Doctrine of Ancient Coins, vol. 5 — 1796

AE. RRRR.

Nicopolis..

Founded by Augustus at the Gulf of Ambra ,, the monument of the victory of M. An: Tony and Cleopatra to the neighboring Actium having brought down the neighboring cities the inhabitants of the Serres, as witnessed by Strabo et Pausanias *) Antipater enumerates them contemporary, Leucasdem, Ambraciam, Thyr- reum, Anactorium, Argos Amphilo- i a),

Autonomous! TH NIKOIOA€E(.C. Head of a female torso ritual, 10 ICPAC A lighthouse, or goal, ÀE.

III. (Pellerin.)

I have published the previous coin elsewhere b), Sive The beacon is in this, or the goal, both Nicopolis proper, since it was a city

t) Geogr. min: P. IV. - s) Elijah, I. c, 23.

u) Rec. IIT p.109... a) Brunck Anal. T. IL p. 117

x) No. vet. p. 100. y) L. VII p. 324

b) Whether, vet. p. 102.

* see Strabo.

160

maritime, as well as that in the suburbs of this

each | five years ago In August of his victory. therefore established to be driven by great religion, of whom Make sure these games are in- let the other god say. About the epithet IEPAC see the gods of the emperors.

and 75

It should be noted that the silver coin, which Pellerinius because of the monogram NK, which it is in NIK. resolved, to this Nicopolis refers *), to be rather Cyrene, or certainly not of this city. In addition to electronic devices a glove in that kind of god, whose many of them exist in the Caesarian museum, he says also, that there were very few in Greece cities, and especially European ones, which A silver coin in the age of Augustus they had signed, Aeneus, who had the same tab. 12 no. 13. it is shown that Epidaurus was in the Argolis, in this it will be said ı 4E, RRR.

amperator

They are abundant from August to Sa- lonina

Epigraph: NIKOIIOAIC, or NIKO- IIOA€QC, usually added to I€PAC, of which below. .

ZEBAZTOS, KTiXZTHZI. ., or; AT. l'OTCTOC KTICTHC,. Namely: the founder of the city often occurs, ZE- BAZTOT KTIZMA. / 4 the work you like.) -

Head of Augustus : naked, XNIKOIIOAIZ. IEPA, Jictoria standing. AE, almost II. Na- nfus most complete (Mus. Caes.)

Epirus St

IEPA NIKOIIO, Head of a female tower then, £ CEBACTOT KTICMA, (/Augu- eli opus.) sitting almost naked d. Victory, s. caste Eue Caes. Ari- goni.)

- Type: Fiction most often, of course

.from the name of the city NIKHZ IIOAIÍIZ. -

Triremes, from the memory of the victory of the navy issue — The gate of the city, etc. Right to some: I will pierce the boar's head with a sword, as it may be He marks the mandible of the Calydonian boar, which Augustus after the victory of Actia from Tegea of Arcadia transferred to Rome, as tells Pausanias d), the meaning is uncertain: A woman sitting d. spikes, three guavas below naked figures spread out in the manner of those who swim, in the forests of Philip- pi. (Arigoni, Theup.)

IEPA, so called because of the religious lu- dorum kaion, of which we have spoken. In addition to this, he distinguishes himself from others in the name of four cities, which to be a matriarch. Antipater praised above dicitar 9e vog.

- NATAPXIAOC is addressed under the name i in the god of Antoninus (Mus, Caes.) and Alexan- dri Sev. (Vail.)

ACTAOT in the god Plaatillse: (Vaill. » which reading, however, I distrust, for the title The game is comparable to no other in this city. even though we have many of these published from the museums of Theupoli and Arigoni, and himself Vaillantius, who promulgated the coin it is included in the list of cities of asylum What is more, the title of rejoicing there are no asylums in European cities. I see my data.

e) "Tab. XII, n, 11.

d) L. VII, page 694

-mm M _ È — E E

^ EPI "E

E . To this, Nieopolin seems to recall too many, who without mentioning the city they have shares within a crown, The same seems to mean A solitary in- through the crown in the gods L, Aelius and Anto- nini, and also that they are of this city, they teach the gods of Trebonia and Gallieni at

Arigonium, in which it is also written.

IEPAC NIKOIIOA€4OC, though not dis-

at the same time, that gods like Argos could per-

unite wt in this I advise, to be who

ro A read A»rioe;z, Similium numo-

Neumann presents a catalog *). AE. C.

OMPHALE

' Autonomous OQMPAAITON at so-

Ium Goltzius, | J ORIGINAL

Iu Chaonía to the borders of Illyricum, to whom a non- it is inserted by none. . |

Apollo's head X QPIKIQN, Goal, all below the laurel. AE. YII, (Mus. Caes.).

This particular coin is otherwise known as force f. Oricum was devoted to Apollo, and the said pollen view, present a bow, and a letter to Gruteri from me there

| verify the objectives

From the inscription Froelichius no doubt to carve out the name of Orici co- It's babatur €), but now - it's settled, money to be that Mijeti, who is also in the mu- sco Caesareus

4E. RRER

RVS | 161

PHOENICE or PHOENICAÁPE.

Head of Diana, X «POINIKAIIEQN (contracted by TI and E) laurel, AE II, (Mus, Caes. and Grade- I deny it.)

Jupiter's head X The same epigraph. Ful- men within laurel., AE. III. (Mus. Gra- I deny,) | |

These gods not only typed themselves Epiro- the wheels profess, ' true and in the same It is quite clear that they were found in Epirus although none of the ancients of the city of Phoenicapes remembers, however, Livy, Strabo, Pto- Lemaeus, Tabula PÁoenices in Epirus lo- cant, and indeed some in Chaonia, others in Thesprotia Why there is no doubt these gods to this city, wt appears to belong to a binomial

AE. RRR

Empire: |

There are 3 bronze forms.

(UOINEIKAIQN. Bacchus d. jocular, s, thyrsus, in the gods of Nero, (Vaill. Theup.) In another similar way: A beardless head naked, (Theup.)

