Numismatics of Ancient Africa, I — vol. I — 1860

L LOLLIUS.

With the name AOAAIOY.

Head of Jipiter-Ammn. Ç\ Cirile chair.

383. Head of Jupiter-Ammon to the right; in front, a scepter; behind, 8. Above the head, two or four small lines. Garnetis around the edge. Ç\ AOAAIOY Sella curulis; between the legs of the chair, A. Grenetis around the edge. I. 9. 23.1—13.7 (us.) gr.*)

1) The Count of Borgnes! assumes the same as Osserv parts. p. 71.

to the Greek legends are the first. Cavedoni 2) Cab. from Milan, Copenhagen (17.7 gr.) and Stockholm.

20

154

CTHENAlQUE.

384. Other similar; on the right, S and four small lines; on the reverse, t". (Fig.)

M. 9. 23.1 gr. 1)

385. Other; on the right, S and four lines; on the reverse, A. JE-$. 17.0 & 14.o(us.)gr. 9)

386. Other; to the right, fl and four lines; on the reverse, H. M. 9. 22.6—15.6(us.)gr.* B)

387. Other; on the right, S and four lines; on the reverse, IA. I. 9. 21.9 g. 4)

388. Other; to the right, S; on the reverse, K. M. 9. a)

389. Other; to the right, S and two lines; on the reverse, Kl". (Fig.) I. 9. 21.9* 17.7 gr. H)

390. Other similar ones, on the reverse of which there appears no numeral letter, which however may have existed there. I. 9. 27.4— I3.0(us.) gr.* 1 )

Head é"ip*A. I)-. Snudaln.

391. Laureate head of Apollo to the right, his hair surrounded by a headband and falling in regular locks lines; behind the shoulder, the bow and the quiver. In front, B. Grenetis around the edge. r>. AOAAIOY Dromedary standing right; below, B. Grenetis around the edge. (Fig.)

J3.7. 13.8—8.0(us.)gr. ,s)

392. Other similar; to the right, B; on the reverse, E. M.~. 13.0 & 9.0 gr. 9)

393. Other; on the reverse, F. JE. 7. 9.9 g. 10)

394. Other; au reverB, IB. M.6. 7.7gr. (us.) n )

I) Cal), from Stockholm.

1) Cab. of Paris and Munich (Seatini Descr. nom. vet. .

p. 563 n«9, Incorr. drr.j 8) 7 copies from different collections. 4) Cab. of Vienna (Eckhel Cat. mut. Vind. I p. 284 i»M,

Mionnet No. 145, Incorr. deer.) *) Sestlni Mus. Hederv. III cont. p. T6 n»5 (Mionnet S.

n»65), Incorr. dec. a) Cab. from Stockholm and Vienna. î) 10 copies of different collections and catalogs.

i°U7), Copenhagen, my. Vind. It p.48n<7 lab.I.u, i) and Naples. U8J and Gotha (Liebe Gotha

S) Cab. from distant Paris.

Vienna (2empl„ Cat.

Mus. Theupoll I p. 59n

8) Cab. of Paris (Mionn. n

nnm. p. 393 §7 11g.). 10) Cab. by In Haye.

n) Cab. of Vienna (Cat. mua. Vind. Il p. 48 n»8, tab.1,1», Mlonn. n*l49). Perhaps the pieces in this series have They all get a B right.

L0LLIU8.

lob

eVAptllta head. Ifr. Caduëe between ■■ cob and u pa«t. 195. Head of Apollo, right, hair surrounded by a headband and falling in long, regular locks lines; behind, A. Grenetis around the edge. I}-. AOAAIOY Caduceus combined with a ear of corn and a poppy; below, A- Grenctis around the edge. JE.Z. 4.6gr. 1 }

(96. Another similar one; in front of the head, an indecisive oblong object; on the reverse, B.

iE.3. 4.9&4.lgr.*)

With the name L. LOLL1VS.

Head Jeiae disdenea. ft. Wrile chair.

397. Hairless head right. , surrounded by a diadem; in front, a scepter and the letter perimeter. Ij-. L. LOLLIVS Sella curulis; between the legs of the cellar around the edge.

398. Other similar; to the right, B; on the reverse, [\ AL. 9. Other; to the right, B; on the reverse, A- (Fig.) Other; or right, B; on the reverse, F.

401. Other; to the right, B; on the reverse, H.

402. Other; to the right, B; on the reverse, O.

403. Other; to the right, B; on the reverse, I.

399. 400.

Grenelis Grenetis I9.8gr.«) lfi,6gr.*«) 24.5 gr.'} 16.6gr.*|

20.4 gr.')

24.5 gr. 8) I.9. 9)

Creeper head. That. Deer.

404. Head of Diana right; behind the shoulder, the bow and the quiver. Garnetis around the edge. Ifr. L. LOLLIVS Deer standing right. Garnetis around the edge. M. 8—7. 12.8—8.8 gr.*,0)

i) Cab. from Dresden and Berlin.

i) Cab. of Paris (Thés. Horell. p. 350 Lolita 11g. C; Mlon- net ti=U3. Incorr. decr.) and Vienna, you are for lack of Dan that we don't see a letter behind the head.

a) Cab. of Vienna (Mua. Theup. 1 p. 59 n» I j. Cf. Patin Fam. rom. p. 158 n»S, Vaillant Nuro. Fam. Tab.86.1.

4) G copies of different collectlotia.

if Cab. from Vienna and Berlin.

a) Cab. by Parla.

1) Cab. from Milan.

S) Cab. from Vienna; Sestinl Hua. Baderv. 111 cont. p. 76 n* 3 (Hlonn. S. n"83).

9] Sestinl Deacr. nutn. vet. p. 563 “'He from the coll. Àluslle.

(ef. Mua. Hederv. Wiewi Num. rom. p. 32 n»648,£?) 10) 10 copies from different collections. Some- some, not being well preserved, may have carried dei Isolated letters.

20*

156

CYBENAIC.

■105. Similar lair; in front of Diana's head, B; bous le suede, A.

406. Other, with or without B in the right; on the reverse, B.

407. Other; to the right, B; on the reverse, [".

406. Other, with or without B in the right; on the reverse, A.

409. Other, without apparent letter of law; on the reverse, E (?).

410. Other; to the right, B; on the reverse, F. (Fig.)

411. Other; to the right, B; on the reverse, Z.

412. Other; to the right, B; on the reverse, H.

413. Other, with or without B in the right; on the reverse, I.

414. Other, the letter with indistinct law; on the reverse, IB.

415. Other; to the right, f or no apparent letter; on the reverse, II".

416. Other, without apparent letter of law; on the reverse, IA.

417. Other; to the right, r or no apparent letter; on the reverse, IF.

418. Other; to the right, l~; on the reverse, 12.

419. Other, without apparent letter of law; on the reverse, K.

I. 7.«)

M. 8—1. 11.6 4 10.0 gr.)

I. 7. 12.1 *9,ogr.^

I.'. 10.7&9.6gr.*|

M. 7. 8,Bgr. 5 |

I. 7. 11.7—9.8 gr.*°)

I. 8. 1l.6gr. T)

I. 8. 10.7 gr.)

M. 7. 8.0 gr. 8)

JS.7. 11.4 4 11.0 gr. 10 ]

(Fig-)

I. 7. 12.0—9.9 gr.* 11 )

A.6f 9.4 gr. 1")

I. 7. 12.4 and 9.4 gr. u |

I.7. 11.6 A11,ogr»|

I.*.**]

wool. r>. Cawiie.

420. L. LOLLIVS Club; in field i Garnetis around the edge. (Fig.)

Ç\ Laurel wreath, in which T. JEA. 4.3&4.lgr. 1*)

i) Sestini Mus. Hederv. III conL p. Te n'6 (Mionn. S. n«G7).

a) Cab. de ParU (Thés. Morell. Lolita D.; Cal. d’Entier? p. 17i n°465, Mlonn. 11*155) el of Munich; Seatlnl Description num. vet. p. 563 »«12, Mua. Hederv. (II conL I). 76 ri* 7 (Mionii. S. n»68). Mus. Fontana I p. 126 No. 3 and 111 p. 35 n»3 (Hionn. S. t." 70, incorr. dec.)

he Cab. from Stockholm; Sesllni Mus. Hederv. III conL p. 76 n*8 I incorr. dec.),

4) Mus. brit, cab. of. Vienna, coll. of Fontana (Scstini Mus. Fontana 1 p. 126 n»4 and III p. 95 n°4, Mionn. S. n»71), Cal. d’Ennerç p. 175 n*465.

a) SesllnlMus. Fontana 1 p. 126 n°5andlll p.95n°5 (Mioun. S. no. 72).

here 6 copies from different collections

t) Cab. of Paris (Mlonn. n° 156).

i catalogut

i) Cab. of Paris” (Mionn. o» 157),

i) Milan Cab. II.:.. CaL mus. Vlnd. He p. 47 i.° 4.

i) Cab. of Vienna!Mus Theupoli p. 59 n*4), from Berlin

and Stockholm. Cat. dfcnnery p. 175 n°465. ) Cab from Munich, from Vienna .'Mus. Thcupoll p. 59 n'5),

from Berlin, Paris (Cat d’Ennery p. 175 n*465) and

United:. SetUnl Mm. Hederv III cont. p. 78, n*9. t) Cab. of Vienna (Cat mus. Vlnd. Il p. 47 n*5). i) Mus. hrlt el cab. of Pans .Cal. by Ennery p. i75n*465),

Sestinl Mus Hedeiv. III oonl p. 70 n"J0 (Mlonn. S.

n«75). ■ji:;. of Pans iValIInnl Num Tarn. tab. 86, a, Hionn.

ri-- i.' *■ ri coll de Thoniaen. .) Cal JEnnerj p. 175 0*465. M.onnet n»l69. :j Cab. of Paris (2 examples, Mioun. n°153).

LOLLIUS. 157

421. Other, similar; to the right, B; on the reverse, in the crown, A. M. 4. 4.3— 4.0 gr.* 1 )

420

Some scholars of the last century reported a number of previous coins to the Galatia, because this country, being made a Roman province on the death of King Amyntas in 25 (BC), received as prefect a certain Lollius, and who is also found on coins from Galatia of this time a head of Diana, a deer and a caduceus linked with an ear of corn and a poppy. Against this opinion Eckhel has already argued that the Lollius who was prefect of Galatia, had the first name Marcus and not Lucius, and that the types are the same as on the coins struck by the other Roman magistrates of Cyrenaica or are perfectly suited to this country. 2) Sestini pointed out that these currencies come mainly from Barbary, notably from Tripoli. 8) They are also generally attributed to Cyrenaica.

The question first arises, whether the magistrate whose name is written AOAAIOY, is the same as L. LOLLIVS. Each of the two series has its particular types, with the exception of the curule chair; the pieces of the 1st series offer an oblique edge blank depending on the manufacture Egyptian, those of the 2 of, a flan with a rounded edge. The order that seems natural is the one that coins with Greek inscription preceded those with Latin inscription; we could therefore believe that the coins with the name of L. Lollius are later, and that they succeed those of Pupius which have Greek legends. However, it is more likely that it is the same Lollius who had the coins of both series minted. 4). 11 there is a parallelism remarkable between these series; each includes three species conforming by weight, of which the 1" has for the reverse type a curule chair, the 2 of, an animal; both series carry a isolated letter on the right and a numeral on the reverse, B on the right being associated with A—I on the reverse; the artistic work of the two series is very similar. Juba 11, king of Mauritania, did the same minting coins with either Greek or Latin legends. The name of L. Lollius, on the coins transferred into Greek, had to be put in the genitive case and without a first name, since it had been customary to thus inscribe the names of magistrates on autonomous currencies. It is not appropriate to inter- wedge the coins of Pupius between the two series in the name of Lollius, because they differ from Tune and on the other by the more vile work and by the construction of the curule chair, while under the same relationships, as well as by the types of the ram and the serpent, they are close to the mon- Scato nais.

i) Cab. from Paris (2 examples, Mionn. no. 154), from Vienna 4) Sestini (Mus. Hederv. III cont. p. 76 no. 5, cf. Mionn. S.

