Nymphs and Charites on Greek Coins — 1908

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NYMPHS AND CHARITES UP GREEK COINS FROM F.IMHOOF-BLUMER (With 482 illustrations on XII panels)

Divorcing the nymph types of Greek coins into two temporal divisions, those of the Hellenic and Hellenistic and the the Roman period, is recommended both because of the partial Difference of the areas in which before and after the Roman period images of nymphs were coined because of the different perceptions solution of the nature and meaning of the nymphs depicted during the two periods. | In the first period, some Mainads and Nereids usually Vayads, either worshiped through ancient cults Spring and mountain nymphs or local nymphs, both species often referred to as city eponyms through inscriptions. As such and in served their role as goddesses of growth and blessing they were for the welfare of the residents and were considered by them Worshiped as patron goddesses of cities. They are particularly common (in the... Usually as just head types with a variety of hairstyles and jewelry, rarely in full figure and then often liberating or playing), in Sici- lia, Greater Greece and Thessaly, as well as in other parts of the European Greece, in the northern landscapes of small Asia and, very sparsely, in the rest of Asia and in Cyrene. The second period falls due to the Romanization of the country the west of Greece, where the nymph cult was previously found on coins had found the most striking expression, completely out of consideration; and where we now find nymphs depicted in the East, seem these, with a few exceptions, have their previous special meaning as Having lost city goddesses. In their place come now and then the eponymous Amazon! and heroines, but primarily 7ycke. Nevertheless, even in Roman times the nymphs remained counter- ! Nomisma II 1908.

4 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER was often depicted on coins. Below we find source and mountain nymphs, nymphs from the circle of Artemis and Dionysus, sometimes individually, sometimes grouped with other deities, often as repeats Obtaining plastic images or paintings, often for illustration various myths, founding and transformation legends!. To these After all, pictures line up that of the numerous groups of vymphs, the ten - in some cases indistinguishable from Charitable groups are. A list of the latter therefore follows as an appendix to that The overall picture of the graceful nymph world offered here in Greek Spanish coins. The illustrations of the nymph types from the Hellenic period are shown and again the corresponding backs were added, partly around the In some cases, the place of minting can be identified immediately without looking back at the text in order to use this space filling to determine the arrangement and closure of the Make the boards as appropriate as possible. from the Hellenic period is only represented by a type from Sicily. ' Particularly interesting is the variation of the representations from the myths of the Arkas, Europa, Larisa, Nikaia and others.

NYMPH PICTURES ON COINS OF THE HELLENIC AND HELLENISTIC PERIOD

» 7

1. SOURCE- AND LOCAL NYMPHS GREAT GREECE NEAPOLIS The woman's head, with which for two centuries the Numerous nouns are coined by Neapolis, both are missing attributes and jewelry that characterize the deity, as the explanatory relevant caption. The type, in all its varieties in profile and from the front, is essentially identical to that of most eponyms Nymphs carrying the coins of Kyme, Terina, Kamarina, Syracuse, Larisa and other cities decorates. Percy Gardner refers to him even as a nymph. ' Poole vacillated between the designation nung Nymph and Seirene Parthenope,? which latter corners advocate had spoken? while Head Dia-Hebe suggests' and Dressel from refrain from naming it at all.’? This is certainly the case the patron goddess of Neapolis, Parthenope, because of her opinion, whether Seirene or Nymph, the views can be easily balanced. As is well known, either myths, which relate to the names and origins of the cities, or else mere place personifications play a major role. Therefore, in earlier and later the numerous pictures of heroes and heroines, nymphs phen, Amazons and other demigoddesses. Where the head can't get through As a rule, the wreath or attributes find their explanation to interpret it, one that lives on in the people and in monuments - the local myth used to personify the place. or be assumed. So the naming of the Types; Tata. .11, .14. ? Cat. Brit. Mus. Italy 94 f. 23D: me I 112E * Hist. num. 33. 5 Description d. ans. Coins Berlin III £103.

8 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER Neapolitan woman's head tells the legend of Seirene Parthenope remained the object of an outstanding cult in historical times was. According to her, Neapolis had developed before the city was taken over by the Cymaeans had been destroyed and restored, Parthenope had been called; There was a monument to her at the harbor that was visible from afar (uvijue) erected, of which Strabo 23, 26, 246 and Pliny N. h. III 62 and annual torchlight ceremonies were held in their memory. competition-related games were celebrated, which, it seems, were only Gustus and Domitian underwent reshuffles!. The suggestion to this The ongoing honors of the patron goddess also represent her depiction Counting on coins can therefore hardly be rejected. The depiction of the Seirene on coins differs, as do already noticed, in no way different from those of eponymous nymphs; like This appears to Parthenope in changing hairstyles and decorations, without any characteristic attributes or symbols, such as those in Seire- For example, wings or musical instruments would be required. There was probably a fusion of Seirene and Nymph already with the first artistic designs of the Parthenope City goddess accomplished. By the way, the Seirenes were not considered everywhere Hybrid creatures formed; ? they also appear in human form, 7.B. like musical muses on Etruscan ash boxes?, and A picture later shows Parthenope as the 7yche of the city of Eutychides *. On rare silver obols from Neapolis, one of which is perfect distinctive specimens that are not yet known can be found one apparently of Terina Nike? replicas of a lie/fire that look like that terinaean either on a fallen //ydria or on a Cippus sits and is equipped with attributes such as a staff, wreath or branch. tet seems to be.® The city goddess is probably also in this figure, 'Beloch, Campania, 28, 57, 77. ?° Seirenes as hybrid creatures on coins: Imhoof and Keller, animal and plant images 74 Plate XII 36-38. * Raoul-Rochette, Monum. inedits 377 plate 61, I; Müller-Wieseler, Denkm. II 757. * Sabatier, Med. Contorniates 87, 14 Plate XIII 14; Sambon, Mon. ant. de P'Italie I 280. ° S. below, Terina, "N. Z, III 21, 49; Garrucci, Monete dell'Italia antica II 82 and 85 plates LXXXV 10, 11, 13; Z.£N. XIV 178; Dressel a.2.0 125, 153 Taf, VI 76; A. Sambon 2.2.0, 2181 17218 No. 421/2,

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 9 Parthenope, to recognize. Through the Hydria she received Nymphencha rakter!, through the winging, which, like the Terina, is an attribute the Nike, not the Seirene, is to be understood, the meaning of the Victorious. Except for the numerous illustrations of the Parthenope type Carelli, L. Sambon, Garrucci, Dressel and A. Sambon should be referred to on de Luynes, Choix plates I 11-15, Gardner, Types plates XI, 11 and 14, Head Guide (2) Plate 24.4; 33, 2 and 3, A. Evans, Syrac. Medallions Plate II 9-11, III 1-3, Weber, Num. Chron. 1896 Plate I 2, L. Correra, Le pitı antiche monete di Napoli 1902 Fig. 1-4, 9-12. Examples 1. P. 22.—Head of Parthenope with pearl bandage, earring and neck tied to the right, surrounded by a laurel wreath. Rs. Z1J0|MH3V. Bull protome with bearded human face to the right. Paris (de Luynes).— af I N. 1. The hair above the forehead of the woman's head and between the horn nnd ear of the bull are in archaic style with dots indicated. 2. P. 21. — INOMO3W right. Likewise with the bandage on the right. double fur circle. Rs. Standing bull with bearded human face to the left, above that ear of corn. Sir H. Weber. — 7ajdl I N. 2. 3. P. 21.—Head of the Parthenope without decorations to the right. Rev. NEOTOA above. Bull also to the right. Berlin (m. S.).— Zafel I N. 3. 4. P. 20.—Likewise from the front, with flowing hair and a bandage. Rs. NEOMOL! above, 2HT in section. Bull also to the left. British Museum. — Zajfel I N. 4. ı Because of the hydria, the picture is also only available from Vergil, Aen. VII 735 mentioned Nymph Sebethis has been referred to,

10 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER 5. P. 22.—Likewise to the right, with earrings, collar and wider Tie, on of the traces of a meander perceptible are. line circle. Rs. NEOMTOAITHZ i. A. Bull to the left with a bearded human face from the front, above it a flying wreath crowning the head Nike; between the legs of the bull T. Berlin (m. p.).— Zafe! I N. 5. 6. P. 22.— Likewise to the right, with a bandage, earrings and collar, between four dolphins. Rs. NEOTOAITRN 1. A Taurus and Nike as well, to the right. Berlin. — 7afe/ I N. 6. 7.8. 22.—Likewise, without dolphins. Rs. NEOMOAITHZ i. A. Likewise. Garrucc.—7afll I N. 7. The image of the city goddess of Neapolis N. 4 (from the front) above also took Phistelia,' N. 3 the Ampanians in Neapolis,” N. 5 Ayme,? /Vola* and /Zyria? on their coins. Because of the clear decoration the headband here is the illustration of the following Nolan Noun attached. 8.5. 19. Same as No. 5 without border. Rs. Likewise, with NQA... in sections. Vienna. — 7afel I N. 8. KayeM>SR The woman's head from the Cymean coins of the 5th century BC. BC resembles in character and decoration, insofar as such is appropriate simultaneous heads of the Parthenope and the nymphs Satyra, Velia ' Dressel a.a.O. Plate III 44, from the “same stamp cutter like Neapolis a.a.O. Plate. IV57. ? Dressel a.a.0. Plate II 27; A. Sambon a. a. O.-IN. 771 Fig. ® A. Sambon a.a.O. I Plate III 298. * Dressel a.a.O. Plate VI 89 and 90, cf. Neapolis plate IV 59 and V 60; A. Sambon a. a. O.l Taf II IeuclVve 5 A, Sambon a.a. O.I 304, 792. Plate IV 793.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 11 and Terina. On some of the nouns of archaic style one finds as the caption to the picture KVME, while the back with the ethnic kon KVMAION is called. So Kun is not here, like on one other Nomos with Athena's head, * as a mere city name, but same as VEAH, TEPINA and others, as the name of the personification shown of the city, the Vymphe Kyme. The nymph character of the head is not only clear from the comparison mentioned above other nymph heads, but especially through that in this one Coin group only occurring epithet, the ZAerher, the, alternating with crane or stork, the table I N. 9 shown Piece with depictions of nymphs from other cities, e.g. B. with those of Terina, Entella, Selinus, Phalanna, Trikka and Pale have in common. Previous attempts to trace the head type from Kyme to Parthenope or to refer to another Seirene are not only based on what has been said, but also because Kyme is not Seirenenname and traces of a Seiren cult of the Cymeans cannot be proven. Nymph worship, on the other hand, seems to be something other than coins to testify inscription. ® Illustrations by Carelli, Garrucci, Dressel, Sambon; furthermore mild lingen, Recueil Taf. 13 and 4, Syll. 13£, Considerations plate II 12; de Luynes, Choix Taf I 9; Head, Guide(2) Plate VII 2, XV 2 and others. Examples 8/9/19—Head of Ayme with band earring and collar on the left; behind it the cynker stands to the right. Lkr. Rs. KVMAIO|WY. Mussel, fly over it. Löbbecke.-— 7afel I N. 9. 8/10/21—KVME r. Head of the vymph with laurel wreath, earring and Collar on the right. Pearl circle. Rs. NOIAMVX around a mussel. Line and pearl circle. ı Millingen, Syll. 14, 5; Dressel a.a.O. 89, I Dept.; Weber, Num. Chron. 1896, 3. Cf. Garrucci a.a.O. II 81, plate LXXXIII 22 and A. Sambon a.a.0. 1428, 154-8. 2 Num. Chron. 1896, 1, 1 plate. 11; A. Sambon a.a.O. IN. 293. 3 Kaibel, inscr. gr. Sic. Italian N. 860.

12 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER The Zorbeerkranz as a headdress or edging of the head occurs repeatedly in nymphs of western Greek cities; he in most cases it probably refers to agonistic victories and characterizes the city goddess, here Kyme, as /Vike, cf. Parthenope N. I, Satyra N. 14, Terina N. 49 and 52, Pandosia N. 38, Arethosa N. 1187 ESegestaaNz Fo 5/11/22—Head of the Vym/phe to the left, without decoration. Rev. Likewise, with pistrix on the left above the shell. Pkr. Arolsen. — 7a/e I N. 11. TARA According to legend, Taras was the son of Poseidon and a united mix nymph, called Sazyra!. This is where the nymph head is headed refer to the Taranten coins first at the beginning of the 5th century. century, then again around 300 BC. BC appears as a type. The union of types like the satyra and her son Taras on a coin occurs every now and then, like the 7%etis Achilleus on coins of Pyrros, Achelous with Aalliroö on dragon men of Stratos, the Lokrian Lias with his mother on Opuntic Coins of Zeus with Aallısto on copper from Methydrion, of ZZermes with Maia on silver by Pheneos, des /Zomer with Äretheis on copper of the Aeolian Kyme. Illustrations by Carelli, Raoul-Rochette, L. Sambon, Garrucci, Evans; also Head, Guide (2) plate VII 7; Dressel a.a.O. III235, 65- 72 act. XT:170 and 1713276,305-326) Tar XII 290. 1 veto int denum. 1.303542 tax Ieex IX Examples 12. 5. 21.—Archaic head of Sazyra with collar on the left in the middle th of a ring. Rs. TAPAZ r. Taras with arms outstretched on dolphin left- riding there; including scallop. Pkr. M. S.—7afell I N. 12. ' Raoul Rochette, Essai sur la num. tarantine 183, 231 Taf, I 2-10; A. Evans, the hor semen>o0f Tarıs #NoteS31 31. Tara EOS V Tel x valley)

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 13 8/13/21—Archaic head of the mymph with a broad band to the right. Thick line circle. Rs. $AYAT 1. Taras riding a dolphin, the rights to the fish supported, left stretched out; underneath shell (tritonium nodiferum). Berlin (m. S.,— 7a I N. 13. Illustration of the Rs. Imhoof and Cellar, animal and plant pictures. Plate VIII 29. 14. P. 23.— Head of the vymph with bandage and collar to the right a zorberry wreath. Rev. SAAAT 1. Taras with arms stretched out on dolphin right- to; including scallop. Pkr. Paris (de Luynes) and Brera!. 15G 15.—AYAT. Head of the nymph with earrings and collar to the left, the hair tied twice in a criss-crossing band wrapped around; in front of the head dolphin, behind A. Pkr. Rev. Taras with flying robe, Nike on the right and Trident in the left, riding dolphin to the left; under this FH and waves. Vlasto.—7ajel I N. 14. 16. P. 21.—Head of the mymph with a broad sphendone-like band and Earrings on the left. Back: young naked rider to the right, with the right hand that striding horse garlanded; under this TA and dolphin to the right, in front of the horse's neck ®ı. Berlin. — 7a/l I N. 15. 17. P. 22.—Also with band and earrings on the right. Rs. Likewise, without ®l. Pkr. M. Vlasto.—7a IN. 16. This later type was imitated in the Apulian 7eafe s. Dressel a.a. 0, III 204, 1. Plate IX 137. ' Since I am informed that the authenticity of this piece is not beyond doubt, I refrain from reproducing it. Illustrations in Sambon, recherches plate XVII 6 u. Garrucci plate XCVII 22.