ÞÞOINEIKAIECON. IE in another: IET, Uncertain male head of Nero (Panel Me, Trev. October 1737. Cat. S'Enne- ry p.585) >

«POINEIKEAN. Trajan took care of the horse rent, AE II, (Vaill.)

These, the gods of Veillantiue from the Phoenicians common nation he said, signed by name. But to me a very unusual sight: Gentile siye Domeaiog, or Donenu, that

``e) Whether, pop. P. IL P 146.

f) Whether, vet. page 102. -

8) Not, elem. p.105

--e

168 KINGS

the man found both in their groves rich, when the true Gentile of Phoenicia rit Domt, or even Pomnuss, adds these gods show nothing of their genius Phoenician behavior. But if the same reference we shall have a branch of the gods of the second place

. the third gentile (Doruixeitug, Àt vel] ex

the gods of the second place can be seen in to be read to all like "POINEI- KAIIEQN, II and E contracted, likewise and in the autonomy just described in your heaven

. KING As Macedonian kings Perseus and Hercules lem, thus the princes of Epirus, Achilles, his who begat the son of Pyrrhus Neoptolemus they bore the author of their tis. Since then

constant in these the names of Aeacides, Pyrrhus,

Neoptolemus I leave out those old ones who from this stock soon after the expulsion of Troy to order, you have seen the series at Beineccius, he will persecute only the kings famous gods

Neoptolemus was the son of King Aleeta

and Ansbas, Neoptolemus' brother of the kingdom

he makes a companion, and the same dying thou- a tore of children, among whom the chief Alexander, of Guo below, and Olympias

Phipps Amynte's wife, Alexandre M.

"No You're going away.

Called by the ancients Arymbas, Arysba,

Epirus

he can be quick, so that he does not easily appear under the skin. the line drawing that joins II and E Whatever it is, spend more time with them. I will leave, to whom the like gods pre- they are standing

. AE., RRR.

Thesprotia

Part of Epirus. The name OEZIPOTION is found only in the gods of King Pyrrhus a Goltzius build

Epirus

and the Philippian Olympiad places Amyntae

Deacides was born from his wife Troas, de which below

Name:

Head of Hercules bearded lion €ZNUIES done X APIZ Clavg ef quiver. AE. III, (Pellerin Rois page 29. Mps. You kill.)

Hercules-like head, X API2. AM. BPA fpollo sitting naked d. bow before tends to AE. III. (Pellerin Rec, I. p. 79)

The former of these Pellerinius, Qnonia It is very similar to the Maoedonic gods In addition, the age of Philip II is signal, BC

brought from old Illyricum, to this Arisheg |, he does not hesitate to give, If this jare, he- .— let us drink the true name of Frisian kings, who - variously betrayed by the ancients. These things when a learned man had established other things, my

krybes To the brother Noeptolomus the part of Epirus, from the same «o APIX. god actor

extorts, therefore, the protection of his freedom

Magiatretum rather, and not even Hune

KING

to recognize the king himself, when by no means ob- let the name of Ambracia be added, a mouse, as we have seen in Dyrrha soil written to King Monübius of the Chenos.

The type of the second god emphasizes hine Hercu- lem, then Apollo. Anteninss Libera the case tells b), both gods clashing with each other, that each one wanted his Ámbrecia judge in fine the town of Cragaleoó Her- cul's tribute, Acknowledgment therefore Ambrecio- you say that the city of Hereuli is, however, so that also of Apellini, whom I had previously for cause sas, which he relates there, Bwrnea to say, perform public sacrifices.

AE., RRR.

ALEXANDER I

Neoptolemus F. The dead guardian father Arisba of Javenis goes to the kingdom in favor of Phi- lippo Il. Macedon, who was his sister He had married Olympias His son-in-law was married to his daughter Cleopatra with due dates, among which solemnities father-in-law Philip, while his side bat, observed by Pausanias hit to imitate the nephew of Alexander M. I will guide you to the West himself in the war against the Tarentines nes and Brottis he provided, all the more greedily I embraced that war of the other day, which the oracle of the countrymen had answered the censelent Dodonseus, he would beware of the water of Acherusia, And a poor city, of course, as what Pandosia was very far from Epirus be, and the river Agheron i). Battles were fought

EPIRUS 169

and he became the victor, and thenceforth he praised himself he seemed to attack Alexander himself, when

he would not hesitate to attend, himself, who against

He would go to the Romans, as if in &»pe»rr;»», Mace- gift to the Persians himself X). The barbarian war was established with all his might. on the river Acheron and Pandosia slain in the Bruttii, not even an oracle a liar, but foolish as Oedipus proved V. C. 438, See more at Froe- some chronological doubts trying to lash out!), and Cl. Nicholas of this narrating the king's life abundantly m).

Name:

The head of Jupiter was redeemed with a crown.

"£SAAEZANAPOT, TOT. NEOIITOAE-

MOT, Lightning within the assyrian and pilum ka- age IV, III. (Seguin Sel. num. p. 68.)

Curl your head against the rays of the sun hair X AAAESANAPOT, - - OIITO-- Phulten, AR. IIL (Mus, Caes.) -

Bearded head crowned. È AAB- HEAL TOT.'NEOIITOAEMOT Lightning, juzta aqnila. AR, I. (Theup.)

Eagle standing, near tripe, X &AERA. TOT NO. A thunderbolt in a laurel wreath. AE. III. (Mus. Caes.)

