Nymphs and Charites on Greek Coins — 1908

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 77 There are some roughly cut women's heads on the islands, which are at best Nymphs can be obtained, e.g. B.L-B. N. Z. 1884. 250, 41 (Issa) and 256, 216. 217, 218. 21:9, 63 plate V 2 (Heraclea). CENTRAL GREECE DAMASTION P. 18.— Head of a vymph with net, ear pendant and two Collars to the left. Pkr. Rs. AAMAZTHNQN. KHOI on a square plate with Carrying strap. L-B. Mon. grecques 135, 11.— Zajl V N. 43. P. 16.— Likewise, with net hood and earrings on the left, without Pkr. Nice style. Back also, winged caduceus on the plate. Be BSZTEN. 171412137 Dar IEL:10. See Cat. Brit. Mus. Thessaly etc. Plates XVI4 and 5. P. 14.—-Head of a vymph with Stephane and collar to the right. Rs.AAM. Likewise, without a mark on the plate. BR Monnsprecques 135,102. Ta2E 15 31 ZEN. I Act: 1II 17. P. 15.— Likewise, with the net on the left. Rs. AAP|AAO on two lines in an ornate frame and recessed square. L-B. N. Z. 1884, 260, 75 and 76 plates IV 22 and 23. Macdonald, Mus. Hunter II Plate XXXI 13.

78 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER RORKIVRR The Cat. Brit. Mus. Thessaly etc. 146, 493 ff, 152, 557 ff, and Macdonald, Mus. Hunter II 21.47 plate XXXII 3 as a nymph The inscribed head with a wreath of ivy represents Dionysus, not Corkyra represent; the profile is decidedly male. The head seems the same Cat. Brit. Mus. 132, 290#. Plate XXIII 15 to be that of Dionysus; the earring is doubtful and the inscription KOPKYPA on it Coins are often missing, often limited to the initials KOP, are missing here Relevant for the interpretation of the picture because they are also next to heads of the Poseidon and Apollons occur, see Postolakkas, island coins N IMMEDIATELY: In contrast, the heads of the silver statues that point to Aphrodite can Coins a.a.O. Plate XXIV 6, 8 and 9 as images of the mymph Korkyra apply; they are identical to those of the Corinthian Peirene and other nymphs, and like them appear in changing hairstyles. See e.g. B. Cat. Brit. Mus. 137, £378. Plate XXIV 6 with cat. Corinth Ta XII 717 N. 8 with Korigth Taexelo X Te oDar (Anakto- rion), with Taras of our plate I N. 14 and Syracuse plate IV N. 16; N. 9 with Corinth Brit. Mus. Plate VIII 8 and 9. One of these types may be sufficient for our table. 220. P. 15.—Head of the Aorkyra with a cloth around the hair and earrings hang to the left; behind it R. Rev. Flying Pegasus to the left. Brit. Mus.— 7afel V N. 44. AMBRAKIA The girl is to be understood as a nymph, perhaps as a maiden, which deals with the Kottabos game. 5/221/23—AMBPAKINTAN 1. Head of Athena left hind ; behind it standing girl in light clothing to the left, the raised one Right at the top of the Adtlabosstange.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES . 79 Back: Flying Pegasus right. Collection Six. — 7afl V N. 45. Friedländer, Arch. Zeit. 1869, 101 plates 23, 17; 1870, 27. Cat. Brit. Mus. Corinth 104, 5 plate XXVII 4. The Kottabos game can also be found on ancient sculptures Fable world transferred, e.g. E.g. on the vase picture “Dict. des antiqui- tes grecques et romaines’ III 867 Fig. 4306, where between two with Dancing Safirs decorated with bowls have a mainade in the same position. as on the coin, who is responsible for the game. As a counter- piece of the Ambrakiot coin design may be another, the same Stamp cutter can be viewed on the one behind Athena's head the peeping youthful Pan is depicted, which is thought to be after the playing nymph can interpret. IN AK DO RLON 222. P. 16.— F under the flying bridled Pegasus to the right. Back: Head of a Vyrnphe with bandage and collar to the right, ar- Chaesian style. Recessed square. Berlin (m. p.). L-B. The coins of Akarnanieu 57.3 plate II 4; here Zafel V N. 46. 223. P. 17.— AKTIA® r. Head of the nymph Aktias with a wide band, Earring and collar to the right. Back and Flying Pegasus on the left. rin De SA OERON TOTAL III Vechier Plate V N.A7. 224. P. 17.— ACT[IA&] 1. Head as well, without bandage. Rev. Flying Pegasus to the left. Berlin (m. S.).— Zafel V N. 48. 225. P. 16.— AKTIA[&] r. Head of the Akdtas with collar from the front, inclined to the right. Back and Flying Pegasus to the right. Brit. Mus. Cat. Corinth 115.7 Plate XXXI 7; here Zafel V N. 49. ! Cat. Brit. Mus. Corinth 104, 6 plate XXVII 5; Berlin (m. p.).

80 : F. IMHOOF-BLUMER 226. P. 15.-— ER[I] r. Head of the Vymph with decorated Stephane \inkshin. Rs. Flying Pegasus to the left. Brit. »Musa.2.02121,.650 Tal XXXII 1371. BO: Tl Val 11'213Chiers72cAMaNE 50: 227.5. 15.— EMI in large font under the nymph's head Earring and collar to the left, the hair from a narrow The band is wound three times (such as Syracuse plate IV N. I 6). Rs. Likewise. L-B. a.2'0. 77, 90,-Kat Bot «Mus 119 46 Dar xxx For other varieties with different hairstyles, see cat. Brit. Mus. Corinth Plate XXXI 8 and 15. From the one decorated with St. Stephen Heads will be discussed on page 82. The group of nymph heads on Anaktorian coins under- is no different from those of Leukas, Syracuse and Corinth. essential. Some of them are labeled 'Axtıdc, like one of the Leucadian with Asuxds. Contrary to my earlier assumption loc. cit. 62, that image is of the goddess of the actic festival, to refer to an Axtıäg viruses, it seems more correct to say "Axrtıdc than the nymph of the headland belonging to the Anaktorian area to understand action, why on embossing from Messana head and Name of the nymph of the promontory Pelorias form an analogue. To WeKwars 228. 5 14.— ?. Front part of the bridled Pegasus to the right. Rs. Archaic mymph head style with tie and collar to the right. Recessed square. Corinthian hemidrachm. systems. Gotha.— 7a/el V N. 51. 229. 5. 16.— 3 (for ouupoyınöv) r. Mymph head with collar from the front, tilted to the right. Rev. N. Flying Pegasus to the right. drachma. Athens. I.-B. Greek. Coins 27, 81 plate I 18; here JaflN N. 52.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 81 230. P. 16.—Head of the mymph with bandage and collar from the front, slightly tilted to the left. Rs. Likewise. Drachma. M. S.—Plate V N. 53. 231. P. 14.— Likewise. Rev. A. Front part of the Pegasus to the left. Hemidrachm. Athens. Postolakas, K. d. Island coins T. III 643. 232.5. 16.—No. Head of the vymph with tied up hair, ears hung and collar on the left. Rev. A. Flying Pegasus to the left. In trade. — 7aj/e/ V N. 54. 233. P. 18.— AEYKAA|I|NN. Head of Vyrmph with Sphendone left- to; behind it T. Rs. Likewise. In trade. -- Za/d/ V N. 55. Other varieties see cat. Brit. Mus. Corinth Plate XXXVII 1-8; L-B. the coins of Acarnania, plate III 11. The similarity of head types N. 228 and 229 with those of Anaktorion N. 222 and 225 is so striking that its cut on let joint artists close. Despite this circumstance and The heads depend on the neighborhood of Leukas and action to name the place differently, Aktias and Leukas,' which last Names can be found on the following coin. 234. Br. 18.— AEYKA & 1. Head of Zeukas with Sfephane, earring and collar on the left; rear FE. Lkr. Rev. Downward-swept trident between EZ 1. and grape r. Vienna. L-B. loc. cit. 130, 47. Plate V N. 56. See Postolakas a.a.O. Plate III 724-729; Cat. Brit. Mus. Thes- Balyzeteaı 79.2041 Tat XXVIRS. ! The AEYKAZ crowning the Korinthos on a Corinthian bronze mirror, one definitely nymph-like appearance, undoubtedly represents, like the eponymous Hero the city Corinth, the eponymous nymph of Leukas as the city goddess. See A. Dumont, Monu- ments grecs publ. par Tassoc. pour l’encourage. of etud. gr. I N. 2, 1873, 23 ff. Plate 3. (6)

82 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER 235. Br. 19.— Likewise, without an inscription; in front of the neck K. Pkr. Rs. Trident between A 1. and Delphin r. Athens. Postolakas a.a.O. Plate III 730. The sfephane, decorated with palmettes or pearls, formed the headpiece jewelry not only of Hera, Artemis, Aphrodite or Demeter, but also but also of the nymphs and heroines, as soon as they are seen as city murderers. Zinen sought to represent. As such appear with that decoration on coins from Aodos the nymph Rode (Plate VII N.45), from Paros the nymph of the island (Plate VII N. 7), from Salamis the eponyme Nymph (Plate VI N. 7). The heads of are also lined up here Syracuse (Plate IV N. 14), from Zyndaris (?),' from Olophyxos on Athos(?),” from Damastion p. 77 N. 218, from Anaktorion (Plate V N. 50) and from Corinth (Plate VI N. 16), Stephane seems to have the same meaning in these cases-- to have come from the 3rd century BC Sfephanos with Thur approaches (see Amisos below) and especially to Roman period of the 7% urm crown (see Sinope below). Because this cared for not only to decorate the tyche, but also often eponymous nym- phen, Amazons, heroines and other city deities. 3 SL advises, Old drachmas are known from Stratos, which are in the name of the city or the Akarnan League, on the one hand the head of Achelous, on the other hand that of his daughter, the nymph Aalliroe, - showing. * 236. P. 14.— Bearded head of Achelous with bull horns from the front, inclined to the left. Back AAT3 (imperfectly pronounced). Head ns Kalliroe with Tie and collar from the front, tilted to the left. Vert. square. Paris (de Luynes),— 7ajel V N. 57. 'Z.f£.N. III plate. 15 and 6; Cat. Brit. Mus. Sicily 235, 1. ° Num. Chron. 1903, 319, 2 plates X 1. ®? I.-B. Kleinas. Coins I £207. * 1.-B. The coins of Acarnania 14.1 and 2 with illustrations, 158, 1 and 2 plates I 20 and 21; Cat. Brit. Mus. Thessaly etc. 168, 1 plate XXVII 1 and 191, 1 plate XXIX 13

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 83 237. P. 13.— W2 (?) 1. Head as well, completely from the front. Rs. ATH 1., MN r. Head of the Aallıroe from the front, with earrings and a necklace with a jewel hanging at the end. Berlin (m. S.).— Zafel V N. 58. | The Ny kin appears on a later copper coin Sphendone in profile.! EEE 238. P. 26.—Head of a vymph (mother of Aias) with a wreath of reeds, Earring and collar to the right. Rev. OTONTIQN 1. Aias, son of Oileus, naked, helmeted, sword in the right, shield on the left. Poor, striding out to fight to the right; on the ground spear. Berlin. — 7a VI N. 1. 239. P. 24.— Likewise, to the left. Rs. Likewise, with AOKPQN 1, % (YTO xvamıdtov) between the legs. Brit. Mus. Cat. Central Greece 5, 38 plates I 1.— Zajdl VI N.2. Varieties: “Kat Brit# Mus. 'a.a.0. Tafi.I 3-11, Taf., Il 2;. Cat. Photiades plate II 337, 344, 351 etc. As already shown on page 49, the previous name is of the woman's head on Locrian coins as Demeter or Kora des- half incorrect, because the wreath on the head is not made of ears of corn, but is made from reeds. We therefore have the image of one Nymph before us, undoubtedly that of the mother of Aias. There for this one three different names are known, Eriopis, Alkimache and Rene, so the naming of the head remains uncertain. Rene becomes Hyg. fab. 97 expressly referred to as a nymph. Other examples where on one Coin the images of mother and son, or father and daughter are united, can be found on page 12. Copper coins from the Locrian city of Skarphea also show the Head of the vymph (without reed wreath) and the arguing alias. ° Advice. Brit. Mus. 191, 2’Plate. XXIX 16: ?2 Cat. Brit. Mus. Central Greece 11, 1.

84 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER THEBATI The nymph 7%ede, daughter of Asopos, believes Head, cat. Brit. Mus. Central Greece 72.40 Plate XII 9 in the seated girl of a didrachm from Boeotian Thebes. Because of the very poor preservation of the type is mentioned here again Reproduction of the same is waived. About the seated woman looking at something held in her left hand tenen Helmes a.a.O. 72.42 Plate XII 10 see above Perraiboi p. 74. BIREZ TIRIER 240. P. 23.— Bull lying to the left, head turned back. Rs. EVB. Head of the nymph Zuboia, daughter of Asopus, with Earring on the right. Recessed square. Paris. 1-B. Mon. size 223, 70; Greek. Coins 11, plate I 19. Similar heads can be found on other staters Num. Chron. 1892, plate XV 12, cat. Hirsch XVIII N. 2365 and 2366, and on Tetradrachms 1.-B. Greek. Coins plate I 20,! Cat. Photiades plate. III 452, ZN. XXI plate V 3, Num. Chron, 1902 TarıXV 709023 the following from cat. Hirsch XVIII N. 2367: 241. P. 25.— Head of the nymph Zzbora, without decoration, to the right. Rs. EY above, BOI r. Standing bull to the right. Tetradrachmon.— Zafel VI N. 3. 242. P. 19.—Head of the Zubora with earrings to the right. Rev. EPETPIE above, AM®INIKOZ below. Wine branch with two wedding ben and scroll. Vienna. — Zafe! VI N. 4. Varieties: Kat Brit: Mus. 'Central”Greece Dat XVIEsr=E ARITTT discovered: 'Arthur Mahler, Journal. intern. de num. III 194. Plate H’ shows this nymph’s head compared to a sculptural work and thinks the former was made with a wide bandage. decorates. However, this is not the case with this or other copies.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 85 GHADR 1 243. P. 16.— Head of the nymph Chalcis, daughter of Asopus, to the left, with tie, earrings and collar. Rs. Eagle fighting a snake on the left; in Rose fields below. Vienna. — Zafel.VI'N.5. 244. P. 21.—Head of Chalcis with ear pendant to the right. Pkr. Rev. XAAKI 1. MENEAH r. Standing eagle to the right, the wings striking a snake erected in front of him. Brit. Mus. Cat. 114, 86.— Zafel VI N. 6. Varieties: Cat. Brit. Mus. Plate XX 9-14. FRESYDTIREA S. below, Bacchian nymphs. SALAMIS 245. Br. 17.—Head of the mymph Salamis with Stephane, earring and Collar on the right. Backs. ZA|AA Sword in scabbard with strap on shield. Munich. — Zajfel VI N. 7. 246. Br. 14.— Likewise, the head with yours (?) wreathed. In trade. — Number VI N. 8. See Cat. Brit. Mus. Attica 116, 1-11 plates XX 7-9. ‘The coins date from the 4th century BC. BC on the Salamis, one of the daughters of the river god Asopos, appears first eponymous city goddess, on the other as goddess of fertility.