(Eckhel Cat. mus. Vind. II p. 48 n«6, tab. 1, 10) and n«65) described a piece with A. AOAAIOY on the re-

king of Sardinia. towards; but among the large number of currencies which

2) Eckhel Doctr. V p. 237-238. Cf. Borghesi in Cave- were examined for this work, none bears A

doni Osserv. p. 67. before the Greek name.

s) Mus. Fontana 1 p. 126.

158 CYRENAICA.

Lolli was a plebeian family, several of whose characters are known in history. Eckhel assumed that Lollius who struck these coins was the same as Palicanus whose name is registered on the following n"434, and his full name was L. Lollius Palicanus] he would have therefore served as prefect of Cyrenaica under Augustus. 1) This opinion was refuted by the Count of Borghesi*), who is of the opinion that our Lollius is the same as L. Lollius, one of the fifteen legates of Pompey, who during the war against the pirates was stationed in the Aegean Sea, and who, according to his conjecture, in 687 u. c. (67-66 BC) would have gone to Cyrenaica and reduced to a province Roman this country, because its maritime cities would have taken the side of the pirates. This Lollius does not would, however, have stayed only three years in Cyrenaica, as the Italian scholar points out, because than in 690 u. c. he besieged the city of Damascus with Metellus Nepos. Anyway, L. Lol- lius, who issued the coins we are dealing with, was undoubtedly the first proprietor tor of Cyrenaica.

The guys. On the right we see the heads of the same main deities as on the autonomous currencies: those of Jupiter-Ammon 8), Apollo 4) and Diana, and another young and diademed head (on the following n 0f 397) which is difficult to determine. Havercamp pre- summed up that this head represents Ptolemy Apion which would have been placed on the coins because of his friendship for the Romans, an explanation which Eckhel did not find improbable. 5) Cavedoni 6) pre- It's nice to see Battus, first king of Cyrene. 7) The stick, decorated at the end, which is placed in front this head as well as in front of that of Jupiter-Ammon, was taken by M. Cavedoni 8) for a volume or papyrus roll, signifying the will of Apion by which Cyrenaica had been ceded to Rome; according to the opinion of this scholar it is too short for a scepter. 9) But the stick is too much thin for such a roll; it extends to where it is cut by the neck of the head or by the edge of the coin; when it seems short, this is where the imperfect conservation of the This room only allows you to see part of it. 10) We can take it for the scepter of the god n) or beros, before whose head he is. However, when we consider that this scepter is seen in front of two different heads on the same pieces which bear the curule chair on the reverse, and that on the coins of “Pupius (n°* 422-423) a stick is placed near the magistrate’s chair Roman, we are led to believe that it is an emblem of the dignity of the propraetor. The guys at The reverse sides all differ from those of autonomous currencies. The sella curulis was, as we knows, the insignia of the magistrates who were called curules, in particular of the proconsul and the propraetor;

i) Doctr. V p. 237. 7) Mr. Lindberg takes the lead for that of Apollo, and the

2) In Cavedoni Osserv. p. 65-67. scepter for its attribute It is not in favor of

3) In the description of the head of Jupiter-Ammon there is this opinion, that the head of this god is found on the sometimes found cited that it is surmounted by a disc n°* 39 1-396 with another head of hair and attributes (Mionnet n«» 144-145, cf. Morelii Loliia tab. n» 4) or different.

of a lotus flower (Sestini Mus. Hederv. 111 cont 8) Osserv. p. 78.

p. 76 n° 5, Mionnet S. n°65). On no coin 9) By Sestini the stick on n°402 is called spiculum.

we did find the head of Jupiter-Ammon as well as Mus. Hederv. III cont. p. 76 No. 3.

represented. Maybe it's the little features. io) On the engravings of nos. 384 and 399 the lower part

(see p. 159) which misled the numismatists. of the stick does not appear, because the coin is worn out

4) The head of Apollo on No. 396 was wrongly called in this place.

head of a woman by Mionnet (n°143). u) On No. 194 Jupiter-Ammon is represented with a

5) Eckhel Doctr. Y p. 237. scepter in the arm. 8) Osserv. p. 78.

LOLLIUS.

159

by this type Lollius is therefore designated as propraetor (cf. p. 153). The object placed on the chair has was generally taken for a crown *); a crown was often offered in homage to the prefect of the province *), and on Roman funds she is seen more than once on the curule chair. But it should be noted that this object does not have the shape of a crown on any part 8); on the coins of Pupius and Palicanus (n°* 424 following and 434) the object which occupies the same place on the seat, is often rectangular in shape and can in no way represent a crown; maybe be it is simply the cushion of the chair. The dromedary is a type which relates to Libya or which designates the trade which was carried out by caravans with the interior countries of Africa 4). This inhabitant of the desert was hardly in use among the Greek Cyreneans, who used no doubt there were excellent horses for all kinds of work, of which the country abounded 5 ); the camel is not named among the quadrupeds of Cyrenaica by any ancient author before Synesius at the end of the 4th century; it was probably only during the time of the emperors that the cha- meaux were introduced from Libya. 6) The deer, judging by the length and shape of the horns, is a deer, an animal native to northern Africa 7); like currencies with deer on the reverse bear the head of Diana on the right, it is perhaps like the animal dedicated to this goddess that is represented there. A caduceus linked with an ear of corn and a poppy is an emblem of trade and fertility that are often found on coins from the Roman period. The club (on n° 01 420 and 421) is also found on the Ptolemaic coins, n° M 378-380, struck in Hespéris, on which it relates to the exploit of Hercules belonging to this locality (cf. p. 145) 8); the crown on the reverse of the same n" can also relate to Hercules; but he is also allowed to take it for a crown awarded to Lollius by the province 9), as well as that on the coins of Scato.

Above the head of Jupiter-Ammon we see some small features, two or four, most often straight and pointed; on all the well-preserved pieces they are very- marked. On the coins of Pupius there are two similar lines above the heads of Jupiter-Ammon and Apollo, see n° 424 following. We could take them for rays; on autonomous currencies the head of Jupiter-Ammon is sometimes found radiated or having the hair arranged like rays 10), and Apollo was also worshiped as god of the sun 11). It is true that the work of these coins is neglected and crude; However, this way of representing feeling the rays would be too strange. We are inclined to take these traits for marks workshop, which are not related to the head; on the coins of Carthage we discover very-

i) Thus by Eckhel, Sestini, Mlonnet and Cavcdoni II. This.

«) Eckhel Doctr. VII p. 6. Cavedoni Osserv. p. 76-77.

8) Patin, Vaillant and Morelli wrongly included a crown very marked in the engravings that they have data of these currencies.

4) On this trade, see Thrlge Res Cyr. §84.

b) See above p. 17 note 2.

s) See Pacho Voyage p. 242.

7) Cuvier Animal Kingdom (1829) 1 p. 262 note. Gervais Zoology and Paleontology franc. 2«« ed. (1859) p. 145. Van der Hoeven Zoology 1, 1. Herodotus (IV, 192), Ari- stote (Hlst.anim.VHI,28) and Pliny (Hist. nat.VIH,51) are agree in reporting that the deer (JÀapot, cervus) does not exist

not in Libya or Africa; but they say the same

thing of the wild boar, which is nevertheless found there in abundance

(cf. Wheeler Geogr. of Herod. p. 542-543). In a scene

of a hunter painted in a tomb in the necropolis of

Cyrene (Pacho Voyage pi. LU) we see a deer among the

animals killed. s) Mr. Cavedoni looks at the club as a symbol of

Libya, Hercules being father of Libes. Spicileglo p. 299.

Osserv. p. 76. s) See note 2.

10) See above p. 100. II) See above p 77 note 1.

1 60 CYRENAIQUE.

often above the head of Ceres small lines of different numbers, applied in the same way way, and which cannot be explained otherwise.

On the reverse we find a series of letters, A - Kl", which obviously are numbers numerals, 1 — 23. Havercamp regarded these figures as years of the administration of Lollius; Eckhel found this supposition unlikely, but left their meaning undefined 1); Sestini took them again for years 9). MM. the Count of Borghesi and Cavedoni, who the last ones treated these currencies, expressed no opinion in this regard. We could ask if the letters do not designate the different workshops of the Mint, as well as the first twelve letters of the alphabet on autonomous currencies n 01 252-262, or * different monetary issues. Neither can be admitted. These letters differ from those of n° 252 following. in that they are numerals and that they go higher. On n Oi 420eti21 TetA are placed in the middle of the piece surrounded by a crown; such place would be too prominent for a simple mint mark or issue mark. It is certainly more likely these numbers are years old. Bronzes struck in Alexandria during the reign of Augustus present on the reverse a year in a crown. The years can belong to a Cyrenean era dating from Tan where Cyrenarque was made a Roman province*), or one can refer to Lollius administration; whether we adopt one or the other, the coins were struck from 66 to 43 BC. Chr., Lollius being undoubtedly the first propraetor of Cyrenaica.

On the right the letters A, B and T are repeated. Sestini supposed that B, the letter which found most often, indicates Barcé 4); Mr. Cavedoni thinks that it designates the city of Béré- nice 5 ); but there was no city in Cyrenaica which had the letter I as its initial, which he should be explained analogically by a city. A is only seen on number 9,395 which bears A at the reverse; B is placed on coins with a Greek name whose reverse contains A— IA (or IB), (K) and KF", and on those with a Latin name whose reverse presents A — I; T enOn is found on Latin currencies • together with II"— IZ(etK) 6) on the reverse. If we want to suppose that these three letters designate years 7), this supposition agrees with the conjecture of Count Borghesi, that all these coins were struck by L. Lollius, legate of Pompey, who would have governed Cyrenaica only for 3 years; but in this case the figures on the reverse would be pharmacy marks, which is not hardly admissible. It is not likely that the letters A, BetT indicate the mone- silence, because, looking at the figures on the reverse side as years, one would have to presume that workshop A would only have been in use in year 1, B only during years 1 — 11 (or 12) and (20-) 23, r exclusively in years 13—17 (or 20). Nor can we think of three periods of the administration of Lollius or to a three times repeated nomination to the dignity of pro- praetor; because B on the right is associated with Kl" (or K- Kl") on the reverse, while T on the right is joined to If — \Z on the reverse. The only explanation that seems to remain is that A, Betf are

t) Doctr. V p. 238. 8) K is only found on the two n' 388 61419, cited

2) Mus. Fontana I p. 126-127, III p. 95; Classes gen. p. 174. according to Sestini and the Ennery catalog, and cannot by

3) It has been reported at such an era a year in a therefore be regarded as safe.

lapidary scrlption found in Cyrenaica, see Acad. 7) On a copy of n 9 406 Sestini (Mus. Fontana I

registrants Vol. XXI p. 35, cf. XXXVII p. 375. p. 126 n«3, and III p. 95, Classes gen. p. 174) read to the right

4) Mus. Fontana I p. 1 27. Aé which he explains by Avxafiaç J, year 4; but the lesson

5) Osserv. p. 78. of Sestini is undoubtedly not fair.

PUPIUS.

161

marks of monetary officers or lower magistrates. This explanation accepted, it It must be assumed that the character designated by B was in office at two different times, during years 1-11 and 20-23, the character T having replaced him during the intermediate time, or that two characters had a B as the initial of their names 1).