And all the gods of this Alexander, how many to know how many Gold and silver work they are very elegant and delicate, Jovis Dodo-

eloqauntor of the eagle and the thunderbolt. repeated with sand It is of singular elegance..

the head of the Sun, which represents the second deity which prince Vf'aldecklus our studies

b) Met, c. 4. 3) Livy L, VIII c. 24 RUB - p.12 - m)B. L. Mem. T. XIV p.338 (Fol. 11.)

k) Gellius L, XVII c. 21. 1) Regg. vot

Y

110 KINGS

he had quitted, devoted to the Caesarian museum, The head of the god 3 there, the king himself can be seen, and then uni- since this was an example of the king's capital Epi- of course he deserved it this remarkable statue of the Theupolian museum, as many of his others, cut into the air, but a more certain examination of the portrait of the head mouse to bring judgment, more likely, ca- he thinks that it is not the king's, but Jupiter's, that tooth was turned away by the thunderbolt, whose reason they are also typed in the god Pyrrhus se- hot Av. RRRR. AR, RRR. AE. R *

* * AEACIDES Arisbae F. after cousins Alexander's death in the kingdom lustrous name from his son Pyrrhus, than from

having obtained himself He falls in wars,

PHTH 11 ..

Daughter of Conon of Thessaly, wife of Aeacides. He had children Pyrrchus and Deidamia

.betrothed to Alexander the first posthumously

son of Alexander M., then Demetrius Po- combined with liorceta,

Name:

DOIAZ Queen's head covered and co- I will turn back. .€ BAZIAE (LZ, ITP- POT Fulmen, AE. IL. (Seguin Sel. no. p. 65, Mus, Cees.) -

Since there are no husbands of Aeacides My wife, Phthia, has her husband honor to the son of Pyrrhus, as the obverse inscription He teaches freely. The crown of the crown in the most complete in the Caesarean museum it is evident that I think it pleased the cause of Jupiter Dodonaeus,

AE. RR

Epirus j

PYRRHF S.

Wonderful, if any other, fate, or beginnings you see, whether the outcome We are from the enemy sought to be killed in Illyricum, after twelve years he was called to the kingdom of his country when he was five years old, Cas- Sandus Macedon is thrown out by the arts. Why? to Demetrius Poliorcetes, his sister Deidamia's husband went to the famous The very battle in which Antigonus was slain interested, and conveyed to Ptolemy of Lagi - F. openly favoring his daughter Berenice He marries Antigone, then a soldier, money, aided by elephants V. C. 459 He recovers Epirus, led by Lanassa Agatho-

Elis the daughter of Sicily took Corcyra as a dowry

he pits, and a little later loses Lanassa herself Demetrius to the marriage, and I will give Corcyra evoking that he himself a she was sorry to be neglected by her husband. Therefore, revenge God enters Macedonia, and Deme- he extorts the trio, and soon he himself from Lysimachus driven by the king of Thrace. At the same time

at the outbreak of war between the Romans and the Aarentines

chosen by them as the supreme commander of the war V. C. 474 he crossed into Italy, de Laevinus consul between Heraclea and Pandosia with the help of elephants a remarkable victory He then brought the other to the battle of Asculus having experienced the uncertain danger of war

at the request of omitting the present affairs in Sici- . lias leaves, defeats the Carthaginians, and the whole

the island, to whom you gave Lilybaeum, he cast out. Paul- in large cities failing by themselves, which to deal more harshly with them, Taren resuming case of tins by Curio cos. to Maleven then victus V. C, 479 these shamefully de- Antigonus of Gonatas returns to the groves of Epirus he rescues Macedonia: using the auxiliaries of Gaul

| KING a suit which was not even from the royal court itself Aegis mausoleum robbery hands. quickly really Peloponnese hope of new things he suddenly set out from a distance offering He almost overthrew Sparta itself, The battle was fought with the Argus gods, the most ele- phanto from the wound collapsed to the narrow obstructing his way, a woman threw a stone at him seriously wounded by a shot, he went to the aid of his 5, C. 482. Nothing in Pyrrhus is mediocre, the virtues summaries, moderation, ease in friendship cos, in reference to grace study, ani- a mouse broken even by adverse fortune, His physical strength was incredible in that military skill, they were experienced the conquerors of the Roman world, and memorable it is said of Hannibal in Plutarch, Pyrrhus first, Scipio second, himself

in the third place of designating, But the same perpetuity.

your desire and inconstancy argue the chin, which was abandoned by the present fortune always remote and doubtful. would follow and he obtained the same by approaching him with disgust to another again, so said most truly Ennius, as it is in Cicero 2): a

They are powerful mag? how wise . powerful | He had children by Antigone Bereni

ses F. Ppholemaeum in the siege of Sparta -

cut, from Lanessa Ágathoclis F,

Epirus

Name: There is almost one opinion of the learned, that they The gods of Pyrrhus, who, whether the elegance of the work,

111

"whereas most of them are visible in a few,

they commend themselves, whether they typed in Sicily they contain the gods encountered, in Sicily during the two years in which he ruled the island got it; The only thing is to obey him It seems to be the opinion that in these Pyrrhus BAZIAEQZ is constantly written when, however, in the coins of the kings of Sicily whether those who preceded or those who followed BAZIAEOZ is always read, nor it is probable that the Sicilies were in the process of striking him that the king of the gods had left the institute, Nu- mum of Paruta, in which I will write: BA2I- AEOZ °), I do not delay, for in the like which was more correctly published by Pellerinius P.), ob- holds BAZIAECQZ

1. The helmeted head of Pallas, set aqua- la spread wings, X BAZIIAEQ.Z, IITP- POT Victory marching d. crown, s. trophy, AV. m, m. (Dorville Sicily tab. 16.) i

^. Diana's head with a prominent quiver. XBAZIAEQ.Z. IITPPOT the same type

'Ih area lightning. Av. III. (Mus. Caes.) stupid kind Joeacidargm,'

9. Head of Proserpina crowned with spikes. € BAZIAEQLZ, IITPPOT. Pallas Gra- of the day d carrying a spear, s. shield

pretending, in the area of some lightning

Av. III. (Pembrock. tab. L) AR. 2 HI. (Mus. Caes.) — mE 4. IITPPOT. the head of Proserpina read XBAZIAEXLZ. A woman sitting d. horn forces, s. a spear AE. TI, (Dorville l. c.)

n) of Divinity. L. IL c. 66. o) Tab. 150 `P) Bois Tab, HL

Yes

112 KINGS

5. Jeweled head with oblong diadems put on the hair. 10 BAZIAE $22 IITPPOT Similar type, AE, II. (Pel- read.)

6. Bearded head crowned. XBA .ZIAEQA, IITPPOT. Fuimes, AE, U. (Theop.)

. 54. Head of Pallas s fail € BAZI- AEf£LZ.IITPPOT. Iron spears quersa: m. AE. IL (Pellerin)

. & MITE. in monogr.) between the shields of Ma- seditious X B.AZI Goal, below which suouegrammma, emnia inira Lion AE. IJ. (Mus. Caes.)

