bring down more low the first emissions, although the oldest types are imitated from the Sicilian coins of Pyrrhus, Hiero II, and of the towns of Tauromeoium and Locri of Bruttium. The weights original would be those of the fractions of Tas triental inaugurated around 268, if however we must look for a relationship with money Roman; but it would be imprudent to rely on this report, because Taes Campanian grave was set to different weights from those of Rome, and underwent various evolutions. The Gampanians had been loyal to Rome during Pyrrhus' invasion; they contributed even powerfully to the success of the Roman arms; he is therefore quite natural that Capua minted coins with his name in Oscan characters and with types recalling his alliance with Rome. Haeberlin based on the assumption that Rome would not have not suffered the minting of a silver coin after the issue of urban funds in 268, attributed to the revolt of the years 217- 211 BC AD, the silver coinage of Capua. This attribution seems at first glance very probable if we consider this mon- born like a didrachm of reduced weight, because the weight of 5 gr. 80, could be that of the reduced weight double victory (victoriat of 2 gr. 92 struck after 217 and following the establishment- ment of the uncial ace and the reduction of the denarius to 3 gr. 89} ; and a on the other hand, the Roman deniers and victoriates of the year 217 bear reverse of types similar to those of the most common currencies of Capua, the bige of Selene and the Victory crowning the trophy.

L. Hist. Num., p. 29-30.

HOOD 391*

But it is inconceivable that, if we attribute to the year 217 the silver coinage, we should attribute to the same date the pre* first emissions from the biunx to the type of the bige of Selene, because there is identity in the design of the head of Zeus engraved on this coin and that which adorns the obverse of the silver coin. For my part I I am convinced that these coins date from at least 263 BC. AD Moreover, the weight of silver coinage can correspond to that of an Attic octobolus (5 gr. 82) and must be compared to that coins minted by the Firuttians at Hhegium and Locre. There are also two lean style bronze coins and summary, one without indication of value, the other weighing half of the previous one and bearing the sign 3, index of half. These pieces are certainly later than the year 217 and seem to prove ver that Capua had finally adopted the weights of Roman Tas (reduced to uncial weight). Head (1) and Bahrfeldt (2) also give Capua, and in the years 217-211 BC. AD, the coins of electrum anepigraphs having the bifrons on one side; on the other Jupiter in a quadriga. It is impossible to admit for these pieces the attribution from fiabelon to the year 276, when the Romans occupied Rhegium.

As for the chronological classification of bronze species, we will point out that Capoue has no concern about settling his currency on that of Neàpolis; its cash offers on the contrary relationships with the currencies of Bruttium and Apulia. The biunx Bruttien type of the head of Mars and the crowning Victory a trophy, weighs, like the first broadcasts of the biunx ca- pouan, about 18 gr. For a long time there have been reports between the Campanians, the Bruttians, the Lucanians and the Mamertines.

It therefore emerges from our investigation that the Oscan coinage of Capua began a few years after 268 BC. AD, in beginnings of the First Punic War; that the head of Zeus didrachm of Locri, struck between 272 and 268, alluding to Gdelity towards Rome, served as a prototype for the coins of Capua, that these coins indicate active trade with Bruttium and Sicily, and must be placed between the years 263-211 BC AD

1. Hist. Num., p. 28 and Num, Chron., 1884, p. 220.

2. The Romano-Campané Monele^ p. 128.

n

382 GAPOUE

The Capua modDDayage is very instructive from the point of view beliefs and legends of the Campanian people. There is a curious mixture of Etruscan, Italiot and Oscan elements. The pieces which allude to the cult of Jupiter and Juno are strong numerous: dextans with the adjacent busts of Jupiter and Juno, and to ^ Jupiter in a quadriga, throwing lightning; quadrunx with the head of Jupiter and the winged thunderbolt; octobolus of ar- gent and the Hunx with the head of Jupiter (type of a reverse: eagle threatening, wings outstretched, lightning in the claws). The head of Jupiter is also found on coins whose reverse highlights clearly the national goddess of the Campanians, the Diana of Tifala. The cult of Jupiter must therefore have been very widespread in Capua, and Raoul Rochette(l) endeavored to demonstrate that there was in Ca- for a temple of Jupiter Capitoline, before the imperial era. We know that the materials from the temple of Jupiter Tifatin, in foot of Mount Tifata, were used for the construction of Tabbaye of S. Pietro, of the order of Mont-Carpin, in the village of Pie- dimonte, near the current town of Caserta. But the most beautiful temple of the region was that of the national goddess, Diane Tifa- tine, and a fairly common coin shows us the bust of the goddess and a distraught boar. Terracotta votive plaques, collected near the sanctuary, represent this divinity on a deer.

A series of small coins seems to claim for Capua a founding hero of Phrygian origin. These currencies represent probably Telephes king of Mysia, son of Hercules and Augé and father of Tyrrhenus and Tarchon, the mythical founder of Tar- quinii (2); and it has been proposed to see an Etruscan legend there (3). We knows that Lycophron alludes to the alliance of the sons of Telephes with Aeneas; also it is through this legend that Minervini would like explain the famous type of the alliance and the oath on a sow sacrificed; but the presence of this same type, on currencies bearing the legend ROMA and on the funds of the social war, proves that it must be seen as an allusion to contemporary events.

i. Capua excavations ^ p. he.

3. SchoL Lycophron, V, 1242-4249; Philoêlrat, Heroïc, c. ii, n. 18. 3. Avellino, Bull, Arck, Nap, II, 11-12; Raoal-Rochette, Excavations of Capua^ p. 94; L. Sambon, Research p. 171.

HOOD 393

rains. It is the emblem of the foedus œquum granted by Rome to the Camps.

A small coin, very rare, has the head of Hercules on one side and on the reverse Three-headed Cerberus. Raoul-Roche sees this as an allusion to the oracle of the dead, the vexpoiAavTeTov or Kep6épiov of Cumae, all as, on a coin from a city of Epirus, Cerberus designates the oracle of the dead of Aorne. Numerous Apulian and Cameroonian vases panians from the end of the 4th century, or the beginning of the 3rd, re- present with the same details Hercules training Cerberus outside the abode of Pluto (1). These types of hellish scenes probably allude to the mysteries of Samothrace, ted in these regions.

On another coin we see, on one side a head of Panisque — it is perhaps the local god of Mount Tifatin — on the other, a wild boar; on others is engraved an elephant, which brings to mind the passage from Pausanias(2) mentioning an elephant's head that he had seen in the temple of Diana, near Capua.

A rare teruncius shows us on one side the bust of Ceres, of the other, a bull. It is only natural that the city of the rich harvests had a fervent worship of Ceres, and many inscriptions bear this out (3).

Among the coins bearing the image of Hercules — the Hercules beard of the Ionians - there is one which offers a lion on the reverse holding with his raised left paw, a dart which he breaks between his fangs. A similar type is seen on the coins of Amyntas III, king of Macedonia, on those of Velia, and on coins of Apulia from the late period; the coins of Panticapaea bear a griffin and then a lion breaking a spear. A Campanian ace of the th century has a lion's head seen from the front, a javelin between its fangs. More- Tarque describes a similar type, the Aéwv ÇifT^piQç engraved on the ring of Pompey and this type is also found on an engraved carnelian of the Cabinet of France.

i, Reinacb, Rep,, 1, p. 108, 167, 258, 401, 455.

2. V, XII, 1.

3. Mommsen, Inscr» Regni Neap,^ n® 3562 and 3; 3572 and 3.

304 HOOD

I. — Currency of Capoae, urbs fœderala. (272—218 BC)

SILVER COINS

(Circa 263 BC)

1021. — Laureate head of Jupiter on the right. Granite.

i^ Eagle on the right with outstretched wings, a thunderbolt in the claws; in front, DnR>l- Grènetis.

1021

Attic Oclobole. A” (pi. V). 150—300.

Tbsp of BerliQ (1), 6 gr. 03. — C. of Naples (Adc. Coll. da duc de Noja) n» 836. — C. de France (Coll. Luynes), 5 gr. 95. — Coll. Caja- niello. — Coll. Santangelo (698-700), 5 gr. 80; 5 gr. 49 and a three- fburée. Aroaduzzi (apud Passeri Pict. vase, t. 111, p. lxzviii) cites a copy on which he incorrectly read SQB^V'T &u place of 3TTR>I- Haeberlein attributes this coinage to the years 213- 211 BC BC, when Capua espoused the cause of Hannibal. (Die Syal, der allL rômischen Münzerif Berliner MQnzblfttter, 1905^ p. 10).

