Doctrine of Ancient Coins, vol. 5 — 1796

he introduced it"). To be read in this TH- ^

NION, and is the island of Teni, SCYAF St.

To "Euboca, Argentoas XKTPION at the barrel of silicon

AEGAE SERIPHFS.

The Cyclades were united and lowly, autonomous yet it has illustrious

ZE. Chimera 10 Dove flying in laurel AR. 1, III. (Mouse, Cat.)

A strange seer, of such an obscure name an island which Tacitus despised the stone Seriphius is called ™), which et Cicero openly imputes ignominy to him °), and Origins P), so illustrious, nor in- having struck numerous gods, when, however, His other tracts are much more remarkable They are almost destitute of silver, - It happens since Siphnus is a rich island, and Se- almost contiguous bank very similar so me- the thigh and the fabric, than "of both faces." he signed the gods in print,

"relieved by the riches of the law, and both in- "May the sun be happy with mutual harmony and good-

that he lived in the communion of rum at that age in which these are called gods of the Seriphii. After all when, as you see well done, in the na- only 2 are inscribed with the like, discer- neither can they belong to both, though cer- let it be that it belongs to others. see which I give to these others to the nearest Siphnus will be noted. . 1

z : $ tk

A jisocnile head covered with a winged helmet in vo- Juncris heads out. € ZEPI Harp, AE. . HI. (Hunter.)

Here is an excellent example of argu- chin, who will deny the head of the front to be presented to the hero of the Persians

1) L. IV. c. 6. in the end Old age c. 3,- ») Contra Celsus L, L

m) Tom. II. P. 455

n) Annals. IV. c: 21. 9) De

I will be

"THE ISLANDS

but the gods of Philip V. of Macedonia re- ``

gis, of Larissa of Thessaly, of Lycao nia, and other cities do you want? which places we also discussed the harp, which is turned away, stands with one knife almost like Perseus himself. But what did Perseus do to him? common serifus, . to be expedited nar- rant Hyginus 3), Apollodorus 7), and Lu- cianus *), Perseus from Danae and also from his grandfather Acrisius, who, with the advice of the oracle he had known that he would be killed by the hand of his nephew, shut up in an ark, and cast into the sea The serifus would be brought, and found by fishermen to Polydectes, king of the island delstum, and liberally in the temple Miner- Alas, he was brought up. Even more seriously Apollodorus tells us that I was on an island, re- and the gem Polydectes that more harshly ma- he had treated the trem, the objects of the Gorgon in to have turned the rock Hraeclare according to this the god Pausanias, who when he had told Perseus was honored near Mycenae, he adds, but many of the greatest in Seri- pho °}, presumably for the reasons mentioned, and he also writes, boasting of his own citizenship, Ae- spleen x).

AR. R. AE. RARR.

SICINF &.

Among the Cyclades of little name.

A man's head is bare. © ZI. Bee. in elis: ZIKI Bo/rus AE. III. (Pellerin, Hunter.) | AE.' RRR.

p y -r EDU DERE pue —— ? rpp p e n a ptit.

«) Fab. LXHL r) L. IT. c. 4. € 18. x) De Nat. soul L. HL. e. 37. Dionysus Perieg. v. 525

s) Dial. Mar. 1? y) L. Ht, c. 57. b) Thes. Brand. T. l. p. 456.:

AEGALEI 355 SIPHNF St.

One of the Cyclades, which, according to the testimony of Herodotus y) considered the wealthiest of the islands in its vicinity it was because of the gold and silver mines to whom he owed his wealth, and to whom Pausanias also testifies *), and Eustace this 2). These resources are strengthened by the residual ma- a great quantity of silver, even a tetradrachm.

A4nulonomi

ZI. Chimaera, X .fquilá, or dove flying within a laurel, are often added va- the beginnings of the words AR. I. III. (Mus. Caes.) — '! '" o s

Gods very similar to the neighboring Seriphos had been signed, we saw in this, but caw-

both Cliimaera's non-

while it was permitted to divine. Who both po-

. to say that the plague originated in Corinth,

more conjecture from the type of Chimaera pe- following a certain authority there are those among Begerus b) But By this agreement we shall establish Chios also, or from Egypt, or from Boeotia, because to stamp the sphinx on his coinage, So far these gods have been illustrious in their entirety they could be seen at the station, with a suit against them he recently intended to cl: abbot Sestine, rans, insulting them in Siphnum "fugitives." to restore the heirs of Sicyon, brings, 1. because today most often in the vici- nia of old Sicyon are dug up, II. because they are of the same fabric as certain ones Sicyonts of the gods. II. because they have type

© L. IL from 4. 6. 3. 3) L. X. c. 11.

ey L, IÈ yA

E

336

The chimera proper to Corinth

jum, to which Sicyon was neighboring ^). true | I will tell the most famous men of peace, they cannot all these reasons are persuasive, as new I subscribe to this opinion, which prevails from reasons more solid than the old one, whose ar- Gumentum Prince is perfect of these the likeness of the swords to the swords of Seriphi whom indeed you would not distinguish, unless epi- graph in those ZI., in these ŻE, the difference would do, Sestine does not deny, the gods jn- written ŽE. to be Seriphi, wherefore when he can deny, the gods with the epigra- phe Zl. to be Siphni, when only the neighborhood of both, and the politician between the two that connection so anxious to the currency could he rule the yard? I abstain in the matter I think it is clear from other arguments.

e * *

A woman's head. 10 ZIP. Bird up flying below square, AR. I, (Pel- lezin.)

The bow is an ancient work,

His head was bare. X ZID. Eagle flying rose-serpentine. AE. II (Hunter.)

Apollo's head with laurel. £ ZIDN. Tri- a tooth AE. II. (Pellerin.)

Jupiter's head with laurel. € ZION, Ardent. AE. II, (Pellerin.)

EITI HPO, /retrograde) Protome Pail- uie € CLPNIWN. A standing dove. AE

HI. (Pellerin.

In the last epigraph of this deity re- Trograda is not to be attributed to the antiquity of the gods is, when he turned away the letter of 'recent

€) Literally. T. I. p. 142.

THE ISLANDS OF AEGAEL

offer forms. Like a boring bar Barisa's example in Meli's coin vi- we give E"

. After the completion of this work let us proceed with certainty, which indeed cl. Sestini's criticism to one all, tan- how certain of Sicyon, Siphnus rescued He says that his gift helps them to be more illustrious to mention, for the accrual of all and the catalog: the same learned man com- put

Apollo's head with laurel. X ZI Dove flying AR. 1V. (Hunter.) AE. He, (Mus. Caes.) added in some magistracy, ul AINEAZ - AIIOAA4QLNIOT - KAE- ANAPOT, etc., AE. IH (Mus. Caes, Hunter.)

Dove standing, in the field ANAPOT I- MOZ. X Xl. Tripus within laureate, AE. ] II. (Hunter.)

Zl. Uncertain plant, (Sestino Coloma sian.) X ET. A trip within a laurel. AE. IIl. (Neumann, and in my Numis vet, p. 159, but which I have mistaken there for Ts ET., and the crushed Zl. I had given it to Euboea. But Pellerinius likewise, when juxta 21 would see written AH,, Sidetibus Pam- He gives unjustly to the daughter)

Apollo's head with laurel. X ŽI. inira las the fault AE. III. (Pellerin in the woods. Mi- fate.)

That these were the gods of Sicyon, he eloquently added Sestine affirms. One reason for him, that in at that tract they were met with witnesses that com- meandering Let his testimony be re-

————————————————————————————————————— XMA—

THE ISLANDS OF AEGAEL

verity Hoo sent more into Siphnum the mind inclines. A dove flying in We have seen certain Siphnians silver, and in we certainly saw the head of Apollo in their bronze nis, qnod now in the present also returns, or for this his attribute tri- foot Author Stephen d) was in Si- The town was called Phollonia, from which In this island the worship of his god is more important. test to be confirmed. If someone is a little strong He thought that the argument was stronger he should bring something else for Sicyon. In the forest stremo a Pellerinius bed M for Æ, him- that for that reason I wrongly gave it to Miletus We said in the skies of Sicyon. "2 e

X. Columba volags. X. A flying dove. AR, III. 1V. (Mus. Caes. senian) AE. 3, (Neumann.)

A flying dove, in the AAEZLQN area, or OATMII otc. 10 Zl. within the laurel AE. III. (Hunter. Pellerin.)

ZI. A standing dove, 10 ET. within the laurel am AE. He, (Sestini.)

-~ Flying dove. 10 ET or OET*b, in through the laurel AE. III. (Pellerin, Neumann.)

All these gods are also given to Sicyon I do not deny that the Sestines are from Sicyon being able, Siphon must have been excluded from Sicyon given, I do not see a certain reason. cause ask for it from among them, as has already been said.

AR. RR AE. C.

of the Empire.

They are popular: Balbini one: CIDNIOON, Pallas stands and shakes the arrow. (Arigoni.)

d) In Arikha: {Fol. 11.)

337

Other Gordians with the same. type (Vailant; Arigoni )) AE. RR

S Y R'V S Cyclades together. Half a cow with a horse. (X ZTPION. Spica Av. 6, (Theopolis.) Gold coins, from two smaller islands it has not yet come out. I warn you, a cornme ox the husk and the spike meet even in the forest. of Syracuse Is it not possible in my orbs with a nod to those who fled, to read the rest of the letters, ZTPAKOZIQN?

» a. * °

A bearded head growing from the forehead with one eel double horn, X. X/TPI X'TYPIEGN., Ce- by standing because of a tree, or a spike. AE III. (Pellerin.)

A wonder in the other god ZTPIE. QN, with ZTPEON etonáology et.Ste- they demand bread. Antica exhibits Pana, ejas. which turned away the goat every day.

Av. RRRR. for it is Syria, AE. RRR.

TENPS Among the Cyclades.

S Autonomous.

Epigraph TH. THNI THN IQN. In silver Hunter, if only it belongs here is only T

Types: Head with a ram's horn, in others bearded, in others beardless. X. Neptune standing or sitting d. dolphin, s. (laughing, in the area is often protected. AR, IL (Hunter.) AE. 11: III. (Pellerin, Mus. Caes.) In others:

Neptune, or his atirióuta, etc.

Vv

3358

; In the front part they seem to be expressed ca-

the pita of Jupiter Ammon, and his son Bacchus. -

See what we will observe about them in the warning the Cyrenaica 1 AR. RRRR. AE. C.

To the emperor.

Inscribed THNI£YN betrayed Sabi- nae, (Pellerin.) Antoninus, Alexander; and Maximi, (Vaillant.)

. I met with the types except the following: Trident,

with whom the serpent entangled, in the god Alexan-

dr. (Vaill) Narrates from Philochoro Cle-

the mind of Alexandria *), Neptune in this

The island was treated as a doctor, and the reason for this He is joined to the three-toothed serpent.

AE. RR

T H E R 4.

In Mere Cretico, the Cyrene metro

e) Reminds to gent

ISLANDS

1 ° poles, | a » |

Aegael

4 dutonomi:

A youthful head against X OH Three dolphins AE. 11. (Pellerin.)

Only this one. we have a definite of this the money of the island, for which the other Pellerinius conjoins the writing above force." OHPA, it is certain that Corcyra nu- inside, to show that they are not just typed but the other twin god, whose ect- A nobleman had sent me a note. James Grade- nego, who besides the clear letters KO, presents AE. RRRR. È

of the Empire.

OHPAIQN, OHPE()N are mentioned with the head of Aurelius, Veri, and Commo di, (Vaill. Theup) typo .mostly Hermes AE.: RRR,

EMEEQEPECCTC CO 777 4

339

BOSPORPHUS CIMMERIVFS

The Kingdom of the Bosporus from the Bosphorus

, rio, which is the name of a narrow stream, which the Maeotis marsh with Pontus Enxinus sent to the Bosporan Europeans, and Asians are cut. The Europeans, as far as they are numismatists, we surveyed in T'aurica. There remain two cities of the Asiatic gods also known.

.GORGIPPI..

Vrbs mentioned by Strabo. At De- Dinarchus the rhetor complains In Athens, statues had been erected in the market Aeneas Paerisadi, Satyrus, Gorgippus, di- most tyrants?). Paerisades was king the Bosporus, the satyr tyrant of Heracles, each equal to Demosthenes, it seems Therefore, around the same time, Gor- gippus, king of the Bosphorus, at least in whose part you, and from this the name Gorgippia shot...

dulonomi

Apollo's head £ C'OPDITITIEON.

A tripe between two monograms. AE. 2,

C O L

e. h $ . . Euxine and the Bosporan kingdom in the east

when he was near, he betrayed the silver pair i - $

Similar pairs are in the Pelleri museum. no, from Cl. I understood Blondii's letters, AE, RRRR.

PHANAGORI A.

To the Bosporus itself, the Asian Bosporus

the chief city . E.

4 Autonomts,

A bare bearded head. 10 DA, Arch and an arrow AE. II. (Pellerin.)

This type of reverse is frequent throughout.

the Bosphorus, and the Chersonesus Taurica, what was the reason why this Pel- more leniently omitting other cities from "DA, in- to be given to the receivers of this Phanagoria thought, l Head Bread 10 DANA Argus and sa- thrown away AE, III, (Sestini Lettere T. IV.

p. 100.) AE.- BRRH.

ME IE" - See the gods of BEGYM BOSPORLI in re- Gibus Pontus <

C H L

Goltzius listed as KOAXQN and KOA- XOIZ b), who are of this nation is ar-

a) Against Demosthes p, 178. B. b) In Asia tab, I.

Wow

340 * . double Harduinus Gol- He gave Cyprus. It is now clear enough, nunios similar to those belonging to Miletus in Lonia, which

they teach the type of loon respecting the star-and monogram MI, Vnicam ur-

Colchis, of course, has a good number of numismatics

The Dioscuriade, of which I will continue. | DIOSCPHRIA S. Maritime

``Autonomous, Two caps of the Dioschus. X' AOZKOT-

2 Ls ren Meta, velpharus. AE. IT (Heim, e

to learn Arigon.) Pileus to the name of the city, and Dioscuro- cult, from which the city takes its name xit, they allude to the fact that these so was Mela's body, or if Ammia's faith 110 €y, and Pliny d, ab. Amphito and Tel- the city of Spartans, close to those known to Dios

*

-

U- Prologue4. What happened in | Campania and Crete

we saw, and shall see again in Lycia, such as the cities of one country or district

they would breathe not only in type, but in the whole nu-

manners, that from the cities of Pontus, and some bordering on Pephlagonia: many more clearly, and with much more definite counsel

fact: we see And; these in: type;

Bow

i

COLCI I,S.

the veneration of the dew But it was the Milesians Coléenia, and later called Sebastopol wrote Arrian *). According to Strabo Nem f), and Justinus £) after the campaign Árgonautica prefers this coast Rhe- and Amphistratus of the Dioscuri gae, whence the people called Heniochi, azri-

, gay To these Pontus Euxinvs from Dioscuri

who is part of the zodiac by the name of Gemini set up, it is governed by the testimony of Manilius b) : Euzitius the Scythians of Pontus sinuatus in the bow Sat Gemini worships you, Phoebe. -From which all the reasons we hold why the cities near the Euxine, especially Dio.

Dioscorora's helmets in

they will throw their swords. The reverse type is less con-

I can confidently judge that I de-

the authors differ in ending. Haymius goal - said Pellerinius of the lighthouse.

AE, 'RRÀ, T F S metal, volitional concord is so great,

and all these things thus to one Pontus, and characteristic of Paphlagonia, where this coin gifted with wit, though the epigraph vi- he did so, let us immediately pronounce Pon- ticum, and if by any chance a city inscribed with a god

by this name there is no geo-

graphs -> - will be remembered, let's not doubt ta- but from these very types to say Pontica, and veteribás- to determine the omission, Possa- `

d) L. VI. $. 5. h) L. IV. v. 455

o7 OY E XIT., ch. 8. €) L. 41 c. 3.

(d

e) Peripl. Bridge f) 50, 40 p.m. 458

PON the mouse in the "ennollis" case . push the ejector to release, not the same in others. It is for you. adding to their list of non- with many observations

» V. k *

Head of Pallas X Fir young galeatgs, ela nontungsam fastened on the helmet, dressed standing d. she stretched out her sword, and many a hook come, s. head cut off, lying pro podíous trunk, Aoc also in some winged, AE, 1. Lost in the gods, Cabirorum, Cormanorum Pontus, Amastrios, and Sinopes Paphlagonise

A youthful head covered with a curved helmet day 10. Pegasus was raised to feed with the right front foot. AE. He. In the woods I also lost Chabactorum.

Argument of the figures, which in the former in the place where I stood, I explained at length in the past *), of which it is the epitome; from everyone invincible causes argued, Perseus of Medusa was proposed among them assailant, but establish these causes and a winged helmet in some, swords

fashion, that is, the harp, and that se-

the river was discovered, even Medusa himself The body is arranged in some feathers, all of which argue for one of this murder The chin can be referred to, even excellently cem this done to be joined in the front part Pslledum, by whose counsel this Perseus

the venture is worth it, finally and in the heavens al-

three places, of which more below in Amiso I will illustrate, from the helmet and the conjunct Pegasus to recognize Perseus. They also brought sam; why is this the son of Danae with greater zeal

T V S. "s .. 541 was observed by the cities of Pontus, Gra- I lived: that is, with the authority of the writers

to stand, among whom Herodotus k), and Plato .J), credited to the Persians, a race to himself

and take the very name from the hero Per-

sco. But it is no less evident, the kings of Pontus from the Persians, and the most noble Achaemenid that the rum descended from the stock rather than the genealogy God also testifies, not only of Pontus, but also of the kings of Cappadocia (for they also agree that these arose from the Persians the old ones) in whose area the sun and the moon stars usually collude, handle too much

rum from the religion of the Persians, among whom utrugié I that star in great honor, and pj | He was in the place of these gods. It pleases me that

two Pontus and Paphlagonia, which To prepare for the kings of the bridge, not only This was done by the Persians, but also by the light of the sun. and the stars (for these also frequently the area of ​​numbers, which bridge cities through cussere, occupy) to bring in money, as In this way he became illustrious, as was the case with the kings of old having deduced the origin of their kings they would say

These things were duly and neatly verified. I had believed, nor from the con- I had doubted my sense, when suddenly with

I would see with surprise, my opinion a to the great man Pellerinius in his last

the work that Additions or collections give

Médailles inscribed, to be fiercely attacked "His novel has been established, but to a few readers would like to propose"). He said, this type in

Tividate was presented to his god Amastrios.

Peroussore Phereclis. or Agathocles

i) No. vet. p. 172.

k) L. ViL.c. 50

I) iu Alcibiades. I. p. 120 Ly

m) Pag. 54

Mr

~

a-——B— e pa

3:42 p.m

who for Antiochus II. Syriac king pro- He ruled all the conquests situated across the Tigris, and nearer the cruelty was exasperated bus, and privately Tiridates, that, his had tried chastity, therefore Amastria- we originally loved the Persians of the old country I will kill the Persians with this god Pherecles congratulations, because it has been carried out by the old to recover the kingdom of his fathers, It is quite evident that Pelleri wrote these when he was oppressed by old age the memory of the eye is also thrown Yam began to experience. So unconscionable

. All this is a prayer, and against the wishes of the Muses

waves, and rather see what is to be refuted, if it were not fear pay attention to tis his husband's authority. the first time I don't know why he was in the middle of the night

let him rather see his brother Arsaces

when history, which Phereolis ce- he reports, mentions in general, Arsa- with his younger brother and the conspirators did she commit the murder? But be lighter that. Qaod says, originally Amastrians The Persians rejoiced at the fact that Pherecles to receive the kingdom from the elders, that he took care to strike the witnesses of this fact, Twice he stumbled most grievously, for the first time the learned man did not reflect his mind, don't love that type of baby of the Syrian gods, but also of Amisi, of the Cabirs, Comans, Sinopes. Is it true and ha- fum citizens of Persian origin? Or not from this type of agreement is made public, to thin out the argument, which applies to all

n) No. pop. Part, IL. p. 1. -

of these, Amastrios, St

T V S

Does the bridge belong equally to the cities? Then by which agreement the Amastrians could conquer the Persians when he congratulated his own people on their recapture of the kingdom not by Pherecli's slaughter, but - Par- for they obtained the empire, but the Persians by doing so, it is not a service to liberty, but Have you just changed owners? Finally Pellerinius should have remembered that he himself knew best of all, in heaven The Greeks of his old age, who resembled him The gods have experienced the hammer, hardly called to have been historical evidence, or perhaps were admitted, that they were rather symbols voluta, nor so manifestly. goals I refrain from several other arguments, which whosoever willeth, let him go cl. Neumann, badly this doctrine of Pellerini was sewn -before- attacking clearly and firmly, »).

$ * *

A juvenile helmeted head. X Pharetra, AE. II, In the gods of Amasia, I lost, Cha of Bactria, of Gaziura, of Laodicea; Pimo- Sinopes :

I said: a youthful helmeted head, that others say that it is defined by Pallas. But in many the lines I have seen are not ambiguous men's minds, which would rather make Mars Additionally, in the name of Pimolisa, which said Pellerinius, that helmeted head to be really bearded, but it is confirmed by Greek cis Mars already bearded, now beardless fake | -

* NT * *

Aegis Pallas inserted the head of Medusa.

: * * E . J . : " . .

PON

10. Victory striding over shoulder palm branch AE. II. Lost in the woods,' Cabirum, Conianum, Laodicea, Amas strios, Sinopes

Jupiter's head 10 Eagle standing with lightning no AE. 1L H. In the gods of Ámasia, I lost Cabiror, Gaziüra, Amastrios, Sino- foot

A youthful head with a diadem, winged bus 10 Cornu troops between the two The hats of the Dioscuri. AE. TII. Love in the woods Yes, Amisi, Sinopes.

Cupid's head X Pharetfa ef the bow. AE. III. Lost in the gods and Sinopes,

Want to try these types of programs? work seems useless, and in me- ras fine conjecturas exitura, Satis be, in this list, give concord the Pontic rums, perhaps in trade advantage established, because of the eyes po- swiss

"Love."

Mediterranea on the Irin river, a famous city, and the country of our Strabo. Apparently Ama- that it owed its origin to the zone; for in nu-

Amo concord with the Nicomedeans

(Vail,

the sea is proposed for the worship of the Amazons. under Commodus.)

Autonomous

A juvenile helmeted head. £ AMAZ ZEIA Pharetra AE. III, (Mus, Caes.)

Jupiter's head £ AMAZZRIAZ. Eagle falmini insisting AE. III (Mus. Caes.)

Bearded head crowned. 10 AMAZ-

T VS 545.

ZEI. Cornucopiae among the Dioscuri pi-

lions AE, II. (VVilde.) i: All these were printed in Pontic currency

they are encountered, of which see what. soon

I said above in the outline. to the gods

Pontic,

4E. RR

Imporatorium

- They exist in greater numbers from Domitian as far as Msmaea. On the god "Claudius doubt, see below under Concord.

» Epigraph: LOVE. AMAC. love

AMACIAC, In the numo of the Trojan museum Cae- .

sarei AMACECZ)N, which is the truth of the city to a gentile familiar to Strabo himself; but in nu- I am in love with Commodus, (Pellerin Rec. IIT p. 308)

More illustrious types. a

Based on the guadrata, near constantly

. small tree The infrastructure is often imposed

then there is a temple 4, of columns, or pro this is the eagle, and also in the sky Commodus and Alexander the sun above rigis vectus, (Mus; Caes. Pellerin.)

I encountered this type in the Ámasean numis ex- I confess that I do not know the fold.

P * *

One or two river beds, Fau-

, Stinae jun: Commodi, (Vaill.)

When he is one, he marks Irin without doubt,

who passes by the city, when. two, al-: Hislys appears thrice, to whom Amasensi-.- a field stretched out as witness to Strabo himself.

not °).

|

°) L. XU, p. m. 840 i oJ

(

am

- y A T

E

bh | PON

Serapis seated with a basket on his head d. eztenia, s. a spear, for the feet of an animal iriceps, of Caracalla, (Vaill) : " og . Serapis jare in the Pontic ryo when it is clear that this deity from Pon- summoned to Egypt, yet ani- ill-equipped less correctly Cerberus di- said Vaillantius, as we shall say in the prolegome nis to the Alexandrian gods.

e. "+

Founder :

€PMHC. KTICAC THN IOAIN. An eagle with its beak clasping a crown with a trunk of ar- Boris insists, Severus. (Haym.)

The sound of the epigraph is: Mercury, guide he founded the city. But for the silent my- the theologians do not know what the cause was, why is this god feathered, as "Apollo and Neptune to Troy, so he to Amasea would diminish `

7 €

^ Names from Impp.

The name of Hadrian appears for the first time in of the god Commodus, and is constantly retained in the heavens of the following imperatorurg Sub Severo dicitnr Hadriana, Severiana, An- Toniniana, under Alexander: Hadrtane, Se- vertatna, Alexandrian

| * * n

Metropolis Bridge MHTPOIT. IMON TOT This title occurs for the first time in the numo of Trajan, (Arigon.) , and of Plotina,

T vs.

Jani with -simple AMACEON, (Mo, Caes.) is probably the metropolis of Arnasia tribute to the lions of Pontus by Trajan Vaillantius contends that this fact was done by Hadria- noP) forgetful of the god Plotinus, whom

he himself quotes Harduinus when in the forest of Avu-

read: MHT, IIPOT IIONT. argued that Amasia was the first of the Pontus Be tropolin 1), true. ro IIPQLT. to be reported not being able to MHT., they teach the god Sere. ri inscribed: MH NO. tip IL, in which bus metropolises and primacy titles from neq: They are separated from the city, the metropolises of the Pontus ie He wrote to her in neighboring Neocaesarea, and Thomas of Moesia, and was also of Amasia and Neo- I repeat the dignity of the metropolis of Caesarea confirmed by Justinian "). -

* f * €

First Bridge TI. T1, - TIP, IT. - IPQ. I GO. — IIP. IIONTOT — 'DPOT. IIONTOT These are met. In the numo Com- methods: TIP T. TION. namely: IIPor Tv TION". (Pellerin Rec. III. p. 208.) Bur- I am Voillantius, who con- the cession of Commodus to the primacy of Pontus he spoke to Norem *), when, however, Fau- jun. coin with this epithet for: mol wanders Harduinus M. Aurelius mum already with his honorable mention tat It appears, then, that this peak is from here

"He got up."

# * n.d

Neocoratus seems to have obtained the honor of

(Vaill.) when there is another deity Tra- M. Aurelius; for in the god "M. Aurelius

.. P) Num. Greek p. 207. q) Numi ill, sub, Amasia - 7) Novell. 28 tit, iv.

c. 2. s) Num. Greek p. 210

PO NT V S

which Harduinus reports, and in the order. no mention is made of his teeth. : He met but for the first time in the presence of Faustina jun. (Vaill) and in what follows. to all, No therefore it can be proved from God, neocorà- and a tribute to the city from Hadrian, which Vaillantius sanctioned t). &* id k >:

The agreement is mentioned in the god Clau» of the gods, if the goddess Harduino who betrayed him ZAPAIANQN, AMAZEHIASZ. But really or his reading: ZAPAIAN ON, MNA-

XZEAZ, as it is said in Sardinia, the heart when Nicomedia is in heaven Comfortable.

RE"

He diligently inscribed the epoch of his coinage. the Amasenses are usually prefixed with ET. or, ETOTC

BIP Trajan, (Mus. Caes.)

PNE PNH, Antoninus. (Haym, Pelle- rin. )

OZP. Fanstinae j jun. (Vail.)

PITO Faustinae jun, (Harduin ex mu- seo region, Num, ill under the masea, and Hist. Aug. p. 789.)

- Pious Comfortable. (Pellerin Rec. III, P. 208.)

Pq0, Commodore (Vaill)

CH. Severus, Domna, Caracalla, Getae. (Vaill. Mus. Caes.)

Co. Severus, Caracalla. (Mus. Caes. Vaill.)

CIT. Getae (Catal. d Eanerd

45

CKH. Alexander, (Mus. Caes. Pisani, Theopolis.)

CAA. the same (Vail.)

CMB Mamaea. (Vail.)

At the beginning of the Amazonian era the educated varied, divided among the 5 C. 743. 74^. 7146., on which see more at Belleyum"), Át pointed out Maz- zolenus, another from the year 5. C. 747 not being able X), Not being able to start this no later, indeed it proves less safe from the year CMB of Mamaea. Indeed, this admitting that Alexander's death was further delayed tur, than it can be based on logic, which indeed I hope to prove myself clearly in the mo- granddaughter of his emperor. Perhaps then we should read the CAA in this article. But ve- I have another money, which is the same duty stands, and that of sure faith, in- I understand the credit of Commodore since the year P19, 199. If you add this to 747., you will understand the coin should have been signed by autumn V. C. 945, on the last day of that year Commodus was slain, therefore the age of Ama- sense later in the year 5. C, 747. the beginning he could not lead. could not begin in fact, more quickly, he completes the most perfect deity Alexander, and the greatest form of mu-

of Caesarea when: in the year CKH., 228., who, .

if it is added to TAT, the year V will appear. C. 974, from whose anhi autumn until ad autumn 975. is supposed to have been signed mouse Now Alexander, who in this god of Augustus and title and ornaments He is decorated with them, in the month of March of the year.

t) Whether, Greek p. 217 II. p. 147 . JI. Tom.

ua) Mem. B. L. T. 30 p. 330

. *) Mouse. Pis Part.

