The Coins of Ancient Italy — 1885

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\, THE MOMITES OF ANCIENT ITALY EACCOITA «ENEEAII DEL R Raphael Garrucci D. 0. D. e. PART PEIMA MELTED COINS Y 2);^)©-- ^ ^ ROME WITH THE GUYS OF THE CAV. V. SALVIUCCI 1885 /

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TO THE READERS J_Jf ja general collection of coins, that ancient Italy merged and coined in its ticks it is purpose of this work of mine. Me I learn it from origin when le city e le republics they were independent e I drive it up to which Rome took over of the states of Italy and subjected styles to its domination or to the high dominion he regulated its fate. Full citizenship was then granted nance to those insurgent peoples who asked for it, the right to mint money with freedom became extinct. A similar work that contained all the coins drawn or described it was already undertaken at the debut of this century from Carelli, but not conducted a end: his two hundred boards with the addition of two others saw the light as imperfect as le had leave al 1831. The description of this table was entrusted to the Cavedoni, who profited from the discoveries and the later studies al Carelli to amend them and make them as useful as he could to scholars. He estimated also appropriate to publish again secondly the description that Carelli had done it of his private collection published, e he added the amendments made by Avellino. But the Carelli had reproduced it the prints of Arigoni and of card. De Zelada and of other publications bulls of melted money; the PPs. Brands and Tessieri had placed a new order e one novel distribution to the serious oes, and published the fruit gods them works in 1839 : the Kircherian ed other museums had increased by a lot the number of bronzes unpublished in collected them, e everything this had to come to accomplish the company of Carelli, leading her up ai days ours, giving rise how much yes it was written and disclosed by numismatists. It was necessary that finally mind they took their seats the coins of aes rude, with le issues that had raised e the gua- I give for the story that could be gleaned from it. The seventy tables of this collection of mine will include how many melted coins I know, of- marking them again almost all from the originals or at least come on chalks e come on electroplating, e taking away out of the way the bronzes fake, some of the which ones they believe each other however authentic. To do this yes required time e though they passed seven lustrous in approximately. Le coins merged, of this one first part, since in the second part what time you print are collected le coins minted, I am stay with me divided in three classes : in the first I ask the aes rude, in the second the aes means tum, in the third severe AES. I want to say thank you everyone those, that they have me helped, the names gods which ones don't I will leave of report to his place. As far away as I am by profession and by nature come on congratulations with- idiot that this job of mine needs of a lot for satisfy all the cravings e of everyone ; that's enough for me that I started when I could have the ease of draw and opportunity of write e to continue improving the arduous undertaking. Now I will follow here with a brief index of places, whence generally yes I am had i bronzes drawn here e described.

INDICATION OF CITIES AND PLACES WHERE YOU KNOW THAT I BRONZES DESCRIBED IN THE LXX TABLES ARE BEEN FOUND AND OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE RECORDS WHERE THEY ARE PRESERVED AND IN THE ABSENCE OF THEM BY THOSE WHO PUBLISHED THEM Alban, Àlbanum, Yi, 8. Ankaran, see Norcia. Ardea, LSVII, 2. Ariccia, Arida, 1, 1; X,2;XII, 2; XIII, 2; XIV, 1. Aiigoni, XL, 11-13; XLIV, 11; LXVI, 16-19. -iscoli of Puglia, Ascidium Aptdum, LXV, 1-5. Atri, Hatria, LX axis, 6; series; LXI, 1-4; LXil, 1-4. Belona, Vulsiniensis aga; LXVII, 3. Carelli, XXI, 3; XL, 10; LIV, 6. Castellani, t. Cortona. Cerveteri, Caerae, I, 2; II, 1.2; III, 1-5; IV, 1; V, 2-6; IX, 2,3; XXII, 2. Cesena, Caesena, LXVIII, 1. Comets, Tarquinii, VI, 10; XXV, 4, 5; XXVI 2-6 ; series XLVI, 1-8; LXX, 1. Cortona, coli. Castellani, LIV, 1. Blacksmith, Vuldniensis ager, IX, 1; X 2. Fermo, Firmum, LX, 3-5. Fiesole, Faesulamis ager, X, 3. Genzano, Lanioinus ager, XV. 1. Gobbio, Iguvium, tripondium LVI, 14: series LVII, 1-7; LVni, 1-7. Lazio, Latins, XXXVIII, 1 -7; XL; XLI, 5, 6; XLII, 3-7; XLIV, 1-10; XLV, 1-11. Lucerà, Lvceria, LXIII 1-3; serious LXIV, 1-18. Lucerà, Eoma-Lucera, XXXII, 2, 3, modern axis col rooster and the epigraph LXX, 3; with the horse and the epigraph LXIII,3; as imagined by Ric- that is See page 41. Length, CoUatia, V, 1. M in oval XXVII coin, 8, 9. M in round coin. R. V\ tab. XLIV, 6, 7. Brands e Tessieri, LXVI, 15. Marzabotto, Bononiensiì aga; VIII, 2. Metaponto. Metapontwn, LXVI, 3-6. XXVII oval coin, 10-12. Montefiascone, Vulsiniensis ager, VII, 1. Museum of Bologna, HE, 4. » British, X, 1 ; XI, 2; XII, 2 ; XIII, 1 ; XVIII; XXIII; XXIV, 1; XLIV, 9. » Kircherian, XVI; XVII, 2; XXI, 1, 2; XXIII:XXV, 1-3; XXVII, 1.2; XXIX, 6; XLIV, 2-4. 6, 7, 0, 1 ; XLV, 1, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11. » of Cortona (Sellari), XXVH, 13. » of Florence, LIV, 7. » of Paris, XX, 1 ; XLV, 6; LV, 1. » of Pesaro, XII, 1; XXXI, 3,.LIII, 5; LVI, 1. » of Turin, XXVII, 3. ., » Vatican, XIV, 2. » of Vienna, XLIV, 5; XLV, 9. Nicotera, countryside of, LXX, 2. Norcia, Nursia, LXVII, 1. Oirvieto, Vulsiniensis ager, LXIII, 3. v. Blacksmith. Bones in Sardinia VI, there. Palestrina, Praeneslinus ager, VI, 1, 3, 6, 7, 10, 14; XLI, 1-4; XLII, 1, 2; XLIV, 1; LXIX. 1, 7. Sparrows, LVI, 1, 2. Pesaro, Pisaurensis àger, XVII, 1; XXVII 1. Pinder, XLV, 2, 7. Bridge Landolfo , Benevenlanus ager , VI , 9 ; LXVIII, 2. suppl. LXVII, 2; group of aes rude and cusum VI, 14. Quingento, Parmensis ager, sign. VII, 2. Rieti, Beate, XXXIII, 1. Rimini, Ariminum, LIX, 1-6; LX, 1, 2; axis with Roman types, XXVIII, 1. Rome, aes signatum, LXVIII, 4; Romanus ager, XXIV, 2; XXVIII, 2-4; Eoma-Lazio, XXIX, 1-8; XXX, 1; XXXI, 1-3; XXXII, 4, 5. Rome-Luoera XXXII , 2, 3 ; Eoma-Velletri , XXXII, 1. Romamm, XXIII; XXIV, e on page 40 (false). Sabatini ad lacum Saturday, XXXV, 1-7. Sabina, Sabines, XXXVI, 1-6, XXXVII, 1 -7; XL, 8. T. Nicotera. Saura Faliscohtm (Mount Soratte), XXXIII 2, 3; XXXIV 1-6; LXX, 2. Seolca in Sardinia, VI, 12. Sutri, Satrium, XXXIX, 1-3; XL, 1-7. Tarquinii. v. Cornet. Telamon, Telamon, XLVII, 1, ounce. The bronze with the epigraph fl>|t, it is a modern imposture : if he has any the drawing at the table 125. Teramo, Interamna praetuU. Vili, 1. Tivoli, Tibur, XLIIL 1-7. Todi, Tudertinus ager, XXVII, 2-7; XXVIII, 1- HE, 2, 3; the whole series, LV, 1-8 ; LVI, 1-11. Todi-Chiusi, VI, 3: Todi-Perugia, LIV, 1. Tuscany, Etruria, anchor wheel M, LI, B ; wheel- crater, D, LI, 2; wheel-amphora, LI, 3; wheel- iron of double-headed, LII, 1; wheel-itero, Lll, 2; Etruscan wheel-item,LII, 3; A, V, Etruscan wheel sca-item, HE, 1; Vì,A,^, V, L, 1; fl^^, ), amphora, LI, 1-3. Elruscorum, head covered with pileus acuminate /( hatchet, knife, LIV, 1-6. Velecha, LXVI, 7-14. Velletri, Velilernus ager, XXXIII; LXIX, 2. Velletri. v. Eoma-Velletri Venous, Veniisia, LXV, 6-12; LXVI, I, 2. Dresses, Ves{tinorum}, LXII, 5-8. Vetulonia, anchor-wheel, HE, 4, 5. Vicarello, Aquae ApoUinares, VI, 2, 4, 13, 15, 17, 19, 22; XIV, 3; XXVI, 1 ; XLV, 8. Volterra, Volaterrae, XLVII, 2-4 ; XLVIII, 1-7; XLIX, 1-7. Vulci, Volcentanus ager, XI, 1 ; XV, 2.

DESCRIPTION AND DECLARATION OF THE TABLES PART ONE MELTED COINS AES EUDE Not yes it is doubted so far that in Rome vi they could be fin since the time of Romulus, craftsmen who worked with bullion and silver : but what these formed two bodies distinct we learn it from one step of Pliny , which as far as I know is not it is considered so far from that side that he could benefit to discussion relative at origins numismatics. The learned Roman antiquarian after have reported from a book of Timaeus , probably from that that wrote around to the medicine that is extracted from metals, from metal- lica medicine (index to Plinii H.N. 1. XXXIII), which the Eomani before of I serve Tullio they used Vaes rude in change of goods, he adds (L. XXXIV, 1), which the use of this aes yes demonstrated col done anterior to I serve, because Numa at two corporations of artificers added one third that it was of the blacksmiths of copper. Sed et alia old aequalem urbi auctoritatem eius declared, to reign Numa college tertio aerariorum fabrum in- institute. In these three oiScine worked therefore come on three colleges in gold in silver e in copper a purpose monetary : but not vi it was imprinted noun type on rough masses: to gold e to the ar- people it was given before or yes gave then a square figure that by analogy to the bricks he had the name of later how we learn by Varro {de life of the Roman people pr. Nonius 2, 481 ; 12, 9) and by Pliny (H. N. XXXIII, 3, 17) : but as for copper, ours experience there he demonstrated that him it was given not only a form of later, but yes him they were done take again others ed others shapes, at least out of Rome, as yes he will say. We have again learned that I serve who scored the first with a footprint Vaes rude, waves him was given the name of signatum, not poses this sign left of another shape than the quadrilateral : e so it must understand Pliny where writes (H. No. XXXIII, 13) : Servius rex primus signavit aes. rude before Roman usages Tirnaeus I betrayed. If in Asia it prevailed the gold e in Greece silver, in Italy it was date preference to copper for the large quantity that if not he got away from its mines, so that it then grows into the beginnings of century fourth of Rome to melt it of shape rarely oval commonly round dividing it in pieces with own types a double relief e usually marked with figures numeric that no they indicated the value legal. This aes took then name of severe aes. By everything this that there they had handed down the ancients us we purchased pei experience deposit here e there found especially on average in Italy. These deposits that vulgarly yes they call treasures contain : 1st alone aes serious , how those of Monte Mario, of Comets, of Waxes, by Amelia ; 2nd ov- true r aes grave with aes rude and aes signatum , how that discovered in Vulci, where severe aes was only represented by a few pieces, the sextant pili, elliptical in shape; 3rd or only aes rude ed aes signatum, as those of Ariccia e of Waxes ; 4th or Vaes rude e V aes signatum with pieces of swords, spearheads and fragments of hatchet, as that discovered near Ascoli Piceno. Not there is then doubt that le three species of aes they had equally course not only before of 485 when it was established that the axis was sextantary, but also of then : ed I I attached already on trial {Diss. arch. I, p. 154) a remarkable place of Livy (1, XXVI) where we read that i soldiers of Hannibal, seen spo- gliated the temple of Feronia of gifts golden e of silver, touches from religion they threw in fence of the temple pieces of rude aes, of which a large number was found later their departure : aeris rud, it was iecerunt, quorum acervi post profectionera Hannibalis great inventions. So they were these people him daily wages, during the era itself in what he placed himself in the tomb next to a soldier that group of rough money e minted that I have tell- tate in its place (see Declare. tab. VI, 14). Or it suits us notice some particularities concerning the shape of this aes rude that generally yes call bread metallic. The name of bread really isn't worth it a all le

AES EUDE shapes, but a those yes you can given that they are wide and almost round breads. But I already have it noted in the Dissertations (locally cited) that if no they merged of various sizes up at half pound, and no I attached examples from the discoveries of Vicarello and Prenestine: I can now also add Belona after the publication of one of them bronzes done from eh. P. De Feis (work LXVIII, 3), e above all that of Tarquinia that do in the table LXVII, 1, where it is singular, that how that of Belona, appears melted shaped closed , being there remained the small rod metallica formed in jet of the metal upon opening of bracket, qual you can also see it in a sextant of six'ie oval brought to me give it sweet of Anca- frog e that now it is in the mine collection. Not this it has to be less keep as a figment of the imagination what Mommsen already wrote, having melted Vacs rude in cube shape up to the weight of a pound, then at greater weights the quadrilateral shape {H. of the m. 1, p. 175 following). Because if it were true that in the waters of Vicarello not yes, yes found pieces of aes excess the pound : even if it doesn't they were found in Vulci of those of two pounds. Now then more e pili deposits have come to prove this above theory ill-founded the piece supposed pound of Vicarello. In the middle of ancient Cere that today yes call Cer- veteri the Mr. Philip Calabrians digging a ditch a great pro- foundation he came across in a nice deposit of aes rude e signatum mentioned of above. Song there one hundred sixty-seven pieces of varies in size they all added up together to one hundred and fifty lbs of copper, luckily saved from the furnace in time. An essay appeared of pure copper without mixture of pond like in Villanova, nor of zinc like a Vicarello, that is of lead as in Marzabotto. Among many pieces of small size there were some gods large oh they called back mine I study, but vi I also found a whole one, though but a little flawed on the one hand side being arrested the metal in the bracket. Ben though yes he saw that it tended towards a round shape (see work The and, b). This served as a guide for me to study the other fragments as well (tab. Ili, 1-5) ne I deduced that the metal he threw himself into a fight of, thoroughly slightly concave, that is in a large one bracket fit of cone reverse and with movable bottom. This is true for me be clear seeing how around at the bottom of these breads was forming one drool he took the figure of a base (see the aforementioned table III). Now the deposit of Bologna there ha given breads of conical shape reverse e thoroughly convex. Karl I am the loaves melted in bowls oval : of I have two of these examples, 1' one from deposit of Ariccia, the other from that of Cere (tab. I, 1, 2). In Cere also I owe the only fragment of a bread in ring shape (tab- IV, 2) three centimeters wide and a half, big five of weight of three lbs and two ounces, the which whole it must have been twenty centimeters in diameter and weighed sixteen pounds. Which weight will not seem excessive knowing that from deposit of Bologna, like me writes the eh. Brizio, if he had one fit of cone reverse of weight of you are kilograms and 200 grams. Nella tab. VI n. 11 I give the only one piece that yes is preserved of a large number d 'aes rude discovered in Sardinian bones. The shape is it is singular because plan convex, round, e of diameter of twelve centimetres weighing gr. 1540. After that- is discovery disclosed by eh. canonical Spano it seems that yes started to hold account of similar aes rude, of which yes they are collected e placed in the Museum of Cagliari from various parts of the island notables pieces that they keep in various proportions the similar ro- round shape plan convex. At Scolca on the same island a deposit of bronzes was found, which are seen reduced to half their size in the table Spano (see our table VI n. 12): these imitate the straight shape tango gods quadrilaterals. With rectangular shapes there were mixed also they tend to be triangular in shape, and it is notable that being i round pieces found in this one island of pure copper, these in- instead I am of mixed copper al zinc, that is to cadmium. What Vaes rude have had the shape of rod square (tab. VI, 3-8) we have it learned by some of these rods found in Lazio e in Btruria harvested a comparison with others similar rods, but belonging to class AelVaes signatum (pl. XXVII, 13). These bring in relief braised branches with globes repeated in intervals of an arm to the other. Come on pieces of aes rude they see each other sometimes counter-marks how on quadrilaterals e on severe AES Etruscan. Gli examples that no we have on the rude nas they leave undecided the question, if these counter-marks they were imprinted in ticks before of emission, that is, if the republics imprinted them on the pieces that for this purpose they had withdrawn them from the course and then put them back into use.

For counter brand, meaning an imprinted sign on the metal already worked e cold : such they are i symbols e the imprinted proper names in a way of example on strigil. Certainly of this nature they are not, although made in the same way those im- pressed into a recess on the two faces of a piece of cast bronze found in the Orvieto area or of a small tile like the one brought to us from Ankaran, to which a new example has now been added that comes from Perugia. It is how much apparently, an aes signatum in a hollow. With signs or letters impressed as countermarks, it is not necessary to good not even to confuse the signs or graffiti letters, an example of which indicated to me already by P. De Feis me it is state of then confirmed also from eh. Brizio, on one of the smallest pieces in the deposit Heavy Bologna only 260 grams that door in the face with- vessa the following abbreviation is lower Kf-. And Brizio adds : "What a great number." of fibulae e of paalstabs who were in- together with i called breads of bronze it is awarded of acronyms, le which ones it doesn't have transcribed why not it seems to him they can consider themselves as marks of legality of the ae.'; ». I said already other time that many pieces in deposit of Cere they saw each other evidently break them e this against some who do not they seemed convinced of it : e to difficulty that he opposed break these breads I replied find out from the foundrymen of metals that copper said by they acrid that is, not beaten nor temperate but melted e cold it breaks with blows of hammer and even more so it is neck pond in bind. I observed also that some pieces remained i signs of the hatchet or cutter used a prepare the copper to breakage (tab. V, 6) : which observation I have then view to have also done from eh. Mr. count Gozzadini. Notaries furthermore in deposit of Cere a bread reduced with the shaped hammer ret- tangola (tab. V n. 5) e I added having another wanted to reduce it square shaped but left in the middle the imperfect work, and now I can show a new example in a quadrilateral found of

T. I-V RUDE ABS old at shores of the Tiber (tab. LXVIII of Suppl. n. 4). Not I think of omit in this place that fragment that I it is was brought or now with other pieces coming from a deposit of Cesena, where he gives a bread metallic in shape of bowl a bottom slightly convex yes it is obtained with a hammer avoid- very toothy accept (pl. LXVIII n. 1, to, b). Al metal crude oil i Latins they gave name of raudus e rudus, e in this sense writes Livy in place aforementioned :yeris ruin. This name, however, is also extended to objects healthy or broken artifacts, if you have them in mind or are reduced to simple goods, not other considering that the value me- thallic. In this sense we read in the Digest {frag. 7, § 7, de golden, arg. 34, 2), that, vas conflatum ad rudein mass m .. . revert power. Ascertaining from the attached evidence what Vaes was call You shouldn't move roughly have place the question, if i deposits of this bronze are truly hoards of money, that is, deposits sites of metal destined for the foundry. It is state also searched if the rude aes had a deter- undermined. To which I reply, don't worry experience, because it is rare simo it is the case to find of the loaves metallic whole, e when also yes they found not one could argue from almost equality gods weights the intention of give them a determined value, being able to this derive from the parity of the brackets. In general this is true that this one equality of brackets can have benefited to an app- price whatever then yes it will be accomplished on scales; like this can hold on to likely who broke the loaves and the weapons time the he did keeping one certain imiformity : but it would be against the experience e nature of things the claim that yes always done a drawing. Le reasons that they can be had to reduce the weapons ad rudem massam are maybe because bare removed to the enemy in war, or because using ornaments weapons of iron for the scarcity of bronze, he was coming back account adopt- perar this al change of goods. Anyway yes , strange it would be to opine that to the rude aes had ever taken the form of sword, of accept, or of spear why in deposits they are found these weapons whole or broken together coli' aes rude. Table L 1. a, b. Bronze from the Aricela valley. He was possessed by Baron P. E. Visconti from which one I knew that the farmers they had it broken like now you can see it and left that alone small fragment that now he misses it. His appearance coincides with the discovery of deposit aricino, that we know not having come in one piece to the Kircherian. It will be so from believe yourself to be one of the pieces components that closet. E phase in a bracket of a single elliptical shape thoroughly with- cable of low patera in a way than the thickness of the bronze melted inside surpasses the two centimeters. Its weight yes acc- it costs at 12 ancient pounds to which Varro assigns 288 scruples even at 312 grams, place I scruple equal to gr. 1.12. The ounce Roman of beyond a gr. 27.00 differs of less of one gram from today ounce Roman of gr. 28.00. But I often used one e of the other weight noting the ancient one pound of gr. 324 approximately e the modern of gr. 336. 2 fl, b. Aes oblong hollowed inside having of out the shape of one spacecraft found in the Cere depot and came to mine collection. It weighs grams 536, equal to one pound e seven ounces incu'ca. Who has more views the terracotta lamps done by hand that yes they o-ove you together with the dishes fime- bri in Eoma and in the pastures of Castel Gandolfo he will not find it strange the comparison bro these lamps e the bronze of Cere. Table the a, b. Aes whole as it is came out of the stirrup found in the de- Cere store and now in my collection. It is round in shape tending to oval, but defective on the left side due to a pattern of the merger that as it seems it is been impeded in form. Its weight it is of lbs 8 e 9 ounces e half. It's remarkable that dripping of metal almost across the entire surface flat: how much to the convex part it it is a lot irregular worth doing conclude that the metal it was cast in a ditch of arena. Table m. 1-5. I have reunited here these five pieces came out of deposit of Waxes, why they give us a sample of the round metal loaves divided into four parts. More because you can see clearly how the metal yes it is open the away around around for a bottom which therefore had to be mobile. The first piece weighs two lbs and two ounces : the second two lbs ounces eight : the third lbs four ounces eight and a half : the fourth lbs four ounces three : the fifth pound four ounces eight and a half. Table IV. 1. a, &, e. Strange bronze tending towards the shape of an inverted cone pro- learned from the warehouse of Waxes.

It clearly appears that le walls internal of the shape they pleated e but they are imprinted more angles e cantons but not symmetrical bro them. The weight it is of lbs four and about two ounces. He was broken further places with a hammer blow of which the dents. The shapes cone-shaped reverse have now perfect models in some bronzes of deposit of Bologna (Gozza- dini. Noie sur un cachette de fondur, Toulouse 1877, ed. sep. page 11). 2. a, b, e, d. The deposit of Cere he sends us this bronze again singular, the which one a everyone i signs proves to be part of of a large ring. It prove that the metal was flowed re in the form circular on several occasions. Its weight it is of ti-e pounds ounces two approximately. Plate V. 1. This bronze and the following ones I am been collected in this table to give an idea of the fractures e gods cuts when yes

AES BUDE T.VI declared by some in the opinion of the experts, impossible, not despite the evidence provided by Count Gozzadini. Better examples I am later came to light who holds a singoiar place that bronze of Cesena that represents an axe (pl. LXVIII 1, a b). The I also engraved on the side of the straight e of reversed in the notebook 720 pages. 718, 718 of Civil. Cat. It does not come from Caere, but from what is now called Collatia Length, and it was found together with others seven pieces in the half of a round tomb shared by as many deceased divided one on the other by a small curl e placed as rays around a center. Its weight is gr. 320. There were together with this rude aes little vases e cups good luck vore: i little vases with two handles e streaked in paste of colour black, le cups in color of yellowish clay painted in circles concentrate of black colour. 2, 3, to, b, e. They both come from Waxes. The weight of the first is of ounces nine and a half in approximately, that of second it is of approximately you are ounces. Le lines of cut I still am here in am- bedue obvious, just not you could tell if the tool used was rather a cleaver than an axe. Oo- gidì in workshops cutters are used with which it is cut the copper which then breaks with blows of a mallet and that yes it also does cold. In n. 2 you can see it the cutting on three sides e appear on the plane i repeated shots of bat. 4. a, b, e. Even this piece that it is as well ceretano it is rajjpre- heard from three his sides. It weighs one pound eight and a half ounces in approximately. It was detached from a patera-shaped bread as it appears from the convex bottom and the round figure in a. I am yet here patents i shots of bat in e. 5. To the two fragments 2, 3 triangular shape I like add- gere this that it is state reduced a shape rectangle. Pro- comes from Cere and weighs two pounds and four ounces. Ve there is one another piece in the collection the whose reduction shaped like this drata not it is been accomplished if not by alone three sides. 6. or, h. Bronze ceretano expressed in a from the face lower e in b from side left. There is something very obvious to note cut e in 6 the small cylindrical mass confused with liquid metallic and those vents produced by the inequality of perature. It weighs three pounds and ounces seven. Table vi. 1. Give her lands of Palestrina in the collection of bar. Visconti. It weighs four lbs ounces eight and a half. The its size it is represented in b, bronze tends to be square in shape. 2. From the waters of Vicarello now in the Kircherian. K represents the bigger piece of aes rude stretch from those waters. It served basic at Mommsen for establish that V aes rude e Vaes quadrilateral went equally, in the manner that Vaes rude pits of inferior pieces to pound and above pound i quadrilaterals, this which I demonstrated not in the prolegomenon be true. Also note that the weight of this bronze does not it's as he assumed the Mommsen of a pound, but yes of two lbs and in addition to one ounce, that is, gr. 707.20. It is found pub- bliced by Baron D'Ailly in the Recherches tom. I, pi. 1, 1. Its shape it is almost that of a cube. 3, 4. n n. 3 represents a piece of aes in the shape of a square rod with its base a right and others left. I have it found in one of crates burials in the necropolis of Palestrina; now it is deposed in the Vatican museum. This piece goes well with front that of n. 4 dug out from the waters of Vicarello e now in the Kircherian. Yes they also work very well for the drool come on two sides. 5-8. Net for contrary to every drool yes show le four square rods that I give below these numbers. I'm not too- vates all in one site but in different. The no. 5 it was found from eh. Gamurrini bro Todi e Closed e it was given to light in March periodical. Strozzi (an. IV, tav. 1, 2, 2, 6, p. 16): the n. 6 I picked it up I same in my excavations of Palestrina: The n. 7 it was brought from Albano al baron P. E. Visconti the n. 8 he had it the same Baron Visconti da Palestrina: in it is obvious the cut marks on the right. For these pieces e the two precedents I would have founded e safe proof that in Tuscany e in Lazio it was in use Vaes rude fit of rods square : full confirmation then there they will give the similar rods belonging to it to the aes signatum which we will show in the tab. XXVII' n. 13, to, b. 9. From Ponte Landolfo near Benevento in mine collection. Of this bronze which I have outlined here flat face I will discuss it again in the Supplement table. LXVIII, 2, a, b, where I will also give the lower side which bears the letter ^, which I hadn't noticed before. It weighs four ounces scarce. 10. From the necropolis of Tarquinia.