GAPOUE

395

BRONZE COINS

(After 268-218 BC)

1022. — Adjoining busts of Juno (diademed» the scepter on Tshoulder) and Jupiter (laureate), to the right. Greaetis. ^ Jupiter standing in a quadriga galloping towards the right, te-

1022

left hand. the scepter and throwing from the hand dr.

lifted the lightning; in Texergue, DnN>l or =inR>l- Grènetis.

Dextans (good style). HAS**. 100—200.

C. of France (Luynes), 66 gr. 27.44 gr. 75 and 42 gr. li. — L. SamboD {Research) and Carelli, Adn. (i), 57 gr. 43. — G. of Napleé (839), . 48 gr. 70 and Ane. Coll. Stevens. — G. of London, 43 gr. 93. — C. of Berlin (28), 42 gr. 03.

1023. — Beardless Bifrons, laureate. Granite.

i{ Jupiter in a quadriga, galloping towards the right. ; he holds hand left. the scepter and spear from the right hand. lightning; to the exergue, 3nR>l or ^nF)>l' Grènetis.

Dextans (good style). I. *«-**. 100—200.

G. of France (Luynes), 35 gr. 51 and 46 gr. 60. — G. of Naples (837 and 838), 37 gr. 09 and 39 gr. 55. — G. of London. Carelli gives a erroneous drawing after Micali (LUalia avanli i Romani, pi. LIX, i4) and (Jarrucci (pi. LXXXVII, 7) reproduced this same drawing with Tinscrip- faulty tion 3TTrT>l • On these drawings we see next to Zeus a little Victory which must be an invention of the designer. The guy

396 CAPOiJE

of this piece is modeled on the didrachm with the legend ROMA DO il26.

1034. — Head of Pallas to the right, wearing an atheaieo helmet with

crest and lateral egrets. Greaetis.

^ Pegasus flying to the right; above, 3|nR>l and •••#.

Grënetis.

Quincunx (variable style; sometimes summary, very relief

bottom). A« «/«-•. 30-80.

C. of Naples (840-41), 33 gr. 90 et al. SanUDgelo, 18 gr. — C of FraDce (605 and 606), 32 gr. 56 and 22 gr. 50 et al. Luynes, 2& gr. 10. — C. of BerlÎD, 27 gr. 15. — C. of London (acquired doubt).

1023

1025. — Laureate head of Jupiter on the right. Granite.

^ Winged Lightning; above, ••••; below, DnN>|. Gre- netis.

1024

Quadrunx (beautiful style, very low relief). I^* »/«. 30—80.

c. from France (608), 23 gr. 05; and Luynes, 26 gr. 20. — C. of Naples (842), 25 gr. 30 et al. SanUagelo (704 and 705), 27 gr. and 26 gr. 72. — G. of Berlin (3), 24 gr. 2.

CAPOU

397

{026. — Same types; under the head of Zeus, #### (rough drawing). Quadrunx. ^8 »/i. 3O—80.

C. of France (609), 26 gr. 20.

1027. — Head of Ceres crowned with ears of corn, right. ; behind, •••. Granite.

1027

i^ Bull standing right, head facing; above, •••; to

the exergue, 3nR>|. Granite (good style).

Teruncius. I 7. 100—150,

C. of Naples (843 and 844), 17 gr. 80 and Carelii, Adn. (20), 16 gr. 16. — Coll. Santangelo (706), 15 gr. 3. — G. of France, 20 gr. 42 and 17 gr. 70.

1028. — Head of Tyche with crenellated crown and decorated with a lightning; behind, J eistrigile. Granite. i^ Armored horseman, the chlamys floating, the lance still,

1028

on a rearing horse, right. ; in the field, behind the horse, ^j^; under the front legs, a conch navy; in the exergue, DnR>|. Biunx (good style). I^^ «/«. 80-150.

C. of Berlin (16 and 17), 16 gr. ; 12 gr. 53. — C. of France (Luynes), 12 gr. 90. — Coll. Santangelo (717 and 718). Compare the reyers of this currency with that of the Syracnsan emissions of Hiero 11.

996. HOOD

1029. — Laureate head of Jupiter, right. ; behind, |j^. Granite.

i^ Eagle, to the right, turning its head, wings outstretched, a lightning in greenhouses; on each side, an eight-pointed star yons (ounce value indices); in Texergue, 3rTN>l« Granite.

Biunx (good style). iE«. 25—50.

C. of FraDce (600 and 601), 16 gr. 69 and i2 gr. 02 et al. Luyoes, i4 gr. 35. — C. of Berlin, 13 gr. 13 and U gr. 48. - a of Naples (854). -Carelli, DNA. (3), 8 gr. 21. — Coll. Saotaogelo (701 and 2). — Coll. Sambon. — C. of Glasgow (1), 13 gr. 40.

1(30. — Laureate head of Jupiter on the right; behind, J. Grènetis.

1^ Two warriors standing, facing each other, their right hands armed with a sword, taking an oath on a young pig that they hold each with the left hand; in the field, left, the in- value dice, **; in the epigraph, 3nR>|. Granite.

Biunx (good style). I«. 25—50.

C. of London, 14 gr. 45. — C. of Berlin (10), 13 gr. 48. — L. Sam- good (Research), 16 gr. 12. — C. of Naples (849). — Carelli, Adn. (4), 16 gr. See the coinage of Ateila No. 1054, and the gold coins minted in the name of Rome, n° 1076-78.

1031. — Diademed head of beardless Hercules, the club behind the neck* Granite. i^ Lion passing to the right, biting a javelin which he breaks with the

1031

left paw; above, ••; in Texergue, 3nR>l (on some

copies the last letter has this form: ^),

Biunx (good style, very low relief). iE*. 10 — 25.

C. of Berlin (4-7), 14 gr. 85; 14 gr. 60; 12 gr. 90; 12 gr. 56. — C. of London (1 and 2d, 14 gr. 05 and 10 gr. 22. — C. of France (613), 15 gr. 22, and Coll. Laynes, U gr. 72. — C. of Naples (845-848), et Coll. SanUngelo (707-708). — Carelli {Adn., 27-29), 12 gr. 88; 13 gr. 21 and 11 gr. 64.

HOOD

399

1032. — Laureate head of Jupiter to the right; behind, Jj. Granite.

i^ Lunar Artemis or Diane TiFatine guiding a bige towards the

Dr. ; above, ♦♦; in the epigraph, 3nN>|. Granite. Biunx (variable style). iE.«-« 1/2 (pi. V). 5—10.

C. of France (604), 11 gr. 58, et al. Luyoes, 12 gr. 98. — C. of London (9 and 10), 13 gr.41 and 12 gr. 44. — C. of Berlin (11-15), 14 gr. 04; 13 gr. 23; 12 gr. 70; 12 gr. 20; 12 gr. 30. — C. of Naples (858-869; the No. 869 is re-stamped on a Roman ounce; see Garrucci, LXXXVI, 35), et al. Santangelo (719-731). Some of these currencies were engraved by the same artist who executed the coio of the silver coin (cf. Tezemplaire no. 60i of the C. of France).

1032

1033. — Head of Pallas to the right, wearing a Corinthian helmet double neck guard; behind, *. Granite. i^ Victoire, bare bust, walking towards the left, holding

1033

the right hand extended a crown and the left. a ban*

debt; in front, *; in the exergue, DTTN>l(l)or ITTRDK^îc).

Granite.

Once (rough drawing). &^. 30—60.

C. of France (62), 9 gr. 30 and Luynes, 7 gr. 32. — C. of London (13), 7 gr. 32. — C. of Naples (881) and CoU. Santangelo (732). — Coll. Sam- good. The types of this rare coin seem to be modeled on those of the golden statere of Pyrrhus; compare for style with currencies of Gaelia. Cicero (De divinat.y 1 gr. 43) indicates Texistance in Gapoue of a temple of Victory.

400 capoufi

1034. — Bust of Diana to the right, crowned with myrtle, the arch and the quiver on your shoulder; behind, the ounce index^ • or *. Granite.

i^ Boar running to the right. ; above, •; at the exergue, DnFl>i or 3nR>|. Granite.

Ounce (variable style, often very low relief). ]^^. 8—15. C. of Berlin (18-20), 9 gr. 55; 7 gr. 2O; 7 gr. 20. — C. of London (3 and 4), 7 gr. 84 and 6 gr. 60. — C. of France (614 and 615), 7 gr. 49 and 8 gr. 50 and Luynes, 7 gr. 20. — G. de Naples et Coll. Santangelo. — Carelli, Adn. (12-14), 7 gr. 03; 6 gr. 41; 5 gr. 80. Oa finds the wild boar on the steles terracotta osques from Capua (cfr. Mowat, Inacr. Osques, Rev, Arch., 1887 \ see also the Garrucci cast coins. Cfr. the coins of Phintias tyrant of Agrigento and those of Paestum).