86 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER CORINTHOS The heads with which the numerous Corinthian drachmas and hemidrachms of the 5th-3rd century v. are shaped, With the exception of a few, the names Demeter, Kora, Apollo and Dionysus are used represent, refer to Aphrodite. ! e In my opinion this interpretation is by no means correct; the . A large number of these women's heads undoubtedly represent the nymph of the praised the source of Peirene, whose image we have in full form Coins from the imperial period will meet again and again. It's probably enough these heads with the numerous variants of the Arethusa head syra- Compare kusish coins to see that it is also This is not about depicting a woman used in temples and statues. honored great goddess, but rather that of a nymph, whose Headdress, like that of mortal women, is continually fashionable used to change. We know about the artists before Roman times It is true that they do not differ in the representation of famous cult gods strictly adhered to the temple images; alone such unbridled freedom the variation that could be practiced for nymph heads never used on coins for a goddess like Aphrodite come. This is proven by the example of Knidus, on his coins from 7th to 2nd centuries v. BC continuously the head of the Aphrodite appears. During this long period limited the die cutters focus on very few variations of the image: in The oldest type was the type with and without the hood, and later the type with and without Sphendone. | In the selection of Peirene types that follow here also appear those with reed wreaths (n. 261 and 262). 247.8. 15.—Flying Pegasus to the right. Rs. 0 head of the Vymph of archaic style with band and collar, to the right. Recessed square. M. S.— Zafel VI N. 9. ‘ Head. Cat. Brit. Mus. Corinth 8-52 and 143 f. Plates II-XIII and XXXIX. However, see $. XXIII of the introduction, where the interpretation of the women's heads on Aphrodite is questioned.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 87 248. P. 16.— Likewise, head to the left, only with a bandage, transitional style. Berlin (m. p.),— Zafe VI N. 10. 249. P. 12.—Head of the vymph with bandage on the left; in front of it dolphin. Rev. 9 Front part of the Pegasus to the left. Berlin (m. p.),— Za/ VI N. 11. 250. P. 12.—Head of the vymph with bandage from the front. Rs. Likewise. Brit. Mus. Cat. plate V 15.— 7ajel VI N. 12. 251. p. 17.—N|O. Head of the nymph with crossing band, ear hung and collar on the left. Rs. 92 Flying Pegasos left. Berlin (m. S.).— Zafel VI N. 13. 252. P. 16.— A|A. Head of Vymph with Sphendone over forehead is knotted, earrings and collar on the left. Rs. Likewise. Berlin (m. p.).— Zafel VI N. 14. 253. P. 15.— A|A. Head also with /Veiz, rear wheel. Rs. Likewise. Berlin (m. p.),— Zafe VI N. 15. 254. P. 18.— A|®. Head of the Vymph as city goddess with Stephane, Earrings and collar on the left. Rs. Likewise. Berlin. — 7aje/VI N. 16. 255. P. 16.— A l. Head of the vymph with earrings and collar to the left; wreath at the back. Rs. Likewise. Stuttgart.—Plate VI N. 17. 'S. above $. 82 the nymphs with Stephane.

88 230. DD in SI 261 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER P. 16.— A r. Head of the mymph with earrings and collar to the left; There are two thick intersecting hairs around the head braids twisted. ! Rs. Likewise. Brit Mus. Cat. 31, 292, supposedly with a wreath - 7afel VI N. 18. .S. 17.— A r. Head as well, with Sphendone. Rs. Likewise. Berlin (m. S.).— Zafel VI N. 19. .9..17.-— A. 1. Head also, with Cecryphalos, this one with dots seeded. Rs. Likewise. Berlin. — Zafel VI N. 20. ). P. 16.—A r. Head as well, without hair decorations. Rs. Likewise. Berlin (m. S.).— Zafel VI N. 21. .S. 15.—Al r. Head of the vymph with flowing hair, without P mp Jewelry, left. Rev. 9. Front part of the Pegasus to the left. Florence — Zafel VI N. 22. 9. 13.— Head of the vymph with reed wreath, ear pendant and neck band to the right. Rs. Likewise. Six.—7plate VI N. 23. .9. 16.— A 1. Likewise, to the left. Rs. 9. Flying Pegasus 1. Brit. Mus. Cat. 23, 228 with attached Persephone.— Zaje/VI N. 24. 3.5. 13.—A|P. Head of the nymph with tied up hair, ears hanged and collar linskhin. Rev. 9. Front part of the Pegasus to the left. Augsburg. — Zafel VI N. 25. \ See Metapontum Plate I N. 21 and 22.

264. En r. 266. 267. 268. 269. NYMPHS AND CHARITES 89 P. 16.— N 1. Head of the mymph with cecryphalos and collar to the left. Rev. 9. Flying Pegasus to the left. Brit. Mus. Cat 45, 381.— Zafel VI N. 26. P. 16.— Head of the Myrnphe with Cecryphalos, ear pendant and neck band to the right. Rs. 9. Flying Zeoasus to the right. In trade. — Zaj/e VI N.27. P. 17.—A|l. Head the same way, with flowing hair to the left, on the neck kryphalos three rows of leaf-shaped decorations. Back. Likewise, to the left. M. S.-- Zajel VI N. 28. P. 15.— loose, earring and collar to the left; palm branch at the back with wreath. Rs. Likewise. Copenhagen. — Zajel VI N. 29. See Cat. Brit. Mus. 52, 417 Plate XIII 18 (to be corrected). P. 17.— Head of the vymph with tied up hair and neck tied to the right; Monogranım at the back. Rs. Likewise. Klagenfurt. — Plate VI N. 30. See Cat. Brit. Mus. 51, 416 plate XIII 17. P. 15.—Head the same way, with wavy hair and a bandage to the right. Rev. AY under the Zegasos flying to the right. Six — Plate VI N. 31. We find similar, sometimes almost identical nymph heads Drachmas of the Epizephyrian Locrians, of Syracuse, Corcyra and the Acarnan cities.

90 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER HE EATS LO 270. 5. 15.— Traces of inscription 1. Head of Procris with sphene done, which is adorned with stars, earrings and neck-” band to the left; behind it 'Sforch to the right. Rs. KEPA above. Youthful head of Cephalos with tied nem Pileus to the right; behind it the dog's head to the left, front spearhead. Brit. Mus. Cat 85, 7 Taf XVII 13.— 7a VI N. 32. Berlin (Fox). From the inscription of the Vs, read from top to bottom, believe I on the London copy... NINN, on the Berlin [K]PA... to be able to decipher what appears to be Aranioi, not Pale, as a place of origin. sen. The symbols and and spear, which in the Procrissages have a significant play the same role, appear in the relationship between the two heads Cephalus and Procris leave no room for doubt. The women's head carries in and of itself, and is further received by the person buried Stork, unmistakably nymphal character, which Procris is named after Origin and legend cannot be denied. In a note Cat. Brit Mus. Pelop. 85 says Percy Gardner suggests that the die cutter may have intended through the epithets dog and spear, which were peculiar to Procris, to describe the male head as that of Procris, like her, as Young man disguised, hunted unrecognized with Cephalos. With this interpretation But the other head would have to be that of an otherwise unknown cephalic represent a niche naiad. More obvious because it is generally understandable cher, at least the view of the two heads as cephalos remains and Procris, even more so than KE®A not for the place name, the Cranioi, but rather as an inscription on the male head. Appear on safe Palerian coins in silver and copper on the one hand the seated Cephalos with an inscription, on the other hand Procris reed-wreathed nymph. Cat. Brit. Mus. Pelop. Plate XVII £13, the Nymph alone on copper a.a.O. Plate XVIII I and 2.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 9] 271. P. 17.—M|A. Head of the nymph with a wreath of reeds and earrings to the left. ? Rs. KEBANOE]. Seated naked cephalos on the left, the right on the spear, the left on the rock seat. Brit. Mus. and Athens. — Zajel VI N. 33. Also with the head with bandage of a Tritetartemorion from Pale, l.-B. Num. Chr. 1895, 270 plate X 4, the nymph may be meant; also with the archaic bust cat. Brit. Mus. Pel. 78, 13 and 14 Plate XVI 14 and 15. TROIZEN The ones with no characterizing Attributes decorated Heads of the Troezenian silver coins are partly on Apollo, partly to Artemis, more recently referred to Alkena by Percy Gardner. ' But if you take an overview of the types shown in the English catalog including those in the cat. Allier plate VI19 and L-B. Choix de m. gr. Plate II 70, one will have justified doubts about the cannot deny the correctness of the final interpretation. If break nias II 30, 6 of old Troician coins with the head of Athena and Dreizack reports that he likes the copper stamping with these Types? in mind, not the older silver coins. From Of the head types of the latter, the only one that seems to me to be shown from the front is presented archaic (cat. Allier plate VI 19) to be suitable, for example to be proposed to Athena Polias or Sthenias; the others unhelmeted heads without any decorations and strict style Apollon, who has a changing hairstyle and a tie, Artemis or one represent nymph. With this uncertainty of interpretations is on to forego a depiction of the latter type. ! Imhoof and Gardner, Num. Commentary on Pausanias 47, 1 plate M. I and 2; Cat. Brit. Mus. Pelop. 165, 1-14 plates XXX 17-24; see I.-B. Mon. grecques 181, 132-146 plate E 5. ? 1.-B. Mon. size 182, 148 and 149, cat. Brit. Mus. 166, 15 and 16 plates XXXI 1.

92 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER MANTEN EIPA 272. 5. 16.— MANT |]. i r. Athena's head to the right. Back: head of a nymph with earrings to the right. Athens. — Plate VI N. 34. Cat. Brit. Mus. Pelop. 186, 16 plate XXXV 1. Percy Gardner questions the nymph by calling him Callisto. MY SSDIRZENN 273. Br. 18.— Head of Zeus with laurel to the right. Rev. MEOYAPI 1, ERN r. The nymph Aallisto left, from Arrows of Artemis struck in the chest, with him standing upright Head and spread arms falling backwards; behind her on floor the newborn lying on its back and fidgeting Rene Arkas. Berlin (m. p.).— Zafel VI N. 35. 1.-B. Monnaies grecques 200 f. 244 plates E 9. ORCHOMENOS . 274. Br. 20.—- Artemis in a short chiton and hat on the right neck- there, with the r. Kneeling leg, right lowered to the ground, in her left hand the bow she has just shot; Dog sitting behind the goddess to the right. Rs. EPXOMES |., IQN r. Group of Aallısto and Arkas like on the coin of Methydrion; the child sits on the left arms stretched out on the floor. Cat. Brit Mus. Pelop. 190.1 plate XXXV 5. L-B. loc. cit. 203, 246-249 plate E 10. On coins from Pheneos we continue the Arcas myth find developed.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 93 PHENEOS 275. P. 21.— Head of the nymph Maia, mother of Hermes, with reeds Wreath, earrings and collar on the left. Rs. dENEQN r., ©OHPI!]. Naked Hermes, with cloak over him Back, left on rocks the Kyllene resting in the Right hand herald's staff stretched out, the left propped up. Sir H. Weber (Photiades, cat. plate VI 1178), — 7ajel VI N. 36. See Cat. Brit. Mus. Pelop. 194, 14 plate XXXVI 8. 276. P. 16.— Likewise. | Rs. dENIKON above. Standing bull to the right; between the Legs T. Munich. — Plate VI N. 37. Cat. Brit. Mus. 194, 15 plate XXXVI9. 277. P. 8.—Head of the vymph to the right. Rs. ® E. Sitting dog with collar to the right. Berlin. — 7ajel VI N. 38. l.-B. Mon. grecques 205, 256. 278. Br. 17.—Head of the vymph as on N. 275 and 276. Rs. $|E. measuring stick. Cat. Brit Mus. 195, 17-20 plate XXXV1 10. While the didrachms known in several varieties of the Pheneates show the image of Demeter wreathed with ears of corn, lead the drachmas, hemidrachms, hemioboli and described here Copper coins without exception are of the type wreathed with reeds Nymph in which Maia, mother of Hermes, can be recognized. Maia was the nymph of Mount Kyllene, which rose near Pheneos, and Hermes brought little Arkas to her to care for. A representation From this myth, Hermes appears with the raised child Arkas the poor, as is well known, give the already mentioned beautiful Didrach ! OHPI is probably based on a magistrate's name, not a nickname of Hermes, to supplement,

94 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER men of Pheneos. If you still choose the coin types from Methydrion and Orchomenus, it follows from these Arcadian coins a complete illustration of the arcade legend: we see Zeus as father of the Arkas — Artemis, killing his mother Aallisto, — the child Arkas lying next to the dying mother, — Zermes, taking in the child and hastening away with it, Maia, to whom it is brought, — Hermes, up resting on the heights of the Kyllene from the march with the child, and Arkas sitting on the floor and playing. ! The coins of Pheneos are again a striking example for which when discussing the types from Syracuse, Pherai and Opus rule that the stalks should be open-eared as a reed wreath River gods and nymphs are to be understood. Where it is Demeter or kora, the ear of grain is never missing from the tip of the stalk. This proves e.g. B. that which is approximately simultaneous with the pheneatic Messenian character, where in contrast to that, because always Demeter what is meant is the heads of drachmas, obols and copper coins appear throughout, like that of Didrachm, wreathed with ears of grain.? However, there appears to be an exception to this rule: one of the didrachms of Pheneus, the only one with the head on the left- there, showing this one without an ear of grain. I leave the description of this piece those of another preceded by the ordinary type. 279. P. 27.—Head of Demeter with a wreath of wheat and wide earrings and collar to the right. Rs. ®#E|NE|NN. Naked Hermes with petasos and cloak on the left- rushing there, herald's staff in his outstretched right hand Head turned to the right towards the child Arkas, who he was lying on l. arm carries. Between the legs of the god ©. Mtsk. Brussels (Count Du Chastel).— 7a/e/ VI N. 39. 280. 5. 25.—Head of the Maia to the left (as N. 275); behind TO, Rs. Same stamp as N. 279. Brit. Mus.— 7aj/el VI N. 40. Num. Chron. 1894, 8, 8 plate 17. 'L-B. Mon. gr. 201 note 62; Cat. Photiades N. 1157. ° Cat. Brit. Mus. Pelop. 109 f. Plate XXII 1 ff.; Num. Chron. 1889 Plate XII 9,

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 95 The question now is whether the last coin is a random one. The slight omission of the ear is what I doubt, or whether to refer the two head types to two different goddesses are what seems more obvious. Apparently this forms didrachm N. 280 a group with the drachma and hemidrachm N. 275 and 276, whose reed-wreathed heads also face left and where the earrings show the same simple shape. So either had a change of type, Demeter with Maia, took place or, since there were There are plays by nymphs with wreaths of wheat (see Metapont, Mesma, Gela, Larisa, Phakion) also represents the head wreathed with ears of grain Didrachms represent the Maia. The assumption of a type change is but definitely to give preference; because the image of Demeter Finally replacing it with that of the nymph was the opposite stood on the back, Hermes carrying the arcas of Maia, just dezu tempting, and similar examples of the union of mother and Sohn as coin types are known to be not rare. ! There is no further objection to the way in which the Maia is garlanded. turn: as a mountain nymph she was also the guardian of the springs and streams and their reed thickets. And wreathed with reeds appears below to many also the nymph of a promontory, the Pelorias (p. 38 N. 85). ıS. above Taras'S. 12.