Very singular cast piece bro brackets closed, of that the exuberant metal of the is the subject infusion channel, as seen in the aes signatum and in the Vaes serious e in special way in a sextant of series oval brought to me from Ankarano. 11. While digging in Ossi di Sardegna in 1851 it was found, he writes the ean. Spano {Bull. arch. Sardinian 1860 p. 34), under a trunk of oak a large number of this aes round and flat convex that it was destroyed and he doesn't he reserved that this one piece for the museum of Cagliari where now is found deposed. Apparently that him Ossensi with these pieces of similar ro- round they imitated the shapes of severe AES that it was then in use in Italy. It is now known than in different places of the island yes they are then found similar pieces round but of greater weight joy, always though of pure copper unlike the qua- data n. 62 that they are generally composed of copper and zinc which we call brass. This piece in the drawing della Spano is been reduced to his half, as I now learn by the director of the Cagliari museum. It weighs gr. 1540. 12. In Scolca of the same island of Sardinia was discovered, a testimony of Spano (Bull. cit. p. 34 tab. E n. 1) in 1840 a full pot of aes rectangle or tending to the triangular shape (see BìtW. arc/ì.. Sardinian plate E n. 2-5). This piece it is also reduced in the tables of Spano, being of cent. 6 for eight e half of height: his weight it is of gr. 640. They do it feedback the bronze of Pale- strina del n. 16 of this one table, e the bronze square of Ancarano which I give in the supplement (plate LXVII, 1). 13. He came to the Kircherian area from the waters of Vicarello. There isn't doubt that yes fragment of one slab oval or round

T.VI AES BUDE how the other similar extracted from the same waters clie do in the tab. XXVI n. 1, glue alone difference that this it is rude the other it is marked of a trunk branded of a glo- betto between each pair of his arms. 14. Found from me in ima part of the Prenestina necropolis of stubborn to burial gods soldiers. Next to the head of skeleton from side right it was this little group of metals joint from the oxide of iron. Vi yes they see two fram- lies of aes rude, a dime of Neapolitan bronze col half ox androprosopus e the head of Apollo al reverse with part of the epigraph. There is an iron ring together, two fragments of copper bullae and two truncated sheets of the same metal (see mine Diss. archaeol. you. 1 p. 133 and the Civ. Calt. quad. 790 p. 477). 15. From the waters of Vicarello. It's a fragment of a plate that doesn't can say if of shape oval or round. It has none like but it is smooth and flat alone from one part, on the other it is convex. 16. Also Palestrina like Ancarano, e now Perugia, used 1' e.g rude square in shape. 17. Piece triangular of Vicarello of which form they were seen more pieces in deposit of Scolca together with the forms rectangles. You see forward n. 12. 18. From the waters of Vicarello. Piece which simulates the shape of one accept. 19-22. From the waters themselves. They are forms that are similar to triangular, rectangular, cubic, mixed. They are not the smallest cole having it of those which weigh just two grams, a whose example it is in mine collection, and another is found in D'Ailly {Researches, tom. 1 pi. 1, 8). AES SiaNATUM We learned from experience that 1' e.g rude it merged usually in open brackets, and on the contrary the closed brackets were used as usual to melt Vaes signatum. The shape vol- races of these brackets or matrices it was quadrilateral. From the beginning the two matrices not they approached in guise that they matched, but they left each other in some major or less distance of fashion that the liquid metal that it merged from the minor side superior it also filled the margins of brackets and this exuberance us let's go call drool: yes it is also worth noting that the two brackets not they see each other placed parallel, but more often from bottom to top oblique, so the quadrilateral with its slime takes shape of brother. H weight of the metal is not determined, but in most recent it approaches five o'clock lbs. I types I am from this first era branched trunks, i.e. twigs of sharp-pointed leaves similar to that of Chamaerops humilis, and therefore to the branches that the masters of the gymnasium like those in mosaic of the Antoninian baths in Por- tano in hand for teach young athletes. Today it is established the use of define the trunk strokes for dry branch e the branch similar to that of chamaerops humilis to call it thorn fish. The majority copy of these quadrilaterals, gods which ones don't yes it is so far found none whole, if not I am had in some number give it excavations of the terramare of Lombardy. The campaigns of Vitorchiano verse Montefiascone ne they put outdoors two very notable examples, and the lands of Ardea have shown this a third example per factory and weight very equal to the Lombards. After these crude and very archaic essays we will place those fragments that I am better art and together less weight. The extremes borders of them discoveries I am states so far Marzabotto in the Bolo- gnese and Teramo in the Abruzzi, ai which ones yes came recently ad unite the Roman found on shores of the Tiber crossing the city, in which equally that they begin in the Teramo area a vary i types for give rise ai dolphins that there they see themselves portrayed alone that is together with some tool of which remains the auction and it can believe that both rm trident symbol allusive al sea of even that the dolphin. Garlic extremes borders of this one second era or ai principles of the third can be assigned i two quadri-ilateral that they have to be left the workshops of Todi e there are arrived whole. The one of them has for type the club e al reverse the branch of chamerops humilis, the other figm-to an ox e al reverse the trunk strokes maybe of verbena. To the third epoch of the best art you have to see it regularly better fusion, it first makes the burr disappear completely come on three sides, e yes study that le two brackets match, so they don't happens what is not so rare to see in the quadrilaterals of the ages that at the front, the prints on one side are at a different level from those on the the other. It's from esteem yourself that the metal vi yes used which one yes quarry come on mines, that is, since we have experience in- Vaes rude, vi yes mix in a little quantity where lead where zinc and where the pond. Of provenance of these here- drilaterals not yes it is always taken into account.

Nonetheless it seems that not if not must of too much widen the region marked to us by Tarquinia, Bomarzo and Todi from side of Etruria and Umbria e from Velletri what it seems like the last term of the other. 1 types of this one age I am not still figures of men or of Gods, but signs and symbols taken from animal nature and give him instruments lies of use in life civil. It is notable thing that in paintings- lateri of this one class so far known not yes seen other that the ox though the name of money say it came to the axis, why with it was paid for the sum of fines in oxen and sheep, bagnae dictione ovium et bowm (CAcr. de re pubi. II e. 9) ; and it can't either say that let what Pliny has come true written {L. XVIII, 3) to have in principle marked the coin with types of the oxen e of sheep, ovium boumque effigy e that from this pecudum note was named, wow et pecunia ap- pellata (L. XXXII1,13). The two texts having cited P. Eckhel {D. 71. V. I, 11) deservedly adds that the he would allow himself not to subscribe a this sentence which they do not support the mo- net. Not it was of facts therefore that the coin was called pecunia but, because with it you paid for the value of the oxen e of sheep; then even if its meaning was broadened, so that every income from the land in grain, in fruit, I call it pecunia, here ex his rebus constai quam no pecuniam dicemus. (Paul, in Post. p. 244). Everyone sees that the eagle ministers of lightning and the pegasus I am symbols each of Jupiter thunderous, the other of sea god, from which second the tradition followed by Cornuto the Pegasus it had its origin and name: city zav Ttfffàiv (òvonaa[iévog {De nat. deor. e. 22 p. 130 ed. Ossan.).

AES SIGNATUM T. VII They seem to allude to a prosperous enterprise the wish chickens in place to peck avidly the polenta e of do hill crumbs of it falls to the ground the trijmdiuin solistimum ; than these businesses they are of an army the dinotan those two stars symbols of the two twins protectors of navigation, e al reverse those dolphins who swim between two beaks of ship. Then looking for a bond oh let it join together the sow e the African elephant yes will find if yes desire bear in mind this that yes narrate hav- nut on the field day of the Komani against Pyrrhus below le walls of Ascoli in Puglia : of that you see the commentary on the de- writing of tab. XXII n. 1. What then are these that I call rostrums have not yet been well defined for tridents, as demonstrated by the shape too different as I have already noted in an article {Civ.Calt. qu. 726 page 723), not seeing it in tridents those ligatures that I know- lidly join the extreme points together in the beaks, so that they form one mass alone. Alcimi types we see on ours separately quadrilaterals have been seen joined in other bronzes now lost or occult. The Mionnet he saw the eagle with the lightning bolt on it obverse and a parazonium on the reverse of one of them {Méd. rom. tom. I page 1): no trident from one side e the lightning on the other ap- it already seemed in three specimens that they found themselves in the necropolis of Tarquinia, second the news confirmed to me from the bar. Visconti, the which I also don't he pointed i types, not expressed by Borghesi, who no he remembered the discovery. I have said of above that Tarquinia, Bomarzo and Todi are i limits northern parts of the region where yes they are found so far i quadrilaterals of this class. It doesn't seem like it therefore that the Romans have ever melted or allowed to melt here drilateri in the city of Rimini, that is the Eiminese who have cast of certain grave Vaes, have emitted quadrilateral metals. Nor it is useful to oppose i clipei of gallica oval shape which they are found im- press up of one of they. Why we grant that i Gauls they used shields of this form, but we deny that they were alone them own, noting that in certain time too the Romans no they did use. Rome up of a coin of Locri yes lean to a clypeus identical elliptical to Gallic also for the sign that ask it similar to a bolt of lightning gods usual rays : can you believe it? dersi that the Locrians representing Rome armed they wanted to say- sliced by a shield that is not his. I'm not talking about the sword, because consists from the monuments to have them they had more in one way. The eb- drink to two cuts and acute at the tip with a peak cross for handguard, as seen on the Rimini melted coin, and also apparently that they have also adopted the Roman one, which one is represented on quadrilaterals, as we learn from the coin minted, where it is figurative the Armed rooster of shield of rod and a parazonium in the scabbard ending in the round and equipped with the guard plate which let's say crespel. Ai Gauls Celts Diodorus Sicilian attributes double sword one straight the other curve as it has noticed the Bor- ghesi {Oeim:, 1 page 337, 338; God. Yes. V, 30). It's opinion of the numismatists who these quadrilaterals are al- threesome quincussi or quinipondii e I they deduce from weight that they usually have of five pounds which sometimes lacks eight ounces more often sun three or four. Nino of these bronzes brings the name of the people or of city except for what it brings the epigraph ROMANOM. Nobody has any notes of value, this one he began just to sign up when the quadrilaterals were reduced. The mint of Todi had warned us of the decrease tion occurred in the weight of the quadrilaterals, as on the free money brale. So it was given to light from Passeri {Chron.nwnism. p. 193) a quadrilateral of weight of thirteen ounces and with the note of marked value with four little globes below the feet of the ox what about it was the type. Strange that would be and new the use gods little globes that of- they notice the ounce instead of the line vertical that scores the pound : but there is an example undoubted that we can attach, ed it is the decapoudio of bronze of the Kircherian of spherical shape e flat from two sides, on one gods which ones it is the number e on the opposite do it they see each other these digits -ì- : : : : : ; where the office of the glo- betti and della line horizontal it is remarkable, as it cannot be explained otherwise one and the other than per libras decem, as we read loosely in other VNCIAS weights VI, by way of example ; furthermore the weight of grams 3581.30 corresponds to it, made per ounce of gr. 28, a ten pounds, eight ounces, grams 3 : assuming then that the qua- drilateral del Passeri weighed thirteen ounces and was worth four pounds, will have to say that the pound was reduced a quadrantary.

Tarquinia has recently given us entire anepigraph quadrilaterals, and fragments minds that lead noticed the value with the known sign of line vertical, which in one is triple. Now, since of the two integers one weighs gr. 558 the other 545 i.e. twenty ounces minus two grams and 19 ounces more gr. 13, we deduce that the integers gods which ones now we have fragments glue note II e III they must be states tripondii of reduction semissal, not being probable the triental more of what using five lines is UHI instead of a V, and always being able assume that the whole weight was more or less of twenty-four ounces. A this era of reduction it seems to me that those should be referred to fragments of square rods which they bring the trunk of verbena for type e bro le arms globes, i which specimens were possible sitting in Cortona from Sellari, where we don't know if i globes are known of ounces that is of reduced pounds, or alone they allude to you. ) Table VII. 1. to, b, e. The fragment placed first place comes come on campaigns of Montefiascone (or Vitorchiano) ('); its weight is of gr. 2248 equal to six pounds, eight ounces and the same number of grams. Two o'clock faces are quadrilateral, but the shorter sides with them drool (so they say the metal spent between the lips of the stirrups) they are narrowing at the bottom, so that they give the appearance of a cone reverse. A second fragment found there that seems to be trending parallel has two faces the not ordinary certitude of you are centimeters, and, however does not have greater height of ten centimeters, weighs non- less gr. 2400. The news of the shape e of the burden it is on me was communicated by Mr. V. Capobianchi. It can be believed that the whole quadrilateral should weigh double standing at ordinary measurements of these bronzes. Quadrilaterals similar a (') This bronze was bought in Montefiascone and I had it news from him elle he bought it and from seller. I learned of then from Mr. Capobianchi that it was together with other bronzes from me described found in lands of There- Torchiano.

T. VIII-X AES SIGNATUM these two yes they were received from Marzabotto in the Bolognese area e in some number come on lands of Parma e of Reggio e I believed that they were only their own of Emilia and the Lombard nures : but here it is Montefiascone, here's Teramo, here's Ardea, from where we have deduced that bronzes of such weight e figure I am own also of regions from Lazio, of Etruria e of Piceno. Yes it is said that the sign place you know- pra let it be lightning : but it may rather be a trunk of the gramigna (Targioni Tozzetti, Inslit. botany 3 ed. Florence 1813, T. I, pl. Ili, n. 89): since if you want it lightning man- that would the tip to the trunk similar at two arms left- ral: furthermore in lightning le parts trisulche I am at two ends, and given that miss one, they would never have the trunk yes prolonged without there being anywhere to tighten it with the hand. 2. a, b, and, d. In Quingento, place of the municipality of s. Lazaro Par- canteens, were found in a terramare ten fragments of aes. That one of them that I have here outlined he came in possession of march. Strozzi: his weight it is of gr. 2350 even a lbs seven. It door in relief a branch brac- chat without leaves, that soles say branch dry. The shape gods minor sides is like that of bronze of Montefiascone a cone reverse: even it is the thickness h, e, d with that of the aforementioned Montefiasconese 6, e. Table Vm. 1. a,b, and, d. Kirch. Discovered north of Teramo in the district called the Turri place distant three miles from city, like says the sac. D. Giuseppe Mentori in his letter to Fr. Marchi, in which he narrates this discovery. Its weight is 1407 grams equal to approximately five pounds four ounces. Yes he sees in relief a shaft ending perhaps in a trident and in the middle to two dolphins. AI reverse only appears the auction in the field smooth. The profile conical some drool on the smaller side and a lot yes thins out. H Gennarelli (i.e. primitive money p. 17) transcribes in note one letter of P. Marchi who says he bought a dear price this half quinipodium from the cavalryman. Prof de Paolis that rebl)e from province of Teramo. On page 109 the Gennarelli talks about it again saying that the cav. de Paolis with letter of the 29th December 1842 he assured her that the frag- I lie it was found near Nereto in the Pretuzian countryside. 2. a, b. Found it in discovering the main funerary monument of Misanello a Marzabotto in Bolognese (Gozzadini, By an aiìtica necropolis a Marzabotto 1865, tab. XVII n. 5 page 53). His weight is seven pounds less eleven grams even a gr. 2157. All the surface of this bronze is yes covered in oxide, which, beyond at the middle auction it does not present to the eye if it is smooth that is if vi they're dolphins, as in Teramo bronze previous, a which so much yes looks like, also for the thickness b ; it can't even be guessed if the auction carried a trident on top, or two serpents as caduceus, n nice comparison between these two pieces coming from re- days like this distant e nevertheless of shape, of drawing, of weight such that they seem exited come on same brackets there it will make you persuaded or not there was diversity among the people of the high and average Italy between Parma, Bologna and Seggio e the Piceno and the Lazio. Ce we will convince you even better considering the singular aes of Ardea that yes will give in the appendix tab. LXVn, 2, to, b, and, d, e. Table IX. 1. a, b, e. Found it in Fabbro in the province of Orvieto together with other pieces and now in the collection of the brand. Strozzi. The his weight it is of gr. 805 even a lbs two e an ounce in approximately. On the two faces there is the so said branch dry, but it seems to me that it can be instead a trunk strokes of verbena (see Targioni Tozzetti, op. cit. tab. Ili n. 65). Yes still known as they are bad put the two together brackets more. one low, the other higher b, e and how furthermore the profile of the burr b parallel demonstrate that there was no detachment major from one that from the other end. 2. a, b, e. From Wax storage now in my collection. Bronze around wrapped in iron oxide. It's a small fragment of quadrilateral but not slight moment ; as long as it is the just example oh yes you have of the upper extremity, as can be clearly deduced from that canal and which runs in- I'll be back. The lid therefore that it settled on brackets had a basis or foot, that held him still while the me- fused thallus he threw himself into the brackets for the hole that vi it had to be open in the middle. A vestige remains on the face of the branch dry or trunk of verbena, e on the smaller side the drool has no significant gap. Its weight is ounces seven e gr. 13. 3. a, b, e. Found it in deposit of Cere with Vaes rude e now in the my collection. That's all wrapped and covered by oxide of iron, like the In'onzo of the previous issue and some other aes of same closet.

That armed trunk and the shape of cone reverse date to bronze e to the drool for the divarication of brackets, bring the Ceretan bronze closer together of a lot to the bronzes of Teramo (plate VIII, 2) e of Fiesole (tab. X, 3) from do them believe thrown into a common workshop. It weighs gr. 2104 equal to approximately five pounds and four ounces. Table X. 1. a, b- Fragment of quadrilateral of shape convex from am- bedue le faces. It's in the museum British e weighs one pound e ten ounces. The trunk armbanded that is above it of relief he has two particularity, why it is knotty and the arms are not straight but curved and it seems like yes thin out in the tips. The second is that vi yes you see a half moon imprinted on it countermark. He was therefore recognized the second time from- the public authority that I legalized because had value in that city e territory, where they will have it found. The numbers- esmatic by believing that the knuckles of the trunk they were vertebrae they have given to the trunk name of plug of fish, to which yes acc- costs in facts for the figure e thickness and progress of

ABS SIGNATUM T arms. But of sure those knots uon they are vertebrae like yes you'll see of then and that bend over of the arms is also observed in bronze following, though there they don't they become thinner. It seems to me that this trunk you look alike very ad a branch of the plant called Chamaerops humilis (Targioni Tozzetti, op. cit. n. 57), from which they once cut the branches for the masters of athletes. If they seemed rather to anyone nerve e threads of a leaf could compare its design to leaf of the Ficus religion (Targioni Tozzetti, op. cit. table IV n. 152) : but I I prefer the first explanation holding it by branch of Chamaerops humilis, to which it can also be reduced the bronze figure of Fabbro drawn below, although good le arms not they are acute. 2. a, b, e. From closet of Fabbro in territory of Orvieto now in the collection Strozzi. It weighs gr. 1110 even to pounds three, ounces four or so. The surfaces of this fragment I am flat, that cord formed from drool bro le brackets not it is cuneiform having le lines of outline parallel. I already have noticed that le arms of the branch that is expressed on the two faces don't go straight up, but they curve, yet I am not less acute at the top no more wide to basic. 3. à, 6, e. Only leftover of closet of approximately seventy pieces found near Fiesole. It is kept in Florence from talents Andrea Carlo GargioUi. It weighs gr. 1344 even a lbs three, eight ounces. This is it the first example of the branch with more of two arms whose distance confirms us in the opinion that be a trunk of verbena. The two brackets do not match here either: the drool between of them brackets It's quite successful cuneiform. Table XI. 1. fl, b. Found in the Vulci hoard, but now in the Kircheian. It weighs 387 grams, equal to one pound and two ounces and a half approximately. The trunk strokes however very broken yes con- front enough with the branch strokes of Blacksmith (T.X 2) from one of faces e col trunk of Chamaerops (ibid. n. 1) on the other. 2. a, b. It is in the British Museum and its provenance is unknown. The bronze it is whole and plano-convex shape : represents from one of face one club, on the other a branch of Chamaerops a which yes they are imprinted a each global line beauties they seem be inside look for it like this of rings of which we will have bright examples of then. The its weight it is of gr. 1509.38 even to five pounds minus ounces three approximately. Table XIL 1. a, 6. It is in the Museum of Pesaro and was given by Passeri (Parai. 1. 1, 2). He then passed in tables of Carelli XLI, 2. Lo describes Lanzi (Wise tab. II p. 127 n. 5). My drawing, if no except the excess metal that I have copied from Ca- relli, comes from a chalk that I am procured. I con- come back with a bang they also recur in others pieces, what they seem exited come on workshops of Todi placing them compared to the world of tab. XVII. Represent from a side the dolphin, from- the other the trunk braided with small globes in the relief rings to the points where le arms they leave from the trunk. Its weight it is of gr. 900, i.e of two lbs e eight ounces approximately. 2. a, b. It is in the Kircherian and comes from the storage room of the Aric- bye. And it represents two on one side dolphins and on the other the trunk armbanded with certain vestiges of the relief rings on the trunk to intervals of arms. 3. to, b. In the Museum British of unknown origin; it seems though of the same China, whence was issued the bronze of n. 1. The Poole in Catalogne p. 38 left uncertain the type of back where I, using chalk, traced the trunk armbanded seize rings on centers of arms. Table XIII. 1. fl, b. From collection Earnings now in British Museum e printed in the Catalog page. 29. He was seen e described by P. Lanzi (Wise t. 11 page 102 2=" ed.). His weighs it is of gr. 1593,691 equal to four pounds, nine ounces, approximately. Mommsen's note (Blacas, H.t. 1 p. 381) is to be amended give yourself. The Carelli tab. XL, 1 does not give the quadrilateral described from Lanzi, but the Borgian, who was seen by the Eckhel and is now in the National Museum of Naples (see it on plate LXIX, 2). These two I am authentic: but not that that Caronni he bought from Minervino, to whom see addition the epigraph ROAAANOM, not ROMAN as he writes the Mommsen. The qua- drilaterals that they bring with i same types as this inscription (if there are four) they are all false. Of what I publish here I have the copy electroplating, of according to me the chalk, and I have drawn from both my followers. Al Carelli it was look- very badly drawn what time it is in the Naples Museum litano, as we will see to his place. 2. «, b. From closet of Ariccia, now in the Kircherian.

Fram- I lie of quadrilateral representative on the one hand the sword on the other the his scabbard, where it is very well preserved the belt gluttony e the hem of the sheath that yes elevate in the middle to im- mouth it into the corresponding hollow in the handle : of what we have had a example in the sword col scabbard tro- vata in district of Huzes, e placed in the Museum of arts- shop in Paris (Revue arch. 1866 p. 184, 185 pi. VI, Q). The weight of this fragment it is of gr. 573. Plate XIV. 1. a,b. The type of the shield in the sample Gains were around tate from Lanzi, now in the British Museum (Catal. p. 2127): I do here engraved one of the two specimens who came at the Kir- cherian from Aricela's closet, the other passed to the marquis G. Durazzo. This above of his faces door the read- genda DIJIA traced neck stick from modeller on clay (see my History of Isernia Naples, 1848 page 182). We can't deduce if this one epigraph was done for idleness to indicate the mint. I remind readers the name of Macololuia graffiti on internal face of one gods feet of famous cist prenestina of Kircherian; al which one

T. XV-XVlt AES SIGNATUM not it was lent faith (Ilist. de the mon. t. 1 page 187 ed. Blacas), but which was proven true and engraved in Diss. archaeol. (you. 1 tab. XI, 21). The bronze of the British Museum nico weighs gr. 1623.30 even a four lbs e ten ounces, ours has 1580 grams, equal to 4 pounds, 8 ounces and 8 grams. The shape of the two shields it is elliptical ; in the first year there is rap- presented the umbo that is prolonged a right and to the left fit of reinforcing rib. Similar a this is it the shield used by the Gauls and known for several monuments. The second shield b brings four rockets of lightning shooting from a globe place in center back the suburbs. Something similar yes sees in reverse of one coin of bronze of Agyrium in Sicily known to Eckhel e printed from Avellino {Real Bourbon Museum volume XII plate. XXIX, (1, Naples, 1839); the which one warned that this symbol had not received one satisfactory explanation, and that Eckhel had not provided motto; the Mionnet {Description, t. 1, page. 217) I said one cross., e the Poole wheel a four rays (a Catal. Sicilia page 25), but the circle of the wheel is missing in the specimen edited from Avellino; e on quadrilateral cannot say that yes wheel, why oval. 2. a,b. In the Vatican Museum. It's a fragment of quadrilateral col type of the two shields elliptical. 3. From the waters of Viearello; it is in the Kircherian. Apparently must be im fragment of quadrilateral with the guy of one shield elliptical from this side. Table XV. 1. a, b. Found in Castel Gandolfo near the country casino of the duke of Blacas d'Aulps who he bought it for his col- lesson the year 1820 (see the letter of Blacas in the nuaire Numism. 1882 p. 284), and has now passed into the Museum British. The Blacas son had prepared some the publication cation in the appendix to you. The History of the Cleaver romaine, which it is been published col title of you. IV from Baron de Witte, Paris 1875 page 5 pi. I, II. Its weight second the Blacas {^further cit.) it is of 54 ounces Roman, but yes it is verified recently e It counts 1495.06 grams equal to four pounds, four ounces and gr. 10. My drawing is taken from chalk that if not preserved in the Kircherian. Here me- dth there is a second example raised from the waters of Viearello very pink. And it appears from the one side the tripod up legs of lion and in reverse the anchor. It's a lot rarely that on coins italic the tripod imagine how type: if not except Crotone which makes a solemn display of it, like Metaponto of his ear of wheat ; five they are the cities that sometimes if no they are needed. Lo ago Temesa, then Naples, Metaponto, Petelia and Keggio. Of the anchor it's even more rare use; pe- roché placing aside just the Etruscans if he has one example in Atri, one in Taranto, e alone in Pesto is found used in four small bronzes. So seeing the two joint types in Lazio must be interpreted as a non-case ordinary, qual it will be state wanting allude to one ship- tion a Delphos, thing we read since the most remote times to have made by the Latins (Lev. I a. 56). 2. a, b. This fragment that from closet of Vulci, how he noted the Puertas, passed in the Kircherian, it was known to Ca- relli that I he said to tab. XXXIX, 2 ma not exactly mindfully. So Cavedoni in the description took the leftover of the tripod b for a vase he called god, and the Mommsen he then said it amphora {H. de la monn. 1. 1, Annexes page. 831). That's how much al reverse. Mine drawing it is taken from the original nal e vi they see each other with truth expressed on straight those that the Mommsen (loc. cit.) taken for lines oblique. They to me they seem pens of the wing of a pegasus rather that of an eagle. The its weight it is of ounces 6, deu. 7 even a gr. 177.82. Plate XVI. 1. a, b. Found in the Bomarzo countryside and placed in the Kirche- rian. It weighs 1686.35 grams, equal to five pounds and grams. 6.35. Kpresents from a side the trident on the other the caduceus e the tapeworm or lemniscus is attached to both. Similar here- drilaterals if they have any two more specimens one in the Museum of Florence weighing gr. 1628.00 according to Fontana (read tera added to the Decr. of the consular series n. 23), i.e. of lbs 4, ounces 9, ed it is described also from Lanzi {Wise, 11, 27, 8) and printed by Inghirami (Mon. etruschi series HI page 17 table. 2, 3, 1821-1826), whence the took of then the Ca- relli (tab. XXXIX, 1). The third in the Vatican and we have it had from the comm. C. L. Visconti (Period. of history and right 1880 , 63 following) of gr. 1678.00 that is, five lbs approximately. A fourth example with these types but with somewhat caduceus differently modeled it is preserved in the Museum of Paris and he published it the Cohen {Mon. of the rep. rom. pi. LXXIII page 349): weighs gr. 1680.15, i.e lbs five approximately.