Sestini published a small bronze from the Hedervar museum, having on the "right the head of Apollo, on the reverse the Aesculapian serpent with the name AOAAIOY*); it was adopted by Mionnet and Cavedoni 8). Here are the reasons why we did not give this coin a place among the currencies of Lollius. According to the Wiczai catalog the legend is erased. The part is not located in none of the collections among which Wiczai's cabinet was divided. The currencies with the name AOAAIOY correspond to those with the name L. Lollius and Pupius in that they present three divisions, each having a single type; if the part in question was correct, it would be necessary admit in the Latin coins of Lollius a 4th division or double types in the 3rd division sion. Perhaps a poorly preserved copy of Pupius n°428 or Scato n°431 has misled Sestini. Finally, in the Museo Sanclementi 4) we find a room described in same reverse as n°396, the right of which would present a woman's head crowned with a silphium in front. This piece is undoubtedly none other than our number 396; the face probably does not have been well preserved, since in the engraving of the Sanclementi museum we do not see the towers on the head, nor the silphium in front of it.

Ao Pt PUS RIFl S.

Aries. Q-. Qaesteu island chair.

422. nOYniOC Aries standing right; below, L. 0*. (P)OY(POC TAMIAC Chair (aubatllium), to which a stick leans; below, a purse. In the field on the right, L. (Fig.)

I. 5. 6.8—4.0 gr.* 5 )

423. ANTICTPA Aries standing left; below, L. $. (ri)OYniOC TAMIAC Same type as in previous setback. M. 5. 6.0 — 4.1 gr.* 6 )

422

i) Mr. Lindberg similarly assumed that the letters in law are marks of monetary officers, those at setback of the years of Lollius' administration.

2) Description mus. Hederv. 111 cont. p. 76 nMl.

s) Mionn. S. n°76. Cavedoni Osserv. p. 77.

4) I p. 218, tab. XII, 141. Mionn. n*146.

s) 12 copies from different collections. The legends

are more or less imperfect. 6) Cab. from Berlin, from Paris (Mionn. n° 137), from Vienna, from

the Hague, Copenhagen and Bologna.

21

162 CYRENAIQUE.

Head of Jipiler-A »««. R-. Reclining chair.

424. AYAOC (fllOYniOC L Head of Jupiler-Ammon on the right; above, two small lines. Ç\ TAMIAI ANTICTPA Curule chair between two beams; in the field, left. L-, right. A. (Fig.) «-8. 13.8-9,ogr.*«)

425. KAI TAMIAC L Same head; above, two small lines. r>. nOYniOC (AiNTICTP(AT) Same type as on the previous reverse; in the field on the left, L. (Fig.) ^.8. 14.9—8.8 gr.* 1!

426. Other similar; on the reverse ù right., again A. JE. S. 14.2 — 9.4 gr.*)

427. Another similar one, without the letter L on the right and on the reverse. I. 8. 4 |

Head “ïtp.ll.a. If-. Serpeit.

428. Head of Apollo right. , hair hanging in regular locks and surrounded by a headband;

behind, L. Above the forehead, two small lines. That-. nOYniOC, Snake erect and folded;

below, L. ^.3. 3.2—2.3 gr.**)

The numismatists of the last century, Vaillant, Spanheim and Havercamp, reported these coins naies to Itithynia, believing he read the name of Nicaea on a poorly preserved copy. Pellerin *) first attributed them to Cyrenaica, to which country they have since been classified by Eckhel ') and others. The types and the manufacture do not allow us to doubt that this classification is just, although the magistrate whose name the coins contain is not known to history.

The varied legends probably all refer to the same character; by replacing one with the help of the other, we arrive at this result, that the one who caused them to be struck was Aulus the upius

1} Ciib. of Paris (Pellcrin Bec. I p. Xf, 4, Cat. d'Ennery p.I7D No. 495, Mkmii. ii»i ISSctl 3'J. inctirr decr.), of Munich, from Vienna and St. Pelersburg; Scslini Descr. uum vet p. 562 n* 7.

3) Cab. from Copenhagen, the Hague, Berlin and Fontana.

8) Cnb. Paris Island (Pellerin Bec. I p.Xl.ô; Hlonn. n°'l40et 141). becomes, fromSt.Petersburg i.EcklielDoctr.lVp.127) and Fontana iScstini Mus. Fontana I p. 125, tab.VI.S;

reads p.9ô n« 1). Settlol Dcier n.«p56?n'8. Mu”. Hederr. III cont p. 76 n«2. <) Mus. brit., cab of Vienna, of Stockholm et al. of

a) 7 copies from different collections Several times,

lack of flan. L on the reverse does not appear. s) Collection I preT XI sulv. 7) Doctr. IV p. 126-127.

PUPIUS.

163

Rufus, at the same time quaestor {xaplaç) and propraetor {à^tatçaTtjroç), that is to say quaestor muni of the authority of a propraetor. This is how Eckhel 1) and Count Borghesi 2) heard these legends. Sestini, however, was of another opinion. This numismatist believed that we could read on n°425 nOYniOC ANTICTP KAI TAMIAC, because the inscription on the face does not should not be read after that of the reverse, that therefore KAI does not mean and, but be the abbreviated name of a quaestor, Cœcilius or Cœltus, different from the propraetor Pupius on the reverse, in On que on No. 422 Pupius on the right is another magistrate than the quaestor Rufus inscribed on the reverse. At the same time the Italian scholar observed that a coin minted in Macedonia like Roman province bears on the right CAE PR, on the reverse AESILLAS Q. n) Indeed, if we do not con- were born until Nos. 422 and 425 following, these remarks would be weighty; but we can't hear the legends of n 01 423 and 424 other than a Pupius who was both quaestor and propraetor or quœstor proprœtore*). It happened from time to time that the senate charged a quaestor with power of a propraetor to govern a province, or that on the death of the propraetor a quaestor took up his position temporarily, or that a propraetor transmitted during his absence his authority to the quaestor. 5) The coins of Pupius, as we have already pointed out (p. 153), undoubtedly succeed the Greek coins of Lollius, the last of which, marked with the number 23, is probably struck in 43 BC. J.Chr. At this time Cassius, one of the leaders conspiring against Caesar, was propraetor of Cyrenaica without being present in his province 6); so it can be this one that our Pupius replaced as quœstor proprœtore. No. 422, on which Pupius is only called quaestor, is probably struck before the others, who also offer the title of propreleur. ')

The types of law are borrowed from autonomous currencies; the ram is also found on a Ptolemaic play. 8) The Aesculapian serpent on the reverse of n°428 is a new type, but had however been placed as an accessory symbol on autonomous currencies. We we have already spoken of the cult of Aesculapius in Cyrenaica, see p. 110. Under Roman rule the treasure was in the temple of this god on the acropolis of Cyrene*); we still see the

i) Doctr. IV p. 127 and 246-247.

2) In Cavedoni Osserv. p.72next.

3) Description num. vet. p. 662-563. Mus. Fontana I p. 125.

4) In the lapidary inscriptions this dignity is found likewise indicated by the words T AMI AS and ANTI- STPATBTOS linked by KAI, see. Eckhel Doctr. IV p.247.

M Eckhel Doctr. IV p.247. Paul y Real -Encyclopedia VI, 1, p. 102.

6) Appian Bell, civ III, 8; IV, 57. Cf. Cicero II Philipp. 38 and Dio Cassius XLVII.21.

7) In Cavedoni Osserv. p. 7 1-74 Count of Borghesi task of demonstrating that the coins of Pupius are minted before the year 727 u.c. (27 BC) where Augustus divided the provinces between himself and the senate, or well before 718 u.c. (36 BC) where Mark Antony gave Cyrenaica to the Aïs of Cleopatra. Among other things guments the learned Italian refers to a room with the in- scription norniOS POr4>OS ANTISTPA, in fact noting that the title of dvmnofiTtiyoç without addi- rafiiaç is not suitable for any magistrate of the

Cyrenaica in the period after 727. But the inscription on which Borghesi relies, is undoubtedly borrowed to Sestini (Mus. Fontana I p. 125, Classes gcn. p 174) who probably on a poorly preserved copy of n°423 read POY

s) Pellerin (Rec. I pref. p.XI), Sestini (Mus. Fontana I p. 126) and Cavedoni (Osserv. p 80) pointed out that these coins show a ram with a long tail and fat which is specific to the Libyan breed of sheep; but the tail offers nothing extraordinary. It is perhaps be as symbol of Ammon that the ram is placed on currencies, cf. n* 194 and 430.

9) Taciti Ann. XIV, 18.

21'

1 64 CYRENAICA.

ruins of this temple as well as the ancient and famous sanctuary of Basculapius in Balagrse not far from Cyrene. *) On the reverse of the other No. 9V we find the emblems of the Roman magistracy. The reverse of nos. 422 and 423, on which Pupius is named only TAMIAZ, presents the insignia of the quaestor: the chair called subsellium, a purse and a staff. Often these badges have not been properly explained. We specified the chair for a table or for sella curulis*)] but it differs from the curule chair by its construction and by the reticulated seat; it is the subsellium *), chair to which the quaestor and other lower magistrates were entitled 4). The object that is placed below, was called a vase or lustral vase 5); Mr. Cavedoni demonstrated that it is a scholarship (sacculus). 6) The inclined position (see n° 423) is perfectly suited to a full purse money; in the provinces, the main function of the quaestor was to levy taxes and make payments to Roman officials and soldiers. On tetradrachms minted in Macedonia by the quaestor Aesillas we see a casket [arcula) next to the subsellium, and on the Roman quinaries, struck by L. Sestius, proquestor of Brutus, a box (thesaurus) is placed below a such chair. 7) As for the stick, we find it in the same way on other coins placed near the quaestor's chair as belonging to his regalia. 8) On the reverse of n°* 424-427, to which the title ANTIZTPATH TOZ is added to that of TAMIAZ, we see the emblems which designate the authority from the propraetor: the sella curulis and \e& fasces with the axes; the curule chair did not belong to the quaestor, and the fasces which his lictors carried, were not equipped with axes. 9)

The letter L is placed on most coins both on the right and on the reverse; on numbers M 424 and 426 A are still added to the reverse. We took this last letter for an A 10); but several well-preserved examples show a distinct A. Sestini assumed that L indicates Avxdpaç, an, as on Egyptian coins 11); but no digit is added (besides A on Nos. 424 and 426), this explanation cannot be accepted. The letter L probably does not indicate a lower official, as well as the letters to the law of the coins of Lollius, because the letter corresponding Greek is sometimes associated with it; nor can it be regarded as a simple mint mark, since no other isolated letter is found, and by repeating it on both sides of the coin and by adding A, we obviously wanted to draw attention to it. There was no town of any importance whose name began with L. So there remains than to admit that these letters designate the province for which these coins are minted, the Libya, conjecture already proposed by Mr. Cavedoni. 12) We often find among ancient authors the names of Libya and Cyrenaica used as synonyms; it is not improbable that under Roman domination the name Libya was also given to the province consisting of Cyrenaica joined to Libya, and the country between Egypt and Syria was called by that name,

i) See. Barth Wanderungen p. 415-416 and 432. on the coins of Aesillas a cista bacchica, on those

a) Pellerin, Sestini and Mionnet 11. this. of Sestius, a modhu.

3) Asconius Pedianus in Divinat. (Lugd. 1698) p. 34. s) Thus on the quinairs cited (note 7) of L. Sestius and on

4) Eckhel Doctr. V p. 317-318. a denarius of L.Caninius Gallus.

5) By Sestini and Mionnet II. This. 9) Spanheim de ubu and praest. num. He p. 164. Ëckhel Doctr.