96 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER CRETE AND ISLANDS KNOSOS The female head on the Knossian coins also appears varies like that of the nymphs of other cities: without jewelry, ! with Earring and sometimes collar,” with headband? and most often figsten with a wreath of reeds or rushes.* In the entire series it is understood that individually and, as it were, at the end a small group of simultaneous ones Didrachms and drachmas, whose head is thought to be that of Demeter or Kora holds.° The fact that the flowers at the tips of the stalks represent spikelets However, it is not completely certain; They appear too short for this plump. But you have this in the proposed interpretation To hold on to the head, it has no influence on the head of the others heads. We have seen on coins from Syracuse and Pheneos, that with the images of Demeter or Kora and the nymphs was minted at the same time, and in Syracuse the latter only after Agathocles, suddenly and forever, through types of higher deities were displaced. The same procedure was followed in Knosos, where also in the 4th century BC. BC to replace the previous women's Heads new coin types appeared, namely heads of Kora(?) and Hera and Apollo. Regarding the interpretation of the earlier female head, one can fluctuate between Britomartis, Pasipha& and Ariadne. Dribomartis was a local nymph beloved by Minos, whose cult also was widespread outside Crete. It speaks primarily for them the nymph-like character of the depictions. To the wife and the daughter of Minos, those with the women's heads indicate I Svoronos, Num. de la Crete anc. Plate V 14, VI 2 and 3. ?2 A.a.O. Plate V 15-18, VI 1, 10 Ephem. arch. 1889 plates 11, 17 and 18. 8 Svoronos a.a.©. Plate 33, VI 11. 5 * A.a.O. Plate IV 34, 35, V 1-13; Ephem. arch. 1889 plates '11, 15 and 16; Cat. Brit. Mus. Crete Plate IV 10-137 7.1 5 Svoronos a.a. O. 71, 43-50 plates V 20 and 9.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 97 posed types Minos, 'labyrinth and head of the Minotaur, * on Ariadne, for example, because on the older coins the image is in the middle of a a meandering frame representing the labyrinth appears; finally on Pasiphae, because on her, as a light deity, who is often alongside symbols star and crescent moon that appear in the labyrinth By the way, Britomartis also appears to be a moon goddess to have been understood. Of the numerous head types, the reproduction of which is already underway has been referred to, I only use four for the illustration. 281. P. 25.— KNNEI|ON 1. Female X0%/ with reed wreath, earrings Hang and collar to the right, in one of meander lines formed framework (labyrinth). Pkr. Rev. MINNE 1. Seated bearded Minos with a bare torso left, the right hand on the scepter, the first arm on the backrest of the throne. Pkr. Berlin. Vs. 7ajfl VI N. 41. 282. P. 22.—Head as well, without frame. Back: labyrinth in the shape of a cross, with a star in the middle. Brit. Mus.— TZabel VI N. 42. 283. p. 25.—Head as well, without wreath. Back: labyrinth in square shape; including 418. Mus. Hunter. — 7ajel VI N. 43. 284. Br. 14.—Head of Apollo with laurel to the right. Back: head of the mymph with crossed bandage, earring and neck band to the right. Sir H. Weber. — 7a/e/ VI N. 44. I Svoronos a.a.O. Plate IV 33-35, Ephem. arch. 1889 plates 11, 15. ? Syoronos a.a.O. Plate V 1; Ephem. arch. Plate 11, 16. Minotaur also in full stalt is worth mentioning as the archaic head in the labyrinth, Svoronos Plate IV 31 and cat. Brit. Mus. Plate IV 8, but is probably the same as Svorono's plate IV 34 (our plate VI N. 41), ® Svoronos a.a.O. Plate V 2-11. * Rapp, Roschers Lex. I 827, 66. Si

98 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER KYD ONIA S. below Bacchian nymphs. GORTYN:A For the Gortyn coin image, known in numerous variations, the girl sitting in the branches of a tree! that one for Furopa used to hold,” Svoronos believes a more appropriate explanation to have found it by placing the figure on the mymph Britomartis relates.” So much so with his evidence on minor points seems worthy of attention, it will be so difficult for him in the decision-making to follow. Above all is the acceptance of the union of the Nymph with Zeus or Minos transformed into an eagle reject because it actually contradicts the report that Britomar- tis was a daughter of Zeus and preserved her virginity by joining the persecution of Minos by falling into the sea removed. There are no serious reasons for not sticking to the interpretation of Europe. legal reasons. Like the legend of Callisto on Arcadian coins and the Arkas (see above p. 93 f.) in its various phases. The myth of Europe appears on the coins of Gortyna. One look at the beautiful tables in Svoronos' Crete is enough to convince you to convince us that what Gortynian art presents to us on coins leads, only refers to one goddess, the one who ended up with Gortyna Europe. The oldest image is that of kidnapping; follow him lungs of the young/rough people who were carried to Crete, as they ponder and sitting waiting on the plane tree and as you sit on the back of it Coin, as an image of the past, is juxtaposed with bull, this one looking around confidently, walking leisurely or lying down, as it were to Climbing challenging, and at times from that Sea symbol, the dolphin, accompanied (Plate XIII 3, XV 16, 1 7), finally ! Svoronos a.a.O. Plates XIII-XV: Cat. Brit. Mus. Crete plates IX-XI. ? Overbeck, Zeus 445 f. Plate VI 2-7. ® Rev. belge de num. 1894 p. 1f. Plate I.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 99 lich the image of the Virgin and Zeus as an eagle before, during and after the marriage (see our plate VI N. 46-48). In a later one Period the kidnapping scene is used again as a type and put together with the head of Zeus on the front, once too with the depiction of the final act of the legend (Plate XV 20). When Svoronos highlights that the received traditions about a union of Zeus as an eagle with Europe preserve, this cannot be disputed. But that's the conclusion draw that Europe cannot be meant in the coin image, but Britomartis, therefore seems to contradict all logic, because, as already mentioned, in contrast to Europe, Britomartis as one not described as a nymph loved by Zeus, but fathered by him. dert, who had not revealed her virginity, from the Children are also never mentioned and later the chaste ones Artemis was equated. As far as Zeus's relationship with Europe is concerned, this must be done first Above all, the assumption that after the transfer of the last ren to Crete the god retained the sker shape and in this the attended by a virgin; the most necessary condition is missing, the transformation of Europe, especially that of the Io and the Pasipha£, into one Cow. But for the visual arts, especially for coin images, it remains also the human form of Zeus making love excluded; took the place of the god as less brutal constant attribute and well-known representative in love adventures, the eagle,' and so the only permissible image was created, that on coins Zeus could represent at Europa. The improbability also speaks in favor of this view two different seduction legends in one and the same place and even on the same coin (Svoronos plate XV 20), the place Gortyna itself and the famous PVatane there, to whom the Ver- milling legend. Because there is a tree on the coins and that Foliage did not appear true to nature, but rather depicted more picturesquely, It's no more similar to an oak tree than it is to a plane tree, that's for sure ı cf. H. Usener, Keraunos (Rhein. Mus. LX 1904) 28

100 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER impossible to bump into. Finally, even the rare descendants can Formations of the Gortynian types by the Tisyroi were not present to change the old interpretation of Europe. Although, as I believe I have shown, the ideas suggested by Svoronos striking explanation of the Gortynian Coin image on Britomartis is inadmissible, and Europe is not one of the nymphs like those, so Nevertheless, to illustrate what has been said, I give the latter a special limited representation on the boards. 285. P. 17.— Bull's head with neck to the right. Reverse: Head of Zuropa with Sphendone to the right. Brit. Mus.— 7ajel VI N. 45. This and other female head types on Gortynian coins differentiate does not differ from the usual nymph types way. 286. 5. 25.—Europe in a thoughtful position in the branches of the Pla- tane to the right. Rs. Standing bull to the right, head turning back. Pkr. Mus. Naples N. 7641.— Zajel VI N. 46. 287. P. 27.—Europe bares his upper body with his right hand and presses the ad/he to the lap with his left hand. Pkr. Rs. Likewise. Berlin (m. S.).,— Zajel VI N. 47. 288. P. 28.—Europe with Stephanos and bare upper body on the right- over there, stroking the one standing quietly next to her with her right hand Eagle, which she looks down on, and holds in her right hand Scesster with bird at the head. | Back bull to the right, defending himself from a biting fly. Pkr. M. S.— Zafel VI N. 48.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 101 PIEERTDTASAR NA 289. P. 25.— Head of a Vyrmpke with a crossing band, earring hang and collar to the right. Rs. ®A between the points of a trident. Beriin (m. S.).— Zafel VII N. 1. 290. P. 16.— Likewise, head without bandage. Vienna. — 7ajel VI N.2. Varieties Svoronos a.a.O. Plate XXV 4-12; Cat. Brit. Mus. Tab. BIDT7-9. The head represents either DaAaodevn, probably an eponym nymph, or the nymph of Arztomartı (Diktynuna), who lives in Phala- a sanctuary was built in Sarna. POLYRENION Polyrenion also had a Diktynna temple, so that the Nym- phenheads of this city's coins! also related to Aritomartis can be. 291. P. 17.— Head of the mymph with cecryphalos, earrings and Collar on the left. Back: bull's head with tänia from the front. Pkr. Munich. — Number FROM. 3. DER27E 3:05 p.m The heads of Svorono can be viewed as a type of nymph a.a.0. Plate XXVII 11-20, XXVIII 12-19 and cat. Brit. Mus. Tab. VIII 3. 292. P. 21.— Head of a vymph with a reed wreath, earrings and neck tied to the right; a rose in front. Back: bull's head from the front. Sir H. Weber. — 7Zajd VII N. 4. ' Svoronos ibid. Plate XXVI 4-8; Cat. Brit. Mus. Plate, XVI, 11 and 12,

102 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER PRELAINSOD 293. P. 17.—Head of a mymph (?) with an artistic hairstyle, one-line Gem wreath of leaves, earrings and collar to the right. Pkr. Rs. MPI r. Palm between rudder l. and dolphin r. Pkr. Berlin (m. p.).— Zajel VII N. 5. See Svoronos, Num. de la Crete I 296, 7 ff. Plate XXVIII 24-32, XXIX 1-4, Cat Brit Mus. Crete 73, 5 ff. Plate XVIII, 3-10, 12. The head, which appears on both royal silver and copper coins zen usually has a palm tree as an image facing the back, refers to Svoronos as a nymph, which is possible. In this case would have to be the female figure of the didrachms, standing next to a palm tree enthroned and to which a snake rises from the ground! also considered a nymph. This also appears wreathed and undoubtedly represents represents the same deity as the head. From Hygieia, like Svoronos means, but cannot be said; rather, it is about a woman who plays a role in a local myth unknown to us played.” The depiction of a girl, palm tree and snake is reminiscent vividly reminiscent of the well-known Gortynian with Europe, plane tree and eagle, and further, when the serpent, like the eagle, as metamorphosis is to be interpreted to some of the groups mentioned above on p. 46. Almost all coins from Priansos show either as the second type Poseidon or in the field attributes of the god, from which one can conclude would like to be involved in the event reported by the possible legend Poseidon was also involved. A transformation of the same into one But Snake doesn't come out of any of the reported love relationships of God. 1 Svoronos ibid. Plate XXVIII 21-23; Cat. Brit. Mus. Plate XVII 6.u. 7. ° Gardner, Types 162 Plate IX 5 supports the explanation Persephone and Zeus in Snake shape. However, the head type of the coins does not speak for Persephone,

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 103 BUILD D 294. P. 12.— Head of a vymph with a reed wreath and ear pendant to the left. Pkr. DS PAYT KION’TE Trident Pkr. Berlin. Fox, gr. coins I plate X 111: Benno ara) 307.25 Tal XXIX 27: vol 307.28 and 29. PA RIOIS 295. P. 22.—Head of a vymph with a band that crosses itself several times to the right. Rs. ANAEIK | MAPI over standing billy goat to the right. In trade. — 7a/e/ VII N. 6. Varieties in silver and copper Cat. Brit. Mus. Crete Plate XXVI 2 19, 296. Br. 15.— Head of a statue with Stephane and an earring to the right. Rs. MDAPI. Standing billy goat facing left. Berlin (m. S.),— Za/l VO N. 7. About nymphs with Stephane see Leukas p. 82. There is an inscription about a nymph shrine near the city of Paros Rubensohn, Athens. Mitt. XXVI 1901, 217 attested. SE PEHINES 297. P. 9—Head of a mymph with bandage, earring and collar to the right. Rs. ®1% r. Standing vein to the right; back sheet. Deepened square. Former. Collection Photiades.— 7afel VII N. 8. Berlin. Fox, gr. coins I plate X 114. Customer of an ancient Nymphaion on Siphnos gives the inscription Fer Gr. II 1080-N..2423%

104 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER NYMPHATON (in Taurike) 298. P. 15.—Head of a vymph with sphendone to the left. Rs. NYN above. WMWine branch with leaves and grapes. Deepened square. Berlin. Describe.d. ans. Coins I 8, 1.— 7ajel VII N. 9. 299. P. 8.— Likewise. Podzhivalov, description. uned. Coins 1882, 3.3 plate I 14; Head, Historian num. 238. AMISOS The woman's head on the silver coins from Amisos is cared for of Hera or Tyche." Since the tower crown that The image that adorns the smaller of these coins is identical to that of the Vym “Phe Sinope,” so this could be an Amise nymph or Amazon act as city goddess. 300. P. 20.— Head of a mymph (?) with earrings, collar and robe on the left; he wears an ornate 'Siephanos with three turrets. Pkr, Rev. PEIPA below, H|ITH in the field. Standing owl with unfolded Wings from the front. Berlin. — Zajel VII N. 10. 301. P. 13.— Likewise, with tower crown and robe to the right. Rev. [ZIKOY] below, O|N in the field. As well. Karlsruhe. L-B. ZEN. VII 18, 1.— 7ajel VII N. 11. ' Cat. Brit. Mus. Pontus 13th plate II 10-13; Babelon and Reinach, Rec. gen. des monn gr. d’Asie min. I 44£. Plate VI 16-32, VII 1-4. ° Cat. Brit. Mus. Taf, XXII, 11ff.; Bab. and. Pure. Plate XXV 26-37; our plate VII NE 16.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 105 The coins of others on the Pontus show the same type of head Euxeinos towns, Aarkıne, 'Kromna' and Zlerakleia' He Apparently represents the protective and city goddess in each case, in many In cases the local nymph can be seen. This is very likely Acceptance for Amisos, Karkine and Kronina. Also the woman's head of the coins of Sesamos,' probably refers to a nymph. In Hairstyle, jewelry and clothing completely identical to Kromna's him instead of Stephanos ÄAren, who, as we have seen repeatedly, also occur in nymphs and are therefore appropriate here can order the simultaneous and similar coins from Sesamos and Kromna more than through the mere inscription of each other differentiate. Finally, the Stephanos with tower-like attachments are shown Images of Dione on coins of Epeirot ® and Kassope,® the Hera on didrachms from Tylisos and Aphrodite (?) on one tarsian Stater.® That the latter is not to be taken as that of a nymph is proven by the Obolos of our plate VII N. 51, where on the one hand the nänı- liche. Head, on the other hand that of a nymph is shown from the front. S+E NECHPOR 302. P. 19.— Head of the nymph Srzofe with sphendone and earrings to the left. Pkr. Rev. &INN below, in the field r. MOI. Sea eagle on dolphin to the left. Löbbecke. — 7afel VII N. 13. Numerous varieties of this and the following coins have been sold. forms cat. Brit Mus. Pontos etc. Plates XXI and XXI; Six, number Chron. 1885 plate II; Babelon and Reinach, Rec. gen. I plate XXIV f. ı 1.-B. Kleinas. Mzn. II 527 note 4. ®? Cat. Brit. Mus. Plate XXI 1-4; Bab. and pure. Plate XXI 23-26. Advice. Brit. Mus. Plate XXIX 16, 19,20, XXX Am. 2: * 1.-B. Mon. size 229, 1 plate E 17; Bab. and pure. Plate XXIV 1-4; here plate VII N. 12. 5 Cat. Brit. Mus. Thessaly plate XVII 5 and 8. AT STE NEIIST ATS V.IB2 IE ? Svoronos, Crete Plate XXXT 6 and 7. 8 Cat. Brit. Mus. Lykaonia etc. Plate XL 12.

106 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER 303. P. 12.-— Head of the Sinofesse with collar and stripes on the garment Jibe from the front, slightly inclined to the left. Pkr. Rs. &1| NN. Eagle with unfolded wings from the front, head to the left. Berlin. — Zafef VII N. 14. 304. 5. 28.—Head of Sinope with massive tower crown to the left. Ge- gene stamp. Rs. (&1]|NQ. Archaic image of the standing naked Apollo with laurel branch and ointment vessel to the right; before the god Tripod, left IN. Counterstamp. Paris.—Inv. Waddington N. 167.—Plate VII N. 25. Simpler tower crowns show the partial coins and the following Tetradrachmon. 305. 5. 30.— Head of Sinope with a narrow tower crown and earrings hanging, sometimes also collared, to the right. Counterstamp. Rev. &INNMIERN 1. Seated naked Apollo with lyre and plectrum on the Omphalos to the right; in the field r. A, M, ®. counter- stamp. Paris (de Luynes).— Zaj/e/ VII N. 16. The simple tower crown as jewelry for female city deities occurs on coins around the middle of the 4th century BC. BC, so much first known by Aphrodite on coins of the Cyprian kings Euagoras II, Pnytagoras and Nikocreon at Salamis.' In the 3rd century. one finds the vymphs of Sinope and Amisos adorned with it, and also the goddess of Marathos,? which I don't think is Tyche and the Zera of Tylisos;® in the last two centuries v. Chr. often Cybele (Smyrne, Plakia, Gargara, Gentinos, Attuda, Leonnaia, Pes- sinus etc), Artemis (taur. Chersonesos, Lysimacheia, Priapus, Abydos, ‘Cat. Brit. Mus. Kypros plates XII and XXIV. A silver coin of Nikocles of Pa- phos shows the goddess with a crown consisting of a high Stephanos and a surrounding ' closing ring of towers is formed, a. a. ©. Plate XXII 10. °Head, Hist. num. 670 fig. 351; Babelon, Ach&menides 208, 1440 and 210, 1458 plates. XXVII2u.8. ° Svoronos, Mon. de Crete I Plate XXXI 6 and 7.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 107 Apamea,! Isindos), the goddess of Hierapytna,” Demeter (Olbia)” and lastly the 7'yche side, which is usually provided with the veil The latter then appeared in Roman times with other tower-crowned city goddesses. noticeably fade into the background. However, you don't find yourself among them ten eponymous heroines, Amazons (Kyme, Myrina, Aige, Smyrna and others),' and Vymphen, of which the Sevesta (see above p. 45), that of the two Bithynian and Kilbian cities of Vikaia (Plate X N. 10 and 16) and Amaltheia (Crete, Synnada Plate IX N.7 and 10). are. From other deities are also to be mentioned Zera (Argos, Ankyra), Athena (Herakleia Salbake), Dionysus (Teos), Demeter (Ery- thrai, Smyrna), Vrke (Nikopolis in Epeiros), //ygreia? (Konana), Zlpis (Anazarbos) and perhaps even an Aazser woman" (Germe). With the tower crown, as with the tower at other times Stephane (see Leukas $.82) and Stephanos (see Amisos 5.1041.) denotes the most diverse city deities, including the nymphs have always been heard and often depicted. ASTAKOS (Bithynia) 25.9. 18— At r. Crayfish. Rev. Head of a vymph with Cecryphalos on the left in a ver- deep square. Paris.—Plate VII N. 17. L-B. Mon. size 234, 20-22; Greek. Coins 73, 114. LAMPSAKOS 307. G. 18.— Head of a /Vymph with earrings and collar 1st Lkr. Rev. Front part of a winged horse on the right in recessed square. Sir H. Weber. — 7afe VI N. 18. Agnes Baldwin, Journal. intern. de num. V 24, 36 Act. III 23. 1 1.-B. Kleinas. Coins I £207. ? Svoronos a.d.O. Plate XVII. ® Pick, the ant. Coins North Gr. I panel x 1 ft. ıNomisma Il: 5 1.-B. Greek. Coins 171, 487 plate X 23. 6 1.-B. Journ. of hell. st. XVIII 162, 3 plate XII 3. ’ 1.-B. Greek. Coins 246, 814.