14 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER DEREUND Laos also appears next to the head of the river god of the same name to have used that of a vymph as a coin image. As a nymph, not as Persephone, is a head surrounded by dolphins! to be understood, whose wreath is not made of ears of corn, but of reeds scrolling is formed. Some of the other women's heads are also more lain Copper coins undoubtedly represent the nymph, e.g. B.L. Sambon Lat XII. Cooking az EX VII Set Examples 18. Br. 19.— AAIINDQN Head of the Vymph, with shield/wreathed right- between four dolphins. Pkr. Back MIBE 1, star in between. Standing crow to the right; before that deer copt. British Museum. — 7a&@I N. 17. As noted above, the head appears here with reeds, not with Ears of wheat wreathed. The nymphs also have freely hanging hair Thuria, Mesma, Pelorias and others, Delphine as part of Parthenope and Sicilian nymphs. 19. Br. 20.—Indistinct official name on the left. Head of the mymph with Branch in hair, earrings and collar to the right. Pkr. Rs. AAINDN|H 1. Standing crow to the right; in front of it bull's head, Snout pointing upwards. British Museum. — 7af%l I N. 18. Wroth, Num. Chronicle 1897,97 4 considers the branch in the hair to be Myrtle and therefore the head for Aphrodite. 20 Br. 15.—NJA. Head of the mymph with sphendone to the right. Pkr. Rs. KOL, MO r. Standing crow to the right. Berlin (m. S.).— Zafel I N. 19. ‘ Cat. Brit. Mus. 236, 12 illustrations; I.-B. Mon. grecques 3, 12th plate VIII 256.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 125 21. Br. 17.— NAlA Head of the Vymph(?) from the front, with curly hair, earrings and robe; right 7th pkr. Rs. Two crows facing each other, whose necks cross each other; above ON, between the feet M. M. S.-—-Zafell N. 20. "Cf. Garrucei II 171 plate CXVIII 13 with supposedly torch next to it the head. METAPOINT Except the heads with jewelry, symbols and inscriptions! can be interpreted as referring to Olympic gods and heroes, there are metapon- Tinian coins have a number of female head types with mostly fashionable ones Hairstyle, which one could easily assume to be representations of the local nymph can. Maybe this was called Ane and was related to one of the Founding legends or Achelous, who was particularly revered in Metapont. Illustrations by Carelli, L. Sambon, Garrueci, Gardner (Types), Regling, Coll. Warren Plate II, 73-87. Examples 22 8. 23. AMA left above the head of a vymph to the right; two Thick zaar lichens wrapped around the head crisscross each other the forehead, from which a small tuft of hair protrudes like a horn. Rs. META. Ear with leaf to the right; on this mouse to the left. Berlin (m. p.)— 7afel I N. 21. 23.8. 22.—Likewise to the left, without the tuft of hair and without the caption; behind the neck &T. Rs. METABO |. Ear of wheat with leaf right. Vienna. —7afell I N. 22. ı That's why it seems to include APIETH in the names AAMATHP and ZQTHPIA not to be addressed because this one is like the others written in Doric form "Aoiota would have to. This is probably an artist name 'Agıornvög, 'Agıorntöng or similar. Garrucei 136 plate CIII 7 cataloged according to a copy he had print a nomos with the head of Demeter from the front and FOZIA, although carefully in the text emphasizing «sembra esseres. The names NIKA, FOMONOIA and FYTIEIA seem less Personifications to describe the nymph as an adjective.

16 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER The decoration of these heads, which were even considered male and referred to Metabos does not exist, as repeatedly stated was, in myrtle wreaths, but in unmistakable long hair- braid, a virginal adornment that is particularly suitable for nymphs. ! The declining label ANA, which has so far remained unnoticed Not in view of the space remaining free on both sides can be considered a fragment of a name, probably refers to the nymph, which therefore has the unusual name ”Avn, dor. "Ava, would have worn. 24. P. 22.—Head of the mymph with earrings to the right, the hair twice wrapped with a ribbon. Rs. META r. Ear with leaf 1. Vienna. — 7afel I N. 24. Collection Warren Plate II 77. 25. P. 20.—Also with earrings and collar on the right, the ribbon in a quadruple turn. Pkr. Rs. METATON r. Ear with leaf 1.; over this palmette. Vienna. — Plate I N. 25. 26. P. 22.—Also with headband, earrings and collar on the left- to; behind it the artist name FIN Zee Rs. METV r. Ear of wheat with leaf 1., above this jug. Garrucci (CIII 13), — Za/Z I N. 26. 27. P. 19.—Also with Sphendone, which is decorated with five stars. Pkr. Rs. META r. Ear of wheat, in the field 1. Mussel (Aporrhais). Brit. Museum. — 7ajl I N. 27. 28. P. 21.—Like No. 24, but with a collar, in an oil wreath. Rs. ME r. ear of wheat. Brit. Mus. Cat. 243, 53.— Tajel I N. 28. ! Compare the head of the Corinthian drachma: Cat. Brit. Mus. Plate X 9, also shown on our tables. ? Due to poor preservation, the Brit. Museum Cat. 247, 72 the name APIZT (ö&evog ?) unrecognized. he

ST NYMPHS AND CHARITES 1 The head type N. 28, a later repetition of 24, comes not rare and from different stamps before, now and then, like the heads of other nymphs (see N. 10) from an oil or zor- Beer wreaths wreathed or framed. ' On the neck section of one of these Heads is the inscription FYFIEIA attached, which means the picture in no way than that of the goddess personified under this name is secured. Rather, the abstract term vyleıa is used here as an epithet a deity, and this is probably the nymph and Patron goddess of Metapontum, who, for example, as a result of sanitary works such as Canalization, drainage, etc., as a provider of health was honored. ? It can be similar with the captions NIKA and FOMONOIA behave, and with the geloic ZNZIPONIZ and EYNOMIA (see below). One of the nouns type N. 28 points to either side of the head one ear each? another with his head drooping over his forehead loin ear* (7aj/el I N. 29); that this is an attribute of the nymph can, we will see p. 20 (Mesma). For those of Metapontum this is all the less strange as the ear of grain is the constant symbol of the city was. ITS RENT The Oovoio Spring, by Strabo, Steph. Byz et al. mentioned, finds personified as a nymph on the following coin. 29. Br. 17. ©OYPIA r. Head of the 7huria with earrings and Schz/f wreath to the left. Rs. I£TI above. Charging bull to the left; in the fish section (not visible on our copy). M. S.—7afl IN. 30. ı Cat. Brit. Mus. 245, 60-66; Gardner, Types Plate I 28; Arch. newspaper 1847 ae VILDA, ? See Usener, Names of the Gods 369 ff. 3 Cat. Brit. Mus. 245, 65; Mus. Copenhagen. 1 Carelli, Num. Ital. vet. CL. 53 and 54. Macdonald Mus. Hunter I plate VI 18. 2 a

18 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER VRIIEA The Veletic nouns, drachmas and fractions of the 5th century. v. BC show a female head, often given the name VEAH is ascribed. This form of the old city name, which refers to Simultaneous coins also by the Ethnikon YEAHTERN and YEAHTNN expressed finds, denotes at the same time the mymph of Source “Yen” mentioned by Strabo in 252. One of the youngest names in the series is therefore noteworthy, because there is a branch of vine vine in front of the head (n. 33). This A symbol that usually refers to the cult of Dionysus and the Mainads, probably represents a symbol of the nymph as the goddess of fertility represent; for as a spring nymph, Hyele was Najade, not Mainade. Illustrations by Carelli, L. Sambon, Garrucci; de Luynes, Choix Plate III 13 and 14; Head, Guide (2) Ta£f- VII 16, XV 3; Gardner Types plates I 26 and 27; Cat. Brit. Mus. 304 etc. Examples 30. P. 20.—Head of the /Zyele with pearl bands in the hair and on the neck to the right; the hair is indicated by dotted lines. Rs. YEAHTER®N i. A. Lion to the right ready to jump, depicting over flying owl to the right. Modena.— 7Zafl I N. 31. 31 p. 20.— Likewise, with straight hair. Rr. Likewise with YEAHTERN and owl to the left. Berlin (m. S.),— Za/ I N. 32. 32. p. 20.—YENH r. Head of the mymph with Stephane to the right. Rs. AH i. A. Leo as well. M. S.—7afel I N. 33. 33. P. 21.—YEAH above. Head of the Vyrnfhe with headband, earrings and collar to the right; in front of it & and branch with grapes, leaf and tendrils. Rs. Lion as well; i. A. standing owl to the right. Berlin. — Zafe/ I N. 34.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 19 KOSENTIA 34. Br. 20.—Head of a mymph to the right, the hairs fourfold away wrapped in a band. Back: Arch between three crescent moons. Berlin (m. S.),— 7Zajel I. N. 35. I only know anepigraphed examples of this coin. After L. Sambon, Researches 320, 1 plate XXIV 26 is said to be under the nym- phenkopfe KOZ, after Garrucci II 170, 36 plates CXVII 36 KNZZ occur. The head, similar to that of other nymphs, maybe poses one which was related to the Krathis springs. This was maintained The image is named Artemis, probably because of the type of back. Apart from the hairstyle and the lack of the usual legal attributes of the quiver and bow that contradict this interpretation, Among other coins show the Cosentinian ones with arescopes and lightning, that a connection between the two-sided coin types as necessary by no means to be assumed is. OH RCHl 35.8. 15.— AOK 1. Head of a vymph with cecryphalos, ear pendant and collar on the left. Rev. Flying Pegassos left; including lightning. Coll. Pennisi.— 7afel I N. 36. Macdonald, Mus. Hunter II Taf XXXVII 4. The same type of head is shown on coins from Korkyra and Corinth. MESMA Mesma (also Medme and Medma) was the name of a large spring, after whom the city was named. On beautiful copper coins of the 4th century BC The head of the Ouell nymph appears from the front and in profile, with standing or fallen W masser jug for \

20 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER Page. The wreath of ears of grain in the picture from the front denotes the Naiad as the goddess of growth and fertility, in which 'The nymphs were connected to Demeter'. The same one Jewelry can be found in depictions of the nymphs of Metapontum, Gela, Larisa and Phakion. Illustrations in Mionnet Suppl. I Plate XI 4; Carelli, L. Samıbon, Garrucci; de Luynes, Choix Plate IV 9, 10; Num. Chron. 1900, 4 Dalaler Examples 36. Br. 22.— MEZMA r. Head of Mesma with ear pendant and neck tied to the right; in front of the neck //ydria or jug. Pkr. Back: Naked youth on the left sitting on a rock, the Left supported on this, in the right bowl one in front dog sitting to the left, with its head turned back, stalling. Pkr. Berlin. — 7a/ 1 No. 37. Millingen. Anc. coins plate II 1. 37. Br. 23. — Head of the mymph with a wreath of wheat, earrings and Collar from the front, tilted to the right; left /Zydrıa. Pkr. Rs. MEEMAINN r. Head of Apollo with laurel wreath and long gem hair to the right. Pkr. M. S.— 7Zafel I No. 38. BANZDIOSSER The beautiful head of Nomos, known as Pandosia, which stands on the back shows the river god Krathis is also for an eponym to keep nymph. Maybe it can be related to that small tributaries of the Krathis, the Acheron. The headband is a frequent decoration of the nymphs' heads; from the wreath of these often surrounds, was mentioned above on page 12. ! Bloch. Roscher's Lexicon III 516.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 21 38 p. 23.— TAN 1, DOMSA r. Head of the vymph with a broad band to the right. The whole thing in a zorberry wreath. Rs. KPAOSM r. The standing naked river god Arathı from the front, Head to the left, bowl in the right, the lowered left a laurel tree. Links to feet fish. Sambon, plate XXIII 13. armecı Lat: CX7 >>. Num. Chron. 1873, 98, 12 Plate III 8. Cat. Brit. Mus. 370, 1 fig. — Here 7Za/e/ I No. 39. Gardner, Types Plate I 17, 29. Head, Guide (2) Plate XV 11. ZERTNA The types of the oldest Terinean coins are, on the one hand, the nymph head called TEPSWA, on the other hand first the winged loose, then the winged Nike, the former also with an explanatory note font, AXZW (No. 39 and 40). From the middle of the 5th century v. In the 4th century BC the two deities appear in one, Zerina Nike, melted. The Num. Zeitschr. Nomos discussed in 1871 p. 21, on which the local called TEPINA goddess is crowned by Nike (No. 55), as the numerous varying ones Attributes and accessories of the wing figure. The Drunnen, from the Te- rina Nike fills the Hydria (No. 51), the /Zydria' on which she sits (No. 50, 52), the Aranıch (No. 47), the Spieldälle? (No. 46), which refers to the Hand fluttering small Bird! (No. 54). the naiad, Wings, wreath, olive or laurel branch and heraldic staff the Nike. If Milani, Roman. Mitt. V (1890) p. 96 ff. the last attribute used to prove that the winged figure represents Terina Eirene, like this This attempt at explanation contradicts the clear development of Type. Furthermore it should be noted that as well as for Eirene the herald's staff as a herald of victory and peace symbol for Nike I fountain and hydria are apparently based on a source, whose personification is the Naiad Terina is not available as suggested is, on the tomb of the Sei- rene Ligeia. ? See Larisa below.

22 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER suitable for those with this attribute not only on vase pictures!, but also also on some of the Terinean contemporary coins of Katana and Kamarina appears °. The identity of on both sides of the coins depicted Goddess arises from the almost constant agreement of the Heads in hairstyle and jewelry. Exceptions to this are made in the Usually only hibrid imprints. More often than found in the ranks of nymph heads in other cities one of the Terina surrounded by an aranze (No. 49) or the Headband decorated with zorbeer (No. 52): again a sign of the Mixing the city nymph with Nike. A sacrificing Terina, without wings, can be found on the Dio bolon No. 59; this image appears to be an imitation of Sicilian nymphs to be phentypes. At about the same time, Obolen comes up with the flying Nike ® as an unmixed type. Illustrations by Carelli, Millingen, de Luynes (Choix), L. Sam- bon, Garrucci, Head (Guide), Gardner (Types), Mus. Hunter, Cat. Brit. Museum: also L-B. N.Z. 1871, 15 ff. No. 30, 33-40, 45-48 a-0o; 1886 plate V 16, Monn. grecques 11, plate A 12, VIII 261; Poole, Num. Chron. 1883, plates XI and XII; 1897 Plate II 5; Sherman Benson, Inc. Greek coins 1901 Plate IV 1-23 etc. Since the low Writing of this note: K. Regling, Terina 1906 plates I-III, by Fritze and Gäbler, Nomisma I Plate II. Examples 39. P. 21.— TEPSVA. Head of the nymph with a bandage to the right. Pkr. Rs. ANM r. Standing Nike apteros in chiton and outer garment from the front, head to the left, laurel branch in the lowered right ten, the left one on the side. The whole of two laurel branches framed. Brit. Museum. — Zafel II N. 1. 'ı Milani ibid 96 note 2. ® N. Z. 1871 p.12, 12; 19, 43; Mionnet Suppl. I 376, £133; Cat. Brit. Mus. Sicily 37, 20. ® Garrucci plate CXVII 19-21.