This has of just that the noose of the knotted lemniscus al caduceus comes out a left e not a right as in three described: vi I am stay also omitted in the caduceus two o'clock leaves on which ones they pose i snakes. Plate XVII. 1. to, b. It was of the abbot Mascioli of Todi that he held it dear: neither if not later death of him Olivieri he had a drawing of it by the parish priest Giovannelli, which he published {Foundation of Pesaro page 28). More accomplished it is the narrative that if not has in Giovannelli's Diary: the news of which I owe to March. Antaldi who wrote to me about it from Pesaro on October 28, 1880, ed it is this: « It was found in 1745 in Rosaro in that of Todi; Olivieri in 1717 had only had the design ed the weight from the tedino Don Andrea Giovannelli , of which we have the Diary in Olivieriana; then in Diary said again tom. 2nd on page 108 you can see that from of course Valentini it was the quadrilateral same donated to Passeri and from him must have it had Olivieri >.. Passeri reproduced it {Paralipom. tab.I) and from him the he drew the Carelli (tab. XLI, 1). Mine drawing it is taken from a plaster cast that I procured. On the obverse . it is figuratively an ox that goes a right and look in front, -2

10 AES SIGNATUM T. xvin XIX in reverse there is a branch strokes with globes imprinted a relief almost inside rings up where the trunk germinates i branches. The his weight it is of lbs four, ounces 9, gr. 8 even a gr. 1436. It cannot be confused with this bronze the quadrilateral of Todi with the same types, but weighing two ten pounds ounces, of which coin the Bourgeois he wrote the May 6- Thu 1826 to the knight. Delphic {Oeuvres voi. VI page 307) « I con- sealed a do of diligent research above the of her pro- venience, come on which ones then I know that it is remained noted that it was found, if not I'm wrong, a two years ago in Todi from a village lano that he sold it for metal to a second-hand dealer, from whom it was resold for a low price to im honest collector that I good I know, from which was eventually sold to the Oli- vieri of Pesaro where now is preserved." Which news can well be true, although the bronze did not enter the Museum. Because the superlodato march. Antaldi writes to me that for how much he knows not vi has never been in the Olivieri Museum anything else bronze that had these types, that the above described, and such weight. Lanzi (Essay 2" t. II page 102), list three examples plari with these types one in the Museum of s. Genevieve, the other of Pembroke, later passed into possession of Mr. Bunbury, the third, of which one yes speak, at the Mascioli. It can well be that he meant indicate only the type of ox from one of faces, why that of Mascioli ha on the other a braided branch. He still scores a bronze col ox duplicate in Museum Borgia (Wise , 2" ed. p. 102 ) : but not there vi was never other, what a fragment with this type. 2. a, b. Fragment from Vulci, now in the Kircherian. A similar fragment is in the Museum of Naples and weighs gr. 654.15 (Borgia, Catal. ms. p. 17). This, ha of above of rooster which is turned to the left a star. The Volcentano weighs gr. 572.35, that del Borgia ounces 23, den. 3 i. We'll see the whole thing- drilateral in the two following tables, the types of which remain here a cock from a side and a rostrum of ship with two vehicles dolphins on the other. That tool that I call rostrum is called aviron, oar, from Mommsen-Blacas [Hist. de the mon. 1. 1 p. 175, cf. p. 330), e same there 1st trident; e so he calls it the Borgia with others and now the Sambon {Recherches p. 56 n. 6, 8) where it is written by mistake deux dauphins et dewx étoiles, instead of deux coqs etc.): but see below. It is also good to warn that on the indicated page where we talk about closet of Vulci it is said that some partially broken quadrilaterals were found there and that three of these fragments are today in the Kircherian : then in note (2) they describe themselves as whole: ces trois pièces ont pour type 1st a boeuf sur the two faces; 2nd an aviron avec deux dauphins deux poulets; S" one haste sur les deux faces. This way inaccurate to express quality of the pieces and the part of type that only remains to you depends on the story of Melchiades Ditches in the letter of 1842, 25 August, printed by Gennarelli on p. 12 of Mon. primitive: where we read that an olla was found five palms from the snolo full of bronzes, other dupondii or tripoudii parallelepipeds and ve no they were gods shattered, others of aliquot parts of figure axes ellipsoid crushed ed i the more they were sextants. The Mommsen still puts it in the list gods fragments with this type that of Carelli (T. XL n. 2), that it is given by me a T. XII, 2; in which opinion it is also been the Cavedoni {ad Carell. tab. cit.). Table XVIII. to, b. In the Museum British (Catal. 64, 65). I his types I am from a side i two chickens that they peck, on the other two opposites beaks of ship with two dolphins between half that yes they go in- against. Its weight is gr. 1491.70. Having observed in the print' of Catalog given by Poole the lack of the two stars in straight of this quadrilateral, that yes they have in- r exemplary of Paris, ne I asked to the author, that I he replies not appear to you the track: I have so reproduced the I draw given from him in Catalogue cited. Plate XIX. to, 6. In the medal cabinet in Paris. They described it Lanzi (Essay t II p. 10 2'' ed.), the Akerman (Descript, of rare roman coins t. I p. 2 ) , the Hey ( Mon. of front family of Rome p. 250), the Lenormant that no ha given also a drawing in the text (Elite des monum. céramogr. intro. 1. 1 p. LVIII, LIX), Cavedoni [ad Carell. tab. XL n. 2), the Mommsen (H. de the mon. you. I p. 330, cf. p. 175) e the Cohen {Mon. de the rep. page 350, 2), everyone i which ones authors han likewise written that on one side I am two" chickens e on the other two dolphins with two tridents. The type of straight it is in my opinion a couple of greeting chickens between two stars in act to peck ; on the reverse are two ship's rams seen of side and two dolphins.

To exclude here the idea of trident it will be enough notice that le three cusps are not free, as always in tridents, but tied together from metal which fills the intervals almost to the extreme ends. What if i beaks sometimes they show the prohmgate tips of fashion which appear to be tridents, it does not therefore happen that tridents have never fill the intervals. My drawing having the first time expressed the true figm-a of these instruments was taken from a good chalk. I don't mean with this deny that the identical tricuspid shape with the two lateral points bent in furrows me leaves are therefore not tridents; these certainly represent them to us the Tudertini present (plate LV, 5; LVI, 9). The weight of this bronze is 1525.50 grams equal to four pounds, eight ounces, gr. 1. In my opinion there is a close relationship between the two types. Because if we want them to peck in the two chickens recognize that they represent the tripudium solistimum , best wishes usual take in fists also naval , e the two stars I am those who protect navigation, i.e. those who belong iono on heads of the Dioscores, it is then no doubt that i dolphins they symbolize the waters of the sea, like the rostrums mean le ships rostrate.

T. XX-XXIII AES SIGNATUM 11 Table XX. (.', b. In the medal cabinet in Paris. He published it the Cohen (op. cit. p. 350 pi. LXXIV) after others. Mine dise- gno drifts from a chalk, and yet vi you can see it the ox whole, not mutilate him how the they do those that they have it given in islampa so far. The its weight it is of gr. 1385.90 or yes quat- tro pounds, three ounces approximately. If no knows a second exemplary that it already was of Pembroke (Num. ant. Ili, 119), bought then from Bunbury ; weighs gr. 1790.15, i.e lib- bre five, ounces 4 less two grams, not you are ounces how much him assign the Cohen (1. cit.). Me I ignore adun- que this that yes law in the version of Blaoas (T.I p. 331) second which the Hussey (An Essat/ etc. 1836, p. 120, 132 ) parie de trois lingots carrés du Musée Bri- tannique au type du hoeuf, qui péseraient environ 3 there- vres '/4, this is equivalent to almost 1703 gr. 89. Lo Spanhemio (De praest. et usu numism. t. 1 p. 22) e the Ca- relli (tab. XXXVII, 1, 2) have outlined that of the Pem- broke. The Cai-elli adds to it the drawing by P. Du Molinet (Cahin. de saint Genevieve p. 47 pi. XIV) that it has re- learned e prints it from a sol side : e like this it is reproduced by Montfaucon {Ant. explained t. III p. 164 pi. LXXXVIII). They call it quadrusse, but they don't report any the weight. Of that example, a to which thirteen ounces are given by Riccio of weight, and what hey he says he was in the Passover collection serious, then in the yours, I can't say nothing until I know where now it is preserved. It is certainly notable that the Sparrows is in agreement with the Eiceio regarding the thirteen ounces , but no yes you agree with the same as ai signs of value, writing the Passeri carrying four globes as a sign of four pounds , e outlining the Hey four lines in the same sense (Mon. of family ant. plate LXVIII 2nd ed. 1843 page 250). The bai-one D'Ailly {Recherches t. The p. 200) writes of have seen one false at a shopkeeper of Naples in 1852. Plate XXI. 1. a, b. In Kircherian not yes it tastes like waves , but probably from Vulci. Fragment of quadrilateral representative come on two sides the bull italic. It weighs gr. 430.39. 2. a, b. In the Kircherian. It perhaps came from the mar- chese Eecupero and represents i quarters rear of bull italic. Its weight it is of gr. 201.37. 3. From Carelli's tables (XL, 2), not from the original which is not yes he knows where he is. Mommsen cites in the Annexes p. 330 this bronze among those who carry two chickens on the obverse e al I show two believed tridents and two dolphins, but he also makes a mistake why I tool that it is al reverse it's a real one trident always thus depicted on the quadrilaterals as I it is this. Table XXTI. 1. to, 6. From collection Earnings of Florence past now al British Museum e given by Poole (Catalogue pages 62,63). I have it stretch the drawing from my copy to the galvano- plastic. And it represents from a side one elephant asian who go a right, from the other one sow which goes to left. The Lanzi I he saw e described {Sage t. II p. 102 ed. sec), and the Carelli he printed it in his plate XXXVIII, where the Ca- see writes, that Lanzi ne he saw gods similar, but that in reverse there was a sus or xm open, not one sow. But the sow it is and not a sus, if not only in the press of Carelli. After all the Fontana {Descr. of a consular series p. 3) had warned that Lanzi citing a second example plare of the Museum of Florence (II, 2 ed. p. 100) wrong « for- because this doesn't have a slut and im elephant, but yes a slut and a ox, that shouldn't have mention why work by Weber, round and false." Of the third specimen that Lanzi says pass Saved in England from the collection of Baron Stosch not if he knows nothing about it. It weighs 1681.68 grams, that is approximately five pounds. The Eomani they saw the Asian elephant for the first time in 474, Pyrrhus won ad Ascoli of Puglia; they saw of then in 504 the elephant African when won i Carthaginians Metellus no led for his triumph in Eoma one hundred and four (Orosius IV, 9). Not you would know explain why would induce i Eo- hands to join together on same bronze the elect- infantryman e the sow , if not ce no had open the intelligent gency a curious story of Eliano (De nat.. animai. I e. 38). The elephant, writes he fears the grunt of the pig e yes it has by tradition that the Eomani with this expedient they posed on the run ad Ascoli him elephants of Pii-ro the Epirot e so no they reported splendid victory : ÒQÓwSeì S èXsqiag XOiQov §orjV .

nVTù) toIvvv, (paal, xcu 'PwficeToi zovg adv lIvQQm ròì rjusiQWTrj étQÉipavTO iXstpavtag xal fj vìxtj adv toTg 'Po^iamg XafiTtgwg éys'vsTo; e it is said that i Megaresis besieged by Antigonus they took some pigs, and, a make them scream good, they already got involved e set them on fire and pushed them 'evenings against to elephants of the enemy innkeeper who angry the miserable in disarray (Id. book XVI e. 36). Elephants writes Pliny {H. N. VIII, 9), they get scared to a minimum crane- known of the pig: minimum suis screeching terrestrial. 2. a, b. From Wax deposit. Fragment of quadrilateral on whose faces the traces of animal feet remain barely visible behind the dents of the mallet used to break it. Table XXIII. 1. a, b. Give her lands velletrane found together with the other one here- drilateral that he carries a sword e the scabbard. The Eckhel he saw it in Museum Borgiano of Velletri , e he published it in the Sylloge I tab. IX p. 90 e I described in the D.N.V. T. The p. 86 e T.V p. 49, 50, then the Carelli I fé inci- dere in the his plate SXXVI. Not yes he knows how, or when it was extract from the aforementioned Museum: only it is certain that it never was in the Museum of Naples, where one passed part of Borgiano, which is demonstrated by Avellino by means of the Catalog which it was done at the time of delivery. In the Kirche Museum rian, where now yes found, entered the hands of the doctor. Emilio Braun that he bought it in Naples, e him they were paid 300

12 AES SIGNATCJM T. xxiv-xxvr scudi, Father Marchi told me, beyond a mass of grave aes what's more. The Mommsen everything he should not have ignored this e It is therefore surprising how have dared to question the way of the purchase, writing: This piece takes place before passée avec le Musile Borgia (corr. une parile du Musée B. why the other part it was deposed in Propaganda of Eoma) dans the collection de Naples, east came, no sait trop comment, dans the Museums Kircher in Rome. It was published again after the Bckhel from the Institute in the BuUeUino<&. 1844 page 49 following: but my drawing it is taken from the original that weighs gr. 1610, 99, i.e lbs four and nine ounces e gr. 14 approximately. K represents on one side the flying eagle of tightening prospectus the lightning in the claws and turns the boss on the right; on the other side the running pegasus a left bat- I tend le wings; of below there is the legend: ROW\ANOM. YOU-. XXIV. 1. 0, h. From the Museum Earnings in Florence where I he saw Lanzi {Essay T. II p. 126, 1), now in the British Museum. Mine drawing it is dug out from a mine cast in electroplating. Kpresents how the previous one the eagle flying in front bringing the lightning in the claws e on the reverse the pegasus who takes the flight a left. Vi we see each other again the epigraph ROME- NCIA. Weight gr. 1391 even to 4 pounds, one ounce e gr. 6. a example without legend I have it I saw in Paris at r Hoffman. 2. a, h. Found it in the year. 1846 in October in Tor Maraneia near the walls of Kóma and given in the Numismatic Memoirs on p. 42 tab. Vn, 3, 4. Capranesi then sold it to the Kircherian. It is a fragment of quadrilateral with surplus gods types e of epigraph that yes they have entirely represented in two quadrilaterals precedents. It weighs gr. 233, 17, i.e eight ounces e den. 6. In the version of H. de la monn. 1. page 177(') it reads Vauthenticité du lingot ayant pour type un Fou- dre et Pegasus avec the legends ROMANOM, yes must in- tend than the eagle it is completely lost e vi you can see it from a side one only part of lightning ed on the contrary i feet only of the pegasus with the ROM legend. How much to authenticity of quadrilateral entire era it was good established before of 1846, and yet Mommsen didn't have to write until then only it became unchallengeable the authenticity of it when was found the fragment. Table XXV. 1. to, b. In the Kircherian. He leaves lower of the trunk strokes on the two faces: its weight it is of gr. 302. 2. From Eecupero collection in the Kircherian : its weight it is of grams 111. I his types are on one side the trunk of ver- good, on the other the Chamaerops branch. On the trunk in the middle whose arms I am the rings are imprinted, but it does not appear there the globe as seen in the Todi bronze, Plate XVII 1, b. 3. a, b. From deposit of Ariccia in the Kircherian: its weight it is of 420 grams e represents from a side a twig of olive tree with on top three leaves, on the other a sign uncertain probably because it was dented shots of bat. 4. a, b. Found in the necropolis of Tarquinia in a burial coffin crale of nenfro next to the skeleton : weighs gram. 558 equal to approx twenty ounces. It represents two halves on two sides moons riots with the tips ai smaller sides. Me I had it near me me e the I did draw. 5. a, b. From the necropolis of Tarquinia in the Museum British I ha given engraved the Poole {Catal. p. 66): its weight it is of gr. 35 even a twenty ounces approximately. I his types they are the me- desi me that in previous number 4. This twenty ounces gods two quadrilaterals they try one reduction in system of Tarquinia, that there it is demonstrated by similar pieces oh they bring le notes of value. Table XXVI. 1. a. Fragment of round or elliptical plate taken from the waters of Vicarello and now in the Kircherian. Bring the trunk as a type armbanded with the ring, that here it is oval, on the trunk between the two branches. 2. ffl, b. From the necropolis of Tarquinia in my collection. Fram- I lie small quadrilateral with types of half moons times with the tips ai smaller sides. Vi you can see it the impression left by a strong blow of a mallet: and the casting of bronze not it's good done, being noticed by all groups and knots of pure pond. His weight it is of gr. 391. Others pieces of this aes quadrilateral I am in the my collection and they come from Tarquinia: one of I saw one recently the Mr. Stet- tiner a which it was brought from City of the Parish together with other small fragments of square plates e of quadrilaterals. 3. to, b. From necropolis of Tarquinia in the collection mine. I his types I am the halves moons times ai minor sides: but of singular there is in center one flower similar to a asterisk. 11 its weight it is of gr. 441. 4. a, b. From necropolis of Tarquinia. 11 his weight it is of gr. 437.

Has for types come on two lati im A of shape Latin revolt ai smaller sides with its base, and this same A it had to see from the opposite side minor, how we learn from following fragment n. 6. In the field out of the way where in fragment n. 3 we have a asterisk, here yes they see three parallel lines perpendicular to the major sides which without a doubt I'm organic the value note, i.e. three pounds : but it's not certain some others perished. If the piece it is, as it seems, somewhat major of half we will have a quadrilateral of approximately twenty-four ounces, i.e a quadrusse of decrease if- missal. *' 5. a^b. From the necropolis of Tarquinia now in the Strozzi collection in Florence, it weighs 1000 g. 221 and obviously he misses it more than half. 6. a, b. In the Kircherian e comes give it you dig of Tarquinia. Vi you see an A with two lines parallel; oh what he does the drawing of the type on the opposite side of n. 4, how do you demonstrate- stra from jet neck. Its weight it is of gr. 343.80, i.e. of one pound and grams seven.

T. XXVII AES SIGNATUM 13 Table XXVII. 1. a, b. In Kircherian. It represents a wreath of olive leaves suspended at a ring type repeated on two faces. It weighs gr. 1(57. 2. o, b, e. In the Eircherian. Half semisse of the form series oval with the sign of value, of weight of gr. 98. It is though in- signe, why reveals to us one series of weight the double ma- giore of the pound semissal i which broken so far you know- they go away. Now the entire cbe owed be of about 196 gr. makes us assume a axis' of gr. 396 i.e beyond a fourteen ounces. I his guys are the cudgel from a side e the Etruscan note of semisse r\ on the other. 3. a, b. In the Museum of Turin. Unique exemplary of the axis of this series taken cast fin from 1854 in the pre- said. His types they are the club from a side e the note of- the axis I from the high-o. Weighs ounces you are. 4. a, b. In the Kircherian. Only complete specimen of semis della series oval where the club it is the type of straight e the sign of value in the reverse. It weighs gT. 84.00 equal to ounces three. 5. a, 6. In the Kircherian. Fragment col predicted type of club on the obverse and the sign of value : on the other. It weighs gr. 47, but being missing of a part of it can evaluate that was two ounces and yet weighed 100 grams. 56. Mr. L. Sambon assigns to the pieces known by weight limit from gr. 46 to 37. The trienle should weigh two ounces and a half to be in series with a semisse of weight of three ounces. 6. 7. to, b. In the Kircherian. Sextant ad ounce not uncommon with types of club e the note of value. The weight of sextant it is of one ounce gr. 28.00: that of the ounce is twelve denarii, that is gr. 2.00pm. The Sambon assigns to the sextant the limits from gr. 89 a ten: the weight of two mine specimens it is of gr. 26.00; 11.50pm. A third to which a lot of drool is attached from the gutter of fusion weighs gr. 34.00. The ounce second the Sambon goes from gr. 18 a.m oh. 8, 9. From Arrigoni. (i'aes grave table V incerte 11,12, page 36). Sextant ed ounce of the shape of a missile acorn but blunt at two tips. Ha for type al straight im M or IH Latin, al reverse the note of value. 10. Kircherian (Olivieri, Found. of Pesaro plate HI, 7). Small bronze of shape lentieolar. Ha for type the iron of throw to one side, the club on the other. It weighs gr. 7.00. 11, 12. a,b. Brands e Tessieri, Vaes serious page 28. Sextant per ounce of shape oblong lentieolar as in series 3-7 previous. The sextant has a club for type from straight e on the reverse side a branch strokes with the note of value, the ounce has in straight two branches armbanded united to the trunk in with- otherwise how they imagine themselves the rays of lightning, but of pili vi a straight line is seen across the point of conjunction tion; on the reverse it is the single note of the ounce. 13. n Caronni saw these two fragments of square rods in Cortona in collection of Sellari (Report tab. VI n. 48), when they were states data already in light from Sparrows , ( Paralip. tab. I no. 3, 4, 5). He has them then reproduced P. Marchi [The serious aes, CI. II, IV nos. 5, 6, 7) but in the text (p. 28) has written that they are published for money, but what they don't seem like it coin. The type of both yes it is a branch bracelet, the whose trunk it is placed on two cantons, while le arms they lie down on four faces to the right e left: in the intervals of the arms there are small globes which perhaps point to gift ai signs of values. This one series of coin oval yes it is attributed in Todi for reason of the club finding that i Tudertini have it done type of theirs trienti ; but if it were worth it this one reason Volterra would be much more right for you, that doesn't in trienti only but repeats for a whole series of his severe aes the type of club; yes it is also said, that him broken of these bronzes come come on lands tudertine : but they they are found throughout Etruria, where not yes they usually find coins Umbrian. By recent. I have I had from Ankaran ancient necropolis of Nursia or of what other city of Sabina. It is for me of great weight than in deposit of Vulci all composed of aes rude e signatwni without a shadow or vestige of melted coin, whether Etruscan or Umbrian, only these pieces belonging to the ars have been found severe reduced. This proves that if the deposit precedes the 474 in what year it was taken and Vulci destroyed, it had already happened the decrease of the semi-axial axis. Tarquinia of he certainly had it too began to melt his quadrilaterals on this reduced foot. There was no serious AES in that deposit Etruscan but these alone broken of the series oval that yes attributes in Todi e vi allows use that yes ago in they of the middle moon for note of semisse, how pure Todi does it in his coinage primitive; furthermore the reduction of the axis that is own of Todi and not of city Etruscan.

SEVERE AES LATIUM, SABINA It was one time searched if at him ancient 1' aes pound yes said serious because of the specific weight, or why not it was numbered, but it weighed. To mine believe the serious name de- signed the original specific gravity of the axis, which was pound or almost pound, but of then that word not serious it could be given to the number gods pieces indeed to weight of many en masse since when he introduced himself the nominal bronze coin and was repealed the actual one. We follow the example of the numismatists who gave the name of severe aes to the aes melted pound extending it the means- cool too to the subsequent decreases and to all the variety of lbs. The aes gram of the ancients does not understand 1' aes rude e the aes signatum, but alone that AES of a certain legal weight often expressed with globes e straight and sinuous lines. This aes of weight determined not it's good sure when had origin and from what people. It is conjecture that in- began in Eoma at the time gods decemviri, reading that le fines in livestock established by Aternia-Tarpeia law of the 14th century renewed two years later for the Menenìa-Sestia law were then in 324 per the Giulia-Papiria law changed to a pecuniary fine- ria, in which ten asses were paid for a sheep and for an ox

14 SEVERE AES T. XXVII one hundred (Cic. de r. p. II, 35) : levis aestimatio pecudum in fine lege C. lulì P. Papirii consulum constiluta est. This conjecture ture it is confirmed by Livy (IV, 41) who made the first one in the year 352 once mentioned of serious AES in the sentence of Postumio at sum of ten thousand aces: decem millibus aeris gravis. And yet note that first there is mention of the oes and the axis, in addition of the quadrant and the sextant, nevertheless it cannot be done what to say that Vaes was rather grave than rude and signatum ; and neither that Vas the qnadrans and the sextans notice it creation of the aes serious, i.e of a coin of shape e of weight determined. The era of decreases subsequent ones of severe AES there it is unknown: e him ancient writers don't talk about it, but it's proven from our experience that from the ssse of weight effective it passed to the semissal axis, then to the triental, then to the quadrantary and finally mind al sextantary, in which era was established by law of 485, that yes coined the axis of weight of im sextant. This decreases they are found only in severe AES of Eoma, of Lucerà, of Venosa, of Todi ; perhaps even of the Eugu- bini, if it can be deduced from the weight of tresse, which supposes the axis of four ounces, while in the aces so far known if not they matter you are. AUa series reduced of Todi missing with the eagle the axis, but this axis is not missing in the series oval reduced, that was attributed to Tudertini. The Roman Republic he did not issue multiple of the axis, i.e dupondii, tripondii, e decapondii in the era primitive of the aes serious, but when it was already happened the reduction. I types of severe AES I am taken generally from class of symbols e gods signs : it was indeed of Lazio and Sabina the take by type le images of men e of women, symbolic yet them. Atri, Arimino, Roman colonies partially complied to this custom. Eoma he repeats the type of reverse for all the series, Ei- mini he repeats the type of straight. Atri varies the type of straight e of reverse. It will shine follows a system his own of which one I reason in statements of tables. The Lazio he repeats the type of straight pei first three pieces e he repeats the I pour for all the series. The Sabina, now not he repeats but duplicate the type which is it same in straight e in reverse, not now he repeats the guy, nor is it duplicate. Lazio and Sabina do not use it declare your name; sometimes it is a symbol or one letter initial only that vi it reads. Eoma yes inscribes only in the currency that melts in the mint of the allies with types not his: but when i types I am him themselves it indicates the mint if ad example it is It will shine, with U, if Velletri with See Atri inscribes the his name, e like this i Vestini and Fermo. Venous it is uncertain if has affixed the his mo- nogram in the serious book. Lucerà begins with the shortened series and he does it with the only one initial !.-, Ascoli of Puglia takes as type the letter A which repeat for all the series. This A does not Etruscan sca but Latin appears unexpected on series of Tarquinia whose meaning literal or symbolic however, it is an enigma. I settlers lights are i alone that have inscribed on the axes the names gods monetary magistrates or eponyms who want to believe themselves. Eieti affixes on straight le initials of one or two magistrates e for the reverse the initial of his own name. ETRURIA, UMBRIA How many do they have written around to the primitive bronze coinage by the Etruscans yes they are data for won at Mommsen oh holds this kind of currency not to be bro them front at 474 of Eoma. He deduces it from what the Trastiberina Etruria remains gata indeed in he hasn't that year own currency of bronze : therefore reason to want oh no the rest of the Etruscan nation if had it melted or coined. But this topic that spare like this solid has today lost all value after the products of you dig of the necropolis Tarquinian kept in observation they have put back a new one comes to light series of serious poundal aes in the re- manent of the Etruscan lands and Latinas I've never seen. From this one discovery it is been once again all defense has been removed from the opinion that the in- troduction of the bronze coin in Etruria dates back to the time of the decrease Roman semissal: why Tarquinia together colVaes quadrilateral of system quadrantary there ha given the own series pound in aces of twelve lbs approximately e al of there up to that found in 1875 with a four-rayed star for type repeated on the two faces of weight of gr. 368 i.e of ounces 13 e gr. 4. The tradition said Numa author of the aes rude, I serve Tullio of the ACS signatum e with our studies yes it probably is established that 1' severe aes must be state introduced approximately i primordia of century third of Eoma, and we have none so far topic who seriously fights these three eras, that is the Roman origin of bronze coin melt.

But not even the mo- net minted they can precede the fourth century of Eoma in which Athens e the Greeks of Italy they begin to use them. The series oval purred e the incuse minted series there are two singularity that they are found alone in Etruria. Around 474 when it was likely mind it was hidden the deposit of aes rude and signatum at the walls of Vulci the coins oval not only were they in course in- Etruria, because some of it were found there among those bronzes, but, what it was unknown, it had already suffered a decrease. This it is deduced from the fragment of semisse recently purchased for the Kircherian the which one supposes a axis pound , while i pieces of the whole series known so far they belong to a axis the of which the only example that is in the Turin Museum is of reduce tion semissal. They use the Etruscans in the coins melted to repeat the types of- the axis throughout the series : the Umbrians instead vary in two ways. The Tudertini, how the Eomani, they do them different in the five break zati inferior; but him Eugubini they have for costume, how much it seems, to change type three times, repeating i types of the axis in semisse, of trient in the quadrant, of sextant in the ounce. Ee- they are though some types out as standard ai which ones we are waiting for that yes you find the companion. In notes of value , it is constant at of the Umbrians to use the note Etruscan 3 denoting half or yes the semisse: where they go with them agreed i Volterrani bro the Etruscans e those that they pose the head of the priest for guy, e those that the Etruscan wheel al straight and al reverse, e those that blend le them coins fit oval. So it is deduced what an oval series or she went out from the workshops of Todi or from one city which melted in origin the axis pound e would be used

T. XXVIII AES GEAVE 15 of note Etruscan D for indicate the semisse. Furthermore the series that has type a straight the note Etruscan e on the reverse three half moons times with the back to center, not despite the epigraph of the cho lo axis declares tudertino why uses i you are globes for note from semisse, must not have been issued by the Todi mint. The axis e i its multiples are usually found marked with the unit I. There are though examples of the twelve globes. The Etruscans, except Volterra, and, bro le coins minted, Pupluna, Fercnas e Peithesa, they usually shorten their name on coins writing sometimes two letters M, ma common- one mind letter initial, where they do not omit this yet. Yetulonia uses only four letters. Fall, on the minted coin : in coins of confederation the city that ai his types inscribes the name of city confederate places it in full Vetlunva in a coin of which we have so far the axis only. A single- very fine bronze coined that it is preserved in the Museum of Parma nomination le three confederated cities like this Fufluna, Felalu, Cha, that is Pupluna, Velulonia e Chamars. The Umbrians love to do pump of their name on the coin purred e minted writing to you Tulere in the axis and semisse and on the coinage; Tuder, You in the pieces zati : the Eugubini always give whole Icuvini that is Icuvins. It's a singularity of which we had an example in Sabina, where it looks like have noticed with three initials SAF your own name in bronze only of tact the series it represents the ounce. E an ounce more yes it is that recent bronze that came into possession of march. Strozzi give it you dig of Telamon, on which if the before letter not it is clear but it can be read undoubted \MA>I that is easily accomplished Tlo.mun. This ounce has no type. In then others it seems that the name of city or whole or in sun initials be imprinted in alone axis or its multiple. Read it so Tulere in a axis, and A in straight V in the reverse of a two- pond, of both i which ones bronzes we have the series whole but anepigraph. To the coins already merged in three classes of aes rude, signa- tum and serious or minted yes they see sometimes imprinted gods signs, which we call counter-marks which however do not receive in the first issue, but after that I am go into business. The guessing otherwise not It seems plausible to us : it being evident that who merged the metal he must have you noticed in the shape or bracket how much yes demands why have legal tender. And yet we say that it is not necessary legalize it with other brand. Above is a fragment of aes rude brought to us come on lands of the Ligurians Bebiani near Benevento see- let's give it a good impression the letter ^ retrograde e of archaic form, and above a fragment of aes signatum probably found in the necropolis of Tarquinia now in British Museum it's im- press deeply a half moon: the half moon and a star they are imprinted in another fragment of quadrilateral tests- nothing of sure from the same necropolis, and owned by the marquis Strozzi. SuU'aes serious e on Etruscan minted coins I have no- tated a >l, r, or one leaf of ivy, or a half moon 3; these two last marks left on alone outline. The coins of confederation yes they recognize as I have is- bilito elsewhere to these conditions. The two or more names registered up of a coin that has for types of one of them ; a name alone inscribed on the coin that door i types on the other mint. Like this they used also the Etruscans for mean the them al- alliance of oh it is very certain example triple name of Pupluna Vetulonia and Chamars on the minted coin with types of Populo- nia. There should therefore be no obstacle to at least admitting as plausible that read it the name of Vetulonia on an axis i which types I'm from a side the wheel ad eight rays e on the other the anchor, types already known in the series of Chamars and cities in- say come on them initials yes, 5, >J, A, series though not reduced e having constantly for type the wheel a you are spokes, not eight like the one that door the name of Vetlunva. The controversial axis that to the wheel types Etruscan on one side and the three half moons on the other joins the name of Todi and it hasn't the weight, not the manner, not the form, eh i types Tudertini, in this hypothetical of ours thesis seems to me that you find the reasonable his explanation. We believe finally worthy of mention the manner of coin the bronze held by the Etruscans in one their series that appears new and syn- gular also for the extraordinary divisions and the way to indicate them not with le usual figures but like on gold e on silver with nu- meri. It for a long time I am used it is gathered now in one series, in which he makes his show the )IC that followed from ^ e the weight of both of them warns of the value of 100 in the first e of 50 in second. Then yes they have broken of XXX, AXX, XX, XIII, X, A.