108 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER PERGAMON Some around 400 v. Copper coins minted in the 1st century BC show one Woman's head, which can be mistaken for that of a nymph. He is either decorated with a wide bandage or with a sphendone.? PROCONNESOS Here too, the female types of coins are more likely than to refer to Aphrodite, the nymph of the island. 308. P. 15.—Head of a vymph with earring and collar on the right- down, the hair in a decorated with ribbons and beads Cecryphalos. Rs.PPO r., CON]. Single-handled jug. M. S.—Plate VI N. 19. 309. P. 14.— Likewise, the earrings in the shape of grapes. Munich. — 7ajel VII N. 20. 310. P. 13.— Likewise, with Sphendone. Brit. Mus. Cat. Mysia 178, 3 plate XXXV 11; cf. Numbers Chron. 1904, 301, 20 plates. XV 14. 311. 8. 16.— ANAZIFENHE ]. Head of a vymph with a wreathed neck cryphalos, earrings in the shape of a lobe and a collar on the right. Rev. MPO|KON over a deer lying to the right, his head turns back; below Astragalus, right one-handled jug. Brit. Mus. Cat. 178, 1 plate XXXV 9.— Plate VO N. 21. See cat. Allier plate XIII 1. ' 1.-B. Greek. Coins 92, 175 plate VII 8. ° 1.-B. Kleinas. Coins I 31, I plate. 126; Num. Chron. 1904, 300, 19 plate XV 13:

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 109 AND The head of the small bronze coins of Thebe, with the Kekry phalos decorated, also has Nynıphen character.! Inı Myth Meanwhile, Thebe appears as an eponymous heroine; she was daughter of Founder of Adramytion and wife of Heracles, who ruled the city Thebe founded Hyperplakia. The long spiral curl on her cheek is strange. On the Pieces with Pegasosprotome as the reverse image (Munich) seems to be the case Cecryphalus to be wreathed. DENT TO BROS 312. P. 7.— Head of a Vyrmph with a crossed band and earring to the right. Rs. A N Lion's head from the front. Recessed square. M. S.—Plate VII N. 22. 313. P. 14.— Likewise. Rs. ANTA above, No. r. Standing billy goat to the right. Berlin (m. p.).— Zafel VII N. 23. See cat. Allier de Hauteroche plate XII, 1; Cat. Brit. Mus. Troas Plate VO, 1u.2; L-B. Kleinas. Coins 36, 1-3 plate: I 32; Cat. Deer XIII plate XXXVIII 3410, without earrings. The head may be that of Alexiroe, daughter of Antandros or of Gra- represent nikos.” Her name seems, like Kalliro&, Archiro& and others, to be one water nymph, with which the lion's head of the ancient Drian copper coins (such as the Pheraic) as fountains head is to be related. ' Cat. Allier plate XIII 19; Millingen, Syll. Plate IV 43. ? Vıinet, Rev. num. 1845 pp. £9.

110 314. a 3.10. 318; F. IMHOOF-BLUMER BBEINSTEUN.OS Br. 12.—Head of a vymph to the right. Rs. T|E above, No. r. below. Bee, 1st palm. Berlin (m. S.).— Zafel VII N. 24. GERGIS Br. 18.— Head of the /Zeroßhile with laurel, earrings and neck band from the front, tilted to the right. Rs. FEP r. Seated Sphinx to the right. Berlin (m. S.).,— Zajel VO N. 25. Brit. Mus Kats[roas25> La 2227, See below II. Dept. “Herophiles”. SCAMANDREIA Br. 9.— IAH 1. Head of the mountain nymph /de with earring and neck band to the right. Rs. &KA pine cones. L-B. ZEN. I 139/17 Da & IV 15, mistakenly with Weintrzuns Kleinas. Coins 42, 2 Tat. II 2.— Zajel VII N. 26. . Br. 9.—Head of the /de with sphendone, earring and collar to the right. Rs. Likewise. L-B. Kleinas. Coins 43, 3 plate II 3.—- Zaje VII N. 27. See Cat. Brit. Mus. Troas 79, 4 and 5 plate XIV 14. Br. 20.— Head of /de with wreath of narrow leaves, earring and collar to the right. Rs. &K|\A Pine; to the right, boar's head to the right. Brit. Mus. Cat. Plate XIV 12.— Zafel VII N. 28. Vel. L-B. Z.£.N. I 139, 3 mistakenly with Apollo's head; Kleinas. Coins 42, 1. The nymph comes lying on the mountain with the inscription IAH on coins of Skepticism from the time of Caracalla before Vs. Plate XI N. 6.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 11 BOIONE 319. Br. 10.—Head of a VympAhe with Cecryphalos earring and Collar on the left. Rev. BOINNIT above, WON 1. A. Standing bull to the right. M. S.—Zajel VI N. 29. See L-B. Monnaies grecques plate E 24; Cat. Brit. Mus. Troas ei0s La x 1X9]7172; CASH JUICE EHRICONTS With the same types as Boione, nymph head right or left-handed and bull, Larisa coined,' and at the same time with the pictures of a youthful river god and bull's head.? 320. P. 11.— Head of the Vymfhe with Sphendone, earring and neck band to the right. Rs.AAP | I£|Al Two-handled vessel. M. S.— 7ajel VII N. 30. 321. Br. 18.— Likewise, to the left. Rs. AAPI below. Two-handled vessel between caduceus 1. and ear of corn r.; grapes above. In the trade-——- /a/e/ VIE N: 31. Varieties Rev. num. 1844 Plate III 2-5; Cat. Brit. Mus. Troas etc. BER XVI 11. LESBOS Among the many types of lesbian hektai, one finds especially often heads of Dionysus, Pan, Silenus and Maenads. It Images of nymphs can therefore also be expected on these coins, and but most of them are probably not characterized as other deities- to hold the heads of women. Cat. Brit. ' 1.-B. Mon. Greece 275, 237 and 338. * T.-B. Z.£.N. XX Plate X 19 and 20.

112 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER Mus. Troas etc, plate XXI 5,17,18-21, XRXII 1,17, 18, 27005 (5-7 used to refer to Sapd4o), XXXIV 1-13. Of this below are some examples. 322. EnAR 324. 322. 320. El. 11.— Double head of the bearded Pan with a pointed ear to the right and a Panin (?) to the left. Back: head of a vy»nphe with a band to the right in a recessed qua- drat. Archaic. Munich. — Plate VII N. 32. El. 11.— Head of a mymph (?) with a crossed band and neck band from the front, tilted to the right. Back: Bull's head to the left in a recessed square. (Sometimes M above the bull's head). Brit. Mus. a. a.O. Plate XXXIH 19, 20.— Plate VII N. 33. El. 11.—Head of a vyrnphe with earring and collar to the right. Rev. Head of the juvenile horned Pan, right in line square and recessed square. Brit. Mus. ibid. Plate XXXIII 26.— 7a%l VII N. 34. El. 12.—Head of a Dioscurus (?) with a pointed wreathed cap between two stars to the right. Back: Head of a Vyrzphe with an earring on the right in a line square. Berlin. — 72/22 VIE "N. 35. El. 11.—Adolescent head with bandage to the right. Back: Head of a MympAhe with Stephane tied over the forehead and earring in line square. Munich. — Zafel VO N. 36. . El. 11.—Head of a Vyrphe with Sphendone, earrings and Collar on the right. Rs. Lyra in line square. Munich. — Zajel VII N. 36%. Similar on copper coins from Mytilene with Sphendone and Ke- kryphalos Cat. Brit. Mus. Plate XXXVIII 4-7.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES D'K3 MYTILENE 328 Bill. 11. — Head of a myrph with a crossed band to the left. Rev. |M]Y Lion's head with open jaws on the right in a recessed square. Berlin (m. S.).— Zajfel VII N. 36°. 329. P. 10.—Likewise, from the front, slightly inclined to the left. Rev. M|VTI Lion's head to the left in a recessed square. Berlin (m. S. Monn. gr. plate E 30), — 7ayel VII N. 37. 330. P. 15.— Head of Apollo with short hair and laurel to the right. Rs. MVTIAHYAOW. Head of a mymph with Sphendone left- out in a recessed square. Inv. Waddington plate III 7.— Zaj/e/ VII N. 38. 331. P. 12.— Likewise, with long hair. Rev. MYTI 1. Head of the Vyrnphe with band and earring to the right; behind it rose. M. S.— 7afel VII N. 39. The nymph's head on the coins of Mytilene represents the eponyme MvrtuANvn, which appears in full figure on coins from the time of Domitian and appears with the caption MVTIAENNA. ! BYVIRIRRA Here too, the head type can be interpreted as an eponym, Pyrra. 332. Br. 13.—Head of the /yrra with a bandage tied over the forehead to the left. Rev. MYPP over a standing billy goat on the left. In trade.— 7aj/e/ VII N. 40. ı 1.-B. Greek. Coins 110, 253 Plate VIII 18; see Drexler, Roschers Lex. II 3325, here Tatel X N. 9, 8

114 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER 333. Br. 12.— Likewise, with Sphendone, earring and collar on the left. Rs. Likewise, with TYPE. Brit. Mus. Cat. Plate XLII 5. PHEHIRISTLA The nymph-like heads of the Phocaean Hektai vary as those of the lesbians and are not significantly different from them. ! . 334. El. 11.—Head of the vymph with loose hair to the left; about it- the seal. Rs. Recessed quadripartite square. Brit. Mus. Cat. Ionia 211, 56 plate V 9.— 7ayel VII N. 41. 335. El. 11.— Head of the Vyrnphe with Cecryphalos and ear pendant on the left- there, including seal. Rs. Likewise. Munich. — 7afel VII N. 42. Kat Allier? Pax van. 336. Br. 14.—Likewise, with sphendone and earrings on the left. Back: head and neck of a griffin to the left. Brit. Mus. Ionia 216, 91 plate XXIII 6.— 7a VII N. 43. Cat. Allier plate XV 13. There were nymph types on Asian coins up to this point sparsely represented, they suddenly disappeared in pre-Roman times, demarcated, as it were, by the Gulf of Smyrnaean areas south of this. All their cities, which are from al- Those who had special landmarks stuck to them, says Kolo phon on Apollo's head, Chios on the Sphinx, Ephesus, Miletus, Samos, Knidos, Phaselis, Side etc. to their known types. Only on Rodos you occasionally come across the eponyms Rode or Rodos the Rodian Chersonese in Aszyra heads of a nymph,? in Zienna and 7arsos nymphal figures, on the Cilician satrap coins the so-called Arethusa head and in Äyrene the eponyms. I RataBrıt. Musslonia Tar IV 2uNE6r 7E9elı-1s: 2 Cat. Brit. Mus. Karia 61, 12th plate? X 7 and ®

NYMPHS AND CHARITES t%5 RICE 337. P. 12.— Head of Helios, without decoration, from the front, slightly to the right inclined towards. Rs. PO[A]I ! in the corners of a recessed square; in this one the head of the nymph Kode to the right, with an earring and a decorated with star-studded Cecryphalos. Berlin (m. p.).— Zajel VII N. 44. 338. Br. 11.—Head of Rode with Stephane, earring and collar to the right. Rs. P|O Rose; in the field 1. ivy leaf, r. cereal grain. Soutzo.— 7afel VII N. 45. See Cat. Brit. Mus. Caria 238, 74-117 plate XXXVI, 10-14. 339. G. 12.—Head also, with aureole. Rev. P|O Rose, above AIOTEN, right in the field dolphin. Pkr. Brit. Mus. Cat. Plate XXXIX 20.— Zajel VII N. 46. Vel. a.a.0..Table XL 19 and 20 in copper. The nymph, the wife of Helios, wears the aureole. ETENNA 340. Br. 19.—Two naked men rushing to the left, the one in front curved knife (sickle sword) in the raised right swinging. Pkr. Rs. ET|EN. Girl or mymph in long chiton on the right standing, turning his head back, with his fingers spread the right hand warding off the attack of a snake; on the left the water jug dropped from hands. Pkr. Berlin (m. p.)— Zajel VII N. 47. See L-B. Asia Minor. Coins 369-372 N.4-9 Plate XIII 3-7. ı Z,£.N. VII 28, 10 plate I 16 is A for I read; the second hasta of the alleged A However, this is due to damage in the stamp, so that the symbol, as expected was, | is to be read. See monthly report. d. Berl. Academy 1879, 333, 2 illustrations.

116 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER The types refer to an unknown local myth. They represent a girl or nymph drawing water is attacked by the guardian of the spring, a snake Schreck drops the mug and screams for help, which she gets from him brought by a pair of men rushing up. | The myth appears on Ethnic coins from the later imperial period repeatedly in a varied, very crudely executed representation to have found pressure. L-B. loc. cit. 371 plate XIII 9. AR 341.5. 22. — Sitting Athena on the left, the right on the spear, the Left leaning against the shield standing to the side; behind the Goddess tree trunk with leafy branch. Pkr. Back TEP£IKON 1. Crouching vymph with untied hair and loose binding ends to the left; she is dressed in a chi- clay, which allows the shapes of the upper body to shine through on the heel of the ]. foot, extend your right hand to play four astragals in front and holds the outer garment in the first arm; behind the nymph flower bush with flowers and four toothed leaves. Berlin (Löbbecke).— 7ajel VII N. 48. Berlin. L-B. Z£.N. VII 13; Furtwängler, collection Saburoff II, ADbzu Tas CE Sir H. Weber. Num. Chron. 1892, 207, 37 Plate XVI 17; is here the ankle player leaned forward. 342. P. 9 — Young male head to the right. Rev. The ankle player as above, with three astragals, without flowers menstock. Pkr. Berlin (m. p.).,— Monn. Grecques 365, 53 Fig. Wrongly, it seems to me, said Six, Num. Chron. 1884, 135 and 157, the playing girl Aphrodite. It poses without a doubt how Arne on the coins from Kierion plate IV 33 and V 13, a nymph This is also indicated by the one that not only comes to Aphrodite flower; for the abodes of the Naiads were flowery meadows and gardens.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 13.7 343. P. 21.— Head of a myr2phe with bandage, earrings and collar from the front, slightly tilted to the left; left /7sh. line circle. Rr. “Pharnabazo” in Aramaic script on the right. Head of the helmeted bearded Ares(?) with a robe on his neck to the left. Berlin (m. p.).— Zafel VII N. 49. See Inv. Waddington N. 4565 Plate XI 25, Macdonald, Mus. Hunter II 546, 5 plates LX 8, both with /%7sch on the obverse and KIAIKION on the Rs. Illustrations of similar staters from Pharnabazos and Datames, usually without fish as a symbol, can be found Six, Num. Chron. 1884 plates V 6, 8, Babelon, Achemenides plates IV 8-12, cat. Brit. Mus. Lycaonia etc. Plate XXIX 2-4, 9, 10. 344. P. 14.— Likewise, head without bandage, two ruffles on the right, true on the left. apparently one too. Rev. “Chilik’ in Aramaic script 1. The same head to the left. Sir H. Weber. — 7a/el VII N. 50. 345. P. 9.— Likewise, with fish on the right on the Vs, without writing on of Rs. Sir H. Weber. On replicas of Sicilian coin types in Greece and Asia Minor has already been mentioned repeatedly. Especially often The Arethusa type from Syracuse was used for this purpose! like this thessa Lian, Acarnanian and the Cilician described here, probably coins minted mostly in “Tarsos”? It can be assumed that the woman in question was in Cilicia head the interpretation of the Sicilian model as a nymph retained. This is evidenced by the fish, which are not dolphins, but sweet- represent aquatic fish, and also the nymph cult in Tarsos from the coins N. 341 and 342. Whether the Nyniphe also We don't know what the common source name was Arethusa. ® ı S. Plate IV N. 6 and 7; also the camarina type, plate II no. 31. ? See Cat. Brit. Mus. Lycaonia etc. Plate XXIX 6. 3 See E. Curtius, contribution to older coinage 1851, £234.