6) Osserv. p. 79-80. Mr. Lindberg takes it for an urn IV p. 248.

by vote; but the ballot did not belong to the function- 10) Thus Pellerin, Eckhel, Sestini and Mionnet, see. 11. this.

quaestor. p. 162 notes 1 and 3.

?) Sestini Lett. VI11 p. 135. Morelli Family. Sestia 11. Cohen 11) Descr. num. vet. p. 662-563. Mus. Fontana 1 p. 125-126.

Med. consular pi. 38, 8. Previously we thought we saw i»j) Osserv. p. 78-79.

••

FABRICIUS.

165

as well as the country subject to Rome to the west of Cyrenaica bore the name of Africa. This explanation of the letters L and A is corroborated by the re-use of the letter A* on tetradrachm no. 344 (p. 130), which seems to have the same meaning.

Above the heads of Jupiter-Ammon and Apollo we see two small features, sometimes straight, sometimes a little curved. They can be taken for an ornament; there are, however, stronger reason to regard them as mint marks, see p. 159. *)

L FABRICIUS PATELL1I1S.

429. L* FABRIC in a rectangular shelf, fixed against a post, erected.

ft. PATELLIV(S) Snake M. 7. 8.6 & 8.8 gr. *)

Eckhel 8), as well as his predecessors 4), presumed that this coin had been struck at Rome; according to the opinion of this scholar the imprint would relate to L. Fabricius who in 692 u.c. fit build. the bridge leading to Tiberia where Aesculapius had his cult. Borghesi and Cavedoni rightly attributed the currency to Cyrenaica. 5) Through the crude factory she moves away coins minted in Rome as much as it relates to others in this section; the snake Aesculapian is also found on the coins of Pupius and Scalo. The tablet that bears the name by Fabricius, is suspended from a pole, as a publicly displayed decree. 6)

The name on the reverse has not been correctly read or substituted. Vaillant took him for Paternus, Sestini for Paterculus; on the copy of the Paris cabinet the Count of Borghesi read with certainty

i) Sestini sometimes took these features for a lotus flower (Descr. num. vet p. 562 n*6et~), sometimes for an A (Descr. num. vet. p. 562 n°8, Mus. Fontana 1 tab.VI,5). Mr.Lind- bcrg sees the hair arranged in a particular way cular, referring to the head of Jupiter-Ammon on the coins of Sabratha in Syria.

2) Mus. British, cab. of Paris (Vaillant Num. /am. p. 431 tab. 63; Teas. Morell. p. 175 tab. 3.1, Cavedoni Osserv. p.81, fig., incorr. dec.); Mus. Pembrock 111 tab. 19.8 (Sales Cat. No. 782); Cat beyond coll. by Lorichs n° 211 9 (incorr. dec.).— In the drawings of this coin given by Vaillant, Morell i and Cavedoni, we read PR above the tablet. It is true that we can see these letters, in faint traces and irregular, on the copy of the Paris cabinet; but by careful examination we discover that the piece is engraved in this place, and that the letters are engraved by a modern hand. These letters are not found not on the specimen which is in the British museum, nor on those from the Pembrock and Lorichs collections; the engraving at Vaillant as well as that at Morelli (re-

produced by Cavedoni) seem to have been made according to the Paris copy. MM. Falbe and Liudberg judged these letters in the same way.

3) Doctr.V p. 210-211.

4) The opinions of earlier numismatists are found indicated in Morelli Teas. He p. 175.

&) Cavedoni Osserv. p. 72 and 81 following.

6) Messrs. Cavedoni and Borghesi (1. c. p. 8 1-83) call this tablet tabella securielata or subscus, table provided with two handles at coda di rondine, and suppose that it designates the said or the provincial program that Fabri- cius when he took office as proconsul of the Cyrenaica. On the well-preserved copy in the museum British tablet does not offer such handles, nor on the piece featured in the Pembrock Museum catalog neither. Mr. Cavedoni assumes that the tablet is placed on two supports or pillars; but by grace view given above we see that the pillars pro- run along the top so that the tablet is at the middle.

166

CYRENA1QUE.

PATEL which he replaced in Patella, PateUarius or PateUtnus. The distinct legend of the copy from the British museum shows the name to be Patellius. On the piece in the collection of Lorichs is PATELLI, which in the catalog of this collection is read P«ATELLI; but according to the analogy offered by the coins of Pupius, this name must be combined with that of the face. -Fabricia was a plebeian family of which we do not have any other currencies. Mr. Ca- vedoni thinks that the magistrate whose name is inscribed on this coin was the first pro- consul of Cyrenaica after the distribution of the provinces made by Augustus in 727 u. c. The Count of Borghesi is of the opinion that it is the same L. Fabricius who, according to the inscription on the bridge Tiber, was curator viarum in 733 u. c. '(

SCATO.

430. Ram standing right. ; above, a star. With or without garnetis around the edge. fy. CORS in the middle of a laurel wreath. (Fig.) I. £5. 10.1—4.9 gr.* 2)

431. Head of Apollo right. , the hair falling in regular locks and surrounded by a headband. Garnetis around the edge. Ç\ SCR Upright snake. Garnetis around the edge.

I. 3. 2.1—1.1 gr.**)

431

431

AUGUSTUS.

432. CAESAR TR- POT Head of Augustus right. Garnetis around the edge. Ç\ SCATO PR Chair curule. Garnetis around the edge. (Fig.) M. 7. 13.3 — 8.2 gr.* 4 )

433. CAESAR TR- POT AGRIiPP)A. Heads of Augustus and Agrippa, facing each other. fl\ SCATO PROCOS in a laurel wreath. I. 8. 19.2—12.4 gr.* 5 )

433

432

î) Gruteri Inscr. p. CLX, 3. See. Cavedoni Osserv. p. 72. It should be noted, however, that the first name Lucius was common in the Fabricia family, as we see by another inscription, Gruter. p. MXC1II, 10; cf. Teas. Morell. II p. 176.

2) 7 copies of different collections and catalogs.

8) Mus. brit. , cab. of Paris (2 example, Pellerin Lettres U

p 193, pi. IV, 3; Mionn. n°132) and Munich (Sestini Descr.

num. vet. p. 562 n°2, incorr. dec.h 4) Cab. of Paris (2 exemptions., Pellerin Rec. I p. XI, Mionn.

n«133), from Vienna (2example, Mus. Theupoli I p. 84, a),

mus. brit. and cab. from Stockholm. 6) 12 copies of different collections and catalogs.

SCATO.

167

The ram, the head of Apollo, the serpent, the crown and the curule chair are found as types on the previous n"s, and the manufacture is similar to that of the coins of Pupius and of Fabricius; we cannot therefore doubt that these coins belong to Cyrenaica. The star which we notice above the ram, is also added to the main type on the coins autonomous and royal; it leads us to believe that the ram is that of Ammon, who was confounded with the zodiac sign. 1)

The Count of Borghesi was the first to read, as the name of the magistrate, Scato? (; previously he was taken for S. Cato, attributing these coins to the Porcia family. 8) As on none of these currencies there is not a point between S and C, and that the following currencies do not present Like the magistrate's nickname, we must look at Borghesi's lesson correctly. Scato undoubtedly belonged to the Magulnia family, in which this nickname was found. 4)

Nos. 430 and 431, as they do not show the head or name of Augustus, are undoubtedly the first to date; Nos. 432 and 433, having TR POT added to the name of Augustus, could not be minted before the year 23 (BC), where he was invested with the dignity of tribune; but it is possible that they were struck some time later, because in the provinces, notably in Cyrenaica, as we see from the following coins, the number of the court was not like in Rome marked on the coins. PR on No. 432 must be replaced by PROCOS which can be read on the No. 433; these two initials cannot indicate proprœtor, since after Tan 27 Cyrenaica was no longer governed by a propraetor, nor quœstor proprœtore y magistrate who after this year was deputy to the proconsul, because Q does not precede 5); but it is possible that Scato "was that questor proprœtore, like Pupius, or questor*), like Capito, when he struck both first coins, on which no title is added to its name.

As for Agrippa, whose head is seen opposite that of Augustus in number 433, he is not not known to have visited Cyrenaica or to have stood in any special relationship with this province. Perhaps the head of Agrippa was placed next to that of Augustus only by reason that, being presumptive successor and vested with the highest dignities, he could be considered as co-regent of Augustus.

PALICANVS.

AUGUST.

434. IMP AVG TR P°T in a laurel wreath.

Q.” PALIK PR Curule chair. (Fixed. 8—6.16.3-6.9gr.*7)

1) See p. 100 rating 4.

a) See. Cnvedoni Osserv. p. 71.

8) To this same magistrate we still reported some other currencies, see below p. 171.

4) It is stolen by an Inscription from Prscneste at Mura- tori p.CXXXIi, 1. It is to MM. Borghesi and Cavedoni that we owe this information, communicated by the last of these scholars in 1844 in a letter ù Mr. Falbe. In the same letter is added the remark of Borghesi, that according to an inscription of a will testa gladiatoria the Magulnia family flourished in Rome

again in 693 u. c.

5) We could not have omitted Q before PR at the time when the governor of the imperial provinces was called own- tor, that is to say legatuê Augitêti proprœtore. Cf. Borg- hesi in Cavedoni Osserv. p. 74.

e) Sestini read a Q on the back of the copy of No. 430 in the Wiczay collection (Descr. Mus. Hederv. III cont. p. 75 Porcia n°l, cf. Mionn. S. n°78); but this letter is not found on the said piece, which passed in the Copenhagen office.

7) 9 copies from different collections.

168

CYRENAICA.

435. Same side. Q.” PALI PR. Same type.

436. IMP AV TR PO in the middle of the field. Q-.

437. Other similar; on the right, IMP AV TR P.

I. 5J. 5.3g. 1)

PALIK PR in the middle of the field. (Fig.)

fi. 6. 4.4 gr. 9) M. fc 5.4 gr. 8)

436

434

436

The curule chair and the factory lead us to conclude that these coins are struck in the Cyrenaica. The name Palicanus belonged to the Lollia family. Eckhel assumed that these coins would have been struck by the same L. Loliius as the following n°* 383. 4); but the count of Borghesi demonstrated that in manufacture they differ too much from those with the name Loliius to can be attributed to the same magistrate, and that they are from a later date. 5) There are Roman denarii bearing the name of a Palicanus, which feature a curule chair and types which refer to Mr. Loliius Palicanus, a fairly well-known tribune under Pompey in the year 70; the Palicanus which minted currency in Cyrenaica, is perhaps the same as this one. The currencies described here are struck after Tan 23 (BC), later than those of Scato, see p. 153 and p. 167. Pk indicates proconsul as well as on n° 432, refer to p. 167. 6)

CAPITO.

AUGUST.

438. IMP AVG TR POT in the middle of the field.

w®%

438

Vf. CAPITO Q in the middle of the field.

M, 6. 11.8 of 9.4 gr.')

i) Cab. of Copenhagen (formerly in the deWiczay coll., Sestini Mus. Hederv. III cont p. 76 n°12, Mionn. S. No. 77).

a) Cab. of Munich (Sestini Descr. nu m. vet. p. 562 n«4), coll. of Borghesi and Capranesi.

8) Cab. from Paris.

4) Doctr. V p. 237-238.

b) In Cavedoni Osserv. p. 66-67.

6) Sestini (Mus. Hederv. lit cont. p. 76 n°12, Mionn. S.

n°77) wrongly took the cushion from the curule chair for a crown, see p. 159. — In the cabinet of the Haye there is a large tessera of lead (from module 11) which was undoubtedly manufactured in Cyre- naic by a C. Loliius Palicanus. She carries on the right a hairless head and the letters APT, on the reverse a club, CL PALE and some uncertain characters. 7) Cab. of Munich (Sestini Classes gen. p. 174) and Co- Penhagen.