40 41 42 43 44 45 NYMPHS AND CHARITES 23 8/21—TEPSWA. Head of the 7erina with collar to the right; around the hair is a fourfold twisted bandage. Pkr. Rev. Standing “winged Nike to the left, laurel wreath to the right” th and laurel branch in the lowered left. Pkr. Paris (de Luynes),— 7aje II N. 2. 8/21—TEPI[VAI]OW. Head of Terina Nike with collar right- there, the wide headband with meander decoration, behind it M. Back: Seated T7erina Nike with bare upper body on the left, the Right on the /Zerold staff planted in front of her, the left on the pedestal. Brit. Museum. — Zajel II N. 3. .S. 21.—Vs. same stamp. Back: Seated Terina Nike in short-sleeved chiton and cover-up to the left, the wings unfolded on both sides, in the right Olive or zorberry branch with two leaves, the left one on the tament supported, at the base of which is M. Brussels (de Hirsch). — Zaje/ II N. 4. .S. 21.— Likewise. Rev. Standing 7erina Nike with bare right breast to the left, Herald's staff in the outstretched right hand, with the l. Arm up resting on a cannelised sentence; smaller in front of the nymph Bird to the left on the corner of an altar or fountain, in Fields on the right N. Berlin (m. S.,— Zaje II N. >. . 8. 20.— [TEJPIWAIOW. Head of the 7erina with Sphendone and neck band to the left; behind it 7. Back: Seated Terina Nike with a naked upper body on the left, the Wings backwards, S/down with button in the right, the left on the pedestal; before this T. Brit. Museum. — 7aje II N. 6. .S. 23.— TE r. PWAIOY 1. Also with collar and Sphendone, this one with meandering decoration, rising above the forehead Tuft of hair, back 1.

24 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER Rs. Seated 7erina Nike with sleeveless chiton on the left, in the Holding the right zorberry wreath over your knees, the left one on pedestal; behind this T. Vienna. —Vs. 7plate II N. 7. 46. P. 23.—TEPIW |AIOW. Head of Terina with wide band and neck band to the right; behind it ®. Back: Seated 7erina Nike with sleeveless chiton on the left, with playing with two balls, one of which is on the back of the hand lies, the other has shot up; the left on the armchair, behind this ®. Löbbecke—Rs. Plate II N. 8. 47. P. 21.—TEPIWAIOY 1. Likewise, without a collar. Rev. Likewise, zorberry branch in the right, the left anı Posta- ment; Aranıch standing in front of the nymph to the right. Berlin (m. p.),— 7ajel II N. 9. 48. P. 22.—TEPIV 1. Head of the 7erina with a wide band to the right. Rev. like No. 45, but to the right, without letters. Berlin (Löbbecke),— Za/e II N. 10. 49. P. 22.—Head of the 7erina Nike with collar to the right, the wide one headband with palmette decoration; behind &. The whole thing surrounded by a laurel wreath. Rs. TEPIVAIOY ]. Standing 7erina Nike with exposed right Chest to the left, the r. Leaning on a high boulder, in the right hand supported on the raised knee / Zeroldstaff, the veiled left on the back. Mus. Wiesbaden (Lade). — Za/el II N. 11. ! 50. P. 22.—Vs. same stamp. Rs. TEPIWAIO r. X]. Terina Nike in sleeveless chiton on the right sitting on the belly of a Zydrra, head tilted downwards, ! Also depicted and discussed by Kekule, the reliefs on the balustrade of Athena Nike 1881 pp. 1 and 10,

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 25 the Zerold staff in his right hand and a small fluttering one Looking at bird on the left. Brit. Museum. — 7ajel II N. 12. 51.S. 22.—Vs. same stamp. Rev. [TEPINAINN] above the wall. The mymph, with the chiton clothed, sits on a pedestal to the left of one of them Area shows the inscription ATH. Holds in the lowered left Terina the /Zeroldstaff, with her right hand one on the knees provided A/ydria includes, into which she comes from a lion's head allows water to flow. This gargoyle is on a wall attached, at the foot of which there is a water basin with left-hand towards a swimming swan. Paris (de Luynes),— 7aje II N. 13. 52. P. 23.—Head of the /Vymph with collar to the left, the broad forehead band decorated with Zordeer. Rs. TEPINAION. Terina Nike on the belly of a /Zydrıa left- sitting there, Aranz in the right, in the left /Zeroldstaff. Brit. Museum. — 7ajel II N. 14. 53. P. 23.— Likewise, without a collar; rear A. Case TEPI[NAI) 1, QN r. Terina Nike on pedestal to the left sitting, the right hand (with a wreath?) stretched out, in the lowered one Left/Zeroldstab. M. S.— 7afel II N. 15. 54. P. 22.—-TEPINAINN r. Head of Vyraphe with ear pendant and neck band to the right. district. Back: Seated Terina Nike in a sleeveless chiton on the left, which her on the back of the r. small bird flown by hand striving, the left hand on the pedestal. district. Mus. Naples No. 3841.—7ajel II N. 16. 55.S. 22.— Likewise, the head with decorated sphendone and neck band. Pkr. Rs. TEPINA]. Seated 7erina with collar and sleeveless

26 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER Chiton on the left, bowl in the right, the left on the post ment; Behind the nymph floats a small one crowning her Nike figure. British Museum. — Zajel II N. 17. 56. P. 22.-- Head of the vymphe r., the hair in sphendone with three wide folds. Oelkranaz. Rev. TEPINAI|QN 1, seated Zerina on the left, wreath on the right ten, left on the chair. Brit Mus—7ajel IN. 18. 57. P. 13.—Head of the 7erina with Sphendone to the right. Pkr. Rs. TE Terina Nike]. sitting on an Ionian sawcapital, Laurel dwarf in the right. Berlin (m. S.).— Za/e II N. 19. 58. Br. 15.— TEPI]l. Head of the mymph with collar to the right, that Hair wrapped four times in a bandage. Lkr. Rs. hippocamp to the right. Lkr. Berlin (m. S. Monn. gr. 11, 47 plate VIII 261). — Zajel II N. 20. 59. P. 12.—Head of Terina with a wide forehead band to the left, behind A. Rs. 3T r. Standing mymph in chiton and cover to the left, with his left hand holding up a fold of the latter, in which Pouring out the right bowl over the altar. Berlin (with p. a.a.0. 11.44 T.A 11, — 7a IN. 21. This Diobolon and the Nomos N. 53 are coins at the same time.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 27 DSKHIL SEN ABACAINON 60. P. 11.—Head of a myrmph from the front, tilted slightly to the left. Pkr. Rs. ABA. Standing pig and piglet in front, to the left. Cat. Brit. Mus. Sicily, 1, 6 Fig. Varieties of this silver litra at Salinas, le monete delle ant. citta di Sicilia Plate I 27-31, the latter with the head to the right. On copper coins of the city, with bull types on the Rs., appears the nymph in profile, with hairnet or sphendone, earring and Collar decorated, cat. Brit. Mus. 2, 9-12, Salinas a.a.O. Plate II 1-7. 61. P. 14.—Head of a mymph with ear pendant and collar on the right- there. Pkr. Rs. AB r., A below. Front part of a jumping bull with bear human face to the right. Brsbover. Cat Dec. 1906 Tat: Li45. AITNE 62. Br. 17.— AITNAIQN r. Head of a nymph with a wreath of reeds Collar on the right. Pkr. Rs. M over jumping horse with hanging leash to the right. Pkr. Salinas 4.2.0. Lat 11134. The nymph Aitvn was the eponym of the volcano, on whose the city of Aitne lay. a N 2 Pi 63. P. 10.— Standing vymph with chiton and coat to the left a flaming altar over which she holds one in her right hand bowl holds; behind her Aranich. Circle. Rs. ENTEA above, An in small writing below a standing Bull with a bearded human face to the right. In section Fish. Circle. Berlin (m. p.)

28 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER 64. P. 13.— Likewise, without the crane. Rev. AA3ZTW3 above. Taurus too. Berlin (m. S.).— Za/e/ II N. 22. Similar literature: Torremuzza plates XXIX 1 and 2 (poor illustration): Neumann, number vet. I plate Il 6; Cat. Brit. Mus. 60, I and 2nd Mus. Naples n. 4252 with ENTEAAIN|NN Seemed like a fake to me. Nymphs as sacrificial city goddesses are a common image on coins Sicilian cities. ' The crane on No. 63 confirms the interpretation of Type as a nymph, and since this represents the local goddess, she is also identical with the eponymous Zntella, wife of Aigestes, son of River God's crime fiction. EARIVER A similar sacrificial scene to that of the coins of Terina, Entella, Henna, Himera, Motya and Segesta can be found on liters of Eryx.? The goddess does not differ significantly in costume and gestures of those libidinous nymphs (cf. Himera); the assumption that Here, too, the Orcis nymph is represented, not the Erycinian Aphrodite. is therefore probably the correct one. 65. P. 12.— Standing Vyrzpre in chiton and cloak from the front, head to the left, the right with a bowl over a flaming altar Left raised. Rs. Tracking dog to the right. Pkr. Berlin. — 7aje/ II No. 23. The heads of the didrachms and silver litres, one from the front cat. Brit. Mus. 62.4, others in. Profile-a. a. 0.63, 14, L-B Monnor2173 16-18 plates VIII 265 and 19 plates A 20, numbered journal. XVIII (1886) 237, 2-4 Taf, VI1-3, and “Holm. Gesch’ Sie III? Tar- VII Free similar to those of the nymphs of Segesta, Panormos and Motya; here However, the one from the front, the most ancient, probably refers to Aphrodite. be hen. I See Holm, Gesch. Sicily III £577. ? Landolina, Illustr. stor. sulle mon. dell’ant. Sicilia 1872, 74. Plate II 1-5; Cat. Brit. Mus. 62, 6-9 Fig.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 29 GBEIDA Nymph types have not yet been recorded on Geloian coins. been made known. However, it is very likely that the Tetradrachms shown Woman holding the human-headed bull wreathed !, and the head with Sphendone on gold coins °, both with called £NEIMONIE, the protective goddess from Gela to interpret, and these, as contemporary coins often testify, is identical to the local nymph. In this case it is assumed that Swolnolıs is the nickname of the nymph and city goddess, “the one of the city “Welfare bestows,” nothing counteracts it.” The name the-nymph We are unable to prove this; because Attvn, mother of Gelon, eponym of Gela, is probably not under consideration here pull *. The following delicate coin from Gela also comes into consideration. 66. Br. 14.— FEANI1,QNo. Female head with wreath of ears, earrings Hanging and collar from the front, slightly tilted to the right. Pkr. Back: bearded head with wreath of wheat to the left. Pkr. Brit. Museum (cat. 74, 77). — Plate II N. 24. It's not Demeter and Zeus that shine here, but Vymphe and to be depicted as a river god, both wreathed with ears of grain and bearing grain. to indicate the wealth of the area through which the Gelas flows. This one Interpretation of the male head also results from the fact that on simultaneous coins do the same wreathed bearded picture tinted appears ° and that on the head of the youth River God Other bronze coins are almost always a symbol of the Fertility, a grain of grain is buried®. The head from the front but is identical to that of the Mesma (No. 37) and can therefore also seen here as an image of a nymph. ! Num. Chron. 1883 Plate IX 4; Holm, Ges. Sic. III 591, 74 plate II 10. ? Evans, Syrac. Med. 1892, 99, 7 illustrations; Holm a.a. O. 624, £154. 3? Usener, names of gods 174; cf. 378. 4 Steph. Byz. s.v. T'£la. 5 Cat. Brit. Mus. Sic. No. 60 and 75. 27 A244. 0243,.0632069,

30 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER r Finally, there is a geloic silver litra, the front of which side shows a head with sphendone, earrings, collar and is also decorated with an ear of wheat and its inscription EYNOMIA is. This name could be an adjective, like Zwoinolus, referring to the city goddess, as the one “who belongs to the legal order” tion helps”. As other examples prove, the ear of corn forces jewelry by no means leads to the assumption of a Demeter head. HENNA 67. P. 15.—Demeter with a flaming torch in her right hand in one Quadriga walking to the right. Pkr. Rs. HEWWAI r., OW ]. Standing VympAhe in long chiton and Coat, the ends of which fall over both arms, from the front, head to the left, in the right a flaming torch above the altar holding, stretching the left side to the side. Pkr. Mus. Naples No. 4249. — Tajel II No. 25. Cat. Brit. Mus. 58.1 m. Fig. The interpretation of this by Wieseler with great imagination and kind of reservations discussed Coin images * offers in reality no particular difficulties. Since the front is the one looking Demeter is depicted, the female goddess is not on the back. who is to be expected, nor the wanted daughter with a torch. The illustration of the back simply shows one of the already mentioned, on coins from the 5th century BC. BC not rare sacrificial scenes, in in which the libertine appears as a nymph personifying the place - can be grasped. The torch that the nymph holds here instead of the bowl and which is apparently intended for lighting the altar, could in this respect for example, as a symbol of the Demeter cult, as the nymphs as goddesses nen of growth were connected to Demeter. In Salinas Collezione number. Pennisi 1871,17 N. 9 is a presumed Lich late bronze coin of Henna recorded as its type ! Millingen, Inc. coins 29 plate II 10: Holm a.a.O. 670, 381. ° Müller's memorial. (3) II 70 plate IX 105. Cf. Overbeck, Greek. Art myth. II 659, Tara

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 31 Hermes head and a seated figure with Zydria are indicated. According to this attribute, it could be the case here if the fi- gur is female, also a nymph. HIMERA 68. P. 25.—MENOV. Pelops with goatee, driving quill in his right hand and reins in the left upright in a biga at the walk to the right. In the section palm branch with date bunch?) Pkr. Rs. AA3MI r. Standing nymph Himera in a sleeveless chiton and coat from the front, head to the right, with the right hand Spreading out his coat, his left hand raised, as if waving. Friedlander, Berl. Sheet I 1863, 137 plate V. 4. Here 7a/d ll N. 26. L-B. Monnaies grecques 21, 32 plate B 3. Weber, Num. Chron. 1892, 186, 2 plate XV 2. Gabrici, Topogr. e number. dell’ant. Imera (2) 1894, 46 62/3 plates. Dr 9122. Seltmann, Z. £. N. XIX 1895, 166 plate III 2. Holm, Ges. Sicily 595 87 plate III 4. 69. P. 21.— IMERAIOM in section. Naked rider, driving spike in the left, from which the horse galloping to the left jumps off gend. Pkr. Rs. ZOTHR r. Zimera in short-sleeved chiton and coat from standing in front, head to the left, the left raised, in the right holding the bowl over an al/ar; attached to the right Herald's staff with taenia. Weber, Num. Chron. 1892, 187, 3 plate XV 3. Sabrıcı.a.2.0.52, 70 Plate VII 10. Seltmann, Z.£. N. XIX 1895, 166, 4 plate III 4, cf. Kinch, ibid. 142. v. Sallet, Z. f. N. XXI 1898, 200. Brolm a2: 021110596, 89-Tar-LII>3. In trade. — 7ajel II N. 27. For illustrations of other similar didrachms, see Gabrici plate VII 11, 12, VIII 2; Macdonald, Mus. Hunter I Plate XIV I and others.