.9. Helmeted head of Pallas. £ D. ITP. [in monogr.) Elephant. AE. MI (in my n Well, vet. p. 103.)

.. 19. Head of Pallas. helmet, 10 IITP POT Cupid carried by a dolphin. AR. He. (Pembrock P, II. tab. 50.)

11. Diademed head of Pyrrhus, X BA-

.SIAE(12Z, IITPPOT. HHEIPQT, Cur-

country tract & two elephants, -over

leaders of the neck, standing in Victoria's car d. palm, s. ccrotiam, place the trophy. AR. m. m. (Sie deity is described in Tbeupol museum.)

Heads of Pallas, Diana, Proserpina:

familiar types of Syracuse, as well as la- bor in these nice to persuade men in exercise our sports, as a country with these they would assign Sicily. For but the head of Proserpina, which the gods lo- Co. II all the tips are similar to the head

Epirus of the goddesses, that they stand in the arms of Agathoolis, as

almost force them to volunteer, both of them

birthday only If Diana and Proserpina the cult of Pyrrhus was external, that of Pallas was the household, for she especially He sought to be united with Athens he entered and boarded the citadel officially "Palladis he would perform the sacred 4), whether with the spoils of the defeated a drawn from the Gauls by Pallas Itonides in Thess.

, he would dedicate the salt with an additional epigram, which

Platarchus 7 observed the same worship also propagated by his son Alexander, ex the bull of the gods will appear, the eagle of the gods I. po- Palladie seems to allude to the onion

. the surname of the eagle given to Pyrrhus, which

Plutarch *), and Aelianus $). Money VH we gather that it must be Epirus from the opposite side of the Epirotes €o. But there are 8 of us. from Macedonian and He participates in Epirotics. The name of the king bound by nogram, passed in the old sam BAZI., a crown woven from shields They smell Macedonia, over which he presided twice;

a goal within the querna to the country of Epirus

belongs to the kingdom, Numus 9 an elephant

.He stops, because the animal, as often Pyrrhus ad He benefited from victories, so also in the battle at

If Argos was the cause of the issue, tell it above.

. we see, Why and in the monument, that

they established the Axgivi, they were carved ele- phanti v). I am afraid that all faith must be taken

mummy 40, which from the museum of Theupoli

I wrote, The head of the king in the gods of Epirus

lens, (for the Goltzians are reproached) and .

q) Rather. in Pyrrhus p. 398 c. 45, u) Pausan. L. IJ, c. 21

r) l. c. p. 400

^ 5j in Pyrrhus. t) of Nat. soul L, VII

2 -- ue ue E CER E 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 00 000 Tm .

KING

It is difficult to write HIIRIP £7. for AIIEIPOTAN, moreover ty pus averse for Pyrrhus aero too lo- cups, and redolent of the Roman manner,

He demands places, as also of Pyrrhus' effi- gie, if the gods present, let us discuss when there was much talk of it with them, who described the old statues and jewels really This is a sign of Parian marble. which is now in the Capitol, head ga- happy and long-bearded, the rest given, grasping the shield of the hook on the left, but which is of modern work, as also the feet I was disgraced, having already been born a year before Christ 1612 the appeal of Pyrrhus took For I find it in the pamphlet of Venice in the same year, in a vernacular, with the title: | Le asfichétà della cillà di Roma by M. The works of Ulysses Androandus - - - in mind the fourth impression was corrected, already then That tribute to Pyrrhus, and from a noble man At most two thousand shields em- ptum (Page 168). His heir appellation the main reason was that in the swamp the heads of elephants were carved; ve- ram in the same of other animals also find heads, such as rams, etc., not much a grave monument to this sentence Goltzius brought a published nume, in which: A bearded helmeted head. X BASILAE412., IITPPOT 7ictoria setting the trophy *). Thus it is usually done, that the opinion once con- taken by common consent so eva- gives prejudices, even without reference sufficient in itself to be of authority,

EPIRIL © 418

which some poets admit easily or let them dare to attack. This one This was the reason why he was not even great Spanhemius allowed. he thought he was ex- to disturb the credit of the gods of Champagne for a long time the Minotaur evidence would be openly tainted, Pre- therefore going to the Capitoline this statue, where- even though the antiquarian's head is bar- the lips, and the related features of the mouth, or to look at the marble or gem Pyrrhus immediately became manifest, as or one judgment of Sponius may be sufficient collected Y). As a result, like all museums Credits abounded in this portrait of Pyrrhus. An ancient population here, which is not many years ago still Bettarius in a certain list of the statues of the Capitolines held, the first, as I think, to request co- pit VVinckelmannüs challenging them gods as certain judges of disputes ces 7), and following the arguments which already . Cúpero injects scruples a), Vniversa therefore, when the cause depends on the gods, on these let's ask

Already the first to define Pyrrhus the statue from Goltzius contributes nothing cited, who had a bearded helmeted head presents not unlike that which is in Capitoline statue Let it be Who cares, who is that head? to be rather Pyrrhus, which Mars will be able to perform especially let us see him, im.antica nu- the stay of that king, whom we have described the heads of various gods to be presented? Like

x) in Greece Tab. IV. y) Miseell, p. 138. — 2) Deseript, des pierr-grax. p. 445 et Geschichte der Kunst S, 355. Dresd. Ausg^) of the Elephant. exercise IL. c. 4.