However, it is missing the minor unit and probably the AX, the AXXX, on XXXX e on AXXXX, the what supposed attention let's give that come true how many others for le discoveries further, le which basics are be with tireless activity and advice posed from Mr. march. C. Strozzi, name illustrious that I remember with sin- gular aifection and due gratitude. Table XXVIII. 1. Museum of Pesaro. Bearded two-faced man e crowned by lauro: the note of the pound him it is written above but its weight exceeds the ordinary weight of the Roman axis that does not pass the gr. 312.30: this instead it weighs 389.50. Al reverse it is the bow of ship time to left e repeats above the pound note. 11 Hey in catalog ms. he noted the analogy of that Museum of this one pound with that of Atri, how I learn from eh. Mr. march. Antaldi. It seems to me that it is been merged into territory of Rimini, and it is therefore considered the weight of the pound local. The bow time to left belongs to the second issue Roman sion, al what time or ad era rear you have to report this axis : which confirms our opinion already given, that in weight yes it is followed the pound of Eimini. Del rest to the rule established from D'Ailly there is some ec- ception. See below n. 4. 2. Kircherian. Two-faced bearded. R. Prow of ship facing right. The Baron D'Ailly has established {Rech. The p. 35, 36) than the prow that primitive axis is constantly turned to the right: but in the second issue that tends to the decrease and in series already diminished in the same way that in multiples it is seen again and again a left; of that I it is liked it give a example in if- misses following. The greater weight of the primitive axis is as it was said of gr. 312.30 e descends up at 207.10. Like this the Bar. D'Ailly, the which one also demonstrates that its reductions

16 AES GEAVE T. XXIX-XXXI cessive they are done by half in half, creating first- 1' axis semissal, poscia the quadrantal, which is half of the semisse. But he should have said that there was also 1' triental axis which shows that a decrease to the third has occurred, iìno to such an extent that legally yes he established the sextant axis, decreasing in half the axis triental. 11 weight more high of the axis semissal it is state established from D'Ailly a gr. 178. In the great warehouse of Primitive axes discovered in Cerveteri vi three examples were found plari of weight of gr. 143.90; 147.80; 148, what they look like try not to have done that deposit before of the era of the axis semissal. 3. Kircherian. Head of Jupiter laureate, bearded and facing to the right. R. Ship's bow facing left. ; above is the semisse note. 4. Kircherian. Head of Minerva time to left; of below it is the note of trient. R. Prow a d. e vi you can see it repeated the note of trient. Table XXIX. 1. Kircherian. Head of Hercules young covered of skin of lion that him it gets knotted al neck ; behind right it is the note from dial. R. Forward turn a d. e of below there it is repeated the note of value. A well-preserved dial of my colleague tion weighs 79 grams which would give an axis of gr. 316: but yes it has already been noted that them, broken inferior to the axis they usually refer to the axis of twelve ounces e more, although such aces not yes ever found. A second dial duction that is, belonging to the axis of four ounces it's in the Kircherian. The D'Ailly {Rech. I, 129) estimates that it is unique: it weighs gr. 25.85. 2. Kircherian. Head of Mercury with pileus winged turn to left R. Prora time to d. of below it is the note of sextant. 3. Kircherian. Head of Koma galeata time to left R. Prora of ship a d. e of below the note of the ounce. 4. Coli. D'Ailly [Rech. pi. XX, 1-2 pages. 77, 80). Single semi-axis in which the head of G-iove it is turn right e the bow of the ship is turned to the left. Its weight it is of gr. 127,750, and it can belong to the primitive axis. In coli. Blacas is there a trient remained unknown al D'Ailly, in which one the head of the Minerva is turned to the right and the bow to the left (Blacas- De Witte, H.de the mon. t. IV pi. VI n. 2 pages 8). The its weight it is of gr. 81.84 and therefore it must be considered first emission. 5. Coli. D'Ailly (Redi. I pi. XXVI, 2). Axis of weight of gr. 154,10,54 and yet semissal. Ha for type the two-faced in straight, on the reverse the bow faces left. and above it the note of pound. This first reduction was not acceptable put by some, but D'Ailly demonstrated this the reality. 6. Kircherian. Unique tripodium because of like that it is the bi- front. Me I saw it in the Kircherian, where it is not now is; though I didn't get it the drawing from the original, but from the plates of D'Ailly (Research., t. I pi. XXV, 3), that not well portrays the ancient. The D'Ailly ne gives the weight of gr. 254.90 m he claims on page 193 that doesn't it's a tripondium, but a dupondium. But the weight of gr. 254 equivalent at 9 ounces and a half approximately of gr. 27, that better yes adapt to the decrease here- drantaria than at the trientale. Then respect to the note observe yourself how of three lines requests to indicate the tripondium, if of median there is no it is only one left track, there is though one such distance of two lines extreme , that it would be inexplicable if he hadn't had to write one down in the middle. Furthermore of it mean line le tracks I am obvious. It must therefore be estimated that be a tripondium of quadran system such, e such opinion there it is also confirmed by weight. 7. Kircherian. Axis triental of weight of gr. 102. The obverse has the usual type of two-faced bearded, in I reverse the bow it is time to left e above there is the note of pound. 8. Kircherian. Axis sextantary of weight of two ounces, even a gr. 56.00. The D'Ailly establishes the normal weight of these people aces a gr. 54,166 (T. Ilpart. I page 117). It is notable in the drawing of this bronze the profile of the nose in the two-faced that from left it is convex, from right is concave. Furthermore yes has from warn to the way of treat i hair of front e the beard with a double series of globes in Inogo gods curly. The Caronni in Hedervary Museum catalog already has noticed that this way of dealing hair, beard and also the eyeball was held in his time as a pro- before workshops of Gubbio, whence they came, he says, all these bronzes: Barba et coma oculique perpetual globules sunt, horumque assium genus ex eugubiana Etruriae region proveniunt omnes, ita ut a nonnullis antiquariis Eugubio civitati tribuantur.

Which opinion, he says, is confirmed from a fact, of which he held account the Eeposed {Mint of Gubbio), warning that a huge number of aces sestantarii was found there together glue shape e that they were preserved by Abbot Trombelli: Eugubii sextantarios usos probat numerus ingens cum ipsa forma repertus et a Trom- beautiful servitus. At the same time to the axis sextantary melted it was coined in Koma the axis weighing two ounces whose extreme decrease was established by D'Ailly at thirty grams. Table XXX. to, b. Kircherian. Cohen wrote about this in Museum of Naples there is another example {Monn. of the rep. rom. page 349) : but he never was there, and ours passed from Capponi Museum in Roman College, e it was known to Gori, al Passeri, at De Zelada. Head of Eoma turned to the right. covered with griffin-headed galley with hanging laces : from behind at the back of the neck is the value note, X ; its weight is gr. 1106.60 equal to 39 ounces and a half Roman: whence it follows that this decusse was issued in the era of the triental axis. On the reverse it is the bow of ship time to left e upstairs it is repeated the note. X. Table XXXI. 1. to, &, e. Kircherian. Head galeata of Eoma with eresta of griffin e i hanging laces to tie it : behind is the note of tripodium. R. Prora a left e above the same note of

T. XXXII SEVERE AES 17 value. The shape of rostrum not it's always there same therefore I have cared for of express the remarkable variety that you can see it in reverse of tripodium e. The weight of these pieces, if- condo the D'Ailly, it ranges from 208 grams at 213; therefore they are from report at correspondents reductions of the axis in accordance with the law gods limits assigned from experience. 2. Eirclierian. Head of Eoma time a d. with galley that ha one codetta of hair for crest and the gutter at the nape of the neck a lot narrow: there it is also the note of value. R. Forward turn a left e vi it is of repeated above the note of the dupondium. The ascending weight of dupondi ranges from 151 grams to 200, that though they can respond at three decreases. In a exemplary found in the you dig of Holy Mary of Fal- saw it yesterday from me the note of value was missing al reverse of it. 3. Museum of Pesaro. Head of the goddess Eggs turn right with helmet a head of griffin e wide gutter to nape. Vi yes they see i hanging laces like Roma of the tripondium and the deeapondium described of above. The X sign of decusse vi you can see it left and right, front there is a sign on the face xm coin iron of spear. R. Prow of ship facing left stra e of above the X note of the value : the iron of spear vi it is repeated e you can see it below the bow, standing al upstairs the note of decusse. Its weight is 721 grams, and yet it can correspond to the reduced axis to three ounces, i.e. quadrantary. This one lance iron insignia is reflected in silver coined anonymously. II eh. march. Antaldi who explored the weight of decusse, mi writes that to this deeapondium the Gori (Mus. Eli: tab. CXLVI n. 6) attributed 40 ounces, while it doesn't weigh any that 26 e 17 money. The Arigoni oh he had it e the published {Num. museums /!ri(7on. t. Ili plate 21,22) represents it very bad ; nor after if it isn't seen any other better drawing. To me it seems that the weight yes al- how cheesy for flaw of fusion. EOMA-VBLITRAE Table XXXn. 1. Coli. Depoletti. Head of Jupiter graduated time to left and it has of below the note S lying. R. Prow turns right onto which one you can see it the letter V. Its weight it is of ounces five and a half. E. Depoletti, the shopkeeper who owned it, told me that him he had come from the Velletra countryside; and this seems to me confirm from initial V of the Veliterna mint, where ai Romans liked it of melt the coin, marking it the ofScina with the initial V, just like they did in Lucerà with the letter U. Velletri was a Latin colony and will have could lend this office of the mint in Rome before 361, in which year, as Diodorus narrates (XIV, 102), or in 371, how we have it from Livy (VI, 20), separated from the Roman con- federation, and in 416 he lost his citizenship rights. It had first probably issued gods paintings- lateri, two certainly they found them in his campa- gne (tab. LXrX, 2), e of these one with the epigraph RO- N\ANO/V\ (See tab. XXHI). ROME-LUCERIA 2. Eircherian. Bearded two-faced man. R. Ship's bow turned to the right, next door to which there is the initial U of the Lucerina mint. It's money of reduction quadrantaria weighing 2 ounces and de- nari 22 : nevertheless the bow is not as he would like the D'Ailly (See table XXVIII, 2), time to left. In Lucerà it was deducted one Roman colony in 440: whence the bar. D'Ailly de- leader that the reduction quadrantary it was already occurred in Rome in this one era. But this supposes that such series of axis e semisse with Roman types be issued immediately vi he led himself the colony, for which there is no reason. Lucerà had the primitive series with their own types as we will see, and the series reduced to weight of three ounces: it is so reasonable that the coin with Roman types yes I ironed purred when in Eoma erasi reduced to quadrantary. Note that here is the bar. De Witte (Op. cit. t. IV pag. 13 pi. XVIII) called reduction triental, or yes of 4 ounces, that that for us it is square tary yes of 3 ounces. 3. Eircherian. Head of Jupiter graduated time a dr. R. Prora time to right, upstairs it is the note S e on the right side it is the letter initial U. Its weight it is of an ounce and a half. The law of D'Ailly who the bow is turned to the left in the series reduced, not it's not even here observed. EOMA AND U 4. Eircherian. Female head in prospect covered of the helmet a three ridges : has pendants to ears, e stone necklace precious al neck: two lists of hair shimmered by the wax deputies fall on her shoulders. R. Ox going to the right and looking in prospect: in the ROME exergue. On the back of the ox he stands a caduceus. No drawing fin now he knew represent us everyone i details that we have described: the D'Ailly that it is the last publisher also omitted the e series the pendants (T. I, XLVIII, 2). The weight of this axis is nine ounces and four money. 5. Eircherian.

Like similar to the previous one, if not to this one the double is missing list of hair wrapped up, e the necklace too missing : however vi they see each other the pendants that are omitted in the editions, too from D'Ailly (T. I, XLVIII, 1). On the ox al reverse not yes raises a caduceus, as in pre-bronze yielding, but vi is a U acute. Its weight is eight ounces, imdici money and a half. Rare coins of this type have been found vato a exemplary in the you dig of Veleia (De Blade, Power Table page 57), one in the Moda area on the way of the Secchia (ibid. page 58), one here in Eoma in Campo Verano, of which I said already account in the Civil. Cat. (1877 page 7, 8). But in Puglia not yes knows that none have been found, and yet the Hedgehog attributed it to Lucerà. Now the waters of Vicarello that doesn't they didn't even show us a coin purred of mint of Lucerà they have us instead data seven of these axes, four with the sign of the caduceus e three with the initial U : their homeland therefore cannot be sought outside Lazio of Sabina in the which one region, not knowing each other that vi yes was one city with the initial U, it is necessary that there vol- 3

18 AES GEAVE T. XXXIII let's go to Lazio that will give us from choose Lavinium, Lani- viwn or Lahìcum prima of 416 or yes of the era of absorption of the Latin cities into Roman citizenship. EEATE Plate xxxin. 1. Kirclierian. Bearded head with hair in masses soak of water e crowned with a marshy vault a left In front I have you read UT. R. Aquila piscaria that holds in claws a fish and rests on it : on the back the letter R is clear, that to Father Marchi it seemed like a monogram, nor of rest yes he warned of the two letters which are clear on the obverse {Letter al Gennarelli, Mon. first 1842, 29 August. page 22). The Blacas {H. de la monn. I pages. 392) notes that the lesson of these three letters not it happened before I I published it in the Annals of the Institute 1860 pag. 242. This is very true, because in Eoma there were go two together exemplary but imo of them only he entered in Kircherian, the other he had it the De- poletti, on which not it was none detected letter. The type of straight it is manifestly of an aquatic god to whom he con- comes the marsh rush e to have i hair like wicks in moist masses. A this It also gives good support the type of reverse, the piscarian eagle. That R therefore that can be read on the the eagle can well be an initial of the mint name that he uttered this axis ; of the two I will talk about the letters of the obverse later. Considered le aforementioned circumstances, and how can't it be far away from that land, from where the double example went please me it seemed like no city could expect you more of Real. This was it back in the day of the axis primitive, a which we owe bring it back for its weight of eight and ten ounces. seven money, it was I say, at a lake which was called lacus veliìius, and for the city that dominated him, lacus retinus e palus rietina. The what lake not look for it in today's lake of Pie' di Luco, because it is too distant, nor in that of Eipa Thin, of Lake Long, why of them not yes come true this that of the lake retinus, the which one, they write him ancient, dried up it became a very pleasant field, hence its name of the Greek Tempe and because it was roscito it was called Campus Rosea and campus rosy, rosulanus. The Aeatini, Cicero writes ad Penthouse (IV, 15), mi they led to see the their Tempe. She it was before the Velino lake that M. Curio Dentato dis- dried up opening them the exit in the Black, so that though the ground no remained dewy : Reatini me to his Tempe duxerunt, quod lacus Velinus a M. Curio emissus interciso mountain in Neram I drained, ex quo est illa siccata et humida tamen modest rosy. The Velino it was one of those lakes in which, warns Oo- lumella (L. VIII e. 16), they were states bring seeds of fish marine that they tolerated 1' water sweet. Quos lacus . . with- old marinos semibus replebanl, inde Velinus, inde etiam Sabatinus et item Volsiniensis et Ciminus lupis aura- tasque procreaverunt: ao si quant alia piscium generates dulcis undae lollerantia. Two o'clock letters LT that I am in straight with every true- similarity le I say initials of magistrate that he ordered the emission of the bronze, placing the head of the lacus reali7ius e on the reverse the bird that lived on top of that lake and grazed good fish that vi he was fishing. SAUEA EALISCOEUM 2. Kircherian. Head diademed youth with flowing hair around to the forehead and to neck, turned to the left; behind the nape it's a S. R. The same type as the obverse but here the head it is time to right and has at the back of the neck repeated 1' S of straight. Weighs ounces eleven, money imo and a half. 3. Museum of Pesaro. Head youthful with tiara occult den- tro i hair time to left. Alla nape there is a bunch of grapes with his petiole well clear. R. The itself head, but crowned of rays turn right: at the back of the neck vi repeats itself the bunch of grapes yet here with his petiole. The initial S yes it has so far in the only example of the Kir- cherian: the bunch of grapes was unique to that of the Museum of Pesaro, now boasts a second example in 'uu axis tro- vato in campaigns of Nicotera in Calabria (See the tab. LXX n. 2). Except i described three specimens, the aces of this one series are missing of everything of monetary signs e of letters how you can see it in the following table. Or it is here place of look for its homeland. Let's get started from provenance. Father Marchi took no notice of the specimen noted from letter Yes, that it was late pointed out to me e to him by Mr. Gr. Lovatti, the which one I saw place aside with duplicates in the Kircherian. Marchi then wanted to talk about the series devoid of any sign or letter when he wrote about the axis, that from closet Only one came out of Monte Mario, e of the other pieces of this series he attested which they were go from the vicinity of Eoma and further from those touching the sea (Uaes serious page 61).

From mine experience I have that See- veteri has given a only example of this axis, Tarquinia it has data three: of the broken then what more or less if they find them sparsely also in parts distant from the sea. But it's a topic by a lot value yes is that of similar axes we have collected fourteen come on aqiie of Vicarello e from the same two semissi, ten trienti, ten quadrants, nine sextants, ounces seventy-three, while the waters of the Fucino they administered only one axle, not just semi-axles, four trienti, seven dials, fourteen sextants, twelve ounces. Not there is therefore doubt that the homeland them you have to look- dear in the Sabina. To determine then more particularly the place of origin, comes appropriate the simulacrum of the axis e initial r S. Il cult of the Apollo-Sun it was very famous in Soratte. A him it was done annually solemn sacrifice in Soratte (Plin. H. N. VII, I, 49): therefore Virgil invoking him the call sancH custos Soractis {Aeii. XI, 785); e Silium al Soracte gives the title Phoebeus {Punic.YIl, 662). This Soracte yes he also said Sauracte e like this I appeals to Cato (ap. Varron. /?./?. 11 e. 4); e so Saura named the city e Saurians yes they said from uu ancient writer Greek those that they inhabited it, naming he : the main ones among the Saurians (ap. Steph. Byz. s. v. 2avga : 2cxvgav(òv d' al xogovipaiÓTocroi). These Saurians were also nicknamed Hirpi (Plin. 1.

T. XXXIV-XXXVI AES GEAVB 19 cit.), whence it probably comes born, that Stephen attributed this one Saura ai Samnites confusing the Birpi of Soratte seize Hirpini of Sannio. Table XXXIV. 1. Kircherian. Head of Apollo Soranus diademed turned to sini- stra R. Lo same type face a right. It weighs eleven ounces e money seven. The Erizzo (Speech above the medals of the ancient p. 249), he says of have had im bronze gross- simo with the head of Apollo from the ima e on the other part, whose weight it seemed to him that was of you are pounds, but living room comes that a another bronze more weight of all le the aforementioned coins ha from a side the head of Koma ar- mata of a helmet ancient with n behind. R. Euota among which rays can be seen the same two signs. This writing, I I say, r Erizzo proves that the bronze with the repeated head of ApoUo did not arrive a you are pounds, why to his confess- sion was lighter in weight than this second bronze which ta the note II denotante a dupondium, which it is that of ours T. XXXIX, 2. 2. Kirch. Pegasus running a left e the note S. R. The same like but face a right with the note retrograde 2. Weigh five ounces e five money. 3. Kii'ch. Horse protome time to left e below around the neck note of trient. R Lo same type but facing right and down of the neck the same note. It weighs four ounces and ten denarii. 4. Kirch. Cignale current a left: of under the note of the qua- say before. R. Lo same type facing right e vi is repeated the note of value. Weighs ounces three e three money. 5. Eareh. Head of im Dioscorus time a left : at the back of the neck the note of sextant. R. The itself head time a right e behind to nape the note same. It weighs two ounces e two money. 6. Kirch. Grrano of barley and ounce note. A. The same type. It weighs twenty-two denarii. , SATURDAY Table XXXV. 1. Kircherian. Female head vault to the left covered with galley Phrygian ending in rostrum of eagle e cristata with laces pendants: at the back of the neck it is for sign monetary one club. R. Lo same type but facing right and with the same sign as club. It weighs nine ounces and nine money. The club yes he repeats throughout the series: but there is also a second series that I have not represented in the tables, where this sign is missing: in the rest it is very similar, ed it is pili easy a find that the previous. To determine the region it's worth quite a bit the know- pears, what ten copies of the axis they found themselves in the de- place of Cerveteri and that from closet upstream Mario if not they had with the club and without (ilarchi, Vaes graveiG). For mine experience two other specimens but without club they come from necropolis of Cerveteri and this medical city sima now he gave five semissi: what if we add you the nice number of the broken inferior to the axis put back by waters of Viearello we will find it very probable that authors of series can be i Sabatini. For people Saturday we don't mean it already that that he came there transported from Campania not before the year 543 (Lev. XXVT, 34) e flee granted to take room in lands of Sutri, Nepi e Go (Lev. VI, 5), but those who inhabited the left bank of lake of Bracciano, ed at 367 of Koma they gave the name to the tribe (Liv. VI, 5), which from them took the name Sabatina. 2. Kirch. Head youthful covered of galley cristata omitted of everything i hair on front e on neck : it is time to left and it has at the back of the neck the club : of below al neck it is the note of ' semisse. R. Lo same type but face a right. Weighs ounces four, one denarius, ac. 18. Compare the similar head in coin of silver where there is also the sign of the club (plate LXXVII, 8) 3. Kirch. Lightning with the note of trient e the club. A. Kind of same glue itself note. It weighs ounces 3, 4 money. If not they had two specimens from the waters of VicareUo, one from Fu- cino, one was found in Civita Castellana, one in Grualdo Tadino, one inPerfugas of Sardinia [Bull. Sard. 1860 p. 35). 4. Kirch. Hand right open and the dial note on the left , club a right. R Hand open left and left the club, a right the note of dial. Weighs 2 ounces and 12 money. We got some of this quadrant from Biccari in Puglia, from Eiccia in province of Campobasso, from Cortona e from Arezzo in Tuscany. 5. Kirch. Shell of the kind pecten view on the side in- triad: of below the club ai sides the note of sextant. R Lo same type. Weighs 2 ounces. From VicareUo if no I am had three specimens with the club, two without club. 6. Ku'ch. Concave part of the talus, below the club, above the note of the ounce! fi. Convex part of the talus, and the note e the club like al straight. It weighs 19 denier. VicareUo has some mandates fifteen without club, seven with club. 7. Kirch. Acorn in its chalice and the semoncia note on the right. R. Lo same type e the note of semoncia a left. It weighs de- nari 11.

VicareUo he put some out 18. SABINI Table XXXVI. Ai Sabines we must attribute two o'clock series following not alone for the large number of aces e of broken that they missed us given the waters of VicareUo, but yes also for the positive you- testimony of a suUa onica which one if not law the name SAF (Table XL, 8 b). A third argument gives it on Friday dervi held in the semisse, in triente, in the quadrant, in sextant, in the ounce \m type of the assigned series to the Sabatini, with which ones therefore I argue that they had ima confederation, also expressed in the axis with the two-faced type, imagine sim- bolic of the two peoples. 1. Kii-ch. Two-faced, perhaps female, with her hair wrapped around her front e at the temple e crowned of laurel. R. Shit-Head curio covered of winged petasus turned to the left. At the nape of the neck there is for monetary sign a ronchetta, which is repeated throughout the series. Weighs 9 ounces e 15 money. This axis came to Kiixhe- Riano from Sabina.

20 SEVERE AES T. XXXVII xxxviri 2. Kireh. Head juvenile with cristated galley facing left, below it is the note of the semisse. R. Head naked with hair wrapped in the same way that they are seen in the heads of the two-faced : of below it is the note of semisse and the ronchetta at the nape of the neck. A exemplary of this semisse it was already found in the lands of Chiusi (Gori, Mus. Etr. II p. 426 tab. CXCVII, 9) ed it was of weight of 4 ounces, scruples 14. 3. Kireh. Lightning e the note of trient. R. Delfino aimed at right. By below the note itself, of above the washer. Three specimens were found in a deposit near s. Germanus ; e there were two of them together dials of same series ed a sextant (Bull. Inst. 1878 page 30). 4. Kireh. Right hand open; to left the note of dial, a d. the ronchetta. R, Two barley grapes and the same note. Here the modeller of coinage should have placed the ron- chetta on reverse of the currency, as does throughout the series, ed he asked it instead on straight. 5. Kireh. Shell of the genus pecien seen from the inside, and note of sextant. R. Caduceus, the note itself and the ronchetta a right. 6. Kireh. Astragalus e of below the note of the ounce. R. The note same e the washer. The semoncia missing so far. Table XXXVII. 1. Kireh. Two-faced youthful with short hair and modest girdle of tiara: Above is the note of the axis that is missing from the bronze similar to the table. previous. R. Head of Mercury with sign of the pound repeated. It weighs eleven and a half ounces. 21. Of this axis the waters of Vicarello they sent sixteen examples plari, e if they had any four from closet of Cerveteri, others come on Monte Mario deposits, others from that of Ostia. He states Mommsen colP. Brands [H. de la monn. I, 185) that around Ostia was found a storage only of these aces and more copious than that of Monte Mario {L''aes grave 48): and adds oh from Vicarello there were 1109 of these series together with 13 of Roman series. The truth is that the P. Marchi matters only 13 aces col two-faced on straight e the head of Mercury covered of petasus winged on the reverse, that him they were mandates, I here e elsewhere I add ai his also calculate those pieces then subtracted, which they came later in my hand. In the place cited it is noticeable from Mommsen who in the vicinity of Trento it was found the triente, the dial e the ounce of this series, for testimony of Giovanelli {Gods Rezi, p. 81). 2. Kireh. Juvenile head terrible time a left, of below the note of the semisse. R. Bare head with hair wrapped around front e to the occiput but loose e curls on the top : downstairs the same note. Weighs ounces five e den. 18. Of this coin there is an imitation to tab. XL n. 9. Now note who came from Vicarello out four, and just as many ifs I am received from Corneto. Two ne they were seen jumping in air at the explosion of a lit mine in a peperino quarry on away of Genzano verse Civita Lavinia. 3. Kireh. Lightning and note of trient. R. Delfino and the well-known me- desima. It weighs ounces three e seven money. By this bronze there were found three examples in storage of Cerveteri e I had one already I give it you dig of Tarquinia. 4. Kireh. Ask yourself for straight the hand right open with the note of quadrant and reverse the two barley grapes with the note me- desima, put here al opposite for error. It weighs two ounces e den. 19. We had some from Vicarello 58. 5. Kireh. Pecten shell view from the inside, e note of if- standing. R. Caduceus and the same note of value. It weighs one ounce e 19 den. From the waters of Vicarello no they were extracts 95 specimens. 6. Kireh. Astragalus e above of it the note of the ounce. R. The same note in the smooth field. Vicarello sent us 581. 7. Kireh. Acorn in his chalice. A. In the field smooth the note of the semoncia §. The waters of Vicarello sent 361 specimens. NEPETE. Table XXXVIII. This one series a lot rare was unknown to Zelada: the waters of Vica- rello and those of Fucino did not send any examples plare : the Kircherian was missing however the semisse, the triente, the dial and the semoncia when Vaes grave was published. Brasi nonetheless place for dial the bronze that it is from me outlined in the tab. XLIII, n. 4. Subsequent purchases they filled a gap giving us the semisse, that now it is in the Kircherian, whose discovery showed that the authors of severe AES yes they were good affixed by imagining it the guy compliant a that of the axis. Further we'll see if the comparison of this one series with that of the following table XXXIX it is well founded too pel triente, that it is however conjectural, positing the type of the galeata head.