32 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER 70.°S. 27.-— WOIA93MI i. A. Quadriga walking to the right, the leader crowned by Nike. Pkr. . Rev. Standing ZZimera in front of the altar as on N. 69; right in a pool of water standing to the right, which is made up of water on the chest of the lion's head of the healing fountain lets flow. In the field r. above grain grain, i. A. Fish. Cat. Brit. Mus. Sicily 79, 34 illustrations; Gardner, Types Plate VI 2; here Zafel II. N. 28. Gabrich Lats 1x2 Holm plate IV 14. Further varieties of tetradrachms: Head, Guide (2) Plate XVI 17; Gardner, Types Plate II 18; A. Evans, Syrac. Medallions plates 1, 2; Gabrici TattV Il - IX 7 ZEN N DSTE Reel A head of the nymph from the front, replica of the Kimon Arethus type, made by Evans ibid p. 70 plate III 7 and Gabrici a. O.ELar X Sbekanne Weber referred the epithet ZOTHR to the didrachms, two- fielding, on Zermes, Gabrici on /Zerakles, Seltmann, who carries the herald's staff thought to be the serpent's staff of Asclepius, on As#lepios, and the latter explained this one and the one with supposedly IATON! designated coins as votive gifts intended for the healing god. As already stated in response to a message from me, Weber a.a.O. 187, Gabrici 56 note 190 and Kinch, the latter completely agreeing, indicated, owtmno does not designate someone with the epithet (dem Herald's staff) to be brought into relationship with God, but like everywhere else Explanatory captions can be found on the picture shown. That the- The fact that there is a woman on the Himeraic coins cannot cause any offense excite, because especially in the classical period under consideration here - and sometimes later - the same form ootneo at the same time the one used for Feminina.” So Zwrno is here too certainly as an epithet of the fountain nymph, on the other hand, on an un- ! According to Macdonald, Num. Chron. 1898, 185 f. and Cat. Hunter I 188, 12 plate XIV 1, the reading IATON in 93TO2 would have to be corrected. ? Aesch. Agam. Kirchhoff 642; Soph. Oed. rex, Nauck 81, Philoct. 1471; Eur. Med. Kirchhoff 360, El. 993 C.I. Gr. n. 5954.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 33 Dangerous coin from Galaria at the same time, for that of Zeus. On one The nickname of Himera cannot be attributed to a political event; he was attributed to the nymph as a savior from illnesses the healing power of the thermal baths, of which she was the personification. The following anepi- to count graphe litra. 71.8. 13.—Leaping boar to the left. Back: Standing /Vymph in chiton and outer garment from the front, head to the left, in her right a jug, which she holds next to a lion head (fountain) pours out, the left hand raised. In the field 1. Ge- cereal grain. L-B. Num. Magazine 1886, 241.3 plate VI 8; here Zaje II N. 29. There are also anepigraph copper coins with this nymph form and the standing Heracles, balls on each side as valuables sign, cf. Torremuzza plate XXXVII 9; Landolina, illustration. sturgeon. sulle mon dell ant. Sic. 1872, £105 Plate VI 1,2, 8-12. The nymph's head can be found L-B. N. Z. 1886, 2 plate VI 7 with OAAMM? and Gabrici a.a.O. Plate IX 10 (with Sphendone) and on following copper coin. 72. Br. 16.— ©OEPMITAN r. Head of the youth /Zerakles with lion- fell to the right. Reverse: head of the nymph to the right, with earrings and collar, the hair is wrapped three times with a band; in front or crescent moon behind. Pkr. Brit. Mus. Cat. 83, 4 illustrations M. S. Gabrici 95, 125 plate I 5; here 7a/Z II N. 30. It is noteworthy that the crescent moon is sometimes also next to the Profile heads of the nymph Mesma occur. The Thermai coins with the group of nymphs continue to expand find mention below. i Cat. Brit. Mus. Sicily 64, 1 illustration; Holm 603, 118 plate II 3; Gardner, Types Plate II 1, 2 5 j6)

34 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER KAMARINA The head of Kamarina, daughter of Oceanus and nymph of Lake of the same name and the city, will appear on coins soon Profile with Sphendone, Neck and ear jewelry, or with Sch2// be- wreath, soon from the front, modeled on Arethusa, with or without frills to the side. She is in full figure, with a clothed or naked upper body. body supported on the back of a swan. As one Merging the Nymph with Nike is perhaps the one above representatives of the lake, a swan, floating goddess on with which the old crudely executed silver liters of the city are shaped. ! There have been repeated attempts to find the swan maiden instead of the Nymph of the place, referring to Aphrodite.” Just the unique thing interpreting the coin image based solely on remotely similar vase images, doesn’t work well here.” The coins guide us in most desirable clearly presents a naiad as a local personification, which is represented by the Inscriptions of the head and the group are referred to as KAMAPINA. She is not in the same terms as Aphrodite of erotes or doves accompanied by floating in the air, but calmly and with refreshing blown by the air, it glides over the waves, left or right- looking around over the lake and surrounded by its fish Celts that do not appear to be dolphins, but freshwater fish. Examples 73. P. 20.—Aamarina's head from the front, a little]. turned, with flowing flowing hair, wide band over the forehead, earring and Collar. ! Salinas, Mon. di Sic. Plate XVI 27-31; Cat. Brit. Mus. Sicily 33, 3 illustrations; Gardner Type. Plate II 3; Holm, Ges. Sicily III Plate II 1.—A small lake or pond symbolizes also lized the swan of the Terinean coin, where the nymph the jug at the spring fills see plate II 13. ? Benndorf, Greek. and Sicil. Vase pictures 75f.; Kalkmann, Aphrodite on the swan, Year I 1886, 231 f. 3 The Cyziken stater, the Benndorf op. cit. 77 note 392 after Stephani, and this one according to Rev. num. 1856 Plate II 7 shows, instead of a repetition of the Camarinean Coin image Triptolemos in a team of winged dragons. See Greenwell, Electron coinage of Cyzicus 53 plate I 17.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 35 Rs. KAM 1. [APi]r. below. Floating vice left, Tänie in the right, in the l. Poor herald's staff. Drachma. Brera. Coll. Billoin 1886 plate I 182. 74. P. 18.—Head also, without band, between two. Rs. Likewise. Drachma. Cat. Brit. Mus. Sicily 39, 20 Fig. A. Evans, Syria. medallions plate III 9; here Zajel II N. 31. 75.8. 17.— KAMAPIN 1. A r. Head of Aamarina with Sphendone, Earring and necklace on the left; including two bushes. Rs. Nike floating to the right, with the right the dress raising, around 1st arm round shield; in the field r. Olive branch with leaf and fruit. Hemidrachm. Cat. Walcher plate II 379; here Zajel II N. 12. Num. Chron. 1890 Plate XIX 2. Similar on silver liters: L-B. Berl. Sheet V 1870 plate LIII 6, cat. Brit. Mus. 38, n. 21, 24. 76. 8. 16.— E|Y Head of Aamarina wreathed with reeds and earring Hanging and collar decorated, facing left. Rev. [KA]MAPINAIQN under flying Pegasus to the left. Vienna. Eckhel Syll. Plate II 9; here 7aje II N. 33. This three liter piece is after recovery of the city minted by Timoleon, and Syracuse coins (cf. Combe, Mus. Hunter plate 53, 23, Head, Coinage of Syracuse plate VI 10) recreated. 77. 8. 23.—Head of the horned Hipparis from the front, slightly to the left inclined, EYAl on the neck, 1st and r. one fish each; the whole of surrounded by a circle of waves. Rs. KAM|API|NA. The nymph Aamarina with a naked top body sitting between the raised wings of a swan, Head to the left, the r. Arm wrapped around the swan's neck, holding the arch-shaped peplos with his left hand.

36 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER The swan, head bowed, glides over waves to the left; a fish underneath and on the right in the field. Didrachm. Combe, Mus. Hunter plate 14, 9; Cat. Brit. Mus. 36.16; A. Evans, Syria. Medallions plate VII 11; Head, Guide(2) Plate XVI, 18; M. S., Holm, Gesch. Sicily III Ta£ VT2 78. P. 22.— KAMAPINAIO|N. Head of the horned Hipparis with a bandage left; including VA (). Rs. KAMAPINA. Similar group, the nymph's head to the right, just a fish among the waves. Didrachm. Cat. Brit. Mus. 37.18 Fig. — 7afe/ II N. 34. Löbbecke, Z.f£. N. XXI plate VIII 4. 79. 8. 25.— zıgarını head of the horned hipparis to the left between two fish. Rs. KAMA|PIWAIQ|Y. Similar to group N. 77 without shafts, the nymph is dressed in the sleeved chiton, the swan with it head held high. De Luynes— Za/d ll N. 35. See Cat. Brit. Mus. 37, 17 with AMISA[MAN] and 3 fish. Other varieties: de Luynes, Choix plate VII 3; Rev. num. 1864 Plate XV 6; Weil, artist inscriptions plate II 6, 9; Cat. de Lassalle 1877 Taf-T 170 STRENGTH AHNGA 80. P. 12.—Head of a mymp/he with sphendone on the left. Pkr. Rs. KATAWAINY,. Shocker bull to the right; in the section Shrimp. Cat. Brit Mus. 50, 49. Torremuzza, Siciliae vet. num. Plate XXI 16. 81. Br. 27.— Head of a mymph with reed wreath, earring and neck band to the left. Pkr. Rs. KATANAINN 1. A. Standing bull with bearded human face to the left.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 37 Munich, cf. Torremuzza plate XXIII 13; Macdonald, Mus. Hunter I 173, 18 plate XII 19 with supposed head of Amena nos, what female jewelry speaks against. 82 Br. 20.—--Likewise. Back: Standing owl to the left. Munich. — 7aj/el II N. 36. Maybe is here, as in Aitne, the nymph of that name to accept. MESSANA The female heads of the Messanic coins differentiate into those who represent the personified city, Messana, and those who represent the nymph Pelorias. The former, the hair with oneself crossing bonds decorated, ' comes also as a driver the Multierbiga with the inscription MEZZANA on tetradrachms.' With the image of Pelorias, which is the headland north of Messana embodied, tetradrachms, drachmas and copper were minted, some examples of which here. 83. P. 27.— Multierbiga inı gallop to the left, the leading messana (?) crowned by Nike; in the ear section. Rs. MEZZANION. Jumping /ase to the right ; underneath head the Vymphe with Sphendone, ear pendant and collar right- to; before the same TEANPIAE and underneath there are traces of one artist name. In the field 1. cereal grain, r. Aamm-or Cockle. Pkr.. Mus. Syracuse. A. Evans, Syria. Medallions 187 Plates X 3* and 3”. 84. Br. 19. — MEAQPIAZ 1. Head of the vymph with sphendone, earring Hang and collar on the left between two dolphins. Pkr. ! Torremuzza plate L 8; Cat. Brit. Mus. Sicily 106, 66, 67. Berlin, here Zafel II N. 37. 2 1.-B. Mon. grecques plate B. 5; Holm, Ges. Sic. III plate IV 15. 3 Also a gold coin with the heads of Pelorias (reverse: prancing horse and trident above) is said to exist: Salinas, Coll. num. Pennisi 1871, 22 N. 16.

38 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER Rs. MEZZANIN. Trident between shell 1]. and ongoing Rabbits r. Mus. Hunter, Combe Plate 37, 10, Macdonald I Plate XIV 20. M. S.—7afel II N. 38. 85. Br. 19. — TEAQPIAZ above. Head of the nymph with a wreath of reeds, Sphendone and earring to the right; in front of it two dolphins, behind th mussel. Rev. CET|zA|NINN above. Trident with palmettes between the Jags, grip between two dolphins. Berlin (m. p.). Other varieties Fox, Greek coins I plate IV 34; Cat. Brit. Mus. 107, 20872) The shell, which appears as an emblem on this group of coins, can perhaps be seen as a talking coat of arms, neiwets (giant clam). sen. In this case, of course, under neAwotg there could not be a tri- dacna gigas, but just a scallop or cockle of about normal size. | 86. Br. 14.—Head of the vymph with a broad band to the right. Circle. Rev. Jumping hare to the left; including three ounce marks. The whole thing in a laurel or oil wreath. In trade. —7a/. II N. 39. Ramus, Mus re2Dan.1 75, 7. A simultaneous hexas shows the head instead of the nymph's head Pan.” These small copper coins are therefore marked with the head type pen stamped on the tetradrachms as a symbol under the Rabbits appear. Since on these (N. 83) the female head appears as Pelorias is referred to, so is the interpretation of the head of the Triassic to refer to the same goddess. I See A. Evans ibid. 189. ? Salinas a.a.0. 22 and 24.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 39 87.8. 19.--TENQPIAZ 1. Head of the vymph with earring and collar left, hair wreathed with bows; including dolphin. Pkr. Rs. dEPAIM|NN I. Pheraimon naked, helmeted, to the right out- striding, spear in right hand, round shield on first arm. Pkr. Löbbecke. — Plate III N. 1. Cat. Brit. Mus. 106, 59 fig. and 58 variety. Macdonald, Mus. Hunter I Plate XIV 18. The head of Pelorias is not as shown in both catalogs. give, with ears of corn, but garlanded with reeds. 88, Br. 24.— MEAQPIAZ r. head as well; in front of it two dolphins. Pkr. Rs. MEZZANIQN r. Pheraimon as well, but seen from the back to the left and with chlamys on the first arm. Circle. Cat. Allier plate I 18. Holm, Ges. Sic. III plate VII 15, here 7ajel III N. 2. Without inscription on the front and on the back Nike in Biga right-hand there. Combe, Mus. Hunter plate 37, 11. AVOID This city is said to be named after Morön, a woman who lived with Heracles relationship stood, be named. Same as the eponyms of other cities can design this woman found on the coins of Motye has to be counted among the nymphs. Examples 89. 8. 21.— Head of the nymph, without decoration, to the right; behind it sheet. Rs. WOIA|YTOM. Standing dog to the right. Pkr. Didrachm. Florence. — 7ajell UI N. 3. 90. 8. 22.— MOTV... head of the nymph to the right, the hair on back of head tied in a tuft; behind it, shrimp. Rs. Likewise, without writing; over the dog grain. Pkr. Didrachm. A. Evans. — Zafel II N. 4.

40 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER Varieties: Cat. Brit. Mus. 116, 4 figs.; 243, 3 illustrations; L-B. Num. Magazine 1886 Plate VII 1-4; Holm, Ges. Sic. III plate IV 9, VIII 20. 91. P. 28.— Head of the vymph with hair net, ear pendant and neck tied to the left between four dolphins. Circle. Rs. Crab. Tetradrachmon. Sir H. Weber. 7aje/ III N. 5. A. Evans, Syria. Medallions plate II 6; cf. II 7 with head on the right- there and Punic inscription. Macdonald, Mus. Hunter I Plate XV 5. 92. P. 22.— Head of the Vyrnphe with band over the forehead and necklace from the front, slightly inclined to the right, surrounded by six del- phinen. Circle. Rs. £Y1f) below. Crab; above it fish to the right circle. Didrachm. Cat. Brit. Mus. 244, 8 Fig. ArEyvans 2.2 BALTIC SEA 93. P. 12.— Likewise, without dolphins. Rs. Likewise. Litra. In trade.— 7a/e/ III N. 6. “ A. Evans a.a.O. Plate III 10, without fish at Rs. 94. P. 13.— Head of the /Vyrzphe to the right in a single-line leaf- wreath. Rs. Y% 1. Standing NVymph in chiton to the right in front of one Altar with two steps, the right raised to face height, in the left branch. On the left in the cockle field. Litra. 1.-B. Num. Magazine 1886, 255, 6 plate VII 5 (de Luynes); Kier- 7/2, III IN; Brit. Mus. Num. Chron. 1890, 314, 5 plate XIX 3.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 41 NAKONE 95. Br. 18.— NAKONAION r. Head of a vymph to the right, with ear hung and collar, the hair from a band fourfold wrapped around. Rev. Dionysus with naked upper body sideways on a mouth animal sitting walking to the left, Kantharos in the right, in the 1. Arm of Thyrsos. Three balls in the field. Circle. Berlin. — 7afel UI N. 8. Mionnet Suppl. I Plate XI 11. Streber, Baier. Coin box 1. Cont. Plate III 36. Cat. Brit. Mus. 117, 1 fig. An ounce coinciding with this triad shows the same Head and a billy goat: I.-B. Mon. grecques 25, 45; de deer, Num. Chron. 1883 Plate IX 8; N.Z. 1886, 256 f. PANORMOS The local nymph, whose head is on the Greek didrachms from Panormos of the 5th century BC. Ch. appears in a varied hairstyle, cannot be named because it is derived from an eponymous goddess the city name is not suitable and depends on the founding legends of Panoramic Nothing is known yet. Illustrations older Types with the declining inscription MAVOPMITIKOW: Landolina a.a.O. Plate VII 13, L-B. Z.f. N. III Act. VI 2, Holm a.a.O. Plate IV 7, cat. Brit. Mus. 121, 2 (with Sphendone) Fig. — of the younger guys with MAWOPMO&: I-B. Berl. Sheet V 1870 Plate LIV 19, Mus. Naples n. 4681. Examples 96. P. 22.—Head of the nymph with a bandage to the left. Rev. PJAWO|PMO& Standing dog to the right. Pkr. Didrachm. Berlin (m. S.).— 7afe UI N. 9.