Xr

leg. Manil.

340 | PON In 975, Julian defeated the empire of Elesgabalus

he wished Therefore, earlier this year The god could not be struck here, not so much

the epoch to be advanced into the preceding year, .

Indeed, Fau's citation of this law disturbs jun. numus with the year PITO, who 5. C, 935., when yet this Faustina already V. C, 938. di- he died. True or impe while Commodus's mother died they restored your memory, or a year from Hardoin, who had hitherto been alone he promulgated this coin, it is ill-read shot It remains, therefore, for the beginning of the age of Ama- the year 5. C. 747

Ger-

| Manicopolis, and Neoclaudiopolis Paphla-

the cities of Gonia, as will be proved in these, How the harmony of the air in the cities of Pontus when he saw Belleius, he threw Augustus this year 5. C. 747. from Bithynia, Paphla- gonia, and that they formed one part of the Pontus the province, which Strabo relates, though here he disguises the year, and here the cities establishing a new epoch piss ! AE, RR. -

AMISF St.

between the rivers Halyn and Irin the famous city of the Athenians and Milesians a colony of rum according to Strabo, and Arrianus Y), nor with the wealth of coins less clear

| Autonomous The head of a juvenile roofed galoa recurva men-

T V S

then including, £ AMIZOT, Pegasus pa- scenes with the right foot raised in front. AE. He. (Mus. Caes.)

A young winged bare head. 10 AMI- ZOT. Among Corsucopiae two Dioscuri rum caps AE. III, (Mus. Caes. VVilde, Pembroke Part. II. tab. 35.)

The youthful head of the former god is he- the kings of Perseus, we have learned abundantly in the Gomens to the Pontic gods. With him Pegasus is joined for a certain reason, Secun- while he was born to the doctrine of the mythologists from the flow of Medusa's blood, with his Perseus would bow his neck, this benefic

. that is, he had to rise *). Other than

she teaches these opposites, drachma of Mithridates VI. of the King's Bridge, in the reverse of which is Pegasus, in the same place

.Signed for loss, which makes one think it is not

indeed, the sole cause of Pegasus, but what here in exactly the same way as in the said Ami- if a god, and feeds, and the right leg at but it is also confirmed by the testimony of Cicero *), I have lost his king's residences, the like See below for both types in the numo Cha- of bacteria Is it the head of another god? Perseus, too, I am afraid of falling. trust VVildius is more toothy because of the attached wing He established Caleida Boreas F, from whom he says lost, but without betraying anyone by author b). From Amazon, she has it the deity of Concordia, it must be argued, was believed Amisenes, his city from the Amazon rich * is *

an—— ————— ÉD a ERREUR

y) Peripl. Him. b) Sel. whether p. 57..

x) Hesiod, Theog. v, 28o. Apollodorus L. IL c. 4. $. 2.

a) For i

-

P ON

Torn head of a woman. 10 FRIENDS Nocturnes within a crown. AE. YI. (Pellerin) Ivy-crowned head of Bacchus, 10 AMI-

ZOT., the mystical chest, on which Lyrsus leans,

across the area various monograms, AE. III. (Mus. Caes.)

You have in the sky, the night, because to di- ximus, founded by the Athenians at Amisus was carried

* on !

Head of Pallas X Perseus standing d, har- pam, s. the severed head of Medusa, a spear for lying on his feet, AE. I, (Hunter.)

Head of Jupiter 10 Eagle resting on thunderbolt. AE. I. (Mouse, Caes.) |

Youthful head helmeted, X Pharetra, AE. III. (Mus. Caes.) |

Aegis Pallas inserted -Medusa's head. X Fictoria striding over a palm branch he points out his shoulder. AE. II. (Mus. Caes.)

Cupid's winged protome. X Pharetra and

^ arc. AE. III. (Pellerin.)

They often settle in the area of these trees the stars of the sun and the moon, Pontica also sym-

bola, which, like the medals here.. you have described and explained in the prolegomena

to the bridge o* & 23 Of the silver coins inscribed IIEIPA- if you call here, see what you will learn.

in the gods of Sinope Paphlagonia, .': : :

T vs. s

FRIENDS Protome of Pallas. X: ETH FAIO IIAIIIPIOT KAPBANOX Rome helmeted seated d. Victoriola, a. shield, below: PX()MH. AE. II, (Pelle- rin. Suppl. II. p. 24.)

Another, but with the magistrate: `ENI., TAIOT. KAIKIAIOT. KOPNOTOT.^AB; II. (Vaill. in fam. Caecil) = s. jv

There are not a few gods of the city of Bith. nia, Paphlagonia, Pontus, qut € Pipl- they offer the river Carbon, who -eus 'praviá- At the end of the 7th century, the city! éóhilitao ruled, of which the 'class-dgam.iee- more pious in the prolegomena to the gods Hi- thynias The other one. Cv Caecilius 'Cor- mentions the nod.' And Veillantius: dptelK- Caecilius thinks that Cornutuns should be pre- torium, which under Tiberius was eocgsated to himself He himself succeeded in death. 3); And you looked at the cam here, if the magistrate so that drop by drop, let it be little by little, at an interval of about a hundred years to think, and more verisiatile.putó,. heart then around the same time as Papyri to have ruled the provinces d

from Saka Jl

; 4 a

a ul bd ^ EB 0) E TA xS 1 NES d

"B. pr, 2"t2hbz fd ] AU. Qst Ee Se C

near age; signed GC

, €T, CSH. Head Bacchus, E AMICOT EAGT, Chest of Bacchus. ot tAyrsus, AE. II "I will flee"; Fre £s uu “hail

FRIEND EAETOEPAC Protome Rgl-

ka

2 /' .*) dice X €TOTC, -- - River ten- 2 "A" Tous bens s. Urtac leaning AE, III. (Mus. Link to Rome still free: peo Oan): Dre a£59. I bought them

the following are held:

m——— ue P HUC gue meo A goie PE ini e

- n

Prior to the year of the epoch, of which in-

LE Aia = ——-—-— ns

9) He is silent. Ann. IV. 28

Yo AE (d 4l wy 10 times

-- Hes St

by him a`

U m g e a À 8 M an

:

348 PON

fra, falls under the control of Maximinus. De under the title of CA€TOEPAC

to you

AE. C.

"To the Emperor.

In the age of the first rulers Ami-

.seniors or not to sign any money, or

only antonyms, to lift the head Ha- Finally, Drianus, commanding his own currency imperialism from elegant drachmas look after, through the Greek cities sent, to strike a number of silver, But and here either a custom or a little privilege after Hadrian it expired under Antoninus the rest of his stay until Salo- not all copper.

C Epigraph: AMICOT. rarer: AMI-

COC., at AMIGHNQN. in the sky of the heart, of which soon, and sometimes less often,

Types: those who are in silver coins I will mention it below in the epoeha. Who are in they offer bronze, suitable for them.

-o x * s

€CAE€TOEPAC. free constant love

bat to add, so that Plipius the elder di-

he set Amisus free, and Plinius the younger

writing to Trajan d): .fmisonortm

a free and united state with the benefit of

"Your mercy uses its laws. De , with this argument. see more below in epo

cha

» * *

Concord is celebrated in two: AMI-

T V S

COC AMACTPIC Two stores

ies, in the shadow of Antoninus, (Veill) In high ro Maximini besides his usual friend. €AETOEPAC., €T. CZH, it is added: AMI.

GHON. MIAHCIQN. ``Standing at Serapiè,

who respects the Lost to his god's Æultu) e£ "Pollo sitting , who It belongs to Miletus by right. (Vail.)

* € *

The year of the epoch I lost all the gods, as long as they are intact, they display the prefix vo- Cabbage ETOTC Here is their list in advance of silver, otherwise and in time to the former ,

Silver? I left with the epoch

Paul Pallas standing d. Victoriola, s. cly bad, Hadriani (Mus. Caes.) n.

PZA (Capricorn with globe and horns the forces of Hadrian (Vail.)

PZE. Ceres standing, Hadrian. (Mus. You kill.)

PS, Mercury standing, Hadriani, Sabi nae, (Vaill. Mus. Caes.) i

"PEZ. A woman stretched out on a stane, holding a spear Hadriani, Sabinae, (Mus. Caes.)

.PSH. A woman standing d. bowl, 8, bowl, Sabine. (Vail.)

P3H. Ceres slane, Hadriani, (Mus. You kill.)

PZO Fenus gennfieza d. bee, Sa- two (Vail)

PZO..'.standing at degwitae, Caes of Aelii. (Vail.)

Pious Fortune standing, Anthony (Mus. You kill.)

4) L. X. ep- 93.

PON

I have lost the bronze since the epoch.

CME. Caracalla (Mus. Caes. Vaill. Liebe) `” B ^ CMH. Caracalla (Mus. Caes.)

CEO Diadumeniani, (Vaill.)

CZH. Maximini, (Veill. and in autono- above mentioned

The beginning of the Amisenean antiquary Almost all of them have been married since the age of 5. C. 721. They repeat the reasoning from Strabo, the words of which are: / given by D. Caesar (namely the defeat of Pharnace, so that in the year 5. C. 507. reports Dio) 4fnion to the kings subject; then it was vexed by Straton ty- ranno, freed again by Augustus after bicloriam Actiacum.: Cam therefore definitely Strabo was freed from Augustus he will pronounce twice, it was possible that he thought there also Vaillantius *); as Amisen himself "having previously delivered them from the violence of Straton rent adjdvante fors M. Antonio, and her Augustus would later confirm his independence. X. The era to be led from the year 5. C. 921 from the lands of Diadumeniani and L. Aelii con- they become educated. Annas CMO., that god Diadumeniani correctly verifies, not po- to begin sooner, as will be evident to the second hundred calculation But the argument is not exactly firm. chin taken from the god Aelius with the year PEO., could not begin the epoch later, that can only be true in the opinion of those who Aelius Kal For if you take the year as the beginning of an era

following 7222, the year PZÓ will begin in in the autumn of 5 C. 890, Aelius already Kalendis

T V S. 349

Jan. the same year he was taken from the living. But but when it is certain, Aelius is dead not Cal. Jan, 890., but '89:., to prove a mouse in the coinage of this Caesar, vi hujds On the ground it will be possible to postpone the beginning of the air in year 5, C. 722. , not refracted to this calculation I have lost the rest of the gods until now knowing, the day will teach more surely.

For this simple I lost the air triple cem used in various ages from the gods Abbot Mazzolenus attacked the gall one from the year 5. C. 707. witness. god Caracalla with the year CNE., whom he cites Holstenius 8), the other, which is the same with ours, from the year 5. C. 721i., the third from V. C. 723. commanding that god Aelius with the year PZE., which from the royal Gallo- Pagius popularized rum gaza. The man does nothing learned, when he is nearer to the truth, whether that coin badly read. As for Ca- As for the coin of Rachel, it is in the museum

Caesarius, a figure similar to that which he cites Holstein, type age of Victoria in bi-

gis, but in which the nose of CME is clear. ton CNE., Male igitür new era sta- we know from prone error or Holstéhbii the unconscionable reader, or typist M in N mutshtis. I acknowledge such a sin in the year PZE Aelius, for which no in doubt replace PZO, Elemedtuni O, yes, cir- the right side of the ass is easily eroded

'can provide the elenientí € specie; that Jan. 'V.'C. 896. "They slayed life done, ` He was bowed by a god, and truly a god here "which Pabius quotes from the royal gaza, Vail- Lantio, who shook her gently, 2

Hadrian? jàm: I also lost them at an age

^ €) Num. Greek p. 249. f) Mus. They weigh Part. II. O. 621. €) To Stephau. in ice.

PON

yet it was, but well known, the other Aelius since the year PZO. from the same museum, Taceus another absurdity, which from this triple age doctrine, and that already elsewhere I explained at length b),

«4H. and AE RR

4SIB 4.

Mediterranean in Ponto Cappadocia, which Ptolemy mentions.

550

of the emperor

Gordiani: ACIBAIQN., Jupiter sitting. (Vail, Harduin.)

AE, RRRR. CABIR 4. On the Cappadocian Pontus towards Armenia minor., 0

Autonomous

Head of Pallas X KABHPON. Perseus standing engaged in the slaughter of Medusa. AE. I. (Haym.)

Aegis Pallas inserted Medusa's api 10 KABHP (Victoria straddling the palm a branch over his shoulder. emphasizes ap JJ. (Pel- Jerin.)

Beardless helmeted head, 10 KABH- PN Eagle resting on thunderbolt, AE. bring . (Hunter.)

These are the types of the Pontic oinnes, whom I have explained I went into the prologues to the gods of Pontus, Spe- the given spellings differ from the written Ribus, Strabo, Plutarch, Appianus, who they call the city ra Kafea, as the Latins Ca- terrible 4E. RRR

b) No. vet. p. 166

3) L. XXL c.

T V S

CERASPVS Maritime in Pontus Polemoniaco, whence a tree famous for its apples

Lucullus brought the gift of Hygia as a witness Ammianus `).

of the emperor

KE € PACOTNTI ON. - - COA; Jupiter standing, Hadrian (Panel from le Bret Mem. Trev.)

KE€PACOTNTI4XN. €T H. Satyrus slans d, tedam, s. feet, M. Aurelius.

. (Vail)

This latter coin was falsely pro- Spauhemius faltered, when for the said the epigraph would read: KEPACOTIN, TIA- NO X).

Arrian in Periplo from Pharnacia, de which below, and Cerasunte, one of the same which he makes a city, when he says: 4aoec Pharsaa- The city was once called Cerasus. Cellarius had already contradicted this theory by using the witness Strabo is much different, and whether that by cutting off the town But Arrian they afflict even the gods who are present to him the contemporaries, who teach eloquently, are still worthless and the name of Cerasuntis, nor from the advent that Pharnacia had been excavated.

Do epochs mean a year? COA in the cited god of Hadrian, in- certain

4th year of the reign of Marcus Aurelius H. expressed 4E. RRRR.

CH4-0.A4CT A. One Strabo mentions Irin of this city

13. k) Caess, Julian. p. 45.

P O N situated between and Halyn, but rather than Yaßaxu

appeals, of course, by the term librarians lu- as the gods teach,

Autonomous

Bearded head helmeted. 10% XABAK- TON. Pharetra, in the area of the stars of the sun the moon AE. IL. (Haym, Pembroke.)

Aegis Pallas with the head of Medusa inserted. 10 XABAKT ON Victory marching with pride on the shoulder of a palm branch, in the area then the stars AE, II. (Haym. Hunter.)

A youthful head covered with a curved helmet including the chin. X XABAKT, /retro- grade) Pegasus feeding with raised right foot the anterior third, AE. He. (Pellerin Suppl. I. p. 32.)

Of the gods of the two former types For the bridge, see the prologue to the gods Bridge We have already seen the third very similar I have lost coins, so please explain It is so confirmed by these gods that Strabo reports that Chabacta was at Amiso yicina

AE. RR

€ O M 4 N 4.

Mediterranean in Pontus Galacticus to Irin Fl, where the most ancient and most holy The temple of Bellona stood, as Hir- yours!), and others. `

Autonomous:

Head of Pallas € KOMANQON. per- he was occupied with the slaughter of Modtssa. AE. 1 (Theopolis.)

€ T vs. 351

"Palladis did by inserting the head of Medusa. £ KOMANQ. Fictoria stepping up a palm branch over his shoulder. AE. DI. (Mus. Caes.)

Explain these elements of the Pontic argument we go into the prolegomena of Pontus.. Numi prio- It is clear that the rice had been worn away in the past from the words of the author, who cataloged Theu- he dressed up the policeman. But it was right restore the gods of the Pontic cities log AR, RR.

The name of the colony, and of the imperial Gracchus.

Col. 1 IVL. AVG. Happy COMANO

+

RVM A broken temple, a woman in a cave.

silent with a drawn mantle like Juno's Pro- of the clouds, in the presence of Caracalla. (Vaillant, Hardwin.)

There were three Comona in Asia Minor, one in Pontus, of which we are dealing here, al- a large land in Cappadocia, a third in Pisidia, to whom this deity should be given rightly doubted. Valiantius in these things of Pontus

Comana approaches, Harduinus on the other

of Cappadocia. Historians are of no help they say that those who sought the Comana were co- They failed to tell the story. True before everything must be investigated, to what it belongs Greek emperors, inscribed KOMA N€- HOW MUCH Here they are:

KONANEXAN. (eic.) Jupiter standing, M. Aurelii, (Vaill) Dioscuri standing, M. Au- relii, (Catal. d'Ennery p. 596.) Bacchus sians: Philippi, (Panel ex le Bret. Mem.

Trev.) i

1". Bell. Alex.

b. 9, ..

Ac ~- 6 l

352 | PON .€POKAICAPEQN. Komaneon.

ET, BOP. The temple in which the Ficteria is kept persisting, Severus. (Veil.)

I€POKAI. KOMANE(O), €T, BOP. The same type, Caracalla laureate bearded, (Pellerin Rec. III. p, 215.)

KOMANENN. month standing, Alexan- dr. (Vail.)

These gods were entrusted to the Comans of Pisidia Vaillantius gives it three times. In the numo Sereri

. agreement between Hierocaesarian Ly-

day and sees the Comanenses entering, and an- whether .BOP. to be of Hierocaesarea, whose the beginning would be led from the year 5. C. 749 certainly against this city of Lydia The benefits of Tiberius, to whom it was given to the earth I was shaken by the movement some years ago, as it really means that she was crushed by that evil Tacitus, recreated m). In the same sentence tia is Harduinus, except that the beginning of the era um fixat ad autumnum V. C. 775. Vtrius- what opinion about the beginning of the epoch ever tit the god of Caracalla; for if in the year Vail Lantii 779. the year of the god 172. is added, this Caracalla's coin had to be signed by in the autumn of 5. C. 950 it would be Caracalla, whose age he betrays this also in all the Roman gods in the year you but the said god Caracalla he stands liberally bearded. much less as is clear from what has been said, it can be valid in principle um epoch by Harduinus in the year 775. gate,

Cl. took a different path from these.

. Wise"), who Hierocaesarians of Lydia, and that pretension between these and Co-

T V S

maps of Pisidia (etc.) completely ex-

' he concludes, 'the Comanese, on the other hand, have the honor of the Pontus

cause he thinks the said Hierocaesarians, i.e. that this money should be given to Severus. Epo but cham to be led from V. C. 788. , or about the time Pythodorides died your Comana to reach the Romans. These things the one who threw it, and other arguments he abstains. | I was bolder first, and men con- as the shot was seen, the expense was constantly more on the other hand, the earlier antiquarian tia laughed, we have so many throughout Asia Norem Caesarea, Neocaesarea, Diocae- Sareas, Hierocaesareas, Sebastes, Seba- stopoles, Claudiopoles, Neoclaudiopo- les, Germanicopolis, whose ancient the names of the emperors father was, so that the same honors to ours also the Comana could easily be derived rit, and like other Caesarea due to the stability and with him the worship of Jupiter was called Dio- Caesarea, another of Pontus, so as to distinguish himself from other Cae- neocaesarea, so no

stra Comana called themselves Hierocaesarea

and put it on your hands, for a cultivated field, and more hospitable to the Comani It is sometimes called by Strabo or xoez, and Ts i£Qe96 because of the religion of the temple, and which appeared to the priest. It refers to the same Stra- I will, Cabira, these things also. bridge town while, by Pompey, called Diepolin. Therefore the god KABHPON should stand out to him. AIOII AITON. Cabira and Diopolis are different cities. and the agreement of both to be noted in it,

m) No. Greek p. 273. ») Mus. Bodl. p. 205.

BRIDGE V S&

Moreover, it is not necessary to mention cities are often rejected by their appeal grind forward advent constantly no- use mine, as was done by the Caesarians of Cappadocia, or the cast off to have looked at the old one, the example of which bent Mantinea, Edessa of Macedonia, and Ancyra, or old joined with ad- the airing of the term of honor, of which, that They are known, Vt. is reluctant to bring examples

agreement between the two cities

if we think so, there is no sure reason give, and the former antiquarians were too much

often liberals in it from the gods

give, of whom I am a presumptive judge Pellerinius glanced at them, and they remained ad- here, which need a censor. Of course in these of whom we speak, the voice of God is absent OMONOIA, and when in heaven days of the two cities in which it takes place mention, usually expressed as ty- pus, in these it is only simple. I know evidenced by the absence of both criteria that it cannot be argued thrice, not noted in these harmony with the gods, but when both is absent, they are also absent from certain agreements characters, and we are not forced to pro- when we have another more suitable explained By the same counsel Vaillantius epigraph I€POIIO KACTABA. no He took from two different cities, but from Castabalis of the sun, which Hieropolis which name he had thrown ^). acce- He says, in short, that the cities of Lydia are rare the gods of the great epoch, when, however, these frequent currency of the Pontic cities

353 is written Qoare even this mine, and Cl. I don't think Wise's opinion is worth it confirmed by arguments, to vet the matter I will think of the others immediately moved, I think it is more true than this, and giving these gods to the Coman Bridge gift

At the beginning of the epoch to complain llud, which dictated Vail- Lantius and Harduinus, I have already refuted. Eru- the year 5. C. 788 was decided by dito Wise. We have 151 years V. C. 959. in the autumn of which he began an nus of the Comans 171. But your Caracalla about the year 18 he was acting with whom a beard more liberal with age than a bow offers, cannot be reconciled, this Ca- racalla first hangs, when trib. can state 12 to count, to check this cta richer museums dunt, she met him V. C, 962., therefore the year of the Comanes, 1723, to the previous V. C. cannot answer in the year; nor re- he can vouch for the other, who slt the latter in the year 964, for this year in the month of Feb. Severus died in the river, in whose also the god is read in the same āsnnus 172, Therefore the beginning of the epoch must be taken from in the autumn of V. C. 591, or 792., who re- they vouch for the years of Christ 38. 39. It matters Dio, Caligula Polemoni Polemoni P. the paternal empire, namely Pontus, ex S. C. tribuisse V. C. 791 P). Perhaps then some of the benefits in Comane- self flowed, because the epoch to be instituted sam was enough, and even then it could be done,

o) No. Greek p. 124 (Fol. 11.)

P) L. LIX. $. 12.

. Yy

354 PON

as an honorary title of Hierocaesarea they would take it together.

Or also the other two gods mentioned above The Greeks belong to these Comanes, diffi- quick question This seems to suggest that pas in the god of Alexander, who proposes the god of the month, when Strabo testifies this god among the first of the Comaneans worship, but the honors of his right hand through

the whole of Asia Minor, especially

to protect I have less, that of God KONANEAN I will determine whether they are to be given to these our Comans, or to refer to our well of Pisidia, which the notices call Kovan

Finally, as to the colonies mentioned above let me return to the gods, if the gods of the Greek Severus

Caracalla and Alexander are really ho- .

a branch of the Pontus Comans, here a colony for them a deity is hardly appropriate, for what a city it is It was established as a colony in the name of Caracalla, did not conceal his mention in the nu- Alexander, therefore called to see there is this god to another Comana or Pisi- days or of Cappadocia, it is from all It is quite clear from these that the currency of the Comans under the emperors it was more abundantly marked still require light.

AE, BBR.

GA4ZI FR A.

Mediterranea to Irin river, but deserted in the age of Strabo.

Autonomous,

Jupiter's head X TAZIOTPON Eagle standing with lightning, AE. I. (Pellerin.)

T V S

A juvenile helmeted head. X Y'AZIOT PON. Pharetra AE. II. (Haym. Theu- poles.)

See the Pontic prolegomena about these types. 4E, BRR.

Laodice 4.

None of the ancient Laodicea He remembers Pontica, Verum with the gods, We'll read it soon, let the types drink must have been peculiar to Pontus I enter a certain town so called, to which to the gods they owe, yet it is testified by Pel- Lerinius, in the Turkish geography MS, me- to dwell in the city of Ladik between Amasia and Osmandgik.

Autonomous

Aegis Pallas with the head of Medusa inserted. X AAOAIKEAQN, Fictoria gradiens pal- he carries a branch of a tree trunk on his shoulder. AE, IL (Hay m.)

A juvenile helmeted head. X AAOAI- KES} — Pharetra, AE, IH. (Pellerin.)

„AE. RRBR.

Lifiopolis

He hardly remembered this dark - A Pontius town from the autonomous region of Árigonia: AHY. type cluster, if I had not seen it, that by Froeli- 34) The epigraph is undoubtedly a medical hand

. demands that many others be made by the work of Árigonius.

MACROCEPHALI.

Of these only Pliny mentions, whom in

2000

q) Not. elem.

P ON Themiscyra Irin between and Thermodontus places However, Goltsius was independent of these gives: the head of Neptune. 10 MAKPO, or MAKPOKEQAA. A cow's head inside a wash ream., but these are to be referred to Corcyra, in I taught this to the gods.

Neocaesare A.

Mediterranea ad Lycom Fl., the city of Pon- to the most noble witness of Polemonia no A catalog of all his numbers

gave cl. Sestine 7).

4A autonomous

Laureate head of Hercules, at shoulders club, it's a KO area. X NCOBAIGAPEI: A.C. inira laurel AE. II.

This money from Cl. James Biancano I once shared a message from Bologna vulgari *). During the year of the epoch, in which I will soon inquire, it was signed V. C. 844, im- during the reign of Domitian. | AGE, RRRR,

He commanded.

. They existed from Tiberius to Gallienus.

Epigraph: NEOKAIZAPEIZ, in nu- mo Tiberius (Vaill, Theup) N€OKAI- CAPEQN, Celigalse, Domitiani, Fau- jun. (Pellerin.) NEOKAICAPIAC, Valeriani, Gallieni. (Pellerin, Arigoni) In others. NEOK. NEOKAIC

^ of the types encountered, usually temple 4. co- hymns See each other soon in the Metropolis.

"E"

r) Letter P. IIL p. 5.

s) No. vet. p. 167

T V S

They testify that the metropolis was famous for its honor of the god, who was brought to the city by Nero V. C. 815. Vaillantius thinks that Pontus Polemoniacus went from him to the province reduced, he begins to flaunt this honour deity M, Aurelius, (Vaill. nor is it dein- stock is omitted, inscribed MHT. MHTPO But in the name of Alexander: MHT. IION- TOT (Veill.) To this metropolis di- the ability to play a single type ris, who is in the god of Severus at Hay- mium: Six women (standing the middle of which he holds the helm, it is probable that as many of the illu- the greater cities of the metropolis of Neocaesarea thrown You will see a similar example below in the nu- the Laodicean colony of Syria and Damascus

Neocoratus in the single god Valerian. AIC, NEC. (Letter of Sestine P, II. p, 10.)

.*

455

Common often "wrote from M. Aurelius, as usual KOINON. In the forest Gee - tae: KOINo IlIOrrs t), where we are taught, to- that they were established here under the name of Tius Pontus play |

from $8 Hadrian wrote himself in Fau- jun. AAPIANQN. N€OKE€CA-- P€(ON. (sic.) (Pellerin.) and in another Ge- tae (Mouse, Cat.)

» + *.

The city officials are respected in the two gods of Caligula, in which

9 Pellerin. honey I. p. 165. - yes

IP. Jd

356 PON obverse: AIPIIIITINAN, typo Agrippi

: mother's mother sitting,

of: APTEMQONOC, or; €PMOLG. NOTC. (Pellerin Mel. II.)

e * *

The epochs of the year are usually written before fixed €T Here is their list:

KO, in the autonomous above mentioned.

QH M, Aurelius, (Vaill.)

PMB. Getae (Vaill.) Severus, (Sestini.) Caracalla (I stopped.)

PMR Severus (Mus. M. Ducis, com. Vitzai, Haym.) Caesar's Getae. (Haym.)

PMH., Ladies. (Vaill. Theup.) Getae Caesar, (Sestini.)

PZ Alexander (Valant, Num. Grec. in iconism.)

PZB. Alexander, (V4ill.)

POH. the Gordians (Panel. no. Trebon, p. 18.)

PHB. Valeriani (Pellerin.)

" P4O. Gallieni. (Arigoni.)