1034

1035. — Head of the Tyche of Capua to the right, surrounded by a crown

crenellated and decorated with a thunderbolt; under the neck, *\ behind,

slrigilel Grènetis. }| Rider with breastplate and chlamys, right; the spear stopped

on a rearing horse; to left, *; on the right, a ma-

iHne\ in the exergue, 3nR>i. Granite.

Once (good style, see n° 1028). iE«-«. 25—50.

c. from Berlin (25-27), 8 gr. 03; 7 gr. 13; 7 gr. — C. of London (11 and 12), 9 gr. 13; 7 gr. 51. — C. of Naples (870-872).

1036. — Same types; behind the head, strigil or pedum{?); below, #. Ounce. I". 25—50.

C. of Gla.sgow (8), 7 gr. 06.

1037. — Laureate head of Jupiter to the right; behind, ♦. Granite.

^ Victory standing left, crowning a weapons trophy; to

dr., •; in Texergue, 3TTR>|. Granite.

Once (style varies). I* */*-5 (pi. V). 3—8.

C. of Berlin (21-24), 7 gr. 46; 7 gr. 45; 7 gr. 51; 7 gr. 14. — C. of London (7), 6 gr. 86. — G. of France (624) and Luynes, 7 gr. 42 and

CAPOUB

401

6 gr. 60. — C. of Naples (873-80), et Coll. SaDUngelo (733-746). - Carelli, DNA,, 7 gr. 95; 7 gr. 33; 6 gr. 72 and 6 gr. 77.

1038. — Bust of Juno to the right, the scepter on the shoulder; she is diademed and adorned with jewels. Granite. i^ Two idols [xoana of Artemis?) united on a com- mune, veiled; a strip is placed on both heads. In the field, on the left, the symbol, >K; to the right, 3nR>l- Grè- netis. Reduced weight ounce (good style). &*. 10—20.

C. of France (629, 630 and 631), 7 gr. 25; 5 gr. 10 and (Luynea),

5 gr. 70. — C. of London (15). — G. of Berlin (31), 5 gr. 12. — C. of Glasgow (9 and 10), 5 gr. 37 and 5 gr. 05. — L. Sambon (Research, ),

6 gr. 26. — Carelli, DNA, (26), 5 gr. 23. — G. of Naples (882 84), and Coll. Santangelo (748 and 749).

1037

1038

1039. — Same head (same corner as previous n°).

^ Ear of wheat with two leaves; in the field, left, 3nR>l; to the right,

the symbol D+C. Reduced weight ounce (good style). I. 4. 15—20*

C. of France (634), 5 gr. 05.

1040. — Veiled and diademed head of Juno, right, scepter on

Your shoulder. Granite.

t| Ear of wheat with two leaves; in the field, left, DrTR>l; on the right, the symbol, >K-

Semuncia(?) or reduced weight ounce (variable style; what- sometimes a summary drawing). A*-^. 5—15.

G. of Berlin (32), 4 gr. 69. — C. of France (635 and 636), 4 gr. 18; 3 gr. 52 and Luyues, 3 gr. 21. — G. of Glasgow (11 and 12), 3 gr. 14 and 2 gr. 92. — G. of London (17). — C. of Naples (885-93) and GoU. San- tangelo (750). — Carelli, Adn. (21-23), 3 gr. 79; 3gr. 54; 3gr. 41. Gfr. the coins of Paestum and those of Neapolis in Apulia.

1041. — Laureate head of Apollo to right. Granite.

i02 CAPwhereE

i{ Lyre decorated with a band; in the field, left, !]nA>i-

Granite.

Semuncia (?) or reduced weight ounce (variable style).

A»*/«-4. 3-5.

G. of Berlin (39-41) » 4 gr. 12; 8 gr. 84; 3 gr. 52. — C. of France (637), 3 gr. U and Luynes, 4 gr. 30 and 3 gr. U. — C. of Glasgow (637). — C. of Naples (894-900), and SaoUngelo (760-66). Carelli, DNA, (15-19) 4 gr. 56.3 g. 95; 3 gr. 02.

1041

1042. — Same types; Tinscription IinR>l on the right.

Semuncia (?) or reduced weight ounce (rariable style). C. of Berlin (42), 4 gr. 90.

iE3l/l. 3-5.

1043. — Pan eats breakfast on the right, his pedum on his shoulder. Granite.

i^ Boar running yers the dr. ; above, #.

Reduced weight ounce (good style). iE' i/«. 40—60.

C. of Naples (Santangelo, no. 714}. Garrucci gives the drawing of this

coin with the inscription IinR>l in Texas; but on Texemplairo

so far unique from the Coll. Santangelo, we see no trace of these

letters.

1043

1044

1044. — Hairless and diademed head of Hercules to the right, the club behind the neck. Granite.

i(Cerberus on the right; in Texergue, DnR>l. Reduced weight ounce? (good style). jE^ 40—60.

G. of Naples (901).

1045. — Hairless head of Hercules to the right, the club behind the neck.

Granite.

GIPOUE 403

]{ Doe on the right. breastfeeding young Télèphe (left) and returning head to lick it. In the field, on the right, >K; in Texergue, DnR>|. Granite.

Ounce of reduced weight (?) (good style). &^. 40—60.

C. of FraDce (LuyQes), 4 gr. 45.

1046. — Head of Telepheus (or of Capys, the mythological founder Capua) wearing a Phrygian cap. Granite.

1046 1047

1^ Doe on the right, turning her head and suckling young Telephe (right); in the epigraph, DTTR>I; sometimes, in the field, the symbol >K.

Semuncia (?) (good style). A*. 15-30.

c. from France (Luynet), 1 gr. 20. — C. of Berlin (37 and 38), 2 gr. and 2 gr. 28. — G. of Naples (902-903), et Coll. Santangelo (769-72). — G. of London (14). - Carelli, DNA. (25), 2 gr. 05. — Coll. SamboD.

1047. — Head of Pallas to the right, wearing an Athenian helmet. Gre- netis. i( Elephant on the right; in Texergue, 3nN>|. Granite. Semuncia (?) (good style). I. *vs-i. 15—30.

C. of France (Luynes), 2 gr. 52. — G. of Berlin (43 and 44), 1 gr. 44 and 1 gr. 76. — C. of London (21). — G. of Naples (904), and Santan- gelo (773-774). — L. Sambon {Recherches et GareUi, Adn. (24), 2 gr. 87. — GoU. Sambon. Cfr. the coins of Paestum.

1048 1049

1048. -- Diademed bust of Juno right, scepter on shoulder. Granite. i( Winged Lightning; above, the symbol >K; below, DTTRM* Granite.

28

4Ô4 HOOD

Semuncia (?) (boa style). I". 20—40.

C. of BerliQ (33), 1 gr. 64. — Coll. Sambon. — G. de NapIes (Coll. Santangelo 775 and 776).

1049. — Juvenile head to the right, wearing a Phrygian helmet. Gre- netis. ij Trophy; in the exergue, DTTFM.

Semuncia (?). I * */*. SO-60.

c. of Naples (905), 0 gr. 97 (good style).

Oscan stele found in Capua (British Museum).

GAPOUE 405

11. — After 217—211 BC. AD

ELECTRUM COINS

1050. — Bifrons — “Janus geminus” — beardless and crowned

of ears. Grenelis. ^ Jupiter in a quadriga leads to dr. by Victory; he

holds left hand. the scepter and spear from the right hand. the

lightning. Granite. Dry style. // (electrum) * V2-3. 40—80.

G. de Berliû (10 and H, Campanische Munzen, p. 165), 2 gr. 77 and 2 gr. 85. — C. of Naples (1353-54), et Coll. Santangelo (1460-65). — G. France, 2 gr. 83. (D'Ailly cites the following weights, 3 gr. 10; 2 gr. 92; 2 gr. 72 and 2 gr. 63 (F.D.G.) et Coll. Luynea, 2 gr. 85 and 2 gr. 58 (F. D. G.) — C. of Vienna, 2 gr. 85 and 2 gr. 70. — Rome, Vatican, 2 gr. 80 and 2 gr. 79. — G. de Lomïres, 2 gr. 98 and 2 gr. 95; 2 gr. 78; 2 gr. 66. — G. de Gotha, 2 gr. 95. Fr. Hultsch passed the test of the two exemptions, of the G. of Berlin; they contain only 29 0/0 gold and 71 0/0 dVgent.

406

CAFOUE

BRONZE COINS

1051. ~ Laureate head of Jupiter on right. Granite.

i^ Eagle standing right, wings outstretched, thunderbolt in . greenhouses; below, DTTR>i or ?rm>i (Luynes).

405!

Dextans (?) (poor style). A» */*-*^ 80—100.