CAPITO. 169

This coin, because of its resemblance to the previous one, must have been struck in the Cyrenalcus, to which it was also attributed by Sestini and Borghesi. 1) Capito was a sur- name in the Oppia family. We know of coins with the head of Marc-Antoine, which are minted by Mr. Oppius Capito, prefect of the triumvir fleet and propraetor 9); a Mr. Oppius from time of the triumvirs is mentioned by Dio Cassius 8). The one who struck this coin was quaestor, as we see by the letter Q. The piece is later than those of Scato (see. p. 153), but we cannot say whether it was struck before or after those of Palicanus.

The monetary system. By examining how many divisions the mon- Roman coins struck in Cyrenaica, we will find four which separate one from the other so by the types as by the weights, namely three in the coins of Lollius and Pupius, four in those of Scato and two in those of Palicanus. Parts of the same types offer often such a great difference in weight that the question arises quite naturally, whether they do not include multiple divisions. Which leads us to believe that these pieces did not form that a single division is the circumstance that their weighings follow very closely one after the other; this is even the case with Lollius coins which are marked with the same letter or the same numerical figure, and which must have been struck in the same workshop, by the same official or in the same year; it is only in nos. 430 and 434 that we can with some probability admit several divisions. This difference in weight must be attributed to negligence or the arbitrariness of monetary officers, it seems, and not a legal system; because we found either between coins struck in the same year and by the same officer, or between those which belong to different years so that the pieces of such and such a year are stronger or weaker than those of the previous year as well as those of the following year. As for the names to be assigned to the different divisions, it is undoubtedly not to the divisions Greek monetary coins that these coins must be brought back, not even those with Greek legends. The weights of the 1st division considerably exceed the highest weight of self-coins. nomes while they correspond quite well to the weight of the Roman dupondius of that time. We elsewhere we find coins struck by Roman magistrates in the provinces which belong to belong to the Roman system, and there are currencies which have the names of Roman currencies written in Greek. 4) At the time when Cyrenaica was made a Roman province, the ace was of weight half ounce tsp. has. d. of 13.6 grams fr. 5); but under the triumvirs, according to Borghesi, between years 39 and 34, the ace was reduced to the weight of a quarter of an ounce at the same time as we understand began to strike the sestertius in copper instead of silver, and removed several fractions from the ace. 6)

i) Sestini Classes gen. p. 174. Borghesi in Cavedonl handl. der Gesellschaft der Wissensch. zu Leipzig 1

Osserv. p. 71-72. (1850) p. 335-336. Cavedonl Numism. bibllca ûbers.

2) Eckhel Doctr. VI p. 55-56. v. Werlhof p. 1 14 and garlic!. 8) Dio XL VIII, 53. 6) Borghesi in Cavedonl Numism. blblica ûbers. v. Werl-

4) P.e. coins of Chios, on. which the hof p value. 124 following. Mommsen Verfall des rômischen Mùnz- of 3, 2, 1 and \as is indicated in Greek. wesens, in Berichte der VerhandI. der Gesellsch. der

5) As semuncialiê. Bœckh Metrolog. Untersuchungen p.473- Wissensch. zu Leipzig III-1V (1851) p. 222 following. 474. Mommsen Das remission h e Munzwesen in Ab-

22

170 CYRENAIC.

The species that were emitted according to this reduced rate were: sestertïtis 1), dupondius, as, semis, and maybe still in his forties. 9) To apply these names to the currencies we deal with, it is first necessary to determine whether the coins are struck before or after the reduction of Tas; then, it is necessary to rule out the difficulties which arise from the great irregularity of the weight presented the coins of the same magistrate, as well as the discrepancy in weight which takes place between the divisions monetary positions of the different magistrates and the same between the currencies in question and the rate normal for Roman coins in general.

According to the preceding chronological observations, the coins of Lollius are struck before the reduction of Tas to \ of ounce (= 6.7 gr.), those of Pupius, at the very time when this reduction, the rest, after it. The three divisions of the coins of Lollius were therefore: dupondius, as and would be. The three divisions that comprise the coins of Pupius, offer weights much lower than those of the Lollius coins. We could take them for aces, sowing and quadrans of the same seed rate; but they agree better in weight with those of Scato and Palicanus, which are certainly struck according to the rate of the \ of ounce, than with those of Lollius, and it is very uncertain whether the quadrans were struck. We therefore find it more likely that these currencies are subsequent to the reduction of Tas to £ of ounce and that they offer the three same species as the currencies of Lollius. The coins of Scat contain four divisions. tions distinguished by types and weight. We could take the fourth division for the quadrans, since it offers such a small weight, lower than that of previous currencies; however- However, as it presents the same types as the Pupius seedling, it probably does not have had another value. The other three divisions therefore become: as, dupondius and sestertius. It is possible that the pieces of the types of No. 430 belonged not only to the ace, but also to the dupondius, the strongest surpassing in weight several pieces of the dupondius. The first first division, offering several pieces which considerably exceed in weight the dupondius of Pupius, suitable for the sestertius. The coins of Palicanus, if you only look at the imprint, made only two species, the lower of which must have been Tas; but the other species offering a series of weight from 16.3 to 5.3 gr., it is quite probable that it included two or three divi- sions. Table V added at the end of the volume, presents an attempt to classify currencies Romans of Cyrenaica according to monetary divisions.

It has been incorrectly classified among the coins of the Roman magistrates of Cyrena- that several pieces that we are going to cite.

In Mionnet there is classified as a bronze (M. 4) having a vase on the right, on the reverse an elephant and the name HIRTIVS.*) But we do not find an elephant on the coins of

i) Or Twmtmu, piece of 4 asses [TiTçaoeaçoy), the dena- is unlikely. 11 is doubtful whether the quadrans was

riua comprising at that time 16 asses. struck at this time. (Mommsen 1. c).

3) One-eyed if we assume that we have struck a braid again 8) Suppl. IX p. 189 No. 62; cf. the piece described in Num.

(in Cavedoni Num. bibl. 1. c. p. 128); but Mommsen Chron. VIII p. 36 n°l. (Verfall 1. c. p. 222-223 note 3) demonstrated that this

ROMAN COINS.

171

Cyrenaica, and the name offers no reason to relate the piece to this country. Another little one bronze with the head and name of Augustus, bearing on the reverse standing Jupiter and the legend S. ...PROCOS, is stored in Museo Sanclementi and Mionnet under Cyrenaica romana in S. Cato of the family Porcia 1); Sestini demonstrated that this currency belongs to the island of Cyprus. 8) Sestini and Mionnet finally attributed to the same S. Cato a bronze (M. S) with the head of Augustus (?), offering on the reverse the insignia of the quaestor, subselltum and arcula, with a Q.*) Sestini read on the reverse S. CATO and L.A.; but other examples of this coin, in the cabinets of Paris and Berlin, do not con- do not hold this legend, and the engraving given by Sestini suggests a poorly constructed specimen. served. This piece rather belongs to Macedonia, cf. p. 163 and 164. 4)

b.

Coins of the Roman emperors after Angnste,

attributed to Cyrenaica.

The following currencies 5) were brought to Cyrenaica:

TITE.

439. T AYT KAIZ ZEB OYEZriAZIANOY Head of Titus. $.

TRAJAN.

440. AYTOKP KAIC N6P TPAIANOC C6B T6PM Head of Trajan, laureate. fr. AHMAPX €= YriAT B in a laurel wreath. I. 6.T)

i) Mus. Sanclem. II p. 18. Mionn. No. 134.

2) Mus. Fontana I p. 124.

8) SesUni Lett. VIII p. 135, tab. VI, 9. Mionn. S. n»79.

4) We pass over the coins of Augustus which in the General Classes are cited by Sestini under Cyrenaica, this classification being too uncertain, as well as the certainly fake part with the name of Augustus and the Cyreneans, described and figured in Teas. Morell. Imp. tab. LVI, 24 according to GolUius.

s) In Sestini Classes gen. p. 174 two plays of Tiberius and Drusus are classified under Cyrenaica, we do not know for what reason. We omitted two other documents, obviously false, which would have were minted under Alexander Severus at Automala, see

Eckhel Doctr. IV p. 128.

6) PaUn Imp. rom. p. 113 n°5 (Harduln Pop. and urban number. p. 275; Teas. Morell. p. 388, Titus tab. XIII, 18; Eckhel Doctr. IV p. 127; Mionnet No. 161); Cat. by Ennery p. 522 n<> 3371 (the legend differs a little); Mus. Hederv. ed. Wiczai n»7091.

7) Here are the books in which these coins of Trajan

are attributed to Cyrenaica. No. 440-444 and 446-448

in Revue num. fr. 1851 pp. 99-101, no. 25-32, pi. V,

1-3, by Duchalais. No. 443, 444 and 446 in Leake

Numism. Hell. Afr. Group p. 3. No. 444 in the catalog

from the coll. by Gaillard (1854) no. 660. No. 445 and 446

in the catalog of the coll. of Lorlchs by Delgado

n<> 2080 and 2081.

22.

172

CTBENAlQUE.

441. Same legends and types.

442. AYT KAIC N€P TPAIANOC C€B TCPM Same head. fr. AHMAPX €• winged.

443. KAIC NEP TPAIAN CEB rEPM Same head. I*. AHMAPX E= YnAT

At mm on.

444. Same legends and types.

445. AYT KAIZ NEP TPAIAN Z€B TEPM Same head. $. AHMAPX €1 Jupiter-Ammon.

446. AYTOKP KAIC N6P TPAIANOC C€B T6PM AAK Same head. Q.” previous.

447. Same legends and types.

448. AYTOKP KAIC NEP TPAIANO) APICTO) C€B T6PM AAK Same head. YF1ATO C Head of Jupiter-Ammon.

i£. 4-J-. : YnAT B Caduceus

iE. 3.

r Head of Jupiter-

JR. 4. Den.

JR. 2\. Quin.

: YnAT E Head of

JR. 2f Quin.

Similar to the reverse

M.7f

I”. 6.

Q.” AHMAPX. €2

JR. 4. Den.

FAUSTINE elder.

449. (PAYCT6INA C6BACTH Bust of Faustina. $. Head of Jupiter-Ammon. AMM(I)N.

M.5.1)

MARG AURELIUS.

450. AYTOKP KAIC M AYPHA ANTON6INOC C€B Head of Marcus Aurelius, laureate. Q.” AHMAPXIK EHOYC KA Head of Jupiter-Ammon. M. 7.*)

451. M AYPHA ANTON6INOC C€B Same head. $. Similar to the previous setback. M.5.

452. Same legends and types; the emperor's head is surrounded by a radiated crown. Mr. h.

453. Similar to the face of n°451. #. AHMAPXIK 6EOYC KÇ. Head of Jupiter-Am- my. M.7.

454. Similar to the face of No. 452. #. AHMAPXIK < €EOYC K Head of Jupiter-Am- my. J&. 5.

SEVERE ALEXANDER.

455. A KAI M AYP CGOYHP AA6ZANAPOC €Y C6B Head of Severus-Alexander. $. L T€- TAPTOY Head of Jupiter-Ammon. M. 6.*)

456. Same side. $. L nGMriTOY MAM€A C€B Head of Julie Mammée. M.6.

i) Magazine num. fr. 1851 pp. 104-105 n«40, pi. V, 7.

%} Nos. M 450-454 are classified in Cyrenaica by Du- chalais in Revue num fr. 1851 pp. 102-103 ri" 34-38, ft. V,5; n»450 by Delgado (1. c. n«2082), and n«453 by Leake (1. tsp.)