Before I begin to settle the epoch, to be expedited, whatever value it may have nus PNR, which thus drawn up appears right the gods of Severus and Getae. Haymius him for PMB has v", 'But for me the element then R has the value of episemi, or ç it seems that the sena made in this way Let us look at the situation in the cities of Syria. But what I have said, they prove much more certainly the syn- the dragon of Caesarea Cappadocia mae, two of which with the head of Severus and in the clear €T, R. has a museum Cae- sareum, which is so well known from the book of Haymius he will tell Severus the year D., which is

T V S

probably, because it is forbidden, Cap- padocium noanisi adult in the year 2 Severus near the home of his years cal. cultus vito Pescennius into the parts of Severus therefore, probably, the same noted in the synchronous Neocaesarege numo the senators also have power. with stands, you were the Greek episemon of forms tolerant of all, but of almost no one's letters a less varied form than rs B. Le- PMR should be carried out. 146.

The beginning of the Neocaesarien era ad year Y. C. 815, Vaillantius fixed, that Harduinus opposes the judgment as a matter of law the god of Aurelius Aug. with the year JH., who added to 815. began in the autumn of V. C. 913. going out in the autumn of the year se-

hot Aurelius only V. C, 914. -

after his death he was called Pius Augustus. But Harduinus, who killed Scylla of Vaillant He had stopped, but Charybdin found his own, When he established the beginning of the era in the year 817, He himself recited the Numus Sever) with the year PMH., who from the law of calculus begins in au- tumno V. C. 964. But Severus already in the month He died on the same day in February of the same year, At The year 5. C. 816 is free from these inconveniences. with which began the era of the suffragettes of the gods I decide, they could not have started sooner, ex we soon saw the god of Aurelius, not later, Severus' quotation would indeed prove correct. mouse with the year PMH., for it was signed from autumn V, C.. 963. in no sequence I run away from the autumn, because here The reporter died last February. For there is this coin, which from the museum Vaillantius quotes Medici, I saw myself, who

—————————————————»»»»»»—29———w———————————

u) Tom. 11. p. m. 315

PO No

yet not PMH., that he had attended but he offers the usual PMR inscription, His yet the god of Geta still supplies his turn Caesar's with the same year, or, as it were, a little I explained above, 146., which if added to 816., will teach a coin signed by the no V, C. 961. , in which year the Geta Au- He took away the title of his taste, so that he was abundantly in it manners will be taught.

Vaillntio judge, who epoch from in the year V. C. 8:15, he began, his institution The cause of the day was that this year in Polemo II. A bridge called Polemoniascus by himself He yielded to Nero. We will prove below in the mo- daughter of the kings of Pontus from the god of its king with the year Kô., him still from the autumn V. C, 814. He presided over Pontus. Therefore before year 615. Pontus in Roman power it could not be with the state, and after consulting mis, who began the epoch in the year 816 they establish, it is likely that this will finally happen in the year Pontus came to the Romans, in which done, so as not to earn these Neocaesarians only, but also neighboring Tra- Pezuntii and Zclita from this time they would lead a new cham, - AE. RR

PHARNICIA. - `

Maritima, founded from ancient Cotyorus according to Strabo

| 4 utonomtus Head of Jesus X DAPNAKEQN. I will: stepping AE. II, ur) p) BRR.

T V S. 351 PHINEVF M.

By one Stephen by the way rexog rov ILorvre it is said Ignoring that which Goltzius in He proposes a treasure, he presents us with another Arigonius inscribed «DINE. trip type push, which Froelichius lists in the list of cities His elementary knowledge of this Stephen

He gives it to Phineus, but perhaps he fails to Arigonius

the lesson is too often overlooked. PIMOLIS 4.

of this town, being in the field. Pimolysene Strabo mentions, and from him Stephen.

Autonomous

A bearded helmeted head. X. MIMQ- AIZ - - Pharetra AE. 11. (Pellerin.) Head? a juvenile helmet. X TIMÁLAI

. £ QN. Pharetra AE. Hf, (Pembrock P. Il.

tab. 31.)

It is self-evident that in the second reading this god while IIIM(LAIXZXYN confirming this a reading also similar to that of Hunterian. De For these types of Pontius, see the prologues to Bridge 4E. RRR.

SEBASTOPOLIS..

Mediterranean, mentioned by Ptolemy and Pliny, and marble, which recites Corsi-

nus x): ZEBAZ TOIIOAEIT ON. TON. EN THE MOUNTAIN; -

| 4Autonomous: Head of Bacchus ivy fedimetus 10 CE

z) Dissert. ago, p. 32

Ia e e E a Le m Loa) e alee p | mm map r t - T those

PAA ma mot A * nM m EA jonx

gg! no

558 | P ON

BACTOIIOAECITN Cista, ez gua pro- he looks at the snake. AE, HI. (Pellerin.) AE. BRRR.

to the emperor Two have been found with the same epigraph: Diana Ephesia, Antoninus, (Arigoni.) Juno Pronuóa, Lady. (Rec Pellerin, IIl. p. 256.)

At one time Pellerinius thought,

to be attributed to Myrhina Aeolis,

. which according to Pliny called Sedastapolis

tur.J), but the same later in the same this Pontius Sebastopol agreed x). AE. RRRR

S M .4 E T 4.

Harduinus issued a coin for the lady ZMAITOQN, ET. PMB. type 'temple' From some indications a coin to some He rightly thought that it belonged to the city of Pontus, although no one remembers the Smaeta of the geographers spins But unquestionable: it seems that reason not of the type, but of the epoch, the numism of Zeal that it belongs to the same Pontus, and for the truth ZHAIT4YN bed ZMAITQON. No examples are missing, M for H, and À for A to be picked up If in doubt, compare the gods of Ze- Lae Ponti

TRAPEZPFS.

Maritime towards Colchis, our city lis, the colony of Sinopensium, according to the testimony of Xenophon te *), and Diodorus Siculus, who already Colchis implants 5). E

-

T V S

Autonomous No one saw them except Goltz.

To the emperor.

Froelichius *) was the first of these three then to add his men, Theupolius, and Pel- so far from Trajan until they proceed to Gordian

Consisting of the epigraph: TPAIIEZOTN- TIQN, >

En the gods of this city polish : , €T I. the name of the city within a laurel, Tra- Jani (Theupol.)

EAP The month of Egueë in the midst of it and the horse in the body, Severus (Mus. Caes.) In another simi- li, but of Caracalla, is prefixed to €TOTC. (Mus. prince Waldeck.)

OAP Serapis sans, Caracalla. (Mus. Caes.) `

€T PNE, the horse of the month, juxla ara, Elagabali, (Pellerin hec. III, p. 204.)

TP the same type, Alexander, (Pellerin

ibid.) — Fortune standing, Gordiani. (Mus. Caes.) e

The beginning of the epoch was already Froelichius ad fixed the year 5. C, 8:6, with which om- that the years written by these gods may be composed they can, we hold from the year of Elagabalus, cannot be the beginning of the epoch im ante It was then that some year should fall The trapezes of the same epoch. beginning that of the Neocaesarians and the Zelites, and those there is no doubt that the case of establishing

nc UM DDCELAb n —————»—-— RR—————CORRKK

Tent, i

Le 3) Suppl. I. p. 50. a) Exped, Cyrus. b) L. XIV. c. 30. e) IV.

PON

93, which see above in the numis Neocae- areas

e d €

The years of the empire under the previous impe- that they were inserted into the air, proves the citation your face is Trajan's.

j » $ rd

From the mind of Froelichius the god Commodus and Severus, inscribed TPAIIEZOTIIOA€ QC,

whom Vaillantius of Trapezopolis of Caria tri-

it was, they are to be recalled here too, when which also feels Pellerinius d), Verum inju- to be a robbery of the bank, in this Cariae I will teach in the city.

AE. RRR.

Tripoli

A castle and a dark place by the sea to whom some distinguished gods of Trajan lar- it is Pellerinius *), but whom more likely to be Tripolis of Caria, in the state of this god we will protect

Z EL A4.

Mediterranean towards Armenia, Tria- the defeat of Rius, and the defeat of F. Caesar of Pharnace a famous road

of the Empire.

In the town a few with the head of the Lady, and |

Caracalla, and they are apad of the Vaillants, and in the Caesarian museum.

Epigraph: ZHAIT(N, TOT. IIONT. in the most perfect god of Caracalla. (Mouse, Caes.) But Vailantius in 'binis Donnae

T5 S. $59 reads: KOINON ZHAIT4QN. (Num. Greek p. 2372.)

Types: Temple 6. Columns - Jupe

father sitting : $ *

The year of the epoch is written for all these. be prefixed with ET. How varied and ionic Vaillantius was standing, and how. insig- hard to define this sinful age rit, Pellerinius had already observed f), and

himself to a similar statue in Caesarea's museum

I verified 8). Both in Domnae and <

The god of Caracalla is: €T. PMB., who so from the year 5. C. 405., that is, in the year of the victory of J. Cæsar, cannot be deduced, as . Vaillantius thought. Neither can test year 706. Froelichii b), nor 798, Herduini, both of whom were unconsulted He was deceived by Vaillant's advertisement. It is therefore there is no doubt. the beginning of an epoch year 5. C. 816. after the example of Neocaesarea, and "Trapezuntis," adding a year PMB, or 142., who is in these gods,

the year 5. C. 957 comes out, in which peradole-^

Caracalla was still riding, like him the very god of the Caesarean museum stands, Cau- sam probable set up for this an- whether the epoch see above in the Neo- caesarean section H * $ '

Apart from these, no one has hitherto known Zela the mouse was published. Whom with his head Tra- Haymius offered Janus, and he himself died of the preface to Volume II. belong to Smyr for he taught . 4E. RRR.

€— PAONTA

d) honey II, p. 112 and 150. - e) Rec. III, p. 206. f) Mel. IE p. 320. &£) Catal. Mouse You kill P. L Pe 139, h) IV. Tent. Pe 254. i) T. II. P» m. 266

560

KING CIMMERI BRIDGE AND BOSPOR.

He fished the princes of both kingdoms together join, because the greater part of the bridge of the Pontus whose gods we have, the Bosperus together He held, and what is probable, the same the years of the era inscribed on both of their heads so to speak And the nobles of the gods of both kingdoms were born there are narrators whose lucubrations in the order in which they appear, please com- to remember disguised as older ones, whose efforts were not equally happy tus, since they lacked resources, which to approach later, learned from Boze the anus

1225. famous about the kings of the Bosphorus.

until Mithridates VI. Bridge theme Pora published a dissertation, which exists in the Memoirs of the Inscriptions, Volume VI. p. 649. In the same year he appeared in Paris the posthumous work of Vaillantius, inscribed it will be: the empire of the Chaemenids, or

of the kings of Pontus, Bosporus, and Bithynia

history adapted to the credit of the coins. Most of the Vaillants are more hasty, and less dxeifee written, so is this work he sins so much more frequently that the author He was in need of the benefit of the lime by the death prevented. The next ed to explain the kings of Bospo Father Stephanus approached the gods of the kidneys Souciet S. I. published a remarkable commentary, whose title: - Hisfeira chronologically des Rais du Bosphore Cimmerien, who in- His works are included in Tomo IH. type

rich Cary, already among the kings of Thrace moved with praise, whose per- we have an elegant work: Histoire de Rois de Trace, and de ceux du Bosphore Cimme- rien éclaircie par les Médailles, à Paris 1752. in the 4th, the same year he came out The remarkable wealth of Vienna: the ancient Hegum don't let the rare anecdotes auf il- surveyed Fran prefers the author the Count of Khevenhüller, but ma- did he marry P. Erasmus Froelich, as of om- The same is true of the kings of the gods, so of the Ponticians and the Bosporans in this commentary pre- clearly deserved, as will be clear from our following. the same three years after the Bosporan gods while he preferred the known, and observed the new he illustrated in his work: dd smsmsmis- Anecdotes of the mats of the kings of the sails, or more rare new addition Therefore, by the signs of so many the efforts of men nothing else remains, as for the utmost brevity of my institution I will present their heads, inserted everywhere gods, who were later discovered.

The Bosporan epoch, of which we shall speak.

after the products all the gods, now ec-

Awrrixog we fix to the year 5. C. 457. an- you Christ 297

CIMMERIIL, KING OF THE BOSPOR

The kingdom was called Cimmerius from the city ancient Cimmerian, once placed in peninsula, Pontus and the Maeotis marsh

given in Paris 1736, in 4to. succeeded the eruption k), which to this day is old no- LR AEY MEM MEE xdi

k) Strabo L. XI. p. m. 156

Li

THE KING OF THE BRIDGE AND THE BOSPHORUS. 361

a man in the Crimea gets crooked, Dictum Bosporus from the strait of the same name, ho- on the day of Caffa, that of Pontus: with the Maeotis unites, and the kingdom itself into two parts tes cuts, one of which is European, and is the peninsula itself, the head of which is Pantica- Paeus, the other Asiatic, whose head Pha- nagoria ode from the third city founded century that the Bosphorus had its own kings it is evident that they lasted even down to the ages Constantine M., openly teach the gods, where- as far as none of the other gods of the ancient kings be extended, if by chance the gods of the kings of Per- the demes of the Sassanids, but whose cer- that age cannot be fixed, with the known chronolo- let them be disappointed.

These are the gods of the Bosporan kings

1, that of an epoch, or of a king.

Most of them write their years, IL, which often on the other side of the emperor R, a portrait stand, which in the first two Boma impe- ranting centuries, when the arts were not yet to be completely collapsed, quite comfortably is distinguished, but afterwards hardly distinguished it is possible, unless you have the supplies of the yearly epoch came, for the names of the emperors were written down they are not, III. that their gods have a mouse of gold, silver, and bronze, and gold indeed in great number, and exhausted kind, which the ancients called enamel namely mixed with a portion of silver, of which we did it elsewhere. .

The Archaeans made the first line of kings the heart does not allow to doubt that it was certain -

Diodorus Siculus teaches, which began in V. C. 267 and ended in 3og9. The second, which succeeded, was the head of Spar- tacus 1. This after some of that nation princes, whom see spud Ci. Bozium received

(Fol. y

PAERISADES I. king of the Bosporus. Because of the excellent in the remp. merits a after his death as a witness to the worship of God Strabo He reigned from V, C. 405. us-

that 443. See Bozius.

No nose King's head crowned. £ BAZIAE

QZ. IIAIPIEAAOT, Pallas sat d.

Fictoriola, e. leaning on the shield, inside the cell lae supports the monogram IIANT., at the bottom trident Av. (Boze ex mus. reg. Gall.) I saw someone else like you in Vienna. the stature of Froelichius (Not. elem. p. 154.) In this excellent god, the opposite side it is so similar to the opposite part that it is in the gods of Lysimachus, king of Thrace, as except the inscribed name of the Bosporan king reader, let him not be afraid of falling You would say mum Thrace, indeed no it just conspires with metal and type the prince of Pallas, but also the manner of script, tridem, and monogram the same station in this god also occupying [In the gods of Lysimachus the same instead, we observe various letters, ple- and also BT, KAA, 1X. TO., to whom We have said that the Byzantines are likely to be indicated. Chalcedon, the Istres, and Topir, to which in the towns these would be numismatists. From the same

- then read ro IIANT. of the demigod, of whom we are talking.

a mouse, will tell Panicapaeus, which was Bosphorus is the main city of Europe. Pl. na baec with the coin of Lysimachus con-

some reason why the Bosporan king

his coin with the coin of the neighboring king:

so exactly would it form, it is true

also, the last Xf. The years of Pareisades

to fall into the tem pora of Lysimachus. concern Z

301 THE KING OF THE BRIDGE AND THE BOSPHORUS.

tus gives this number to Paerisad IIl, but with arguments which you easily refuted!). Yet, strangely enough, Froe follows him lickbius Cimilium istnd verse of the name verifies the reading, when from the author bus variously exaretur, II«evoudnçs, Fae Busns, ILeeicadyg, Begioaóqg. See Bo- zoom™),

AV, RRRR.

". * e

Paerisades successors of the nearest name known only as sung, of the rest afterwards the names themselves unknown. All of these, as and of those who preceded Paerisade We have no gods, although some of them the hope of finding it is not to be thrown away at random, if it is true, what Polyaenus reports a

. Bosius quoted »), Leucon of Paerisades

father by fraud of old money changed the world, after these kings mus Paerisades III, the kingdom of the Bosphorus Mi- To Bridati VI, the king of Pontus was there for a little while it will be said in this

KING OF THE BRIDGE

, the Kingdom of Pontus from Pontus Eoxinus Men drew, and was a portion of Asia Minor zis Colchis, Cappadocia, Pephlago aia, intercepted by the Euxiao sea, His pri- Artabazes was the mouse king It is thought by some to have originated in Egypt from Persia. vadus, certainly from stock. Achaemenid rum, from which the kings of Persia themselves came according to Herodotus ^). For indeed it is adhak et those who separated themselves from Mithridates: 6. To bathe

they go to lead the race, Achaemen- as will be said below in Mithridates, king of the Bosporus. Com Da- rius Hystaspis the Persian kingdom in e had divided the traps, Artabazen Pontus pras- he did, from whom the succeeding kings gave xere, of whom those who closely followed they are, since they lack knowledge, by the way Mere, 'He who wants more, let him go to Reiper Reverence, and the history of Vaillantius SM children

ABTABAZEN kingdom. more sec- perhaps you are Rhodobates, this f lius Mithridates I., who with Cyrus minor coptra : Artaxerxes Mnemonen he conspired, and the image of Plato in the ace He decided to put it in half, of which exactly various things & Heigeccio quoted. - That's right the son of ARIOBABZANES J. is still alive I live in the satrapy of Lydia, Lonia, and Phrygia sb Artsxerxe gave himself to Maemon quits

MITHRIDATES 1l. rez Ponti

Aviobarzeois F, Beguavit per Alesa- dri M, the Persian wars, after whose death He was driven by Antigonus, he knew to my Kraru, you will go away, as the others did to his son give

Number:

Diademed head of the king, X BA2ZIAE- QF, MIGSPAAATOT Juppiter and the same d, Fiotloriodam, 2. hastes, im aroa atro of the sun and of the moon ÀB. I, (Pelleria Mel L p. 204.)

100 KILLED by US 1) L e p. 6, m)l e p 552 1) pag. 56& - 9) L, VII e. £f.

THE KING OF THE BRIDGE AND THE BOSPHORUS.

Fota, the most excellent hujes, turned away from the gods

taken from the well-known coin of Alexander M

silver, that very thing also from high places It is observed by kings, who are in great His king's name is enumerated, Pellerinius Mithridates Hl could have given him, Don't fight back. because here through the kingdom of Alexander himself, and He reigned somewhat later, which star was familiar to the Pontic kings male next

It is found written in the forest forever MIOPAAATHZ, not MIOPIAATHZ, and that Greek writing also marble ra confirm, with this right, he took him from the most ancient mitra of the Indians, which signifies the sun and friend, from which Per- sae, and the Greeks inserted aspirates: they did - Mithra P). Therefore, the authors are right to be picked There were not a few Greeks who Mi9eid«rq» him they call the changed wrong A, inl. No also, as Spanhemius repeatedly observes 4), Latin authors, in whose language often From proper nouns in I-gone, So drawn from Axeayag, Ka«ra»w4, Macoaha are Agrigento, Catina, Marseilles, Ad- do, said the Greeks Maccayc02, that and Appianus Maccaracca, and the Latins Massinissa, l | AR. RRRR. ,

MITHRIDATES HI. to some Kriçnç as we said in the book of father Mithridates II Here Cappadocia, and Paphlagonia he submits to himself. It is followed by others. whom Mithridates IV. father-in-law Antio Chi M., whom the son excommunicates

Mithridates II of Malaya

- the court is believed

363

PHARNACES I. king of Pontus Sinopen V. C. 572. conquers, and reigns He tried to sit down. Many throughout Asia it disturbs the matter. He dies at the end of the 6th century. founded city Besides Mithridates V. had Laodicean married to Achaeus of Asia you know the tyrant

Numi.

The king's head was crowned with a modest beard then X BAŽZIAEQ Z. «DAPNAKOT. Pir wearing curlicues standing with a cup and a pedi winged bus d. let down the cluster of panthers he extends to a bystander, s. caduceus and cornucopia pious, the summit is threatened by lightning, iñ area the stars of the sun and the moon, thence IIÈ. Av. m. m. (Mus. M. Ducis) AR. m, m. (Pembroke,

'YVilde.)

Aureum from the monuments of M. Ducis after others I once published a sweet, wonderful part of the aver- sae figure for the sake of various attributes I said Pantheon, Mercury, Bacchus, Jupiter, Abundance complex t). Vaillantius Bacchus, Froelichius Mer- Learned le Blond ad- affirms that it is the image of the god of the Moon, who as a witness of Strabo at the city of Cabira Pontus He had a temple in the name of Pharnacus, but he abstains from the arguments which the opinion make this probable *). Of course the god of the month had to be proved to all that was also the purpose of worship, but this is too different from that which in the various cities of Asia Minor is proposed. e

The stars of the sun and the moon must also be observed.

p nnn CI ccce en

P) Paullin's System of Brahman. p. f. $5) Description des pierre heavy T. I. p. 82.

qd) EF. 50 p. 125. r) Num. vet. p. 168

Zzas

364

which in these gods, and especially Mi-

thridatis VI nephew, and the city of Pontus and also to some of the kings of Cappadocia they are met. I have said before, that it should be indicated a religion derived from the Persians, from which for the blood of the Pontus were kings t), for (according to Herodotus) the Persians sacrifice to the Sun and of the moon, Belleyus indi- dear to the worship of Mount Pharnacus by the Persians X) they would be learned, and both of these stars thus was considered the property of the Pontic kings, as the Athenians, with the gods of Mithridates 6. they would strike with a name, but not to set it up neglect,

Av. AR. RBRR

MITHRIDATES V. EFERGETES king of Pontus

Pharnacis I, son Romans with ob- would study to preserve them, aid them in the war of Pani- co. III. and against Aristonicus, who He bore himself the heir of such a Pergamene. He sent, which was done, as an associate and a friend It would be called P.R. He died by his own fraud about the year YV, C. 630

No nose

I took the king's diadem, X BAZIAE- NZ MYOPAATOT ETPLIETOT A bearded figure standing with a prominent head lo, clothed in the mantle of divinity, d. eagle s. transversal sceptre, im area DOP, et monogram AR

But the very words of Vaillantius ex Muscovite Card. But the greatest discriminants

t) Num. vet. p. 176. =) Bell. Mithras, c. 10.

u) L. I. c. 131

THE KING OF THE BRIDGE AND THE BOSPHORUS--

which wash away much from the iconism itself, For in front of this is presented the head of laureate leg, obverse figure covered with pi- a lion on a cross, with a scepter in his left hand he held a branch of the palm tree, so that he was of the type of this god, who is described differently painted, I dare not decide anything. Said Vail lantier, no one in the history of the gods to be engaged for the time being, who averts the figure but he did not immediately return to Serapin. I would like to have something of a certain antiquity the monument of Seraphim proposed this worship to see them

Mithridates is here said to Strabo tur Eveeyerye Y), as also Appianus 2),

The year I'OP, 173, begins in the autumn V. C, 629., who was about Mithridates penultimate

v. * e

Numum BAXXIAE-- MIGPIAA -- «bI- AO - - whom the erudites to this Mithridates tri- they were used, wherefore in the coinage of the kings of Armenia to which it no doubt belongs 4R. RRRR.

MITHRIDATES VI. the rescuer DIONYSUS

Posti first, then the Bosphorus rez.

The boy lost his father, and he avoided it cautiously the scheming of guardians, when through age cooked, began to reign, increased from time to time. also to the kingdom of the Bosphorus, as to himself its king Paerisades IIl had ceased, subdued by war To the Scythians and other barbarians more serious, which he had conceived in his mind, the wars

x) B. L, T. XI. hist, p. 120. y) L. X.

THE KING OF THE BRIDGE AND THE BOSPHORUS. 365

learned, then collided with the Romans, that having invaded Paphlagonia, Nicome Bithynia, Ariobarzane, Cappadocia cia had driven out, Man. The legate of Aquillius

he would have been killed among the toys and tortures:

all through Asia of the Italian race in one day he had taken care to kill them, the whole of Asia or Boman, or royal, or free when he had subjugated a part of the islands to himself, in in the said war, and in the 26 for years to, with the most serious defeats by Sulla, Lucul- lo, and finally Pompey M. was affected, then a refugee in the Bosphorus, but from his own people betrayed, despairing of all my head 5. C. 691. This babe image of him from Velleio à); Fir negue to be silent. nogue to be said without dear, most active in war, most virile, sometimes luck, always in high spirits the mouse, the leader of the plans, the soldier with the hand, hate in Hannibal the Romans His history is more extensive see the description in Appianus, Plutarch chum, lustinus, and others.

From the train of wives and the film He had a son named Rose, the elder of whom a part of the cruel butcher of his kind, or for fear of an ambush, or of the fury of an act of inter- he bought, from the sons of remembrance MACHARES, whom he himself first called king of the Bosphorus but because he made peace with Lucullus, ad He brought death. PHARNACES II. after his father, the king of the Bosphorus, of whom below. daughter CLEOPATRA was married to Tigranes of Armenia to the king

N s m i King's head crowned. $ BAZI

°) L U. c. 18. - b) Strabo L, XIV

Cc a"

AEQZ MIOPAAATOT, ETIIATO- POS. A deer grazing in the field À, and the stars of the sun and the moon, everything is dark: the crown deraceam., AV. (Cary, Pellerin,) In another in addition, the ITEP monogram. Av. (Mus. M. Ducis.)

King's head crowned. | X BAZI AEQZ MIOPAAATOT, ETIIATO- POS. Stag feeding, or Pegasus pa- cens, in the area varying the year of the epoch, the stars of the sun and the moon, and the varying letter so- litaría, all within the hedgerows, AR, 1, (Mus. Caes.)

Etiiatopoz is the surname of all these The gods offer that Mithridates VI. indi- and Strabo, Appianus, and others testify there, but its cause is uncertain. Mithridates took the city of Pontus from him He called the beginning of the foundation Euppatorium, as with Pompeius M. incomplete

having found it, he called himself Magnopolis 5).

Both the true cause of the grazing animal no one finds the same bacten, yet they who stand feeding Pegasus, to be seen I lost the seals for the sake of this type, I said above in the coinage of this Pontic of the city And the most probable cause of the stars I sent them to the gods of Pharnacus, Mo- nogram IIEP indicates Pergamum My- siae, in which the custodian of the witnesses of Ci- stop-hours, in which that city It is noted with great displeasure, but it is established Mithridates settled in Pergamum, where in his time Archelaus reigned in Greece when Sulla waged war ^). It is also agreed The benevolence of the parchments in Mithrid-

— O EUREN tg

e) Plutus, in Sulla p. 458

366

tem, and hatred of men, who from twice they had taken refuge in the temple of Aesculapius, stand 4) An ivy crown for the surname of Dionysius or he alludes openly to Bacca. for this is God especially Appianus concerning Mithridates °); xai QuaQexyera: IMaSesdarxo veg, w Aww- cog xai BuraTop inwwupz y, He succeeded Mithridates philins, to whom Dionysus? yes Eupa- to be surnamed And Cicero of Asia nia f). Mithridates, the god of that father, that the conservatism of Asia, that of the Eevi, They named Nysius, Bacchus, and Liberus. It was found that cogeemen believed in other who, according to Plutarch £), which in the he always took away the palm of his hands, or more truly than that, in the same way

Bacchus was unharmed by lightning

but it was serious, the same Asians i$» Cisto- Antonius also, in his gates, e; to say Bacchus, the crown he They were lavished with riches, of which see his I love men.

For many years I was constantly in these gods. Found out. Bactenus they are: OÈ. BIZ (Mus. Gags.) QIZ., (Pheop.) AKZ. (Spanheim

epist, IM.) BKZ. (Mus. Caes.) Dl'KE.

(Mus. M. Ducis.) AKZ. (Apost. Zeno.) Fixed ad. the year 5. C. 457. at the beginning of the era annual first O2 led by autumn V. G. 665. last AKZ. from the donkey 63o s” : The name Mithridates WE by name I signed with the Athenians. look at these currency A. RRR. AR. AR

d) Appian, Mithr. c. 23. L. L p. 634. "LEN

THE KING OF THE BRIDGE AND THE BOSPHORUS.

PHARNACES H. rez of the Bosphorus, from time to time and of the Pontus.

Mithridates VI. bis son see him recover his father's lost property, and from him to himself I laid an ambush, having won the will of the soldiers You have already suffered everything from your father desperate to inflict less violence on himself re V. C. 691., and his to Pompey the king of the Bosphorus was sent to die: par- He took away the prize of revenge, the said pre- R. Quietus, a friend of the people through, until the fear was present, when impe- rium R, the dissensions of Caesar and Pompey he would understand that he was troubled, with the hope of recovery after the reign of his grandfather, left in the Bosphorus nis Asander invades Pontus, and Homanorwm the protection of the father's domain He submits everything to himself. After hearing that, Cae- sar flies out of Egypt, and commits to the city of Zele Pontus in the battle of Pharpe he splits the cem, and beats it, which then a the defeat of Alexander the fugitive in the Bosphorus In the interim he ordered V. C. 707.