C. of France (597), 22 gr. 42 and LuyDes 26 gr. 23. — C. of Berlin

(29), 25 gr. 23. — C. of Naples (854) and Coll. Santangelo (101, 702),

27 gr. and 27 gr. 80. — L. Sambon (Research), 26 gr. 84 and Carelli,

DNA. (2), 22 gr. 17.

iÛo2

1052. — Same types; on the reverse, to the right, a crescentj index of the half the value of the main coin; in Texergue, 3nfl>l (1) or inN>l [sic) (2). Quincunx(?) (summary style). I'. 30—60.

(1) c. from France (599), 13 gr. 15 and Luynes, 12 gr. 05. — G. de BerUn (30), 12 gr. 85. - C. de Napies (Santangelo, 747). — (2) G. of Naples (855).

ATELIA

Atella ("AteXXa) (1) was located, halfway, on the road which from Capua to Naples, near the place where A versa was published and between the current villages of Sant-Arpino and Sant-Elpidio; we have found in fact, at this place, a large number of inscriptions and antiques (2). Atella and Calatia were intimately associated with Capua, and Polybius (3) considers them as Kaicuavûv Ttveç.

During the Second Punic War, after the Battle of Cannae (216 BC), Atella was one of the first cities to declare itself in favor of Hannibal (4); it was taken by the Romans shortly after Capua, and the inhabitants? were trailed with the greatest severity rity (5), Livy tells us that Atella was delivered to the inhabitants of Nuceria Alfaterna, town which had been burned by Hannibal.

The coins all seem to predate the year 217 BC. AD, they bear the abbreviated legend Aderl. The types are similar to those of Capua and probably allude to the victories won by the Romans against Pyrrhus, and at the foedus aequum stipulated with Rome.

It is in the town of Atella that the Atel- lanae fabulae, popular comedies and buffoons very popular with the Romans and which, according to Livy, were introduced to Rome around 240 BC AD; they were also called osci ludi.

1. Strab., V, iv, 11; Ptol., III, 1; Plin., III, ix, 11.

2. Holslen, Not. in Cluv., p. 260; RomanclH, yoU III, p. 592.

3. 3, 118.

4. LiY., XXII, 61; SU, lia/., XI, U.

6.App. Hann., 49; Ut., XXVI, 16, 33, 34; XXVII, 3.

4Ô8

ATELLA

BRONZE COINS

(After 250. — Around 217 BC)

1053. — Tele laureate of Jupiter, right; behind, j.

f| Jupiter standing in a quadriga led by Victory towards the right. He holds the scepter in his left hand and throws

lU5â

the hand of dr. lightning; under the horses' legs, ^4^flR

or ^43flR; to, Texergue, ••••.

Quadrunx (pretty good style). I^®. 80—120.

C. of Florence, 29 gr. 60. — C. of Berlin (1 and 2), 24 gr. 38; 27 gr. 63. — C. of London (i), 27 gr. 23. — C. of France (546), 25 gr. 85. — C. of Glasgow (1), 24 gr. 42. — C. of Naples (781-82) and Coll. San- tangelo (625-627).

1054

1054. — Laureate head of Jupiter on the right. ; behind, {» Circle or stone very tight netis. T^ Two Italic warriors standing, taking oath on a

ATELLA

409

young pig which they each hold in their left hand; left, {; in the exergue, ^43flR- Grènetis. Biunx (summary style). iE«-7 (pi. V). 25—40.

C. of Berlin (3-6), 13 gr. 53; 10 gr. 63; 11 gr. 05; 13 gr. 35. — C. of London (3 and 4), 13 gr. 58 and 11 gr. 55. — C. of France (548), 13 gr. 92. — C. of Glasgow (2), 13 gr. 15. — C. of Milan, 12 gr. 52. — C. of Naples (183-87) et Coll. Santangelo (628-631). — Coll. Sam good, 12 gr. 80. Garrucci (o.c, p. 90) cites a copy of the C. of Naples retyped snr a Campanian bronze: Head of Palias at left, front, ROMANO- i^ Eagle killing a thunderbolt in his claws, ROMANO (A. M, Borb. 11, XVI, 13).

1055

4055. — Laureate head of Jupiter on the right. ; behind, •. Granite.

ï( Victory standing, right, crowning a trophy; right, • ; in exergue, ^43flR. Granite. . Once (summary style). iE* *'*"« */*. 30-40.

C. of Berlin (7-9), 7 gr. 53; 5 gr. 88 and 4 gr. 70. — C. of France (550 retyped), 5 gr. 53 and (551), 7 gr.25. — Coll. Santangelo (632-634).

1056

1056. — Head of Helios facing; to left, •. Granite. i^ Elephant on the right; in exergue, 3flFl. Granite.

Once (summary style). I* */*-'. 40—80.

C. of London (5), 4 gr. 50. — C. of France (Luynes). — C. of Naples (789).

1057. — Laureate head of Jupiter to right. Circle.

410 ÂTELUL

i^ Eagle standing right, wings outstretched; in front, ^^gflfl.

Circle. Semuncia or reduced weight ounce (poor style).

I". 40-80. Aac. Coll. L. Sambon {Minervini Oss,, p. 21).

CA.LATIÂ

Galatia was located on via Appîa, between Capua and Béné- wind (1). She declared herself in favor of Hannibal, after the battle from Cannae, in 216 BC. BC, but was taken over by the Romans in 211 and the territory of Atella having been given to the Nucerins, the Âtellani were forced to transfer to Calatia. In the 19th-12th centuries keys, the documents mention a church dedicated to S. Maria ad Calatiam and replacement of the old city is indicated still by Roman ruins between Caserta and Maddaloni, small town of Galazze (2).

BRONZE COINS

(After 260, around 210 BC)

1058. — Laureate head of Jupiter, right; behind, j.

i^ Jupiter in a quadriga galloping to the right; he

throws lightning and holds left hand. a scepter; above- under, ••••; in Texergue, KNPNTI- Grènetis. Quadrunx (pretty good style). A* */«. 50—100.

ÂDC. Coll. Deir Erba. — C. of Naples (Santangelo, 637).

1. Strib., V, p. 249; VI, p. 203.

2. PellegriDi, Disc, délia Campania, toI. I, p. 372; Romanelli, vol. III, p. 588.

412

CALATIA

1050. -- Laureate head of Jupiter, right; behind, î. Grèoetis. i^ Diane leading a bige towards the right. ; above, • * ; to

Texergue, |TR4R>I. Circle. Biunx (pretty good style). A« «/*. 40—80.

C. of France (Luynes), iO gr. 50. — G. of London (1), 13 gr. 18.

1059

1060. — Laureate head of Jupiter, right; behind, {. Circle. ^ Jupiter standing in a bige galloping to the right;

he brandishes the thunderbolt and holds his left hand. the guides and a

scepter; in Texergue, KRlRTI- Grènetis.

Biunx (mediocre style), iB« */« ^ 40—80.

C. of France (Luynes), 13 gr. 65. — C. of Berlin (1), 13 gr. 47. — C. of Naples (Santangelo), 638. — L. Sambon (Rech,), 12 gr. 21 The copy of the C. of France is restamped on a Roman coin.

1060

1061. — Laureate head of Jupiter, right. ; behind, *.

i^ Victory standing, right, erecting a trophy; in Texergue,

ITFHR>I. Once (summary style). R.” 30—60.

C. of France (Lnynes), 5 gr. 12.

1062. — Laureate head of Jupiter, right. ; behind, •. Granite.

CALATIA

413

^ Free horse galloping towards the right, below, • ; in Texer-

gue, ITN^R>I. Once (mediocre style). I* "/*. 30—60.

C. of FraDce (559), 6 gr. 80. ~ C. of Naples (SaDtangèlo, 639).

1061

1063. — - Laureate head of Jupiter to right. Granite.

i^ Trident iron on left, TR'IR>|. Granite.

Reduced weight ounce (poor style). A* */î. 30—60.

G. of Berlin (2), 3 gr. 15. — C. of Naples 791. See on this mon- naie, CaTedoni, Bull, InsL, 1850, p. 198 and Millingen, ^nc» corners,, 1^3,

VELECH4

(After 250, around 210 BC)

This city is known to us only by its coins, and according to their types, their legends and their origin we place it in Campante. There is a series of serious aes (semis, iris, sexlans and ounce) bearing the initials CE- Garrucci (o. c, p. 37 and 90) made note that the name of the village of Pallica, between \tella and Naples, was formerly spelled Polvica and Pulbica; but he aver- tit that sowing is not used in camp coinage nien, and that the use of the six globules as an indication of sowing is common in Sicily. Garrucci further suggests that the Velekans may have taken their name from the god Vulcan (CEAXANOZ) like the Mamertines of the god Mamers.