This series scores the note of value alone in reverse of the semisse and of sextant: there is so from observe than this note passes irregularly on straight of the dial e of the semoncia, furthermore that yes he repeats on both faces of the ounce. So it seems that they are one time been, issued more series e .that of the broken of them yes this was composed that we have represented. The analogy of two series can serve of norm for bring them closer le ticks, waves appears plausible oh this series yes exit from Nepi, how are we to prove that the following had for homeland Sutra, the which one city received one colony sent there from Eoma that year 371, Nepi he had it in 381. 1. Kireh. Female head galeata turned to left with pendants on his arms ears. R. Vase for two handles. It weighs ounces 10 and 8 denarii. 2. Kireh. Like similar to the previous one. E. Vase and note from the semisse face a left 2. Weighs five ounces e sixteen money. 3. Missing: but by conjecture yes it is supplied from P. Marchi. A it seems to me that it should rather replace with a some symbol al comparison of the series expressed in the tables. XXXV- XXXVII in which the human head does not go beyond the semisse. 4. Kireh. Dolphin who go a left and around the note of the dial.

T. XXXIX XL AES GEAVE 21 R. Vase similar ai precedents. It weighs sews two e eleven of nari, n Capranesi that I he says found in the region gods Dresses I he published (.4»?!. Inst. 1840 p. 253 tab. P. 2). Cease it so to P. Marchi, which he gave him in the series the place busy from bronze predicted. 5. Eirch. Shell pectcn. /?. Vase and note of the sextant. It weighs two ounces e eleven money. 6. Kirch. Club and note of the ounce. R. Vase e note above of- the ounce. It weighs 17 money. The repetition of the note is an anomaly enchantment, if this piece belongs to this one series. 7. Kirch. Caduceus and note of the semoncia 5. R. Similar vase ai precedents. It weighs ten money. SUTEIUM Table XXXIX. The problem of the homeland of this series can be said to be decided by the parity of the tripondium together with the dupondium in the countryside of Sutri, a Roman colony in 371. Before of the discovery I me I was prepared to propose it in my opinion induced by previous findings. I considered that the mint from which it differs they melted these bronzes had to find each other in half , bro Cerveteri, Monte Mario and Amelia, why three aces with a semisse had been brought to us from Cerveteri, two aces from Monte Mario, two dupondi, four aces and a semisse discovered a distance of seven or eight miles from the confluence of the Nera in Tiber and where they were stored with 27 Roman axes and two aces with the type of the repeated galeata head and a triente col horse bust similarly repeated in the assigned coins to Sabina. Now Sutri, a city located between Amelia, comes into the middle from a side, Cerveteri, and Monte Mario on the other, and it seems to me that good complaints straight to itself this one coinage. 1. Coli. Vatican. Head wifely covered of galley cristata a head of griffin with hanging laces time to d. ; to nape the note of the tripondium. R. Rotate a you are rays e the medical note sima = of the tripondium. Give her campaigns of Sutra, together with the dupondium of the same series. It weighs two pounds, seven ounces, money two. Edited in the Studies and documents, Rome, 1880, from the comm. C. L. Visconti pag. 72 ff. 2. Kirch. Similar type to the previous one, it just varies the note of value that here it's dupondium on the obverse e al reverse. It weighs 22 ounces. The Erizzo (Speech p. 29) he says of have had a exemplary of this dupondium (See tab. XXXIV, 1). 3. Kirch. Like similar varying alone the note that here it is 1' axis. It weighs nine ounces e imdici money. By these there were a few found four in little treasure of Amelia, three in little treasure from Cerveteri, two in the Monte Mario storage room. The Mommsen he opined {H. de the mon. I p. 187) that this series should assign themselves to Alba Facente and was earlier than the coin of silver from that city. In which opinion then on p. 192 removed every hesitation standing still recorded Alba among the co- lonie Latin that they had issued the pound coin. But if this was le lands albensi e the Fucino they would have due send us to this hour at least a wise. Now before that the lake was dried up I I travelled more e several times with heads lands and not me never came done to see you at all axis semisse, wow when the lake yes it is dried up yes it is seen some exemplary come out from the occupied lands go first come on waters. Instead they found a dial with six trients and three Roman quadrants, and with three trienti, two qua- dranti and a sextant of series above described attributed from me ai Sabines (tab. XXXVI). Table XL. 1. Kirch. Ox in large part race to left; in the field of below it is the note of the semisse, sometimes retrograde. R. Wheel a you are rays and note of semisse. It weighs ounces 4 e 18 money. 2. Kirch. Horse that runs at a gallop to the left. and four little globes, note of trient. R. Wheel e the same note. Weighs ounces two e fifteen money. 3. Kirch. Dog turned left which he suspended the step and moves the right leg: in the exergue it is the note of the quadrant. R. Wheel a you are rays, e the same note. It weighs two ounces and two de- nari and a half. In the museum itself there is an example of one gods dials, where the dog it is face a right. It weighs ounces two and a denarius. 4. Kirch. Tortoise. R. Sextant wheel and note. It weighs one ounce e money twenty and a half. 5. Kiroh. The type it is I same that al n. 4, but the note of if- misses it is omitted. It weighs grams 36.6. Nobody has so far view the ounce of this series. Grli broke zati superiors they usually be with us sparsely. 6. Kirch. Head of a Dioscorus time a left, at the back of the neck the note of the ounce. R. The itself head time a right. 7. Kirch. Hand open, a left the note of sextant, a right one elava. R. Lo same like, but the note is on the right and the club a left. These two bronzes are in series of tab. XXXIV and XXXV but with other value : there the n. 6 it's a sextant and the n. 7 one dial. 8.Coli, of sulphurs deirOdelli. Astragalus e of above the note of- the ounce. R.

The note of the ounce it is in half of the field e of below it reads clear the epigraph 5AF. I have it cited of above tab. XXXVII on trial that the series belonged ai Sabines. 9. Coli. Depoletti. Head covered of galley Phrygian cristata time a left e there the note S. R. Testa youthful time a left with hair wrapped around to the forehead e the note S. One second exemplary of this bronze it was at the Capobianchi, ed it was weight of gr. 180, and he wants say that it supposed an axis of gr. 360, i.e of ounces thirteen approximately. Now if he has one third exemplary of weight of gr. 170. 10. Give her tab. of Carelli LVIII, 6. Astragalus repeated al ro- old, how in the tab. XXXV, but without of the mo sign netal of club e without the note of the ounce. 11-13. From Arigoni. (T. Ili tab. The, n. 23). The type of these three bronzes is the astragalus repeated in reverse, but with this particularity, which in there is a straight line from the Triente above a vase with two handles and a crescent moon underneath (id. ib. tab. 14 n. 37): in dial I am there two instead clubs, one o'clock of

22 AES GEAVE T. XLI-XLIII below, r another above: in the kitchen {ì<\. hee. tab. 19 no. 74) y'è the note of value e the club ri^jetuta on the obverse and on the reverse- scio, similar in food to the ounce in the table. XXXV n. 6, but less lower than half by weight (id. ib. tab. 19 n. 74). The March. Eroli narrates (Bull. Instit. 1881 page 221) of have seen in Amelia a similar bronze. PKAENESTE Table XII. This table and the following five represent several bronzes that doesn't yes they are could so far assign even conjecturally ture to any mint : however, two series od are to be excepted some pieces, a which yes you can attribute with verisimilitude the homeland. A third series there is less of a gap than the two pre- said and must say of Tarquinia, however not you can explain the note A for initial of that mint. 1. Coli. Martinetti. Head of lion mass of prospectus in act to bite a dagger the whose handle is a right. R. Bust of horse above base that carries in the middle a rectangular hollow triangle in a way counter-brand. The horse it is face a sini- stra and it has a sign ahead of it monetary a caduceus. It weighs eleven ounces e three money. It was found in the necropolis of Pa- lestrina with more missing example of the aforementioned sign and recess. Its weight was gr. 225 that is seven ounces and so- you say money. A semisse similar to that one was found there together that I will give in the table XLIV, 1. Hour yes there was a new example plare with the crescent moon sign found between Val Mon- tone and Montefortino (See the tab. LXIX, 1). 2. Kirch. Head perhaps female with short hair and belted around more doubles from one band to another of diadem. R. Barley grape, upstairs a caduceus, of below the note of semisse. It weighs ounces you are : a another specimen of the Kircherian weighs four ounces e twenty denarii. It is in my opinion that the semisse e the dial of this one table are to be joined together with the iisse, for the clue that he gives me some the monetary sign of the caduceus. Also Father Marchi he had thought oh the two broken they should stay together for I same reason {La stipe page 10). 3. Coli. my. Ox frotoma face a left and watching of pro- I wait with the muzzle wrong. R. Clava again shaped like a sun knot in the middle. It weighs ounces three, money imo and a half. It was found in territory of Gallicano near s. Shepherd. 4. Kirch. Astro at sixteen rays. R. A clypeus with umbo and above of it the caduceus or monetary sign, with the note from here- dranting. It weighs three ounces and a half money. 5. Kirch. Caduceus. R. Campo smooth. It weighs fifteen grams. By we have had fourteen examples of this bronze since waters of Vicarello. 6. Mus. Brit. Bunch of grapes with petiole. R. Spearhead. It weighs gr. 11.4 (Poole, Catal. page 60). 7. Coli. my. I found it in my excavations of Palestrina. Grap- grape pole with petiole and leaves. A. Smooth field, or rather spy- born and clean with the file e with small hole al of above, for suspend it at neck. On the smooth pitch some were made there lines double what they look like make letters. It weighs gr. 6.30. Table XLII. 1. Kii-ch. Head of a lion biting a dagger the whose handle is a left. R. Protome of horse debrided face a yes- nistra. It weighs ounces ten, money four and a half. The Sparrows he had an example found in Perugia (Parai- tab. Vili n. 5; cf Olivieri, Fond. of Pesaro tab. IV, 1). 2. Kirch. Head perhaps female with short hair and belted double tour. R. Barley grape, below is the note of the semisse. Weighs ounces you are. From the waters of Vicarello if there were two specimens. 3. Kirch. Sixteen-rayed star. R. Clypeus with umbo in the middle, e the note of dial- Weighs about two ounces and a half. Ve there is an example in the British Museum (Catal- p. 81) of weight of four ounces in approximately. Poole attributed it to Gub- organic : but the Eugubinians have no axes greater than the weight of seven ounces. 4. Kirch. Other quadrant placed here with the following sections, but they do not belong to the Prenestina series which ends with n. 3. Vase with two handles with the note of dial. R. Grap- grape polo with a little of branch. Weighs ounces two, 15 denarii and a half (Capranesi, Bull. Inst. 1835 p. 43). 5. Kircli. Swastika, or cross said of Gaza R. Nel center it is the globule note of the ounce and next door one counter tide similar ad a triangle open from a side. It weighs approximately an ounce. Le waters of Vicarello ce no they have mandate 23 specimens. 6. Kirch. Club and note of the ounce. R. Pentagon and in between the note itself. It weighs one ounce and a money. 7. Kirch. External of shell pecten. R. Pentagon glue note of the ounce in center. It weighs 21 money. TIBUE, Table XLIII. The axis, the trient and the sextant We don't know where this table came from come from, him others pieces yes I am found in the countryside tiburtine: more that others the ounce e the semoncia in four specimens each e the semisse in two there were man- data from those lands.

The axis ve I have it awarded I take- giving it a topic from cult of Hercules which is represented there daddy, and why the grifo can well symbolize le fates, that they were preserved in the temple sumptuous dedicated a that god, and it may well too allude to the Apollonian oracle, dan- doses there are the answers, for which the sibyl Albuna had risen in so much fame of wisdom e venerated as goddess. 1. Coli. Santangelo. Head of young Hercules wedding blanket leonine daughter time a right. R. Protome of griffin time equally a right. It weighs ounces ten e gr. Three. 2. Kirch. Signal face a right, above of which one there is the note retrograde of the semisse. R. Vase a wide mouth e to two handles. It weighs four ounces e seventeen denarii. Tivoli ce he sent two copies. Capranesi (Ann. Instit. 1840 tab. Q p. 210) which he owned this exemplary he says that the bar. D'Ailly ne bought one in Naples which was then lost. 3. Kirch. Eagle standing e repellent a right. R. Sepia with four tentacles and note of trient. Of this bronze was-

T. XLIV-XLVr AES GKAVE 23 Two specimens were found in Amelia (Marcili, work XI n. 3, Bull. Instit. ISSI page 221). 4. Eircli. Elmo Phrygian with pillows e crest face a right e the note of quadrant. R. Vase with two handles with lid and the note itself. It weighs two ounces and fifteen denarii. I don't I saw an example a Tivoli. 5. Kirch. Tortoise e note of the sextant. R. Serpent protome bearded and with in chief the crest, e vi yes he repeats the note same. It weighs one ounce e seventeen money. G. Kirch. Vase from milk e ounce note. R. Pedum or let it be ba- pastoral stone e the ounce note. It weighs twenty-two denarii and half. The ounce e the semoncia they come from the countryside of Tivoli. 7. Kirch. Scarab. R. Fiore. It weighs money sixteen e half. Of this little thing e of the ounce I saw four examples plari that everyone came from the countryside of Tivoli. Table XLIV. In this table they are some joined non-standard and off-the-shelf parts Venience generally unknown if not except the semisse e the sextant n. 4. 1. Kirch. Protome of beef time a right R. Prora of ship e the note of semisse. ^Weighs five ounces, one denarius and a half. One second an example was found in Palestrina together with the axis which it represents the lion's head with the dagger between the teeth, and on the reverse the protome of horse with the insignia of caduceus. 2. Kirch. Head of boar time a right e note from trient. R. Barbito five strings e the aforementioned note. It weighs ounces four e twenty denarii; in another example 3 ounces and denarii fifteen. 3. Kirch. Protome of mutton time a left and note where dranting. R. Testa, parmi, of eel facing left. and note of dial. Weighs ounces two e den. 18. 4. Kirch. Iron of trident and sextant note. R. Àncora and the same note. It weighs one ounce and 22 money. 5. Museum of Vienna. Iron of trident. R. Fascio of rods e note from sextant. 6. Kirch. Grape of barley in the middle: upstairs lA di sotto M and the note of the ounce. R. Fiore ad eight petals. It weighs 17 money. 7. Kirch. Head of pork : upstairs there is the note of sextant: Of course that the modeler has transported on the obverse the V\ backwards because there was no room left from reverse. of below the letter AA R. Lo same guy, the note missing, of below to head there is GO retrograde. It weighs two ounces. 8. Museum of Vienna. It's a chrysalis that is a caterpillar. R. Lo same type. 9. Kirch. It is uncertain if they have wanted put here a snail naked, or an òrCcrxog, little earth pig. R.'In the field there is the note of the trient. It weighs nine and a half grams. There is a specimen in the British Museum in whose obverse the Poole he believed she was represented the crescent moon {Catal. page 61). 10. Kirch. G-bunch of grapes with stalk e leaves. R. Fiore a four petals. It weighs one ounce and two denarii and a half. There is a specimen in the British Museum weighing twenty-four grams {Catal. page 39). 11. From Ai-igoni (T.HI, tab. 18 n. 62, 64). Waxing moon with star a you are rays. A. Six globes around a seventh that it is in center. Nella plate LXVI, 17 no I have given im bronze with similar guy, in this alone different that here they are missing from the law the three little globes are stars around the sun. Table XLV. 1. Kirch. Two-handled vase and trient note. R. Drinking horn each of donkey e vi is repeated the same note. 2. Coli. KoUer (Pinder, Numism. ani. ined., 1834, which erroneously mind calls him quad-ante). Head with hair scattered down described by the publisher as a Medusa : below is the trient note. R. Fiore a six petals e the same note. 3. Kirch. Dog skin placed in front : upstairs there is the note of the dial. R. Head of dog put equally of pro- I wait, e of below to it the same night. It weighs four ounces e twenty-three money : but it must be assigned to a people, the whose pound yes elevated to weight of fifteen ounces. 4. Kii-oh. Eana and note of the quad-ante. R. The triskelion or the three legs that leave from im central ring e the medical note sima. It weighs ounces two and nine money. 5. Kirch, Clypeus with umbo superimposed to one red plate round it occupies the center: below the dial note. R. Wheat of barley and from side yes three globes denoting the go- lore. It weighs two ounces e money ten and a half. 6. Paris, Gab. of medals. Euota six spokes and the note from dial. R. Caduceus e the same note. 7. Coli. Keller (Pinder, op. cit. page 38). Female head turned a left R. Head eagle turn a right e of below the note of dial. 8. Kirch. from the waters of Vicarello. A second example yes it has in the Museum British {Catal. page 58). Head of boar a left R. Two-handled vase and sextant note. It weighs one ounce e fourteen money. 9. Vienna Museum. The letter C, and in the middle the ounce note. R. Ferro of spear. 10. Kirch. Iron of trident. R. Ferro of spear and note of the se- standing. It weighs gr. 52.

From the waters of Vicarello if not I am had eleven specimens. 11. Kirch. Astragalus. R. Game case, the Latin fritillum. TAEQUINn Table XLVI. Before the recent excavations carried out in the necropolis of Tarquinia, the Eo- hehette {Journal de Savants 1841 p. 257) noticed the absence of- such of Etruscan coins in the excavations of Veli, Cere, Tarquinii, Vuloi and Bomarzo, and on p. 259 asserted, that in the excavations of Comete and not even a single coin had been found from Toscanella this one nation. So it was held that the trans-Tiberian Etruria not had had never its own currency. Or since this one part of Etruria came into the power of the Romans in the year 474,

24 AES GEAVE XLVI then it was deduced, that a this year was later the mo- netation purred of the Etruscans. These no deductions today they have piti value since then come on graves Tarquinians ab- we love had a good number of aes serious and signalum, its own, because only there and never elsewhere it was found. Alla three city Waxes, Tarquinia, e Go of twelve rebel- late to Servius Tullio (u. e. 176-219), after the victory for be stay le first engines of revolt was removed one part of territory. Tarquinia he argued others wars with Rome until 404, when he obtained a 40-year truce, e yes knows what he kept faith sworn. She was therefore granted given peace in the year 445, and remained faithful thereafter, to which it is also clue the know that in 451 the Roman army had free the step for le Tarquinian lands. This city had his own mint, where certainly in this century fifth merged further to the rude aes, e to the aes signatum, also Vaes serious. BelVaes signatum primitive yes he already had a nice essay in three quadrilaterals that the Bourgeois he believed taken to the Vatican Museum. These had as an imprint a trident from a side and lightning on the other. By that that belongs to last periods of century fifth yes it is covered in the statements in the tables. XXVI, XXVII. But of the new series of serious aes coming to light to the times ours dalia necropolis of Tarquinia I'll say I am state the alone a take into account being here in Rome, e to note the origin of those coins that are today found scattered around museums without indication of place. The first axis that I have outlined in mine table was then subsequently followed from the back vation of another six specimens, among i which was what now it is placed in the Museum of the University of Turin (Fabretti, The Museum of Antiquities of r. Univ. of Tor., 1872 § 41; cf. J. de Witte, H.de the cleaver ed. of Blaoas, T.IV page 14). So it was still known that I had already could establish where at all the series, a which was not lacking that the semisse. He came then this again from those you dig, e we have to al cav. Gamurrini that it has deposed in Kircherian. The Fabretti had warned i his readers (1. cit.) that yes they waited from me the whole series that now public, in which, moreover, there is the dial and the trient, that vi they stand for my conjecture founded on discoveries done even earlier in the countryside and in the necropolis. Not I have to omit here that now we have a new axis with type of a repeating four-rayed star on the reverse, that will be given in the supplementary table LXX, n. 1. 1. Coli. Capobianchi. Protome of a boar turning left. R. Ferro of spear. It is the first of the seven specimens that we now have. It weighs 307 grams. But that of the Museum of Turin no weighs 352 (Fabretti, The Museum of years, page 41). The specimen of the Museum of London of gr. 323.28 (Calai, of the Greek Council p. 149) it is been attributed to Venosa, as there were none known the provenance. 2. Kircherian. Head of mutton turn a right. R. Verga pa- straight history. It was owned by the canon. Marzi, who had found it in a tomb together with the dial of this series. The Ga- murrini he purchased it and placed it in our Museum. It weighs gr. 137. 8. Kircherian. Moon growing and eight-rayed star : below it is the note of the trient. fi. Eight spoke wheel. It weighs four ounces and two denarii. V is in the Kirch. a second specimen that weighs four ounces and nine money. If it isn't found a specimen in Tarquinia : oud' is oh I I have it place in this one series. Two if not they had come on waters of Vicarello. It's remarkable that if not let one be found in lead, which, to be pos- sitting from Biancani in Lodi, it was attributed from Zanetti a this city (Zecche d'/toiia, V, 451). Besides^that trient of lead comes to us from Tarquinia a sextant of same metal, that I give here al n. 7. 4. Kircherian. Dolphin face a d. e the note of dial. A. Again. It weighs two ounces, nine money e half. No it was found a specimen, as I have warned upstairs together with the semisse in the necropolis of Tarquinia. 5. The yoke and the sextant note. A. The plow aimed at d. It was me brought from Tarquinia together with the axis e the ounce of this one series. It weighs gr. 50. By this bronze yes they conserve in Kircherian three specimens without note of value. The Baz- chelli that ce he brought them he said of have them found in lands of Tarquinia. Two of they are of bronze, the third that it is of lead, I do here al n. 7. One of them weighs one ounce e 19 money. 6. Museum British (Catal. page 40, where it is assigned ad Ascoli e estimated bring i signs of he'ounce e half). He came in my hand with the aforementioned axis and with the sextant from necropolis of Tarquinia; and no I drew the drawing. In straight it represents the crescent moon and the ounce note in the center. Al reverse not there is nothing but an A. It weighs twenty-three grams.

This A if be a symbol or one letter we will discuss it of then. 7. Kircherian. Sextant of lead with the already noted types of the yoke e of the plow. But here every note is missing of value. It may well be that they have here how in Venosa two series each with the note of value the other without: because we have also the semisse that ne it is deprived. The alone sextant without i globes not no it is clue sufficient, having for experience rience that these broken I am were issued even without the aforementioned notes, for example in Lucerà (plate LXIV, 7). By the way of coins of lead it is good to warn that the them resemblance to the coins of bronze is not enough try it monetary use: because yes you know that such coins they could be merged for test with comparison of weight the quantity of lead or of tin introduced in similar models cast bronze nets. A liter of lead weighs 11 kilo. 352 gr., the litre of pond instead it weighs on it 7 kilos. 285 grams. Po- they would tremble also be evidence of mint. 8. Kircherian. Bronze without value note. It has in the obverse a caduceus e in reverse a A. It seems having to attri- dark to mint of Tarquinia which it is served of this sign, letter A, not alone in the ounce, but yes still like see- we gave in quadrilaterals (pl. XXVII, 4-6), not being able to think of Ascoli of Puglia that even uses a similar sign, but for initial of your name : neither yes and then never known that the coins listen to it they are been seen in co-

T. XLVII XLVM SEVERE AES 25 head Etruria transliberin, that is that these ours they are appeared in Puglia. From the waters of Vicarello they were extracted twenty-seven coins with the A e the caduceus, like this one of ours. Furthermore the waters themselves there they have mandates fourteen specimens of this ounce or semoucia (they usually weigh approx the two third parties of ounce elfective) where a face represents the caduceus, the other it is smooth. The them weight soil be of 16 grams in approximately (Poole, Calai. 61, 50, 51). 9. Now that yes it is insured series of the aes signatum coli' A e of the ACS yravc with the same sign remains to explain this A taken for type come on Tarquinians. Which if we want that whether letter, it would certainly not be Etruscan, but Greek, or Latin and could not even be the initial of the name Tar- quiii. Livy counts Tarquinia in the middle of the century sixth among i Etruscan peoples, who contributed to the armament of flood Roman taking to whether to provide it with linen cloth for le sails (L. XXVIII, 4-3): Tarquinienseiì Unique in sailing. It doesn't matter to our question that it isn't was founded by the Etruscans : these they occupied le lands that stretch out between the Tiber e the sea in the same era, in what the Phocians yes they settled in Alalia. Previously it was a colony of Greeks Thessales (.Justin. XX, 1): Midtae urbcs adirne post lantani veluslalein vestigia graeci moris nslentanl: in Tuscis Tar- quiii a Thessalis. According to Dionysius they had landed there also the Pelasgians of Chillene (De sitit, orbis v. 347), that vi they lived mixed ai Tirreni. Demarato vi could find re- understood the year 104 from Eoma: he is sure that after the occupation pation Etruscan it never changed its name, and always yes it is said Tarquinii, fìHDIAT. Let's say, what Caere it was called before AgijUa ; but not come, say grace, in mind ad al- cmio that the Tarquinian series it is instead exit from the office china of Agijlla, to find a way to interpret the letter A of its coins. By plus these coins not they are found in Caere and I add that neither in Alsittm, no in Axia (Castel d'Asso), le which ones two city they could look for each other a reason of initial. Axia furthermore it was always Etruscan ed Alsium did not have a Roman colony until the end of first Punic War, when the axis had entered Rome sextantary and molten money abolished in Italy. Therefore excluded every probability of ancient name, and Greek character or the- vat in one city the which necropolis it is all Etruscan, remains that we turn to judge otherwise of this A, that must be quite a symbol or sign similar ad one level a which the lead is missing. TELAMON Table XLVII. 1. CoU. Strozzi. Found in excavations near Telamone. It's an ounce purred glue single note of value that it's a little globe in the center tro of straight repeated in reverse. Not I am there types, but on the one hand they can be read in my opinion these letters WA-J that easily they are accomplished with the name of the city of Tela- mone Tlamu.ìl Gamurriui saw him at the march. Strozzi and gave birth to it in the Supplement to the Corpus inscr. ilalic. of Fabretti a p. 12 n. 70. The letters that also in opinion his they are discernible and range from right to left, second the drawing what he gave say he in the tab. III n. 70, they are read . . . winged ... But it seems like the his draw- bull not yes you find agreed totally with him, having expressed almost in recess le letters I fl A + .A. Mine le- tion comes from imo iterated study on bronze original, clie me was broadcast from march. Strozzi. A bronze similar a this, but what leads from a sol side the astragalus type together with the note of the ounce, it is then singular on the reverse for the legend S A F which shows it was cast by the Sabines (pl. XL, 8 a, b), whose anepigraph series can be found in the table. XXXVII. VOLATEEKAE 2. Volterra, Coli. Instil me. Beardless two-faced covered of a pileus with wide gutter and sharp. R. Delfino face on the left e around the epigraph NOfl>J3ì with the note II of two- pondium. It weighs ounces eight e four money. The Inghirami he published it in the Monums. Etr. series III tab. 1 ; mine drawing it is taken from a chalk that me no I am procured by the owner. 3. Kircherian. Beardless two-faced covered of pileus acuminatum e with wide eaves. R. Delfino with 1st epigraph NOfi>l3ì e the note of the axis. It weighs four ounces, ten money e half. 4. Kircherian. Semisse with types same of the axis, a lot al straight that on the reverse side where only the note of the axis yes change in bezel D, note of semisse. It weighs two ounces e money fourteen. Now the Mr. Capobianchi me ha brought a his exemplary that weighs gr. 68.60, even a two ounces e gr. 12.60. Arigoni (T. Ili tab. 26) e the Dempstero (tab. LVI, I) they gave engraved a exemplary, what it seems like reproduced by Carelli (tab. IV, 8), omitted however the note of the axis.