Name:

Diademed head of the king, £ BAZTAER- Q. BAZIAEOQN, MEDI'AAOT, PAP- NAKOT. a pollo sitting before a tripod d. ramtitn, e. with lyres attached, in the field of the year I just discovered EMX. cm. ZM2Z. in the area the monogram, or the letter A, AY. AR. (Mae. Caes.)

Em in these tumultuous titles re- the army of kings, and of the great. He made himself the king of kings ambitiously called after the vi- gifts, with which also the title

RUE urine res REESE DESEE ETE S re TEE EUER EIE GET AME HIR URCRNERS CERIROEC EMEN INEKITRUZUWSRAGIAURDGDEN TUS GUETUDE SERLO DR CU DUI RUP QUU MV CUNEO MEUNNEID

e) Mithr. c. 10.

f) for Flaccus c. 26. £) Symposium.

THE KING OF THE BRIDGE AND THE BOSPHORUS.

my contemporaneous Tigrenes of Armenia and Sy- the king of the ria, learned from the same cause a great name, which also Mithridates we know the tribute to the father from the writers, but with which he himself, at least that from the gods It is clear that the use is known, but this is more deliberate he would have refrained from praise, if he had re- He would have thought, Great father by surname Great Pempejo was defeated by execution, and himself from the same Msgno the precarious Bo- the kingdom of the spore

The years inscribed on these mummies correspond anais V. C. 701. 7032. 493. bidis both Romanora for tomorrow's affairs I have recently begun to be beaten by Pacihie a man unable to lift himself up, or higher mime to guess Solitary â to indicate year 4 of the Kingdom of Pharmacy Veilant, but what a view I have Froelichius overturned. tera À and various others also occur in the gods of Mithridates' father, whom men, since from time to time an they do not succeed us, not even himself Voilanus will be able to mark the years of his reign to attend It is read in both equally and monograms will be mintmarks rum, Nor obest, after the event) cm Asan- drum, as we shall see shortly, of the kingdom of that he has inscribed us with his gods, for here an- completely abstained from the period of I give these years of the reign. Then the prince rushed Voillantius's argument, with which he ra Ô the beginning of the Pnician era in the year Y. C.

448. added b),

301

In the same way as Patinus for BAZI AEQX. BAXIAEQN. reads BAXIAE- QI OSEXEAN i), but that he had been deceived by Bozius has already shown an excellent rum

Av. AR. RR

ASANDER. First archon, then king of Rospore.

Pharnaces, as we have said, to the Bosporus while he presided over Pontus, and rescued the pa- He tried to recover the three provinces. Vic- then from Caesar, and return to his people from defeat" 5. C. 707. and Bo- retains the spore, But Caesar of man in reality, Mithridates detested his treachery Parchment, of which below, the war in Asan- He commanded the drum, and the kingdom of the Bosphorus itself adds !), but overthrows the entry of the Dospers Asander, as Strabo teaches from Casaubonus excellently corrected ?), established thus powerfully

tia first and bnarchae second

Lucian?), but the archon according to the nu- the customer, coming under the authority of Augustus He presided over Besporus under the name of the king's father. death yours is V. C, 740, in the reign of the wife of Dynamis leaving Pharnacis F. °). Lucian, who him

He reports that the voluntary death was extinguished, which

the spirits of the soldiers in Seribonium, of which below, he would see him bow, he adds, that he lived him at the age of 93, and still in extreme se- let no one kill the cavalry and the infantry in battle lower body P). |

N s m íi :! I took Asander the beardless naked, X AP-

h) Reg. Bosp. p. 205.

LIV $. 24. pL e.

i) To Su: ton. p. 2*. L, XLIL &. 43. HiL Bell, Ale. caj any v) L. XIX p. m. 9.7.

k) Hist. B. L. T. XIL p 292. n) In Macrob.

1) God 9) Dio L.

368 XONTOZ AZANAPOT BOSTIOPOT

In the area of H. Av. (Vaill.) ¿s area XH. AR. (Cary.)

Diademed head of Asander. X BAZI AEX1X. AZANAPOT, The same type, in area: Ô. c. Z. H. IA. Iç. IZ KI, (Mus. Caes, Froelich, Cary, Pellerin Suppl. III. p. 3. Letter of Sestina p. 35.)

Alexander, who, before he became king would obtain the name, ethnarch from Lucia we have seen that it is not said, the prince, the latter, they call the king, and they add diadems, but what about no to think of these arithmetics, it is doubtful that ret Froelichius. It is likely indicate the years of the princes, then re- fire But the year KT creates difficulty. It is clear from Lucian, " Ásandrum ab Au- the king was called an ethnoarch by gusto. This could not have been done before the year 5.

. C. 723., by which Octavian finally defeated -

to Actium Antony right in the eastern reg- he got it. If therefore to the year 723. you give the year of the god 23., you will have a year V. C. 746., but Asander, as I saw mus, he died already in the year 5. C. 740. day. Therefore, either Lucian is mistaken, or the god or these marks indicate otherwise. don't you I merely suspect that Asandrum was already before M. Antony, who had many kings by Pontus Armenia and other provinces he protects, called the king, as his friend giving aid to himself in the future rare, and in that position from time to time by Octa- by way of confirmation, that the same in Po- We know what happened to the lemon king of Pontus. That

THE KING OF THE BRIDGE AND THE BOSPHORUS.

if he be so drunk, should I not affirm that Lu- cian, but to have been less in prayer taken care of

Av. RR AR. RRBR

MITHRIDATES PERGAMENFS rez Bosphorus

Mithridates VI. son of skin He Cae- sar dictator because of the insignia conferred on hello Alexandrine help first tetrar- He gives the name of the king of Galatia. From then the king of the Bosphorus with the same kingdom was preparing to go, removed from the middle by Asander tur, as was said just above.

Now Mithridates' two parchments Seguinus 4), but their predecessor is his Mithridates, who Polemon II. in ` Bosporus succeeded, the other is autonomous Pergamum, that we may teach in their own places.

s POLEMO I king of Pontus, the Euphrates and the Bosphorus.

A certain Scribonius, Mithridates himself bearing the pole, followed by Augustus after Asan- after his death he was appointed king of the Bosporus, takes possession of the kingdom under the leadership of Dynamia Asandri widow, M. Agrippa having heard of this matter, who then King Polemon took charge of affairs in the east of Pontus, who from him, or according to Vic- torem 7) by the son of Polemon Polemoniacss it was said, he sent to bring war to Scribonius ret, who still loves a surviving man he found no more, for he learned of the fraud the pig is from the Bosporans themselves. After that Agrippa himself is made king of the nation, Hae

; Well, sel. p. 62.

(7) In Nero.

THE KING OF THE BRIDGE AND THE BOSPHORUS.

Dio ad V. C. 740 *). He had here Polemus his father, Zeno, the Laodicean rhetorician of Phrygia, whose fame was in Antioch nium Illvir's merits in the bel- I speak against Labienus, which is the most important thing was the cause, why he par- the region of Pontus was subject to the title, Quo It is not known what happened in that year, but God bless him already in the year 5. C, 718. he appealed to the king of Pontus lat €). Three years later by the same Illvirus He also carried away the lesser Armenia (v). V. C. 728. called by Augustus the associate and friend . cus P, R. *) and finally V. C. 740. Agrip- peace, and by the will of Augustus the kingdom of Bospo He got the frog, as we said, in Interiiese at war with the neighboring barbarians, in two places says Strabo.

Wife I. Dysamis, daughter of Pharnacis, nep- of Mithridates VL, Asandri first, then . de Scribonii see Y), with none born of her children

Wife II Pythodorus, of whom he was born from her children below,

Name:

KISS€QC IIOAEMOQNOC. Head royal diadem € M. ANT4O.NIOC. ATT. TPIQN ANAPON, Head of An- tone; Hlvir's naked body. AR., (Patin ad Sue- so p. 293)

Confirms bic. we are those of Fo- the lemon king of Pontus was conned by Antony we have said above, the same Polemoni Froelis

who distributed a coin inscribed: MAPK.

|. $69 ANTANIOT.TIOAEM/NOZ. APXIR PEZ =z). But that he was in Cilicia to be carried, it will be said that the gods of Olba Ci- of the law

$š + +

BAZIAEQ2Z IIOAEMQONOZ. Ca- put the king's diadem $ IMP, CAESAR, AVG. The naked head of Augustus. AE, (Vaill.)

A similar reverse. £ KAIZAPOZ. ŁZE- BAZTOT The naked head of Augustus. AE. (Se- guin Num, sel. p. 317.)

To attribute these gods to Polemon LE they argue against the head of Augustus, for Polemo II only after his death in Pontus reigned. These gods are eminently con- which Strabo reports *), Polemo- for his excellent deeds of royal dignity first by Antonius, then by Augustus was decorated

+ * Q

I like to mention the crown instead a remarkable marble found at Cymen Aeolid, and by the illustrious Peyssonello of Lute- then sent, His part, which Pole- monis I. nomen contineb, jaw »excited Carius, and from him Froelichias, but, inter- Then the heart of Caylus issued a note - with an outstanding record. Ie-noauris eir the gods Belleyi P). Words, what hee punishes spin, sound:

HIM IEPEOZ., TAŻ, POMA, KAI, ATTOKPATOPOZ.KALZAPOZ.GREQ.

d E. 138 S 24. Q b IEI. $36. 33, dvd Ban, gagh aQcesoiQ p. 86. "scm p b. b) Bam diat q. Ty Ik p tTons

ba D Diak L $ a XII. p. m. 867

Tom. 50

u) Dio h XAR & 4 — 3. Dio B. KB.

e

Aaa

p t F

wH Wm

310 THE KING OF THE BRIDGE AND THE BOSPHORUS.

TIO OEQ, ZEBAZTOQ. APXTEPEOZ. MELIXT () KAI. IIATPOZ TAZ IIATPIAOXZ. IIOAEMQONOZ. TQ ZHNANOZ. AAOAIKEOZ,

Marble teaches this, Polemon V.C. 702, to have been still alive, for this de- mum in the year Augustus was called father pa- riae He was also, though absent, for the sake of honor the priest in the temple, which Cymaeus Aeolid of Rome and dedicated to Augustus to be careful I believe, out of respect I am the name of BAXIAE (YZ), even then, when that marble would have been laid, the reigns of Pontus, and would hold the Bosphorus. -

AR. and AE RRRR.

PYTHOR, queen of Pontus.

A lengthy discussion of his life and works Sóucie illustrated the chronological tus, which is in Tomo of his dissertations IlI. On a similar topic from time to time much The remarkable Belleius was more carefully engaged in c). We are shaking heads. Pa- He had three sons, born at Pythodorus Nysa of Caria *), but who left prop- three times the ignominy of the neighboring country and ma- the illustrious men migrated to Tralles of Lydia he lived, where also Asisrcha was, | Her husband im- rich tables, and cam Pompejo M. ami- Strabo 4) foretells this. Pythodo- I will laugh at Polemus l. dead Dynamie which V. C. 740. became king of the Bosphorus

He had taken the subject, and married him. This a. I was slain in battle by the Aspurgitan barbarians Pythodorus in the kingdom of Pontus, but not Bo- spores, as will be said below after Polemons He. gods, he succeeded, from time to time another ma- in the trimony of Archelaus, king of Cappadocia married here in 5. C. 770. berius was summoned to Rome and wished to die ret, returned to his kingdom of Pontus, cam- that there were still many years of great pru- in praise of wisdom and control set, is dead, as seen by Societo, in the year 5. C. 791. This from various Strabo- in these places. |

She had children from her husband Polemon I. Polemon, who succeeded in the kingdom of Pontus He. Zeno was called from the name of his father pinch He was the greatest of the people of Armenia they had said that he was a king, but no from the name of the city Ar- taxed, his German head insignia. imposing the king V. C. 771 °). II. fi- liam anonymous, married to Coty V. Thra- to the king of the city, to whom from his uncle Rhascuporides He remained a widow, leaving behind a son, who succeeded f).

Name:

The head of Augustus, according to others, Tiberius laureate X BAZIAIZZA IITOOAQ.- PIZ. ETOT 3. Capricormus. AR. III. (from Mouse, Bothelin.)

—————————————————————— MQÓQ RR

c) B. L. T. XXIV. P. 61

. *) Societus errs in a grave error, who makes his country Nisaea the dockyard of the Megarians near Attica In Strabo it is called Nvcaeog, which is a gentile of Nysa Caria, neighboring Tralli; but the city of the Megarids was Nigara, and the Gentile Niea, which both the historians and the gods attest.

4) L. XIV. p. m. 960. e) He is silent. Ann, IL. 56. f) Strabo.

| 78

THE KING OF THE BRIDGE AND THE BOSPHORUS. Caps! Tiberius laurel € BAZIAISZA.

IITOSOA(f1PIZ. ETOTZ. Z. Bilanz. AR. IH (Seguin Num. eel. p. 45.)

: Seguinus and Veillantius, when in heaven

II. not quite whole for ETOTZ. le- they thought they were going to KOTTOZ, no doubt to give it to his daughter Pythodoridas anonymous, as just above Cotyi I said I was married to the king of Thrace, they agreed that, suffering from this god, the daughters of and the mother's name was Pythodoridos. More seriously, the first most complete of the mu-

-beo of Bothelin; who clean ETOTZ

presents, the reading of another he sailed It is certain, then, that this is a coin Pythodorides of Pontica. See more about this at Bimardum 8), l

But it was more stubbornly argued, whose is it the head of an earlier god, either Augustus or Ti- berii, of which see the disputing Soucie- and B), who nevertheless prefers just as much as in to recognize Tiberius on the other, whence the iconisms, which Belleyus of his own pre-dissertation of Pythodorides fixed i), the previous god stands for the undoubted one of Augustus, the other of Tiberius, adds the same below k), by men much in the matter of numismatics practice Augustus in the pre- acknowledged by yielding, That suit is not idle, for it contributes a great deal to ex- to fold the year Z inscribed with these numis, to which I am now proceeding.

As regards the year 3, 60. he Society from the year 5. C. 713. de- He leads Polemon I. after the battle

Philippians from M, Antonius called Pontus -

3171

He tries to oust the king, henceforth era by his wife Pythodoride so that the year Z comes out in the autumn - V. C. 773. He also came to his opinion Baron Bimardus!) with great efforts, and by long detours let the Society be protected, yet all learned He has not yet received consent that he, Heineccius, apparently cutus, Polemonis], reigned from the year 719. arises, based on one conjecture. Others think that it was done later because the merits of Zeno's father in the war of Labienus, who V. C. ?14. harass the provinces of Asia life And indeed Froelichlus, to whom it is not unknown was, which the Society had a man admits that he cannot define himself, or bis year Z of the reign, or of the life of Pytho- Doridos, or of another epoch *), If ve- it is true that Bel- leyus, to be in the former deity: the head of Augu- sti, on the other Tiberius, all in succession the difficulty disappears; For when both that the year Z is written in the same name, it is clear that the last year was the same Augustus, first Tiberius, whom he confirms to have been 5. C. 767., and in addition to both of the god we are talking about, the birthday, from whom if we take away 60 years, we will be in a year V. C. 707., which of course was just con- to be established in Pontus, the theme of a new epoch pus; for in the same year he was defeated by I, Cae- sare Pharnaces IL, who thence by some years had usurped the kingdom of Pontus, and had exercised the power of Delhi,

But neither the capricorn type, nor the balance

. &) To Iobert, T. IL p. 345

h) Pag. 29 and 38 1) To Iobert. T. II. P. 345.7 m) Reg. Bosp. P 151.

i) B. L. T, XXIV. p. 67. k) Pag.

| Aaah

5T2 cis passing, When Society in both | that he saw the head of T'ibcrii, not po- the capricorn to the name of Augustus to call back Then another, him- that he devised an ingenious method by which -Capricorn and Libra, zodiac, men- and his signs to the god Month lari in Pontus religiously observed re- carries "). If in the former deity from DBellcyi sen- is the head of Augustus, again in pro- it will be a matter of slope; for Augustus will have ca- knowing his first-born friend when, although it could be done, as he thinks Belleius 9), as from the same cause in Pontus the signs of the zodiac were inferred from the currency, ex which in other countries, and especially in Coinage in Egypt, Syria, and Mesopotamia were brought forth, although these were not for the same reason as long as it is clear enough, of course in the sky, who offer the heads of the Parthian kings, for the signs of the months were the names of the months themselves we know that they are written

AE. RRRR

PO LEM SO IL King Pon and the Bosporus.

Polemonis Í. and Pythodoridos F, Fra- by Zeno, as the chief of Armenia he would catch him, summoned, himself at the ma- trem for the death of Pontus' father. the queen re- He stood, his mother dead by the grace of Caligula the paternal kingdoms of Pontus and the Bosphorus tíinwit V. C. 791 P). But Claudius V. C. 794. for the Bosphorus, which Mithridates He was generous, he gave a part of Cilicia a). Vt He was a man of stupid character, easily persuaded

^) Pag. 40

9) Pag. 36. s) In Ner. c. 18

P) Dio L, LIX, $ 12. t) Iu Nero.

THE KING OF THE BRIDGE AND THE BOSPORLI

He suffered himself from Berenice Agrippa I. lu- the daughter of the king of the Daeum, from time to time infamous Pity's friend, as the playful rites of circumcision he would marry himself, but not for long He loved the marriage. For Berenice you wander falling in love not long after Pole- warned, and here, on the other hand, the reli- Gion's farewell "), the same afterwards to Nero, uncertain, for what reason, Pontus spon- he yielded to you, who then returned to the province he is a Dacian, as Suetonius of the Hibbins 95) Gold Victor, who adds, part from him The bridge called Pontus Polemoniacum, and Eutropius t) What happened after that uncertain With this they stop at Polemon Kings of Pontus Name:

BAZIAEOQZ. ITIOAEMQONOZ I took it diademed

ETOTZ. 1A. Head of Claudius with laurel. AB (Vaill. Num. prest. in Claudius.)

ETOTZ, IE. Agrippa's diademed head pine trees AH. (Pellerin Rois. p. 187.)

ETOTZ. IH Radiate head of Nero. AR. (Vaillant.) l

ETOTZ. 10. Head of Nero radiated. AR. (Froelich from Mus. Rothelin.)

€TOTC. K. Head of Nero with laurel, AR. (Pellerin Rois p. 187. Khell Supplém. ad Vail. p. 54.)

E€TOTC. KU, Head of Nero with laurel, AR. (Patin ad Suet. p. 298, eed who in this per- Augustus saw Nero's purse.)

BAC., II. KA, Diademed head. X IMP. NERO, CAES. AVG. He takes the radio then AR. (Yaill.)

q) Did 560 & 8 - 7) Joseph.

THE KING OF THE BRIDGE AND THE BOSPORL 215

From this catalog of numbers, Po- lemon JL would not have squeezed the air a Polemone I, begun, the year of which & in Pythodorides we saw the gods, but in- that he wrote on the coins the years of his reign, inser- to also for the sake of respect commanding, when therefore the kingdom aspires tus sit V. C, 191, annua lÀ. it will start from in the autumn of Y. C. 801, the year 1E., which is in the distinguished deity of Agrippina the younger, ab sutumno V. C, 805. Polemo woman he led to observe, not only But I was hurt by the sordidness of my husband Claudius also through the hope of future power, which to his son Domitius, and then into the family of Clay- diam, and having adopted the name of Nero, and no longer obscurely intended for government The rest of the years fall into the times of Nero. the first of which is IH led by autumn V. C. 808., the last KA. from autumn 814. Done in the year following 815 or 816, that King Nero should give up the kingdom of Pontus; for no other reason than the cities of Pontus they had hoped for a new epoch, which exhibit the gods of Neocaesarea, Trepezun-

tis, and Zelae, and which certainly from Anne V.

C. 816. is led, as we said in these Sin- gularis is the last name of the bilingual; to whom he jdvat obseryate, of the same reason you are the golden and silver gods of the at that age with the head of Nero the neighboring COáesareum of Cappadocia. to have been

All of Polemon II. God in Pon- they were followed. From the Bosphorus, which alone so he held it for three years, he had no more. No-

My Pontic and Bosphorus easily behaved in their own ways they distinguish, | AR. RR |

RELIQF1 SOLIFS OF THE BOSPORI KING .

Above, the life of Pythodorides is slightly at- we are afraid, I killed Polemon I. the wife of Py- Theodore of Pontius indeed, but not alone Vaillantius, who held the kingdom of the Bosphorus, and Societe, who also ruled the Bosphorus for to say, Froelis intended the suit chius, Belleyus, and Caryus when out of silence that of the coaeus and Ponticus of Strabo, who with He enumerates the domains subject to him, nowhere He mentions the Bosphorus, and from the testimony of the behavior, who, at what time of Pythodorus He ruled Pontus, the Dosporan kings rant To verify this Belleius Strabo's testimony is excellent, who acting from Chersonesus Taurica, aye addit 9): xus yv» úno Toig T€» Booroburw BacNevoiv; dg Pozo: xaTa nowt, árar- And not even the kings of the Bosporans, whom the Romans consliluerinl, and all this pa- rent, But at what time did Strabo

Pythodorus lived in Pontus, as others say

bi x): vv» ĝe x"ecui, Ta re NexSerra. (xu xagu - - now she is a widow, she owns, guae we said, places. The kings of the Bosporans mina, who between Polemon I. and II. to plead, Strabo retorts, but they pro- don't know Sauroraten I. and Rhescupori- give Í., of which I continue.

TI. IVLIVS SAFROMATES. I. BAXIAEQEX ZATPOMATOT, 6s-

pU n nRMMIIM—-————— C C Í—À | a) L, VII. p. m. 480. x) L, XII, p- m. 854

al Toute Re

Then «u ONE 7o that ORT CIT

- € £8

314 KING B

puts the king's diadem, X Chapter of Augustus. AE. III. (Vaill, Num. Gracc, p. 6.)

King's head diademed, hence mono- gramma TIAN., hence 1B X KAIZ APOZ ZEBAZTOT Head of Tiberius with laurel. AE. 3, (Sestini Leuere p. 35.)

TI. IOTAIOT KISS€O)C, CATPO- MATOT Bearded head crowned. X Victory marching, in the MH area. AE, II. (Cary.)

T. IOTAIOT, BACIA€O)C. CAT MATOT A saddle of curules, upon which a laurel on one side a spear with a shield, on the other a burning torch. € Coronet quern, within which HM. AE. 11. (Cary.)

-- - MATOT ACIIOTPI'OT. A spear with the shield, it is the KA area. X T€EIMAT, B. - - - Sella curulis, over gua laurea, AE. II. (Cary ex mus. reg.)

BAZIAEQ)Z. ZATPOMATOT Ca- puts the king's diadem, X. Shield with tri- pode, in the MH area. AE, II. (Quoted by Cary from the mouse king, p. 45.)

The king's head with a diadem bearded X B.A. C. Fir naked with a swift team s. raised, above XÔ, and a club. AE. II. (Pel- Lerin Rois p. 36.)

See another of Sauromata I. in Pepaepirie running

Froelichius all these gods Sauroma- by this name he gives distinctions to the Sauromata to the king of a part of Thrace, whom he thinks He was the brother of Cotyos VI, king of Thrace. One reason for him, (for this king of Thrace no one is betrayed by name) that these gods they are similar to his Cotyos numis Y). Ve-

the victim

ram and these gods to be Cotyos of the Bosporans, not of Thrace, it will be said below in his nu- mis, In general, all the gods who know arithmetic 1B. K^. MH. present all of which in these Sauromata gods and next we see Pepaepirios, and we shall see hereafter also, they are Bosporans; Carius did not attempt to explain the Esrum *), although it seemed strange to him, these only, nc- that the other numbers (of epoche years not this speech) in these of the kings of the Bosporus to be found in the gods, and equidistant from them, namely 123. 24. 48., so that can be seen some kind of cycle among the Bosporans to have been successful

Having established, then, that these gods were Bospo- frogs, we are taught by them, the re- ges, who already from Pharnace II. together to be subject to the Romans, henceforth that the Roman princes lam to observe, whether from those to reg- whether he was promoted or confirmed then Seuromates here for what reason it is obtained, it is not established. Yet from God 1. It is clear that by commanding him Augustus, and perhaps soon after the resignation of Polemon I He presided over the Bosporus. In chapter 2, I said it was the head of Tiberius, and that by faith Cl. Sestini although the epigraph should rather indicate Augustus. Number 1IJ. and IIIT, prove that its re- but the empire of Tiberius still extended then, for his respect therefore adopted He lived the names of ZTYóerius and Julius, which and a done by the successor of Rhescuporides

Numis III. and V. offer a chair lem- and laurel, that is, honors, and mu-

pE a a a a a A

y) Reg. Bosp. p. 159. 3) Pag. 44

KING OF THE BOSPORUS, 515

nera, which by the princes of R. as associates and friends P, R, were obtained. That lest it should be considered ambiguous, in the god iv. T€IMAI is added. honors See the like examples in the gods of the kings of Thrace, and Ptolemy, king of Numidia, Harduinus he issued the money, which he himself saw stature 3): IOT, ACIIOTPI'OT. Cypeus below KA, X TEIMAI, BACIA€QGC, KOTTOC, Sella curulis, spra guam laurel AE. Il], quite certain, numus that this one is the same as that, in which place V. I have described, and perhaps I am lacking in both that integrates the address from both I will give, the name ACIIOTPIOT doubt does not seem to have been taken from the Bosporan race, to whom the name of the Aspurgiani, whom they had lived the Maeotis marsh, and from which inter- Strabo testifies that Polemon IL was made, and from him Stephen

AE. RR

QUEEN OF PEPAEPIRS

BAZIALIZZHX, IIHIIAIIIIPEQZ. Diademed head of the queen, in area IB. X BAXIAEQZ ZATPOMATOT, the head diademed AE, II. (Theupoli, Sestini Letter p. 36.)

Here is a great tribute to Queen Pepaepi- rin, the wife of Sauromata, and to all these it stands for the unknown.

AE. BRRR.

RHESCPORIS I

YOU€PIOC. IOTAIOC BACIAE€TC PHCKOTIIOPIC. Cuput diadematumn

beat £ A woman's head diademed, in area, KA AE. II. (Cary.)

B.A. P. Head of the king naked, naked below

cKT in another: AAT. X Head of Tiberius nu- while, AV, (Cary, Vaill. Num. prest. T. He. p. 43.)

B.A. P. The king's head next to the dadina IB, € l'AIOT. KAIZAPO - - Head Cali- bare throat AE, 111. (Cary.)

And yet another king, who, when by Pythodorus reigned in Pontus, Bo- He was the king of spores. Numus 1 is distinguished by which the following clearly illustrates, And- for when in 60 let It is certain that Tiberius Julius was

Tiberius was ruling him as king.. But when `

the gods following through the years of the epoch in the age of Tiberius is certain is also, in them the letter P is not indicated re Bhometaic, let the king be known by another name mine beginning with P, but: Rhescuporida, since under this name certain king of the Bosphorus I, betrays Bal- dinus, which coined with the year AAT. no- Alas, Vaillant's edition inserted, mo- nogrammate BA, P. Rhoemetalcem Thra-

.he thought that the king should be understood, but he was not

the kings of Thrace now what epoch of his gods. to have written which Carius had already glimpsed. Years «KT, 326, and AAT. 331. chae, namely V. C. 457, fall into an nos V. C. 782, 787. The last numus

teaches that Rhescuporin was still king

under the beginning of the command. Caligula, but not long after either dead or ex-

a) Opposite P. 141

316

wusum, from which it is proved that Caligula who entered the empire in 5. C. 799, in the year hot in the Bosphorus he invited Polemo Nem II, whose gods we have already described above Av. RRR. AE. RB

MITHRIDATES

The Bosporan Kingdom, which Caligula Y. © 791. Polemoni 11 given we said, Cla- day 5. C. 794. given to the prefects of Mühridat Polemon part of Cilicia P), Hio Mühri- I took the dates from the great Mith»idate according to Dion 9). It is true that he himself profes- the pig is the offspring of the great chaemen 9), Eum hearing the accusations of brother Cotyos Claudius once again overthrew Apaus V. € 800. transferred to his traitorous brother sign But Mithridates recovered the lost he gathers an army in full force, "ed to the Romans inferior in arms, himself and all his with one of the Achaemenids' pride, defeated allowing his discretion, Rome was destroyed. : Tacitus here at length *).

FroeHvchius huno Mithridates that Cotyen filios Cotyos Y.: Thrace established by the king, and by the favor of Claudius the kingdom Donated to the Bosporan f. But apart from that that opinion without any argument He dwells, iHud stands in the way, because both, as

we soon saw, it was from the Acliamenides

kind, whom at one time went into Thrace It is not established that they were raised, but it is certain moreover, Cotyen Y. king of Thrace, pretended to be the father of both, from indi- that the race of the Sapae led by the testimony of Stra- ok :t)

. AOT

KING OF THE BOSPHORUS

Numi.