114 KING

We often see the head on Tuesday of the Bruttis and other people rum, because even in the Romans ascribed in- on MARS, VLTOR To these doubts when Cuperus abated, he was truer to Pyrrhus they were seen as portraits certain gods of silver, in which here is the head of a manly bearded laureate, standing elephant True these gods to be the Punics, and that head to Hercules Tyrus, we will show in another place. deny that VVinckelmannus and Cuperus another ``to look at the coin, in which: BAXIAEQZ. IITPPOT A bearded man's head with a diadem beginning, X BOTOPAXYTIQN, Fictoria pro- cumbenlers striking the bull. Add two others with the epigraph OEZIIPXQTION. These names were seen by Goltzius. If you are genuine, you Nemus Pyrrhus Capitolinus with a large beard then for two centuries and more thing, sip, that probably, fabricated, nothing here We find a thin portrait of Pyrrhus. Is it true that there is no more light from Cuperon? where did you shine? It was necessary to increase the support number of gods True, I was disturbed again everything, the author of the museum of Theupoli the customer recites, in one of which, which place 6. I proposed, it is a bearded head with a diadem the mat En, if faithfully described nu- Mmm, Pyrrhus wearing a beard again: Perhaps the same god would settle the case - museums; which last I proposed, when but silver is of the highest order kind of The author neglected persistence, and monoi above, a coin. to see this look And not what to do here may, let it be said, the effigy of his king

Epirus

perhaps it should be requested from the god YV., in which ha- :

better head youthfully diademed; ve- long hair, and the unions with which the neck is proud, they make a certain woman, and as it seems, Proserpina, such as is in Numo IV, similar to the other parts. deny

that of those which are to be discussed, this at least .

We hold that we have not yet been certain of anything To be seen in the image of Pyrrhus, but of all namely, bearded, helmeted heads, which vul- go Pyrrhus are said to be his king's pre- cipiec since no European king of his age to promise a beard even to that extent, as they present the said heads, accustomed, Le- what happened to Lucia nus b), the present case is exceptionally illu- He said, Pyrrhus, that he was himself Alexander M. very similar, and perhaps He was from Larissa, he showed his guest portraits of Philip, Alexander, Perdiccas, Cassandra and other kings and also from it, who is like these would be, quite convinced, would be as Alexan- the drum would hint, But a simple woman denied that he was like one of these but rather I cook for Batrachion, who was of Larissa Therefore those who believed that Pyrrhus they argue, they also prove that Alexander also grew a beard, AV. AR. AE. R.

Pl

ALEXANDER Il.

Pyrrhus from Lanassa, daughter of Agathoclis lius, elder brother of Ptolemy at Spar- so slain, I killed the father of Argis whether the kingdom was led by her sister Olym on foot, knocking Antigo into the kingdom of Macedonia

QEPE ENE O E E E EE EAEE E EE EEEE

b) contrary, indoctrinated

f r

THE KING OF EPIRUS

no Gonata won, when that some- He had long usurped it from his son Demetrius not only was he expelled from thence, but she herself also despoiled of Epirus, at Acarnanes an exile, with the Epirotes of the race of the Aeacids would hold the desire, from these the kingdom is protected

From Olympias he had a son Pole- the seal, of which below.

Name:

You took off the head of a female elephant stick 10 AAESANAPOT Pallas Gra- of the day d twists the spear, s. shield

tond.t, standing in the field of lightning eagle,

and various monograms. AR, I, (Mus, Caes.) AR. HI, IV. (Pembroke P. II. Tab. 54.)

These nu- according to various antiquarian ju- tell Alexandre M. already, already his no- threats to the son of Cassander, already to Alexander Sy- ro, already Ptolemy 1X, Alexander tri- butt Pellerinius made them a better plan Alexander Pyrrhus F. though timid gives °). Learned men conjecture memorizing and refuting the opinions of others I tried to establish myself further In the ancient gods 4), Ajebam, excellently to our Alexander the head of the mu- a hare covered with the spoils of an elephant; to play for whether to conquer Pyrrhus with the help of his father his wild victories, whether to things from Aga- thocle maternal grandfather in Africa, whose sym- The head of the bolus is usually considered excellent achievements, so of course we have a golden Aga- thoclis numus, on the opposite side of which

d) page 104.

c) Rois p. 31.

2

175

the head is made of cloth in a very similar manner. Pallas frequenting the same gesture and habit it is in the gods of the stone of Pyrrhus, as well as of kings Macedpnis, over whom he presided for some time. The eagle is also marked and the tri- and the symbol of Epirus, unless he alludes to it by chance to his father Pyrrhus, whom the popular the eagle above from Plu- we taught at Tarcbo. Finally and monogram to find mats in similar woods I ate onions, which I often eat in the woods Macedonia, Lysimechus, Antigonus, De- metrics are met. Look at that whole thing

spent on my work in the city.

*. + *

The head of a female elephant has been removed from the roof. £10 AAESANAPOT Victory standing d. co- ronarm, s. AE, III. (Pellerin Rois tab. VI.)

The head of Hercules bearded lion with a grin ctum X AAESANAPOT., Fulmen, in- from the crown, AB, IV. (Pellerin's Additions 12 feet.)

A head like that of Hercules. X AAERAN APOT., Eagle resting on lightning, and resp knowing AE, III, (Mus. Caes.)

Pellerinio after many guesses the demigod is the first of those present it seemed to be attributed to Ptolemy IX. His the reasons whether they can be valid a mouse in the bosom of this king of Egypt. why but rather to be attributed to our Alexander tem, it is in the case because the head with the ele- It is also in the silver pre- giving way to the article described. So if these really are of this Alexander, it is probable this one, of whom we are speaking, must be the same

116 KINGS

of the king Then some right to use the same he could use the same type as his own Alexander M., viz. Victoria triden- carrying it, or because it is elsewhere in Macedonia as long as he presided, siye because the same as He had a great name, Namus the second Pellerinius, indeed, established the Epirotica, but to Alexander I. he gave up all rights said for his own sake. Better to give to another, because certain Alexander l. god father Neoptole they add my mention. The third is similar He sanctioned Ptolemy X. to be valiant, but for absolutely weak reasons, as it may be said in hu- right money, but who can say closer be the discretion of the learned reader. AR, of AE. RR

Ptolemy

Alexander II. mum under the protection of his mother, then the king of Sai the contract of choice was not long after the journey He died of an illness, leaving behind a son and a kingdom heir to Pyrrhus This is from Justin °), et Pausanias f).