The territory of this city esteudevasi up to the sea, the whose beaches they then held the name go flyerrana, e this their domain on the sea they wanted of sure mean taking for type of this one series the dolphin. It was fame that the Volaterraui they had Populonia taken away from the Corsicans, and there it was tradition that they had it colonized, as let's learn from I serve (ad Virgil. Aen. J, 172); Alii fopuloniam Volater- ranorum coloniem translated, alii Volaterranos Corsis you were- okay diclini. Volterra inscribes his full name on the coins, as the Tudertini and Eugubini of Umbria, from use of which city yes they depart repeating the same types throughout the series as they generally do the Etruscans. Plate XLVIIL 1-7. Kircherian. Two-faced covered of pileus a wide gutter e sharp in the middle. R. Clava and around KOfl-jaì. The note of value in the semisses is the bezel. The dupondium weighs g. 297 even to 10 ounces and gr. 17. The axle weighs gr. 125 equal to ounces four and twelve grams. The semis weighs 99 grams equal to ounces 3, gr. 11. The triente weighs gr. 63, that is two ounces e three grams.

26 SEVERE AES T. XLIX L T.iv. XLIX. 1-7. This one series does not have noun type al reverse, but only the epigraph e the note of value. I weights are those of the series previous, i.e of five a six ounces the pound. Not there is been reduction, but i larger pieces don't get right weight, minors sometimes I they always overtake though accen- dwarf per pound of five a you are ounces. When Eckhel wrote the Doclrina numorum sails- rum they were already there took these two series away from Velletri to give them a Volterra, them true homeland. In genuine coins the bi- front he is always beardless, the sextant of Arigoni (T. Ili tab. 31 n. 17), e the axis (ib. table 37, IV, 2), where the two-faced it is bearded, they can't keep for real, like he kept them after Lanzi too the Carelli, that he has them engraved in his tables (tab. II, I, VI, 19), to which he added a sextant (ib. n. 20). It is also false the Zelada dupondium (tab. II) that though can be seen reproduced in the Carellian tables (tab. II, 2). II Lanzi imagines some explanations of the two-faced, now bearded, now in appearance women, which were right- mind rejected by U'Bckhel {D.n. v. 1.94). The cult of Hercules, the which he teaches it is he raised it, it was widespread very much so throughout this Maremma, as they also demonstrate the portus Uerculis labronis near Volterra and the portus Her- culis at What. BTKURIA MEDITERRAISTEA T.U. L. Le various series of severe AES in which it generally dominates the type of wheel, e I am anepigraphs, that is distinct from one two letters, or counter-marks, they usually have come on lands of Arezzo, of Cortona, of Chiusi and the Valley of Chiana. 11 their backhand he repeats the same type of straight, that is bears its own symbol that benefits distinguish the series. I don't I give the wise man in three tables following outlining them alone the major ones unity; as for the broken things they repeat the type of axis it was sufficient for me to remind each of them series. CAMARS ALLIANCE WITH l/I • ^ • q and V 1. a,b. Kircherian. It was in Arezzo in the Bacci Museum, now it has one a second specimen found in 1840 on Falterona at the ends of Tuscany towards Romagna. His type is one sided the wheel a seven rays with three letters 1/Hì separately written ad every two spokes of the wheel ; nor is there any doubt that you have to start with why among this letter e the H I am three rays with the two their fields smooth. On the other side it is an anchor on whose strain bro two o'clock draws it is registered a V. Pesa gr. 736. The second exemplary not weighs hey no more less of this. If the axis of this series goes come on five and a half at you are ounces, nor there are reductions, the bronze that we have in front of us must be held for a quincusse. In fact the 168 grams what damage le six ounces taken five times they add up gr. 750, how little yes differs from the actual weight of the bronze. With everything this is not you can decide nothing before that consist whether the V is a letter, as it seems to me, or the A figure of the value of five, like others opines. The Etruscans have written the number five, A, which is the bottom half of X, and not yes they have examples that ever have face up in the manner gods Latins. The V Etruscans in meaning numeric of five they are though rightly so attributed a I'm wrong of the art tefic (ef. Fabretti, Suppl. Pr. page 249). Not there is then reason to suppose that here him Etruscans have figurative r anchor upside down, for try that the digit A it's number- rica. Le three letters of straight I am arranged by right a left, having to read internally the I 'l ^, for the in- clination of lines of 'l e of V\, e why, as we noticed of above, the epigraph begins from 1, bro the here! letter and the i/1 extreme there is a double field free bro the spokes of the wheel, and not just one, like between at three letters. With such observations being well demonstrated the order and the going- ment of the three letters all that remains is to amaze remembering the erroneous one and messy lessons that of these letters refer to they laugh. Guarnacci {Oi-ig. You have. p. 173) e the Passeri (p. 175) doubling the letter for free T, and added an A, they came to read T P N A, for having the upluna. 11 Dempstero {Etr. number I, tab. LXl) he read NA^I. The Gori (HIus. Etr. II p. 423) arbitrarily composed the three letters and read ^VN, reversing them and changing the T to V, and announced that this bronze it belonged without a doubt in Nuceria, e vi yes read- geva Nufceria, as on the coin of Nuceria Alfaterna, that writes l11VHiq>nVl/l. The Avellino in annotations at tables of Carelli (Flor., .Ann. numism. II p. 75) had written : Tab. 1 Inter radios iiiiit. F V N, and noted that the Mazzocchi, near de Attellis {Civilization i. II p. 19), yes boasts [Tyrrhenian, diatr.

VI) to be state the alone that have it attributed to Luna: being one wheel a seven rays with three Etruscan letters L V N divided between them. Finally Cavedoni (/n Fr. CarelUi tab. I) read external- mind and not therefore from right to left l/l

T. LI-HE SEVERE AES 27 fìsP, D.W\, /V\ Tat. there. 1. In the Kircherian. It's im tlupouJio with the wheel a six rays in the straight e the anchor in the reverse : where it is also the continuation of go- lore The e the legend fì-J^. Of this one series vi it is 1' axis, the semisse, the dial e the ounce oh no l outlined in my tables, just having indicated them. The wheel that in the Trienti, semissi ed aces has six rays, ne ha then four in here- drante, in the sextant e in the ounce. The semisse in this series e in the following (2, 3) not it is noted that with you are globes e the axis expresses itself with one line straight vertical. 2. In the Kircherian. The same type as wheel it's in the straight, but on the reverse vi you can see a two-handled vase of that one class that it's called a vase bell-shaped : the line denoting the axis it is on the belly of the vase, e above of it vi you see a D initial of the name of city. Of this waste, which ad avoid- dence it binds with glue previous e alone if not distinguishes pel name of mint, we have the pound that it is preserved in Kircherian Museums, of Arezzo, of Bologna, of Pesaro; the semisse noted from you are globes it is as well in the Kircherian; vi they have in other museums the dial, the sextant e 1' ounce. From the same series, varying only the place of the initial D that it is on straight, you have the pound in the Museum of Florence e same there the semisse, the dial, the sextant and the ounce that also found in that of Paris. In others series the initial it is instead a W. If it has a example in Paris, rm other in Florence : but recently the Ca- pobianchi showed me a third beautiful one. There is also the dial e the sextant. In one third series the initial it's a AA but in it the note of the pound not it is on the belly of the vase, but also on the side right. They all have them the pieces, the axis, the semisse, the trient, the dial, the sextant e the ounce. 3. In Museums of Florence e of Arezzo. In the forehand the six wheel rays, in reverse an amphora, e next door a right the note of the value that it is the pound. From this series we also have the semisse, an example of which plare yes it is found of recent a Closed, the triente, U qua- dranting e the ounce. COETONA'S ALLIANCE WITH ^ and V- Table LII. 1. In the Kircherian. On the obverse it is the six-spoke wheel type; on reverse the iron of the double-headed man, and others left the note of value that it is the pound, on the right there letter initial 3. If he knows about it besides the axis, the only ounce that is in the Museum of Florence. A second one series varies only the initial which is ì. By this one yes they have the axis, the semisse, the dial e 1' ounce. The third series has for initial of the name a V, the which auction left it is longer of the right, e it seems therefore more similar to a U than to a V. The axis , the semisse, the qua- dranting e the ounce are known e they are preserved in museums. 2. In the Kircherian. Euota a six rays repeated in reverse, on which hem I am places in round twelve globes, note of value which is the pound. Of this series we have the semisse, the triente, the dial, the sextant e the ounce. In this one series yes they are found some counter-marks; I am notes the V which reveals desi in everyone him broken; though the trient not yes it is yet found. In quadrant, sextant ed ounce an h is marked. e in the Museum of Florence bass a sextant with the letter > ; There is also the 3 with one leaf of ivy * likewise in countermark. 3. In the Kircherian. Euota, to which two semicircles act as rays opposite and joined by a crossbar; at the top is the note of the second pondium. Lo same type it is repeated on the reverse. Of this one series we have the semisse, the trient, the quadrant, the sextant e the ounce. The note of semisse it's a half moon ), as in Volterra, Todi e Grubbio, e in the series already attributed a Bolsena, which has for type one head youthful in prospect covered of a pileus sharp like of goal circus. AEETIUM ALLIANCE WITH V- Table HIM. 1. Kircherian. Similar to the dupondium of table previous has though own the letter yes on the obverse and the V on the reverse. To this one series missing however the axis, but there is the semisse in Kircherian noticed of digit ^ ; there is the trient , the dial, the sextant e the ounce in the Museum itself. The sextant and the ounce they are still in the Cortona Museum: the letter fl it seems mention an Aretium staying then to find out the name of the other city whose initial is a V vocal. Such yes is in Umbria VUrvinum Metaurensé, that today it is called Urbania, VHortense Drvinum which is today Urbino it's more distant, but not it is therefore less probable. ALLIANCE OF THE ETHEUSCAN CITY WITH TUDEE UMBEO 2. From a cast. Euota Etruscan e bro i rays in relief the legend 3Q3+V+. R. Globe in center bro three half moons opposite : around at the hem , they go twelve globes , note of the axis. It was already in Collection Knives of Cor- tone (Conjectures about Viscrision of tower of S. Marco page

LXXXIX), the which one he did gift al Sestini, that I reproduced (tom. IV of Letters e Diss. tab. n. 1 p. 152 Livorno, 1779). He passed through Sestini in the Ainsley Collection, how attests the same Sextini (loc. cit.), where still must keep yourself, that is it will stay in London of sure, having- done there the numismatist Mr. I. G. Pflster quarried the cast, of which I make a gift in July of 1857, when I visited the British Museum. The Sextini remember of having seen \m axis similar to this one, but anepigraph, in the Sellari collection of Cortona, and others divisions of this axis were near the Ainsley. In the Kircherian yes they have the semisse with the note of the value in you are globes, e the trient with four : these they repeat him themselves types: but then the dial it has three e the sextant two in the field smooth. Insured this series remains now that we assign them the mint from which it was issued. Not there is no doubt that if vessimo stay to the legend it would be Todi, but for axis- gnarla not in Todi there is a topic, of the legend outward,

28 SEVERE AES T. LIV which does not pose a very serious obstacle. In this bronze everything it is Etruscan: the weight, the figure of wheel, the test nothing, the system gods twelve globes for the axis, of six pel semisse instead of the half moon used in Todi. But yes it is generally agreed as a what demonstrated, that I want- I believe the ancients to mean a confederation did so sometimes joining together i types of one city with the name of another. So it would be in case ours expressed im'al- leanza, for example, of Cortona with Todi putting together with types of the first the name of second. 3. to, h. Kircherian. Rotate Etruscan with the singularity of four impressed letters, which together seem to say A3TT where rV is missing. R. The reverse it is smooth, but in center there is the little globe sign of the ounce. Even if it is true that it was a mistake not omitted the V in legend which it should be Q3TVT, but there will always be no doubt that clii imprint these letters he had in mind the name of Todi. 4, 5. Museum of Bologna. Axis i which types I am from im side the wheel ad eight rays with letters divided between him eight rays, which externally read give the name FE..U[INkA. A. Again with the note of the axis in the log joining the two marre: the field is around closed from a circle in relief. Not there is doubt that i types of the wheel and the anchor are of mint of Closed, the which one yes Camars called give it Etruscans, but these types were seen again in the fifth cusse of confederation, where the first letter is a 3, which it is as well initial r of the Etruscan name Fetlun[e]a inscribed between the intervals of the eight rays of this our currency. E since in that quicusse is missing the name or the initial of city ally, then yes deduces, that the like, how it came true tito of above, it's worth it a mean the mint, that it is that of Closed. The name of city that here it reads it is Velhmea, or replacing the third letter with comparison of the second example plare that I give below. But the penultimate letter of which I am determinable le sun lines lower is by conjecture supplied for And, neither it is possible otherwise, if not you want to read Vetlunva, that is Vellunfa. 6. Museum of Pesaro. I types I am him themselves of the number previous- tooth : r epigraph better preserved yes law whole- CETUCNKA mind. Sul strain of the anchor not yes leave glimpse the note of the axis. This bronze that weighs seven ounces was published from Passeri (tab. VI, 1 page 183) that vi read, E..+U..A. Then Lanzi repeating the print of Sparrows ne gave one lesson fuller fl(MV)-J+33 {Wis- Thurs 11, 30, 25). It was therefore certain for both that the city indicated by the epigraph was Vetulonia : and yet it makes sense that the Grotefend writing after (BMter fur Miinzkunde 1837 T.I n. 9) attribute the coin in Vetuna city of Umbria (cf. T. II p. 70 n. 5). But Fabbretti having it transcribed in Glossarium (col. 1959) by Lanzi then attests in From- accretion geographical 1867 page 5XSIII of have seen the specimen from the Museum of Bologna and to have read CE+UCN8fl. The city of Vetulonia FA+U is written on your currency e above a bronze of alliance with Populonia and Camars it vi it is indicated from name V>ifl+3^. In this axis in- instead is named FE+l-CNkfl, where the letter C holds the place of the vowel letter V ; but it's certainly not as I said if the penultimate be a P od a K or a C or whether should be read Vetlionea that is Vdlunfa or Vetlunva. ETRUSCORUM Table LIV. 1.Coli, of Mr. Augustine Castellani in Cortona. Head young- nile in front with hair scattered covered of a pileus of shape pyramidal without gutter, or rather with gutter covered by a veil it seems involve her. The pileus can be seen equipped of ribbons with which it is tied below to the chin. On the reverse there is one dark and a knife , in center one globe, a left the note of the axis, a right one half moon. These types yes they repeat for all the series, if no except the note of value, that in semisse it is one half moon reverse : missing so far the trient and the sextant, but there is the dial e the ounce. The globe of the axis it is repeated in alone semisse, but in small bronze n. 4 there is a note it the value that it is the ounce: the semoncia he has nothing else al re- verse that the axe e the knife. From pileus sharp of straight that it is a lot analogous al pileus flaminic it was possible deduce that the figure youthful represented a sacer- dowry, e ways more, why such idea it is confirmed give it tools sacrificial defined from Cavedoni for Vacidris e the secespita [Nat. of the serious AES page 22). The opinion me- desima brought Father Marchi, the which one it was therefore induced to change the note of the axis that he thought wrong expressed in drawing in caipedimctùa. I've seen it the original and with- firm with the owner, that there it's out of doubt the note of the the unit yes of the axis.

It is established the belief that the bronzes of this one series come from come on contours of the lake of Boi- sena. I don't I know of which pieces I ' have said or could say. Not of sure of the axis , unique until now, probably found in place not much far from Cortona: not of semisse, i which two specimens so far known not yes knows where they are states found. A dial I know it was recently bought a Closed. Del sextant and of the ounce and semoncia if it is true that they usually be around al lake it is necessary to re- peter this that we have elsewhere noticed of the broken infer- riori, i.e oh no yes soles do great case of they, when yes deal of assign the homeland ad any series. But us let's see that being dug a lot around at Bolsena Etruscan that is, to today Orvieto, neither these nor other bronzes of series ours they came out: nor do I remember to have seen in modern Bolsena in the house of Count Cozza, who although he had collected large quantities of various coins, some of them of which ones he liked to do to me graceful gift. If you want then attribute this one series to any city Etruscan I will point out that Etruria central does not use human figures by type; in that it is also followed by the Tudertini and Eugubini. The Ca- vedoni (loo. cit.) opined that they were the authors the Tuscans, why they they give the common name to the nation, and this he had it from rite sacrificial, writing Pliny (III, 8, 16): .4 sacrifice ritu lingua Graecorum Thusci sv.nt surnames. 11

T. LV AES GEIVE 29 Marquis Melohiorri (Bull. Inslit. 1839 p. 122) he estimated, that it could give to Luni, e the reason iu, why the coin brings for symbol the moon, e the cheese of Luni had for teaches homeland the moon, like you learn from Martial, where writes: Cnscus ctruscae signatus imagine lunae. But here the Melchiorri passes for type homeland half moon , that it is instead I'm a sign badge of coinage, a footprint of the oifi- china ; nor they have it used alone those of Monday, but others Etruscan peoples, even in contrabrand, and is also used come on Latins, like he can be convinced of it who watches the axis of Palestrina (Plate LXIX, 1), hours the half moon takes the place of the caduceus. Coming ai These peoples are not Tuscanienses they appear bro le twelve city Etruscan, and more in their territory ritorio not yes they find the coins of this one sort, no then you can see how they yes they could attribute i common types a the whole nation, at least in the opinion of the G-recij to whom I second the tradition they certainly had best straight the Tarquinians. Behind all this I think that this series shouldn't be done attribute to one special city, but yes rather been issued in common name from nation. 2. Kircherian. I types I am those of the axis: the note of value it is post below between V accepts and the knife. It weighs three ounces, money one and a half. The specimen of Parisian cabinet of medals weighs gr. 83. 3. Kircherian. In the quadrant yes they repeat i same types: the note of value it's placed between the knife and the axe. An example plare of the Museum British weighs gr. 45.00 {Calai, p. 24). A specimen that comes from Chiusi weighs gr. 36.70. 4. Kircherian. I types I am him themselves. The value note is in the center. It weighs twelve money. Ve there is one another specimen that weighs sixteen money and a half. 5. Kircherian. I types I am the same ones : missing though on the reverse the moon growing. Not vi it is the note of value, but it's one half an ounce having of weight you are money. 6. (Carelli tab. XX n. 34). After the series already described I post this bronze for one certain analogy of the hatchet there you see. It is an ounce e he repeats the type, that is, the ax and the club, a which not there is nothing of similar in series that they repeat to reverse the type of straight. FIXIBUS AGEOEUil PICENI ET GALLICI ANCON 7. Museum of Florence. In straight there is the triskelion outlined or yes the group of three human legs proceeding from a globe that it is in center, col knee somewhat folded. I know- these three legs follow each other but here with new example pious two sun they follow each other, not already the third, which has a mo- movement contrary to the second. B. Iron of im trident. It weighs gr. 484.18, even a seventeen ounces e gr. 8.18. n Gori owned some the first example, which then passed into Sicily e now we don't know where he is. 11 P. Eomano he had one copy in bronze. This new specimen he published it the Gamurrini, from which we learned that it comes come on lands Umbrian between Todi e Perugia {Perioil. numism. of march. Strozzi year IV p. B). It is probable for me that the ab- melted white i settlers of Ancona; and that the triskelion face it symbol of promontory as per another verse the cubit it is symbol of the city placed in ipso fleclenlis so orae cubilo (Plin. //. N. Ili, 13). Because in this way he will also be able to find himself justified- fidget the new layout of the two legs, which go together meeting, knowing each other, that there are three the promonlorii of the mountain Cumerius, two of them with their curved ends they meet train enclosing the city of Ancona, the third that protrudes ge into the sea to the north is alone. Exin ilta, writes Apple (11, 4), in cramped conditions duorum pyoinontoriorum different ex coeuntium inflexu cubits imagine sedens. The Syracusans re they came the year 347 of Eoma. This board that weighs twelve seven ounces has not broken so far: it could for more cite each other in comparison that triente, that do to tab. XLV, 3, the which weight it is of about five ounces. UMBRIA TUDEE Table LV. 1. Paris, Gab. of medals. Eagle with half-open wings time on the left, in front 3Q31-V-}- e the note of the axis. R. Cornucopia, full of beautiful apples between i which ones a bunch of grapes stand out on the right with an ear of wheat, the pea on the left, symbolizing reading the vineyards, fields and gardens with the pomavii. It weighs grams 255 equal to nine ounces and two grams. A new example of equal weight was recently purchased by Capobianchi: that of the Museum of Naples weighs ounces fourteen. It is from notice that the coinage of Todi stands out noticeably from that of Gubbio, e yes pull over by a lot a that of Tar- quinia e of Volterra, left by part that of. center of Etruria whose system does not depart from an axis of six hours eight ounces. P. Marchi [L'aes grave pag. 76) writes, that the Oli- Vieri was the first to recognize the coins of Todi ; it was though was noted by P. Lanzi {Essay II p.

29), which Passeri describes his Paralipomena to the Dempstero, if there was boasted discover- tor for several years (/). n. v. I, 98). The place mentioned from Lanzi, e that Father Eckhel he says there not know where have it written, it is on page 154 of the work cited. There he narrates that having he done dwelling for two years from 1715 in Todi and views there and purchased many of these coins, from their frequency began to suspect that were you- dertine: that then no it was fully convinced when he im- he tapped in coins of Gubbio published from Dempstero. It was he therefore the first a find out the mint, and in that it has reason the Lanzi, but the Olivieri actually ten years before that Passeri gave to the light i his Paralipomena in 1757 he disclosed the discovery, e in this sense the sentence of P. Marchi it is true. After Olivieri ne he wrote Pellerin e so the Sparrows. This that's it discovering the coin purred of Todi. But It's surprising that it wasn't noticed the Arigoni fin from 1741 already assigned in Todi the currency co- niata that door the itself epigi-afe 3Q3+V+ (Tab. XXII n. 222). OnUe coins we have no type of Tudertini figures of the gods, but symbols, that they reveal the attributes.

30 ABS GEAVE LVI LVII This relationship that passes between the images of the gods e the sim- boluses places al reverse yes you'll see manifestly in the two series of the currency lucerina, the purred e the minted. 2. From a footprint. Great Dane dog crouched in rest: others I they have said a wolf. The epigraph it is 3Q3+V+ e there is the note of semisse. 7?. Lyre a three ropes e there it is repeated the note predicted of semisse. It weighs ounces seven and a fourth. 3. Kirch. Hand armed left of athletic basket and note of tri- entity. B. The name 3Q3+V+ between two clubs, e the note from tri- entity. It weighs gr. 63. 4. Kirch. Kana e note of the dial, fl. Again e the note me- desima: furthermore a d. VT. It weighs gr. 61.50. The Mazzocchi (Tyrrhenian, diatr. VI) law LV e attributes this qua- dranting in Luni. 5. Kirch. Cicada and not locust; bro i two globes note of sextant. R. Perro of trident, a d. the two globes, on the left the epigraph VT. This trident has quite a shape of ro- as seen in the quadrilateral of the table. XVIII. The example plare that now it is preserved in the reverse 1' epigraph Vt a d. e i globetti a left and it weighs gr. 40.60. 6. Kirch. Vase with two handles e above a small globe, note of the the ounce. R. Porro of spear, right. the little globe, a left \J+. It weighs gr. 10.00pm. 7. Kirch. Kana. R. Tortoise on the left im globe, on the right. VK. It weighs gr. 5.00pm. 8. From a footprint. Bread. R. Acino of wheat a right IV: the note of value missing. These two nos. 7, 8 are out of stock, of which we have given other similar examples (tab. XL nos. 6, 7). The types of the second they see themselves again in a bronze that is still outside as standard, which is found outlined in the tab. LXIV n. 7, how luoerino. Lucerà's pound coins have no legend, the tudertines instead they have it. Table LVI. 1, 2. Coli. Sparrows page 203, 205. There were gods pieces of mo- neta tudertina, in which ones not yes they had others types that the eagle al straight, e the cornucopia al reverse. The Passeri ne he knew two, the semisse with the note "^ e the trient with four globes, where the epigraph it is truncates +V+. These two coins they suppose iiu axis of weight of approximately you are ounces, weighing the semisse once three, e the trient im' ounce and a half, second Olivieri; but the Sparrows a n. 205 gU gives the weight of gr. 42, e on page 214 that of gr. 47. Not I'll say that these types have to have been repeated for all one series ; why I have the example of Gubbio, which repeats a couples i types, as we will see in tables following. 3. Kirch. This one series has the same ones types that the first already de- written to tab. LIV, however, is missing so far of own axis. 3-11. In fractions of this one series it is various the use of write e shorten the name of city. Because in semisse it is 3Q3+V+ e yes he also repeats in reverse: the note of value now it is a right now to left: in trient it is whole, that is missing The last one letter, in the quadrant now it is whole, now vi only the first one can be seen written syllable V+, which syllable begins- ziale yes you see constantly reproduced in sextant e in- the ounce. There is also example of ounces that doesn't they repeat al reverse the globe of straight. This one series it is reduced al system of the axis quadrantary. 4, 12, 13. Ai pieces of ours series I added the drawing of a fragment that was bought here in Rome by Mr. count Gir. of Colloredo: of more I have you aggregate two ounces alone- many, in one of which ones, n. 12, oh it is in the Museums of Pesaro e of Parma, you have a iron of spear e al reverse the glo- betto in field smooth : in the other, that yes ha in Carelli (tab. XX, 38), it's a grape of barley in straight e in reverse a small globe likewise in the field smooth. IGDVIUM 14. Museum of Pesaro. The guy of this tripondium is the moon cre- scent with the note of the value in the center e the epigraph al of above and externally it reads II/1I3V>II. On the reverse there is the globe of sun blazing with rays, which I am ten. It weighs gr. 428, which supposes a axis of gr. 140, equal to ounces four, the Gubbio aces known so far range from 180 grams ai 193, i.e from six to seven ounces. They use the Eugubinians, repeat in multiple i types of the axis, e though also of semisse. Le four stars in straight I am in this tri- I barely ponder visible for flaw of fusion. The Eugu- bini, Umbrian yet they how the Tudertini, they follow not therefore schools different in art monetary : because i Tudertini yes they are very similar to art sabina and Lazio how i Tarquinians e i Volterrani, while him Eugubini standing more from at al center of Etruria ne they imitate the weight and the shape. TAf. LVII. 1. Kirch. I types of this axis I am those of tripondium, moon growing between four stars, in the middle the note of the axis e r epigraph 5HGV>II externally read. /?. Globe of the sun dazzling for fourteen rays, seven major ones and so- 'many minors. It weighs 194 grams equal to ounces you are and 2 de- nari.

The ending of the name in these bronzes is in I, that is in l : here it is in i, in the specimen of the Pesaro Museum is in i. 2. a, b. Kirch. Globe solar with twelve rays. A. Waxing moon between four stars, in the middle the note of the semisse e the epi- graphe S1/1II1V>II. In the museum itself there is another example plare b, in which one it is omitted the note of value e I am also omitted four o'clock stars : the epigraph it is IMIDV)!!. It weighs gr. 99. By recent Capobianchi no ha purchased a exemplary from the Ranghiasci collection of Gubbio similar to described 2 a. 3. Kirch. Cornucopia above a disc in relief : it is written on the edge iniIIV)!!. R. Tanaglia above a similar record between four glo- betti, note of value. It weighs an ounce e money 21. 4. Kirch. I types I am the same ones : varies the sign of value that it is of dial. The his weight it is of an ounce e seven denarii. 5. Kirch. Cornucopia above and around disk to the edge, 5MDV>ll. R. Repeat I same symbol and adds the note of sextant.