BACIAEWC. MYOPAATOT Capt the king's beardless diadem. X 1B, Club, ex where do the lion's paws weigh, then (ra, hence trident. AE. Il. (Cary.)

A deity here wrongly attributed to Seguin there Mithridates Pergamum b), as above in this we noted

"LE"

Bronze coin: NEPONA. KAIZA. PA, -~ Capst Nerosis. 10 KAAT- . MYOPAATOT RBilanz, no in the case of this Mithridates, for already before Ne- he lost his kingdom, but inscribed Clau- Diam Mithridates is more likely to be magi- his own words, the owjuspia of Asiatic, already Carius proposed i).

AE, RRER.

COTYS IL

the first traitor to Mithridates' brother, then I soon saw the king of the Bosphorus for him mouse, Ejas the rest are unknown

Did f.

B.A. K: King's head, in aroa BNT. X The head of Agrippina jun. AY to Vaill, T. 1L.)

B.A. K.O. /in monogram) Head laurel below c NT X Chapter of Nero - Inge. AY (Mouse, Cat.)

NEPK, /in TEA Caput lair., below ONT. X Laureate head, AV. (Cary.)

The first sign was signed by autumn

NU E RR E E RICE ER

b) God L. 60 9. 8 f) Reg. Bosp. p. 153.

c) l. c.

d) He is silent. Ann, L. XII. c. 18 £) L. XIV p. m. 833

e) Ann, XII. 15. seq. h) Whether, sel p. 09. 3) Pag. 53.

|

KING OF THE BOSPORUS

v. C. 8o8 under the beginnings of the emperor Nero, in which Agrippa was still in power at the time

Nay, Ejas Augustus also a nume, but.

Ponticus, we saw in Polemon II, Numus the other, which I edited, and the painting stood in the middle Sylloge 1, k) was used from the autumn of the 5th century. 812. I said there, the head of leureatufh. before and that they were King Cotyos himself. But when It is no longer seen as ridiculous, that he wanted a king

instead of a diadem, to use a garment of command-`

I prefer the laurel wreath on one side of the god the portrait of Nero was then expressed in command, in another Claudius the dead, but by whose grace the kingdom should have, Motion from Cl. I doubt it pushed to investigate the truth more carefully I would In the third numo ro NEPK. Carius he reads Nepon. KOTTE, which is not im- likely .

B.A. K.O. /in monogr.) The king's head I will give it below EZT. X Laureate head, AV. llI (Letter of Sestine p. 37.)

Sestine turned his head and determined that Ve- Spasian, which contradicts the history of the chro- nological For in addition to the year 5. C. A57. years of Bosporan 365, emerges en- nus V. C. 822, in the autumn of which he went out said Bosporan year 365. But Ve- Spasianus only on the Kalends of July of that year and indeed only in the remotest yet The emperor began to be recognized in Egypt, Rome until the end of December Vitellius clinging, therefore the laureate head It is the emperor's tooth, and how much it is it is permissible to cast doubtful features, or Galba, or Vitellius,

Av. ARR.

Tt

RHESCPPORIS il. The rest of the memory of this king is lost so cónserYavit the monument of art no- street 2

Coin: X

BACIAEOC | PHCKOTIIOPIACC, The head is diademed. X Chapter of Domitian laur. below YT Av. (Baldinus 1, c.)

Year IIT, begins from autumn 5; C. 836, who was the third emperor of Domitia ranting

Av. RARR. SAVROMATES H..

that in the age of Trajan the Bosphorus was re- gem Sauromata, following the god they are, and in addition Plinius the younger, who: He mentions the envoys from the king of the Bosporus Sauromata sent 3).

Numi

BACIAEWC, CATPOMATOT Head king's diadem X Chapter of Trajan laur., infra €4T. AY (Pellerin Rois. p. 37.)

The same reverse, 10 Chapter Trajan's laurel. > below AT Av. (Baldin; l. c.) a KISS€OQC. CATPOMATOT Head | diad., near the sceptre. Chapter 10 of Trajan laur., below HT. Av. (Cary.)

KISS€QOC CATPOMATOT Head dyad X Head of Trajan laur., below CIT. Av. (Pellerin Suppl. III. p. 1.) mE

The same reverse, X. Head of Hadrian laer., below CIT Av. (Haym. T. If. p. m, 68.)

Another with the year rTT. Av. (Sestini Lot- grind.)

`. m xxu E a ab unm m t RA `: . " *

k) Pag. 86 Tom. 1 liter

1) L. X, epist. 15.

Bbb

Another with, in the year HIT, AV, (Cary.) . Another with the year KT, AV. (Sestini ]. c.)

. . The same reverse. 10 BKT Eagle crown . pinching her with a rose. AE, 11, (Cary.)

. The same reverse. 10 MH, within the quiver. AE. II. (Cary.)

Nami hi part of the empire of Trajan, par- Hadrian's occupation The first of these per year EFT. 395. was signed by the au- in the fall of Y. C. 851., in the same year, te Januarius, Trajan died under Nerva He yielded, excellent above all, I'1T annas. 413. the last of Trajan, and the first of Hadria nor who is in the hands of both emperors compares, and is of great value to while the beginning of the Bosporan era, so to speak

The last name of Coryuüs because of the vul-

. tus features of Sauromata IL, for 1. tri-

He thinks it should be done, if only these things are safe enough supply criterion AF, and AE. RR

CoOoOTYS Il.

.to have been in the reign of Hadrian Bosphorus A king named Cotyos, says Arrian in a journey His testimony of God is duly sta- it boils

use:

BACIAEWC, KOTTOC. diadem head the mother, before whom I will be caught. Chapter 10 driami laur, below çKT. and HKT. Av. (Cary, Mus. Caes.)

BACIAEWC. KOTTOC, Head diadem the mother, before whom he trilled. 10 MH, enter quern AE. He, (Cary)

BAK., /in monogram) below KA. om- let him bear the laurel, X KATIG. The front of the temple. AE. II. (Cary.)

318 KINGS OF THE BOSPHORUS. ;

-Anni çKT 426. and HKT. 428. answer dent in the years 5. C. 882 and 884. Both im- tied to the death of Hadrian. Year HKT. re- perished also in the deity of the successor of Rhoe the same year in which we are taught to have been Cotyos II. last, and Rhoeme- talcum powder first.

In the last numo ro KATIE with type the temple no doubt indicates the temple of Jupiter The honor of the Capitoline in the Bosphorus was erected as Carius guesses correctly. But con- this god should be carried with the god of King Eupa tori

Av. and AE RRR.

RHOEMETALCES

Name:

BACIAEWC, POIMHTAAKOT. Ca put a diadem, before good in some I will take care of it. And the head. Hadrian's laurel, below: HKT. OKT AAT. TAT Av. (Cary, Mouse You kill Sestini.)

The same reverse. € Head of Antoninus lanr., below MT BMT AMT, EMT, ZMT. NT Av. (Cary, Sestini.)

BACIA€OC, POIMHTAA - - Head diademed, before which trident X Honey Fic walking on the road AE, II. (Cary.)

, We said in the gods of Cotyos IL, from the year HKT, it is certain that this era of the Bosphorus frogs in the year RHhoemetalcen reign co- piss Appropriately "Carius Capitoline ci- attesting to what age Antoninus really was Rhoemetalces reigned in the Bosporus, de by which evidence we shall also proceed in the following Eupotere.

Av. RR AE. RRR. EFP.ATO 6ZmR. Lucian mentions of this Eupetor,

r

THE KING OF BOSPORL | 315:

cam tells, (in Peeudomantia) they have come to Bithynia the ambassadors of King Eupator Bo- porani, who represented the annual tax burning, which: done under the command of M. Au- relio, which also confirms the age of the gods mature Carius from Capitolinus also him happy conjecture, whose words go $!): On hearing that Bimelalcus had entered the Bosporan kingdom and he dismissed the manager of the business, In what place should the curator read Eüupa- the tore thinks right, it is clear from that, Hhoo- the metal, which preceded, was re- gno, beaten, restored by Antoninus, and to him he may have succeeded Eupator after his death.

| Nami: ` BACIAEWC. €TIIATOPOC. Head a diadem, next to a scepter. Chapter X Tonini laur., below: BNT, TNT. ENT. CNT In others: Capita reverse M, Auro- lii, et-L.. Veri, infera: ONT, 3T TET s2T. ZZZ. Av. (Sestini, Cary, Mus. Caes.) : j BACIA€OQC, €TIIATOPOC. Heads two opposites, one naked, the other veiled the other one, 10 BNT, seated woman d. the ball AE. JI. (Pellerin Rois. p. 37.) Carius Sauro- matae HI gives " B.A. €T above NO below KA everything within laurel, X-K ATIE. The front of the temple. AE II. (Mus. Caes.) B.A. E. A horse's head. X Protome beard and the helmet with the shield; AE. IIT, (Sestini Leuere p. 40.) -

t

`

m) In Antoninus. a) Rois p. 38

The former Froelichius was once the king of Eunren "He handed over the parchment, but noticed an error Carius compared with another similar one, which above -

In Cotye II, we recited, The same about letters NO. he won utrum-really in numo ezi

they stand But I can testify, Froelichius- that he had seen correctly, and that he was mum, although nothing about the meaning of these letters

can be confirmed by water. AF RR AE. RRR:

SAVROMATE lh.. Known only from the gods. Name:

Pellerinius of this king's coin from mu-

.$60 he quotes from 4723. The rest of the dis- pretends"), it was signed so much by the

tumno Y. C. 918. and falls in the times of M. Aurelius, i

BACIAEWC. CATPOMATOT.; Capt

diademed, X. Cuput Commodus laurel. below - ZOT. EIT c TIT. ZIIT, GIIT Av. (Pel- i

Lerin adds. p. 1. Mouse, Dog, Cary.) The same reverse. X Chapter of Severus laur. before a good ass, or a ball, or a lun- la, below qT. BYT (The latter is here also bronze III. in the Caesarian museum, and Pellerini.) AGT. Av. (Cary, Mouse: Caes.) The same reverse. 10 Chapters reverse laurel

Severus and Caracalla, below EGT. cqT..-

HIT. cb, Ad, EDP, AV, (Pellerin Bois,

P» 37. 38. Tom of Sestini. III, p. 169. Cary.) - The same reverse, $ Head of Severus laur., im. area eagle, below cD AR, IIL (Sestini.)-

Bbbs:

29?

|... The same reverse. 10 Horses of the peacemaker

in habit, a star to the right, and B. AE. 11. (Cary.) The same reverse. X. A woman sitting d. glow bum, s. the spear, the head of Severus in the field

..teatum , and BM, AE, II. (Cary.) See plu-

other bronze things at Sesinius.

A bronze coin with two in the front ca- against the pits, which Carius table Ill. n, 8. he stops, and attributes to this Sauromuta, to be Eupator, from the words of Pellerinius col- Aigtur9) +-

AFV R. AR. RRRAR. AE. RR RHESCPORIS HI.

He reigned under Caracalla, and lasted in very Alexander's empire, from the sun I agree with you.

Name:

BACIAEWC. PHCKOTIIOPIAOC. Ca- pai diademed, £ Head of Caracalla laur., ssfre UWP. ALDP, BIP. Av. (Cary. Sestini,) . The same reverse, 10 Chapter Elagabalus is dragged. -from EP EL. (I stopped.)

. Adorea rake. X Chapter of Alexander Sev.

daun, , below AKD., AR. (Cary from Spain

quio.) Another with the year EKP, AR, (Sestini.)

AV, or ARa RRB,

COTYS Hl. The king of this god is Alexander Ser. they call at the time | Name:

BACAA€OIC, KOTTOG. head duo

THE KING OF BOSPORL

the mat 10% Head: Alexander lazr., below: EKP, ZKxX, RKP, OKP, Ac, AR, AE. III. (Mus. Caes. Cary. Sestini.) But Patinus issued the last coin in it reads AP, Verum correctly observes Ca- ryus, the Dosporan year 501. to fall into those times in which Sauroma reigned tes TIl., whose gods we have with years «QT. AP. EP, Yerius should therefore be read AP., especially when the same Cotyos ha-

last year

OKP tooth, and with the next one AAD, in the successor of Ininthimevo, I add, on earth about the year AD, signed com- to comply with the heads of two emperors, Seve- ri and Caracalla

ININTHIMEVVFS.,

KISS€Q)C. ININOIMHTOT I took it a diadem, next to a scepter. Chapter 10 candri laur., below AAD. AR. (Cary ex I follow.)

AR, perhaps the only one.

RHESCPORIS IF. Name:

KISS €OC. |. PHCKOTIIOPIAOC. A diademed head. X. The head of Maximinus, Guardians IH Philippi, Decius, Faleriani, Gallieni, below: AAP. cap. OAD. AM(O, BMP, CM b. EMP, MP.ZMb., HMP. 6M, 3p. TZP AR, mixed. AE.

Kbhellies cun published the like of these

-

e) Rois. P: 37. :

e - $P

KING OF THE BOSPHORUS

in the year not yet known AHD, P) true in this reading no doubt AMP. for I observe, in the waters of the Bosporan

while standing, the monads go ahead and follow

decades, finally centuries. Not rarely in the reading of the letters wrongly taken A for A, and H for M, and vice versa, sa- ts agreed

Then from Caracalla of the Bosporus our device is always rushing to the worst began, so that henceforth from these true im- the portraits of the bearers cannot be distinguished, From then on, by no means, as before this fact, from the look of the commanding years epoch, but from the years of the epoch's face we define the commanding, | AR. AE. RR

TEIRANES

BACIAE €(C, TEIPANOT. Head dia- beheaded, € Head of Probi with laurel. give top AE. (Cary.)

AE. maybe just like that

THOTHORSES-

BACIAEWC. G0G00PCOT, Head dia- taken down £ The head of Diocletian, or Ma- Aimiani laur., below: HAP. Bqcb, TAD. I'm going cdi HIP. smell, AE HJ. (Cary, Froelich, Pellerin.) 4E. RR

SAPHROMATES IV and V

Carius from Constantine Porphyrogenitus a book on the administration of government three sub Diocletian exorcises the leaders of the Bosporans

581 Rhescuporides, and his son Sauro-

his mother, and his nephew Sauromata. But so far we have not found their gods

ACHESCPORIS V.

BACIAEWC. PH - - - Diadem head matum, near (laughing. X Chapter of Constantine M. laureatum below VIX. AE. 111, (Mus. You kill.)

BACIAE€TC PHCKOTTIOPiC. Head diademed, near trident Chapter 10 stantinis M., below ç1X, HIX., KX, AKX. BKX, l'K X. AKX, AE. IIL (Cary, Pellerin Rois. p. 38.)

SAPHROMATES VI.

This also from Constantine Porph. Cerius was born when he was born, but this also was certain abandoned by his gods

to Ld *

Of the era of the Bosporus and Ponticge beginning

The truth of the Bosporan and Pontic era the beginning of the learned for a long time. different in opinion he tore them apart, which were not old, and - already useless again, you can see in the com- to the blacksmiths of Freelichius and Cerius, these learned men The beginning of Ilviri. that. to explain the attack published in the year 1759. but to the other. on the other" purpose: ceueta- ret, i» ce both consensege, epoch

The Bosporan to be led from autumn V.

C. 457. To establish his opinion con- in the sense of the number of lamentations, which Vaillantius and others were unknown, and whose deni-

P) Supply. to Vaill. p. 169.

382 ' THE KING OF THE BOSPORIS

by which judgment this beginning must be recalled there can be no more doubt. Numi after the efforts of these are so far from being detected; as the oracles will lift up the truth, as well as her confirm it very clearly, .

This beginning from the year 5. C. 457. in-

The year of DIT is established by victory. 413., who: the same it is in the god long ago: known to Sauromata 11. with the head of Hadrian, and the same in nu- mo of the same Sauromatae 11 with the head Trajan recently discovered by Pellerinius 3). From the testimony of both of these gods that it was the Bosporan year 413 the same in which Trajanus died. and Hadrian succeeded. That's done around mid Augustus V. C. 870. P. X. 117 If we take away the years 413 from this, there remain bit for the beginning of the era the year 5. C. 457 Imagine starting the epoch from the year 456. Added to this year Bosporanus 413. efflu- zisset in autumn V, C, 869. But Hadria- only the following year from Aug.

He stood and began to command. Imagine a quick start:

of the epoch from the year 450. Anbus Numi was added 4+3. began in the autumn of 870. Verum Tra- Janus died on the previous August day He lived in the same way from the year OIIT., which is i. the god of Commodus, and Sauromata II., it is proved that the era could not have begun V. C. 458.5 for then the year OTIT would have begun in the autumn of Y. C. 946., at Commodus on the At the time of December, 5 C. 945, he was already killed.

the same: outstanding men Carius and Froe Lichius also conspired in it, because they probably thought it was the same era - the Bosporan with the Pontica, or those which the kings of Pontus, Mithridates V. and VI. nu- to write to his The start of Vaillanius He led the Pontic era from the year V. C. 448., which opinion is eminently refuted see also Carius 7). That's for sure not encounter the same problems in it a sentence which exorcises the same for both eras period, namely from the year Y. C. 457, con- He established that he would stand by the judgment of these men please, it may be asked again, whether Bo- the Sporani from Pontus, or the Ponticians from the Bosporus Are they borrowed? I think it's more likely Carius *), from Mithridates VI. King of the Bridge in the newly acquired era of the Bosphorus: The bridge was brought, and by this great king there the stability was retained by the successors "Which was the cause of the establishment in Pontus V. C. 457. era, failing - the records of his age do not agree. Go- Froelichius and Carius threw things. but nevertheless they are safe from their own conjectures they would make you

In addition to the common: iiao to both re- I compare another epoch to the name of Py- probably drawn from Thodoridos by V, C, 707. as we said in his queen's coins, Asan- der and Polemus 1T, the years of his reign in the heavens - to sign to his own,

«) SuppL UL p. 1. r) Pag. 18

^

5) Pag. 16."

.883

PA4PHLAGO:MN I A.

What about the Pephlagonian gods in general it can be said that the precepts are already above in the prologues to the gods of Pontus.

ABONI TYCHOS, that and Ionopolis.

Maritime, curxea noris Arrian t), et Stephanus, and Strabo wx», famous yet it escaped in the age of Antoninus, and M. Au- I was betrayed by the fraud of Alexander the impostor, whom Lucian's singular work, entitled Pseudomantis, he strangles, who with the help of the serpent tis cicurus, which he handled with impunity vit, to each G/ycon he gave a new name Aescolapius carried himself, even after he had been appointed in this city to the oracle, to which Paphlago nes, and neighboring nations in great numbers to confluence, even to the Romans themselves by fraud wrapped up

shoeless Jupiter's head € SUBSCRIBE, TEIXOT,

Eagle with spread wings, monogram in field ma. AE. HI (Wise mus. Dod] p. 257, whether 1.) -

These are not enough epigraphs of the rarest gods. phe conspires with the testimony of the writers, who constantly call this town Aßwrs Teixos, the walls of Abon, whence the ca- a pig cannot be TEIXOT, but TEI- XEOZ, or contracted TEIXOTZ, which they really had the latter method rit numus, but the last letter is ex-

trita, it appears from the form of the letters, to others

*) In the journey a) Tom. I. p. 213.

for which reasons, this monument in ancient times then to go before the emperors, why con- I hold AE, RRRR. empire This town exists under the name

. the Cheos and the Ionopoleos, let them precede him in antiquity

of the name Aboni ticheos are named after capi- te Antoninus, and M, Aurelius. - Epigraph SUBSCRIBE ON, Type: Serpent in coils with erect head

human, written below in iii:

l'ATK4N.

These gods have been elaborately illustrated by Spanhe- my ®). Goltzius, and Spònius X) in their for l'ATKON they read l'AATKON which is against the faith of others duly inspected. against the faith of Lucian soon to be praised, contrary to the faith of the meter, which Lucian maintained the same:

Ep U'ATK ON , erro» dipu Aios, paos I have:

I am Glycon, the third son of Jupiter, light to mortals, that was the composition by Alexander in Glycon of his serpent grace to give faith to the astonished people ret. The figure of the human head of the serpent fingers attached to the testimony - Luciani, who made it out of painted linen he tells himself from the impostor. When it started run these tricks, and as long as they last rint, he did not issue the same, but it was quite appar-

x) Research p. 496.

584: ret from these gods, they already began under Antoninus, and under himself. L. Verum, cu- a right of money in the name of Josopolis soon. for I will lead, continued. If the faith of Harduino of the sacred, in the god of Autoninus, the museum of Fou. I read cault

Epoch year: €T, PA., and beyond from the beginning of this. sure what we could keep the time closer But this god is in the sight of no one else it was, and as it stands, the years of the god PA. the year of Antoninus wanders through all of them. In- Tera Harduini's danger is fixed in the air V. C. 803.

AE. RRR.

Ionopoleos by name. Lucian adds in by the same work Y), the venture of Alexahdrum to steal from the emperor, as Aboni ticos henceforth it was called Jonopolis. And that's it that he had obtained it; teaches the god of the museum

gii with the head of L. Veri: IOQNOIOAEIT ON. l'ATKON. Ser-

a pen with Kumano hair between the coils

rising, (Patin, Vaillant.)

And what is more surprising, I also discovered He continued to deceive, however, after Iono the name of the polis, thus Marcianus Heracleota 7) dug moNo ABovs Teixog, TX» »v» loonoNoy Aeyotrgy», is. wrbez Aboni quiet, now called Lonopol, which is also testified by the

later monuments, as in Novel--

already 29 title 8. i

Lucian immediately points out: the same Alexander's command sspiopa xzwor éyxeapacy- peron, TQ [469 tu T'Avxovog, xara Surtea Òe, AXEerdev, cepqora. Ot ru tana Axa

PAPIIILLAGONIA

now! TW» AL dxty qr: TE "aTÜouYTOPog Tuc Il;egeog èxorrse, numum of a new kind sig-- tatum, from here the image of Glycon, from there ve-- ro Alexander, the crown of his grandfather Aesculapius, el I tried to harpen her on the shoulder of Perseus tis, of course, as he had said above, proceeded in public dera xo» xara vo» Tleeoea, up ú davroy éxyesexhocytr pyte, harpen pre- - fierce like Perseus, to whom through his mother He called his kind, But this knee-no- the mouse has not yet been seen. . 4E. RRR. AÁAMAÁASTHBRIS.

. From Amastria, the brother of Darius of Oxyathra: daughter, whose gods after Heracles of Bithy We will review the name of the niece, when formerly, according to Pliny, it was called Sesame. Ste- the bread was the same when old Cromna he asserted wrongly.

|: Autonomous

The older of these Ponticians have the ty- - pos

Head of Pallas X. AMAZTPE. Perseus stands Medusae slaying geckpälas, AE. 1. (Re read.)

Juvenile head MA X AMAZ2Z-. TPE, Pharetra. AE. HI. (Mus. Caes.)

Jupiter's head X AMAZTPE Eagle in stopping the lightning. AE. IL (Pellerin.)

Aegis Pallas with Medusa's head inserted, . X AMAZTPE victory marching yak He lifts his mother over his shoulder. AE. TI. (Haym.) Look at these types of things. we noted in prolegomena to the gods of Pontus,

7) Sub. fin..

s) Bab, fin, Peripli,

PAPHLAGONI A.

: & E

Turret head of a woman, 10 AMA.

TPEQ Z, DIM. Thyrsus, all within it .rotats, |. AE, IlI. (Haymo. T., II. p. 172.) . There seems no doubt, the letters I'M, in- say the year of the epoch. But what are these? His principle Haymius too seduced The game is of course a weak guess from the year 5. C. 473. It is thought that it can be deduced. True from a single deity, and that autonomous one in vain we inquire into its beginning.

A female head with a laureate helmet and star insignia, X AMACTPIEXQN, Jup- piter seated d, eagle, s, spear, AR I.

Illustrious with volume, as well as metal. Cl. the abbot of Sestine Seo Ainsliean (Letter 'l'. IV. p. 101.)

. + THERE

The more recent autonomists, and from Augustus old rum

LOVE? PIC. A veiled woman's head invalid 10% CEBACTH, Fictoria standing AE. II. (Pellerin.)

And the honorary title of Sebastes to him given to the city, There are few cities which they cast this name of honor on the coin, although there were not a few things that Sebastes did not know they took up the old abolished men.

» + THERE

ZE€TC. CTPATHLIOC. Jupiter's head (Pellerin.) |

In the sun perhaps to the masters of the god Jupiter ZreaTmwys, the emperor, out army du- this name occurs, the same and in the order . returns to the streets

* + Ld

OMHPOC. Homer's head with a diadem. (Fol. IH.)

385

X AMACTPIANOQN, M€AHC, Fluvius Meles reclining d. the lyre | AE. 11. (Pa- tin Num, Impp. p. 2.)

The same reverse. € AMACTPIC Ca- put a woman veiled fnrrit. AE. IIl. (Hunter). .

The same reverse, X AMACTPIANAON.. Victory marching, AE, IlI. (Mus. Caes.)

Commonly known, Homer because of Me- He was born in the river of Smyrna, Verom a difficult question, why it is in the Amastrians it was called a currency. The riddle of the plate it is easily expedient to assert, to be certain, that Amastrin was a colony of the Smyrnaeans but he does not cite the author, although he probably did he will go at all, old Sesame, as most that the cities of Pontus were founded by the colonists of the Ionians tisse When, indeed, they had Homer with them they would boast of his birth, even the colonists They have established this house of theirs have displayed their grace in the gods, see Ho- even in imperial affairs. 4E. RR

To the emperor.

They exist abundantly from Domitia to Gordianus l

Epigraph: AMACTPIANQN,

Types of various gods and heroes They offer portraits with added names, as follows:

ZETC CTPATHDI'OC. Jupiter's stane d. a spear, for the feet of an eagle, Antoninus. (Mus. Caes.) See autonomous.

* HPA. Juno standing with his companion Peacock, Anto- nini, and Faustina sen. (Vail,)

HPA, ZETC, CTPATHIOC. Juno and Jupiter Strategus standing with his spear, Anto- nini, (Mouse, Caes.) | ACKAHIIIOC or: TI'€1A, desoul-

Cece l

^

pius or Hygia standing, Antoninus, Faust nae jun, (Vaill.)

OMHPOC. The head of Homer, M. Aurelius, (Vaill.) See autonomous.

M. ATPHAION. KAICAPA, M. du- Relius Egues, Antoninus, (Vaill.)

JOTAIAN. MAICAN, C€BAC, Pro- tome Maesa under the guise of Ceres d. spikes s. pretending to pop up, 10 AM ACTPIA N(XN. Jupiter and Juno standing with spears within the zodiac AE, I. (Haym, T. II. p. 346.)

* €100

Metropolis | AMACTPIANON, MH- TPOITIOA€IT SLN , in the name of Trajan, et Plotinae, (Mus. Caes.) the coin of Plotinae already with this title. But Patinus said seems to be suspicious of the attitude of Vaillantius and Pellerinius s, for neither Amastriepn inter He named the metropolitan cities.

The agreement is noted in the deity of Antoninus: A FRIEND AMACTPIC Two 4maso- those standing lurrillas join the right hands of me (Vaill.) They are then seen between these altars The Amastrians recognized the two of their city

.authors, one historical, namely Ama-

strien queen, another mythological that is to say, Amazon, as an example of many of other smaller cities of Asia, it refers Stephen, that he had taken away the name of Amastrien by the name of Amazon, and that from the testi- admonition of Demosthenes But here he understood no doubt, Sesamum, which was old The name Amastrios was from the Amazon seasoned Harduinus also from the inscription OMHPOC, and M€AHC. agreement with He takes the Smyrnaeans, but of both names

in the coinage of the Amastrians called cau-

e^

586 PAPHLAGONIA.

I am more likely to be autonomous I gave Officials in one place: EITI, AC- KAHIIIAAOT, (Vaill.) The site at Parthenium fl. II APOENIOC, Reclining on the river, M. Aurelius. (Vail.) About the doubtful epoch, and the name Sebastes I did in autonomous AE. C.

CROMNA.

Maritime near Amastrien, to which and in- the queen of Ámastria supplied the clothes the settlers of neighboring towns into their new evoking the city. oh

Autonomous

Jupiter's head £ KPOQMNA, Chapter mw- hare surmounted by crown, ÀR. (Pembrock, Pellerin, Hunter.)

AE. RRR.

CYTORVFVS.

The autonomous maritime bronzes of this ur- Goltzius betrayed twice one: KTTOPIQN. (in Insul., tab. I.)