We can also think of incursions of the Volcei, near the country Hirpinians.

BRONZE COINS

1064. — Head of Helios facing; on each side, a globule. Gre- netis.

^^U,y/\A

1064

i^ Elephant walking right. ; above, CEAEXA; in Texergue, two globules.

VELECHA 415

Sextans (mediocre style). iE.^-? 1/2. 50^100.

C. of Berlin (p. 164), 13 gr. 93 (re-stamped on iioe currency of Mamertia (Messina). T. of Mars, APE02> ^ Cornupetous Bull; above, MAMEPTINIIN). — C. of Munich (retyped on a currency of the Mamertines). — Compare with Yuncia of Atella having the same types.

1065

1065. . Head of Helios facing forward. Grenetis. i^ Horse bust right. Circle.

Uncia (mediocre style). iE^* */«. 30-60.

G. of Berlin, 6 gr. 85 (re-stamped on one ounce: Head turned to the right.

i{ Rider on the right; below, ROM A 7 gr. 41; 4 gr. 73. — C. of France

(Luynes), 5 gr. 52. See: Friedlaender, Ann. Inatil., 1846, p. 150;

Aveilino, Opusc, II, p. 4; Fiorelli, Ann. di Numism, I.

COMPULTERIA

Compulteria or Combulteria was located on the right bank of the Vulturne, between Calatia and Allifae. Livy places her in the Samnium and cites it among the cities which declared themselves for Hannibal and which were taken over by Fabius Maximus (1). The site of the town was determined near the village of Alvignano. The documents Middle Ages mention the town of Santa-Maria di Culture. The Oscan inscription of the coins is in the genitive case.

BRONZE COINS

(Circa 268-240 BC)

1066. — Laureate head of Apollo, left; behind, O; in front,

rt1VM43T^3nV>l or VM43TP3nV>l (Luynes). Granite. i^ Androcephalous bull walking towards the right, the head of

face, and crowned by a Victory which hovers in the air. Litra (?) (good style). I*. 5—10.

C. of Naples (SaotaDgeio 181-82). — C. of France (414), 3 gr. iO.

1067. — Same types; behind the head, n (1) or h (2). I*. 5-10.

(1) C. of Naples (910-13). — (2) C. of Berlin (11), 6 gr. 32.

1068. — Same types; behind the head, V. JE*. 5—10.

C. of BerUn (1 and 2), 5 gr. 20 and 5 gr. 50. — C. of Naples (San- tangelo, 183).

1069. — Same types; behind the head, oval shield.

j£4. 5_io. C. of London (3). * 1. UV. XXIII, 39 and XXIV, 20.

GOMPULTERIA 417

1070. — Laureate head of Apollo, left; behind, >|; in front, mVM43T^3nV>|. Grenelis.

i(Androcephalic bull, head facing, moving towards the right, and crowned by Victory hovering in the air; above- under, 12.

Litra (?). I*. 5—10.

a from France (Luyues, 160), 5 gr. 64. — C. de Berlio (8 and 9), 3 gr» 91; 4 gr. 45. ^ Coll. Santangeio (785). Coll. Sambon.

1071. — Same types; behind the head, O; registration, I11VM43T-

^3nV>l(l) or lt1VM43TP3nV>l(2)or VM43TP3nV>l (3); aui^; 12. iE*. 5—10.

(1) C. of France (472 A), 5 gr. 64. — C. of Naples (907-9). — (2) C. from Berlin (7), 5 gr. 32. — C. of France (472), 5 gr. 68. — (3) C. de Ber- flax (5 and 6), 3 gr. 42 and 7 gr. 31 and Luynes (161), 5 gr. 68.

1071

1072. — Laureate head of Apollo on the left (anepigraph); behind,

uncertain letter. Grènctis. i^ Androcephalic bull, head facing, moving towards the right, and

crowned by Victory hovering in the air; in Texorgue,

....M43Tl3nV.. Litra (?). I*. 8—15.

G. of Naples (Santangelo, 790).

1073. — Same types; at i^, under the bull, |2; in Texergue,

...M43T>l3n... JE*. 8-15.

Friedlander, Osk, Munz., p. 5, ft. I, no. 2.

ACERRAE? (Acerra)

The moQDaie bearing the Oscan legend ^||>l>INfN iiV>l>tR 'd summer first attributed by Avellino to the small town of Marcina on the Gulf of Paestum, between Salerno and Àmalfi, because of the reading fault Makriis{i). Millingen proposed Arpi or Salapia(2), Gar- ruccî, reading ^||>|>lNm MI>IMTSTFI on a Museum copy Kircher attributed it to Aurunca(3). L0bbecke(4) and Dressel(5), having read on a probably retyped copy, the inscription NEO- rOAITUNt offered to return this currency to Neapolis. Dressel describes it in fact under the heading: Neapolis mit oskischen A/atnen (fruher Aurunca), But Naples had no reason to change at this time the classic type of the litra and the fact that only one copy, among more than ten which are known, bears traces of the NEOROAITHN legend prove that it is a simple overstrike.

Friediander read the first part of the Akkriy inscription or Akuru (6); Dressel (7) reads from the copy of Berlin Akru or Akku; on a copy of Coll. Santangelo in Naples, he told me seemed to recognize Akrarim; on another, Akuawn. Until the appearance of a copy with a very clear legend^ we cannot make only guesses; but I think I can propose the attraction bution at Acerrae, F 'A^ep^ate of Strabo (5. 4. 8).

Makdiis = Magidius or Maccius is a magistrate's name. Acerrae was northeast of Naples^ and this name remained unchanged

1. Op., II, p. 127.

2. Coruid.y p. 193.

3. BuU. arcfi. Nap,, 1852, pi. IV, 4, p. 65.

4. ZUchr. fur Num., 1887, XV, p. 35.

5. Cheerful. Berlin, III, 1, p. 148.

6. Osk. MûnU,, p. 63.

7. Cat. Berlin, p. 148.

ACERRAE? (ACERRA) 419

in that of Acerra which is home to a small village occupying the site cement of raacieûoe cited. Strabo speaks of it as a city of a certain importance, taking with Nola and Nuceria a share active in commerce which, via the Sarno and the small port of Pompeii, was done with Lucania and the ships along the coasts of Gulf of Paestum. Livy tells us that it was classified as early as 332 av. AD, by Rome, among the civitates sine suffragio[\).

BRONZE COINS

(Circa 270—250 BC)

1074. — Laureate head of Apollo on the left; behind, coat hook.

^ Dolphin swimming on left. ; above, m... V^>IR or H1- • V>l>iR: below, ^||>|>|Rki1(2) and club.

1014

Litra (?) (good style). I *. 40—100.

C. from France, 5 gr. 40; 5 gr. 75; 5 GP. (c”). — C. of London (p. 75), 5 gr. 10. — C. of Berlin, 5 gp. 74. — Kircher Museum (Rome). — Coll. Santangelo, 5 gr. 60; 5 GP. 46; 4 GP. 85. — Coll. Lôbbecke (C. of Berlin). This last piece has on the obverse traces of the name NEOPO* Al TON) probably due to an overstrike.

1. Book. Vlll, 17; Festus, Municeps el Praefeclura, p. 127, 142, 233, ed. MûUer.

2. The name Maccius is very rare, we read it in an iDscription found in Pompeii {Giorn. degli scavi^ 1881, p. 141).

VENAFRUM

The attribution & Venafrum of the following currencies is uncertain.

BRONZE COINS

1075. — Head of Pallas k g. with Corinthian helmet.

i{ Rooster standing right. ; on the left, a star; to the right, Fg'NRF (according to

Garrucci) and FEINFIE (according to Macdonald). Litra. I. “1/2-*. 40.

Coll. Hanter, Glasgow et al. Garrucci.

Mr. Macdoaald observes that even admitting the reading of Garrucci, the use of the F would not be correct for Venafrum and we would expect to find C and 8 instead; but the coins of Nuceria offer examples of F for C or 8* L> of Venafrum, however, is brief and we cannot explain why it is rendered osque by El*

Garrucci also publishes the following coin, from his collection, from a find made at Frosolone in Samnium.

Laureate head of Apollo left; in front, mva^NN3 (?)•

androcephalous bull on the right, crowned by Victory;

between the legs^ K* (On Apollo's cheek, two globules in countermark).

COINTING WITH ROMANO LEGENDS

OR ROMA<'>

Campania is generally attributed with most of the mon- naies bearing the legends ROMA or ROMANOi and some authors would even like to concentrate almost all this coinage in Capua, given the great importance of this city under Roman rule; but the style of the pieces is too variable to allow such convenient classification. Others numismatists consider these coins as belonging to military issues, struck here and there, depending on the events ments, for the distribution of the spoils. Roman generals, war- king in Campania, would have used the workshops for this purpose monetary assets of the cities occupied by their armies. This hypothesis, very ingenious, has gathered numerous adhesions, but it seems unacceptable to us.