8) The d" 455 and 456 are classified in Cyrenaica in Leake Num. hellen. Afr. Group p. 3. The last one is indicated as an electrotype, without designation of the collection where the original currency is located.

ROMAN COINS.

173

No. 439. This piece was treated among the Cyrenafcan currencies by Eckhel, who supposes that Cyrene took the name Flavia after Vespasian because of benefits received by this emperor when he administered Cyrenaica and Crete as a quaestor. Mr. Duchalais has the same considered this currency to be authentic. 1) There are, however, several circumstances which excite doubts. According to Harduin the copy described by Patin would be kept in the Paris cabinet; but there is no such coin either in Paris, nor in any of the other collections, of which we have sent prints for this work. Sestini taxed the piece cited in the catalog of Hedervar museum published by Wiczai, as an overstamped coin of Cleopatra Selene, wife by Ptolemy VIII. 9) The head of Africa has no place on any other currency of Cyrenaica. 11)

No. 440-454. These currencies were classified among the uncertain currencies until recently, where Mr. Duchalais attributed them to Cyrenaica. This learned numismatist was led to this classification for the reasons that the currencies described under Nos. 440-447 and 450-454 were brought, at different times and in fairly large quantities, from Tripoli and Bengazi, and that the head of Jupiter-Ammon, which is found on most, is a type which best suits in Cyrenaica. 4). This classification may be fair, but it is not elevated above doubt. Trajan's coins are closely related to a large number of coins, also ment without name of country or city, which bear the types of Antioch, Caesarea in Cappadocia and Lycian, as well as other Asian types 5); we find in the right of the inscriptions identical ticks, on the reverse the same indication of the tribunate and the consulate of the emperor with the same consulate numbers (2-6), and the factory is the same; we are therefore committed to reporting all these currencies to Asia. As for the coins of M^rc-Aurèle, there are also coins of this emperor struck in Antioch which on the reverse have the tribunate indicated in the same way. The artistic work of the coins we deal with, is quite particular, being both flat and of a certain finesse or elegance; but in this respect they resemble Asian currencies as much as they move away from African ones, or as we compare them with those struck in Cyre- naïc under Augustus and in the cities to the west of this province under Augustus and Tiberius, i.e. that we compare them to Alexandrian coins, notably those of Trajan and Marcus Aurelius. The silver coins, which are denarii and quinaires, of pure silver, agree in weight and the title with the analogous currencies of Asia mentioned above, but among the currencies of the emperors struck in Africa they find themselves completely isolated; Alexandrian coins

i) Magazine num. fr. 1851 pp. 97.

a) Description di museo Hederv. III cont p. 76 ad n«12. In the general Classes of Sestini we do not find Coin of Titus cited under Cyrenaica.

a) MM. Falbe and Lindberg similarly considered suspects this currency; Falbe thinks that the copy de Patin was a poorly preserved piece by Tite or engraved, struck in Alexandria (see Thés. Morell. Titus tab.XIII, 11).

4) Mr. Duchalais again mentioned two currencies, one of Adrian, the other of Marcus Aurelius, bearing on the reverse the head of Jupiter-Ammon, and examples of which are also from Africa; but as they have

Latin legends, he presumes that they are struck in another province located around the temple of Ammon, see Revue num. fr. 1851 pp. 102 and 104, 1852 pp. 342-343 and 1853 p. 444. Cf. Thorvald Museum- sen pi. IV n© 169. 5) Thus a shrine with an image similar to that of Diana of Perge, busts of different goddesses Asians, the genius of Arabia etc.; they also offer purely Roman types. We find them classified partly to the cities and countries indicated above, partly tied among uncertain currencies, see Mionnet VI p. 691-695, no. 523-549; Eckhel Doctr. VI p. 444-445.

174 CYRENAICA.

are of mixed money and belong to a different monetary system, and in other countries In Africa, no imperial silver coins were minted. The head of Jupiter-Ammon is located also, as we know, on Asian currencies. Finally, as for the origin of these mon- origins of Africa, to draw a sure conclusion, it would be necessary to know if we do not also find the same currencies in Asian countries; they are for the most part quite vulgar; the Ancient coins from Mediterranean countries, even those in bronze, are often discovered on this or that coast of this sea very far from the country where they were struck.

N M 455-456. These coins were classified as Cyrenalca by Mr. Leake, the first probably because of the head of Jupiter-Ammon, the second probably because it offers the same side and has the year indicated in the same way as the other.

175

Notes to the following tables*

The names of the towns of Cyrene, Barcé, Evespéris, Sozusa, Balagrae and Heraclea, Libyans and Ptolemies, are abbreviated as follows: Oyr. % Bar,, Ev., Soz., Bal., Ser. t Lib. t PtoL Coins without a city name are designated: 8. ru, those with the legend KOINON, by: comm. T. in the de- description of types indicates: Head; the little line —: a re- petition of the above; ".: following.

Table I contains all the names, monograms and letters which indicate people, on coins both autonomous than royal; if we cannot find such a name, monogram or letter, the reason is, that they are too in- distinct or have been incorrectly deciphered (see p. 112), or that we do not regard them as offering names of people (see p. 115). This table is attached in §5. As we see which currencies, autonomous and royal, with and without city name, types and metals different, have the same name or magistrate slgle, currencies which, according to the classification adopted, are found described in the catalog in different places, we can deduce from this table, in which city were struck several currencies without city name, then, that some silver, gold and bronze coins are contemporary, finally that this or that autonomous currency, of which we do not know how to determine the date by other means, belongs during the time of the Ptolemies. Examining the style of art, the manufacture and weight is used to corroborate, or at least not to I can't admit that they are the same characters which on coins of a different kind are designated by the same name or monogram, as well as by the same name written in full and abbreviated. With the help of different in- dices which are used to determine the date of self-coins nomes, we have distributed the names and acronyms that they contain, between the II and III eras; we will see that names written in full as well as most names abbreviated ones belong to the second era, the mono- grams and isolated letters, to the third. So this table can be used, in different ways, to clarify the chronology of autonomous currencies in general.

Tables II—V must first serve as a computer index. nary, by which we can find, according to the metal and the types, where the currencies are described and where what is discussed presents their fingerprint; then, these tables will show which monetary types were used in each of the four

eras by different peoples, cities, kings and prefects Romans; finally, they will give an overview of the mo- netary, each metal considered separately. For the different monetary divisions of the different systems, we will see what the types of each division were, to what periods and by which cities, kings or prefects they were coined, finally, what was the fluctuation of the weight in different times and cities. At the same time these tables, by the overview they offer, "are intended to justify the determination of monetary divisions and systems. As for on the grounds of the distribution of currencies to the different divisions and systems as well as the naming of these divisions and systems, we will find them explained above, for silver coins p. 20-21, 32, 65-67, 87, 116-123 and 149, for those in gold p. 35, 71-72, 116-123 and 149, and for the bronzes p. 123-125, 149 and 169-170. The weight normal or average, in French grams, is added to the name of each monetary division. The figures which present the weights according to the Attic (and primitive) system, are subject lined once, those of the Phoenician system twice; all the other digits belong to the Asian system, which can be considered the main one. At the weight of some very worn silver and gold coins we have added (ut.), to indicate that it is from the state of conservation vation that it is necessary to derive the low weight; of the number of bronzes we have omitted certain poorly preserved pieces or hit on others, so as not to disturb relationships weights.

Table VI. In the catalog of coins, where a number includes more than two or three pieces of which we know the weight, these are only the highest weights and the lowest which are quoted; in this table all other known weights are specified. In order to present a in the same place a complete series of the weights of each number, highest and lowest weight, already cited in the description of the currencies, are found repeated. 11 is ù regret that in the list of weights left by Mr. Falbe, which we used for the writing of this table, no annotation concerning the conservation of currencies are not added. The weights of a few poorly preserved pieces have been omitted. Where there is more than one copy which offers the same weight, we will find it annotated thus: (-es.).

Table I.

Names and acronyms of people from the Greek coins of Cyrenalqne. % *

Cities,

n

Numbers.

i

Cities,

None'ros.

rtii»

Pages.

A

N | Mr.

III- Period.

nm.

Pages.

M\N\m.

II-lf%m.

AKE2I02 . . .

Har.

80-81.

318-321.

AM. . .

s.n.

28.

• • •

•

98.

API2TI02 . •

Cyr. s n.

44.26.

132.

73.

EYA. .

—

—m

• ■ •

•

99.

APITT....

Cyr.

44.

133.

KE. . .

Cyr.

48.

180.

API

a. n.

25.

• • •

62.

SA. . .

s.n.

28.

• • •

•

97.

API2TOMHAE02

•

Cyr.

44.

134.

• . .

Plol.

141.

370.

AAMANAKT02

—

50.

• • •

194.

Z(T) • •

Soz.

93.

• • •

. 1,340.

AAMO....

—

55.

■ • •

• • •

236.

Tl. . .

Cyr.

58.

■ • *

•

279.

AAM....

52.

• ■ •

220.

fi. . .

—

46.

162.

•

AA

s.n.

26.

• • •

74.

X, 3T.

—

—

163-164.

EY

Cyr.

54.

• • •

• • •

234.

I • . .

—

—

165.

OEYOEIAEYZ.

—

47. 49.

176.

185.

E. • •

s.n.

25.

...

60.

OEYOEI. . .

—

48.

• • •

184.

—...

Cyr.

46.51.

167-168.

207.

OEY

Cyr. s.n.

45. 25.

143-144.

66.

HP • •

—

47.

169.

OE

s.n. Cyr.

25.50.

• -. •

67. 198.

ffr • •

—

—

170.

IAZONOZ. .

Cyr.

49.

. . .

186-189.

ip. . .

s.n.

24.

48.

1A ••••••

s.n.

26.

• • •

75.

—...

Cyr.

47.

171-172.

irr

—

23.

39.

— . . .

—

—

174.

KAINin

s.n. Bar.

23.81.

42. 323.

ft. . .

—

—

173.

KYAIOZ. . .

CyT.

44.45.50.

135. 145.

200-202.

— . • •

Ptol. 1.

137.

• ■ •

•

363.

KYA

s.n. Cyr.

26.52.

...

68-70.219.

*

vr ■ •

Cyr.

47.

175.

KYYEAD TO

Bar.

81.

324.

— • •

Ptol. I.

137.

• • •

•

362.

4IAON

m. • .

Cyr.

47.

175.

AIBY2TPATO.

s.n.

23.

41.

K. . .

Plol. 1.

137.

• ■ •

•

362.

NIKI02....

—

—

37-38.

K. . .

Cyr.

48.

181.

■

"— ™"~ . . • *

Cyr.

44.

136-139.

w, 15”, n

__

58.

• • •

•

274-276.

NIKONOZ. .

s.n.

28.

» . •

• • •

95.

fe_tf*

M" . . .

—

— —

• • •

•

278.

nOAlANOEYZ

Cyr.

45. 49.

142.

191-192.

■\. %

w

"~~~...

Ptol.

140-141.

• • •

•

368-369.

nOAlAN . . .

51.

. . .

211.

^ef*

!

— NT •

— -

—

• • •

•

373-374.

noAi....

—

—

• •

203. |

M, M, AA

141-142.

378-379.

•

370-372.

no

8 II.

25. 26.

• • •

5.7-59.71.

»

. .

142.

• • •

•

381.

Cyr.

52.

• • •

214-215.

l

1

ftT. . .

141.

. . • ! . 375-376.

TIMARaPA. .

Ev.

89.

334.

■^

m. . .

142.

380.

TOMHAEOZ.

s.n. Cyr.

23.44.

40.140-141.

! HAS . . .

Cyr.