118 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER The head from the front also appears on the satraps' obols! and on the following of the city of Tarsus: 346. P. 12.—Head of the Vyrmphe with bandage and earrings from the front. Pkr. Back: Head of the Sadto goddess (Aphrodite?) with Stephanos, earring etc. Collar on the left. The Stephanos is with a palmette between decorated with two © and surmounted by three turrets.? In trade.— Za/l VI N.51. See 1-B}Möonn?gr. 365, 3 1ELar V 17383 ZEN Dr CYRENE 347. P. 23.—Silphium; one fruit of the plant on the left and right. Back: Hesperides tree with apples; on the left the standing vymph Cyrene, thought of as Hesperide, facing right, both hands in front stretching; right /Zeracles, bearded and the lion's skin over his head and back standing to the left, the left supported on the club. Recessed square. Paris— Taje! VII N. 52. L. Müller, Num. de l’Afrique I 11, 23 Fig. 348. P. 22.— Sitting Ayrene to the right, with her right hand towards one reaching out to the silphium plant standing in front of her, her left hand in lap; in the field 1. Silphium fruit. Back: Head of the bearded Zeus Ammon with a bandage to the right. Ver- deep square. Paris, Rev. num. 1885, 398, 5 plate XV 5.— 7ajel VII N. 53. 349. P. 21.— Sitting Ayrene with Stephanos on the left, with the right reaching for a silphium bush, his left hand in his lap. Rev. Front part of the Pegasus to the left. Pkr. Brit Mus. Num. Chr. 1886, 9 plate I 6.—7ajel VII N. 54. See Studniezka, Kyrene 1890, 20 f. Figs. 15-17. ZBabelon a. 2 02 1a8. IV 10V] E22 Br1t4 Mus7 ar, a OS Dar VARIETY 8: ° The same head, with the inscription TEPZIKON shows a silver stater, see above Sinope p. 106.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 119 350. P. 14.— Silphium. Rs. KY[P]A. Head of the mymph with bandage and collar on the right- there. Dotted and recessed square. Müller, Suppl. 8, 119 A Plate L— 7ajed VII N. 55. 351. P. 15.—Silphium, fruit of the plant on the left. Rs. KYPA 1. NA r. Head of the vymph with bandage, earring and Collar on the left. Pkr. Copenhagen, Müller I 42, 116.—Plate VII N. 56. As representations the Cyrene are certainly also the female ones Heads in profile and from the front on the numerous small gold coins zen, Müller I 25, 56-75 and 52, 213-220, as well as the on silver, Müller I 23, 43 and 44 and Num. Chron. 1885, 12, 3 Plate I 14 and on copper, Müller I 54, 231. 352. G. 8.— API 1. Head of the bearded Zeus Ammon to the right. Pkr. Rev. Head of Ayrene with earring to the left. Berlin. — 7ajell VO N. 57. 353. G. 8.— OlEY. Adolescent head with Ammon's horn on the left. Reverse head of Äyrene with earrings from the front, facing right tends. Pkr. Berlin. — 7ajel VII N. 58. The list of Oris nymphs ends with Cyrene Coins of the Hellenic and Hellenistic periods. Remained excluded the following Dacchian nymphs and the Nereids, furthermore a Sicilian depiction from the 4th century BC. BC, which was at the Cataloging of the nymph groups will find mention, and the types that are considered disinterested or questionable should not be taken into account were, or which may have been overlooked.

2. BACCHIAN NYMPHS The oldest depictions of nymphs on coins (6th and 5th centuries) dert v. BC) concern Dacchian nymphs and tribes from Zhrako- Macedonian areas. They are limited to those too Scenes of seduction and kidnapping popular with vase painters aggressive mostly Szlene,! less often the aentaurs related to them appear nen; the vymphs are sometimes, like the ordinary naiads, as Goddesses of rural life and vegetation characterized by at- tribute like flower or wreath. From the large number of these groups,? in which Silene sometimes cajoles and persuades, sometimes Persecution and violence play a role, are the following variants to highlight: IRB 354. 5. 20.— Standing bearded Silenus with horse ears and horse feet to the right, with the right hand the r. Wrist of a nymph resigning, stroking her chin with her left hand. The NVympAe, in short-sleeved Chiton to the right striding out, turns the Head towards the Silenus, holding an aranium in his lowered right hand and raises his left hand defensively. Berlin (m. S.).— Za/el VOII N.1. ' Although I.-B. Monnaies grecgues 80 f. pointed out that it is here is exclusively a silent type (see also Roschers Lexikon II 2259 f. Fig. 2), It is generally continued that these nymph-lovers, in spite of themselves, do not belong to the satyrs. menden equipment with ears, tail and hooves of the horse, incorrectly called satyrs. ? See Zete: de Luynes, Choix Plate IX 5-7; Cat. Brit. Mus. Macedon 77., Description d. ans. Coins, Berlin II, £91. Plate IV; the ant. Coins of Northern Greece III (forthcoming understood) Tat 2X IV16-332x U 127 Orreskiot, Zaieleis and others: Brit. Mus. a.a. ©. £147. Berlin a.a. 0.75 plate IV 33, 91 plate IV 35, 105, 1-6 plates. V 46: N. Gr. III Taf, XV 8.9, XXV o-I XXVII 43. 7hasos: Brit. Mus. Thrace 216f., 241 ; Berlin a.a. O. 96f. N. 30-63 Plate IV 38.39: Bergaios: Berlin ibid. I 336; Brit. Mus. ibid PS Ile ” This and the following coins up to N. 367 show a recessed square on the reverse.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 121 355. P. 23.— Likewise, the nymph with earring and bracelet decorates; left ..NIAS|T(?) and two balls in the field. Paris.—7afe! VIII N. 2. | 356. P. 19.— Same as No. 1; Only the r is from Silenus. Poor visible, the hopping nymph bends the Il. Arm down. Three in the field balls. Berlin. — Zajfel VIII N. 3. 357. P. 22.—Standing ithyphallic bearded figure with a horse's tail and horse feet to the right, the right on the tail, the left demonstrated; Opposite him on the left is the Nymph in short-sleeved chiton, her rights raised, in the lowered left Aranz. Ball between both. Petersburg. — 7aj/e! VOII N. 4. 358. P. 20.— Likewise, the nymph holds a flower in her left hand; between her and Silen Kugel. Berlin (m. S.).-- Zafel VOII N. 5 359. P. 21.— Likewise, the nymph with dome in her right hand and Wreath in the left. Bullet. Paris (de Luynes).— Zajel VIII N. 6. 360. P. 19.— Likewise, Silenus raises his right hand and leads with it On the left the nymph's right hand on the phallus; the Nymph without attributes, two balls in the field. Berlin. — Zajfe/ VIII N. 7. 361. P. 20.—The tailed ithyphallic SiZen jumps to the right after the fleeing vymph, who turns her head back; Both swing the r. Arm behind and raise the left one. Bibl. Turin. — Zajel VOI N. 8.

r22 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER YOUR TEA EGG OH 362. 5/20—WNM2HAO 1. Bearded Aentaur with horse's ear, on which r. Front leg kneeling and holding a vymph with both arms tearing oneself apart; this one, with earring and short-sleeved chiton, raises the right and lowers the left. Berlin. — Zafe VOII N. 9. The same depiction can be found on silver staters from Zeze, the Zaieleis and some undetermined Thraco-Macedonian peoples and Dynasts, see p. 120, note 2. On one of these pieces is the Meadow from which the centaur Nymph fetches, through a sprouting send flower designated.! The drawing of these groups differs significantly from that of one very old electron stater, whose embossing, despite the type, without two Fel Asia Minor, not Thracian. 363. El. 20.—Aentaur striding to the right, head and chest of one turning to Vyrnpre, who he holds in his arms and who clings to the centaur's neck. The na- The tips of the two touch each other. Brit. Mus. Cat. Ionia 9, 42 plate II 3; here 72% VIII N. 10. MORASOS 364. P. 20.— Ithyphallic bearded figure with horse hooves to the right, on the r. Kneeling with one leg in his arms returned holding Myrmph, the one with the short-sleeved chiton dressed, raising the right hand and lowering the left. Berlin (m. S.).,— Zajel VOII N. 11. 365. P. 25.— Likewise, Silenus is bald, with human-shaped heads Füssen, the nymph with clasps on her wrists. In Fields on the right X(?). Paris.— 7ajel VOII N. 12. I Cat. Brit. Mus. Mac. 148.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 128 366. P. 24.— Likewise, Silenus, bald-headed with horse's ear and horse- detail, is no longer represented as ithyphallic; the Nynı phe, with a tie in his hair, stretches out his right hand so that the Hand appears behind the Silenus head. In the field on the right A, ' AIQ in small font at the top. Paris (de Luynes).— Zafel VIII N. 13. 367. P. 17.— Likewise, Silenus, wreathed with ivy, is from the front shown, head to the right. Without writing. M. S.— 7ajel VIII N. 14. A repetition of the last representation can be found on the Drachmas of the dynast Dergaros, with the inscription BEPFAIOY around the square of the Rs.’ On simultaneous small sections of Stater N. 336 and the Drachma N. 367 appear as types of the Vs. the head of Silenus and that of the nymph. 368. P. 8.— Head of the vymph with bandage to the left. Rev. ©A under dolphin on the left. M. S.— 7ajel VIII N. 15. In the inscription AINQ of the Stater N. 366 a Vyrn- phenname, Nwvn or, if the initial letter is not completely secure should turn out to be B, Bıw should be suspected. INDEFINITE MACEDONIAN CITY 369. P. 24.—Two archaic /VyrpAen facing each other style, with a bandage, earring and long chiton, heads over the opening of an amphora, which she holds with both hands to hold up; Traces of writing at the bottom left, rosette on the right Counterstamp. Rev. Four-part, recessed square. s Brit. Museum. Cat. Macedon 135, 1 illustration— Zafel VIII N. 16. The ant. Coins of Northern Greece III Plate XXVI 7. ! Other pieces of good style are marked ©, A or ®. These initials are not, how people have tried to refer to place names. ? Description of the ant. Coins in Berlin I 336; Cat. Brit. Mus. Thrace 205, 1.

124 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER THE RNERS IS ZAST 370. P. 15.—Head of Apollo with long hair and laurel, left- there. Pkr. Rs. ZYPAKezlel |, $ i. F.' Dancing Mainade with raised Head and flying hair to the left. She is clothed with that belted double chiton and one through the movement the head bloated and fluttering on both sides veil, in her outstretched right hand she holds a worn wrapped Role with dots (suggestion of writing) and in On the lowered left a laurel branch with tänia. Lkr. Head, coin. of Syracuse 72.8 Plate XIII 9; Cat. Brit. Mus. Sicily 224, 662. Holm, Ges. Sicily 700, 500. Hill, Coins of anc. Sicily 197 plate XIV 3. Berlin (m. S.).— Zajel VOII N. 17. The female figure of this in the years 214-212 BC. 2000 BC th coin has been discussed many times. First she pointed to Neumann for a Dazche, then Cavedoni? and A de Longperier* on the del- phical Pyzhia, Friedlander? (questionably) on a statue of Artemis, finally- Lich Holm and Hill on the 7yche of the city. Of all these Germans . The first one seems to be the right one. Because the whole thing Pose of the figure, the head thrown back with the head loosened Hair and the garment that flutters up through rapid movement clearly draw the mainade, whose attributes are laurel branch and scroll or diptych the desired explanation through the symbols of a Find a silver bowl, the Stephani, “the snake feeding of the orphi- schen Mysteries’ 1893 p. 16f. made known The Zordeer was just as closely connected with the Bakchian cult as with that of the ' Other copies show A, E or K in the field. * Numt, vet. 1507 Talzir 7 3 Spic. 30. * Oeuvres III £409. Fig. 5 Arch. Period. 1869, 99 plates 23, 10.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 125 Apollo, and one of the holy scriptures can be seen in the diptych. in the Orphic Mysteries during the execution of the cult actions played an outstanding role. MBIFTERIA 371. P. 24.— ABAHPITERN r. Sitting griffin to the left, the r. pre- the paw uplifting. Rs.EMI MOA r. MATOPEN 1. Dancing girl in a short time Chiton and basket-like head attachment to the left, the right one raised bend, the left hand on the hip. Recessed square. Brit. Museum. — 7 panel VIII N. 18. Cat. Thrace 70, 35. Berlin ZEN, XV 6 Tat 1/10; Description of the ant. Coins I 106, 3 Act IV, 38. Another example shows the dancer on the right, Millingen, Syll. 30 plate II 13; here 7a/e2 VIII N. 19 Alluding to his name, Melpagoras left on his coins represent the MoAnr. Since these coins date from the 5th century B.C. BC is the assumption that the song is simply personified and dance not exactly likely. It would be more obvious that German tung on the /zanzende marinade Molpe, known from the picture of a Chalcidian vase.! With a similar headdress as the dancer From Abdera the mainades (?) of a coin of the colony appear Patrae.? The term “backchian nymphs” for the species used below drawn heads is based solely on the way they are garlanded, Vine leaves and grapes. Neither head posture nor flying Hair, nor Thyrsos stamps them, except for the two small- Asian types plate VIII N. 35 and 36, at Mainaden. It is certain They are preferable, like the nymphs wreathed with ears of corn, to vegetables To understand tation spirits, see above Meliboia p. 65. ! Roulez, Choix de vases peints plate 5; Heydemann, Satyr and Bacchae names 1880, 28. ? Imhoof and Gardner, Comm. on Pausanias 97, 7 plate Q© 16.

126 F., IMHOOF-BLUMER MACEDONIS 372. P. 14.—Head of a vyrnphe with vine leaves and grapes, ear- hung and collar on the right. Rs. MAKE|AONNN over the ship's prora to the right. Brit Mus.—7ajel VIII N. 20. Varieties of this tetrobolone, coined under Perseus, by Gaebler, the ant. Coins of Northern Greece III Plate I 10-13. EUIRSEAgtTiiessalien) 373. Br. 22.—Head of a myrma from the front, tilted to the left, in the hair Vine leaves and three grapes, earrings in grape shape and Collar. Pkr. | Rs. EYPEAI|QN. Bunch of grapes with branch, leaves and tendrils. In the field A. Paris. Rev, num!1895, 22119 Lar Var. Brit. Mus. Num. Chron. 1896. 88, 5 Plate VII 3; here 7aje/ VIII 221. EURYMENAI 374. Br. 21.— Head of a myrnfhe wreathed with vine leaves and grapes to the right. Pkr. Rs. EYPYMENAIQN. Vine between a two-handled Vessels 1. and dolphin r. Paris. Rev. num. 1843, 244, 323, 413 plate x 1.2; here Zajel VYILI2N#22. MELIBOIA 375. Br. 13.—Head similar to that of Eurea. Rs. MEAIBOE. Branch with two grapes and leaves. Brit. Mus. Num. Chron. 1895, 94, 8° plate V 7; here Zajel VIII Nope On other coins from Meliboia p. 65 there is a nymph head with reed wreath in front.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 27 DOSRSRZAKEERTON 376. P. 16.— Head of a mymph with four grapes in its hair, net, O-earring and collar to the right; behind >. Rev. Striding Pegasus with inwardly curved wings to the right; between the legs A, right in the field >. Berlin (m. p.). L-B. Greek. Coins 26, 74 plate II 15.— plate VOII N. 24. LEUKAS 377. P. 16.—Head as well, between 3 and A. Rev. A. Flying Pegasus with pointed wings to the right. But Mus L-Br2.20. 27.82 plate 11719, 378. P. 12.— Head of the mymph with sphendone, earrings in wedding benform and collar to the right; behind 3. Rev. A. Front part of the Pegasus with inwardly curved wings to the left. f Berlin (m. p.). L-B. loc. cit. 27, 83 plate II 20.— Zajel VIII N. 25. Despite the different wing designs on Pegasos, both Coins (drachma and hemidrachm of the Corinthian system) early coinage depicting the same nymph. Because of the Due to the smallness of the hemidrachm, the vine wreath fell away and became replaced by the teardrop on the ear. The following drachma seems to belong here: 379. P. 18.— A|& head of the nymph with curly hairstyle, earrings in Grape shape and necklace from the front, tilted slightly to the left. Rev. A, Flying Pegasus to the left. Athens. — Zafel VOII N. 26.