In our opinion, this misunderstands the organizing spirit of the Romans than to stop at such a hypothesis. We saw that the Sammites-Campanians, in many ways precursors of the Ro- hands, had, between 380 and 326, established a monetary convention which was to accustom Samnium, Campania and Apulia to a currency of identical weight and type; commerce found there a great advantage and this was done without any constraint. The Romans, around 300-280 approximately, followed this example, seeking song to be extended on a larger scale, and tried to re- regulate the trade of occupied or allied cities by a currency based on the Campanian system, and put into a precise report with the cast bronze coins of Latium. These currencies should have taken place under the same conditions as those of cities

1. See for this coinage: Babelon, Desct*. hist. and chronol, currencies of the Roman Republic, Paris, 1885-1886 and Bahrfeldt, Le monete romano-cam^ pane, Riv. //. di Num., Milan, 1899.

42â COINAGE WITH THE ROMANO OR RÛMA LEGENDS

"allies" to which Rome had conceded or confirmed modern law netary; but they singularly hindered the extension com- Mercale of Italian coinage.

The great abundance of coins with the legend ROMANO or ROMA (a populo romano or a Roma) (1) sufficiently shows importance of this first attempt; she received a form even more precise” when, from 268 BC. AD, during When the denier appeared, coins were minted for Italian trade. didrachms and drachmas of a unique type^ and little by little we made cease the minting of autonomous silver currency in almost all the mints still open in Italy.

The mass allocation of these coins to Capua gradually took place. took substance without it being supported by evidence; even recently Haeberlin thought that the Romans had, at the end of the 4th century, two workshops, one in Rome, for the minting of bronze, the other at Capua, for the minting of Targent. The assumption tion of Mommsen that Capua, from the year 318, would have been placed under the jurisdiction of prefects sent from Home, could give this hypothesis some semblance of truth; but the establishment of prefects at that time is today revoked in doubt and the fact that Ca- Poue was then one of the richest towns in Campania, does not result in coins being minted with the legend ROMANO* The coins of Capua with an osqué legend, in a style dry and of a very special technique, totally different from that coins with the legend ROMANO" belong to the years 268-211 BC AD; they offer a single important connection with the coin with the legend ROMA; (:*is the type of dextans modeled on the quadrigatus struck after 268 BC. AD

In addition, the silver and bronze coinage to the legend ROMANO or ROMA> must be divided into several series which offer between them there are very noticeable differences in style and manufacturing.

I therefore believe it is useful to put the question in abeyance, because the tribution to Capua is only a stopgap. Here are some considerations new rations:

l^' The didrachms of the type of the bearded head of Mars and horse bust, as well as the bronzes of the head type

1. To compare with the inscriptions: a populo Suessano^ a populo Calenot a Tiano,

COINAGE WITH LEGENDS ROMANO OR ROMA 433

of Minerva and the bust of a horse, are imitated at Cosa in Etruria and by the Eisalpine Gauls.

2' The head of Apollo on the didrachms with the legend ROMANO offers three varieties; these three varieties have a striking anology with coins from Benevento, Saessa and Cales; this same head is found on the Campanian aces as certain authors wanted to attribute to Capua, but which could very well be by Suessa. Not only is the head of Apollo completely similar to that of the didrachm of Suessa and the litrae of Suessa and of Shims; but we still find in this series the head of Dioscurus which recalls the desuUor of the currency of Suessa. Garrucci himself carefully noted the provenances; he cites the observation of Father Mar- chi that these aces are found on the coast near Rome (the serious aes p. 64). A copy comes from Cervetri; three from Tarquinii; qua- torze of Vicarello (with a large number of the summultiples of the same series); from the Fucinus we removed an ace and several fractions. At Bovianum (Samnium) several fractions of the same series.

Garrucci gives great importance to the index provided by the stips of Vicarello and attributes this series to Saura Faliscorum. But although the abundance of these currencies demonstrates that one should not search very far, we must not forget that the offerings at these famous thermal baths were often made by sick people came from neighboring regions.

3* Coins n^» 1093-1118 with the head of Rome and the Vic- tory attaching a crown to a palm, have in common with the currencies of Cales the simultaneous existence of symbols and letters; some of these symbols are even identical in design. tick: club, wing, sword in its sheath, torch, trident, cantharus, squeak of abundance, Argive shield, pentagon, etc.

4° Roman-Campanian coins are rarely found Capua; almost never at Gumes where excavations were carried out on a very large scale, nor in the vicinity of Naples. They were found in great abundance in Samnium (1), in

!. A. Eyans, Horsemeny p. :212, find from Bénévent, and E. Gabrici, Notizie scavi Lincei.

424 COINAGE WITH THE ROMANO OR ROMA LEGENDS

part of Latium and in Picenum(l), in the country of Marses(2), in Apulia(3), in Calabria and Basilicata(4) and very often together with pieces from Suessa, Cales and Teanum (5).

5"* The type of the bridled or free horse on the coins with the legend ROMANO or ROMA has not yet been explained; he can do allusion to the importance of the Italian cavalry in the wars supported by Rome in the 3rd century BC. We find this type in Macedonia, at Garthage and on the coinage of the Cartha- ginois in Sicily (6). A pretty little Syracuse gold coin. struck around the middle of the 4th century bears a free horse, launched gallop. The coins of the Campanians at Entella also offer the val dragging the torn bridle. We know that the coins of Taranto since the 5th century highlighted the Thabiieté of the Tarentines in the horse riding arena; little by little, the admirable organization Tarentines for the cavalry spread among the Italian militias. liotes; games and horse races found a welcome enthusiastic in several cities. We saw on the mon- naies of Suessa an allusion to the race of the desuUores, Rome in his wars, especially in that against Pyrrhus and in the first Punic War, used the cavalry of his confederates. Until At the time of the Samnite Wars, Rome had relied solely on his infantry, and even the dictator, fought on foot; the legend recalled that in 299 BC. B.C.^ old Fabius Verrucosus had been the first to mount a horse on the battlefield (7).

These considerations make me very cautious in attributing Romano-Campanian series, and I believe that it is still necessary know to gather other clues that could put us on the spot good path.

1. Nolizie scavi, 1885. — G. de Petra, Notizie scavi, 1896, trauSize of CaseU- gocto, p. 65-66 and discovery of Tortoreto, p. 366.

2. L. Sambon, Research^ p. 33 and Garracci, Bull, arch.y 1860.

3. G. de Petra, Notizie scavij 1896, p. 210, find by Garife.

4. L. Sambon, Research^ p. 32, find from Basilicata.

5. L. Sambon, Research^ p. 29 and 33. — De Petra, Nolizie scavi Lincei, p. 366.

6. Legends about the founding of Carthage mention the discovery of a head of ox and then of a horse's head^ at the place where the foundations were defined- tively discarded.

7. Oros., IH, 22, 8. — A cameo published by Visconti (Opère varies, t. III, pi. Y, p. 435) shows us a horse's head on the arm of the throne of Jupiter Capitoline.

Base of Campanian cup from the 3rd century BC. AD

NOMINE ROMANORUM

GOLD COINS

a) After 260—203 BC. AD

1076. — Hairless, laureate Bifrons — the “Janus geminus” of the aes grave of VoUerra and the coins of Rhegium and Capua. Granite. i^ Two standing warriors (a Gampanian and a Roman?) ready such an oath on a young pig that an aged pontiff takes noodle; in the exergue, ROMA.

1076

Aureus of six scruples = 24 Campanian drachmas (good

style). Ar4-*V2. 300—500.

G. of BerUn (8), 6 gr. 76 (gap). — G. of France (67), 6 gr. 85 and Loynes, 6 gr. 86 and Ailly. — G. of London, 6 gr. 87 and 6 gr. 82 (GoU. Payne-Knight). — G. of Vienna, 6 gr. 82. — G. of Turin, 6 gr. 80. — G. of Florence, 6 gr. 85. — G. of Bologna, 6 gr. 83 (gap). — G. de Napies (1351 and 1352). — G. of Marseille, 6 gr. 72. — There is a wrong corner.

1077. — Same types; under the bifrons, XXX; to ij, ROM A- Aureus of 4 scruples; value, 30 aces?

Ar3.

426 NOHINE ROMANORUM

C. of London » 4 gr. 47. — C. of Vaticao, 4 gr. 46. ​​— ​​Coll. Weber, 4 gr. 49. — The auiheQticity of this piece is doubted. See Bahr* feldt, Le Monele Romano-Campane^ in Riv, Num. by Milad, 1899.