58.

i

i

• ■ • •

273.

(DAIN....

Bar.

80.

317.

XAIPI....

Cyr.

52.

• • ■

212.

n. . .

— — Ptol.

142.

• • •

378-379.

•

277.

XAIP

_»

51.

• •

204.

W A I

p. . .

8.11.

28.

• • ■

•

93.

XAI. ...

s.n.

25.

• • ■

63.

i

The silver coins of the (Vénaïqae.

IL Table

Monetary types.

I" Epoch

Silphlum fruits or shoots. ". Ornament.

Silphiumog part of si Iphium.

IV. Hollow.

Different types.” Silphium one fruit of silphium.

Silphium. ". Ornament. Different types. ”.Silphium fruit. T. of Apollo. ". Silphium. T. of Cyrene. ". — T. of Jup.Ammon. ”.Silphium.

. - »• -

- ». -

II" Epcpe.

T.deJup.Ammon.”Silphium.

~”. -

- ». -

- » -

- ». -

- » -

- ». Triple silphium.

- ». Goddess T. T.deBacchusgr. ". Silphium. T. de Lathon. ". Suede.

U M -III B< fipqiea.

T.deBacchuslib. ". Silphium.

". -

- ». -

". -

- ». Triple silphium. T. of Apollo. ". Silphium.

III- Period.

T. of Jup.Ammon. ”.Silphium.

T. of Ptolemeel. ". Silphium

and palm tree.

- ». Eagle.

- ». Silphium T. de Bérénice. ". Club. T. of Hercules (ditd.). ". Leo.

— (n.di.d.) flr. — T. of Jupiter. ". Taurus.

Cities, naked.

Pages.

Numbers.

4drachma. itt. 47.o. as. 13.0.

2dracbme.

■IL 8.5 piii.7.4 as.6 &

Drachma.

alL4,25.as.3,25.

-J drachma.

bed. 1.1. Mr. 1.6

(2)1^ obol.

» (1.08.) 0.81.

Obol.

M. 0.64

£obolus. has. 0.85.

. s. n.

9t. 13..

2-15.

17.7-17.1.

8.62.

4.80-3.85.

2.12.

^

0.39.

—

10s. 13s

16-17. 19-20.

• • • •

8.6i. 8.0t.

. ■ • .

1.98.

v

0.89.

-

They. 17”

21-27. 30.

18.8-16.8.

4.31. 4.10.

2.40. 1.99.

—

11.

18.

3.54. 3.38.

—

12.

28-29. 31.

3.79 3.80.

1.61. 1.52.

Cyr.

42. 62.

115.

3.37.

- — »

—

116.

3.29.

—

42.63.

117-118.

3.49-3.13.

Bar.

78. 84.

287-290.

3.85-3.20.

1.62-1.59.

Ev.

88. 91.

332-333.

-

3.80-3.11.

1.70.

Cyr.

43.

119-121.

17.3-17.0.

Bar.

78.

291-293.

17.1-16.7.

Cyr.

43s. 63s.

122-141.

13.4-12.4.

3.50-3.00.

1.65. 1.60

...

0.67.

Bar.

78s. 8os.

294-324.

13.6-12.6.

3.42-3.13.

1.68-1.61.

Lib.

130s.

344.

13.8

s. n.

22s. 31s

33-42.

13.4-12.5.

3.29-2.89(iis.)

1.60-1.45.

Cyr.

24. 32. 23. 32. 47.64.

45-46.

43-44.

176.

0.87-0.85 0.78-0.77.

. . . •

8.42.

Ev.

89. 91.

334.

• . . •

8.40

Cyr.

45s. 64.

142-175.

8.52. 8.00-6.83.

—

—

—

6.88-5.80.

3.80-2.92.

s. n.

24. 32.

47-51.

7.82. 5.68-5.50.

3.05.

0.60.

Bar.

82. 85..

325-327.

3.2*.

1.63. 1.61.

• • •

0.61.

^ —

328

1.00.

Cyr.

48. 65.

177-182.

7.42-6287.6.73-6.39

2.78.

com.

37s.

103.

7.68. 7.51

• Cyr.

48. 65.

183.

7.24.

Ptol.I.

137*.

361.

6.40(oi)

Ptol.

140.143.

364.

6.90.

—

142.145.

378-380.

7.8S. 6.75(a..)

Lib.

130s.

345-346.

—

—

348-352.

7.87. 6.53(n).

—

—

347.

(?)

23

Table III.

The gold coins of Cyrenaica,

Monetary types;

Cities, denied.

Pages.

Numbers.

2s Uterus. att. 47 } o.

Stitere. aU.8.5.iMi.7.4.

£stilere.

as.3,2&.ilU,25.

^title.

alt.!,83.

{sUlere. aa.1,6. attJ,i.

£(i)*Ulera. A( T V)«talere.

“.1.08 (1.81). ai.O,54{Q,40).

1" Epqie-

•

Parts of silphium. ". Hollow.

s.n.

9.

1.

17.4.

11 M Ea^ne.

T. of Jup.Ammon. fy. Silphium.

s.n.

24. 33.

52-53.

• • •

3.43.

* •

1.68.

•

Jupiter. ". Quadriga. v

Cyr.

4S..67”.

184-194.

8.63-8.43.

Rider. ". Silphium.

—

50-. 69.

195-204.

• • •

4.84-3.95.

T. of Minerva. Ifr. Triple silphium.

—

5U69..

209-212.

• • •

• • •

m •

2.16-2.00.

- ». -

s.n.

24. 33.

54.

2.90. 2.14.

n M -IIl IM Epqies.

<

T. of divinities, ". T. of deities.

s.n.

24*.33s.

0.90-0.70.

- » -

Cyr.

52. 70.

213-220.

0.89-0.80.

T. of Jup.Ammon. Ijr. Lightning.

s.n.

26.34.

0.79-0.70.

, »

Undecided object. ". Silphium.

—

27. 34.

80.

« • •

0.45.

Rider and star. ". Silphium.

Cyr.

51.69.

205-208

3.00-2.80.

III- Epqie.

T. of Minerva. ". Victory.

Cyr.

53. 70.

221.

* *

8.55.

T.dePtoleméel. ". —

Ptol.I.

137s

359-360.

• •

• • •

• • •

2.87-2.86.

— k>. Quadriga of elephants.

Ptol.

140*.

365.

• ■

7^05.

The bronze coins of the Cyreneans.

Table IV.

Modern types,

Cities.

Pages.

Numbers.

4chalkoD

16.5.

. 3chalUo.

12.5.

!chalkoo. Ciulkos.

8.5. 6.

3Kollyboo.

3.5.

2Kolljboi.

2.

Kollybo B.

1.

II" Epqie.

%

has. T.deJup.Ammou. ". Silphium.

s.n.

27.

81.

3.9-3.4.

- ». -

Cyr.

53.

222-223.

m

3.8.

6. T. of Bacchus lib. ". —

s.n.

27.

82-85.

15.4.

14.6-11.1

• •

• •

4.7. 4.8

- » -

Cyr.

53.

224-227.

17.7.

• • *

• •

• “

4.5. 3.5.

— ». Triple silphlum.

—

53”. 72.

228-230.

4.8-3.3.

c. T. deCyrene. ". —

—

54. 72.

231-232.

. . <

14.7-12.9.

d. T. of Apollo (created). ". Silphium.

s.n.

27.

86-87.

. . •

12.9.

• ■

(?)

“. T. of Minerva. ". Silphium.

Cyr.

54. 72.

3.8.

f. T. de Lathon. ". —

Ev.

89. 92.

335-336.

6.7-5.1.

g. T. of Jup.Ammon. ". Tomb.

Cyr.

54. 73.

234-235.

m

12.3-10.8.

h. T. of Diane. ". Victory.

—

55. 73.

236.

15.1

t. Gazelle. ". Silphium.

—

—

237.

7.4-5.0.

- ». -

s.n.

27. 36.

88-90.

6.5-5.8.

II-MII 1 " Ep«qies.

*. T. of Jup.Ammon. ". Wheel.

s. n.

28. 36.

91-94.

• •

13.8-11.1

9.8-7-

6-5.7

/. Horse running (and “pulling). ". Wheel.

—

—

95.

9.4-7.8.

mr. Horse walking. ". Wheel.

Cyr.

56.74s

2.3-1.5.

n. Rider. ". Wheel and silphium.

s.n.

28. 36.

96-97.

8.8-8.1.

- ».

Cyr.

56.74s

8.5-7.9.

- ». -

Bar.

82. 87.

8.7-8.8.

o. T. of Jup.Ammon.” Aries.

Her.

97s.

343.

• •

12.1.

p. — ». Trident.

Ev.

89. 92.

5.7.

III—Epoqie.

q. T. by Jup Ammon. ". Silphium.

com.

38s.

104-114.

17.7-15,

1.14.1-10-9-8-

7-5.1.

r. T. of Apollo (éfypL). ". —

Cyr.

55.73s

238-241.

4.9-2.6.

". — ». Gazelle.

—

56.74.

242-246.

• • •

2.7-1.8.

1.4-0.7.

1. Rider. ". Silphium.

—

—

247.

4.0.

ti. Jerboa. ". Crab..

s.n.

28. 36.

99.

2.9.

- » -

Soz.

93.

340.

2.8.

v. Horse. ". Aries.

Bar.

82. 87s, 330.

6.8.

x. T. of Jup.Ammon. fy. Palm tree.

Cyr.

56s.75s. 251-269.

7.8—5—4—2.8.

". -

Ball.

96s.

342.

. OyO. «},«.

y. T. of Apollo. ". Zither.

Cyr.

58. 76.

270-282.

5.5 — 3.3.

*. — ». Horse.

—

59. 76s.

283-284.

5.4 — 3.5.

". -

Ev.

89. 92.

339.

5.3 — 3.8.

- ». -

Ball.

95s.

341.

5.2 — 4.8.

<* — ». Attributes.

Cyr.

59. 77.

285.

... 4,©.

o. T. of Rome. ". Bee.

s.n.

29. 36.

100-102.

14.5-13.3.

". -

Cyr.

59.77.

286.

lï

?*-

12.2.

1

23*

Table V.

The bronze coins of the Libyans, the Ptolemies and the Roman prefects,

Moietary types.

The Libyans*

T. of Hercules. Ifr. Leo. . .

— l\\ Taurus. .

T. of Jupiter. ÏJ-. —

T. of Minerva. IV. —

• .

• • •

« • •

The Ptotaies.

T. of Ptolemy I. ïV Eagle. . T. of Alexander. IV- — . . . T. of Ptolemy 1. fy. T. de Bérénice

— IV- Eagle. . .

— IV- Lightning. .

— fy. Sea horse

— IV. Bow. . .

Aries, fy. Eagle

T. de Bérénice. Ifr. Rowing.

T. of Ptolemy I. fy. T. de Bérénice

The Roman prefects*

T.deJup.Ammon. fy. Sella curulis T. of Apollo. Ifr. Dromedary. . — IV. Caduceus. .

T. diademed. fy. Sella curulis. T. de Diane, fy. Suede. . . . Club, fy. Crown. '. . .

Aries, ty. Sella curulis. . . T. of Jup.Ammon. fy. Sella curulis T. of Apollo. I|r. Snake. . . Snake fy-. Name on a tablet Aries. ty\ Name and crown. . T. of Apollo. IV. Snake. . .

T. of Augustus. IV- Sella curulis.

T. of Augustus and Agrippa. IV. Name and crown.

Name of Augustus. IV. Sella curuli*

— IV- Name. . .

— IV. Name. . .

Peaple,

kings.

Ptgei.

Numbers.

4càalkoo.

16.5.

3chalkon. 12.&.

2eoa!koo.