Germanicopolis

Empire with the name of this city several were signed, but in the family of Severus so much Since there were many throughout Asia the smaller Germanicopolis, one of these stra, once called Gasgra, but which in gratiam. Claudius changed his name, as Belleius conjectures, the other in Bithynia, the third in Isauria, to this last Vail- Jantius the god is inscribed with that name generous But Belley's dissertation

PAPHLAGONIA `> 38T

Gulari' claimed them of Pephlagonia ^) for these motions, 1. That in God the region etc. is written in Árigonian: l'EPMA- NIKOIIOAIC. €CTIA O©OEQN. Ha, which: the last: letters read IIA9Aayo- »a£. But in the land of Arigonia, when This epigraph to Severus is surprising: APX- IIAcGI'€PMANIKOIIOAICECTIAOE€.- QN., in which it is difficult to decide dere, an ro APX, notes APXorra, anm APX eec , or IIAG), be this same ma- the registered name, as the order requires, or ITAGDAayo»a» will indicate. But he does not like it to tarry, because we know little of the faithful Axigopnii iconismos, IT. Argument ca- pit from the years of the epoch, of which below. Harduinus reads in the nume of the royal museum: Dl'ePMANIKOIIOAIC. EAT, why him He claims Germanicopolis of Bithynia, which according to the testimony of Pliny, Helgas was said to be fait. But This particular coin has been praised elsewhere I do not see, and perhaps the reader is deceived give EAD for the year epoch CAL, which indeed in some of the gods of this city it exists J Epigraph: T€EPM ANIKOIIOALIC. or l'ePMANIKOIIOAE4C.,:cui plerum- which is added: €CTIA, or €CTIAG. © or fully O€4)N. Belley, she thought so called because of the many temples of the city enclosed in walls And I see this sense By Virgil I also owe Troy to be called:

mum b): O- country! oh god of the house

Today! - The types offer different portraits of the gods. . But the god has a particular aversion

Donnae, which I once published from the museum of Com.

Festetics *). . rEePMANIKOTIOAEQO, €--- ET. Cal. A reclining figure with a yellow beard d. Palladium, s, reed, below Sanocc. AE, I. ! l Xanthus flowed to Troy, therefore this type: and with this epigraph Germanico- The issue of our site cannot be indicated, Ne- that this Xantho may be understood as a river Paphlagonia's chance was neglected. by geography phis for ignominy, for that Palla- long d. He holds Xanthu of Troy clearly argues, Germa-

nicopolitania, as most likely there.

I said, Xanthu, who is scattered by the ancients he was regarded as a god, also by his servant, as if şı Sew» had brought in, or had been colonists set out from Troad, and Xenthum for the same reason to sign on the coin, which the Amastrians, Meletus, as in.his di- we are e".

Dl'ePMANIKOIIOA€ OC. taurus gra- days, in the museum of Mrs. M. Du- cis, which I published there.

Perhaps this is the only god who I will give the true appearance of Germancopolis Bithy- can be attributed to for there is no epoch year and Eça Sio", and according to Pli- Why was this city called the Boos group, i.e is: a cattle stable.

2 + +

To inscribe the epoch of some: prefixed

a) B. L. T. 30 P. 324.. b) Aen. II. 241. e) Num. vet. p. 170

Ccc

* a. Since Ted d. * T iari " : pi A " "Np A E pnp TER n: > ^a E E : d 3 CaS 4 DS + dis pM "PE -— "n uem 2 7 -Ara a g e S E m. ov d ES at - b . WHO TEE i a *

^ T - æ UN ces

388 €T Four different years found Bel- leyus: C. CIA, CIA, CI€, But in two, which I have published, the year is written in this law: €T, CAI, Belleyus led the era of pu- tat ay in the year 5. C. 747. for example Ama- of Pontus, and Neoclaudiopolis Paphla- of Gonia, the cause of which is above in Amasia I explained.

AE, RR,

IONOPOLIS Look at the goodies above. MAST A.

It is mentioned in the cities of Paphlagonia Pliny Mas/ya of the Milesians, which place in Harduino was seen lying in bed, that, because none of the others of his city threatens, but Pellerinius quotes the aufonomum d), who exists in the cimeliig of the court of Lugden be of Gaul, in opposite: EITI, TALOT IIAIIEIPIOT, KAPBA2NOZ. POMH Sitting in Rome, who is also typed in I lost the numo, but it was found in money cities of Bithynia, it is true that Bithy- and the parishes of Pontus and Paphlagonia at the end of the Roman Empire in the 7th century, to have made one province so widely distributed in the prologues to the gods of Bithy- nieces Vrbis epigraphen Pellerinius says to be Mastia, but what kind of real in god be, does not betray, therefore Pa- is vindicated His mastia of flagonia, and to be corrected

Pliny, Mastya. "It seems that the table is Masírum to be the same as Mastia. AE. RRR.

PAPHLAGONI A.

NEOCLAPFDIOPOLIS

Ptolemy the old and the new of the city men conjoins: A»jgama, 4 xxr Nea Qiox 2g.

Emperor Aurelius recently published vit Sestinus: (Letter T, 1V. p. 161) NEOKAATAIOIIOAEITQON, Ara cum As the rising serpent, Sod was once a god Severi published it. Belleyus from the museum of Cot- te *), on the reverse of which (the epigraph of the city dis- pretend!) an eagle clutching a crown in its beak if by an altar between two military signs add epo in the year CO For this one since Belleyui thinks that he has hitherto been known. But Tristan published the coin of Caracalla in the form of a serpent sitting on the altar, Epigraph in the outer circle of the gods: KAATAIO. IIOACIT QN, in the interior: NEO f), Du- bium is here, or ro NEO. to go ahead should the name of the city follow, in the first Tristan's decision was real, and the money therefore he attributes it to Neaclaudiopolis. In al- tera Harduinus, and with ro NEO, read ret N€O»x;e»», numum Claudiopolio Bi- Thyniae transferred, €). That of Harduini seems to refute the opinion, it is, no as well as what had to be written in NESL. to to indicate NEœoxsew", (for here and there ia read the books of Cyzicen and Pergamene NEOKOPON for NEQKOPSLLN.) which that in the age of Caracalla, whose head he offers gods, and I already malt before these Bithy- Claudiopolis is no longer the city of the city, but in the ancient name of Bithynia wrote, as we shall see below, neither from it is certain, at least, that this city

d) Suppl. II. p. 24 £) Num. ill p. 83.

e) B. L, T. 30 p. 334..

f) Comment, hist, T. II. p. 214.

PCAPHLAGONIA | 389

He has inscribed his gods with the name of Ulrovis, I rejoiced in the goodness of neocoratus. Claudiopo- the case of [sauria, and of another pretended in I will prove that Lycaonia is no god. a mouse in the woods of Claudiopolis of Bithynia, From which it follows, rather this money to be Neoclaudiopolis, if only rightly so read the epigraph; for in this matter it is permissible to distrust Tristan in the light of day well-educated indeed, but not yet having been furnished with these resources, another in the same place Severus cites Harduinus as similar to Tristan nomo, with the addition of €T, Cc. Here if ever existed, there is no doubt that Neoclaudiopo- lions: for this exact year to the epoch the cham of this city, which he will soon determine.

mouse, fell into the empire of Severus himself, .

Claudiopolis of Bithynia followed another the beginning of the era Epoch, as far as the only certain hu- the right of the city god, and in the year CO only, col- it may be read, he began under the autumn of Y. C. 747. by the example of Amasia and Germanico- issue, as defined by Belley, and I explained in Amasia Bridge. AG. RRRR.

POMPEIOPOLIS

Mediterranean Gangram between and Sino- pen according to Peutinger's table. Har-

a monster of this name, beside the old Ami-

I think I am what Pliny testified Pompeiopolis was together with En- Pażoria founded by Mithridates ^), But Ami- $45, of which we have plenty to order rios, never forget his old name

and I do not know whether Paph- lagonia has been contributed, in which no Pompejopolis they are

He commanded.

M. Aurelius and his wife at one time of the Veilants.

The epigraph YYOMTIHIOITOAIC is added MHTP or MHTPO, IIA(XbPAayowog, and by these titles the city of the gods named itself Pompeiopolis of Cilicia is far from the gods they see, which also inscribes the epoch that which ours lacks. From which time began to be called a metropolis, not to be firmly established quit

The types are encountered 4E. RBR

SESAMVS

Vrbs Paphlagonia already mentioned Ho- Mero i), She was a neighbor of Amaestrius, or herself Under the changed name of Master, see Cellar,

Bearded head in laurel, X 22H 2A. Head a woman AE. JIL. E

Besides this, there is no one else in this city a well-known deity, whom Sestine had recently ex He published the famous Ainsliean museum.

AE. BRRB. `

SINOPE.

The most famous of these cities, Mile- his own Poland, but Ys C, 572. from Pharna- ce 1, the seat of the kings of Pontus was captured. exp gasta from Lucullus pit serins, to die

b) L. VI. $. 2. i) In Cat. v. 260

E LM and H "7^ aij ree S SUV

I

"And o0c€9 0 etc

590 | PAPHLAGO SN ELA `

= Autonomous:

ÞDAEIA, /retrograde) Bos cornupeta., X ZIN() Rotates within a square. failed; AR. He. (Letter of Sestine tab. IV. n; 33)):

A woman's head. X XIN()0. eagle scem grazing, in the area: KPH. - AIO-

NTZ. — EK, etc., AR. II. ILI, (Mus. Caes, .

Pellerin.).

from 84 A woman's head is encircled: you are a crown In other words, 10 ZINS. Aguila adversa 'ez- folded wings AR.. IIJ.. (Pembrock. Pel- read.)

There are not a few silversmiths to this one much alike, except that in reverse on the part of the eagle is a nocturnal cult, of course, with the wings unfolded, and juxta- ta for ZIN£), is read. HE below IIEIPA (Pembrock P. IL. tab. 11.) or, AIIIT, below IIEIBA, or:: ZITA (retrograde)

below HEI -.- (Hunter tab. 41. n. 22.

29.) In others he makes an epigraph on the reverse MNAX (Mouse, Dog) or KTH, (Pel- lerin) ZXYXÀ. (During Expl. of what med.: p; 51.) AIAN. or ONZIKOT (Letter of Sestine p. 9t.) Have these nu- all the signs of my remote antiquity Pellerinius with KTH. gives Cte- men of Thessaly, that I hardly want to pro- he gets drunk Cl. His duet with ZQ XA. to this Sinopen calls, because, as I said, with the present certainly similar to Sinopens It is almost natural, (l. c.) In a similar museum Caesarea, and it is read by Pellerinius AHMHTPIOT, Eum Pellétinius Athe-

in honor of Demetrius Poliorcetes the accused is suspected, (l. c.) that who. he had persuaded him with difficulty, Cl. How many more of them whom I quoted above from Hunterianus, prop three times registered IIEIPA. Rocks of Achaise gives, this also in a deceptive judgment, for it is quite clear, that kind of god in the mouth to be found at the Pontus Euxine. Finally, Abbot.

- Sestine, when in IIEIPA also of the city

name he would see them, at the Lost Bridge He considers the buendos, of which Strabo k): her to have been built by the Milesians, by the Athenians frequented by settlers from time to time and called by them. Piraeus . It was the cause of the appeal of the port: the native Piraeus- - him This judgment is sufficiently proved by the seer. bile, voting even at night and as sure as that, he drove the townspeople to the name of Piraeus from time to time the old Amisi to have recalled It is true if for the said reason JIEIPA' gods will belong to the Lost, We will gather those who are in favor of IIEIPA they have MNAZ or Z()XA or something else? Shall we also give them to Amiso? but why? Bes very uncertain.

JR

The head of the hero Perseus covered with a winged helmet and bent over € ZINOT - Harp on the tree. - AE. III. (Mus. Caes.)

Illastris: here we are, though in bulk, ca, I once had a lowly metal liberal. meter to establish in Pontus Per- He offered himself worship!), about which arguments to see also the prologues to the gods Ponticus, .

k) L, XII. p, m. 823. 1) Num. vet, p, 172.

PAPHLAGONI A. 301

Head of Pallas, X ZINQ1IIHZ, Perseus standing engaged in the slaughter of Medusa. AE. I. (Hunter.)

Jupiter's head € ZINCOIIH. Eagle in stopping the lightning. AE. II. III, (Hunter, Mus. You kill.)

Aegis Pallas inserted the head of Medusa, £ ZINOIIHZ, Victory marching paima raised over the shoulder, AE. 1. (Mus. Caes.)

A juvenile helmeted head. X RIN QIIHZ,

Pharetra, AE, 11 (Teupolis, Hunter.) ^ Juvenile hair naked, X ZINCOLTIHZ. Cornucopiae between two Dioscurorsm caps. AE. III. (Pellerin.)

Cupid's winged protome. X ZINK IIHZ. Quiver and bow. AE. III. (Pel- read.)

Of these Pontic types see, which pre- we took the prolegomena to the gods of Pontus. IR RR AE. R.

E * +

The colony brought by the 1st Caesar was not in- He also signed numerous gods when with the head of the slayer, but with him the life of the fan The reason for the benevolence, porrígun and the gods with the heads of the rulers down to the time of Gallienus. Cl, Belleius Sinopes collected all the gods of the colony, and enlightened with learned precepts"), -cu- the right to work has already taken over Froe- lichius in .pendicules II. new year 3744. published in Ovo, from time to time in 1563. .& Khellio in the 4th rejected, Much too He spoke very eloquently of the gods of Sinope

Abbot Fonmtenu "). Of these, which

L2

first to the full number of colonies Synopes pertain to intelligence, exer- by correcting the sins of these were due

Epigraph: | Colonia Lulia Caesarea Feliz Sinope, or more fully SIN. SINOPE SINOPES, mixed sometimes wildly Greek letters CINO., CINOPE., himself even in many a very barbarous work. It is called Igia and Caesarea, which later rius is met with again, by I. Caesar colo- by the author, In some it is added A. or AV., that AVreliam some already they were prepared, when Augustus notices; for AV said He had already met before Aurclios in the god Aelius Then Maximinus ple- and it is written: C, BR I. F. S., where Tə R. notes Romana.

Magistrate lIVir, but whose name erosion, it is noted, in the single god Augu- sti, (Belley.) as also EX. D. D, in so- the dispute between the gods of Augustus and Caligula.

More illustrious types:

Head of Serapides, or standing, side some animal triceps; nou rarely in He reclines on the bed. |

This domestic worship of Serapides; for hence its sign from Ptolemy Alexan- imported dria, as it is said in prole- Gomens to the gods of Alexandria.

The Dioscuri standing with their horses. Type Bridge (Sestini Lett. T. IV. p. 101,)

A not infrequent type of nemesis, the Left I met a

. from *

The Sinopians, since many

~

.m) B, L. T. XXVI. p. 456. n) B, L. T. X. Mem. p. 465

392 PAPHLAGONIA.

they are also valid for chronological reasons, to be handled more carefully, who knows Sinope, but the colonies, ple- and it is written in this way: A. or AN. 250 etc., the Epoch used by the Sinopsis was twice as strong as the god they lie Eccas:

Epoch I. from the year V. C, 684., whose the cause of stability was that this year Lu- all Sinopen, which gave birth to Mithridates conquered it, and, as Appianus tra- he says, he immediately issued a free €), not true

. as Vaillantius saw, then immediately co-

lonia was carried out, no one could tell

, dictating rum. Another of his conclusions

we will give pus soon

Epoch II. from the year 5. C. 409. Here He had previously been unbound by scholars for 5 years. C. 705, 706, 707, and was available to them a beautiful title. Pharnaces Mithridates

6. the son of Caesar in the civil war of the Romans

and Pompey being distant, he invaded Pontus, and conquered its cities, which between Si- nope, he harassed with all cruelty. But to them Caesar restored the freedom of the defeated dictator V. C. 707. to Zela Pharnace, whence they saw, and a new one from the Sinopians eoept era, But other gods later com- from the beginning of this new era in the autumn of 5. C. 709. are held, as we shall show, No, then Caesar's victory over Pharnace, and This was another cause of rocky freedom to establish another epoch, but that In short, this year, as is likely, the colo- he received them, and, indeed, leading sare, that not only the title 1g//ae compro-

bat, and that when he was dead he still belonged to him he signed with his head as a founder so, but what is quite clear, many ab. and the cities were inhabited by colonists.

It is pleased to originate from the gods of the 11th epoch, because this Sinopense was commanded by the gods of the to inscribe the bed They are all from Belleyo captured, except when otherwise noted.

In the 11th year of the epoch, from the year Y. C. 709.

AN. XXIII Chapter 1. Caesar's 10th Chapter August, (Mus. Caes.)

AN. 31 The head of Augustus. € Heads of Caius and Lucius Caes, (Mus. Caes.) Of this god ill explain below.

A. 36 The head of Augustus. 10 Chapters Caius and Lucius Caes. (Pelerin: Mel. I. p, 250.) there

AN. 833 Caligula

AN. 100, of Nero. 10 Agrippina's mother three In another: Octaviae. (Pellerin, Mouse, Caes.) |

AN. CHIT, Nero, X Octavia.

AN, 113 of Nero, (Letter of Sestine T. IV. p. 101.) See about this god soon below

120 Titus is still Caesar's.

141 Nerves

AN. 1678, Hadriani.

ANN, 181!1. Aelius

AN. 133 M. AVR. It is true. Slaughter M. Aurelius was still Caesar's. In another: Fau- jun.

AN. 207 Foustinae jun.

ANN. 252 Caracalla

ANN, 250 Getae Aug.

261 Diadumeniani

o) In Mithridatic.

PAPHLAGONI A. .593-

He was carried away from the years that are in the gods of Nerva and Diadumeniani, pa- the epoch could not have been earlier to begin in Y. C. 709, and not po- that the year of Aelius Caes. who further affirms, not Aelius Cal. Jan. V. C. 890. the day he died, which seen by some, but on the same calendar of the following year, he also teaches the year 113, on the statue of Nero with the epigraph man- ca --- CLAVD, AVG. GER --- Him Sestinius wrongly attributes it to Claudius; for then the year 113 to neither era lend Let us therefore read: NERO. CLAVD. etc. - Then the year 113 was added, ed 709. began in the year 5, C. 831, when an- no, Nero was killed in the month, as is believed, Junius, therefore presiding over this god ceasing or ceasing the slaughter of Nero rius patrata, or the year of Sinopensius to have begun somewhat earlier. Year re- liquids easily submit themselves to this calculus, if to follow the reason, what in the description push these thin blades. But the big ma- Froelichius brought the light, Belleyo quo- that, Mazzoleno, and Pellerinius 'ce by his information drawn into parts. For is, com money II. since the year 31 would promulgate P), on the reverse he issued the exhibit the heads of M. Antonius and Cleopas draw (Careful in the place of Cleopatra Octa- Belleius and Mazzolenus 9). When Antony's head was established, when no he could deduce the year 31 from the epoch IL, or, V. C. 709., (for then signed he was a god in the year Y, C. 739. he died a long time ago

your Antonius) was necessary to the epoch I Lucullea, or V. C. 684. to run back, numumque adee Y, C, 714. cusum pro- of course, this slip of his own Froelich um Also in the margin examples which he himself used, and which he now so he corrected his error, as would adhere to me, in the aversion of his god put the heads of Caius and Lucius, and the year 31 not to be led from the year 684. of the era older but from the autumn of 709. era of a more recent one, as 'I come to the coin, of which and we go, it should have been signed by the autumn in the year 739, two years later, than both would be adopted by Augustus. Indeed Khel- This is a new commandment of Froelichius not at all thinking to be aspermed, when they Appendices in 17623. new types re. would take care of the establishment, that of the new edi- he did not fail to insert the And indeed, who I have before my eyes this coin of Froelichius I can confirm myself, both heads to have nothing of Antony or Octavia, but to be childish, such as Caius and Lu- what they deserved

Pelle, deceived by this oracle of Froelichius

rinius, and himself in the numo from the propositions iii. when in the year 36, hence the capital of Augustus, thence he saw M. Antonius and Octavia, Quo He was also forced to adhere, a year in- written from the previous epoch of 684. But

since the god had thus been sealed by the autumhó em V. C. 719., at which time it is sufficiently established, . .

not indeed, as Pellerinius teaches, Octavia, divorced by Antony, (namely V. C, 722.) but clearly not

P) Appendix, II, new 1744. p. 3. q) In whether, Mus. Pis, P. IL p- 171.

(Fol. II.)

Ddd

i 5,

MW TV. E

r CC w E ë ~ 0

394 PAPHLAGONIA.

the author seeks an escape

'Ceasary, more than likely, then

Synopsis about Antony's unrequited love nothing had yet been discovered. But

In this also the heads of Caius and Lucius

I acknowledge, and in the year 36, from epoch 709. guisse under Augustus at the epoch of the Sinopenses cham IL, proves invincible the numus Au- taste brought by me to the Caesarian Museum with the year 244, who if led by epoch 1 684., it would be necessary coin sign born in the autumn of 5. C. 706 to oppose openly, there is no one who does not understand

In the year of the epoch I. from the year 5. C. 684,

AN, 291 Alexandre Sev, (Mus. You kill.)

AN. 350 Maximini, (Mus. Caes.) et The greatest.

AN, 307 300 301 Gor- gods

AN. 335 3384 Philip's sen

AN. 339, Philip Caes, (Mus. You kill.)

AN. CCCXXX, Gallieni (Mus. Caes.)

By the money of Gordianus with the year

307 and Philippi with the year 339, this period remains fixed for a year V. C. 603, or 684. Meanwhile, when from me- According to historical records, Sinopen Y. C. 604. that she had been captured by Lucullus, Belleius and others this very year for the beginning of the era to separate

I will teach you from God twice, Sino- weights, when they were first brought together loni, having just ushered in a new era, she which, owing to recent favors, con- used in one of the gods, so lamen, as prop- they would not forget the old, but To raise it more seriously, - They could of course have one

, and at the same time to use a double time, as

used to be Aniüochen of Syria, of Ascalon tae, and a few others, whom he agrees, double different epochs in one and the same to have signed the god But the Sinopenses tan- then to bring in the air, which the prince at them it was in place, and it seems probable, that both of them were joined together in the proceedings blicis, which marked the space of both to give H. Whatever the cause was, to take away the old acre later, and that perhaps already under Elagalia, of whom they are missing of God, certainly under Alexander Severus.

4E. RR

KING PA4APHLAÁAGOMNIA E.

PYLEMENES We have very few Greek gods re- He was distinguished by the name of Pylaemen a certain Pylamenes king of Paphlagonia already known to Homer (7), he was one of them

in number, that of the Trojans against the Greeks help to spare: j Haphayowos Pjysemo Fivraiperos ra- T108 Yes. : Pylaeme was in charge of the Papalagons

—— M M — € ES

r) Il. B.v. 851

J

THE KING OF PAPHLAGONIA

but they are also remembered kings Pylaemenes in the age of Alexander the Great, and going out Romans, whom you see at Heineccius, to whom indeed All the kings of the Paphlagons saw this Pylaemenes was said to have added some under another name, which is the same in Ptolemy . It was done to the ancient kings of Egypt. Of course not for another reason that region seems to have been called Py- lamenia *). For Nicomedes of Bithy the king of his niece, that he might have someone handsome title, by which the daughter in Paphlagonia re- he would intrude upon him, says Justin Pylamenus Paphiagonus in the name of kings he appeals, and as if he had restored the royal stock the kingdom, he holds under a false name, the same here Ju- Pylaemenes of Stini a Mithridates Vf. direct He was driven away, and was restored to his kingdom then by Pompey, dying the kingdom of Rome manis bequeathed, But Pylae is still higher Menes from Eutropius the traitor who Rome He sent help against Aristonicus.

395

To some of the latter following the gods to claim Numi.

Against the head of the ox. X BAZTAENZ They love it. It's going to get worse. falling ceus AE. III, (Spon. Recherch. p. 307.)

The bearded king's head was prominently bare: back club, X BAZIAEQ 2. IITAAI- He mentions A regular diet ictory of the day AE. III, (Haym. Tom. IL p. m, 55.)

Guesses about the types, and the name ET- See EPIETO at Sponius and who

the whole of the god from the first propositions

He wrote a dissertation, Seb, Faeschius, which also exists in the Greeks of Gronovius Tomo 9, Pylaemenen Amyntas Galatiae of the king F. we have from the Greek marble An- Cyranus, but to whom these gods belong they cannot, when this is established, the kingdom - never: to have joined, as it may be said, in the same Amyntas demigods

AE. RRR.

rad : *

*) Pliny. L. VI. $. 2.

t) L. 37 c. 4.

D d give

369

BITH

PROLOGUE,

The numismatic history of Bithynia because of its numbers, and especially of the epoch to treat knowledge more accurately, Eam In the beginning, the kings, of whom it will be said, held sway among the gods of kings, the last of these Nico- Medes IV. died on the day V. C. 679., or 68o, and according to Appianus 678. 3), who po-

I will inherit the Roman kingdom from you

He left the thread. Then began Bithynia from a husband or consul, or the headquarters of the governor be born

The first Boman magistrate, whom It is C. Papirius who betrays the gods of Bithynia Coal These are autonomous, and apart from the city they write the name: l'AIOT, IIAITIPIOT, KAPB (NOZ). Preferred Type: Roma Ga- happy sitting d. Fictoriola, s. spear written in hell: P()MH, When this ma- the gods of the cities of Bithynia, Ni- casa, Nicomedia, Prusac, and beyond I sent Bithynia 4 to Pontus, and Mastiae Pa- phlagonia, of which we treat in its own place. Some of these epochs are inscribed, which was Bithynic, and indeed a god — Nicaea: BKZ. AKEZ., Nicomediae et Prusa AK 2 not, since they are situated outside Bithynia, and to such an extent that his epoch did not reach these he held This C. Papirium Carbone pre-

Y N I A

<3

had been of Bithynia, he betrayed Dio to an whether V. C. 687. ret, that it was great in that age (xara tor xeoro» éxsyor) care given to the Romans, not those who make themselves accessible to gifts ret, he gives a clear example:

M. Cotta returned from the province of Bithynia

"He was to have been repudiated by C. Carbone

accused, which pleased the Romans so much as this one, even if only in an official capacity functioned, discharged with consular honors but this very Carbon later (úçsesr) the same ruler of Bithynia moved, with nothing more restrained himself he would wear, on the other hand, from the son of Cotta the right was called, and the guilty executed. To these We are indeed taught by the words of Dios, C. Car- that it was good in Bithynia, but when uses vague words: at that age, later which may include several years, de the year is definitely not established, Novimus, M. Cotta had been consul in V. C, 680o., et in the following year he ruled Bithynia.. (Pigh. Sigon From the years of BKZ. and AKĒ. appar ret, Carboni at least in two years ready province 2

The other is C. Vibius Pansa in numis .fpa- my Myrlea and Nicomedia: EIII. Dl'AIOT. OTIBIOT, TANZA, Inscribun- there of the year EAZ ZAX. In one Nicome day Morellius reads BAZ., but correctly con-

a) .Bell, civ. L. I. C, 111.

BITH Liebeus tends, misread B for E 5), which is confirmed by Pellerian | ZAZ. .For it is not likely that Pansa was in praetor of the same province from the year Bi- thynico 232. up to 237. Pansa here the same - is, who consul .V. C. 711. together with col- the legate Hirtius perished in the battle at Mutiny, That he was praefect of Bithynia is another not to reveal the records, it is with Mo- rellius numus NIKOMHAEXQN. Chapter I Caesar naked. 10 EIIL I'AIOT, OTI- BIOT. IANS. Victory marching. (in Fam. Vibia.) Because this is the god Julius He conjoins Caesar with Pansa, whether tiquari as a relief for fixing They used the epoch of Bithynia, but the times of I. Caesar are more vague, and moreover, in the vulgar I see that the learned vary, for Vail- lantius in his pro NIKOMHAEXCN le- git IEPCTAMHN(ON, (Num, Grec. p. 1.) Gallandus NIKAIEQN. i Elected p. 909

* * +

The Bithynic epoch, therefore, with the help of a few of these numbers, also used in con- the number of kings, to be determined, the expenses together with the judgments of various scholars.

Harduinus fixed it at the year 5, C. 442., which was also the beginning of the era of Se- Leucidarum *), only Papirius Carbonis namas with the year BKZ, this sentence overturned, for this Bithynic year re- he pledged in the year 5, C. 663, to which kings

Y NI A 391

Bithynia was still ready for his own, as an argument tis to others-

Lychee 4).

Spanhemius saw the year 5, C. 466. which he endeavors to establish with the help of Syncellus), Eum followed by Froelichius f) because of the money Nicomedes IV, with the year ZŁ., which is cited in the museum of Theopolis, and so that we shall see, Haymian and Morellian cal- against the ass. After all, this is the beginning the evidence known up to now with the head of Vibius Pansa I. of Caesar, whom I recited a little more deeply mouse

The year 5. C. 473. prop- terea, because every year after this cannot be reconciled with the Bithynic year EAZ2., who is in the pus of Pansa £). For if, as Morellius pleased, the beginning of this the year of the epoch would be 476, called Pansa the numus would have been signed in the year 5. C. 710., which

in the year that Tullius Cimbri ruled Bithynia Pighius teaches. I therefore admitted the year of Liebe 473 Pansa would have been EAZ, ZAZ praetor of Bithynia in the years V. C. 707, 708. then 709, praetor of Cisalpine Gaul, No- having here fallen Havercamp, who from Lie- I set the beginning of the epoch in the year Y, C. 476. contends (b), which year itself Liebius strongly opposes his statute 473.