T. LYiir LTX AES GEAVE 31 It weighs seventeen money. The epigraph sometimes it is omitted, as in a copy by me seen in Cortona. tj. Kirch. I types e the epigraph I am him same, but al there is a reverse the note of the ounce. 7. I types then this one eugubine series must be paired with two in two. It is therefore out of series the sextant outlined in this place, in which on one side is the cornucopia glue note of sextant, on the other it's a branch of palm. Plate LVIII. 1. Coli. my. Moon growing e in the middle the astragalus, upstairs externally bed, SHI1V>II. R. Acino of barley between two stars and in the bottom the note of semisse. It weighs gr. 93, even a three ounces, gr. 9. Fu found in campaigns of Sentinum (Sassoferrato) in distance of twenty miles from Gubbio. Now if they have any two other specimens, one in the Earcherian and one in the Museum of Pesaro. 2. Kircherian. Cornucopia e of meeting the epigraph $N13V>II: in the middle there is the note of semisse. there. Christ-faced helmet a left Weighs ounces two, den. eleven. 3. Eirch. Eamo of palm inside a circle; in the flap the epi- graphe $HI3V>II. R, The note of the sextant inside a circle. Weighs den. 16, grapes 12. 4. Museum of Milan. I types I am him same, but I style of palm it is different (Avell. Opusc. II, 2, 2). 5. Museum of Arezzo : you have it too in the British Museum. Cornu- copy e in the middle a globe notes of the ounce. R. Grappolo of grapes. In Carelli's tables, which copy from Sestini (Leti, cont. t. IV tab. I, 1) the bunch is outlined so, that the Cavedoni {ad Carell. tab. XXIII, 5) it has could cre- give one lock of three olives ; furthermore the cornucopia vi it was changed in two dolphins e addition the epigraph IKVVIN. THE). Eirch. Rotate a four rays glue note of trient : on flap SmilV)!!. R. Vi it is repeated the type same. It weighs two ounces e ten money. 7. Kirch. Euota a ti-e rays: in the flap SHI3V>II. R. Vi it is repeat- everything the same type : of more vi it is the note of the dial which is missing in say it. It weighs an ounce and den. 21. These two broken suppose a heaviest axle, which it isn't the known so far. By more the type it is copied from the series Etruria central, which the wheel of straight he repeats on the rock- I'm sorry. For these two reasons I have them places out of series, in which they appear the semissi ed the sextant n. 3. AGER GALLICUS AEIMINUM When yes is taken to demonstrate that le heads of straight of this series were almost portraits of the GalU Senones, who occupy I look at this part of Umbria, it was assumed that they could not precede the era of them living room ; and therefore that they were not the Umbrians who they fused these coins. Eesta now to see if you can- They merged with the Eiminese later the departure of the GaUi. This one series it is a lot rare that of the non-axis yes it has so far if not the only one exemplary of the Museum of Pesaro. Of the semisse if you can count them sorry three specimens e as many of trient. Not it is prob- bile that i Gauls have issued this series of aes serious, how he held the Borghesi (Lit. 1842, Oeuvr. VII, 390), no yes would explain how in many years of their dominion (they had come there al more late in 364) have merged yes little of money. Exterminate- born i Gauls from Seuonia in 471 the Eomani they deduced one from you them colony, but not jn'ima of 486, in which year he began in Rome to have course legal the axis sextantary. They were therefore past fifteen years of independence in which ones the Eiminesi had tidy the them republic and maybe even- how open theirs mint, if not you want rather than this one their melted coinage e minted has a repeat itself, how opines the Mommsen [H. de the m. Ili p. 187), by the Latin colonists, which moreover they did not follow Eoma (Momms. 1. e), nor the peoples vi- cini far away, as al sing custom not vary the type of straight e of vary instead that of the reverse in the se- rie purred. The Rooster Senone, hill his weapons e costumes, symbol of Senonia, occupies the straight of the first three bronzes, i symbols they are allusive to the maritime city figured on the reverse side of the last three me. The Rooster armed it is on coin minted, where yes ha on straight the head of Vulcan, god protect of the colony that the he uttered. Table LIX. 1. Museum of Pesaro. Head of a very cock similar to a re- stretch : he has a chin satin, large mustaches, muscle aduto, hair uncultivated and torque al neck. R. Protome of a horse unbridled time a d., teaches of high nobility, indeed royal, of Rooster represented here. It weighs gr. 395 equal to four ounces torturous. 2. Kircherian. In the semisse and for all the series the straight rap- presents the image of a Gallo, on reverse it is I shield used come on Galli, that it was oval: a left five globes demonstrate the decimal division of the axis also used give it Atrians. It weighs you are ounces e twenty-one money even a grams 194. 3. 4. Museum of Pesaro. Head of Rooster. R. Spada e scabbard.

The sword he has peak crosses into the handle, ends in tip ed it's double cut : the blade it is reinforced in the middle by a rib. The scabbard door the double belt recommended a two rings, and in the middle xm relief corresponding to the co- stole: the note I'm from Triente i four globes a left The weight it is of gr. 157. In the Kircherian a fragment is retained of this bronze that I have represented al n. 4 for reason of the tip of the sword that there you can see it clear. 5. Kircherian. Head similar to the previous one. R. Ferro of tri- tooth e three globes a right. It weighs three ounces, 19 money e half. 6. Kircherian. Head of Rooster like the previous ones. R. Delfino face a d. of below it has the note of sextant. It weighs two ounces and 9 money.

32 AES GEAVE T. LX Table LX. 1. Kircheriauo. Head of Rooster like forward. R. Ship eoslro e a left the globe, note of value. It weighs an ounce and ten den. The tool clie I I say rostrum of ship it is from para- gloat al believed trident of Table XVIII, where I have shown as i three teeth I am together joint, the customer not you never see it done in the tridents. 2. Kiroherian. Head of the Gallo similar at precedents. /?. With- keel Peclen view from the outside. Every note of va- lore, but it's a nonsense, and weighs sixteen denarii. In my eyes not it is bearded, that Rooster that Minervini attaches from the Mu- seo of Naples in confirm of semoncia that public, belonging to the Lauria collection {Obs. numism. p. 10), where the Rooster he seems bearded. AGER PICEXrS FIRMUM or. In Fermo from an imprint sent to me by Mr. Count L. Mor- rone. Head of a woman once a left of behind it is the note of dial. E. Head of good mail of i3toad: of above it is the legend FIR. Weighs ounces three. In the Kircherian if you con- need an example broken from the side right the whose weight it is of one ounce and twenty money. This dial it was in the first act paid from Vermiglioli to Hirelum {Opusc. you. 4; Registration Perug. t. 1). P. Marchi gave it to Hispelium [The grave aes tab. IV, B. n. 8 pages 85 f.). But De Minicis claimed it a, 'Fermo{Storical and numismatic notes of Fermo, p.Iseg. 136); that it was then confirmed by a second specimen which if there were any (The coins serious, p. 4). This weighs gr. 98. 4. Kirch. Double-headed e of above the note of dial. R. Ferro of spear e from side left SH. The De Minicis ha given the two its exemplars for sextants {The coins serious, 1868 tab. n. 2, 3): the first, n. 2, weighing gr. 48; the second, n. 3, gr. 37. But the Kircherian specimen has three small globes ed but it is a dial. 5. Kircherian. Plow face a right e of below four glo- betti certain, \m fifth it is uncertain. /?. Plow face on the left e of below the legend FIR in part worn out. I saw this bronze in the Kircherian bro already uncertain and I got away with a lot study the epigraph that the proves it belongs to the series Stop. No I questioned for letter the De Minicis, the which one he replied that really if they weren't two specimens found in campaigns of Fermo, but 1' one of they, however in that city, did not show of have legend. 11 its weight it is of two ounces and twenty-two denarii, or rather gr. 84 all to three ounces. Fermo had one Roman colony in 490 : but le its coins perhaps they precede one such era. AGER PRAETUTTIANUS HATRIA 6. The Hatria of the Pretuzzians believed to be founded by Dionysius the old chio, or replaced, if it was already a colony of the Liburnians. The Milliugen {ConsiJ. 214) opines that it is was founded from- the Hatria Venetian, and takes its argument from the name it bears. But the denomination of the Adriatic Sea passed from the first Hatria, where it was limited to alone reason that it sea ba- gnava, e like this yes began to extend that name up al Gargano, not though yes I will obliterate the primitive of the Ionian sea, indeed it was the itself what say Jonio and Adriatic : I'll have it 'ASgi'ag èari xcà 'lóviog, writes Scilace (§ 27) bro the years 416 to 419, and he had of mentioned above (in § 14). that the port of Otranto it was at the entrance of the breast adiùatico, that is ionian : Xii-irjV 'YÒQOvg sttI tm iov 'AÓ'qi'ov, ij reo tov loviuv xò'/.nov arójiaK, and ohhe i Japigi yes they stretched out up to Mount Arione for which he means the Gargano; which however places in the Adriatic gulf tico: 'Icinvyég daiv f'di'oc /it'xQi 'Agtonog ngovc tov sr rm xòXnoì no 'Aà'gi'a. The territory of Adria extended from the river Vomano to the Matrino and there yes they cultivated the vines that they gave the Pretuzziano, del which Pliny speaks with praise and Dioscorides. Silius, however, calls these fields vitiferous (Book XV v. 570) : Ttim here vitiferos doinitat prnetuttia pubes laeta laboris ngros. After all the Pretuzzian countryside it bordered the Piceno area, of which Rufo Pesto Avieno (Descr. orbis tcrrae vv. 500, 501) writes: Nemnrosi maxima cernes It culminates Piceni: coma large palmitis Illic Tenditur ac fused Bacckus tegit arva scourge. Of such cultivation menano boast also him Adriani that they pose on them axis the image of a Silenus, whom they venerate how god lare, and yet they affix them on reverse the dog. This one city had one Roman colony in the year 465 past 98 years since its foundation, whether it was a Syracusan colony or more truly occupied by Syracusan settlers. Certainly Pi- listo in year I of 01. 105 commanded the Syracusan fleet near the waters of the Adriatic, when Dionysius the young was in Caulonia and Dio occupied the tyranny in Syracuse (Diod. XVI n. 3; Plut. in Dio e. 25, 35). So it's not what we're talking about of the city, as he means Tzetze, but of the sea. Their mo- neta fused is generally not rare. They follow the system decides badly and they don't omit to blend the semoncia too.

In the axis and in the semisse they use the common note of the unit I, and of quincunx • • • • •, but also they also use the ini- tial U that it's worth it pound, e of S pel semisse. V is also example of the double note, i globes from a side, the Self from- the other, how will be seen in n. 3 of tab. LXI. 7. Kircherian. Head of Silenus of prospectus crowned of a tendril of ivy with three corymbs one on front e two on the temples. It is bald, but two locks of hair I think of him gift with decorated temples yet they from a corymb. The name of city it's just visible, though yes law without doubt TAH: in high on head it's the letter >l initial note of pound. /?. Dog crouched : of under HAT: upstairs the initial U. Weigh gr. 410. This initial that no one had noted on the specimen of the Kircherian then had a confirm in the axis of Blacas, that he has engraved data (pi. XVI, H. de the mon. t. IV), the which weight it is of gr. 385, 25,

T. XLI-XLIII SEVERE AES 33 e by the same duke it is state seen also another example plare at the Hoffraauu (op. cit. I page 355 n. 1). An axis of weight of 339 grams it is state recently purchased by Mr. Capobianchi. Plate LXI. 1. Kircherian. Head of Silenus of bald prospect with two locks clie of hair crowned at the temple of a tendril of ivy with corymb on forehead, like you can see it on the coin co- niata of Todi. On the right HAT. R. Dog crouching, below it is the note of unit. Weighs ounces fourteen e twelve de- nari. The specimen that today it is found in the Kircherian weigh gr. 198.00 even at seven ounces approximately. 2. Kirclierian. Head of Medusa belt the neck come on swirls of snakes with hair loose e pushed back from wind: of below it's HAT. B. Horse Current Pegasus a right: of below it is the note of the quincunx in five globes. 3. Coli. I smirk in Atri. The Medusa's head is tied around the neck by two snakes, le queues gods which ones yes they stand up from two sides of front: of below it is the legend HAT, a d. S note of semisse. R. Horse Pegasus a d. e of below i five little globes which are the note of the quincunce. It is therefore proven that for the Atrians the quincunx it's half the axis and though it's called from them col name of semisse: whence appears the wrong of who he wanted to deny the axis decimal established by P. Marchi (Momms. H. de the mon. t. I page 248 n. 2), and supported also by Borghesi. The weight of the semisse Kircherian it is of gr. 168, that of Smile n. 3 weighs gr. 250. The note of semis S joint with that gods five globes not p\io I said yes in doubt: furthermore there is ensures also the Mr. Cherubs who a mine request of recently examined the bronze and me he declared it safe- rarely genuine. 4. Kircherian. Head youthful with ringlets of hair long to cervix e wrapped around to front time a left : in front it is the note from trient. R. Vase for two handles with within a plant of which you can see it alone the first germ- gliar of leaves : on the right reads HAT. It weighs six ounces, eight money and a half. Plate LXII. 1. Kircherian. It is represented by a side a fish called frog plscatrix of the ancients, aimed at right, and has the note underneath of the dial. R. A dolphin facing right. and above HAT. It weighs three ounces and twenty-two money. I have it in mine collection ed it is of weight of grams one hundred eleven. Nella Sor collection I echo if you have an example in lead. 2. Kirch. Rooster standing face a left, in front the sextant note. R. Shoe a d., of below TAH. It weighs one ounce and twenty-two money and a half. Again of this yes has a exemplary in lead in the collection I smirk. We have seen e explained in Tarquinia monetary use of lead. 3.Coli, of Msgr. Taggiasco. Anchor and from right side an H ini- ziale of name of Ilatria. R. Globetto in center, note of the ounce, e around TAH. The Kircherian specimen does not has this H in the straight, and weighs one ounce and five money. 4. Kirch. In the field of straight it's a H, and on the reverse A$ where Queir S it's a sign already known of the semoncia. It weighs ten of- nari and a half. Hatria not yes it is never seen without of the aspirant installment: ago therefore necessary that the letter H of straight and A of reverse they join together together in one single voice. The Mommsen has removed the semoncia to Atri to give it to Ascoli piceno, which does not have its own coin, e this a reason of letter A interpreted by him in isolation for Asndum. Sta though of done that in the countryside of Ascoli not yes is never no specimen found of this coin, which instead it is frequent in lands atriane. VESTINOE^TVI 5. Kircherian. Head of beef of prospectus e of above the note of the sextant. R. Waxing Moon and below ESR. It weighs three ounces. 6. Kirch. Double pens and the note of the ounce. R. Conchiglia pecten ve- duted from the internal part: on the left side VES. It weighs one ounce e eleven money (Avell. Opusc. II, 2, 3). 7. Kirch. Fit face a d. R. The alone epigraph VE5. It's one semoncia of weight twenty-one grams. 8. Kirch. Fit a d. ed there the note of the semoncia l. R. The alone epigraph VES. It weighs 22.20 grams. Do not omit I'll keep it of report here the trient of this series described by Hedgehog which he states to have it had in the hands in a his trip {Vigilant, newspaper of Chieti, 31 March 1841). It triente had for type of straight the inside of a con- pecten keel, e one backwards club, above of which one it was the note of triente and below the name VE^. Here he is he says that his weight was five and a half ounces, but a ten year old after the same Riccio {Repertory, Naples 1852 pag. 2) assigns him four ounces and a fourth. Not likely the type of the listed ounce the interior of siasi shell repeated two times in the same series film alone trient e for the alone ounce.

Also the different evaluation of weight prove that the Hedgehog let yourself be deceived give little faithful memory. APULIA LUCERIA Table LXin. 1. Coli. Santangelo. Head of young Hercules covered by skin of the lion time to d. R. Bust of bridled horse aimed at left The example that is in the Blacas collection weighs gr. 341.23 {H. de the mon. IV p. 11). That described from Sambon it is of weight of gr. 348.40 {Researches, p. 82). That can seated by Cenni e published by Piorelli {Ann. numism. t. 11 title page) it weighed gr. 341. The Hedgehog writes that he was an example of it find it in Puglia, ed it was weight of gr. 294 {Mint of Lucerla, p. 11). The drawing expressed by he adds the club near the neck of Hercules, which does not yes has in the three genuine specimens that I have cited: well I see it in one false and modern, already been in the collection Panels,

84 AES dEAVE T. Lx:iv al reverse of which one the modeler is not happy of re- dina that alone it is expressed in ancient times exemplary has you ag- arrived one species of oavezzino, that consists of front with chin strap, gods facials, of the muzzle. 11 my drawing it is get it from collection Santangelo, where I was cared for that it was good expressed the mane that you see yourself treated there in a way singular, the eye of Hercules is not in profile, but entire, almost as if it were a front view, as is sometimes seen in the front of the primitive Roman axis: of which I have an example in imo of my eoUezioue belonged to the rich deposit of Cere. 2. Kircherian. Head of Apollo with hair collected e tied in a tuft on the vertex facing left. and axis note. R. Gallo standing face a left By aces with these they have types -Museums e Minervini published two from the collection Lauria {Obs. number tab. V, 1,2) of weight of gr. 241, where writes on page 104 oh I am undoubtedly of mint of Lucerà; a third example we had it by the Duke of Blacas that he had it in his Museum (list. de la monnaie, t. IV pi. XII) of weight of gr. 202.82. It is therefore a re- duced to about seven ounces, that is, less than two-thirds. The Lauria with the two aforementioned specimens he had none also a third, pub- cat yet it from Minervini, with the singularity of one legend in reverse, but not successful in the fusion and however imperfect. Hey, no gave an extra and one interpret- tation, which we will discuss in our table LXX n. 3. 3. In the Museum of Naples. He bought it recently in Eoma since comm. Piorelli and transmitted at the Museum of Naples. Eappre- feel in straight the head of Apollo graduated time a d. e around you it reads on the right U PVUO U • F : on the left C MO- GOD • GR • F. R. Cavallo free face a d. e jumping: of above a star a fourteen rays. It weighs gr. 396.50. Cote- this bronze I have it judged to be modern copy, e this my opinion now I is confirmed by what of its weight of beyond a fourteen once he has me written the eh. De Petra, al which one I did request. It resembles in all true published axis from Caronni, that I he bought e he introduced in the Hedervary Museum {illus Hederv. pars. I p. 35 tab. II n. 42) : it was of gr. 307. Of the specimen that it was one time in the Lombardi collection in Lucerà this is not the case is known so far where it is. Mr. Prauoesco Mongelli before 1848 me he showed one of his own, which he had removed outside the gates of Lucerà by hand to two shepherds, i which ones procuring to divide it they had it already deeply carved and broken. It nevertheless, however yes bad ashlar, passed then in the Collection of prince Spinelli, where in 1855 the Miner- wines attests of having seen it {Obs. number page 105). Della news given from the Ecoio of the Lombardi specimen you see this that I say in Pavergo a page 41. The double discovery done of this axis in campa- gne Lucerà has some demonstrated the homeland: first the Maz- clogs followed from Caronni I had attributed it to Pesto, but not yes you know for qual reason. Del rest, when yes he uttered from same mint the axis reduced, al Apollo type ago replaced the Hercules covered from bare of lion, to the star of fourteen rays that of eight. Plate LXIV. 1. In the Kircherian. Euota a four rays private gods quarters of circle : of above is the note of the quineunce, i.e. of the half of the axis decimal. R. II. type same. The his weight it is of four ounces e twelve denarii, even a gr. 126. A ces- leave no doubt that this bronze depicts a wheel so crudely expressed, but nevertheless also recognized from De Witte in the description of the plate. IV" page 12 (H. de la monn. ed. Blacas), good observe that i types of this one fused series are then repeated in the series minted with the order m^edth. So there you have a wheel a eight mu-rays nita gods quarters of his circle. Ed it is good warn him, why we'll see, that these types I am repeated in the series minted, where also we learn that they are symbols of divi- nity there depicted. 2. Coli. mine. Club and note of the Triente from a side, on the other the lightning. It weighs grams 100.50. The specimen of Kirche- rian it is of three ounces, fourteen denarii and a half. 3. Kii'cher. Dolphin face a left e below the note from here- dranting. R. Astro a you are rays. It weighs two ounces and 23 denarii, 4. Eirch. External part of the pecten shell. R. Astragalus e upstairs the note of sextant. 5. Coli. mine. Aww. 7?. Spiga of wheat and the ounce note. It weighs gr. 33.50. The specimen of the Kircherian it is of an ounce e money seven. 6. Kirch. Waxing moon. R. Tirso on whose ferula flutters an- knotted one tapeworm. It weighs an ounce, five money and a half: another specimen weighs nineteen and a half denarii.

This one tapeworm fluttering from two sides it is was bad inter- pretata almost those flourishes they were i tentacles of an octopus, that for such yes is required e yes holds the deck of fronds e twigs of thyrsus. 7. Mia Coli. I have here place this bronze that he has i medical types like that the ounce. K represents from a side the frog e on the other one ear of wheat. It it is devoid of the note of value. Similar a this it is the type of that bronze that I have represented in table LV n. 8: but it has the law genda nV, which has examples in the book series from Todi, and beyond in this one of Lucerà. Its weight is 45.50 grams. The Lucerini still have a small series of their own coin e of the Roman one but in this one they used you the initial U distinctive, waves it gets stronger the previous series attributed to the Lucerini. The reduction appears to be made on the fourth part of pound. 8. Kircherian. Head of young Hercules with the lion's remains in chief e the club close together at the neck turned to the right. R. Horse free galloping on the right, above eight-rayed star, below U. Pesa two ounces and 14 denarii; a chopped-up example of mine hee two places weighs two ounces and nine denarii : Eiccio gives some one of three ounces. 9. Kirch. Four-spoked wheel and quineunce note: in the lower U. R. The wheel itself. It weighs one ounce and 22 denarii. Until the two specimens of my collection weighs gr. 38, the other]31.70. 10. Kirch. Club, of above the note of triente, below the letter tera initial U. R. Lightning. It weighs gr. 33.50.

T.XLV AES GEAVE 35 11. Coli. my. In this broken appears the first once an L of shape cbe it's called normal e square. It weighs the same gr. 33.50. 12. Kirch. Dolphin: of above it is the note of the dial, below the letter U. R. Astro ad eight rays. It weighs twenty-one denarii. 13. Coli. my. Two specimens of type previous in which ones the letter L it is quad-ata : one weighs gr. 20, the other 23.80. 14. Kirch. Pecten shell seen from the outside. B. Astragalus, of above the note of sextant, of below the letter U. Weigh gr. 17. 15. Coli. my. I types e the value I am those of n. 14, but the letter L it's normal. It weighs gr. 5.20pm. 16. Zirch. Eana. R. Spiga of wheat: of above it is the little globe note of the ounce, of ^eight the letter U. Weighs nine money. 17. Kirch. Waxing moon. R. Tirso carrying a tapeworm fluttering : the ferula also serves for vertical rod of letter L-. It weighs six grams and 20 ceutigr. 18. It is one of three specimens from my collection, in which the L it is normal. It weighs gr. 6.20. ASCULUM APULUM Plate LXV. 1 1-5. Late and after research iterate yes it is decided, had regard to provenance, that the melted coins with the letter A in- written with the note of value on the obverse, and on the reverse a ful- mines are from the mint of Ascoli di Puglia. The pieces of this series found so far I'm the trient, the quadrant, the sextant, the ounce e the semoncia. I weights notice from Minervini {Obs. p. 97) I am these: triens gr. 46.00; quadrans gr. 27.71; sextans gr. 22.72 ;.wr>CM gr. 1.30pm; semuncia gr. 6.68. These same weights I find notice from Sambon in Re- cherches of 1860 p. 74: e of new in Recherohes of 1869, where also there attributed to Ascoli Piceno and gives al trient for greater weight gr. 53 and for minor gr. 44; e like this says about the dial that descends from gr. 27 a gr. 21 e the sextant from 22 gr. a 17. These weights demonstrate that the mint of Ascoli he did not issue his melted coin on yes- stem pound, but on triental. VE^SrVSIA Venosa gran city the which origin yes ago go back up a God- mede had one from Koma colony in 461, why standing on the border of Paglia e of Lucania kept those two peoples in awe. It was in possession gods Samnites, what about they were kicked out, when the console Postumium the taken of assault; writing Horace (L. II Sat. I, 34, following): Nani venusinus arai finem sub utrumque colonus Missus ad hoc, pulse, vetus est ut fame, Sabellis, Quo ne per vacuum Romano incwreret hostis, Sive quod Apulia gens, seu quod Lucania hellum I would incite violence E the commentator: Eo missus erat Romanus colonus eo tempore, quo a Romanis Sabines forbid sunt, ut ne for vacuum locum, Sabellis expulsis, process Lucanis ad Ro- manos esset pervium. Milliugen was astonished as never before one such city not had its own currency. He is true, he says, that there have been coins with the inscription \f for a long time attributed in Velia, e now it is supposed that belong a Venous ; but some seem to having to assign oneself rather to Veretum in Japigia, not having of the rest other guide that the initial \E for if uncertain {Consid. p. 241). The Eckhel he estimated yet it clie this \E meant Velia, indu- tovi from type of Pallas and the owl (D. n. v. I, 166). Sestini was unable to contradict himself, although he said he couldn't persuade what coins i which types they had a lot analogy with those of Lucerà should be given to Velia. Of the rest recommended of see if could ever be given to Venosa {Descr. page 17). Doubt it was removed e the question decided when Father Baselice returning he brought to Naples from Venosa with him some melted coins purchased there, and showed them to the Avel- linen, who, not finding any epigraph there, nevertheless assigned them a that colony because of their public origin done the axis {Roll. arch. nap. to. II p. 34 Table II fig. 6). He also reported to you the example by Carelli (Plate XLV, 2). yet it coming from Venosa, but given how uncertain. Now we can be sure that the Venosini merged several series of their currency, e in the first they omitted at all the mo- nogram \£, that they wrote then in the second. The axis of the first series it is of weight pound, but of system de- top, e it has no note of value : the quincunx, or yes semisse however missing, e yes can be certain that they didn't have the triente, because it is missing also to series co- niata : neither this it is without example. The ticks of Puglia are beating also the semoncia e us we have it in the series minted of Venosa: though we notice that not yes it is again found the one that belongs to series purred. The note of value is found marked in alone sextant of series lib- brale. In dial venous of decrease semissal the note is missing of value, but in sextant there is on both sides, and in the ounce by one side alone.

I have reported to mint venosine a dial e im sextant by conjecture alone to which attribution will not be obstacle the repeated note of value, get to know it the inco- room of the mint of Venosa: and neither do I will oppose the new type, having noted that also in molten money the Venosini have two types in sextants and ounces. Yes it can also say they have issued the dial with two types different, of what you see the table. 6. Coli. Saint. Protome of boar time to left R. Protome of hunting dog once on the left It weighs gr. 330. There is an example plare in the British Museum of weight of gr. 338.51. 7. Kircher. Three halves moons opposite from part convex re- looking at the center. R. Pecten shell seen from the outside. It weighs three ounces and im money. If the axis it's pound-for-pound it is therefore it is clear that this bronze can only be a dial. Its origin there it's unknown, but the comparison of u. 10 with similar types and the initial \E of the name of Venosa ensures that care the homeland. We are deprived therefore of the semisse, or yes quicunce, e of trient.