8.5.

Chalkus.

6.

3Kollybofl.

3.5.

2Kolljboo. 2.

Macs.

Ptol. I.

Ptol.

131

137. 139.

138. — 140.144. 140”. 145 141. —

142. — 148”.

353. 354. 357. 358.

362.

363. 366-367. 368-370. 371-372 373-375.

376.

377.

381.

382.

...

16

12.4. 11.6. 14.3.

Magistrates.

Pages.

Roneros.

Sestertius

Lollius.

Pupius.

Fabricius. Scat.

Palicanus.

Captain.

153^. 157*.

383-390.

154. —

391-394.

155. —

395-396.

— —

397-403.

156. —

404-419.

i

420-421. 422-423.

161f.

162..

424-427.

—

428.

£16”.

429.

166f.

430.

—

431.

—

432.

—

433.

167f.

434-435.

168.

436-437.

—

438.

27.

5.

10.8.

8.6.

2.

Dapoodios 27.

8.6.

6.7.

8.1-4.1.

8.6-4.8.

6.2. 7.4-5.1.

4 0-3.4.

4.7-3.0. 4.7-3.8. 4.3-3.5.

2.2.

Ace.

13.5.

Sowing.

6.7

(As-Joocia.)

27.4-13.10.

...

13.8-7.7.

...

• • •

4.9-4.1.

24.5-16.6.

i

• * •

12.8-8; o.

\

• • •

...

4; 3-4,o.

13.6.

6.7.

3.3. (As — {stria.)

19.2-12.4

• •

16.1-8; 8.

• •

6.8-4.0.

0.6—0.8.

10.1 - 8 -6-4.9.

13.3-8.2.

16.3 — 9 — 7 — 5.8.

5.4. 4.4. 11.8. 9.4.

3.2-2.3.

2.1-1.1.

Supplement for weight of coins.

VL table

N«.

Weight.

35.

Mr.

36.

38.

61.

AT.

68.

69.

72.

76.

92.

i£.

95.

3.29. 3.15. 2.95. 2.89.

13,-12. .

13.30.

13.22.

I 3.18.

1 3.10.

13.07.

12.9*.

12.81

12.58.

13.83. 13.27. 13.23. 13.07. 12.77.

0.81.

0.82. (lei.) 0.78. 0.72. 0.71.

0.90.

0.88. (In.) 0.84. (!n.)

0.37. (In.)

0.86.

0.83.

0.87. 0.86. 0.85.

0.84. (In.) 0.82.

0.78. 0.74.

0.73. (4 n.) 0.72. (*«•) 0.71. (4ei.) 0.70.

7.97. 7.83. 7.57. 6.12. 5.72.

9.46. 8.80. 8.52. 8.43. 8.22. 8.13. 7.81. 7.79.

No*.

Weight.

Noi.

Weight.

i

7.46,

•

10.95.

7.27.

10.20.

6.95.

10.12.

104-

_

14.19.

10.02.

105.

12.80. 1 1.64.

10.35. 10.10.

9.92.

9.59

9.50.

8.70.

8.56.

9.6 t. 9.59. 9.20. 8.90.

8,.

8.58. 8.51.

8.00

6.22.

8.50.

113-

—

10.60.

8.49.

114.

10.12.

7.95.

10.11.

7.87.

9.79.

7.74.

9.26.

7.73.

8.78.

7.71. (In.)

8.67.

*

7.00.

8.62.

6.99.

7.19.

6.91.

6,C6.

6.65.

117.

jR.

3.49.

6.60

3.39.

6.41.

3.36

6.31.

3.35.

5.io.

*

3.24. (In.)

106-

_a»

9.50.

3.17.

107.

8.20.

3.13.

i

7.85. 4.16.

122.

—

3.36. 3.27.

108-

___

17.75-

3.15.

110.

17.62.

3.08.

15.54.

124.

—

3.50.

15.10.

14.25.

14.00.

3.40. 3.39. 3.13.

13.70.

127.

^^^

13.47.

13.42.

13.38.

13.21.

•

13.21.

13.05.

12,F0.(ÎM.)

12.70.

12.44.

12.58.

12.00.

129.

—

13.47.

11.98.

13.30.

11.95.

1 3.25.

11.92.

13,f8.

11.75.

1303.

11.51.

1 2.97.

11.47.

12.92.

11.87.

12.43.

11.26.

138.

—

13.40.

10.91.

13.80.

Noi.

Weight.

Noi.

Weight.

Noi.

.

Weight.

13.24.

7.30.

*

0.66.

13.09. v!«.)

7.21.

1

0.84. (In.)

149.

—

7.93.

168.

— 7.73.

230.

I.

4.29.

7.67.

7.72.

o,V9.

7.52.

7.70.

4

3.50

7.40.

7.65.

ê

3.22.

7.38.

7.61.

-237.

__

7.42.

7.35.

7.52.

6.55.

7.19..

d 7.05 (In.)

I

6.41.

6.91.

170.

- ■ 7.85.

6,

151.

—

7.99. 7.70.

7.81.

7.57.

1'

5.81.

5.05.

7.54.

1

! 7.40.

238.

—

4.95,

7.53.

171.

— '8.00.

4.79.

7.46.

7.83.

4.05.

7.27.

7.76.

“5.98.

7.25.

7.71.

3.96.

*

7.21.

7.70.

3.35.

6.99.

7.66.

3.19.

153.

—

7.80. 7.72.

7.60 (law.) 7.59.

3.00.

2.69.

7.70.

7.46.

239.

—

3.60. "

7.49.

7.45.

3.06

7.45.

7.43.

2.98

7.30.

7.27.

2.73.

7.15.

7.20.

249.

—

8.58.

155.

—

7.77.

174.

— (7.80.

8.02.

7.76.

7.76.

7.95.

7.69.

7.56.

7.91.

7.50.

7.39.

250.

__

2.85.

7.33.

*

192.

AT. d 8.63.

2.30.

*156.

—

7.77.

8.62. (them.)

2.18.

7.76.

d 8.61.(1 M)

2.02.

7.68.

8.60.

1.94.

7.63.

8.55.

1.79.

7.51. .

208.

—

3.00.

1.62.

7.42.

2.88.

1.55.

7,Î6. 6.83.

2.87. (In.) 2.85. (Set.)

251.

1

^^

6.08. 5.55.

158.

7.81. 7.77. (“Mr.)

2.84. 2.83.

5.48. 5.46.

7.76.

209.

—

2.16.

5.40.

1

7.74.

1

2.15.

4.98.

7.70. (in.)

2.14.

4.95.

7.63.

2.12.

4.54.

7.45.

2.00.

3.85.

165.

7.73. 7.60. 7.55. 5.84.

212.

2.16. 2.15.

2.14. (In.) 2.13.

252.

6;43.

6.15. 5.85. 5.05.

167.

—

7.76.

2.11.

4.51.

7.7”. (In.)

218.

—

0.88.

261.

—

6.71.

7.70.

0.87.

6.59

Table VI (cont.).

N«-

Weight.

264.

266.

267.

268.

I.

5.80. 5.81.

4.96. 4.91. 4.78. 4.86. 4.85. 2.99.

6.67. 6.06. 5.75. 5.70. 5.66. 5.40. 0.36. 5.82. 5.20. 5.10. 5.05. 4.54.

4,"

4.07. 0.96.

6.79.

6.61.

6.55.

6.50.

6.48.

6.19.

6.13.

5.87.

5.85.

5.83. (in.)

5.83.

5.50.

5.46.

5.84.

5.20.

5.14.

5.00.

4.98.

4.90.

4.66.

4.65.

4.62.

4.50.

4.80.

6.93. 6.43. 6.38. .6.32. 6.10. 6.03. 5.90.

Noi.

269.

270.

272.

Weight.

5.87.

5.67.

5.46

5.16.

5.03.

4.85. (In.)

4.75.

4.60.

4.46.

6.70. 6.69. 6.42. 5.02. 4.51.

5.55. (In.)

4.88.

4.88.

4.68.

4.66.

4.54.

4.51.

4.50.

4.33.

4.30.

4.23.

4.22.

4.18.

4.04.

4.00.

“1.90.

3.97.

3.95. (tn.)

3.63.

v.58.

3.55.

3.47.

3.27.

4.93. 4.92. 4.45. 4.39. 4.85. 4.22. 4.21. 4.20. 4.18. 4.05. 3.87. 3.79. 3.76. 3.73. 3.69. 3.60. 3.59.

N"

Weight.

Noi»

Weight.

No”.

Weight.

N#”.

Weight.

3.85.

4.70.

3.56. (read.)

4.45.

3.29.

4.57.

386.

—

22.60.

4.14.

279.

—

4.67. 4.36.

4.29. 4.23.

20.80.

15.50.

424.

—

13.85. 12.05.

3.76.

349.

Mr.

7.80.

390.

—

27.40.

12.00.

3.64.

7.62.

23.24.

9,oo.'

3.55.

7.45.

22.12.

425.

__

14.95.

3.51.

7.86.

21.90.

i3,:o.

3.20.

6.86.

18.76.

12.15.

280.

^■"~

4.69. 4.58.

6.62. 6.59.

16.72.

13.00.

o«89.

#

4.53. 4.32. 4.10. 3.87. 3.53.

7

6.59. 6.63.

391.

—

7

13.80. 12.14.

426.

14.22.

12,c«

11.00.

351.

—

7.48.

10.63.

9.45.

7.23.

9.60.

428.

3“S9.

%^*w«

7.07.

8.00.

#

283.

—

5.48.

o.?&»

3.20.

5.10.

6.74.

39u.

—

23.85.

3.00.

4.92.

6.71.

21.00.

2,*^2.

4.88. 4.60.

18.83.

2.59.

355.

I

13.90.

16.66.

2.57.

7

4.47.

10.04. 8.29. 8.22.

404.

—

12.80.

2.80.

4.22.

10.80.

430.

—

10.10.

4.16.

9.75.

8.67.

4.08. (read.)

362.

—

4.05.

9.45.

7.72.

4.02.

4.00.

8.78.

6.20. (In.)

4.00.

7

«5.85 •

8.29.

4.90.

3.95.

3.76.

410.

__

11.78.

431.

_

2.15.

3.62.

3.44.

11.00.

1.84.

3.59.

366-

W9 r\W0

—

16.40.

10.60.

1.81.

295.

Mr.

3.32.

367.

13.51.

•

1.09.

3.80. 3.24. 3.13.

10.86. 9.21. 8.61.

415.

' ■'

12.07. 11.19. 11.10.

432.

—

13.89. 12.87. 11.07.

315.

—

13.07.

368.

—

8.10.

9.90.

11.05.

12.99.

8.05.

421.

4.86.

11.01.

12.96.

7.90.

4.80.

8.22.

12.79.

6.65.

4*,18.

433.

19.27.

319.

13.28. 13.15.

6.28. 6.18.

422.

4.09. 6.87.

18.62. 17.86.

13.12.

371.

—

8.58.

6.15.

17.10.

12.92.

8.28.

5.86.

16.26.

332.

3.80.

3.22. (m.)

3.21.

7.12. 7.05. 6.95.

5.25. 5.05. 4.80.

15.00.

14.65. 12.42.

3.11.

6.75.

4.78.

434.

^ ^^

16.80.

339.

i£.

5.28. 4.99. 4.82.

372.

7.73. 6.57. 0.89.

4.70.

4.10. 4.00.

12.50.

10.30.

9.63.

4.65.

5.69.

423.

—

6.05.

8.70.

4.56.

4.80.

5.65.

7.85.

3.88.

377.

—

4.80.

5.81.

7.69.

341.

—

5.27.

3.95.

4.72.

6.95.

• •

J