Haymius adopted the year Y. C. 474!). For when he gathered from Justin, Nicome dem H, died about the year 5. C, 660 and the last year in this god's re- He died in 187, he began from the year 5. C. 660.

b) Goth. whether, p. 238 p- 72. edit. Florent €) Tom. 50 p. 515 mother p. 258. - b) Fam. Morel p. 448

c) Chronicle. vet. witness

d) Animadv, in no. old city

f) 1. c. and Not. elem. p. 196. €) Goth.

i) Tom. IL p. m. 56.

398 B I T H

in years 185. to go backwards and forwards, and so he clung to the year 474, which he io chooses the beginning of an epoch, True re- Pellerinius destroys Nicomedes II with the year 188. a day is to be anticipated in one year, and then agree with Liebean, or the death of Nico- meds 2 to be fixed later, j

Morellius in the year 5. C. 470. whom Perizonius followed, as is attested Havercampus k), But this year is valid that it cannot be, will be clear from what follows we will teach :

Which was the decision in this case Vaillantius, I do not quite understand, In his God of families!) that year with Morellius, that is, Y. C. 476., at least as it appears from the heel, for the year 466 is set there for the fall of the printer. Elsewhere he preferred the year Y, C, 473 9),

The last Belleius was once in the year 5. C.

479. adopted, at least «t from his cal- is collected by the ass. (B. L. T. 30, p. 332. in the note), he adhered therefore to the opinion of Lie- bei, Serius. in a singular dissertation, which Dithynic this era in the exam vo- caved, - preferred the year 5. C. 473. (B. L, T. 42 Hist. p. 44) Arguments that he proves his cause, these are, Mor- . Nicomedes is yours [V. in the year 5. C. 68o around autumn, it exists in the museum district the numus of his king with the year OZ, 209 He began adding to the 472 in the autumn V. C. 68o, therefore the Bithyoic era later

in the year 472 he could not be saved, even with the money

in the year 909 he was appointed by Dobis after the king The custom was sealed, the weather could not have been

Y N I A

to begin in the previous year, proves an no EAZ, 435, which above Numis C. We have seen the inscription of Vibius Paesae it is evident, says he, that Pansa was pre- the matter of Bithynia from the middle of the 5th century 707 and to the half of the year 708, in which at the time he left to govern Gaul Cisalpina, therefore if the year 235 be added mouse to 472, it will be necessary for Pansae numum Y. C, 707, accused of confessing, nor to be able to be valid for the preceding year, because then Pansa was not yet in Bithynia, Ex with which he argues, in short, without the head of an epoch I doubt that it was bound in the year 5. C. 472, and that he was himself" to which Nicome since J. wished for a kingdom, a worthy age the reason for establishing the rae

But the whole of Belle's reasoning is true overthrew the god of Nicomedes IV., late in light extended by Sestinius, (Letter T. III p. 146.) to which the year AIÈ is inscribed. 311, two years older than his OZ, 209. Why is this god ruling the epoch at least two years ago It will be taught, additionally, by the husband some things are clearly brought as certain, which, however, to prove, not with effort life, v, c. that Nicomedes IV was dead. in the year 5. C, 680, it happened to others in 5. C. 6528. or 659 to the adherents, also Nico- the same l. came to the kingdom in 5 C. 473 But in addition, other difficulties arise to determine the time at which the prefect in Bi- Thynia died Vibius Pansa, which, already as is clear, from the still uncertain Bithynian era cae cannot be defined in principle.

From this therefore Nicomedes IY. god

pEMNUEDUPMEMMMAA Ann n CC ccc cC CC c c m C cC CC

k) In Fam. Morel p. 343

J), 4 In Fam. Papyri p. 208.

w) Reg. Bithyn. p. 363..

B ITH as we are taught in 2:1, of this epoch the beginning could not be later than the year 5. C. 469 or 470 pte to collapse the sentences of Liebe, Haymius, Morelli, and Belleyi, by which vice but only the conjecture of Spanhemius lacks as we have explained, neither. ta- men or this is so far secure, and ex- to look at other resources, which are so uncertain those with whom the history of Bithynia labors, e toil in the middle

As for the Roman political government in this respect, they teach given to the god Paepirius, whose name is also of the gods of Mastia Paphlagonia, and Amisi Pontus is inscribed, Pontus et Pa- phlagonie part already at the end of the century 17. to the praetor of Bithynia, a city founded that it had been attributed to the flight from Pompey Mithridates and his son Pharnaces entered the Bosphorus after concluding For about this time, as the inscriptions prove the epoch of the year, Papi- the river ruled Bithynia. The other Paphlagonia a part that did not belong to Kuc, which belonged to them had kings After these had been extinguished, Augustus he joined the domain of Amaziah and then it was called éx«eyia Ilovrixy, as Strabo teaches in the year 5. C. 447. even from this year

Amasia Pontus, Germanicopolis, and Neo-

Claudiopolis Paphlagonia his era they began to witness the gods. The same August he gave way to the part of the Pontus Polemonius, who from this was called Polemoniacus, At Polemo II the whole of that tract to Nero

who restored him with the rest of Pontus

There is no doubt that this has been done.

Y N I A. 399

He joined V. C. 8:5 or 816., from which - in the memorable event of Pontus, the cities of Neocae Sarea, Trapezus, and Zela epoch if- from the beginning of the year 5. C. 8:16 From that time Pontus was subject To the proconsuls of Bithynia, the gods confirm the signatories of Nicomedia, in which but that city is called MHTPOIIOAL1Z,

KAI IIPQ TH, BIOTNIAZ.KAI, IION- TOT., and that around the time of Do- Mitiani and "l'rajani. Not long after mu- the secure state of the province, for when ex the first division of Augustus would be 5. C. 727 the province of the senate, for which reason we read them inscribed on the gods proconsu- les, of which soon, Augustus from time to time was assigned, and then vice-consul ambassadors of Augustus were sent into this province for the praetor marbles here and there This was done under Trajan, or still earlier, thinks Norisius "), because in on the marble of Gruteri °) C, Pliny the legate for the praetor "consular power here a He is said to have been sent by Trajan. He denies the truth this Spanhemius P.), when for other reasons reasons, and also because according to Dion 4) Finally, Bithynia from Hadrian to Caesar The province is a torch, but for marble As for Gruteri, he says, not Pliny ordinary, but with extraordinary power into Bithynia to inspect the states a state sent, about the various parts of Bithynia and on the condition of Pontus read copiously tem Belleum *).

Proconsuls of Bithynia in the first Ro- most often inscribed in the reigning century

a) Cenot Pis diss. IL. c, 14

$. 14. r) B. L, T. 30. on 331

9) Pag. 291.

P) Tom. He. p. 593. seq. a4) 50, 69

400 D I T II

be thou the god of the cities of every province. This has been done, though more rarely, in others also the provinces, but that one Bithy- It is proper to the name of proconsuls add the name IIATP/1NO?J, patron, namely, those who were to be proconsuls, the same and to recognize his patrons in Bithynia, Ip- This is confirmed by the excellent epigram mata, which Muratorius preserved °), according to which the various cities of Bithynia to his proconsul, adding IIATPQNI, KAI. ETEPLETHS!, records of gratitude to dedicate This term IIATP()N it was different from the ancient princes received, and on that side the name of the city It was believed here and there by the fathers of Achaia, that done, that all the proconsuls who they have an adjunct, the proconsuls of Achaia from the gods, although contrary to these bus, until this age they had there This client's profession is not sim- it was only complicated, but as conti- we shall see again, it was also repeated, v. g. B. IIATP(NOZ). in the manner in which the archon tes, praetors, etc. to repeat his dignity We see the state here and there in the world. from I agree with many, because this argument I have discussed the fuse elsewhere t). However, at this point in the support of history is all proconsul names, as those under each emperor the bus is brought out in the woods, restored, where it is necessary, a true lesson, I will recite.

EIII. ÞDAAKKOT. EIPHNH, Paz standing d. ca- a leader € NIKOMHAEQN, Head Au- gusli (Pellerin Honey, IL)

. 9) Thes. inscr. p. 1073. seq. He is silent. y) Right Fem. Vitel.

ANOTIIATOT ©OQPIOT.

Y NI A.. :

EIIN ANOTIIATOT, OOPIOT Aper f£--- NOIA NIKOMH. Juvenile head diademed (emerging from the front of two hearts - a cloud (Morelli in Fam, Thoria).

There is no doubt that this autonomous from the same Thorius suitors. signed have field, to which Pellerianus preceded he was unknown, L. Thorius Balbo tri- was, and since in this denarius ca- put compares to Lunon Sispita, also in in the presence of the head of this goddess he said, but with the said head then there is OMONOIA, from analogy from others The head of Concordia was drawn from the gods, as in preceding EIPHNH Peace is proposed. The same medical hand moved Vail- v) was gen- Thoria's surname Flacci, from this pri- We are taught by God.

ENI, - IIOIIAIOT OTITEAAIOT ANOTIIATOT M. NICOMHAEON. in the numo of Germanicus, (Mus. Caes. Vaill. Morelli in Fam, Vitell.)

This P. Vitellius was the uncle of Vitellius Aug., whose works Germanicus in the war He used a lot of German, the same you will eat it when you go to the East eloquence, as Cn. The parricide of the Germanic Peas would be condemned, Himself V. C. 784., as one who with Himself had colluded with Janus, he was killed x), Teaches therefore this god, this same Vitellius that he ruled Bithynia in what year, no agreed It is probable that Vail- lantius y), him from the war of the Germans I will return to the destination with the German

t) Whether, vet, p. 185. =) In Fam, Thoria. x) Sueton.

BITH

Bihynia V. C. 770, and the same this year the German defeated Germany nis would triumph, P. Velikem for his own After being brought to Caesar, the mummies were sent to Bithynia that he took care to strike them with his head, in the year soon after the Germanic secession in the east that he had certainly joined the count,

r. KOHAIOZ BAABOC, ANOTII &- TOŽ. monogram in the area, uncertain he notes whether Nieaea, or Nicomedia, in numo Claudius, (Morelli. in Fam. Coel.) But Vaillantius reads: KOIAIOZ. (Num. Greek p. 13.)

Who was this C. Coelius Balbus, in- discovered

A. MINAIOZ, BAABOZ. ANOTHA TOŽ. The portico, whose epistle is inscribed pinum: NIKAIEQN., in the numo of Claudius. (Morelli in Fam, Mind. Vaillant. Greek.) In others Claudius and Britannicus at both: MHTPO, NEIKO.

Vaillantius, who had three gods with hu- betrayed the right of the consuls in the name of the name Å. that is to say, he gives a hard fall of pogroph He is unknown in history here L, Mindius Balbus. Similar to Span- he gives wrongly after others Co- rintho 2), ~

A. MINAIOZ. ANOTIIATOZ, TIA- TPOQN. A woman walking and looking back d. extended, in the name of Claudius, (Morelli, et in my Num. vet. p. 185.)

Let's take a bow here from all three butwe was the Father of Achaia, as ibid gods, but it is uncertain, in which Bithy- let it be signed in the city, and

Y N I A. i01

L. Mindius Pollion, of whom

die, it belongs, I type a conjecture

I proposed in the same place.

HIM. A, MINAIOT, FIOAATONOZ, ANOTIIATOT, IATP. the head of Pallas im Numo Claudius (Morelli in Mindia, Haymr. T. I. p.230.)

Vilentius under the same emperor twice He gave us, but inscribed: EII. A, MIN- AIOT B(2AANOT, ANOTHATOT. IATP, no doubt, for BC- AANOT read FIOAAIAQNOX., which last read the most accurate Hay- more, and Morellius Ignotus here also L. Mindius Pollio These gods also pass I am a tribute to the Father of Achaia.

EITI «PCIPMOT, ANOTTIATOT. MAA TPX(YNOZ, THZ, MHTPOIHOAE?f)Z. NEIKO, in the name of Claudius, (Veaill.)

HIM. «»P, ITAZIAIHNOT.«bDIPMOT. ANOTIIATOT, B. IIATPQ)NOZ,THZ. MHTP., followed by MHNIKO, in mono- gramme, that is: MHreororis NIKOga- ua, in the name of Claudius. (Pellerin Met, IT, p. 25.)

* --- IIAZIAIHNOZ, d1PMOZ, HAT - - - in the midst of ANOTIIATOZ, and the monogram, which I read: EN. NIKAIA, or NIKO&49sa, in the name of Claudius. (Mus. Caes).

KAATAIOT POTTER Annotia TOT ATP without mentioning the trees, in god of Claudius (Vaill) of the same Au- gustus numo is read at Arigonius, however falsely, KAATAIOZ can DOI Annot HAFTPOZ

2) T. I. P: 592. (Fol. 11)

Eee

2 26 SO

or

TAT ag rtm e : LI ^ : "T i

No 402 BITH

. T. KAIOX. POTÞOZ. ANOTIIA- TOŽ. NIKAIE (1N. Porch, as in nu- Mis Mindii Balbi, in two notables gods, in one of which the head of Claudius in front of which two spikes, in the other a head Messalinae with as many spikes, as epigra- phe:MEZZAAEINA.ZEBAZTH.NEA, HPA. (Pellerin. Rec, III, p, 227.)

This Cadius Rufus lem of Bithynia, teaches Tacitus *): Dam- Cadius Ru- I was against the accusers. Bithynis, - what happened refers to the year 5. C. 002. The same in honor the senator after a long 20 the interval of years restored by Otho- no, the same Tacitus tells b), Numi Mes- very similar salts are proposed by Voillan- tio?), and Morellio 4), except that from both that for I'.KAAIOZ l'EAAIOX is read, which lesson from both the most complete Pel- Jerinianus is to be corrected, as Pellerinius he warns with two lights *).

M. TAPKTITIOT IIPEIZKOT, AN- OTIIATO NEIK. ra, to whom it is written: IIATPOQNOZ. in the shadow of Nero. (Mas. Caes.) P

"Nums similar to these are from various vul- ``Gati, but since they have not been corrupted for a long time

all, their fallacious reading is enormous

brought in monstrous numismatic matters, which I once read at length, and looked at f). Pretentious therefore T Harduini £), and the wonderful formula: EZX «sci- av ANOTIIATOenupy IPATTONTOZ, as it is among the Yeillants, and the Morelli (b)

YNIA

afterwards they will go into exile, teaching this inte" . I carry this statue of Caesar's museum, Hu-

Tacitus mentions the right of Tarquitius 3): Dam-

talus to the same consuls Targuitius Pris- cus to be repeated | You ask the Bithynis. bus, Id factum V, C, 814., a just punishment, as those who VIII. before the years of Statius Taurus At the instigation of Agrippa, the proconsul of Africa Pina demanded and overthrew k). Ambi- until now, have these gods been smitten? of Nicaea, or of Nicomedia,

ENI ATTITUDE AAKONOZ ANOT- IIATOT, NEIKAIEQN, Capricornus,

cornucopiae, hyrsus on the altar, to whom in-

script : NEP(1NOZ, in numo Nero- nis, (Morelli in Fam, Attia, Hist. B. L. Tom. He p. 197.)

The same god is praised by Vaillan tio, but without mentioning rs NEP(1NOJ. From the analogy of the numbers of Tarquitius clearly I am convinced, even in this case pretended to be NÉPAO)NOE. read fA- TPXQNOZ. None of this Attius Lacon wherever I find mention

HIM. M, IIAANKIOT. OT APOT ANOTIIATOT, in the gods of Vespasian.

M. Plancius Varus proconsul in plu- the city of Bithynia is read by the gods, who all offer their heads to Vespasian and they were gathered at Morellium in fa- thousands of Plancia In addition, they have liare, which in most cases is the name of the city next to Vespasian's head is placed. They are ve- ro KAATAL, on obverse: Head of a woman Hebrew (Morelli l. c.) KAATAIO. Eagle

a) Ann. XII 22. b) Hist. I. 77 III p. 277. and Mel, II. p. 27. Fam. He is silent. i) Ann, L. XIV. 46.

e) No. Greek f) Does vet.

d) In Gellia. 8) Num. city p. 124

e) Rec.

p. 187. h) in

k) He is silent. Ann. 12, 59

Bithynia

standing (Ibid.) These belong to Claudiopolis, which was called Bithymium. NEVER, (sic) NEIKAEI, in various types. (Morelli, Pellerin, IIPOTZIEZ. 4ra. (Haym, T. H. p. m. 248). It seems to belong to Prussia then to the sea. HPAKAEQTAN, Head Hercules (Letter of Sestine T. IV. p. 104.) Here Plancius Varus is also read in numo Apamea in Phrygia, at the head of Vespasian,

Vaillantius of this, M. Plancii Vari nu-

still under Titus and Domitian tat, and Morellius gave the money, whose concealed in front, inscribed: M, HAANKIOT OTAPOT, ANOTIIA- TOT, B. THZ, MHTPOIIOAEQSZ. MH. NIKOM, (in Fam. Planc, no. 9.) but when it seems likely, in the foreground and Titus and Domitian Caesar to propose himself to Vespasian they belong . HIM. M. Maikiot. POT«bOT, AN- . OTIIATOT BIOTNIA, Genius Bithy- niae slans with the rudder, in the cloud Vespasiani, (Morelli in Fam. Maecia, Catal, d'Ennery.) and Titus; (in eod. Ca- such.)

The same Maecius Rufus is mentioned in the god of Domitian, but still of Caesar (Morelli, Catal. d'Ennery.) who so It was also signed by Vespasian, in type shield with the spear, he also quotes the same Valiant, but misread MA- PIOT for MAIKIOT, (Num, Greek: p.

35.) From these gods to be corrected - Suetonius

editions in which Melius is written Awfus the commander of Africa!), which widely

*

403

proves Perizonius at Havercampus In the Catalog d'Ennery p. 528. is praised god of Hadrian with the same M. Maecius Rufus suitors, but I fear whom I announce that there should be faith.

EIII.M; ZOTAITIKIOT.TIPOKAOT, ANNOTIAT NEIK, in the numo of Titus, (Vail. ct Morelli in Fam. Sulpic.)

eC €| Emperor Vespasian seems to have something unaltered in Bithynia, and for some time at least EIIITPOIIOZ,, manager, reip. that he presides, teaching this: a god, whom: we will give it soon.

» €: e

Numi with the mention of Bithynia

Only the emperors of this class have we will drink Others of these offer KOINON, or Common of the whole province, all others were signed by the emperor Hadrian; to po- they belong to the liturgical government. But whether you what type

IMP. Slaughter TRA. Hadrian AYG. P. P. Head of Hadrian with laurel. € COM. BIT. Temple 8 col., whose epistle is inscribed ROMSPAVG. AB m. m. (Vail, Mus. Caes) `> ATT. KAIC. TPA AAPIA, CEB: Ca- put laurel or nadum, X KOINON, BEI- OTNIAC, Temple 8 col, AE. m. m. (Mus. Caes, and elsewhere.)

See others like this, but with a fupe Aà-

4tnof in this god.

. cabin CEBACTH; Sabina's head

1) In. Domitian

m) Ad. Morelli fam. I will become emaciated;

Eeee

^

404

coronal spikes X The same reverse, AE, m. m. (Mus. Farn. and Pisan.) In another: The head of Sabina was worshiped alone. AE. II, (Mus. You kill.)

Another, but: Temple 2 col., within good

three female figures rising, AE. m. m.

(Tristan. T. I. p. 414.)

Signed under the command of one Hadrian they are the name of the common assembly of the whole of the province, the witnesses, therefore, without doubt they are singularly beneficial to each one, that To take the Bithynians away from this Caesar. with it stands that Hadrian favored the cause of Bithynia also of Antinous, who was born in the province of Bacchus, Moreover, Dio teaches 2), that Pamphylia had kept Bithynia for herself, In whose honor the temple seems to have been erected in these gods it is difficult to di- vinare, Buonarrotus?), and Mazzolenus P) they think that it is the temple of Hadrian himself consecrated to honor, True this sentence then to deceive at least one part of himself, argues the god L, who teaches, Rome also learned in the society of honor.

^ Weillantius commen-

Tarius teaches that the temple is in Rome and dedicated to Augustus 4). really indulge Octavian also built Nicomedia that the temple of Rome had been built, and for himself, tra- di Dio »), I would give that, if the epigra- phe would be ROMETAYG., such as is in nu- I met with the silver of Pergamum, and the bronze At Lyons, as it is believed, signed, Ve- rum for letters AND cst clear SP not only in Vaillant's presence, but also in the most complete part of the Casarei museum, which he

B ITIHYN - I A.

leaves the difficulty fully untouched, just as if both could be promiscuous to be usurped But in order to make these sentences it was easy to overturn, so the probable liti- ris SP to give the meaning, arduous, Si three female figures of the last god feel whole, perhaps something could be rescued, Tristan sees in them three women, Pal.

Jade, Sabina, and perhaps Chastity.

I refrain from conjecture

«S

The suitors of M. Maecius Rufus, when ca- see Vespasian's piety and the addition of BIOTNIA the proconsul above in heaven.

EIL A, ANTONIOT, NAZOQNOZ, EIMTPOHOT, BIOTNIA. A woman a. Gu holding a barnacle, in the guise of Vespasian, (Haym. T, H. p. 247.)

Enıreors, agent, in no other mention is made of a certain old god, of whom we will play a role elsewhere, Type not For- a body, as Haymius pleased, but a genius or indicates the symbol of Bithynia; for a similar woman also appears in heaven ADVENT VI, BITHT- NIAE From this point it seems to be corrected a wonderful epigraph, as from the god of Domi- Vaillantius proposes thus to the tians *). EMI IIPO, EMIAIOT, ANT(XINIOT, NA- ZANNO. This is all the more certain because he says the type is ciypess with a bee or a spear, which is also a type of god Maecii Baf procomsulis Bithymeise, as

We saw above the same mummy in a different way

n) 50, 69, $. 14. T. IL. P* 138. r) L, LI. § 20

9) Observation p. 22.

P) Mouse, Pis, p. 30. 4) Whether, prest.

s) Whether, Greek p, 25

B ITH

reads Hardaious, -and no less unjustly, and Rhodes transfers t).

ENI ANT NOTHING IIP, CEB, before B, KL (sic.) IIONTOT. Diana huntress, in the image of Faustina sen, (Haym. T. H. p. m. 384) -

Too suspicious a lesson for me. I don't even try It is a Greek name, not a human sal- tem learned easily. Then B rium, which was marked BiSvsa, and KI. for KAI, of course, by mistake of the mints, which

they are less favorable to me, although after all:

It is clear that Bithynia and Pontus are under one that he stood as a rector, of whom we have spoken deeper I suspect that the epigraphs were misread that is to say, it is so much more aggravated, that the gods we have Antoninus Pius; HIM, ANT. ZH- N£XNOC, IIP. CEB, ANT, «PIAHIIIO- JIOA€IT. (Mus. Caes, Pellerin Mel. II, p. 357.) If we compare the twin inscriptions tion, we shall easily discover, to be one the same, but the Haymian nume to have been less whole, present Faustina sen. money, who otherwise, the emperor also signed Antoninus tus, that Pbilippopolis belongs to Tbracia, all ambiguity is removed.

Alyatt A. A little known town of Bithynia. Autonomous,

His head was gallows. 10 AAT. or AATAT THNQON. Lyra, AE,- VII I forbid it. Penelius once ex meassp

le Bret published, but only AAT. noted

YNIA A05

and gives him to Alyattis of Bithynia ») A few years later I smoked the hose itself restored, but in it he reads more fully: AAT- ATTHNXYON x=). This latter joy if true, there can be no doubt about this god to these Alyattes of Bithynia I was a tribune. That if the AAT reading is valid, I would prefer it to Aly- ziae Aearnanisee nearer the type of the lyre to attribute, because that tract was a sin of Apollo It was just a matter of time, but I said

mouse -- APAME 4. I went to the Propontis after Rhyndacus. Autonomous

AT THE SAME TIME Apollo's head with laurel. X TON. MTPAEANZQN. Lyra, from below nut ZA E. AE. IL (Pellerin.)

AIIAME(QN. MTPAEAN - - Chapter juvenile laurel 10 BILI, UAIOT, OTIBIOT, IlANZA, Lyra, below the year BEAZ, AE. III. (Liebe p. 238.)

This city was the toast of Strabo and others previously called Myr/ea by Myrlus Celophonio- rom the guide, as Gtephanos reports, but err- it was from Philip V. king of Macedonia, and gave Prussia to the king of Bithynia, who I was driven by the sleep of my wife he called, because the gods were present very clearly Eustathius confirms that it is so called contended by the wife of Nicomedes Epipha- nis Y).

AE. RRRR.

Àpamese colonies do not exist from Ne-

rene seque to Valeriensm, st Gallie-

'9 Mum. city in Akedue. y) To Dionysus. v. 918

a) No. Cistoph. p. 39.

2) Mem. Trev. 1137. October

&o6 B I T H

or, whose whole catalog vit cl, Sestinius 3), whom among the he is the most genuine, if only ^ cites a private seo, inscribed IMP. DID. CAESAR IVLIANIS, AVG. M. SCAN TILLA AVG.

Epigraph: C. Y. €. A, Vaillantrus nu- the customer thus inscribed gives Cartkagini As- Tiguae, Harduinus already Caesaraugusta Spain, already at Corinth. Ast Belleyus con- bearing epigraphs in other fuller writings ra: C. I. CA, -— C. 1. C, A. APA, —— at finally: COL. IV. CONC. AVG. APA he drove out all these gods Apa- to be attributed to me, and indeed to this Bithy- nay, for there is no other city in Apamea given the name it is clear that the colon niam *). In what year it was launched, no it stands Strabo already calls it a colony, Because seems to be the epithet of Julias Augustus had Augustus as its founder.

More illustrious types: Genius added: GE- NIO P. R. In another: DIANE, LVCIF. The goddess was walking with each hand one by one He prefers torches, Diana is divided into Sophocles Appinuesç P), that is, as the old man explains grammarian: I guide, I spread the torch with my hand wears the same as Hecate

. Mr. Mr. that is. I decided about MORLIONII is added to all, AE. R.

Bl THYNIFM; that and CLAF DIOPOLIS

Ptole- And

l Mediterranean in Maryandini. maeus: KAev)jotohig 4 xus BiSvstios,

Y N IA

Bio 9): ò qae Arrevoog s» ut» éx BiSve nosos BiSvysidog , yr xai KAavS91on0Nm xa- Rough For Antinous was born in Bithynia city of Bithynia, Guam and Claudiopolis vo- camus

And we have a man in the name of this city

gods Autonomous

They exist only in the name of Bithynia, was signed earlier than that city by Clav- God would take the name for himself.

BIOTNIEQON, Head of Bacchus, X II. DPAIOT IIAHIPIOT, KAPBONOZ, P(YMH, sitting in Rome, AE. Il. (Vail. Morel in Fam. Papyri.) i

The verb of this genus is Bi9vr; cuc, like of the province of B. Svoc, De Papyrio Carbone we acted as a Roman magistrate Menis to the gods of Bitbynia.

AE. RRR.

To the emperor.

Claudiopolis and Bithynia also exist mine, I foretell the gods with the former epi- graph, because these are only in the previous im- the currency of the pursers was worth it.

In the name of Claudiopolis,

Known from Vespasian to Antony whether at least in certain countries.

Epigraph : KA ATAIOTIOA IC. KAAT-

AIOMOAEWG.KA ATAIONOAEITON..

There were several Claudiopolises, one Bithy- nieces, the other; Isauria the fourth part of Cappadocia, or Armenia noris, the fifth according to some anti-

LA d

.*— 3) Letter P, TE qp. 11. e) L. 69, $. 11.

a) .B. L.: Mem, T. XXV. B. 105..

by Trachin..v..218

the third of Galatia

B ITH

the complaints of Lycaonia. To which of these five belong to the gods thus inscribed, to find out, what fifth I said, now which existed, except by conjecture of no antiquities, as in Lycao- nia we will prove, the fourth seems beyond The limits of the numismatic world are set, the third Galatia, if ever it was, was a lowly one. and known to one Ptolemy, and perhaps from this confused with the other of Bithynia, as he thinks Cellar, therefore there remain two sliüe a putting me in the first place, not to be forgiven in reviewing the gods of this city, Vaillan- his yawning, with those whom in his The work of the Greeks on page 23. 34. 43. the same pages 198. tor, so as to be sufficiently apparent, the opinion brought forth by him rashly and unadvisedly. I- on the other hand, Harduinus has no certain reason some to Bithynia, others to Lycaonia he calls The coin of Domitian's plate, which he only quotes, transfers to Isauria, No those to whom Isauria pleased spent the eloquent position of Ammianus acting on Clau- of the city of Isauria Claudius Caesar, therefore, in these gods who are all later to Claudius, except there would be no mention of the colony if it were for this one The Isaurians belonged to Claudiopolis, why all Claudiopolis of Bithynia in safety, which one still remains, they can be given, of course the god "Vespasian inscribed KAATAIO, and with the name of M, the suitor of Plancius Vari. of which we spoke above in the prologues Bithynia, our Claudiopolis they say

asserts that it is Claudiopolis of Bithynia,

YNIA 402.