128 380. 381. F. IMHOOF-BLUMER H'RS-'TFATA P. 20.— Head of the Cistiara with four grapes in its hair, sphene done, earrings and collar to the right. Rev. I)ETI below, WN3lA 1. Zistiaia right on the back parts of a ship sitting, the left hand on the one with a transverse Lay the pole-equipped mast with your right hand on the edge supporting the fuselage decorated with a wing. She carries a transparent chiton that runs over the r. shoulder and chest slipped, the outer garment over the knees, arm braces on the wrists’ and a collar. Behind the nymph the inscription IETIAIA. Paris—Rs. 7plate VIII N. 27. Cat. Photiades Plate III 484; Rev. num. 1865 plate VII 10; Because ZN. 1873, 186 illustrations; Babelon, M&m. you congr. num. Bru- xelles/2 128 Farev Hrcs P. 16.— Head of the ZZistiara to the right, with four grapes in the Hair, net, grape earrings and necklace. Rs. IETIAI r. EQN 1. ZZisziaia (without bracers) and ship like on N. 380, behind the nymph Grape. Brit. Mus. Cat. 127, 24 plates XXIV 6.— 7ajel VIII N. 28. 5. 14.— Head of Aistiaia wreathed with vine leaves and grapes, without net, and with earrings and collar on the right. Rs. I£TI r., AIEQN 1. Zistiara as well, but with 7%yrsos in the right; under the ships Trident and M. Brit. Mus. Cat. 129, 48 plate XXIV 10. 5.17 Ehense Rev. IZTI 1. A. Bull standing to the right in front of a vine; in Fields r. Torch. Berlin (m. S.).— Vs. 7afl VIII N. 29. Brit Mus. Cat Ta£ XXIV2.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 129 The numerous remaining coins from Histiaia in silver and copper fer show no significant varieties of either the head or the Figure of the nymph, see cat. Brit. Mus. £125. 1-138 plates XXIV 1-17. The Bacchic character of the Histiaia is clearly expressed by the wreath and the 7%yrsos on N. 382. ABOVE LH 0:S 384. 5. 12.— A|P. Head of a NympAe to the left, with grapes and Leaves wreathed and earrings and necklace decorated. Rev. 9, front part of the Pegasus liukshin. Berlin (m. S.).— 7a/e VIII N. 30. GERIDNET.H.O.S 385. P. 14.— Head of a nymph with vine leaves, earring and neck band to the right. Rev. IA above the hollow of the crescent moon; below trident. Brit. Mus. Cat. Pelop. 99, 60 plates XX 11. BDO NIEA 386. P. 26.— Head of a Vyr»phe with vine leaves and grapes in her hair, Earring and collar on the right; behind it in small font NEYANTO= | ENoElI, Rs. KYAQN r. Naked archer to the left, the bowstring over grazing one end of the bow. Berlin (m. S.)— Za/el VIII N. 31. Cat. Brit. Mus. Crete 28, 1-4 plates VII1u 2. Brit. Mus. Num. Chron. 1894 9.9 Plate I 8. Svoronos, Num. de la Crete I 100 f. 3-13, plates IX 3-5. 387. P. 25.— Head also, without collar, to the left. Rs. Likewise. Berlin. — 7afel VIII N. 32. Svoronos a.a.0, 102, 23f. Plate 15-18.

130 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER The shape and hairstyle of the last head otherwise maintain that of the youthful to be Dionysus; but contradict the interpretation of this the earrings and the wreath, which for Dionysus were on all well-known coins are made of ivy. The picture perhaps represents the dio- Nysian Ariadne, a nature and wine goddess, the Nonnus, Dionysus. 33, 374 and 44, 298 Kvöwvaim "Aoıdövwn and Kvöwvıas vuugn calls. 388. 389. 39. SAL The following beautiful piece belongs here. P. 25.— Head of the vymph to the left, with vine leaves and berries wreathed. Rs. KYAQN i.A. Cretan bitch on the left side, nursing a child. Mus. Hunter. — 7ajel VOII N. 33. LAMPSAKOS G. 18.—Head of a mymph facing left, with three grapes and three leaves in the hair, sphendone, earrings and necklace. Rev. Front part of a winged horse on the right in recessed square. Berlin (m. S.).— Zajel VIII N. 34. Inv. Waddington N. 863 Plate II 7. Agnes Baldwin, Journal. intern. de num. V 20, 26 plate III 7-9. Gr. 17.—Likewise, with ivy wreath, earrings and collar. A. Baldwin a.a.O. 20, 27 plate III 10. G. 18.—Head of a maenad with flying hair, ivy wreath, Braided ribbon, earrings and collar on the left. Paris (de Luynes).— Zajel VIII N. 35. Brit. Mus. Cat. Mysia 81, 29 plate XIX 7. Inv. Waddington N. 862 Plate Il 6. A. Baldwin op. cit. 19, 25 plate III 4-6.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 131 LESBOS 392. El. 11.— Bust portrait of a maenad storming forward to the right, with sphendone around the flying hair, earring and robe over the left breast. Rs. Flaming Torch in one line square. Deepened square. M. S.— 7ajel VIII N. 36. Brit. Mus. Cat. Troas etc. 168, 122 plate XXXIV 30. The torch is one of the attributes of the maenads. Compare the vase picture Roschers' Lexicon II 2267 Fig. 6, where a maenad with a similar Head position like the torch is swinging on our coin image. 393. El. 11.—Head of a mymph facing left, with a broad band, wine- leaves and grapes, earring and necklace. Rev. Striding lion in a line square. Recessed square. Beau 22.0,152.07/ Tar ZX&IUl 10.72 NIT N. 37.

3. NEREID The nymphs of the sea are on coins only through their two most outstanding, Amphitrite and Thetis, and furthermore, in Roman times, represented by Leukothea. The nymph Scylla is not shown here because she only appears visually as the transformed monster. AIMEFSTIIETERSIEISR, 394. G. 17.—Head of Poseidon with tania to the right; over the r. Trident shoulder, dolphin below. Pkr. Rev. BPETTINN below. Amphitrite in a girded chiton, cloak and veil to the left on a hip floating to the right pocampen sitting and the right hand to the back of the Zros laying, which stands over a curve of the seahorse's tail and shoots an arrow to the left. Star in the field on the right. Pkr. Vienna. —7ajel VOII N. 38. Numerous illustrations of varieties of this and the following ones both coins from Carelli, Garrucci, Sambon and others. A different interpretation of the last image than that on Amphitrite, by Eros being given to Poseidon as his wife seems out of the question. In a different design, i.e. h. Amphitrite only with his head, Poseidon On the other hand, in full figure, the pair of gods returns at the same time Brettish silver coins again. 395. P. 21.—Head of the Ampkitrite with Stephane, earrings, collar and veil on the right; dolphin in the back. Pkr. Rs. BPETTIQN r. Standing naked Poseidon on the left, the right. foot supported on a column capital, the r. Arm placed over the knee, the left on the scepter. Changing symbol in the field on the left, here Eagle on herald's staff; behind the first foot of the god F. Pkr. M. S.—7plate VIII N. 39.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES N) Like Hera, the sea queen also has ruler attributes. bute, Stephane and Scepter, too; she also appears with crab claws as a headdress,' and on the following coin with the whole Shell of a crab. 396. Br. 17.—Head of the Amphitrite to the left, with the shell of one crab covered; queue at the back. Rev. BPETT above, TIQN below. Crab. M. S.— Zafel VOII N. 40. EXISTENCE 397. Br. 19%. — Young head of Achilles(?) to the left. Pkr. Rr. AAPI below. Tetis sitting left on a hippocampus, on l. Arm shield with the monogram X. Formerly Sig. Photiades. — 7ajel VIII N. 41. Berlin. Arch. Zeitung 1869, 100 plates XXIII 15. Brit. Mus. Cat. Thessaly 33, 1 plate VII 1. Th. Reinach in “Corolla num.’ 1906 plate XIII 7. Like other coinages of the Phthiotic Achaeans, those of Halos, Thebai and Peumata, also bear their tribal symbol x on the coins by Larisa Kremaste. On the shield of Thetis the mono- gram can also be referred to the hero Achilleus, the Thetis the weapon carries. 398. P. 25.— Head of Achilles with helmet to the left. Pkr. Rev. BAZINENE above, MYPPOY below. Tretis, equal to her sister ter Amphitrite on N. 394, without Eros; with the right she holds the one decorated with the Gorgoneion Sign in front on his knees. Berlin (m. S.).— Zafel VIII N. 42. Brit. Mus. Cat. Thessaly etc. 111.8 plate XX 11. ! Roschers' Lexicon of Myth. I 321.

134 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER 399. El. 18.— Thetis in a girded chiton sits on a dolphin on her left. Zend, wreath in the right, on the left. Poor schzld with a star decorated. Including tuna. Rs. Recessed quadripartite square. Electron stater from Kyzikos. Paris.—7aje! VIII N. 43. Greenwell, Electrum coinage of Cyzicus 72, 48 plate II 26. Brit. Mus. Cat. Mysia 27, 69 plate VI 15. 400. G. 15.— Thetis with a naked upper body to the left on one Sitting on a dolphin swimming to the right, the right hand on one A pair of Knemids leaning on their knees, with a shield on the first arm. Rs. Front part of a hippocampus to the right. Recessed square. Gold stater from Lampsakos. Paris.—Zajel VIII N. 44. ; Agn. Baldwin, Journ. internat. de num. V (1902) 10.3 plate 15. DRUROTPEIEN 401. Br. 25.— ANTONINVS AVG PIVS. Head of Pius with laurel to the right. -. Rs. CLI 1, COR r. Zeukothea in the double chiton is to the right moving, head to the left, over this with both hands xonösuvov swinging; at the feet on the right hippocampus on the left. Vienna. — 7 panel VIII N. 45. Berlin (m. S.) L-B. Mon. gr. 159, 15 plate II 50; Num. Com- ment. on Pausanias 12.2 plate B 18. On the coins of the Colonie Corinth you can find various depictions Ino's positions with Melikertes in her arms move away from the molu- rocks falling into the sea. After this fall, Ino was as Leukothea included among the Nereids, and as such, not as Ino,' and as the protective goddess of troubled sailors, e.g. B. Odysseus, she appears on our coin with her waiting seahorses. ' 1.-B. Mon. gr. 159 ff.

II NYMPH PICTURES IN GREEK COINS THE ROMAN TIME.

Below are directories are the ones with names known Nymphs preceded in alphabetical order; follow them 2. spring nymphs, 3. mountain nymphs, 4. Bacchian nymphs and 5. the Groups of nymphs.

ADRADSTELA Among the nymphs to whom the care of the child Zeus was attributed A representation can be found on coins from Asia Minor with the sphere as an attribute. This nymph is, as was the case in 2000. Arch. Inst. III 1888, 290 was shown, Adrasteia, reported from is that they are given an artistic play/to play with as children. gave.! 402. Br. 31.— IOYAIA 1., MAMAIA CEB r. Bust to the right. Rs. MAFTNHTQN: 1, "NENKOPNN: THC-r. below, in the field l. APTE ]., MIAOC- r. Standing Adrasteia-in chiton and coat to the left, in the raised right hand, on the first arm naked child Zeus. M.S. Kleinas. Coins 81, 34 plate III 6; here Ta/d IX N. 1. The same type is shown in another coin from Jonz's magnetic sta with Pius, L-B. Greek. Coins 119, 310, on which the child is not was clearly visible. 403. Br. 45.— AVK MAVAN ]., TNNEINOC r. Bust of the bearded toward Caracalla with laurel and cloak to the right. Rs. AAOA|IKE 1., AN r., 1. A. NENKOPAN|TTIH. Adrastera with Child Zeus on the 1st arm walking to the right, his head closed turning back and with the raised right hand the bloated one Protective coat over himself and holding the child; the 1st foot puts her on the toy, the eye. Left and right and over Three armed and helmeted Aorybants dance to the nymph, striking the shields with the swords; on the ground left and on the right one of the seated river gods Aapros and Zykos and, on the left, the Genzus of the city, the left, standing to the right at the rudder. Above right in the air eagle. Bibl. Marciana in Venice. L.-B. Yearbook III 290, 2 plates 9, 19; here Zafl IX N. 2. See Mionnet IV 330, 782. ' Apollonius v. Rod. III 333 ff.; Pauly - Wissowa Real Enc. I 407.

138 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER Another coin from Zaodikera with Caracalla that I know of casts from the British Museum (cat. Northwick N. 1232) and the collection Lung Löbbecke shows, in addition to Adrasteia and the three Kory- Banten instead of three supporting characters five or six. Since the London one copy retouched,' the other one is not clearly preserved, so under- I leave the more detailed description of the piece. If in this and that following depictions of the nymph surrounded by the Corybants (Tralleis, Apamea and Akmonia) the sphere is missing, so this can, there The Phrygian birth myth of Zeus certainly occurred in the places mentioned did not vary, there was nothing to do with the interpretation of the nymph on Adrasteia change, even if, as on one of the coins of Apamea (N. 407), the goat Amaltheia is attached to the nymph. Because after Callimachus also associated Adrasteia with caring for the child Zeus its nutrition from the goat.’ 404. Br. 40.— AVTT MKVINT 1, TPAIAN AEKlIOC CEB r. Bust portrait of the emperor with laurel and mantle to the right. Rs. A|ITT 1, A|ME r, i.F. Q|N, i. A. ETT CTPATONI| KIANOV. Adrasteia (without sphere) and the three Korybants as on N. 403. In trade. 405. Br. 40.— Likewise, with ATIA 1, M.E above, AN r, i. A. [ENT C]TPATON | [IKIAN] OV. Paris. Mionnet IV 238, 268. P. Seguin, Num. mod. max. ex cim. Lud. XIV Plate 29, 8. Müller-Wieseler, Denkm. d. ancient art II plate III 33. 406. Br. 44.— AVT KAIC AIK OVANEPIANOC CEBACTOC. Bust portrait of the emperor with radiant crown and mantle to the right (after Mionnet's description). Rs. TTAP[A]JEPM|OV IT 1, ANHT|VPIAPXOV r., ATTAMEQN i. A Namely group. Bars ' Depicted Ramsay, Cities and bishoprics of Phrygia I? 433 plate 13. ? See Overbeck, Zeus 322.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 139 407. Br. 44.—— Likewise, with TIAPA : AVP: EPMOV ]., TIANHFVPIAPXOV r., ATTAME®N ii. A., goat standing to the left of the nymph to the left, turning his head back and raising it. Paris. Mionnet IV 239, 270, supposedly with a dog. Overbeck, Zeus 336, coin tray. V N. 6, Müller-Wieseler a.a.O. 3. Edit. 16 plate III 33. Ranısay, Cities and bishoprics of Phrygia I? 432 plate 15. The one given in the illustrations by Overbeck and Wieseler Ball above Adrasteia's head represents, as on other coins, represents the head of the third Korybant. 408. Br. 42.— AVT K'M-ANT ]., 2'FOPAIANOC: Bust of the Kai sers with ray crown, carapace and aegis to the right, in the Left shouldered spear. Rs. AIK 1, M|O r., NAME 1. A. Same group without goat. Paris. Muret. Rev. num. 1883, 66, 8 plate II 8. Babelon, Rev. num. 1891, 38 plate IV 4; here plate IX N. 4. Similarly, with Trebonius Gallus, Mionnet IV 204, 51; Cat. Brit. Mus. Phrygia 20, 101 Plate IV 4. 409. Br. 37.— TI Al KAICAP 1, ANTNNEINOC r. Bust of Pius with laurel and mantle to the right. Rs. EITI TIOTTAIOV TP 1, AM'TPANIANNN (see above) r. Seated /Vyrz- Pphe from the front, head to the left, the child Zeus in the first arm, with the Right the bloated Peplos protectively over himself and that Holding child. On the left at the feet of the eagle standing from the front, head to the right, flapping its wings. On both sides and behind the nymph has three dancing helmeted Aorybants, with the Swords striking the shields held aloft. Berlin (m. S.) 1.-B. Lydian city coins 177, 35 plate VII 15; here plate IX N. 3. See Mionnet Suppl. VII 472, 722.