42 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER 97.5. 22.— Head of the vymph with wavy hair and shrimp like Motya Plate III N. 4. Rs. same stamp. Didrachm. Torremuzza plate IV 5. Kat#Brit Mus21 2%, The head of a tetradrachm is also of the last type by Panormos, auction cat. Deer XVIII plate XXX 2262. SEGESTA There is neither a type nor a synıbol of the Segestan coins Greek times point to the cult of Aphrodite, nıan can probably assume that that the female heads of the rich coinage of the 5th century v. Without exception, the eponymous of the city, Segesta, wife of River God's crime fiction. For illustrations please refer to Torremuzza plates LXII-LXIV, Auct. I Plate VI 1, 2,4, Auct. II Plate>V 1; Mus. Hunter Combe Dr 47, 20-21, 48, 1-6, Macdonald I Plate XV 14-18; Millingen, Syll. Plate I 12; de Luynes, Choix plate VII 9; Salinas, sul tipo de tetra- drammi di Segesta 1871 plate I; Cat. Brit. Mus. Sicily 133 f.; head, Guide (2) Plate IX 32, XVII 31; Gardner, Types Plate II 31; L-B. Num. Magazine 1886 Plate VII 9-13; A. Evans, Syria. Med. Plate I 4; Cat. Walcher 1895 Plate III 534 (the head with a bandage that alternates with decorated with crosses and pearls), 539 f.; Holm, Ges. Sic. III plate. II 13-15, IV 11,-VIII 21, as well as on our plate III N. 10-22 Examples 5/98/23—Segesta's head to the right; the hair, punctured through Lines depicted is of a wreath with upwards Wrapped in leaves. Rev. Standing dog facing left, head bowed; in the section Ge- cereal grain. Pkr. Above the dogs traces of the declining inscription. Didrachm. Copenhagen. N. Z. 1886, 261, 3 plate VII 9.—- plate II N. 10.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES’ 43 8/99/22—4|IIATS$33 Head of the Segesta to the right, with decorated Tie, earring and two collars. Rr. ZATEZIAIIB (see above) over dog to the right, head forward. Didrachm. In trade. — Zay/el II N. 11. 8/100/23— qITAT33133 left. Head of Segesta with bandage, earring and collar on the left. Back: standing dog to the left; above it mussel (Tritonium nodi- ferum). Pkr. Didrachm. Munich. — Zafel III N. 12. 101. P. 22.— Head as well. Back: Standing dog to the left. Pkr. Didrachm. Mus. Winterthur. — Zajel III N. 13. The heads of the four didrachms N. 95 - 101 are archaic, with the eye from the front. 102 p. 23. — IB &E r.,

44 105. 106. 108. F. IMHOOF-BLUMER P. 24.-— ETE£TAION r. Head of Segesta.right; behind ivy sheet. Back: dog on deer head to the right; male head above (of the crime novel?) to the right. Pkr. Didrachmon, Copenhagen. — 7aje/ II N. 17. P. 25. Head of Segesta with decorated sphendone to the right. Rev. Same as n. 104, with IAT23133 on the board. Pkr. Didrachm. Munich et al. S. . 9. 28.—Same stamp. Rs. ETEETAINN 1. Standing naked crime scene with a pointed hat in the neck and chlamys over the l. Arm to the right, the raised bene 1. Foot on a boulder, the right hand on the back, the Left, with two shouldered knotted hunting spears, on the 1st. knees leaning; at his feet two greyhounds, one at sniffing the ground, the other looking out; in front of the group bearded herm to the left. Pkr. Tetradrachmon. Löbbecke.— 7a/e/ III N. 18. Cat. Bunbury Plate III 376. P. 28.— ZELEZTAIIB r. Head of Segesta with Sphendone, earrings hang and collar to the right; including ear of corn. Rs. Same stamp. Tetradrachnion. Berlin (m. S.) Holm plate IV 11.— 72/%/ III N.19. 5/109/32—ETEZZTAIOV]. Standing naked and horned criminal misos on the right, with robe on the left. Arm and boots, the 1st Leg on the boulder, the right on the back, the left with it two shouldered hunting spears under the chin; at his |. Side standing greyhound to the right. Pkr. Rev. Standing Seges/a in double chiton and cloak from the front, head to the left, pouring out in the right bowl over the altar, in the lowered right branch. Vike flying to the right to the left, crowning the nymph's head. Tetradrachmon. De Luynes Vs. Holm Plate IV 12.— 7a%l III N.20.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 45 110. P. 13.— Head of the nymph from the front, tilted to the left, between two laurel branches that form a wreath. Rs. WOI|AT|3373. Standing dog facing left; above Gorgo- neion, left shell. Litra. Berlin (m. p.),— Zaf III N. 21. 111. P. 14.— £EFEETALIB over the head of the vymph from the front. Pkr. Back: standing dog to the left, above it a wheel with seven spokes. Litra. Berlin (m. S.)— Zaje III N. 22. Later, on copper coins of the Roman period, the head of the se- Gesta the usual Tychetype, with veil and tower crown.' SELINUS 112. P. 18.—[A3]loA3MV4v3. Head of the nymph Zurymedosa with broad the tie on the left; behind it fields or crane to the right. Pkr. Rs. 30WI1n33 Young head of Selinos with bull horn and bull's ear to the left; behind it ivy leaf. Cat. Brit. Mus. Sicily 141.38 illustrations; Head Hist. num. 148, Holm III £594—7ajel III N.23. 113. 8. 12. Nymph with sphendone, chiton and cover on one boulder sitting to the left, with the left hand raised backwards Pulling the folds of the throw over your head, the pre- stretched his right hand on the body one in front her erect ones laying a snake with its bearded head against the nymph phe invades. Above Eppichblatt. Circle. Rev. &ENINOE& above. Standing bull (Selinos) with bearded man faces to the right; in the fish section to the right. Circle. 1.-B. Benndorf, Metopes of Selinunte 77, 32; 81; Holm III plate. IV 8_— 7ajeL ll N. 24, 114. P. 12.— Likewise, without Eppichblatt. The mymph, with naked Upper body, place the left hand on the right. chest, against the a snake invades. Pkr. ı Holm a. a.O. 713, 609 and 610.

46 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER Rs. £EA|INO | N| TION. Same type; carpet sheet above. l.-B. a. a. O. 77, 34.—Plate III N. 23. The previous illustrations of the two liters and their variants Tens are usually bad or insufficient: Torremuzza did. LXVI 6-9; Eckhel D. n. I plate IV 4; Pellerın, Rec. III Taf CXTez Combe Mus. Hunter plate 48, 27; Nerd, About the bull with men face plate n. 8, 9; Lloyd, Num. Chron. X Fig. 2. Holm a.a.O©. 595 is undoubtedly right, the previous interpretations gen of the types of the two liters! to be rejected, and the image of women to be identified with the Eurymedosa of the drachma. That's more difficult To explain the snake and its relationship to the nymph. Several depictions are known on coins in which: Snakes approaching a girl, woman or goddess, e.g. in Macedonia the snake at the Olympia lying on the bed Pias,” in the Corinth colony behind the seated nymph Peirene - erected snake, presumably as a guardian of the spring, ? in Prian sos (see below) who are sitting in front of a rough person sitting next to a palm tree erecting serpent, in Parion a serpent that wraps itself around the body one sitting on a rock, apparently naked /7azx winds, * in Etenna a snake resting on a girl scooping water rushes off;? only the Selinuntian image seems to emerge from these representations positions of a later time cannot be sufficiently explained. As The snake of the nymph, who is the personification, is likely to be the guardian of the spring who is from that guarded source, do not approach in love, and as a river god (Hypsas) is not the snake here for that reason to understand how this one appeared on the same coins in the shape of a bull appears. Asclepius in the form of a snake is also omitted for the time consideration; because the Sicyonic legend in Pausanias II 10, 3 and that Image of the Pius® medallion does not justify the assumption that ' cf. I-B. a.a. O. 81 f.; Overbeck, Greek. Art myth. II £668. Plate IX 27. ®? I.-B. Monn. grecques 61, 3 illustrations; Gaebler, Coins of Northern Greece III Plate IV 35. ® Inıhoof and Gardner, Comm. on Pausanias 23, 24 plate F 107. * Sestini, Deser. 282, 13 plate VII 3; Millingen, anc. coins plate V 10; Müller, Denkm. (3) II 98. The dolphin is uncertain and is missing from the specimens I know of. 5 1.-B. Coins of Asia Minor II 3069, 4-9 plates. XIII 3-7, 9. ° Grueber, novel Medallions Plate VIII 3; Froehner, Medallions de !’ empire Ro- main 53.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 47 that the mild healing god had intercourse with goddesses or mortals have gene. It therefore seems that the only explanation for the snake is: Healing snake remains, which are located on Selinuntian didrachms 'winds around the altar in front of the sacrificial river god Hypsas. On one of these pieces, ! which probably comes from the same stamp cutter like the Litra n. 114, instead of winding around the altar, it appears in front of this sem exactly as erected as in the literary picture. If only the presentation If this one litra were present, the idea would be to have one Snake feeding obvious; this opinion alone seems the group on N. 113 to object. That nymphs, by the way were also worshiped as healing goddesses, as the coins bear witness to Metaponto and Himera. SYRAROSATI The female heads of the Syracuse coins of the 5th and 4th centuries. v. As a rule, attributes peculiar to certain deities are missing are and show them. In this respect these head types are similar "Other Sicilian and Italian cities that we already know; they are like to interpret these as representations of a nymph, here Arethusa.” If contrary to this assumption, C. Jörgensen tried to head to refer to Artemis, * I can therefore accept this interpretation not to be connected because, as already noted, not one of the numerous rich head types from the 5th and the first half of the 4th century “ ! Löbbecke Collection, here 7afel III N. 20. ? A photograph from Litra N. 114, enlarged approximately four times, shows this perfectly It is clear that the nymph is touching her right breast with her thumb and index finger spread below, handing it, as it were, to the snake aiming at it. 8 The number and diversity of Arethusa types allow this not, of these one complete list with illustrations to give here. I will therefore limit myself to: the pictorial demonstration of some of the main types and also refer to the excellent ones Collotype plates in Yead, History of the coinage of Syracuse 1874, A. Evans, Syracusan Medallions 1892 (S.-A from Num. Chron. 1890 and 1891), A. Holm, History of Sicily Vol. III 1898, A. du Chastel, Syracuse, ses monnaies d’argent et d’or 1898, Sherman - Benson Anc. gr. coins II 1902 Plate V-VIII, All, Coins of ancient Sicily 1903. * Festschrift on I. L. Ussing, Copenhagen 1900, 117-143 Taf, VIII. See Percy Gardner, the Types of Greek coins 89 and 128, where it is said that Artemis was probably Pelagia iden- table with Arethusa.

48 F. IMHOQF BLUMER entitled to do so. If the Syracusians had a goddess like the one on the... Ortygia worshiped Artemis and wanted to depict her on her coins this certainly through a specific, at most stylistically varying type, but not through heads with constantly changing hair. traditional costume and even with fashionable bandages (sometimes with fish and nen decorated), ! Nets and bags that correspond to the nature of Artemis contradict this. ? The Arethusa head is the only one decorated with a symbol archaic of the Damareteion and the similar tetradrachms and Obolen to describe.? This is wrapped with Zordeer,* a be- wreath, which, as we saw above, also includes some heads of the Kyme Nike and the Terina Nike. Since Arethusa, as it were was a personification of Syracuse, so it should not be surprising that after Gelon's great victory in 480 BC. The head of the nymph and city goddess was decorated with the symbols of victory and this appears as Aretkusa Nike. For a nymph's head, be it that of Arethusa, be it that of Kyane (which you might be able to tell from that one through the headdress I also consider the beautiful type to be different Scabbard crown, which Euainetos first introduced on the decadrachms. It was quite generally considered a representation of the nymph earlier; just since Salinas made the claim? the disease tongue does not consist of reed leaves, but rather from grain stalks, and therefore the head should be referred to Kora, # this also began interpretation to spread and to be preserved until now.” She proves herself but unfounded for the following reasons. From my coin type collection, which includes Demeter and Kora around two hundred head types are represented are, it goes as fixed ' Cat. Brit. Mus. 172, 188; 173, 190; Holm plate V 3; du Chastel n. 74, 75. ° Artemis only appeared as a Syracuse coin type around 300 BC. BC ® Head Plate I 10-12; Holm plate II 2; you Chastel’n. 24 and 140. * The leaves of the wreath are identical in shape and arrangement to those of the Apollon head of the simultaneous tetradrachms of the Leontine, Holm plate II 5, ° The tip of the test muliebrin nelle monete di Siracusa, Palermo 1873, “Incidentally, there are also known examples of nymph heads with wreaths of wheat, see Mesma, Gela above and Larisa below. " Regling, the Warren Collection 1906, 59 N. 357 £f., 67, 401 £. etc.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 49 shows that when the two goddesses were garlanded with fruit men the dsre is never missing, and where this appears to be the case, the The headdress is not a wreath of wheat, and neither is the goddess depicted Demeter is still Kora. The spikeless stalk is always reed or a similar aquatic plant, the picture garlanded with it, depending on it female or male, than that of a nymph or a juvenile little river god! to comprehend. This is not only taught by coins from Laos, Thurioi, Kamarina, Messana, Meliboia, Pherai, Opus,” Praisos among others, but also the consideration of two groups at approximately the same time Coins from Syracuse itself. One of these dates from a little before 400 to ca 350 B.C. BC and we find there alongside the new types of nymphs Euainetos, Cimon, etc. (see Head Plate IV and V, Holm Plate V) Heads of Demeter with tied up hair, ears of wheat, poppies and Oak leaf or acorn (Head plate III 14, Holm plate V 1,2, you Chastel plate VI 70,71). 2. The head of the Aora with long hair and ears of corn (Head Plate V 4, Holm plate V 14, du Chastel plate VIII 86). The other group, from the time of Agathocles, shows the /efzte Syracuse embossing with the nymph's head and this exclusive with a reed wreath (Head Plate VIII 4, Evans Plate VI 2, you Chastel plate VIII 96, IX 97); next to it on gold and copper . the head of Demeter with her hair and ear of wheat tied up (Head Taf VIII 3, 9-12). 2. on silver with the head of the aora with pincer hair and an ear of wheat (Head plate IX 1,2, Holm plate VI 14, du Chastel plate IX 101).° ı Cf. the coins from the rettier Berl. Bl.V 1870 p. 36, from ZHipponion 1.-B. Mon. grecques 8, 32 plate A 7, Akragas a.a.O. 15, 7 plate, A 16, Therai a.a.O. 34, 79 plate B 24, the Macedonians Cat. Berlin II 11, 23 ills., 14, 50 f., the ant. Coins North - Greeks]. III Plate I 22-24, from Amphipoliıs Cat. Berlin II 42, 72 and 46, 92 and 93 (incorrectly described here as Helios), the ent. M.N. Gr. III plate VIII 24, 25, IX 3, ? The female one Head of the Ossuntian coins, to which Salinas loc. cit. p. 9 refers Evidence for his claim, however, is usually pointed to Kora. Not alone One of these not rare coins shows the head with ears of corn, but always garlanded with reeds; this represents Dalıer, like the similar one of the Zvpereia in Pherai and like the Syracuse one The model is a nymph, the mother of Aias. Also see the Mara on coins from Pheneos. ’ Compare also the three copper coins N. 140 - 142. 4