Nami has so far been identified with the epigraph Claudiopolis offers the heads of Vespasian Domitian, Hadrian, and Antoninus. Har- the gods of Gordianus and Tranquillina

.with the epigraph KAATAIOIIOAITON .

He made it public, but besides that he did not of the type, nor does he add the mention of the museum faith also falters, because from Ha- Drianus, as we shall soon see, of this city at least all the gods are known by the name of Bithynia they were sealed with the old one. l

Neocoratus is also unlucky both of them, and indeed Harduinus from nu- mo Antonini: KAAVAIOIIOAECIT4)N. NEWK, Be enough to weaken faith, The author did not like the coin, but corrected it only reading Occon MTAIOIIO- A€CITXfYN, but obviously, not for the better. Vaillantius brought out the coin of Caracalla in written: KAATAIOIIOA€CIT()N.N€£), There is a god here with Tristan, but in where it is read NEO., not NER., and that this is Neoclaudiopolis of Paphlagonia

I warned the gods of this city, And indeed if

this city would have been neocora, had he not left it the mention of this honor in the gods signed by the riorius Bithynius. Whence it follows, certain gods of this city when . The name of Claudiopolis did not extend beyond An- tonino, and even the vulgarity of this nu-

to be of doubtful faith, as soon as di-

be sure

" by him). +. 9

Epoch in one hitherto deprecated god it is tight. This is what Domitian called him

. .PMA, (Mus. Caes.) So let the beginning wave

è) L. XIV. chap. 8.

hen B. I T H

epochs Iatra years 691 and 706, See-

r Cleuwdiepolia used the Ceaserian acre, unless he had another of his own. 4E. B.A.

| To the emperor.

Nostwne Bsthndi,

Bithynü's seed is an ancient revival Abolished, even in heaven, Claudiopolis term, I write BEIOT NIE (YN. BI. OTNIE€(N. His cause seems to have been Ha- drismos, who hes Dihywmiemees on account of born with them his Ántimoum He loved his own with a derived affection Mantrmemses Aremdóoe, because sb these Bi- thynians eriuwdi fuese, ut sopra iz /fr- we will teach those Pemsanias, And as the same Hadrianes Manimensibue, who in Amigo the defendants gratisrn Antgenenses. to call himself, there was an augur, the old Mana- to restore the names of tiàea, so the same God

Thynjensibas seems to have persuaded his cousins, -

Of course, the first epigraph of Bithynia preferring to send it to Amine. But can be complained about neta was fully abolished. €Claudiopolis name? I owe a cause. does Antoninus wenvus? when by the name of Clewdiopel, and by the type of cluster, which vulgarvit Veillunttas, But videtar hie perpe- that Ram Antoninus had seen for Hadrian, Of course, Mardui is ruled in a similar museum he recognizes the head of Hadrian. Then he himself once the statue of Antoninus from the Caesarian museum I published the inscribed AAPIAN.N, BI- OTNIEON. my beloved city's scum and Golke- nw, eni rari, signet? they are, therefore he desires -

Y NI A

henceforth from Hadriam in the heavens ap- the expulsion of Claudiopolis, though again later the name itself prevailed; at do ceat Nettiae, lünerarie, ct Constitutio Justinian °).

Ás*inoi numi are inscribed: H, FIA- TPIC. ANTINOON OEON, AAPIA NSN BIOYNIESNN, Of course, as dizi- mus, these usbs to Astino's country, See about these names of Antinous, would be memorable mouse, which Vaillestius from the museum of Christ he cites, i» quo: Cwput Commodus. X Head of Antinous lw this wamo, which ad- I personally explored Rome, or the capital Hercules' youth, qwod in others also hujas the name of the city under Commodus percus- . sis exists, im eapat Antinius is rebuilt, awt Aniinoas is not at all, but himself Hercules, the work is very rude,

from "^ o

The city called itself Hadrian because of its beneficence. cia, which by Hadrian Antinius his grace she took it away. Thus it is still written in the sky Gallieni

AE, RR.

CAESAREA Mediterranea between HRhyndacum fl et

. Olympus the mind, before; S'myrajea diet -ant &mprdiane,

Antonene:

O€ON, CTNKAH, (taps? malebre tur- I will break X. KAIZAPEIAZ A wild arrow the crown AE, 11, (Pellerin.)

———————— ————— —Á—RIÓ GP QÜ ERREUR SR

«€) Novell, XXIX. title 8.

B I TH

I caught a woman veiled tower x KAIZAPEQN. Arrow, in the mono area gram AE. TIL (Sestini Lett. T. IV. p. 203.)

To him Caesarea gave his money while Pellerinius thinks. To be observed in with the same nume € on one side and C on the other E and È. r AE. BRRR.

of the Empire.

They are with the head of Augustus, Lucius Caes. Claudius, and Nero, great to this city he intended evil cl. Sestine, when he to be sanctioned, all his gods will be restored dgs Trallibus f), But act more gently with her while I judged from the reasons which in money We'll give it a try. Namos, therefore, of this Caesarea we decide as follows:

OTHIAIOZ. IIX)AAIQN. KAIZA- PEQN. The naked head of Augustus. 10 MEN ANAPOX IIAPAZIOT, Temple 8. sol., it is the area of capricorn and caduceus. Published by Goltzius, (Num. Aug. Tab. 74.) and the like proves that it is genuine following

IIOAAIQN. KAIZAPEQN. Head Augusli naked. X The same reverse, AE. I1, (Morelli Num, Aug. Tab. 41. n. 21.)

OTHIAIOX, KAIZAPEQN. Head August naked, put ZEBAZTOZ. X MENANAPOZ. IIAPPAZIOT. Head Thursday. AE. TII. (in my Num. vet. p. 176. Pembroke P. II. Tab, 83.)

"XIIAPPAZIOZ MENANAPOT, Ca- put the laurel of Augustus 10 KAIZ APEQN. Figure

/

YNIA A09 standing naked d. a bowl, 3. a caduceus, AE. III. (Pellerius.)

These gods will be discussed more fully in the work cited, from which I summarize some ex- I will pick

Among them is mentioned the famous Jos. dius Pollius, mentioned here and there by writers

Vedius Pollius, a libertine, and second

Pliny from his friends. Divi Augustus, His He also mentions the praised marble. a Grutero £8), and the Athenian marble re- cens published by Chandler hb). O. AHMOZ, IJOIIAION. OTHAION. IIOIIAIOT TION. IIOAAIQUINA, Futoriundus ex Caesarea of Bithynia, no doubt is, obtained by him, as what Smyrna lea was formerly called Caesarea he would shine with the name, So also Bithynia through An- Hadrian's name was added to the name

Of course, this city was neither before nor after

She was famous, because she and her friends it teaches necessity; argument, self-time that the splendor of the river was due to one Veidius, whom he almost resembled his patron they alone loved the Bithynians, in their gods pro-

put In the reign of Emperor Hadrian, an earthquake

Eusebius teaches that she was severely afflicted. The name of this Caesarea is more serious in the Notes runs back, | It is also a copious amount of slip on I admitted to the explanation of these gods. Spanhemius ro OTHIAIOZ interpre- Ovidius was silent, and his head was set said that it was his poet, that Au- it is to taste, as is evident from the addition of ZEBAZ- TOX god III. It was a mistake. nu-

f) Letter T. IV. P 59. 8) Pag. 224. 3. b) Inscr. ant. p. 52.

(Fol. 1i.

. 1) In the Chronicle, F ff

e

M10 BITH

another similar mouse, which was carried inscribed ftus: OTHIAIOX NAZQON k), At frau- Massonius discovered it in a singular dissertation tion inserted in Tome IV, Ovid. eat Amstel. p. 121. For he warns, later which he subjected to a new examination, a forgery the term KAIZAPEQ N in NA- Know that the ZQN has been translated, and also where instead of pag. 137. testifies, little exercise

and that there was a great Spanhemium in the dis-

distinguishing genuine gods from counterfeits Spanhemius, prone to another error, is the same the head of the god TIL, which I said to Jupiter, pro- pter term IIOAAI14QN in other hu- that the right of the genus was written by the gods of Assini Pollius Augustus was also arrested. can drink since both names are the same See Pollio. Therefore, none of these we have either Ovid's gods, or Pollio's no portrait, | ~ In the likeness of Vaillantius and Hardui- nus for OTHIAIOZ, they read wrongly KOTIIEAIOT, The same Vaillantius, and after him Harer the field!) these gods of Caesarea Palae- to fasten the sealed vessels, which slip already noted Harduinus ™) and Pelleri- nous "). lam only that which in these Mention should be made of the god Veidius Pollio, them to this Caesares of Bithynia claims.

* + *

KAIZAPEZ4N. Capricornus, in heaven Lucius Caes, (Vaill.) AETKIOT KAIZAPOZ Pictorial X

YNIA

KAIZAPEQN. eagle, (Pellerin Suppl. II. p. 46.)

There seems no doubt about this being of this Caesarea, in the first of August there is also the god whom I have described above capricornus, Numum another Pelleri He gave Caesarea Palestine, whose yet I see no definite cause, Ty- pus speaks of the worship of the eagle Jupiter, which was particularly observed at Caesarea of Bithynia, praised by Augustus the god teaches.

+ from

The heads of Claudius and Messalina science, X BPETANNIKOZ, KAIZA- PEON., himself standing unarmed, AE, 11 (Mo- rell Impp. T. II. p. 57.)

Vaillantius also pointed out, but him It is mistakenly removed to Palestina (in Or, Messalipae.)

& * *

KAIZAPEQN. AAPAXIOX Jupiter tans, in the name of Nero Caesar, (Pellerin.)

This is the cause of Caesarea inscribed the magistrates, whom other Caesarea in They did not call the coin, but Sestine named AAPA2Z/IOZX. to understand He struck the ship of Larasius, but less so certain, as it is said in 'Trellibus, Hac even the gods will no doubt perish. KAIZAPE(QN, Bundle of 4 spikes: or: Pallas wielding a weapon, whom again Vaillantius gives Palestine, another type

k) T. L p. 63. 54 and in Addend. p. 719. 1) Imp. Morel T. 1. p. 498, m)

Pop. p. 38. n) Mel. II. p. 12.

BITH

| it is certain that he is marching with the same Cymes Aeolides, as I will advise here. With Nero they cease to be certain of this city gods hitherto known. He added, however and Vaillantius with the head of Caracalla: KAICAPEQN. KIBTPAT (N, which in- to tell of a concord between these Caesarians, and Cibyratas of Phrygia asserted But this instead of ro KAIZAPE()N is the appellation of honor lation, as we say in the gods of the Cibyretes.

from 9

Magistrate, as we have seen, the currency in- to write, in the name of Augustus: MENAN- APOZ, with the addition of ITIAPAXIOT, namely pa- three names In Nero's god AAPA ZIO., At Feidiwe Pollio the magistrates he is not, but rather a patron, as above we said AE, RR.

^ $ -

CHAÁALCEDON.. j

illustrious Vrbs to the Thracian Bosphorus, called wrós of the blind, because the Megarians who would build a city, worse than this then they chose the more comfortable trans the Bosphorus in another, and afterwards went to Byzantium seasoned, see besides others Tacitus °),

Autonomous

They are listed as KAA, KAAX, but recently more powerful, as well as more fully imperial: KAA- XAAONIQN. With writers it's me- For they write the letters K and X at the same time XaNuóer, Dialectus Dorica H in A con- turns It also keeps the shape of the numbers

*

o) Ann. XII. 63.

theme

lyres within a square 4).

P) Gori Inscribed. T. IL p. 255

Y N I A. 411

the Latin marble, which Lucullus he praises the standing, in which is the CALCHADONA P). Goltzii XAAKEA XN certainly fails, for

in the likes of Arigonians it is usual KAA-

XAAONICQN. Begeri XAA also fails KHAN, so to speak. . O

+ + II

I took a naked bearded man, X QOuadratus formless Av. IIl. (Pellerin.)

- The head is similar. € KAAX, wheel. AR. no. (Pellerin.)

KAA., Ox standing X Square inctomn, AB III. (Mus. Caes.)

KAAX, Ox standing at the spike. X Square then impaled, AR, almost Il, (Pellerin.)

Pellerinius was the first of these, and none other

cause, except that a similar head should drink to him,

which is in numo IL, Chalcedon pu- tat The remaining three, who without doubt of this they are of the city, they prefer the old In the figure II, the letter K is of the form more insolent than you have on my couch ge I. p. 33.

, I encountered the rest of the autonomous type,

: + $

. Concord. with Byzantium in the country they indicate that the god is inscribed BTZAN.

KAAXA.

zanti *

: '* + ;

Begerus published a book when he pre- inscribed with the epigraph XAAKHA AN, and in type But to be him Chalcis Euboes, already saw Pelleri- new

Av. doubtless, AR RRR. 4E. RR

«4? Thes. Bro. T. I, p. 486. F ffs

412 BITH He reigned.

Of silver max. mode with the head and

"the epigraph of Lysimachus, king of Thrace,

which I published from the museum of Savorgnan 7), I a mouse in the bosom of this king.

Imperatoriti

: From Trajan to Tranquillina Epigraph constant K AAX AAONI (QN., but Vaillantius generally suppresses KAA-

XAA£LNIOQON,

Type in the worship of Apollo. generally

are busy And indeed the most ancient Chal- |

It is attested that his temple stood at the yield Lucian *), why frequenting these gods a lyre, an iripus wrapped in a serpent, a gryphon. Often he himself is borne aloft by the swan,

that the swans were the attendants of Apollo,

and singing men, before they became birds Lucian tells the same thing, and Cyrene, joined by Apollo's swans The daughter of Hypseus was brought to Libya, he reports Pherecydes "). Witness Nonno 3). Aveny Y iphiepeo Anoan, Ka nTigong REROTNTI )aunQ?» RTEEIEITAÇ Qig ug Edos dyar xvxvowo. Apollo threw the lyre And winged FEHRINCME flew away: winged qpgittas Having the form of a swan. M:

. Finally, according to Socrates, they are swans The servants of Apollo, and the art of divination endowed, and sing more sweetly at the moment of death you, because they are happy, lest he should be joined to his own.

Y N lI A.

*. + *

Officials lIfIC(YN without mention dignity in the deity of Antinous, ASERNE) 4E. R.

candles

4utonomsm inscribed KIEPE. skin Rinius attributes the Prusias to Hypius, which the sentence below in the forest of Presias ad we will refute the sea.

citizen | See the names written in this name. fra in Prussia by the sea. `-CLAFDIOPOLIS See more about Bitcoin. CRATIA. See soon in Flaviopolis. EREBOE A.

Emperor Commodus: EPEBOICQN. Hercules standing, But Ptolemy, who in the dark of this city among the inland He mentions Bithynis, and calls her Eerphoros. Moreover, this god is praised by no one else is given, except by Vaillantius and Har- duino

AE, RRRR.

Flaviopolis

Mediterranean, once called. Cratia, Kea- Tuz, but the gods write Kenr, perhaps Benice Called later Flaviopolis, in

r) Num. vet. p. 62. s) In Pseudomant. tj De Electro. u) Schol, Apollonius

to L. IL v. 600. - =) Dionysus. L. Il, v. 218

y) In Plato in Phaedo

B I T H but the god is almost old under a new name is constantly added. In the lower age alone the appellation seems to have been in ancient use, as appears from the Constitutions and No- titiis, - |

of the emperor

From Severus to Gallienus.

Epigraph: KPHTIE£YN. PAAOTIO- IIOA€ITON..- KPHTIA,. (« DAAOTIO- IIOAIC., in the single god of Caracalla among the Vaillants KPHTIEQN only.

- Typi obvii, Apud Liebeum 7): Sa/yrus . caprices, or Pan himself standing in robes. d he seizes a leaping finch, s. feet and you will take off the hen, it | 4E. RR

Germanicopolis

Are there any gods in this city of Bithynia?

giving, discussed above in German the town of Peplilagonia

. HADRIAN

Mediterranean to Olympus M. that they teach the gods, but the situation is less certain, which was the reason why some My- for the cities of Olympus were set on fire at least as far south as Mysia go See more about this in my Numis vet, p. 179., and among the Masons in the life of Ari you spend $ HI. | E

| No

Y NIA A413 11€PCC. AHMOC, Head of juvenile laurel.

$ AAPIANE€ ANN. Fortune standing, AE. 2,

(Pellerin.)

AE. RRR.

He commanded

From Hadrian to Salonina. Epigraph: | AAMPIANQN. AAPIA N€XQN, a different way of writing here He refuses to adhere to any of the many of this tract of town from Hadrian these nu-

my, but for the gods in both ways

the writers conspire against the archon and sometimes even type, but that's it there can be no doubt about both of these Hadrian's belonging to Olympus, Diversity writing AAPIANNN, and AAPIA- NENN does not argue about different cities, for it is likewise read TTANON,- and TTA. N€QN, then NIKAEON, and NIKAIEQO.N. See also this reference in the next Ha- Dresden

Very different types, but argumentative I met

AAPIANQN. TTXH A woman's head Turret, in the god M, Aurelius. (Vail- lan.)

Like Lucilla Vaillantius Adram- nis of Coelesyria, I do not know to whom, he gives Perhaps in both the legend AAPAH- NO, so that these gods are Adraae Ara-

Of course, the same thing happened in nearby Bostra

Autonomous,

Protome of Aesculapius. X AAPIANECQN. Telesphorus standing, AE. Mi. (Mouse, Cat.)

rit epigraph, same type.

» * ^x *

HM

x) Pag. 318

v

hil

Judges.

' Arckon APX., also A. TO, B. read in the gods of Aurelius, Valerian, and Salonina. (Vaill. Arigoni.)

Praetor: €Ill. CTPA, AIOA PIAOZ. TOTK, (sio) I. 10TA. AAPIAN (sic) Antoninus, (Pellerin. €III. CTPA. ATP AOA. TIPOKAOT AAPIANE- QN, Elagabali, (Mus Albani.)

#1 * +

* Mestion situate: AGPIANQN, IIPOC. OAT. OATM. OATMIION, isolen- yours: AAPIANEQN. EN OATMIIQ, in the numo of Hadrian, (Sestini Lett. T. IV. . P, 103.) from 8

Agreement with the neighbors of Nicaea, and Cyanis 4E, RR.

HADRIANOPOLIS

Vaillantius and Harduinus are all gods hoo `` inscribed in the name of Hadrianopolis to adjudge Thrace. But having known We do not have certain gods, who are of certain kinds the indications of his currency are to be deducted, as it will be immediately clear.

Anthony:

Head of Pallas X AAPIANOIIOA1. TON, God of the Moon standing d. - - - s, caste AE. II. (Hunter.)

Month portraits in the currency of the Euro cities unaccustomed to the feet, but accessible to the gods the cities of Asia Minor.

| of the Empire. AAPIANOIIOAEIT QN. AND BZ, Dia. #a venatriz , in the god of Severus, (Vaill)

Bithynia

In "This coin belongs to Thrace Vyviius and Pellerinius would rightly deny for the cities of this coin to be the years of the epoch, it is not agreed, Acce- , he says, it seems strange at all, from so many Ha- Dryanopolis of Thrace if all things abound, this one is the only one a remarkable coin of the epoch. Why when others were outside Thrace Hadria nopoles, one of these manifestly respi- a hundred

AAPIANOIIOACIT ON. €III, CTPA.- CANAIAOT Jmporator standing by Then Pallas, clothed with an Indian woman d. am- bearing the phorum, in the god of Hadrian, (Pel- read Rec, HL p. $10.)

Praetors of Hadrianopolis "Thrace im He had no gods, but governors, 4yt povag

AAPIANOIIOA,APX, AIOPANTOT, AAER, Fictoria gradiens ¿n area CE. in the god of Alexander Bev, (Pellerin, 1, c.)

Again, Hadrianopolis stands against the Thracians archon officials, and even letters CE., if only these epochs no year so much

To which then he cites Hadrianopolis whether the gods belong here, we must inquire. Fx to some, which with this name outside Ea- are mentioned in the rope, that Hadrianopolis, - which from Hierocles and the Bithynian notices it is considered, at least one or two of quoting here the god seems to be vindicating there. Some of the cities of Bithynia and to propose various officials in the forest. But hardly to one and the same city they will belong to the gods in place II. and llf, lav given, because that magistrate is said to be pre- tor4 of this archon, unless perhaps the same city

Bithynia

at the time Hadrian had a praetor,

Alexander's father, the archon, as soon as the same

we saw above in Hadrian, and we shall see below in Hadrianotheri and Nicomedia. don't which may be the gods of the same city. and Ill., if only ro CE, numi Ill; epoch notes It is difficult to be certain about these gods to decide, since it is still a little the number of rums, and those few, none certain they offer a criterion; because there were more Hadrianople There is no doubt that you were many cities, which were attached to the im- to take any name of the executor, without de It is clear to us, who of us would know Stratonicea Caria Hadrianopolin quo- which I would have said, unless Stepha had asserted that nut, and numus. recently discovered is he tired? Let it not be cast in fact, one or both of these gods may be able to belong to a certain city, which for some time he went by his old name a new knowledge has been used. Why, as the truth to be more certain, there are still others to be expected availability of numbers

ud * +

Epoch B3, Vaillantius, Harduinus, Froelichius led from the year V. C, 885, Id certain, to whomsoever Hadrianopolis here Se- the god of truth must be tried, the prince of the epoch to fall within the years of the reign of Ha- _ Driani, by whom that city was either founded, or the name is restored, or adorned with favors He received the introduction of a new epoch, In the area of the gods read C€,, which letters from the rest of the era to testify, by which agreement we have another

415

Hadrianopolis; for one and the same city which in Severus' numo signed the year BZ. in the name of Alexander CE can't write protects

- * e &

They were those of Hadrian and Hadrianopolis they thought it was a city. Among these was Ca- role from St. Paul, but who in subjects Lucas Holstenius corrected the known law a), in in which Fabricius erred. (Bibl. Grec. L, IV. c. 3o, p. 376.) I will abstain from them, in the Notices clearly between both are distinguished. Pellerinius cit, Hadrians to Olympus also Ha- that he had signed the coin in the name of Drionopolis b). But it does not seem probable, Hadrianus al- I will use this name, which name in force Cinia was another endowed city,

HAÁADRIANOTHERAE.

Vrbs inland, and, as from the Notes it is argued, in the vicinity of Hadrian Mysia, unless it was actually situated in the bac, for most of the authors put it here. with was endowed by Hadrian, as the name suggests, and A Spartan is witnessed in his life: Town Hadrianotheras in a certain place, good there he had hunted successfully and killed the bear, sometimes he established: And God *) xe: norw i» ty Musia ônus Agian yeas durny oaivo.ac e» , el founded in Mysia the city Ha- he called Drian's hunting, Vous added Cedar

Autonomous

Head of Hercules with club, €: AGPTA-

a) Geogr. sacred p. 252

b) Rec. II. P: 20

c) L. 69 10.

A16

NOOHPIT ON brock.)

]J€PA. CTNKAHTOC, Juvenile head. i£ The same epigraph. standing up . AE. II. (Pellerin) ` AE. RRRR.

Leo AE. He, (Pem-

To the emperor.

From Hadrian to Philip.

Epigraph, as in eutonomis. In the sky Severus max. mode at Arigonium The name of the city is written AAPIANO- OTPTT2ON, a double mistake; more directly in a statue very similar to the Alban museum, the same that of Severus: AAPIANOOHPETTQON, as so let us have a double city gentile, Aĵ- gicvoS eTe, as here and there, and AdgiavoSweevT rc, and that is right, for it is AdeiavoSyea. Ha- the hunting of Drian, and AOeiasoSuesvruc. Hadria if the hunter

More illustrious types: The bear's head, which re- carried to the bear by Hadrian in the hunt destroyed, as we said, Caps! apr io mo Anthony, written next to: AAPIANOT, OHTA Hadrian's servant, as he reads, and inter- the author of the Museum of Theopolis. Who doesn't? sees that it should be read here AAPIANOTOH- PA, and so his beautiful interpretation completely worn out?

» + e

Magistrate Yaillantius in the god of Dom- Nae reads. EIH. AIOTENOTC. AP. Whence I learned that he was an archon of this city official But Pellerinius in his pair of the same Lady, and with the same aver- and in the type of Severus the knight reads: CTP. AIO

Bithynia

Mr. NOTC. (Mel. H. p. 139.) Pellerioñ He confirms the judgment quoted from Arigonius The deity of Severus, in which: ERMI, C. IIAN. KPATIOT AIOI €ENOTC, Ergo preto- that city, at least in the age of Severus, for having had her later as an archon, cet deity of Vaillantius with the head of Philip sen., unless perhaps the man sleeps here too standing, in which: EII ATP. CCOKPATOTC APX A.

AE. RR

HERACLEA

Maritime in Maryandini, a colony of Mega- of Renes and Tanagrae, whence in pumice the beloved Doric, though not con- He was able to stand up, as we shall see. To be built Boeotian, with the advice of the oracle, tells at length the lu- stomach d). It was once a powerful city, which he also had his own tyrants, whose nu- we will publish below. The fate of this ur- see twice Memnon *) and Buonarrotus f).

Autonomous:

TON. KTICTAN, Protome of Hercules. club added to diademed head, X HPA- KAE€(YTAN. - - IIONTÓ), Hercules Cer- then drawing the rope, near the sign of Cere- rice on the base AE. m. m, (Pellerin. Suppl. HI, p. 81.)

But another with the epigraph HPAKAE. QTAN MHTPOIIOAITAN. (Harduin. : No. city p. 67.)

These gods teach, Heracles from Hera cleotis was the founder of the habit, but the type explains Mela about this Heraclea disse- rents 8): near the cave is Acherusia, ad

d) L. XVI. c, 3

e) B. L. T. XIV. p. 279.

f) Observe ist, p. 275. 8) L.l. c. 10.

Bithynia | T.

ghosts, ul ajunt, accessible, algae thence ex- they think Cerberus is broken. In the same opinion of Xenophon b), and Eustathius i), The rest of the epigraph will be explained in the impe- rations

*

+ *

Head of Hercules, X HPAKAEIA, Chapter crowned with a woman's crown, and spread with flowers constipation, AR II, (Pellerin.)

Head Hercules X HPAKAEIA club AB IV. (Mus. Caes.) |

The head of Hercules. X HPAKAEQTAN Club, quiver, bow. AE, II, (Mus, Caes.) In another like: HPAKAEQTAN. OP AE. Ill (Letter of Sestine T. IV. P. 93.)

As an old coin offers a sign the abundance of morals with the inscription of Heraclea tion, thus in many cases very doubtful, to whom from so many Heracles through three worlds they should be scattered. Therefore the matter it often comes back to some conjectures, Nu- mum from here first vo- cat Pellerinius, because the head of a woman when a similar crown appears in the sky

the neighboring Cromna. More confidence in the pair.

following the museums of Caesarea, that they Count Ludolf was living in these mouths he found this Heraclea. pass by other pious gods because of the said cause sam jure daOecmorvg, Sestinius numum to be attributed to Heraclea in Thrace threw, because the letters OP. to signify OPaxus, but Heraclea Thra- in the heavens always called Perinthum,

MT rii ra irte MEDIE EE SEM UEDUUE E air I REP mE EIE R «mum

h) Exped. Cyrus L. Vl. i) To Dionysus v. 791.

(Fol. 11.)

nor would I have used the Doric dialect, because it was the work of Ion, as I said elsewhere

* * *

Silver coat inscribed TEP- Z2IKON, as of old Hercules Cerberus, he came by force to this city, who it is necessary, as it is said in this book,

Idera-aeneum, in which from here the Head of Jovig, hence H wears the crown, his being Hera- threw the clee, but which he rather permitted

to be held in Elis, in the forest of this region

We said probably. AR. RR 4E. RR

To the emperor.

They begin under Trajan, from this time onward in the time of Severus none was known; Indian they extend at least as far as Gordianus certain for those with the head of Gallieni and Pellerinius offered Salonina, whether here to belong, not quite expedient.

. Epigraph under Trajan: HPAKAEQ- TAN, MHTPOIIOAEITAN. From Severus up to Gordianus there were many inconsistencies tia: HPAKACIAC HPAKAHAC even (if only Vaillantius reads well) HPAKAC€QN. HPAKA€OTON, addi- to in all these constantly EN, IION TO Under Gordianus: HPAKAC€OTAN. EN IIONT()., or, as under Trajan: HPAKAEQTAN, MATPOIIOAECITAN. From which we gather, up to the Severus temp. that the Doric dialect prevailed, from this Ionic, the former retreated under Gordiano, perhaps because the city was promiscuous