140 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER With the depictions of Adrasteia on the Phrygian coins the following agrees with a Nicaean. 410. Br. 29. — IOVNIA TIIA 1, AYFTOVCTA r. Bust portrait the Julia Domna with diadem on the right. Back NIKA 1, IEQN r. Standing VympAhe to the right, head with hair turned back with flowing hair; in l. Arm holds her on the collected Child Zeus kneels, that is, to the right back- looking, clinging to the nymph's arm and chest, lifting in of the raised right, protecting the exaggerated Pe- plos and places the first foot on a stone or a ball. Berlin (m. S.) L-B. Greek. Coins 79, 129 plate VI 9; here Tara EN As the wet nurse of Dionysus, who was a child in the cradle in Nicaean Coins often occur,' The nymph is certainly impossible to grasp; also not as the nymph Nicaea, whose relationship with Dionysus we will see later get to know. The moving posture in our pictures comes further nor to Nysa; Rather, it is explained by the Zeus myth thos. Since the Nicene representation of the nymph is identical to the central figure of the z. T. simultaneous coins zen of Akmonia, Apamea, Laodikeia and Tralleis, this is also allowed here an image of the Adrastera can be assumed. Zeus was born in Nicaea much- venerated by specialists and with various epithets,’ and that’s not how it is It is surprising that he, like Dionysus, was worshiped there as a child was presented; on coins of Magnesia on the meander hits not only Zeus and Dionysus, but also Apollo and Artemis as children.' ' 1.-B. Yearbook III 288, 7-9; Greek. Coins S$. 78 ° In the transfer of the Zeus legends to the childhood of Dionysus, the Kory- banished the lonely screaming child of Dionysus until he fetched Zermes and brought him to the nymphs. See Heydemann, Dionysus' Birth and Childhood, Halle 1885 p. £54. ° On coins as 'Ayogaiog, Aıtaiog (Aıdaiog in inscription B. d. C. h. XXIV 389) and MnAuog, the latter, however, is not secured. * 1.-B. Kleinas. Coins 81 f.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 141 411. Br. 40.— AVT KAI'M AVP A 1, NTNNEINOC CEB r. Bust portrait of the bearded Caracalla with laurel, armor and cloak to the right. Rs. ANOAIKE| 'DN- 1. A, NENK 1., OPAN r. Left one on one hill more sedentary teenager Derggoft (Kadmus?) with naked upper body from the front, the r. Arm raised over head strike, with the left hand embracing the trunk of a Dawmes, next to which a /Zuss (Kadmos or Lykos?) arises, first steeply downwards and then flowing to the left. On the banks of the river ses clothed woman (AAea) kneeling on the left and with both Hands holding the child Zeus up. Behind this one second woman (Adrasteia) with a fluttering robe and presented outstretched arms to the left, rushing over to hold the child to take care. Berlin (Köx)2L-B. Yearbook 111/289 12 act. 9, 18; here’ Za/el IX N. 6. The explanation of this side piece to the picture of Laodicea No. 403 is given in the yearbook ibid. See Ramsay, Cities and bishoprics of Phrygia I? 432f. Plate I 4. SENLACD PARTS TER 412. Br. 31.— AVTOKPATNP AVT TPAIANOC TEP AAKI. Bust portrait the emperor with laurel on the left; over the 1st shoulder robe. Rs. KOINON 1., KPHTQN r. Standing Arzalthera with Thurnikrone, Chiton and outer garment on the right, the right on the chest, on the l. Poor the child of Zeus; at feet r. Eagle, 1st cornucopia. Paris. Ch. Lenormant, Gal. myth. 21 plate IV 14; Svoronos, Mon. de Crete 346, 74 plate XXXIV 12; Overbeck, Zeus 332, 15 Mary here /a/ ISIN. 413. Br. 18.— AV 'KAI'TPA' AAPIANOC CEBA. Head of the Emperor with laurel to the right. Backs. Likewise, without eagle nor cornucopia. Berlin (m. p.). Svoronos a.a.O. 352, 110 plate XXXV 21.

142 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER Another picture from the Cretan birth saga of Zeus, also if from Traian's time (116/7 AD), it cannot be found on the following rare, often discussed and yet mysterious in their type permanent silver coin. 414. 5/20—IMP CAES NER TRAIAN OPTIM AVG GER DAC PART. Head of the emperor with laurel to the right. Rev. AIKTVNNA above, 'KPHT' i. A. MVyrnphe (Diktynna?) in Haar- Costume and clothing of the hunting Artemis on a rock sitting on the left, hunting spear in the right, on the left. Poor the child Zeus; There is a standing guard on each side as a protective guard the a Korybant to the left. Paris. Ch. Lenormant, Nouv. gal. myth. 21 plate V 15 Overbeck, Zeus 332 plate V 4 Müller-Wieseler, Denkm. d.a. K. 3. Arr. II 17 plate III 33°; Brit Mus’Kat Crete3, 215 neloRarsles: Svoronos a.a.0. 123.4 Plate XXXII 23 and 24; Berlin (m. p.). 7a/ IX N. 8. With that there Svorono's suggestions, the name AIKTVNNA here and on the copper coins ibid. 121, 1-3 not as to be interpreted as an inscription on the coin image, but rather as a city name. I don't like being friends. Above all, this assumption is contradicted by the fact that Traiau's time on Crete, apart from the xoıvöv, only Kydonia and Lappa coined, the only Cretan cities that Augustus had declared free.! It would therefore be difficult to explain how, at that time, a remote place, Of which no coins are known anyway, it is merely a sanctuary the Diktynna, could not claim importance as a city, and which the Greeks always called Awztövvaıov, not Alxtuvvvo,? to pre- BuUESN, and Eee to those in silver, could progress. ZT10o Casss51,r2. ° Only one Roman geographer, Pomponius Mela, calls the place Dictynna. Dictunis comes from Anon. Ravenn. before, the writings of which are known not to be authoritative. The ruins believed to be the Diktynnaion are specifically reported to have been built by City walls were still surrounded. Pashley, Travels in Crete II 291.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 143 But assuming that Aixtuvva is also the name of the goddess and If he had been in a city, he would have to be called S/adiname here because of the connotations writing KPHT(@v) raise concerns. Because. just the same name Cities used to provide such information about their geographical location to lead,'! and the distinction from a place of the same name there was no need for the Diktynnaion. So KPHT(@v) is probably lich for the xoıwov Kontwv, which was prevalent in Gortyna and Aydonia which latter place, in whose area the sanctuary was located, the dictum name coins must be minted. The copper mines also point to Kydonia coins with AIKTVNNA, the Svoronos of what he called City there and the one on the Rs. which is otherwise only on coins of the xoıvöv The inscription EYOHNIA CEBACTH from the time of Domitian lead; ? also the Korybant group on silver and copper xowvöv, and as we will see later, the name Aixtuvva safe federal coins. The bilingualism of our Sil- coin, the face of which can be confused with that of a Roman denarius is similar, does not speak for their imprint in a remote location Places, but rather for those in one of the island's capitals.' If Svoronos further finds the inscription AIKTVNNA next to the deer of the copper coins? almost force the approval of his proposal, “parceque jamais on m’appelle du nom de Diktynna le cerf m&me’, the objection can be raised that self-evident Obviously, it is not the deer that should be named here, but that the inscription of the goddess called Diktynna applies, whose Syr»do/ der deer was. The occurrence of names of gods next to symbols of gods is not a rare phenomenon in numismatics, e.g. B. €VMOCIA next to ! As a rule, this was done using a preposition £v, noög, Ind, xatd, Ent; often Meanwhile, the homonymous cities were content with their simple names. The shape KPHTEZ A=I, FOPTV u. IEPATIVTNIOI, a hundred years earlier in Cretan Coins occur and cannot be considered here for comparison. ? See Svoronos ibid. 121, 1-3 and 343, 53 and 54. EIA 9, 02336, 9 Ta X XXI 11, 342.48 and 343, 52. Plate XIXII 14. 4 There is no other example of bilingual silver coins from Nero's time for Crete completely secured, see Svoronos ibid. 339 f. 31-33 plates XXXII 26-28; I.-B. Greek. Coins 164 f. 465 - 467. EA 81 0.412415 173,. Act XI 1 2,

144 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER the cornucopia of Euposia! HPHZ next to the peacock,” ABHNAZ ANEIAZ (Tegea) and A. APEIAZ (Pergamon) next to the owl, A. NIKH$OPOY (Pergamon) next to Tropaion or Owl, ANOANNNOZ (Tauromenion) next to Dreifuss and (Apollonia Il.) next to Obelisk, NEIKH next to Tro- paion (Nysa), SEA TIICIAIKH (Kibyra) next to the basket of the goddess, DEANAI AVGVSTAI (Patrai, Nero) next to dog, quiver and bow * etc. If the majority of these names are in the genitive form, so this is irrelevant, since this form is also used in appendices to the Images of gods themselves often occur, e.g. B. AIOZ (Syracuse, Akragas), APEOZ (Mamertnier), KOPA=Z (Agathokles), APTEMIAOZ (Perga) etc. After what has been said, it now seems clear that as before AIKTVNNA as the name of those represented in the image or by their symbol, the goddess similar to Artemis, on copper of the Cretan schen xoıwöv from Domitian and Traian's time she appears as AIKTVNNA 2EBAZTH in the form of the hunting Artemis. Diktynna is accordingly not with one of the Nöugpaı Mektoı or Auxtataı Mektaı, which tree- “nymphs” were not companions of the hunting Artemis, tificate, but rather with Dritomartis Diktynna in their connection fusion with Artemis. But in what way the design of the Myth was going on, according to which Diktynna, the. otherwise as a daughter Zeus used to be considered, after abandoning this lineage legend took care of the child Zeus under the protection of the Korybants, The traditions are silent about this. There must be one of the contradictions here There are sayings that can be found in different versions Said often encountered. So we meet, like the coins N. 412-414 show, on Crete itself two different but simultaneous coins Pictures depicting the child Zeus, who was once in his arms the Amaltheia, probably minted in Gortyna, the other time that of the Artemis-like Diktynna between Korybants. l.-B. Lydian city coins 1081f., £128. ° I.-B. Monnaies grecques 301 f. I.-B. Kleinas. Coins 525, 3. I.-B. On Greek and Roman coinage 1908, 275 plates x 15. ° Svoronos a.a.O. 343, 55 plate XXXIII 17 and 344, 63 plate XXXIV 1. The Artemis type other coins of the xoıvöv VRALSSRXIII TH 13 XEXIYV 10, 15, XXXV 12, 22). can also be referred to Diktynna. * Svoronos a.a. O. 122. See Roscher's lexicon s.v. Melia, Melissa.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 145 415. Br. 20.—TIANAH 1, MOC ZEVC r. Head of Zeus Pandemos to the right. Rev. CVNNA 1, AENN r. Standing Amaltheia with tower crown to the right, the right hand on the Sceffer, on the 1st arm the one assigned to her turned child Zeus; Goat standing in front at the feet to the right Turning head up to the nymph. Paris. Ch. Lenormant, Nouv. gal. myth. 88 Plate XIV 17, where the Description Cybele with Atyskind and a dog or wolf reads. Berlin (m. S.).— Zafe IX N. 9. 416. Br. 28.— M OTIEA MAKP ANTNNEINOC AIAAOV K. Bust portrait of Diadumenianus with armor and mantle to the right. Rs. CVNN /A 1. AENN r. As well. M.S. Kleinas. Coins 296, 24 plate IX 18; here Ta// IX N. 10. 417. Br. 32. — AVT KAI TT AIK 1. TAAAHNOC (so) r, ClEB i F. Bust of the emperor with laurel, armor and cloak to the right. Rs. CVNNAAE |]. NN EM A r, PX|KEN|COV i. F Same Group (Amaltheia with Kalathos) based under one of Arch supported by two Corinthian columns. Berlin (m. p.). L.-B. Greek. Coins 225, 744%. 7: afel IX N.11. See a.a.0. N. 744° Plate XIII 4. The same group can be found on some other coins from Synnada, always unchanged in design; only as a head The goddess's jewelry alternates from time to time with the wall crown and kalathos. 418. Br. 24.— AYT KAIE T AIAIOE AAPI [ANTWNINOL EVE]. head of Pius to the right. Rs. [AAPIANWN] 1, AITEAIWN r., in the field on the left EMP (year 185), right MH|N. Standing Armaltheia in double chiton and peplos from the front, head to the right, in the r. Arm cornucopia, on the left the Zewus child facing her. In field 1. Head and neck one Goat to the right. University Bologna. L-B. Mon. grecques 349, 8.— 7afl IX N. 12. The goat can be both the city's coat of arms and the nurturer of the child Zeus. 10

146 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER 419. Br. 26.—IM C M AVR AN 1, TONINVS AVG r. Bust portrait of Elagabalus with laurel, armor and cloak r. Rs. COL AVR PIA 1, METRO SID r. Standing Amaltheia in Double Pelchiton and Peplos from the front, head on the left, the right on Back of a goat standing in front of her to the left, on the 1st arm the naked Zeus child from the front. In the field 1st Astarte chariot (city landmark). Löbbecke.— 7a/d IX N. 13. Paris. Mionnet V 387, 343; Babelon, Achemenides 264, 1818. Rouvier, Journ. intern. de num. V 270, 1539 plate X 9. This Sidonian coin image does not seem to have been recognized until now to be. The Astartewagen, which is called, has no connection to him Type or symbol often appears on the Sidonian coins. AMYMONE 420. Br. 23.— [AVT ANTWNEI] l.. NOC EVCEBHC r. Head of Pius with laurel to the right. Rev. APFEIW[N) Zoserdon in a long chiton and fluttering man- tel striding to the right, in the left the shouldered one Trident, the right hand stretched out towards the fleeing Azymone, who appears to be holding a branch or reed in her right hand. Berlin (m. p.). 1.-B. Mon. grecques 175, 104 plate II 66; over beck, Poseidon 390, 20 plate VI 32; Imhoof and Gardner, Num. conım. on Pausanias, Lerna plate M 2; here plate IX N. 14. A glass paste from the Brit. Museum puts the conversation between Amymone and Poseidon! Of the three images included in the supplement to the Num. Commen- tars for Pausanias 163 plates GG 18-20 are included and also if Anıymone are supposed to represent, only one is N. 19 on the Danaid to obtain. She appears here as a nymph of the woman named after her or Lernaean spring. ' Babelon, Guide du Cab. des med. et ant. 1900, fig. 169; Svoronos, The Finds of Anti- kythera 1903, 64 Fig. 52.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 147 421. Br. 26.—Vs. not specified. Rs. AP[FE] ]., IWN r. Armymone sitting on the left on a rock, on which it supports the left; in the outstretched right hand Pitcher(?), at the feet of Aydria. Paris.— 7afe IX N. 15. Amymone also takes care of the nymphs stolen by Poseidon to be mentioned on the following coins from Adramytion and Kyme; her but certainly represent zocal nymphs, probably very late Nothing is known about the myths that emerged. 422. Br. 38.— 'AVTKP-K:'M.AV 1. P CEB AAEIANAPOC: r. and below. Bust of the emperor with laurel, armor and cloak to the right. Rs. CTP AV 1, PKAA above, AAIOV r., AAPAMVT|HNAN i. A Poseidon in long robe and billowing cloak left- striding forward, Drerzack in the left, the right stretched out after a Vyr»PAe who has fallen on her knees to the left, who turns head back and raises both arms in defense; about this is the Peplos, bloated by the fleeing movement. Behind Poseidon Daum (?) Vienna Eckhel, Syll. 35 Act, IV 3; here 7a/2 IX N. 16. See Sestini, Lett. num. contin. VIII 28, 18; Brit. Mus. Cat. Mysia 6, 20 plate I 11. 423. Br. 30.— "AK TI’ Al’OVAAEPIANOC Bust of the emperor with Laurel, armor and mantle to the right. Rs. EIT-ENTTIA 1, Hb|O r., PO|V i.F. 1, KVMAI|QN i. A. Standing- the Poseidon with a naked upper body to the left in a /77ppo- kampenbiga, head to the right, the right hand on the trident, in ]. Poor a struggling, stolen vyrnphe with a bare torso. Berlin (m. p.). Overbeck, Poseidon 341 f. Plate VI 31; here 7aje/ IEENZTZ, Brit. Mus. Cat. Troas etc. 122, 150. See cat. Allier plate XIII 27, without official name, waves underneath the hippocampus. To Arne or Kanake, like Cavedoni Spic. 157f. suggests is Probably not possible here.