Nami:

Head of a woman with a pinnacled crown distinguished by flowers. X ITOAEMAIO, Aqui- Now standing, on the ground a crown, on another a star. AE. III. (Mns Caes.)

Did I explain this to others?

ue &). Pelle- rinius, except that he had only read in his own

IITOAEMAL, and them, though distrustfully:

attributed to Ptolemais of Cyrenaica.hb), But with

Epirus

I would see in the presence of God, epigraph IIOTAEMAI got the letter O hardly du- Biam, of course it was far from being considered any Ptolemais, and to fill in the epigra- phe reading IITOAEMAIOv But whose Is Ptolemy supposed to be a god here? There were two of that kind of god once in a train of the uncertain Ptolemaic kings of Egypt I took it back!). When I spend more seriously,

the money of all the kings of Egypt.

to differ in ways from the present, for neither in front of him, he is always cultivated find out, or else the name of the king, which written in the world, while in this our be it a straight line, or an omitted title

BAZIAE (1Z, I began in another region

To investigate Ptolemy. And there were reasons

many things to persuade, as in this Pto- I would rest with the helm, with a woman's head We have a crown of this form in the gods the Cassopaeans of Epirus, the eagle for the sake of Jo- vem Dodonaeus perpetual coin of Epi- an inhabitant of Rotica, always left in Epirus to kings the name BA£ZIAE (1Z, if Pyrrhi put down the gods, but save the most of them the rich think they are sealed abroad, and not in these never writing in the world, but the lines re- if these things are rightly distributed, gods like baud will doubtless be of this Pto- lemmas; for there is no other king of that name He presided over Epirus; for the daughter of Pyrrhus Ptole while his father was still alive, he perished in Sparta, as we said in Pyrrhus. 4E. R

| : l » s; 1 h) Rec. III. p. 15.

e) L. 274 c. 1. 3. i) Catal, mouse. You kill P. I. p. 264. n.-35 36.

f) L. IV. c. 35.

&) Sylloge 5 p. 85

rrr qnte mE.

KING

you have seen

Capita jugata, Thursday lawreatmm and Ju- «onis, X BAXIACOQOZ MOZTIAOZ A flying eagle, in the field of mono- gram ITAP AE. IIL (Mus. Caes.)

I took the bearded helmet. X. BAZI AEQZ MOZTIAOZ. Thoraz, in the field similar monogram., AE. II. (Pellerin. Rois p. 31.) - R. l

A king's head with a diadem. X BAZI AEQ MOZTIAOZ, EIIL ZAAA- AOT, ETOTZ. AH, Pallas sedewe d. Pai ladiwm , 8. spear, monogram in area KM AR. I. (Sestini Lettere T. 1V. p.81.)

The former was first popularized by Froelichius X), but who sinned by reading MOZTI- AOT, when in that god let it be clear in the same way as in Pellerianus MOZTIAOZ, When none of the old king Mostidis remembers, to conjecture ver- sus- an excellent man, since he already com- warnings signed in the name of the Epirotes lias are considered to have yoked heads, and an eagle is a perpetual type of Epirus, probably vi- sam, that oímeliem in Epirus or Eina Illyrioum. to wish Pellerinius Indeed, Froeliehii's "conjecture gave, however, by magic into Dalmatia the mind was removed, because it was inserted into the tis: METAL, DELM. jacket too

Epirus

He expressed, "The matter is still uncertain." An the scalper's act was imprudent, but in the nu- the expression of Pelerini's head is then bearded, yet the author di- in a row to appear, on the opposite side was the king's head crowned? I believe a worse mistake on the part of the author, for the sweater it is well combined with the head of Mars.

. So far this has been the only re- gis evidence, when recently came another ex illustrious silver, which the third postni-

111

mouse, Ged does not want this information He brings so much light, said Sestine the herald,

to be of the most remote antiquity, /del- la pis grande antichità) which indeed it may seem strange, when it is read nus of the kingdom, and the magistrates Sadales, but ex that the gods of the most ancient kings were absent usually, which it is clear that the worship was sim- of the most numerous, when the name of Sadalis was peculiar to some kings of Thrace, it is slightly suspected that Sestine was the latter Mostides, king of part of Thrace. True All these things are uncertain, and they are not without their own to difficulties, and indeed to the wonder of the king, whose reign in the year 38 you- this god was stretched out, unless rather, it is an era, every inter- to remember i AR., and 4E, RRRR.

C O R C YF R 4.

Great words, to be distinguished from little ones on the other hand, it was more open in the Gulf of the Adriatic

placed, of which below. the island of the noble Epi- ro opposites, and numismatic penu ine

Ly

k) Reg. vet. god p. 51. ^ Fol. He)

Z

118

shield Formerly called Scheria, and inhabited by The Phaeacians of the Homeric poem celebrated, di- It was then called Corcyra, today Corfu one of the colonies of Corinth, so to speak.

e

Autonomous

A cow nursing a calf, on top of an assyria, the prow of a ship, etc. 10 KOP, Area line trans- turned into balls cut into some parts, various attributes outside. AR. II. (Mouse, Caes. elsewhere.)

A cow nursing a calf, x Without epigraph. Assyrian AR, II, (Pellerin Rec. I. tab, XI, no. 8.) i

Diota, in others next to this a smaller diota of another form, and a single vessel, ad- written KI. X KOP, iz others KOPKTPAT, written inira rays asiri. AR. III. (Mus. You kill.)

KOPKYPAL half a cow. 10 bina a square area, in the center of which is a star in the area a cluster on one side, a diota on the other, and KI. AR, II. (Mus. Caes.)