36 AES GKAVE T. IXTI 8. Kircli. Waxing moon, and reversed the same type. It weighs- ciassette money. The comparison of the similar bronze with the syllable The initial of Venosa was shown to us by the mint that issued it. If it was semoncia, we are missing of sextant e of the ounce. 9. Kircheriauo. DeMno aimed at left e of below the note from sextant, fl. The same type of the obverse with the note itself of value. V is also of this bronze the comparison in sextant that adds to it the name of Venosa. The weight of the one in the Blacas collection is 56 grams, ours it is of gr. 55.53. I placed this bronze out of the first series that it is private of the note of value. We learn that in Venosa as in Lucerà it began to affix i globes of ounces before the pound axis was reduced. 10. Kirch. Three half moons opposite from part convex al center e of above \E. A. External of the shell peclen. It weighs one ounce, nine money e half. If this it's a qua- drant, as that of n. 7, we have therefore that the axis when it was reduced to semissal he had the legend \F e not- less i globes of the value vi are omitted. This inco- room must suspend the ours opinion about the series pound that one would seem to have to carry these notes, if the se- standing of it series n. 9 it isn't provided. 11. Coli Carelli (Pl. LXXXIX, 14) Half moon with the epigraph \f. /?. Lo same type with the sign of the ounce. 12. Kircher. DeMno that go a left and has of below the note of sextant e of above the epigraph \E. R. Lo same guy, and above the note of the sextant. It's unclear to me which series reduced belongs, though I have it given separately. This specimen weighs 23.00 grams. There are plenty of others. 15.90, of 19 and a half, of 22.40, all equipped of the epigraph and of note of value. Plate LXVI. 1. Kirch. Owl in prospect e note of sextant. R. Head of signal and is repeated there the note. I have here outlined this one coin in followed at series of Venosa, why could well to have belonged to any of them. It weighs two ounces and two money and a half. These types they see each other again above one coin minted from the aforementioned Venosa. The Capranesi {Ann. InsUt. 1870, 210 tab. Q no. 1) he drew in error him authors of the serious AES assuming that on reverse it was one head of wolf and not of boar. 2. Kirch. Head youthful of Hercules covered from skin of lion time a d., in front there is the sign of dial. R. Protome of pork a d. It weighs two ounces. You have these types although separately on the coins minted in Venosa. The birthplace of this bronze, like the previous one, is unknown. LUCANIA AUSTRALIS METAPONTUM 3. Kirch. Beardless two-faced, on the right the epigraph W\ET (see the plate) R. Elephant facing left. above there is an uncertain figurine, but, pel comparison of n. 5 may have been a little victory. In- the exergue is the note of the trient. Its weight is 28.65 grams and supposes the axis reduced quadrantary. Yes it is opinionated that i Lucani they arrived ad take possession of Metaponto , ed there they merged these coins that in character Oscan they sign up tlIET ; but it was not considered that the Lucanians never have melted coins in city from them conquered, that not yes they are needed in their coins that of the alphabet greek, also when they use the their dialect own, e like this they write AOYKANO/V\ in osco, as AYKIANilN in Greek read- rature. So let's say it rather than the Metapontians transform mati from the long run domination of the Lucanians, later the retreat of Pirro, returns free come on Eomani they issued these coins. The long possession of this people is indicated by Strabene, where says that the Samnites abolished the Neleidi r/cfaviadi] vnù festivals .^ayr^rou' (VI, 264). IlMillingen [Consid.^.2o, 22) following the Cluverio {It. front p. 1278) rightly holds that here for Samnites must understand i Lucani. 4. Kirch. Head youthful maybe crowned vault a d., behind it is the note of sextant , in front the name /V\ET. R. Elephant gradient a left of above it probably is one victory steering wheel that crowns it. Of this one coin yes it is had of a second example is recent found in campaigns of Sepino, and it weighs gr. 18.70. A fragment of no other example plare was given to me in Salerno forty-three years ago. 5. From one of mine cast. Bearded head a d. R. Elephant a d. choir- born from victory. 6. Coli. Lauria. Bearded head turned towards d. ; at the back of the neck the legend /V\ET (see plate) R. Elephant : above the sextant note. The Minervini (in the Rull. arch. nap. Ili and in the Observ. numism. page 74) he believed it represented a doe that was the nurse of Telephone : the nail visible in all four your feet doing it undoubtedly determine for doe. But not to me other it appears that what I expressed in the table.

In the specimen of the Borgiano Museum e in how many mi I am known of Propa- ganda, you can see it clearly a elephant of barbaric style but with fleshy feet a which they can suppose le three or four claws, but not a soft claw typical of the deer. • CAlVrPANIA VELECHA 7. From a plaster of Coli. Odelli. Head of sun beaming with prospectus : a d. the initial D, a left the note of semisse meaning with you are globes. A. Waxing moon ed star a nine rays within a circle of as many little globes: in low the note of semisse. 8. Kirch. I same types of coin previous: a right the 3 of which yes retains the vertical rod, on the left. a clue of the two globes. R. Moon growing ed star with the two glo- betti in high. It weighs nine money. 9. Kircherian. Head of the sun beaming in front, below there is the note of sextant. R. bust of horse facing left. e ha in front the note itself has the letters CE below it. It weighs 22 money e half. There is an example of this in the British Museum tannic {Catal. page 128) place among the uncertain Oscan coins.

T. LXVII SEVERE AES 37 10. Kiroher. I types they are similar to the previous one, but the note is from- the ounce. E. Bust of horse face a d. that ha in front the same note. It weighs sixteen money. I joined together these four pieces belonging to two series different but exited from workshop same, how of- shows the name of the city starting on the hill initials C and CE. We have of coins minted that they repeat i medical types simi of head of sun e of the bust of horse and they bring the legend, when it is whole, CEAEXA. If these people ha coin melt of the system quadrantary it is therefore before rior in this place to the First Punic War. But which one it is this one Velecha ? In Campania, we must say that yes you find- wine There is no city that carries these coins other similar name. Just one village located between Atella e Naples approaches it called Pollica, and Giustiniani says that in ancient cards yes finds Polvica written, Pulbica. The series following eh it is anonymous, yes believe bell, but not yes it is noticed that makes use gods you are globes how the previous for note the semisse, while him osci cam- breads they serve themselves of the axis decimal, e though the they sowed it is a quincunx. The Friedlaender who allocated the Velecans in Campania not gave them that le sun three coins minted, that they are at my place engraved in Plate LXXXVIII, 10, 11, 12. 11. Kircherian. Two young people in short tunic belt and one of them with chlamys swollen from the violence of the motion they seem to be came to blows fighting with tight fists. A. Two halves opposite moons with the part convex al center and having bye- scone in the bosom of a star : in the bottom there is the note of the semisse in you are globes. It weighs one ounce and a half. If you have an example plare in the Museum of Pesaro: the Zanetti (Micks, page 451) he attributed it to Luni, where we don't know what never be tro- vati pieces of this one series. 12-14. Kircher. I types of these three bronzes I am those themselves of the semisse : only ne they differ in note of value e pel weight. The n. 12 it's a trient weighing twenty denarii and half; the n. 13 it's an ounce of weight of eleven money e half; the n. 14 it's a semoucia of weight of four de- nari and a half. Not no they were interpreted; i types how much to mint, yes they are classified bro him uncertain (Aes serious Table IV, A, .5). I have posted here some coins, of which ones it is ignored the homeland and they look come from Italy superior, not though what I ask al n. 15. 15. (Severe Aes Table IV uncertain. A, 6). Head virile with hair curls turn to left, at the back of the neck the ounce note. R. A de- cusse cross equilateral. 16-17. (The serious aes, uncertain, Plate V from Arigoni no. 4, 5). The second bronze n. 17, which has for type the half moon e the star with a small globe a right, must have instead i three globes how in n. 16 and yet see there I have added. They not they mean the note of value, but him stars and this is it also the meaning of those who I am on reverse. 18-19. (Severe AES above cited V uncertain no. 7, 8 dalP Ari- goni). Compare bronze outlined in Table XLIV n. 1 1 that it is on the other coinage but with types similar a these. APPENDIX SABINI NVESIA-ANCARANO Plate LXVII. 1. a, b. Coli. Nardoni. Neil' ancient necropolis located near Anca- behind the mountains of Norcia, from which we go with you today alone three quarters from now of travel, Inspector Guardabassi of the excavations attested of having found thirty-six kilograms e half of aes rude minute (Mem. dei Lincei a.. 1878). Unique but it's this tile quadri-ata which leads to type in- hollow an equilateral cross with a small rod raised in the centre, almost fulcrum or foot of the land surveying groma seen from- the top. A. Similar figure to letter C still imprinted it in bronze. A bronze of same nature of ours yes it is published by P. De Feis (See the following table n. 3). Not it is but a fragment of slab, but im shapeless bronze melted, which one I have it done represent in the Plate LXVIII n. 3. But now Mr. Stettiner owns in the collection his a specimen for impressed types very similar to that of Anca- frog; it's one tile again it, how that of Anca- rare, but triangular in shape, weighing approximately 30 grams with the very same cross on it of one face, e the half moon imprinted on the other. It him he came from Perugia. Consta that him ancient they marked Vaes rude as the signalum. Nella collection of march. Strozzi I am two fragments of quadrilateral found in excavations of Tarquinia which bear as a mark a crescent moon with a star. Around at different opinions they seek to explain the reasons of brands and markings can be seen the Borghesi (Oeu- vres, l; 212 213). No one though bronzes with countermark are marked with two faces. Therefore I estimate that this is be one news of aes signatum, load-bearing his types imprinted in recess. RUTULI ARDEA 2. a, b, e, d, e. Kircherian.

This distinguished fragment this way- right hand, which was given to me to see when the printing of aes signatum tables it was done, mi it seemed pre- th of the work, which was at least in the appendix. I have it done outline everyone i sides, so that the similarity could be confirmed of this piece of Lazio with those of earthquakes of Emily found in Reggiano and Parmigiano. The so-called branch dry is about two larger sides, but without of those glo- boluses with rings that in some quadrilaterals they can be seen imprinted on the trunk at each branch of the arms, and that is proper a apparently of mint of Todi. The metal last bro bracket e bracket in minor sides has that trend which ab- we love noticed in general in quadrilaterals in which ones of above yes widen. The his weight it is of gr. 2691.00 equal to lbs 8, gr. 3.00. Not it is whole e yes you see from shot of club he carries imprinted, letfc. and, that it was broken in

38 ÀES GEAVB T. LXVIII LXIX half : can so assume that the whole weighed sixteen lbs approximately. Any alleged distinction of ticks from this therefore ceases part, e alone you can say, between us I am more rare these bronzes primitive, e in Emilia instead they are the most common. SUPPLEMENT I CAESENA Plate LXVIII. 1. a, b. Collect mine. Found it from Mr. V. Capobianohi in Cesena at a shopkeeper together with other fragments of aes rude and signatum: now in my collection for free cious his gift. Its shape is slightly rounded pelvis concave as seen in the drawing, which represents the gross sezza. It is very singular not only because it appears very certain- mind cut, of what now yes they have other examples sure, but why who I cut he intended manifest say do it an axe, whose shape the cut piece expresses to mara- cowardice. I won't fail to point out that bro the pieces of this deposit, a second one was brought to me, which has the same shape as accept but not like this beautiful e finished. The weight of the fragment drawn here it is of gr. 351. He who gives a metal bread lico cut two hatchets he wouldn't have to certainly melted a hatchet for do it aes rude. SAMNIUM 2. Mine collection. This piece of aes rude me it is been brought from Ponte Landolfo, a city located a short distance from Campo Lat- taro in Sannio, territory of the Ligurian Bebiani. I already have it given in drawing the smooth part in Table VI n. 9, but then I wasn't even aware of it of the very singular letter ì imprinted by mark on face opposite. The shape of letter it is archaic, the trend it is retrograde: but not there it is given of establish that sense yes have. It was with others larger pieces under large stones that they wanted to remove by the owner lawyer. D. Daniele Perugini. On a coin two initials S F were read in bronze from the D'Ailly collection , le which ones in another bronze yes views explained FORTVNAI STIPE (D'Ailly, fiecherches sur la monn.rom. 1 pl.LIV, 12; cf. mine SijU. page 555.2299). Our bronze precedes the era of the Benevento colony, and the transplantation of Bebiani Ligurians in Sannio. 3. Belona in the Orvieto area, now owned by P. D. Leopoldo De Peis Barnabite and from he published with a statement, in the which one it is of opinion, that this shapeless piece with a cross equilateral impressed by a side e an anchor on the other, yes the truth and primitive aes rude weighing one ounce for those imprinted signs aes signatum. I already said forward that a similar piece came to us from the necropolis of Anoarano but in square tile supporting one side of the letter C sign e on the other one cross very similar equilateral a that of Belona. and also from Perugia if not she had one second tile with signs same, which brings that of Ankaran. The minute aes rude collected in that necropolis mounted a one hundred e ten lbs approximately, but among many small pieces one only carried the two signs predicted. Le let- tere i Imprinted marks have generally always remained e they are held universally into account counter-brand: and others reason : we actually find these marks imprinted too on the AM emerged from the molds with raised signs. But not there is example that the counter-marks occupied the field of coin, uh that were imprinted on one o'clock e the other face. Eagion therefore wants these imprinted signs to be say how types. Vi it was therefore one third class of aes that brought i types in recess. But I wouldn't know how to follow Father De Peis, when he estimates that Vaes rude it was in origin of a mi- nimo and determined. EOMA 4. Coli. Pasinati , today passed into that of Mr. Pietro Stettiner. Fragment of quadrilateral with a dolphin archaic style on both faces, the first quadrilateral known to have been found in Rome it it is state raised from the waters of the Tiber pro- primarily between Ponte Kotto and Ripa Grande, Pesa gr. 1460 equal to four pounds, four ounces and grams 12. I take topic from place given al dolphin for believe oh a similar dolphin must have been figurative in the missing part. I say, because it was cut, because you can see a marked line on it and little above of it the sign of the ax for arrange the bronze at the blow of bat. The quadrilateral whole had to so weigh a eight in nine lbs. It is remarkable that in this quadrilateral the thickness of the protruding drool bro le two brackets yes same from above in low, and regular. Not there is so far a bronze of this one class like this elegant e symmetrical. SUPPLEMENT II . PRAENBSTE Plate LXIX. 1. Found in the lands between Val Montone and Monte Portino. Head of lion of a prospect who bites a sword blade acute to two cuts equipped with handle on the right. R. Protome of horse debrided time a left in front to the forehead there is a half moon. It weighs gr, 347.

It is this the third axis which there it comes from the surrounding lands a Pai extrin, where I got it party to assign it to the illustrious one city in Lazio. The aces deprived of signs monetary they form one before series, the second is distinguished by a caduceus, of which one I I am helped to put together some pieces that repeat the same sign: these I am the semisse e the dial (Plate XLI, 2, 4). Now for this new one load-bearing axis for the crescent moon teaches, you will have to do equally, and yet we will wait for that the earth there put it back of the broken that have this monetary sign. • VELITRAB 2. 0, b. Museum of Naples. Quadrilateral of Borgiana collection, hitherto described, but not published by drawing. P. Eckhel

T. LXX AES GEAVE 39 I he saw the first in Velletri and described it : later the Borgia r inserted in the rn(o/of/o of his Museum transcribed by Avellino e given in light by Fiorelli {Ann. of numìsin. Yol.ll p. 99). Ibid the Borgia p. 10 attributes it to Kimini. And it represents from a side the blade of a sword, on the other the scabbard with the baldric strap. It weighs gr. 1898,14 even to five pounds ed 8 ounces minus 6 grams. Borgia assigns him 60 ounces and de- nari 2. It was found together with the quadrilateral leading from a side the eagle on the lightning, on the other the pegasus e the epigraph ROAAAMOAA. The Carelli perhaps had a sketch of it drawing but, if it is so, a lot different. Because the handle not it is curved above, as he represents it Carelli's drawing, but it ends in a pommel; it doesn't have then the summit free for hand guard, but joined in one piece. with the blade. This is a he bets and has two cuts the which shredding to two thirds yes al- wide like of iron of a spear. It then ran for long from one it costs of strength. How much to the sheath this it is podded and has the end lower protected by a large plate hemmed fit of pelta, which le does from crespel. The cingulum it is knotted at the upper end a little of below upon opening or mouth that receives the blade, the which one appears have two breasts e rise up in the middle, why the blade, in- introduced that yes, hold still. See the statements made to Table XIII. SUPPLEMENT III ETEURIA . . TAEQUINII Table LSX. 1. Tarquinia. Axis col type of a star a four rays repeat- everything in the reverse. The system to repeat on the reverse side the guy of the obverse, typical of the Sabatine and Sabine mint (Plate XXXIV, XXXV), e of some city of Etruria central (Tab. LII, 2, 3; Lm) it is seen here usurped also by Tarquinia. Of that we had a clue in the reduced quadrilaterals (Plate XXVII, 4, 5; XXVn, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), which like quadrilaterals with the type of the branch braeciato (Plate IX, 1. 3H; 1, 2, 3; XXV 1, 2) e of the ox (Plate XX), they repeat the half moon or the let- tera A on both faces. Of this axis discovered in 1875 that ha weight gr. 368 have not yet been broken. The other axis, that gave us Tarquinia in several specimens, it seems that it must stay at the head of series both that weights gr. 352, as that of the Turin Museum, 323 as that of the British Museum Nico, 307 as that that was once in the collection Capobianchi ed it's stale from me drawn in Table XLVI. These weights enough demonstrate, that in Tarquinia, more that in Atri e elsewhere, not yes it was for nothing to pound Roman effective or nominal, whatever you want to say. PHALISGI SAURA FALISCORUM 2. In the Museum of Naples, found in Calabria in the countryside of Nicotera {Not. of the you dig 1882 page 285). And a second example of that very rare and so far unique one from the Olivieri Museum of Pesaro, that represents on both sides the head of Apollo Sorano (see Table XXXIII, 3), added to it by money symbol- such behind the neck a bunch of grapes that mistakenly grow it should be a 1^. The petiole that not here it's clear yes seen expressed in the table cited in Pesaro. General- mind yes holds for a long time experience that the melted coins of greater weight not yes they find a lot distant come on city e regions that le they issued : but here the distance it is yes big that the analogy of some axis of the is just enough to explain it Central Italy ti;ovate, by way of example, in Veleia o a Trent. The reason for such transportation is not always that smooth be divine: also for this axis which belongs to the Falisci of Sabina yes you can suspect that i settlers deducted from the Komani in Hipponius verse the year 515 they are been part of those Fa- smooth, that shortly after they were deducted in Sardinia (see the Sylloge inscrib. front n. 558). APULIA LUCERIA 3. (a), h. Coli. Lauria. It is the reverse of the axis published by Minervini {Osierv. page 104 Table IV, 14) whose obverse is similar to that of the specimen following. Here then I have reproduced by one of mine particular drawing the face b only where they are read the names of the two above the mint, which is believed to be lucerina. Minervini kept this bronze undoubtedly genuine, I always have them defended; but it seemed to me that vi should be a original ancient from which one the modern impostor could have derive the legend with such paleography ed spelling superior a any ordinary counterfeiting. The lesson of Minervini was: SE POS C BAB ed U • , explaining and substituting Sergius or Servius Postumius, Pu- hlius Babidius, Luceria. Me I read U for the first time SExtio P BAB (Syll page 78). 4. a, b. From the countryside of Campobasso, now owned from Mr. Dom. Bellini.

To confirm of mine suspicious and diiBdenze it is came to light after many years this new specimen openly modern, but with legend well preserved, waves it is state resumed the exam from me of the first exemplify and the result was a fuller lesson than the first bronze mal successful in fusion. The names they are monetary duumvirs been here differently orderly, giving yourself first place a Babio, the second a Sextius: here it is the epigraph SEP • BABI • U • SEXTI . Both the cones seem to have emerged from it hand, that not paying attention in the circular inscription on the lines paleographic, that they were times al center, he gave us some in one e in the other bronze some of them inclined if- driving the hand that modeled from left to right ; I that parmi topic of modern artist. If the original never has existed, him that he invented these names e there administered to the craftsman shows not to ignore the paleo- handwriting ed spelling archaic Latin. To me not ago certain- mind obstacle the name SEP for Seplimus although the confess rare like that Creili was able to support it well made from the Hagenbuch the Seplimius supplement, taking it off

40 AES GEAVE T. LXX so from class of first names in the Gruterian 527, 1, where it reads : SEP • ANICIVS DAMA ; opinion accepted also from Mr. Henzen, waves, in the index of Orelli ha place this Septimius among those names, that falsely they believe they are first names: nomina quae male pro praenominibus habentur. But if it is true that pronouns Quintus, Sextus, Decimus, noted by Varro, they came from the order of birth, qual reason vi it will be, he says the Bourgeois {Oeuvr. SCREWS page 33) from reject those, that Varro not quote, while the analogy ne comes guarantor ed also the done. Var- rone says (De L. L, IX, 60 ed. Muli.) : By praenominibus, quibus dlscernerentur nomina kindness, ut ab number, in viris Quintus, Sextus, Decimus. The fact then is oh in the Epitome of nom. rat. (L.X Val. Max.) is remembered the pro- name Septimus, brought already from the first king of the Bquicoli: Ab aequicoUs Septimum Modium primum regem eorurn: Ibid the annotator quote Livy (1, XXV, 37), that writes: L. Marcium Septimi flium e the codes, that I agree give this lesson. OPINION NEW FAKE QUADKILATER WITH THE TYPE OF THE SWORD AND THE SCABBARD AND THE ROMAN EPIGRAPH I'll begin from repeat this, that elsewhere I wrote gods three qua- drilaterals of Claims, to give a judgment competent of a new quadrilateral bearing him themselves types but modified, which yes is supported e maybe it is still claimed to be genuine and authentic. The ab. Before 1804, Minervino was held in Naples near lateral he had for like a sword e on the reverse a scabbard, next door to which it was expressed in a strange way a bolt of lightning; read- gevasi furthermore from part of blade the epigraph ROAAANOM. P. Caronni who he saw it he fell in love with it and obtained it at great speed ghi a design gave birth to it in his Information (Tab.XIII). He could then by the heir of Minervino buy the bronze gold- ginale for the Wiczay Museum. But it remained at Caronni to learn what, what him of- minuì later the joy of that purchase for give place a suspicious. In Rome how it began a know each other of quadrilateral Minervinian so there was a this Giuseppe Claims, which of- he clarified publicly be he the author of that e of two others quadrilaterals such. Caronni therefore had it here the first notice, which he did it enter in distrust of that much vaunted purchase of his : waves in the description of the Hedervarian Museum printed by Wiezay (tom. I n. 387) put some in doubt authenticity. From the side his the Seidl {Schwergeld, page 64) say for I know- very dear the specimen identical preserved in Cabinet of Vienna ed the Mr. Arneth confirmed this the opinion. It wasn't missing therefore that of know where yes concealed the third exemplary e of we will answer this us, having had it certain news and more ima plaster copy in 1861 from the Museum of Volterra. After all it was never held for genuine, but everything al piti copy of a original ancient, second the Can. Gori prefect of that Museum, to which opinion subscribes the prof. Migliarini in the letter from 6 April 1861, where corroborates such an opinion of Gori glue testimony of he, who I said at the Museum, which, like him writes, I qualified by repetition from ancient original : and it makes me notice the Migliarini who were in Volterra at that time two Inghirami stewards, beyond many others. 11 Can. Gori he wrote on March 16 of this year at Mi- gliarini: « Tradition is against authenticity of the present axis in speech ». And he continues to say: « From the cast I am sending you She can detect some criterion on nature of such fusion and inform about it the very clear P. Garrucci, which could insti- provide some useful disquisition on the true original." That's it I wrote and disclosed it in the Civ. Cat. quad. 726 page 724, in following From these three copies that it is by now sure be those of which the Claims yes he confessed author, you have to now distinguish a quadrilateral of recent out to light that he repeats the identical drawing but with particularity different. This quadrilateral he lay for a long time piece ignored e it would be ignored however, if a such Bonichi not I had stretch out come on darkness. He's a nice guy tell me yes he introduced at the College Roman with bronze original and a drawing that Serbian still asking me of make one illustration. But being me I re- smelled, that I knew it was false, he sent it to Paris where the Duke of Blacas purchased it for his collection, persuaded to have in it found the ancient model, from which Sinistri had drawn his three copies by modifying them in some parts the type.

Because in this the head of ram placed for the pommel of the sword look a right, the lightning a foot of the sword is omitted, the shape varies of the sheath, pointed at the tip, and the letter N is added to the front to ROMANOAA, who missing in the specimens of Claims, not excepted that of Caronni, against a what about it wrote for error the Blacas [H. dd the m. t. I pages. 179, note), e the epigraph it is transported by right a left of scabbard. Or the Duke he argued 1' antiquity of this bronze more places of the Histoire de the cleavers, and he did the same then the Baron De Witte in the description of the tables tom. IV of- the work itself. One such difference of opinions yes it is still noticed as for the two coins bearing the legend PO/V\A, KVPI and OVAUAISTEA, must be surprising if yes consider to which refinement of initiation of the ancient today the impo- stories; ed it's good remember the urn of lead, said in France of Domitilla, once preserved in the Blacas Museum, declared as parfaitement authentique (Revuearchéol.lSQQ page 20) e published as such ed illustrated by Gerhard {Ant. Bildwerke pi. LXXXVII 1-4), the which shape of chalk I have I saw it in house of cav. Ruspi, that me the showed, declaring it the in- winder ed craftsman. An argument of incompetence in the forger can also suggest it the epigraph N ROMANOM, that in opinion of Mommsen and De Witte can only be explained by Nummus Roma- ncrum. But what the Romans in the coins issued on their behalf from 1

T. LXX AES GEAVE 41 ticks of the allies not have used the letter N like they do the Theatines and the Venosini, when they imprint the bronze decides bad, as demonstrated by the coinage with the epigraph ROAAA and the letter U n, where in the exergue they use the decimal system to signify instead of N the figure of the S meaning with the S le six ounces or yes the Roman semisse and with the four globes the other four. Furthermore it's from notice that this quadrilateral not yes can to be fused out from Lazio, in which not being in use the axis decimal, it would be state out of place naming nummus the bronze, that of more should assume of reduction semissal, weighing the quadrilateral ounces 53. IMAGINAEIO AXIS OF LUCERAN Incerino axis with head of diademed Apollo time a d. e around U- PVUiO- U- F- C- MODIO- CN- F. B. Running horse a right and above it a star with eight rays. It is outlined by Riccio we PoUorama putoresco (Naples n. 29), from which the author drew and printed the same article separately with the figure of the axis, which is was reproduced by Ritschl in the Priscae latiniiatis monumenta Ta?. V, together with the other axis given to us by Caronni. The Mommsen then he gave confusedly le two descriptions of Hedgehog with r Hedervariana of Caronni {H. de the m. The p. 344), reporting the alone registration that yes departs from that of Caronni, e not it is the true, how yes you'll see from the exam that here I add. The Hedgehog in the Poliorama states that this bronze it was found in 1847 at the door of Lucerà said of Troy and was purchased by Lombardi and egM ne gave news at Cavedoni (c£ Bull. Arali, of the Institute. 1847 p. 159), attesting that it weighed eleven ounces nap. even a gr. 294. But the same Hedgehog giving to light in Naples in 1852 the Repertoire or yes description e tax of ancient coins etc., cited from Mommsen col title Coins of city (1. cit.), a p. 29 gives of this which still calls unique coin of the Lombardi Museum one description different. Firstly says that the head of Apollo it is graduated e that the Stella is 14 rays, e of more than below the horse there is the ar- caica U initial of the mint lucerina. The qual description not it agrees with the obverse drawing which shows us an Apollo diademed with that of reverse, where the star it has eight spokes. e the letter initial U not vi you can see it. In which one last par- ticular of the letter U doesn't even go along with the description tion, that he ne he did at Cavedoni, in 1847. The King's Hedgehog- pertory that describes the only one Lombardi axis not it is therefore the Hedgehog of Cavedoni, e the Hedgehog of Cavedoni not it is that of Polyorama. It can therefore be reasonably assumed that al Riccio missing the drawing of the unique Lombardi axis yes yes served of a bronze edited from P. Marchi e from me reproduced to Table XXXIV n. 1.6, and to which he has added a reverse taken from the known axis Ulcerinus reduced (Plate LXIV n. 8), where yes it has the star ad eight rays: however, he omitted it the letter U, perhaps because it was warned, or becomes aware of the error. And this hypothesis seems to me explain the done of a design that does not agree with the only one original give it Riccio himself described by Cavedoni and in the Repertoire thorium, and not even with that of Caronni which he himself cited by saying what he thinks «that Lombardi coin be as described e outlined in the Hedervariano Museum under Pesto, Pars 1 pag. 35 tab. 11 fol. 42 » (Repert. note 35 a page 6). How much to registration, it yes it departs from that of Caronni in the disposi- tion is distribution it also departs from it in the dictation, changing the GR F in CN F. Let's conclude that this axis, as it is represented presented in figure from Riccio, not is never state in the collection Lombardi, no elsewhere, and yet will have to be excluded from the works gods sir, Ritschl and Mommsen, e of how many I they have cited e transcribed on faith of him. End cell Pakte first — Coins merged

ARICCIA CERVETE'RI

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T.III. 4 , %... \. -^ 0' ^y^ g.:-r /fflèfi CERVETET!.!

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T.VII. 1 BC MONTEFIASCONE - 2-a,b,cd OUINCiENTO

T.VIII. 1 a.b TERAMO 2-a,b.c. MAB.ZABOTTO

T.IX. "m 3 b 1 a.b.c. BLACKSMITH 2-a,b.c. T-a,b.c. CERVETE:p.

T.X. / ^..a/ / X, :?^-^ > ~ 2 h m IS'f" ^-nv^^ *ì. # 1 1 a.b. BRITISH MUSEUM a-a,b,c: BLACKSMITH 3 a. b.c. FIESOLE

T.XI. ; m- .(-J6. htJ-'JK> ' 1 m ^^^v 1^ y ' y -^^^ Y^P^ .,,7 1 a,b.. VULCI 2 a.b. BRITISH MUSEUM

T.XII. 1 a.b, LI PESARO MUSEUM 2a.b. ARICCIA 3a,b, BRITISH MUSEUM

T . Xlll. 1 year, BRITISH MUSEUM -2 ARICGIA

T.XIV. ^ a h 1 year, ARICCi'A 2 a.b. VATICAN MUSEUM 3 VIGARELLO

T.XV. b 1 year, GENZANO 2 a,b. VULCI