50 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER On these coins, whose approximate simultaneity and common The three have the same origin as I would like to emphasize once again Goddesses characterized in such a way that they cannot possibly be considered variants of one Image of the Kora can apply.! Around 400 B.C. Chr. adopted Bekrän- type of tongue with ears of corn for Demeter and Kora, and with reeds for Arethusa or Kyane (Zafe IV N.3-5) we consistently find a hundred more Captured years later (Zafe/ IV.N.12 and 13, 17-19). The reeds Leaves really show a wider shape than the ear leaves, and The roots on the stalks are also different. Gradually became but fruit stalks and reeds are stylized in a rather uniform manner and The only difference was the base or absence of the ear. How customary it was, especially in Sicilian cities, to have coins Borrowing types from each other is well known. The most striking example There is probably Solus, which imitated Selinunte types most accurately. ? The nymph's head wreathed in reeds has also become a replica. serves, e.g. B. on copper from Kentoripai?® and on siculo - Punic silver; * the one with the net to those on coins from Motya°’ and Sieulo-Punic ® etc. When the Punians in Sicily removed the two head- types of the Syracuse decadrachms a role model for many When they took their stamps, they were left with the perception of these minds as Arethusa certainly alien; Presumably they intended a per- to represent the sonification of Sicily” and in the not rare cases, ' According to Agathocles, as I have already indicated, nymph types were not used more shaped, but often still with the traditional images of Demeter and Kora in gold, silver and copper. 27 7,-B. Berl Bla V TafsEıV. 20: ® Head Plate VII2 3. * Evans plates VII 2-4, 6, 7, VI 11, 12; Holm plate VIII 3, 9, 15. See also below Opus, Praisos, Roda. ö® Evans Plate II 5, 6 Cat. Brit. Mus. 245, 18. 8 Evans plate I'8, 9:11 7. Cat. Brit. Mus. £246. "On coins from Alaisa of the 4th century B.C. The head of Zıxekta comes with it Inscription before, Holm, Gesch. Sic. III 664, 352 f. Plate VII 10. A slightly different The head type, wreathed with myrtle branches, is also referred to the Sikelia, see above that of Adranon Cat. Brit. Mus. 4, 4 Fig. Alaisa a.a. 0. 27.1. Herbessos 1.-B. Mon. gr. 19, 25 plate A. 21, Evans, Num. Chron. 1894, 233 plate VIII 3. Morgantıa Brit. Mus. a.a. ©. 115, 10, Evans a.a.O. Plate VIII 2. These heads are not depicted as those of a nymph, but of a national personification. like the pictures of the Aitolia, Bithynia, Libya and others.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 51 where the head is decorated with ears of grain instead of reeds that fall on the fields Demeter, which occurs in the Thagues. As we will see, imitations of Sicilian nymphs have heads also took place in Greece and Asia Minor. Count du Chastel has over a hundred arenas on the tablets for 'Syracuse'. thusatypes, those of the tetradrachms in chronological order, together set. Therefore, as already said on page 47 note 3, it may suffice Gen, here is just a small selection of these copies for illustration bring and in the following list of coins on the Tables du Chastels and Holms, where the backs are also shown are to be referred. 115. P. 27. Head of Arethusa with bandage on the right, archaic style; AU CHHN. 3. Tetradrachmon. Vienna. — Zafel III N. 27. 71625825. — Likewise; you’ Ch. N. 10. | Tetradr. Berlin (m. S.).—Plate II N. 28. 117. P. 25.— Likewise, to the left; you Ch. N. 8. Tetradr. Berlin (m. p.).— Zajel III N. 29. 118. P. 27. Head of Arethusa Nike with laurel to the right in one circles; you Ch. N. 24. Tetradr. Berlin. — 7afel II N. 30. 119. P. 27.—Head of Arethusa with a crossing band to the right; du Ch. N. 44, Holm III 9. Tetradr. Berlin (m. p.) Zaf2 III N. 31. 120. P. 25.— Likewise, with a wide band; you Ch. N. 41, Holm III 12. Tetradr. Munich. — Zaje/ III N. 32. 121. P. 25.-— Likewise, with four-fold bandage; you Ch. N. 48, Holm III 17. Tetradr. M. S.— 7ajel III N. 33. 122. P. 27.— Likewise, with Cecryphalus; du Ch. N. 60, Holm III 13. Tetradr. du Chastel.— 7a/e/ IIIN. 34. 123. P. 30.— Likewise, with Sphendone; you Ch. N. 54, Holm III 15. Tetradr. Naples N. 5305.— Zafel III N. 35.

32 124. 128 126; F. IMHOOF-BLUMER P. 28.— Likewise, with hairnet; you Ch. N. 50, Holm II 16. Tetradr. Naples N. 5310.— 7a/e/ IV N. 1. P. 25. — Likewise, with fluttering hair and crossing each other Bind on the left side; you Ch. N. 69. Tetradr. Berlin (m. S.).— 7a/e/ IV N. 2. P. 37.—Likewise, wreathed with reeds; Evans V 12. decade Berlin (m. p.).— Zafel IV N. 3. . 5. 29.— Head of Demeter with ear of wheat, poppy and oak leaf left- to; below ®PYFINAOE ; you Ch. N. 70. Tetradr. Löbbecke — 72/ IV N. 4. . 5. 30.-- Head of the aora with long hair and ear of corn to the right; you Ch. N. 86, Holm V 14. Tetradr. de Luynes.— 7a/e/ IV N. 5. Other parallels of the nymph, Demeter and Kora show the N, 1352.17 30-unda]4Bfhrssid>. 129. 130. 1333 134. P. 30.-- Head of Arethusa from the front, fluttering hair, KIMQN on the forehead band, over the head APEDDEA, du'ChrN az Holm V 11. Tetradr. Munich. — 7a/e1 IV N. 6. P. 18.— Likewise, without writings. Rs. AEYKAFNIE, drachma. Sherman Benson. — 7a/el IV N. 7. . 5. 26.—Head of Arethusa with flowing hair and wider Bind on the left side; you Ch. N. 94; Holm V 13. Tetradr. Berlin (m. S.).— 72/2 IV N. 8. 2. G. 15.—Likewise, with Sphendone, this one decorated with stars; you Ch. N. 160, Holm V 5. 100 litres. Berlin.— 72/7 IV N. 9. P. 28.— Likewise, with net; you Ch. N. 95. Tetradr. Brit. Mus.—7; afel IV N. 10. Br. 18.— Likewise, with Sphendone. Cat. Brit. Mus. 188, 301.— 7a/e/ IV N. 11.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 53 135. P. 28.— Likewise, with reeds; you Ch. N. 97. Tetradr. Berlin (m. p.),— Zafel IV N. 12. 136. P. 26.— Head of the Aora with long hair and ears of wheat; behind it KOPAZ; you Ch. N. 101, Holm VI 14. Tetradr. of Agathocles. M.S.— Zajel IV N. 13. 137. P. 12.— Head of Arethusa with Stephane, earrings and neck band to the left. Rs. 2

54 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER 41. Br. 23.— £YPAKO&INN 1. Head of Demeter with ear of wheat and neck band left-hand ; torch behind. Rs. Shocker Taurus to the left; above AT and dolphin, i. A Dolphin. Berlin. — Zaj/el IV N. 18. 142. Br. 21.—£YPAKO&INN r. Head of Kora with ear of wheat, ear pendant and collar to the right; rear ear of corn. Rs. Biga galloping rather over lightning. M. S.— Zafel IV N. 19. The following pieces form a separate group. 143. G. 10.— £YPA in front of the head of a vyrnphe with a collar on the right- there. Circle. Rev. Decorated trident in a recessed square. 24 liters (?). L-B. Mon. grecques. 30 plates B. 14. HolmeNalsls kaEys du Chastel N. 151.— 7a/edl IV N. 20. 144. P. 27.— NNI3OXAIYY2 Head the same way, with a bandage over the forehead to the left; IM behind, three dolphins below; Circle. Head. V,3, you Ch. N. 98. Tetradr. Brit. Mus.— 7a/d IV N. 21. 145. P. 16.— £YPAKOEINN head the same way, to the right; above IM, right below dolphin. Circle. Rs. Quadriga left hind; above Nike crowning the handlebars; in the KIIM and Pilos section! Circle. Hemidrachm. Brit. Mus. 181, 233, Head V 8. Naples N. 5415 (Gr. 2,10).— Zajel IV N. 22. The letters IM can be found on the last two coins. You are not placed in such a way that they can easily be used as initials artist name, and seems to go against this view also the occurrence of the name KIM (wv) on the back of the hemidrachm ! The pilos is also the symbol of the drachma n. 130 with Leukaspis. a

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 55 to speak. Stand as an explanatory epithet of the goddess depicted However, the letters probably don't either, because epithets usually do appear advertised, and that on Syracuse coins, for example possible “IuaAis could only be interpreted as referring to Demeter. It therefore remains but only the current assumption, IM for the sign of to hold the die cutter of the heads. The proposal to place the female head of coins N. 143-145 on Ayane the nymph of the spring of the same name near the Anapos relate, there is nothing improbable; but could just as well Arethusa meant. The descriptions on coins of 7%erai and 7; et depict- posed nymphs follow below, ss nymph groups. NORTH GREECE ABDERA 146. P. 25.—Gryphon jumping up to the left. Rs. ANAJZIIMTON|IE around a line square in which the head a vymph with tied up hair on the left. Deepened square. Paris.— 7afel IV N. 23. In the head of this coin could be Addera, daughter of the nymph Cyrene and sister of the Thracian Diomedes are suspected. As an eponym of the city, it is referred to by Pomp. Mela 2:29 and Solin. 10.10 called. DIKAIA (at Abdera) 147. P. 15.—Head of a vymph without decoration, facing left. Rs. AI|K|AI|A. Bull's head with neck to the right. Recessed square. Brit. Museum.— 7aj/el IV N. 24.

56 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER SBERSHRORS 148. Br. 23.—Head of a mymph with broad bands, net and ear- hung on the left. Pkr. Rs. ZA r. Seated Demeter with Kalathos on a woven Basket to the left, two ears of grain in the right, the left on the seat supported; in front of her, bearded Herm to the right. Berlin. — 7afel IV N. 25. 149. Br. 20.—Head as well, without net. Pkr. Rs. ZHZTI r. Demeter as well; Club raised up in front of her and B. M. S.—Plate IV N. 26. Since the myth of Hero and Leandros is neither the story nor touched upon a cult in Sestos, it is unlikely that in pre-Roman During this time the image of the hero was used as a permanent coin type. The woman's head therefore probably represents the city's nymph. DIRATOPOEIS (Chalkidice) 150. Br. 16. — Head of a mymph with a wreath of reeds, ear pendants and Collar on the right. Pkr. Rev. AIKAl above, OTOA r. Standing cow to the right. Munich. — 7a/l/ IV N. 27. BASKET DA TER 151. P. 15.— O L, [A] r. Naked Poseidon on horseback to the right, in the On the right, holding the trident almost horizontally; between the Legs of the star horse. Pkr. Back: head of a vymph of archaic style with collar on the right- to; the hair tied into a point at the back of the head, are indicated by dotted lines. line square and slightly recessed square. Munich. — 7Za/e/ IV N. 28.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES DW 152. P. 15.—Poseidon as well; between the legs of the horse N. Rs. Likewise, without line square. Berlin (m. p.).— 7ajel IV N. 29. Other illustrations Cat. Brit. Mus. Macedon 100; Description ans. Coins (Berlin) I 123 plate. V50; ans. Coins North Gr. III plate. RR 21-27. A small copper coin from the 4th century BC. BC with TOTEI (Athens, Monument. dell’ Inst. VIII Plate 32.3 and Berlin a.a. ©. 124.6) shows the Nymph head with tufts of hair on the occiput and earrings. Millingen, Syll. 48 is undoubtedly right to head towards Pallene refer to which the peninsula on whose isthmus Potidaia was located was named. BIVIE NA 153. Br. 17.— Head of a vymph with a pearl band, ear pendant and Collar on the right. Case PYA 1, [NJAINN r. Standing owl to the right. Brit. Mus. Cat. 101, 4- 7afel IV N. 30. 12 HERE SISPAZLZILEZN Like the coins of Great Greece and Sicily also bring the Thessalians have a rich world of nymphs to look at. From this The nymph Zarzsa, whose figure can be seen, particularly stands out 5th century BC to the 3rd AD did not tire of changing to demonstrate len graceful positions. Friedlander, the ° Monthly range the K. Ak. d. W. 1878', 451 f. Plate II several delicate examples led, grabbed those at the well or busy with the hydria Girls as genre-like representations of women's lives reminiscent of the terracottas of Tanagra. But genre pictures are from excluded from depiction on coins, and the fountains in particular

58 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER and water vessels clearly indicate the Naiad character of the girls, cf. Terina. Since then, Wroth, “Num. Chron. 1902), showed 319, how beautifully different pictures of Larisa line up next to each other let the nymph fill the hydria at the well, stroll away changed and put the vessel down again, after which she lifted her tired arms strong, then rests, moves on to the ball game! and finally the Sandal that came loose while jumping was reattached. The nymph's head also varies widely in hairstyle and style Jewelry. It comes with or without a bandage, usually with Earrings and collar, occasionally with Sphendone or Kekry- phalos, in Meliboia and Pherai with a reed wreath. Very common was the representation of the head from the front, similar to that of Arethusa, usually decorated with a wide band, in Larisa and Pha- kion but also with ÄAren, like that of the nymphs of Mesma and Gella. Heads of Dacchian nymphs are shown on the coins of Eurea, Eurymenai and Meliboia. For the sake of clarity, the following information appears in the following draw the types of Thessalian nymphs separately _— . Heads in profile with various decorations, . heads from the front, . Heads wreathed with reeds, . Nymphs in full figure. $ oo DI I.T HEADS IN PRORTE ACHAIOI (Phthiotis) 154. P. 27.—Head of a mymph with ear pendant and collar to the left. Rs. AXAINN r. Zeus enthroned with eagle and scepter to the left; In the field on the left there is a helmet with a bush. Didrachm. Brit Mus. Wroth, Num. Chron. 1902, 324 f. 14 plates. XVI 4. Here vs. 7afel IV N. 31. ' According to Suidas fragment. (Müller hist. Graec. II 464, 2) Larisa fell into the ball while playing ball Peneios. u a u ee e