The first and second of those mentioned in to have the gods of Corcyra. Another epigraph Pellerinius Dyr- rachenes inserted, but it is quite clear from numo I., and particularly IlI. and IV., to have been a star also in the usual Corcyra sym- bolis, |

Each type of god I. that of Apollonia. and Dyrrhachius flowed, which are known to have been the colonies of Corcyra Why in the currency of this island, as it were of the country, to investigate the type of opinion, An- there is no doubt that the happy pastures of the island and he preaches abundance of herds. No-

HEART CY RA ^

bilior averse, which is from Beger's opinion the gardens of Alcinous celebrated by Homer,

who this island, formerly Phaeacus. di-

he proposes to return the famous that following the judgment of the antiquarian they are complicated. But Bartholomew squared that remains of the old and unformed qua- wires, in the area of the oldest trees He thinks it's empty!). Prefers the old opinion than elsewhere also to be established I am ™®), for I. that square is enough at ease with the image of the gardens, as Homer painted for us, he conspires, IL. No seems credible, Apolloniatas, and Dyr- the Rhaetians, who called themselves "colonists of Corcyra." to confess, a symbol of barrenness and fasting what kind of ornament would that be? in the sense that he wished to bring in his own money. III. If we square that successively itself in the place of the old shapeless square,

.nothing prevents us from feeling the same way

of the square, which exstaps in the sky

, I knew, that by all

it is regarded as a labyrinth. Therefore these things

.The city of Crete took an honorable

burn this monument of his city. in pu to boast of the coinage, so also Corcyren they saw fit for their old king memory, and the orchards cultivated by him to raise, IV. From many other examples It is quite clear that the Greek cities are at the top that he brought honor to himself, if anything rum was celebrated in the verses of Homer, and that very earnestly of his money that he wished to insert, which he did so that it pleased the Corcyrians, especially when not once in the eyes of Grae-

1) Mem, B. L, T. XXIV. p. 30

i b t

m) Whether, vet. p. 106.

^. HEART OF CYR A. © 419.

we know them boasting, Alcinous and the Phaeacians de- to tear, of which I shall speak more below of the colonies of Corinth, and this, say those from Barthelemy they stand, in other gods, or in II. out of town of the state," is round in shape, and like the stars, and much washing away from the description even Homeric, I Ajo, her image not to be like a star, but to be a star itself, and one of the certain symbols which the people of Corcyra had learned I said before, and also as a form in other to whom it would be round, or not also Cno-

if the labyrinth is already square, it is already rotun- .

give, already twisted in the shape of a god painted do we have But the god of Apollonia, Nym. This includes a burning bean square. But who can perceive an artist so unfit for himself? let him suggest that the fiery mountain of Alcinous

put in the garden? Of course, I drive, and inep- you are the artist who made the whole Argaean mountain

the head of the Genius of Caesarea Cappadocia impo- suit If I see anything, the mint of Apollonia He wanted to combine the tes and the symbol of the city proper Nymphaeus, and the other Cor- the stretch of the metropolis, in the same way, by which we see, in the cloud from the city IV. most that the symbols of Corcyra gathered together the gardens of Alcinous, the star, the cluster, the diota, in what manner is that coiner, who in denarius M, Caecilius Metellus the elephant's head he proposed a closed foot to the Macedonians, du- plex united the honor of the race of Caecilia, elect I imagined a victory over Hasdrubal, with shields

, «, B) Tab. Heraclius, p. 528 P. 689; `

q) Hist, Cor. .

. 0) Diss, on the Origin of Pain,

indicating the victory over Pseudophilippus. In the true combination of symbols so pa- antiquity aims at the truth, which pa- This rum guarantees our age, when the insignia of the nobles they are most opposed, he composes,

A lot of epigraphs in Corcyra varies. See in these K. KO. KOP KOPK, KOPKTPA. KOPKTPAI KOP KTPAI4XXN. In many places the name of the city it celebrates the monogram k, K or similar. But the Greek writers almost constantly it is called Keexvec.

There are other gods more illustrious.

AI'PETC. A civilian man standing d. snake he holds the issue; He stands somewhere between the two. columns 10 ZETC KACIOC Jupiter seated in the temple with a spear, AE. II. (Mus. Caes.)

KOPKTPA. The head of Corcyra laurel. X Z€TC. KACIOC The same type. AE. II.

The first book from the antiquarian dine much troubled. Mazzochius, with in it he would read ATPETC, Hadriae Pi- gives to the cena ^) applauding the Paschal Ma-

: gnonio °), Jacobus de Barry Petrae Ara-

biae, which .fgra was once called P). Sa- not only today, but since then

. Andrea Marmora q

to be from Corcyra, although not the name of the island.

be added, and even if this is not from elsewhere,

it would cost, they would teach. the other being placed, then the emperor's god from there from Antoninus, in whom the same is frequently the case 4 Greus and Jupiter Cassius run back, and doubt

, P) Reland, Palace. illustr

Za

180 | It cannot be said that these autonomous people are from the same age. beri, both faces of the god must now be explained:

ATPE€TC. It is more likely to be presented in this type Pana was thought to be the witness of Hesychius by the Athenians it was called Ayervs Y), Ego I have conjectured elsewhere, to be understood by this name Aristaeus, son of Apollo and Cyrene

. the finder of honey, of oil, and the same

and with the highest knowledge of pharmaceuticals, who was worshiped by the Greeks under the name Aygewç of which see more in my Numis vet, °).

Z€TC. KACIOC Jupiter Cassius, or Cassius, who is in another city of this island Cassiope had a temple of this name in this Pliny, and Suetonius in Nero, Idem Z€TC called KACIOG was also worshipped

at Seleucia of Syria, and his too

The inscription on the coin is read, but here his There was another cause of appeal, and of this one the image was a shapeless stone. Third Ju- Cassius was the father, but he was instructed by God near Pelusium of Egypt t). Witness Achilles le Tatio was his statue in his youthful age, stretching out his right hand, with which he punishes evil

when it contains, but its natural cause oc-

cultivated *).