1078. — Same types; on the reverse, ROMA-

Half aureus of three scruples = 12 campanian drachmas.

Ar« 1/2. 150-300. c. of BerliQ (9), 3 gr. 42. — C. de Franoe (69), 3 gr. 43 and Luynes, 3 gr. 37. — C. de la Haye, 3 gr. 42. — C. of London, 3 gr. 41. — C. from the Vatican, 3 gr. 37. There are many wrong corners.

b) Around 217—2H BC. AD

1079. — Bearded and helmeted head of Mars to the right; behind, Tiadice

of value, iX (60 sesterces). Granite. ^ Eagle on the right, wings outstretched^ a thunderbolt in the claws;

below, ROMA or ROMA or ROMA-

3 scruples r= 60 sesterces (careful drawing). iV* V^3, 60—100.

C. of France (72 and 75), 3 gr. 39; 3 gr. 38; 3 gr. 32 (F.D.C.) and Luynes, 3 gr. 37 and Ailly. — G. of Berlin (1 and 2), 3 gr. 42; 3 gr. 35.

— C. of London, 3 gr. 41; 3 gr. 36. — C. of Vienna, 3 gr. 36; 3 gr. 32.

— G. of Glasgow, 3 gr. 36. — C. of Gopenhagen, 3 gr. 36. — C. of the Hague, 3 gr. 35. — C. of Turin, 3 gr. 33. -- G. of Naples (1355), and Goli. Santangelo (1466).

1080. — Same types; in the field of the i^, in front of the eagle, an anchor,

Ar2i/î-3. 80—100. C. of France (71), 3 gr. S5 and Luynes, 3 gr. 37. — C. of Berlin (3), 3 gr. 35.

— Vatican, 3 gr. 29. — C. of Naples (1356) and Coll. Santengelo (1467). — G. of Gotha, 3 gr. 30.

1081. — Same types; on the reverse, a staff. iV2 1/2-”. 100—120.

G. of France, 3 gr. 36. — G. of London, 3 gr. 34. — Donkey. Coll. Mountain.

1082. — Same types; on the reverse, a pentagon, AT* l/î-3. 100—120,

G. of London, 3 gr. 31. — Donkey. coll. Montagu, 3 gr. 35.

1083. — Same types; on the reverse, a spearhead, N 2 «/2-3, 120—150.

D’Ailly, Rech., 11, p. 412.

1084. — Same types; behind the head, XXXX-

2 scruples = 40 sesterces. No. 2. 150—200.

C. of France (Luynes), 2 gr. 25. — C. of Berlin (5), 2 gr. 24. — C. of London, 2 gr. 23 and 2 gr. 22.

NOMINE ROMANOBUM 427

1085. — Same types; behind the head, XX.

1 scruple =: M seslerces. n^ «/if i/î. 100—150.

C. of France (80), 1 gr. 10 et al. Lnynes, 1 gp. 12 and Ailly. — G. of Berlin (6 and 7), 1 gr. it and 1 gr. 12. ~ C. of Vienna, 1 gr. 11 and 1 gr. 05. — Valican, 1 gr. 10 and 1 gr. 08. — G. de Gotha, 1 gr 15. — G. of London, 1 gr. 11. — G. of Naples (Santaogelo, 1468).

1086. — Same types; behind the head, XX; in the field of the reverse, an ear of corn. N 1 i]%, 100-150.

G. of Bologna, 1 gr. 10. — Donkey. Coll. von Moltheim, 1 gr. 12. — Coll. Bignami (Capitol in Rome), 1 gr. 09. — Coll. Sarli, I gr. 02.

428

NOMINE ROMANORUM

SILVER COINS

a) Around 300-275 BC. AD

1087. — Bearded and helmeted head of Mars, left. (copied from the head of the hero Leucippus, on the coins of Metaponto); der- behind, oak leaves and an acorn, i^ Protome of a bridled horse (modeled on Siculian coins). carthagi noises) on a base with the inscription, ROMA/^0 or ROMA^O or ROMANO or ROMAATO; on the left, a cob.

1087

1090

Didrachm (good style, vigorous drawing). A*-^. 5 — 20.

C. of France (22 to 24>, 7 gr. 07; 7 gr. 34 and Coll. Luynes, 7 gr. 32. — G. of Berlin (67 73), 7 gr. 34; 7 gr. 39; 7 gr. 40; 7 gr. 42; 7 gr. 39; 7 gr. 32; 7 gr. 54. — C. of Milan, 7 gr. 60. — C. of Glasgow, 7 gr. 48; 7 gr. 46. — C. of London, 7 gr. 45. — C. of Turin, 7 gr. 42 and 7 gr. — C. de Gotha, 7 gr. 33. —C. from Copenhagen, 7 gr. 09. — C. of Naples, (4387-1393) and Coll. Santangelo (1545-54). — Coll. Haberlein, 6 gr. 68. — Hague Court, 6 gr. 50 (good preservation). — Coll. Thor- waldsen, 6 gr. 40 (good consery.). A. Evaus {Horsemen of Tarenlum, p. 93) attributes these coins to Tan 338; I believe they are not recent. The C. de France (Coll. Luynes) has a false coin, a tridrachm^ having on one side the head of Parthenope from the coins of Naples and the other the horse protome with the legend ROMANO* It is pro- probably a corner of Becker although it does not appear in the list coins attributed to this forger.

1088. — Bearded and helmeted head of Mars on the right.

F^ Protome of a horse on the left, on a base bearing traces of the legend KOmm-

NOMINATE ROHANORUM 420

Didrachm (summary style). I^^^IK 20.

Ck>ll. Bignami (Gampidoglio), 6 gr. 37 (furred).

1089. — Bearded and helmeted head of Mars to the right. Grèoetis.

i^ (concave) Protome of a bridled horse on a base, left. ;

behind, an ear with two leaves; to the right, ROMANO-

1/5 of a drachma? iSL*. 40.

Donkey. Coll. Sangiorgio (sold in Paris in 1869). See FiorelU, Ann. di Num., I, p. 23, pi. I, no 9. — Bahrfeldt, Moneie Romano- Campane^ 1899, pi. II, 26. L. Sambon {Rech., p. 124) says: this piece single weighed exactly 0 gr before being cleaned. 70.

1090. - Laureate head of Apollo on left; in front, ROMANO. (The form of TA is: A> A or A). Granite.

v( Free horse galloping towards the right; above, star at sixteen

rays. Sometimes, indication of the terrain.

Didrachm (beautiful style). iSL*-* */*-«. 8—20.

C. of France and Luynes (130), 7 gr. 50. — G. de BerUn (43 and 44 with A and A) » 7 gr. 30; 6 gr. 97. — C. of Glasgow (with A) » 7 gr. 35 and 6 gr. 38 (with flOMANO)* - C of London, 7 gr. 32; 7 gr. 15 and 6 gr. 80. — Hague Court (A)* 7 gr. 24. — This guy has been imitated on Lucerian aces.

1091. — Same types and legend; to i| the star has only eight rays.

JÇ^4-4 1/2. 8—20.

C. of Berlin (45 and 46, with A) « 7 gr. 30; 7 gr. 16. — G. of Copenhagen, 7 gr. 27. — C. of Turin (A), 7 gr. 09. — C. of London (A), 6 gr. 84. — Coll. Philipsen, 7 gr. 30. Dress up! (Berlin Cat., 1, m, p. 56) attracts Tatten- focus on the great resemblance of the head of this didrachm to the one which is engraved on the coins of Benevento. We are also struck by the resemblance white with coins from Suessa, Teanum and Cales. See for the reverse the didrachms of Arpi.

1092. — Head of young Hercules on the right, with emerging beard, the hair surrounded by a band; the remains of the lion attached to the neck, the club on the shoulder. Granite.

i^ The she-wolf on the right. breastfeeding the twins and flipping the TV to caress them. In the exergue, ROMANO (we find the following forms of A: A» A, À, A, A, A).

Didrachm (good style, vigorous drawing). JSi* V^-». 5—20.

C. of France (33), 7 gr. 14 and Luynes, 7 gr. 30 (139, with A). — C. of Berlin (107-110 with A), 6 gr. 94; 6 gr. 91; 7 gr. 29; 7 gr. 09 (111- 112 with A), 6 gr. 83.7 gr. 01.— C. of Gotha, 7 gr. 20. (A). — C. of Copenhagen, 7 gr. 20. — G. of London (with A^ 7 gr. 16; 7 gr. 06;

430 NOMINE ROUANORUM

7 gr. — C. of the Hague (with A\ 6 gr. 83. — C. of Turin (with A)» 6 gr. 71. — Coll. HaeberliD (with A) » 7 gr. 15. — Restner Museum, IlanDover (with A) y 7 gr. 16. — Coll. Bahrfeldt (with A)? 6 gr. 35. Note the resemblance of the head of Hercules to those of the coins Syracusans in the eras of Agathocles and Pyrrhns; the type of She-wolf is found on a coin from Cydonia, Crete. A.Evans {florsemen of Tarenlum^ p. 93) attributes these coins to Tan 310; I believe them to be more recent.