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 59 Drachmas and hemidrachms show the same head the Phthiotes with Athena and helmet on the Rs. L.-B. Mon. grecques 156, 1 & 2; Cat. Brit. Mus. Thessaly p. XXIX and 48, 1 plate X 17. Despite the very plausible reasons Wroth gave for the allocation this, group of coins to the city association of the Peloponnesian Achaeans around 370 BC BC indicates, I remain, perhaps unfairly, below that first impression of the phthiotic origin of the same." The beautiful The coiffed head obviously refers to a myth, not to a god. tines like Demeter or Artemis, which come into consideration here- The era was always identified by garlands and attributes were. As a nymph's head, the type points more towards Thessaly than to the Peloponnesus. The coins of the Achaeans also appear to be at the same time as the beautiful didrachms and drachmas of Gomphoi Philippopolis,?” which was probably coined at the time of Philip II have been given on the occasion of the special privileges of the King's name change. At the same time could Philip also the phthiotic 7%edar, until the founding of Demetrias the most important port and trading center on the entire coast and have retained or granted him the right to mint. The embossing The Achaeans and the Gomphites are also similar in that they only once and in the same silver denominations *. Also the custom, alternately or simultaneously on behalf of the To shape peoples and cities was particularly important in the south Thessaly and neighboring areas more widespread®. As examples are the coins of the Oitaii and of Heraclea, the Malians and of Lamia, the magnet and from Demetrias, the Ainian and from To call Hypata, and this name can undoubtedly be given to the of the Achaeans and of Thebai.® ! Mon. grecques 156; Percy Gardner, Cat. Brit. Mus. Thessaly 5. XXIX. ? See Svoronos. The Athens National Museum I, 241 Fig. 145. 3 cat. Photiades plate I 59; Num. Chron. 1891, 123.9 Plate IV 8; Cat. Brit. Mus. Thes- saly plate III 2. * The hemidrachm is still missing at Philippopolis. 5 From the Perraiboi living in the north, who probably in Oloosson, are no coins with the name of this city are known. 6 With the monogram of the Achaeans, X, are the city coins of Thebai, Larisa Kre- maste, halos and peumata.

60 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER AST-RIASR 155. 5. 16. — Head of a mymph with ear pendants and collar to the left. Rs. ATPAT above, ION r. Standing horse to the right. Hemidrachm. Paris.— 7aj/e/ IV N. 32. Mionnet, Rec. de pl. LXXI 2: ars 11% Muret, Bull. de Corr. bright. V Sf, Brit. Mus. Cat "Thessaly 14,1. Plate 117 (Var.). The Thessalian cities were characterized by similar minds (Gonnos ine Br Gyrton > Kierion San: Lamia Br: Larisa EN Br Larisa Kremaste > Meliboia Methyl ion Phalanna (or Pharkadon) pP her ai Rizus 9 > Trika y » Rev num 27 Tatax many Cat. Brit Mus. Plate XXXT, 3. Florence, Eckhel n.v. Plate VI 12. Millingen, Inc. coins plate III 11. Katz llier's 20 Cat. Brit. Mus. Plate II 10. Berlin (m. p.) 7a/Z IV N. 33. Aa: Latzllll 91V: 4,369, FaLaEV av 0 Mionnet Suppl. III Plate XII 3. Paris (de Luynes) 7a/el IV N. 34. ZA NE ZU7ATO. Advice Brit Mus. Plate VL 15. Soutzo, Rev. num. 1869 Plate VI 6. Num. Chron. 1895 Plate V 8. KateRoteNusz Late » “Photiades "N. 1528. EokheR ey IPA V INS HS Num. Chron. 1900 Plate I 7. Kat’ Brite Miss FalrxXT 713. Num. Chr. 1889 plate XII7, 1891 plate IV 14. Other nymph heads in profile, with different hairstyles, can be found on coins from

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 61 Gyrton 156. Br. 20.—Young head with laurel 1. Pkr. Rs. FYPTNNIQN 1. Head of the mymph with decorated band or Ripe in the hair, earrings and collar on the left. Berlin (m. S.).— Za/ed IV N. 35. Brit Mus. Cat. Plate III 5. I'verwvn, daughter of Phlegyas, can be considered as an eponymous nymph. be taken. Larisa 157. P. 19.—Head of Zarisa with Sphendone r. Pkr. Rs. AA |PI£AI|A. Thessalians about to mount a horse to the right. Recessed square. Berlin. — 7ajel IV N. 36. Paris. Mionnet Suppl. III Plate XII 1. » de Luynes, Choix de m. gr. Plate XII 11. Brit. Mus. Cat. Plate V 11. 158. P. 19.—Head of the nymph without decorations to the left. Rs. AAPIEAI above. Jumping horse to the right. Brit. Mus.—7ayel IV N. 37. Phakion | 159. Br. 19.— Head of the vymph with ear, ear pendant and collar decorated to the right. Pkr. Rs. P#AKI|AZTNN. Rider walking to the right. Berlin. Pinder, Num. ant. Plate I 11. Brit. Mus. Cat. Plate XXXI 7.— 7a%l IV N. 38. Inv. Waddington N. 7207. Phalanna 160. Br. 19.—Adolescent head to the right. Pkr. Rs. $ANAN |NAINN. Head of the Vymph with Cekryphalos earring hang and collar to the right. M. S.—Plate IV N. 39. See Cat. Brit. Mus. Plate VIII 15, 16; Num. Chr. 1902 Plate XV 6. The eponym of the city was Phalanna, daughter of Tyro (St. Byz.).

62 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER 2. HEADS FROM FRONT GOMBEOISIRHITLTEBROFOPTS 161. P. 25.—Head of a myrma from the front, tilted to the right; he is with a narrow band, earrings in the shape of grapes and collar decorated, long spiral-shaped on the sides Curls, braids seem to be wrapped over the top of the head. Rs. [P1AIAMOMJOAITNN. Seated Zeus on the left, the right on Scepter, the left one on the rock seat; in the field 1. Lightning. Didrachm. Brit. Mus. Num. Chron. 1891, 123.9 Plate IV 8 (Cat. Photiades plate I 59). — 7afe/ V-N. 1. 162. P. 20.— Likewise, the head with very narrow side curls appear barely pronounced on some specimens. Drachma. Millingen, Inc. coins plate III 10. Paris. Bull. de corr. bright. Plate II 14. Brit Mus. Cat. Plate III 2. | Berlin (m. p.) Cat. Photiades plate I 60. Similar copper coins with the inscription TOM®ERN. Cat. Brit. Mus. Plate III 3 and 4. LARISA 163. 5. 21.—Head of the nymph Zarisa from the front, turned slightly to the left tends; He is crowned with two ears of corn and with earrings and Collar decorated. Pkr. Rs. AAPIZA|I|NN. Helmeted and armored rider galloping to the right. Berlin (m. S.),— Zaf{V N.2. 164. P. 20.— Likewise. Rs. AAPIZAINN. Mare with foal to the right. Berlin (m. p.). Cat. Brit Mus. 30, 62.

165. NYMPHS AND CHARITES 63 Br. 19.— Likewise. Rs. AAPI|Z|AINN. Rider with spear inlaid galloping to the right; underneath E or M or monogram. Cat. Brit. Mus. 32, 85 and 86 plate VI 12. Paris, de Luynes, number of satr. 48.2 Plate VI 2 (inscription read out). Berlin (m. S.), Munich, Löbbecke. About the garlanding of ears of corn by nymphs, see above Mesma p. 20; In Thessaly it still occurs in Phakion, see above p. 61. 166. P. 24.—The same, but instead of the ears of corn there is a wide bandage. 167. Rev. AAPI|ZAINN Striding horse with reins to the right. Didrachm. Bibl. Turin. — 7a/edl V N. 3. Berlin, the king. Coin Cabinet 1877 Plate III 198. Brit. Mus. Cat. 29, 55 plate V 14. Cat. Montagu 1896 plate V 304. Cat. Ashburnham 1895 Plate III 100 with a grazing horse. p. 19.-- Likewise; on the left you can see part of the sideways stretched r. Shoulder with the agraffe that closes the chiton. Rs. AAPIZAI i. A. Horse grazing to the right. Löbbecke.—Plate V N. 4. See Num. Chron. 1885 plate. 15 and 1886, 252, 1, where about vols Shoulders are kelebsr agraffes decorated with sphinxes. The head of this drachma clearly shows the /Zaars Eyelashes, which is also a special feature of various Arethusa heads of the 5th century BC BC occurs. 169. P. 20.— zIMO over the lymphatic head with a bandage from the front, right- inclined towards. Pkr. Rs. AAPI over grazing horse to the right. Athens. — Plate V N. >. Brit. Mus. Cat. 31.78 plate VI 10.

64 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER The Aleuade Simos was one of Philip II's. used thesis Salian Tetrarchs 352-344 BC Chr.! 170. P. 20.— Likewise, without ZIMO, M. S.— 7afel V N. 6. A selection of other stamp varieties of the head from the front, in Silver and copper, you can find Cat. Brit. Mus. Plate VL The head type of Larisa with a bandage from the front, a replica the one who is artistically superior Head of Arethusa (Plate IV N. 6) again served as a model for depictions of nymphs Coins from Gomphoi in S. and Br. s. above $. 62. Gyrton 171.5. 15.—Head of the vymph with bandage from the front, turned to the left tends. Pkr. Rr. FYP|TNNINN. Grazing horse to the left. Hemidrachm. Brussels (L. de Hirsch). — 7: ae NN. Meliboia in Br. Cat. Brit. Mus. Plate XXXT 4a. Metropolis nS. ibid. Plate VII 8 (not confirmed as a nymph). Pherai 172. Br. 20.— Head of the nymph with a bandage from the front, turned to the left tends Pkr. PEPAION behind a water-spouting Zöwenkop/ to the right. On sale, two copies. Proerna in Br. Berlin (in p.). Scotussa in Br. Berlin (m.S.); Brit. Mus. Num. Chron. 1390, 318,13 'Gardner, Cat. Brit. Mus. Thessaly S. xXxXIV E£ ” Ibid. 319, 14 plate XIX 7 and L-B. Monn. gr. 134, 5 plate VIII 28 "a silver coin from Scotussa, whose head from the front cannot be clearly seen as a nymph.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 65 3. HEADS WREATHED WITH REEDS MELIBOIA 173. Br. 15.— Head of the myrmph wreathed with reeds and with earring hanging and collar decorated, to the right. Rs. MEAI]. Grape with branch, leaf and tendrils. Berlin (m. S.— 7aflV N. 8. 174. Br. 20.— Likewise. Pkr. on the front and two leaves on the vine branch of Rs. Sir H. Weber. Of the women named Meliboia, the eponym comes here City considered the wife of Magnes. But this interpretation is not sure of the head; because here he represents a naiad, while on another coin of the city (Plate VOIN. 23) a Nymph with vine wreath appears. But perhaps this indicates Attribute less to a mainade than, like the type of Velia panel I N. 34, on one as the goddess of growth and the. fertility, Nymph revered here as protector of the vineyards. The culture of . Wine is also found on the backs of all Melibean coins expressed through mighty grapes. The nymphs of white So those of the grain culture who are crowned with ears of grain can be put aside. PEPHERAI 175. P. 23.— Head of the nymph ZZypereia with a wreath of reeds, earrings and collar to the right; behind it water-spouting Zöwenkop/ to the right. Pkr. Rs. ®EPAIOYN below. Riding Hekate with a torch in each Hand to the right when galloping; in the field I. AX|JOME|AON from surrounded by a wreath. Didrachm. Löbbecke, Z. f. N. XXI 257 Plate VIII 8 (from the Sanımlung Photiades, Cat. Plate I 165). — 7a/l V N. 9. >

66 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER 176. P. 16.— Head of the nymph with a wreath of reeds from the front, to the left inclined. In field 1. Z%scr with head up. Pkr. Rs. dEPAINN below. Hecate riding, one with both hands Holding the torch diagonally, galloping to the right. In the field 1. what- . Spitting Zöwenkoßf to the left. Paris—7ajel V N. 10. Sir H. Weber. Heads’ Festschrift 1906 Plate XV 2. 17:7. Br i22. SKpene Munich. F. Streber, num. gr. 134 plate II 1; here 7aje/ V N.11. Berlin (mı. p.). Brit Mus. Cat 43.23 Par X Te. Combe, Mus. Hunter plate 43, 14. This coin also comes in the size of 15 mm. before. The heads of the Pheraic coins n. 175 to 177, in which, In view of the illustrations given here, it will not occur to anyone Until now, people have mistakenly thought of seeing different deities Artemis, Hecate, Demeter or Persephone, even on Apollo. pull. But these heads are neither with ears of corn nor with myrtle or laurel wreaths, but with .Sch://, like those of the Syracusan Decadrachms (Plate IV N. 3) and those of other nymphs (Thuria, Pelorias et al)' or youthful river gods.” This hair accessory and the water symbols attached to the heads: the lion's head des Brunnen's Hypereia and the /%scA denote the types shown clearly as the spring nymph of Pherai. This one comes in full figure on a hemidrachm to be described later. The following coin also appears to be Thessalian. 178. Br. 20.—Head of a vymph with a wreath of reeds and earrings hang to the right. RS.DE(2) SE DNEreHwdra Inkshin. M. S.— 7afel V N. 12. The inscription is uncertain; she could METOAAQN, MEPPAIBNN or something else. See table 73057 1 and 2: ? S. above Syracuse $. 49 note 1

1.29. 180. NYMPHS AND CHARITES 67 4. THESSALIAN NYMPHS IN FULL FIGURE WHOSE P. 14.—Head of Zeus with laurel to the right. Pkr. Rev. KIEP JIEINN &. The nymph Arne, dressed in the chiton and adorned with clasps on the wrists, on which r. Legs kneeling to the right, head turned back, the right one lowered to the ground where an astragalus lies; the left rests on the left extended knee. Munich. — Zafel V N. 13. Millingen, Inc. Coins plate III 12. Berlin. Friedländer, monthly report. d. Ak. 1878 plate II 23, variety. earisrube Z.I.N. VII plate 17. Brit. Mus. Cat. Plate II 9. P. 14.— Head of Arne with earrings and collar right. Rs. KIEPIJEINN. Same type. Berlin (m. S.).— Zafel IV N. 33. Cat. Allier plate V 12, wrong with torch on the bottom. Brit. Mus. Cat. Plate II 10. Arne as a knuckle player is also the type of small copper coins zen, e.g. Millingen a.a.O. Plate III 13, cat. Brit. Mus. 15:5 and Numbers. @hron. 1899, 91, 5: Plate VIL 3. 181. 182. Br. 20.—Head of Apollo with laurel to the right. Rs. KIEPIENN]. Standing naked Zezs to the right, in the raised position swinging the lightning bolt on one right hand, on the one extended forward Left Eagle; in front of him at his feet Arne playing with astragals. Six. — Zajell V N. 14. Millingen a.a.O. Plate III 14. Br. 20.— Likewise, with KIEPIEINN. Brit. Mus. Cat. Plate, XXXI 2.