148 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER ARIADNE On Ariadne I tried p. 130 the Bacchian nymph of Kydonia available. Although the daughter of Mino originally a higher rank than that of ordinary heroines and nymphs, I'll leave it here The description of their presentation in groups still follows. In To two of them she appears sleeping, like Dionysus and his entourage or just the latter you will find, in another in parallel with the God and accompanied by Eros, images that are probably murals are removed. The latter shows another wedding procession of Dionysus on coins, who is with the nymph Wikaia (see plate x N. 13), great similarity. 424. Br. 42.— AV KM AVP LEVH AAEIANAPOL AVTF. Bust portrait of Emperor with laurel and armor to the right. Rev. TTEPIINSIWN B 1., NEWOPUN r., IN|NW i.F. Standing ju- final Dionysus wreathed with ivy from the front, above the Back nebris or mantle, the right at Thyrsos, the Left on the shoulder of a Sazyr, who is followed by a second with hurries forward to the left with his arms spread wide. At the right hand of God the horned Pan leaping out with Pedum in his left hand, the right hand on the shoulder of the actor standing to the right Naked torso, supporting both hands on a stick. Dionysus stands contemplating those lying to his left in front of him and sleeping Arzadne, at their feet a little puppy wakes, turning his head to the goddess. Berlin (Löbbecke).— 7a/ IX N. 18. Gotha. I.-B. Num. Magazine 1884, 235.8 plate IV 5. Paris. Mionnet I 412, 324. 425. Br. 44.— Bronze coin from Pergamon with Sept. Severus and Julia Domna, and sleeping Ariadne of Pan and a Mainade discovered (see “Bacchian Nymphs” Pergamon below). Berlin. — Zaje! IX N. 19. Dressel, Z£ N. XRIV 744 Dat II13. Cat. Brit. Mus. Mysia 152, 314 Plate XXX 8.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 149 426. Br. 39.— ACT M AEKIOC TPAIANOC. Bust of the emperor with Laurel and armor to the right. Rs. ETT AVP ATIPIANOV TOV K ABHNAIOV APX|A, i.F. 1.KA, above ICTE, r. PANHG, 1.A. MAIONNN. In a panther biga to the right are seated Dionysus and Ariadne, the former with bare upper body, the thyrsos in the right, the left on the r. Shoulder of the one wearing the sleeveless chiton Ariadne legend. She, with her head turned towards the god, stops on the left a branch with grapes. About the Panthers the #ros flying to the right, holding a torch with both hands holding in front of him. Paris.— 7a/el IX N. 20. Cf. Mionnet IV 67, 359; P. Seguin, Num. mod. max. plate 29; Madden, Num. Chron. 1866, 215 plate VII 3. BEROE 427. Br. 30.— IMP CAES M AVR AN |]. TONINVS AVG r. Bust portrait of Elagabalus with laurel, armor and cloak r. Rs. COL IV A ], VG FEL r., BER in section. Zoserdon, the Chlamys around the loins, advancing to the right, head to the left- . there, trident in the 1st arm, with the right hand Deroe grabs the 1st arm- send; this one, in a girded chiton and peplos, with the 1st knee on the ground, draws water with an A7ug in the lowered position Right, turns his head towards the god in surprise and raises his left hand with spread fingers. M.S. Overbeck, Poseidon 340f. Plate VI 30; here 7a IX N.21, See Babelon, Achemenides 186, 1301f. Plate XXV 23; Rouvier, Journ. int. de num. III 301, 578 plate IX 4. The group of this coin also forms the acroteria jewelry of the gable of the Astarte Temple on coins from the Berytus colony Macrinus (Babelon ibid. 182, 1279 Plate XXV 21, Rouvier a.a.O., 297, 566 plate IA’ 1), with Diadumenianus (Babelon 183, 1286, Rouvier 298, 570 plates IA’ 2, Berlin, m. p. 7a/el IX N. 22) with Elagabalus

150 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER (Babelon 184, 1294 f., Rouvier 300, 574) and with Gordian (Babelon 188, 1321f. Plate XXVI 5, Rouvier 306, 597-602 Plate IA’ 14). About the myth see Overbeck a.a.O. IL. Art HaNg Depictions of the Daphne legend are found on coins from the Ale Colony. xandria Troas and known from one of the cities called Apollonia;! both, especially those of the last city, are unusually crude- led. 428. Br. 20.— M[ACRINVS] 1. PIVS-AVG r. Bust of the emperor with Laurel and armor to the right. ° Rs. [COL ALE]JXAN 1st and above, [AVG] TRO i. A. Naked Apollo with flying chlamys rushing to the right, with the right th after the one fleeing from him and with both hands grabbing the tree encircling Daphne. The one on the back Bloated peplos still bear witness to the escape movement. Löbbecke. 2.1. N-XV 427 Taf; II 1 here 7a ZZNZE See Overbeck, Apollon 509, 15. 429. Br. 24.— KOPN C ]., AANNINA CE r. Bust of Salonina to the right. Rs.ATOA 1, AN r., NIATRN 1. A. Naked Apollo on the left rushing, bow in the lowered left, the right towards the stretching out Daphne, who has fallen to her knees in front of him, the head turned back covers the thumb. Berlin. Z.£.N. VII 218.—- 7a X N.2. M. S. and Inv. Waddington N. 2252. Sestini, Deser. 370, 8 describes a similar piece with Julia Donna. His statement that there was a snake winding around the tree, is undoubtedly incorrect. Other pieces with Otacilia Severa and Commodus describes Hasluck, Num. Chron. 1906, 32 and 1907, 440. ! These coins were given to Apollonia Salbake; according to the locations of two The city on Ryndakos comes into consideration as examples, Hasluck, Num, Chron, 1906, 32, 18 and 1907, 440, 22, j

NYMPHS AND CHARITES Bil IL ERIYTHGLE Since the Sibyls are essentially Naiads, the same is true here to accommodate the herophiles. Except for a picture of the same on coins zen from Gergis from the Hellenic period (p. 110 N. 315) are others Coins of the 1st and 2nd centuries v. BC from Kyme and Erythrai known. 430. Br. 21.— Bust of S26y/a with dress and robe on the left, holding up a laurel branch in his right hand. Rs. KYMAI 1, QN r. Standing Isis with scepter and horos dem ]. Arnı to the right. Berlin (m. S.),— Zafel X N. 3. PEN ER 279781 Valley 7 3. 431.. Br. 19.— [KVMAI] 1., QN CIBVAAA r. Head of Sz6y/a with Tänie to the right. Rs. EITI CTPA 1. IEPQN.. r. Standing Apollo in a long body wall to the right in front of a tripod, plectrum in the right, in l. Poor Lyra. Mus. Winterthur. — Za/l X N. 4. L-B. Kleinas. Coins 47, 4. Another piece, with the same stenipel head, shows Deme- eratirder Rs. TIN. XX 27932 TakX 16. 432. Br. 15.—The S2y/a sitting on the left on a rock, in the Raised right laurel branch with tänien. From a Lor- surrounded by berry wreaths. Rs. EPY| AHMHTPI|OZ | AHMHTPI|OY in five lines. Berlin (m. S.),— Zap X N. 5. See L-B. Mon. gr. 288, 63° and Greek. Coins 117. The coin also occurs with other official names.

152 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER 433. Br. 17.— EPYOPA r., INN 1. Bust of Athena on the right. Case SE|A 1., CIBVAAA r. Likewise, the goddess stiffens the first arm behind him on the rock seat. Berlin. — 7afl X N. 6. 1.-B. Greek. Coins 288, 63 plate VIII 27. 434. Br. 17.— AVT KAI A 1, AV KOMOAOC. Bust portrait of the youth royal emperor with laurel and mantle to the right. Rev. ETTI-A-AlA 1, AVCIMAXO: r., EPV i.A. The seated Szbylla to the left, the chin on the right hand, the left on the Rock supported. Munich. — 7afel X N. 7 l.-B. Greek. Coins 117, 294 plate VIII 26. Herophile 1.-B appears in the same contemplating position. Mon. gr. 288, 63°, Greek. Coins 117, 295, cat. Allier "Plate XV 1, cat. Brit. Mus. Ionia 150, 272f. Plate XXXVIII 10. IDE S. below, mountain nymphs, skepticism. KRETHEIS 435. Br. 24.— OMHPO/[C] 1. Seated Zomer with bare upper body to the right, the right hand on the scepter, in the left book (the Iliad), Rs. KPHOHIC 1. KVMAIRN r. The standing vymph of Kretheis, Mother of Homer, in chiton and cloak on the left side; with the She lifts her coat with her right hand and holds it diagonally with her left hand a reed. Berlin. — 7afl X N. 8. Paris. See Mionnet Suppl. VI 15, 119. 436. Br. 23.— Likewise, with KYMAI ], QN r. 1.-B. Mon. grecques, 273, 224; Compare Mionnet III 9, 50, where he sheared the figure to the right veiled and shouldering two reeds (?) in his left hand appears,

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 153 According to the most common legend, Kretheis is said to be the lover of the river of God Meles and gave birth to Homer on the banks of the river. ren have. In Kyme, which competes with other cities for the honor disputed to be Homer's birthplace, there was probably a similar legend, in which another river, the Xanthos or, takes the place of the Meles Hermos had stepped. The attribute of the Nynıphe points to the river, the reed. MYTILENE She can also be included in the circle of eponymous heroines or nymphs Mytilene is drawn, whose name is on the following coin in the dialect form Mvrı\&vvo. appears. ! 437. Br. 24.— AOMITIA r., CEBACTA ]. Bust portrait d. Domitia to the right. Rev. MYTIAENNA in four lines on both sides of the eponyms distributed. This, as a city queen with a tower crown, stands to the right, touches her garment with her lowered right hand and stops her on the left the ZZerme of the bearded Dionysus. Berlin (m. S...— Zafl X N. 9. L-B. Greek. Coins 110, 253 plate VIII 18. Brit. Mus. Cat. Troas etc. 205, 197. NIKAIA The not old myth of Dionysus's relationships with the Najade Nikaia and the founding of the city of Nikaia are reflected in the one in a series of coin images from this city. 438. Br. 27.— 'AVT KAI AAPIAN 1. ANTNNEINOC r. Bust portrait of Pius with laurel and Aegis to the right. Rs. NEIK ], AlA r. Bust of Vi%ara with tower crown, Zpheu- Wreath and robe to the right, holes in the back, in front of the chest Doge. M. S.—Plate X N. 18. Paris. Mionnet II 452, 220; cf. Sup. V 95, 496 with Marcaurel et al. ! Drexler, Roscher’s Lexicon II £3325.

154 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER The tower crown describes the nymph as the city goddess, bow and quivers characterize them as Aayoßökog "Aoteug AA and the wreath of ivy seems to indicate her relationship with Dionysus. 439. Br. 29.— AV KM AVP 1], ANTNNEINOC r. Bust of the bearded towards Marcaurel with laurel to the right. Rs. N|I 1, KAIA r. Likewise, without a quiver or bow. Berlin (m. p.). I.-B. Journ. intern. de num. I 25f, 30 plates B’ 15. See Cat. Brit. Mus. Pontos etc. 159, 45 plate XXXII 15 with Commode. 440. Br. 29.— Obverse also, bust with laurel and cloak. Back NEIK 1, AlA r. The standing mymph with tower crown \nks- there, Aantharos in the right, the left lowered. Behind Nikaia Daum, with a snake coiled around her. Inv. Waddington N. 405. L-B. loc. cit. 26, 31 plate B 16; here TarEX NEW The nymph seems to be depicted here at the moment when she drank from the well, whose water flowed through the Dionysus, who was chasing her, was turned into wine. As a dyadog dotuov, demon of wine or as Dionysus himself is probably the one to grasp snake. ' 441. Br. 29. — ®AVETEINA ], CEBACTH r. Bust portrait of the younger one i Faustina to the right. Back NIKA 1, IEQN r. Seated youthful Dionysus with naked tem upper body to the right, in the right 7%yrsos, the left placed around the NVikara sitting next to him; these, in the chiton and with a tower crown on his head from the front, holding in his left hand also a Zryrsosszab. Berlin (Fox), — 7a! X N. 12. Cf. Mionnet Suppl. V 97, 515 and 516. Similarly, with Septimius Severus, Catalog de Magnoncour 37° Plate 1310. ' Preller-Robert, Greek. Myth. 542, 3; 714, 1

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 155 442. Br. 28.— IOVAIA 1. AVTOVCTA r. Bust portrait of Julia Domna to the right. Rs. NIKAI above, EN 1. A. The group of entwined holding Dionysus and NMikara (like Dionysus and Ariadne on N. 426, but the nymph with the crowned head to the left turned towards the god), on one of a pair of aentaurs Car pulled to the right in step, the side of which has a lying panther is decorated; the male centaur turns her head back, the female blows the flute; in front of them the horned, otherwise human-shaped Pan strides to the right there, turning his head back, his right hand on the belt Centaur, in the left Nebris and Pedum; over that Zros standing at the back of the team, to the left of the gods turned to couple. Paris. Mionnet Suppl. V 113, 616.— 7afel X N. 13. Were threesome ZEN PFXTII2868.; L-B? 22 0265 To S. This wedding procession is already mentioned above on page 148. 443. Br. 28.— AVT OVANEPIANOL | TAAAIHNO | CE ELEB. The other the one facing Busts of emperors with crowns of rays, Armor and coat. Rs. OIKIE|TAl N |IKAI|ENN. Standing Vikava (also known as "Aortenuc") with Aalathos to the right, Doge in the right, the left to the reaching the youthful Dionysus opposite her, who which Thyrsos holds in his left hand; at the feet of the god panther, Both deities are dressed in the short chiton. Brit. Mus. Cat. Pontos ete. 175, 147, with supposedly Artemis and Dionysus.— Zafel X N. 14. Dionysus xtiowg appears frequently on Nicaean coins! be it in its usual design, be it in a quadriga of Elephants, reminiscent of the Indian procession of the god. The same If the goddess of the London Mint is referred to as »tiowmg, only the represent the nymph in whose honor Dionysus built the city of Nicaea. Drexler, Roscher's Lex. III 305, already recognized this correctly. ! Heracles and Asclepius also appear there as xtiotau.

156 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER Other coin images related to Nikaia, which are associated with the Elephant's head under the feet 'and the one with the cista nıystica, do not represent the nymph, but Dionysus.? One can also be included in the circle of images of Dionysus with Nicaea of this god will be drawn with Sazfyros,” since according to Memnon last- - rer was the son of the first two. | Finally, there is a type of Nikaia as a city goddess record. 444. Br. 23.— T IOV OVH MAIIMOC K Bust of Caesar with Armor and coat to the right. ö Rs. NIKAI |, ERN r. Seated Vikaia with tower crown to the left, turning the head back, the right hand on the 7%yrsos, in the 1st arm Cornucopia. | M.S. L-B. Kleinas. coins 10, 4; here Za/7 X N. 15. See Mionnet Suppl. V 146, 8461. Perhaps the Newanvi of the Ailbians is also depicted as a nymph. grasp; because the lion's head, which probably represents a fountain, is standing without a doubt in relation to the bust. 445. Br. 22.—KIABIA 1, NQN NEIKAHNH,. Bust portrait of a city goddess with tower crown and garment on the right; before that Zöwenkopy to the right. Rs. FPAMMATEV r., C TEIMOKAHC Seated Zexs with bowl and scepter to the left. Berlin (m. p.). L-B. N.Z. XX 10, 10 plate 18; here 7a%l X N. 16. From the time of Domitian. In the thumbnails of Nikandros's poetry, which was mentioned above in 3, is perhaps in the dem Kaystro or Kilbo's figure sitting opposite is also the source uymphe to be recognized as a city goddess. ' Cat. Brit. Mus. Pontus etc. 154, 16 plate XXXII 1; Mionnet II 459, 267. SVeleT-Bra OR 278 2 T=B. a2a. 02 31 144 Ta B232