1093. — Goddess TV to the right. (Minerfe?) wearing a phry helmet- gien, in leather, ending at the top with a head of griffin; behind, peace of plenty. Granite. 1^ Victory standing to the right^ attaching a crown to a palm; on the left, ROMANO; to the right. one of the following letters fronts: A or A (a), A(6), H(c), I(d), I or H (e), A (^), M {g), O (A), P (t), 2 0'), T (A) or BB (/), AA (m), 21 (n).

1093

Didrachm (beautiful style). A* */*-5. 8—20.

(a) C. of Berlin (118), 6 gr. 50 (with at i^«A)* — ' C. London, 6 gr. 48. — C. of Naples (1389-99, with A). — (6) G. of Naples (1400). — (c) Seyfer Catalogue, II, p. 1, n. 3. See. Bahrfeldt, Monete Romano- Campane, 1899, p. 20. — (d) C. of Vienna, 6 gr. 59. — (e) C. de Ber- linen (119), 6 gr. 59. — C. of Milan, 6 gr. 50. — C. of Copenhagen, 6 gr. 33. — yew) C. of Berlin (120), 6 gr. 68. - C. of France (30), 6 gr. 61. {g) Coll. Santangelo (1541). - (h) C. of Hamburg, 6 gr. 80. — (t) C. of Naples (1402\ — {fj C. of London, 6 gr. 63. — (*) Coll. Gamicci, 6 gr. 40 and C. of London, 6 gr. 62. — (Z) C. of Berlin (121), 6 gr. 46. — C, from Glasgow. — (m) C. of Glasgow (29), 6 gr. 65. - C. of Berlin (122), 6 gr. 62. - (n) C. of Glasgow (31), 6 gr. 63.

1094, — Same types; behind the Icle, a pentagon; at ij, in the field, the letter f- A* V*-^. 10—20.

Coll. Haeberlin, 6 gr. 55.

1095. — Typical kids; behind the head, a club at the ri, in the field

HH (“) or 00 (b) or CICÏ (c). A*i/i-5. 10-20.

(a) C. of Vienna, 6 gr. 44. — C. of Naples (1405). — Coll. Santangelo

(1542). — {b) C. of London, 6 gr. 54. — (c) C. of Berlin (127), 6 gr. 44.

NOMINB HOMANORUM 431

1096. — Same types; behind the head, a dog on the left; to the i^, in the

field, K (a) or FF (b). -SL * */«. 10—20.

(a) Coll. Haeberlin, 6 gr. 74. — (b) G. of Glasgow (33). 6 gr. 49.

1097. »- Same types; behind the head, a (rident; at the l^, in the field, K. A* «/«-S. 10-20.

Coll. Gamicci, 6 gr. 40.

1098. — Same types; behind the head, a scepter; at ij, in the field i (a) or 00 {b). «.* i/î-5. 10-20.

(a) Babelon. — {b) G. of Turin, 6 gr. 45.

1099. — Same types; behind the head, a wing; at f|, in the field,

O. A4 i/2-5. 10-20.

G. of Vienna, 6 gr. 78.

1100. — Same types; behind your head, a caduceus; to the l^, in the field, T (“) or A A (A). HAS* "/*". 10—20.

(a) GoU.Thoraaldsen.— (6) G. of Amsterdam. — G. of France (25), 6 gr. 44.

1101. — Same types; behind the head, a shield; to l{, Y (a) or X(^)

or rr(c). A^i/î-s. 10—20.

(a) Gol. Lobbecke. — [b] Aiccio Gatalogua, p. 13, n" 42. Bahrfeldt, o. c, p. 21. — (c) G. of Naples (1404).

1102. — Same types; behind the head, a ring; at i|, in the field,

y. A4 i/i.5. 10—20.

G. of London, 6 gr. IF.

1103. — Same types; behind the head, a sword with sheath; to ijj

in the field, Clia) or \\{b) or MM (c) or ZZ{d) or 00 (e) or nn (/). ' A4 i^2.5. 10—20.

(a) G. de Gotha, 6 gr. 61. — (b) G. of Berlin (123), 6 gr. 51. — G. of France (29), 6 gr. 63. — G. de Gotha, 6 gr. 40. — (c) G. de Gotha, 6 gr. 32. — G. of France (31), 6 gr. 52. — G. of Parma. — {d) G. of Berlin (125), 6 gr. 58. — GoU. loiliooNBlamer. — G. of France (28), 6 gr. 62 and Luynes (131), 6 gr. 69. — (e) Gol. Lobbecke, 6 gr. 67. - (f) G. de Ber- linen (127), 6 gr. 44.

1104. — Same types; behind the head, a drawbar; there, in the field,

cï (a), rr w or 00 (c). a 4 1/Î-5. 10-20.

(a) G. of Naples (1403). — (b) G. of Vienna, 5 gr. 72. — (c) G. of Naples (1406).

1105. — Same types; behind the head, a quiver; to the l|, in the field, MM. A4 i/î-S. 10-20.

G. of London, 6 gr. 45

432 NOLFFLNE ROMANORUM

1106. — Same types; behind the head, a flower on its stem; at i^, in

the field, EE- A* i/»-». 10—20.

G. of Pesaro,

1107. — Same types; behind the head, a star; at l|, in the field,

EE (a) or II (6). A* t/«-5. 10-20.

(a) G. of Pesaro. — G. of France (27), 6 gr. 54. — (6) G. of Vienna, 6 gr. 62. — GoU. Sarti.

Ii08. — Same types; behind the head, an ear of corn; at l^, in the field,

EE (a) or KK [h) or A A (c). A* i/«-5. 10-20,

(a) C. of France (26), 6 gr. 62. — [b) G. of Turin, 6 gr. 60. — (c) Coll. Haeberlin, 6 gr. 63.

il09. — Same types; behind the head, a vase; at l|, in the field, HH. At 4 1/*-”. 10-20.

GoU. Lobbecke, 6 gr. 70.

1110. — Same types; behind the head, a tripod; at ^ in the field,

©0 (a) or 00 W or XX (c). A* 1/^5. 10-20.

(a) Riccio Gat., p. 13, no. 46. — ​​Bahrfeldt., o. c, p. 21. — (b) G. of Milan, 6 gr. 50. — G. of France (32), 6 gr. 65. — (c) Riccio Gat., 2 suppl. p. 2, n. 3.

1111. — Same types; behind the head, an anchor; at i{, in the field,

It (“) or YY (b) or XX (c). A* W«-5. 10-20.

(a) Riccio. Gat., p. 13, n. 45. — (6) G. of Glasgow (32), 6 gr. 32. — G. of Naples (1407). — (c) G. of Milan, 5 gr. 82.

1112. — Same types; behind the head, a knotted stick; to the l^, in the

field, MM. A* */*-5. 10-20.

Babelon.

1113. — Same types; behind the head, a bunch of grapes; at ^, in

the field, MM (“) or ZE {b). A4 1/2-5. 10—20.

(a) G. of Berlin (124), 6 gr. 30. — (b) G. of London, 6 gr. 61.

1114. — Same types; behind the head, a vine leaf; at ij, in the field, Zl- A 4 i/W. 10 - 30.

GoU. Gnecchi, 6 gr. 35. — Goll. Bignami (Gampidoglio). — See Bahr- feldt, 0. c, pi. I, no. 2.

1115. — Same types; behind the head, a crescent; at ij, in the

field, pp. iSL*

G. of Berlin (126), 6 gr. 45. — G. of London, 6 gr. 60.^ G. of Gotha, 6 gr. 54.

NOMINE ROMANORUH 433

{lie, — Same types; behind the head, a helmet \ au l^, in the field, y^y^. A* 1/2-5. 10—20.

Coll. HaeberliD, 6 gr. 26.

1117. — Same types; behind the head, a bath of Priapus; at i^, in ' the field, 0. ^^ */«^. 10-20.

Riccio. Cat., 2 supplements p. 23, n. 5.

1118. — Same types; behind the head, a torch, in the yew, in the ' field, yy (a) or flfl [h). ^^ '^^' 10^20.

(a) C. of Naples (Sanlangelo, 1543j. — (6) C. of Naples (Santangelo, 1544).

b) Around 280—268 BC. AD

1119. — Laureate head of Apollo to the right. Greûetis.

ij Free horse galloping to the left and rearing (indi- cation of the land); above, ROMA* Circle. Didrachma. JR^*i^.5-20.