68 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER 183. Br. 18.—Head of Poseidon (?) to the right. Rev. KIEPIENN above. /eard jumping to the right with reins; about it- ter Arne kneeling to the left, head to the right, the right. Hand on that Supporting the ground, the left hand raised. Copenhagen. — Zafl V N. 15. Leake, Num. Hell. 35. Bompois, Didrachme inedit de Cierium Plate N. 8. In the last picture Arne appears, perhaps playing surprised by the jumping horse, sinking to the ground and raising one hand in defense. Coins from the Thessalians from the time of Nero show a nymph, who advances ahead of a horse that she leads by the reins (Plate V n.34), or, if Sestini's description is to be trusted,! one on one Nymph sitting on a rock holding a horse by the reins. Maybe it is also Arne, and tied a legend to her and the horse. Also The nymph Larisa appears repeatedly on coins from the imperial period. Another nymph playing with ankles we will on Find coins from Tarsus (72/2 VII N. 48). LARISA The older Larisean trihemiobolia include those with riders and a seated deity holding a bowl in his right hand shines and the left rises. According to the illustration cat. Brit. Mus. Taf, IV 10, the figure's upper body appears naked. This could therefore to be male, despite the braid that archaic art also had equipped men Since I have impressions of perfectly preserved specimens There are no copies of this coin known in several varieties, This type is not included here. How pretty the Nyabas look in the following depictions Larisa Scene after Scene is $. 58 has been shown. 'Deser. num. vet. 144, 12; Lett. cont. V. 8, 25.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 69 184. 5. 12.—Striding horse to the right; lion's head above. Pkr. Rs. A|ARI. The standing nymph Zarisa in the chiton to the right, with both hands the filled ZZydria from the raised one lifting left knee to place on head. In Back of the nymph of the fountain, through a lion's head, out whose Throat water flows, shown. Deepened square. Florence. Eckhel Num. vet. Plate VI 14.—72/JV N. 16. Berlin. Monthly area the K. Ak. 1878 plate II 24. You Müus#Rarlaf IV 11. Varieties ibid. 25, 14; Leake Num. Hell. 59; Collection Warren “Plate XVI, 688. 185. P. 12.—Striding horse to the right. Pkr. Rs. A|A. Standing Zarisa to the right, with her left on one hitting ball. Recessed square. Former. Samıml. Photiades.— 72/2 V N. 17. 186. P. 12.— Likewise; Zarisa left, with her right on the ball hitting. Löbbecke. — 7afdl V N. 18. 187. P. 12.—Prancing horse to the left. Pkr. Rs. AIA-P|I. Zarisa as well, jumping more. Without square. Berlin (m. S.),— Za/edl V N. 19. Varieties: Millingen, Sylloge plate I 26; Monthly area of the K. Ak. 1878 plate II 21; Cat. Brit. Mus. 26, 24 plates IV 16 and 28, 46; collection Warren plate XVI 695. 188. P. 12.—Striding horse to the right. Pkr. Rs. AA|PIZ|AIO/N) Standing Zarzsa to the left, with the right hitting the dal, the left hand on the side. Berlin (m. S., — Za/edl V N. 20.

70 189. 190. 191. 192. F.- IMHOOF-BLUMER P. 14.— Rider with petasos and two spears walking to the left; including £O. Pkr. Rs. A3t|9AN. Zarisa on a chair with a backrest to the right sitting, right arm bent upwards, stretched forward Left Aranz. Recessed square. Brit. Mus. Cat. 26, 22 Plate IV 14.—- Taj V N. 21. P. 15.— Likewise, without writing. Rs. A3l9gAN 1. Zarisa on a chair with a backrest to the left sitting, on her knee, it seems, a cannon from which she with her left hand to her face while she looks at it holding a mirror in his right hand. Recessed square. Cat. Rusopulos N. 1308.— Zaje! V N. 22. See Ch. Lenormant, Ann. dell install, 7184737401, 27 Tar Vers Collection Warren Plate XVI, 693. P. 13.— Likewise, the rider with a spear. Rs. AAPIEA r. Zarisa on a fabric covered with ruched fabric Chair sitting on the right, feet crossed, right. Hand on the Back of head bent back, in the raised Left the Mirror. Recessed square. Brit. Mus. Cat. 28, 39 plate V 5.— 7Zafdl V N. 23. Paris. Lenormant a.2.0. Plate Y’5; Müret Bull V202 table: Bibl. Turin. P. 14.— Rider with petasos and two spears galloping to the right- to; including ON. Pkr. Rs. AA|P|I. Zarisa on a chair with a backrest to the right sitting, striking a dal with his raised right hand, in the Left Aranz. Recessed square. In trade. — 7afel.V N. 24. Berlin. Monthly area the K. Ak. 1878 plate II 20 (variety). Paris. Pellerin, Rec. [Taf XXVIl 24> Lenormant 24. O2 Try 7 (variety).

193. 194. 195. 196. 197. 198. 199, NYMPHS AND CHARITES 71 P. 12.—03 above a striding horse to the left. Pkr. Case A3l9] AN. Standing Zarisa to the right, Jal in the lowered position Right, wreath in the left. Recessed square. Berlin. In trade. — 7aje V N. 25. P. 12.— Likewise, with &O and horse to the right. Former. Collection Photiades. P. 12. O2 over a striding horse to the right. Pkr. Rs. [ 219|AN. Standing Zarisa from the front, head to the right, the Arms tired from carrying the /Zydria placed in front of him stretching. Recessed square. . Er Venormant aa 0. Plate V8: "Müureta.a.0. Plate II 6. Brit. Mus. Cat. 28.43 Plate V 7.— Plate V N. 26. P. 13.— Likewise. R Rs. AAP r., I? ]. Zarzsa standing to the left, her right raised, wreath in lowered left hand; in front of her /Zydrra. Samıml. Warren Plate XVI, 694. P. 12.— Likewise, with O. Rs. AAI|IR|A. Standing Zarzsa on the left, the right (mil ball?) raised, the left lowered; behind her the parked /Zydrza. Recessed square. Brit. Mus. Cat. 28, 42 plates. V 6.— Plate V N. 27. P. 12.— Likewise, without letters. Case AA |I9. Standing Zarzsa to the right, leaning forward, the r. Leg bent slightly, lifting the left one in order to lower it with both to fasten the sandal in your hands; in front of her /Zydria. Ver- deep square. Brit. Mus. Cat. 28, 44 plate V 8.— Plate V N. 28. P. 12.— Likewise, with 2]O. Rs. A2ZIY| ON. Zarisa sitting on the lying /Zydria to the left, throwing a dal with the right, the left to the zydrıa supported. Recessed square. Brit. Mus. Cat. 26.23 Plate IV 15.— Plate V N. 29. Sir H. Weber; Collection Warren Plate XVI 696.

70% F. IMHOOF-BLUMER 200.:8. 12.— Likewise. Rev. A2l 1, 9AA above. Zarisa sitting on the AZydria to the left, both arms and the first foot stretched out to close the sandal bind; left on the ground Dal. Recessed square. Brit. Mus. Num. Chron. 1902, plate XV 7; here 7a/elV N. 30. Berlin. Monthly area d. K. Ak. 1878 Plate II 25, where instead of the writing a water-spitting lion's head is incorrectly stated. At the end of the 5th century B.C. BC found the lovely ones Representations from the life of nymphs conclude. In craft The ball-playing Larisa appears in a moderate and crude execution a few more times in the time of Augustus and Gallienus. 201. Br. 16.— SEZZAANN (also »SELLAAWN). Resting teenager cher and naked Heracles on one with the lion's skin covered rocks to the left, the r. hand on the one turned to the right Head turned, the left hand on the armpit and club supported on the seat. Pkr. Rs. AAPIZA (also AAPILA) r. Standing Zarisa in the chiton of in front, head to the left, the right raised with 3a/, the left on the side. Pkr. Berlin (m. S.), — Zajfel V N. 31. Arolsen Ber Be SS re ala Brit. Mus. Num. Chron. 1889 352, 10 plate XII 4. 202. Br. 24.—ZEBAZTHNN BEZZAANN. Bust of the ‘divus Cae sar'(?) with laurel and veil to the right. Rs. ZTPATHFOY ANTITONOY. Same type; in field 1. Monogram. Löbbecke.— 7a/l V N. 32. With the head of the opposite to the left, see Rev. num. 1852, 213, where in the Figure from Larisa a helmeted Athena is formed; Num. Chron. 1889, 251, 8.

NYMPHS AND CHARITES 73 203. Br. 23.—AYT TAA|AHNOC AV (see above). Bust of the emperor with Crown and mantle to the right. Rs. KOINON |8ECCAAN. Same type; in the field l. the value sign A Berlin (m. S.).— Zafel V N. 33. Brit. Mus. Cat. 9, 88, where the image is mistakenly described as a drinking person Satyr is understood. Here is the description of the ones discussed above, Kierion p. 68 Coin of the Thessalian xoıvöv. 204. Br. 35.— NEPNN KAIZAP BSEZZANNN. Head of Nero with Lore beer to the right. Rs. ZTPAT|HTOY|AAOYXOY. Horse striding to the right, from a clothed /Vymphe (Arne or Larisa?) from the front, with Ears of grain in the left, held by the reins. Cat. Rusopulos N. 1226.— Zafel V N. 34. Brit. Mus. Num. Chron. 1905, 332, 1 plate XV 2. See Leake, Num. Hell. 103; Sestini, Latvia. cont. V Plate I 6. Another piece shows the female figure from the front Side of the horse walking to the left (Num. Chron. 1905 plate XV, 1). Wroth is inclined to think of her as a personification of Tessalia, what is probably possible. However, the suggestion of a nymph can also be done don't reject. This is supported by the fact that with the imperial era, as we have seen have that Larisa has recently appeared on coins, that one of the at- tribute of Thessalian nymphs were also the ears of grain and that in The nymph of Kierion is known to be associated with a horse. PERELINNA 205. Br. 18.— Rider with Petasos galloping to the right. Pkr. Rs. TEAI|NNAIE. Standing MVyrrpAhe(?) to the right, in the left a box whose lid she opens with her right hand. Soutzo.—7afl V N. 35. Varieties: Postolaka, Nou. &v t@ 'Eöv. Movo. 1885, 232 plate I 1; Num. Chron. 1888, 5 plate I 3.

74 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER 206. Br. 17.— Likewise, walking to the left. Rs. DEAIN|NAE. Likewise, but sitting on a chair without Backrest, right. In trade. Since the figure appears to be wearing a veil, this is her interpretation as a nymiph doubtful. Can be found on silver obols from Trikka Meanwhile, a nymph figure, which is like a box here opens (board V N. 42). With the veil also appears on copper of the Sicilian Thermai, the middle of the three nymphs.! In the cat. Brit. Mus. Thessaly 38.6f. Plate VIII £5. are Pelinnean Copper coins depicting a woman's head with a veil. Gardner thinks it's that of a queen; but he is probably on the gods tin, which is shown in full figure on numbers 205 and 206. PERRATBOT 207. 5. 15.— Rider with petasos and two spears walking to the left; including Cippus. Pkr. Rs. A937. Mymph (?) dressed in the chiton, facing left sitting in a chair with a backrest, a helmet in his left hand them with the r. Hand touched. Recessed square. In “Trade” 7afl V N. 36. 208. P. 15.— Likewise; the figure holds the helmet in his right hand the r. Knee, the left one doesn't seem to touch him. Brit. Mus. Cat. 39, 3 plate VIII 8 (vs. without cippus). Paris. Mionnet Suppl. III Plate XII 5; Muret op. cit. 295 plate II 11. Berlin. Monthly area ibid. Plate II 28; here the arms shine put differently. The assumption that the type of woman represents Thetis' vows with that Helmets of Achilles are by no means unlikely. mother and ' Cat. Brit. Mus. Sicily 84, 5 the central figure is said to be wearing a veil and a tower crown; However, I did not find this last attribute on any of the copies that I know of coin; see Zafe! XI N. 18.

— | rn NYMPHS AND CHARITES Son enjoyed special reverence among the Thessalians, which both from Strabo's message from the O©erttdwov at Pharsalus,' than from the Coins of Larisa Kremaste and the Thessalian xoıwöv with the helmeted head of Achilles ® emerges. A seated woman with a helmet in her hand also shows an old one Didrachmon of Boeotian Thebai. Who she represents is not certain; Num. Magazine IX 35f. Plate II 117 I struck the nymph for this Thebe before, Head Cat. Brit. Mus. Central Greece 72.42 plate XII 10 die Harmony. According to Cat. Brit. Mus. 39, 8 and 9 Plate VIII 10 are from the Perraibers Obols also minted with the ball-playing nymph. Probably but these are poorly preserved Larisean obols like this P. 69 N. 187. PHALANNA 209. Br. 15.—-Bearded head to the right; including .. OPIz. Rs. $ANAN|NA. Mymph? dressed with the chiton on the right sitting on a chair, the r. Arm on the low backrest supported, her left hand towards a marsh bird standing in front of her stretched. Leake Num. Hell. 88, 2.— Zafel V N. 37. PBHTERATE $210. 16.— Head of Hecate with wreath of leaves, earrings and neck band to the left; torch behind. Rs. PEPAIOYN r. Standing nymph ZZypereia, with chiton and Himation is dressed on the left, the right on the Zöwenkop/ des laying the fountain, the left hand on the side. In the field I. AZ|TO (usöov) from a wreath unıgiven. In trade. — Zajdl V N. 38. E. de Cadalvene Rec. 129 Fig.; Millingen Anc. coins plate III KrSKabe Brit Muss43721,Tal3 8413. The head types of Hypereia see above p. 65 f. 'Strabo 431. ? T, Combe, Mus. Hunter plate 68, 5; Cat. Allier plate V 17; Cat. Brit. Mus. Plate I 8. 279, Above' 8; 1.4.

76 F. IMHOOF-BLUMER EGGS 211.5. 14.— Rider with petasos and two spears walking left- hinskr Rs. TPIKKA r. The nymph 7yrkka (daughter of Peneios) with Dressed in the chiton, sitting on the right on a chair with a backrest seated, covered with a fringed fabric; in the The nymph holds a bowl in her right hand and one in her left Mirror in front of the face. Recessed square. Berlin. Monthly area ibid. Plate II 27.— Plate N. 39. Variety: Prokesch - Osten, Inedita 1854 Plate I 36, 212. 5. 12.—Striding horse to the right. Pkr. Rs. TPIKKAI|ON. Standing trıkka from the front, head to the left, with with the right hand striking a dal, the left on the side, Brit. Mus. Cat. 52.13 Plate XI 11.— 72%2V N. 40. 213. 5. 13.— Likewise, with horse to the left and TP|yı. L-BYyMonn. er2 13488729104 Berlin. Monthly area ibid. Plate II 22. 214. P. 13.—Horse jumping to the right. Pkr. Rs. [N JOIAY NIIT. Standing Trikha to the right, the right to one Leaning against a pillar, her left hand over a stork standing in front of her or raised higher. Recessed square. Paris. Muret a.a. O. 299 plate II 16.— 7a//V N. 'a 215. P. 12.— Likewise. Rs. TPIKKA r. Standing 7yr%%ka to the right, in the left box, whose lid she lifts with her right hand. Recessed square. Berlin (m. p.).— 7a/el1 V N. 42. Regling, Collection Warren Plate XVII, 729. Variety with horse on the left: Cat. Brit. Mus, 22, 12ba X Tai The coins of Cyria only show the nymphs group of Apollonia to be described later, which corresponds to the neighboring