KOPKTPA. Foil Corcyra, football in the head is proposed to the other, Asopus

Achaia [daughter of the river, mother of Phaeacia, which came to this island from the lover Neptune translated to this he gave the name Y), when Sche-

a thing would be called a being. But Apollonius did not

this Corcyra, but the other said

he invented the translated gram Y) contradicting:

CORCYRA |

his dlibi "dfolimsta" and with the former feeling s). etc.

OABACXK. BOT ~- Capst mullebre ve- wide, € KO A cow's head within a cot Sam. AE. II, (Pellerin Suppl. IIl. p. 112.)

Pellerinius named OABACA on the side the name of the city was thought to be Olbasam Pi-' He carried it to the stars, and struck it, the voice of teram BOT - - - legend completed Beforog, or Beteopoç. True when in nw The name of the Greek city is usually let it be written on the opposite side, and wide, the type of cattle's head also stands out frequently in the certain gods of Corcyrse, and the gods of this island are often inscribed with only the letters KO, I will soften this rümmum To give tribute to Corcyra, and perhaps to OjDadsa. is

the name of the woman who veiled her head

to is proposed, as in the previous verse tb KOPKTPA reference or chapter, cm ca voice was recorded.

"TL"

Bacchus ridden by a panther d. Folibfi-itWor- guet, X KOP: A tailed faun with a ligator He pours out one day into another. AE. M; (Mus, Caes. elsewhere.)

These gods: Froelitius: Corcyrtuo- par Alas, what was also called black; You went there tus in the Adriatic, Mhodio -COufrsóln, He thought that they should be given, as well as other Otih - ty

R——————————————————————————————v— whether:

r) Misc. p. 76. $) pag. £07. Corinth, c. 5. Diodorus L. Iy." C, 72

t)' Strabo È. 16 y) L. IV. v. 567. =) to L. IV. Yv. 983;

v) Erotic: L. YII. 6) pause

€ O R C YRA

of Aquileia and Victoria *), but Pellerinius to this of our Corcyrsee. The case will be decided when we know, in which kind of god they are often dug up. But that too because of contrary indications we are uncertain returns, Froelichius draws his men from him in Dalmatia He is a stranger, he says to those who have been brought up, even his own Nurbannus has the authors, whose etimonio in the milk they can be found It is clear what is the reason why I agree Froelichius himself is compelled); But different From these he teaches, Jacobus Gredernigo, who given to me the certified letters 6st, all the gods of nature, whom they muieuhi He keeps to himself that he found himself on the island today called Corf the nations of the old in Corcyra he found a small one, in the like the less intact bones are not sufficiently liquid appears to be tied to the tail with the Faun himself, so that it is a real tail, Froelichius and to see Pellerinib the fish ttir, . Sabinde Khelellius, when for the tail

obMtóréi& aperet, you are his litis, piscibtit

be it, or tails; existed, who, if such a pti you see dibpwtatihh in Pellerius °),

* * *

He takes the laurel of his nephew. at the gate E KO Head: Bovibintrit edrondth. AE. HI. (Mouse:

Cees ) f 4 'R gends- Mosel. "Goltras and Hordainus

petiüisere' Maerocepliolis: Pontiy Pelleriv

181

Aus Croton. But the form of the monogram persuades them to restore Corcyra, and I fell in love with him. Gradénigo, like the gods found by himself in this very island, Neptune does not rightly belong here, for from this Phaez- Homer tells us that the case drew the race.

* * *

Head of Bacchus crowned with ivy, 10 k Pegasus' flying, across the field various monograms mother AR. almost 2 (Mus. Caes:,) In another: Pegasus flying with palmate head above monogrammá APK., below the prow of the ship: AR, about 2 (Mus. Caes.) Add to these AR mules He in which: Caput Apol- dinis, vcl Head of a woman, X Pegasus vo- fans, (Mus. Caes.)

These monograms in | Coreyra move Neta met here and there the gods of this indy they easily claim, apart from this information Pegasus does not bring a light weight, for, as has been said, Corcyra was a certain Co- rintlii's colony, of which more will be dealt with in the gods of the colonies of Corinth. Confidently I also refer here to another coin. who it smells somewhat of a barbarous fabric, for especially since the very few it is all like a tooth, neither from a sentient I am torn by a slight doubt from Pellerin's move

then 4),

j ^) Animadv, in am, city i 5. He p. 125. (os

b) No. pop. p.178

* y e l . KOP. Half a cow X 2). Botrøs. AE. HL (Mouse: Caes) — > | *) SuppLlllp.63. d) Ree

.Í LN [bh i "ac os

182 ETA : Diota. X ZQ, Cluster. AE. 3,

(Pellerin Rec. IH. tab. CIL.)

© ZO. Diota.- € AMA The bow of the ship. AE.

III. (Pellerin Rec. HI. tab. CXVII. n. 2,

Neumann Nom. pop. p. 193.)

Head of Hercules with a lion's grin. -In

to others: Neptune's head, place the trident. Others: A manly bearded man with a laureate head and a woman € KOPKTPAIQON added ma- gistratu: «DIAQITAZ, DAAAKPO2,, etc. Ship. AE. II, (Mus. Caes.)

Pellerinius So- The case of Cyprus gives that the judgment did not move therefore overthrows that which this city con- ' stander Zo^c;, never 2je^o, is written, but also that the diota, the cluster, and themselves these letters Z: () are met with in Corcyra currency Of course, the deity described here the first also the second Pellerinian claims for himself with full right, even though Pellerinius ve- I will raise my opinion against those things I had objected °), let it be defended by repetition f), what I have said ram , they abundantly confirm, and ro AMA, no tare the magistrate, no, that slightly con- Pellerinius, Ámathunt of Cyprus, numi.consequentes openly teach What? the letters Z£ each time the currency of Corcyra I do not attempt to fall, if the occupants want it. I thought the authorities were starting, but I see the same Zi£), also often occur in the warning ta. of Taranto and Syracuse

- Type Bacehi, diota, bunch of wine abun- they speak of their dignity and excellence, . nt type of Neptune, Triton, ship, acrosto-

4 p

/ C O R C YRA.

his maritime power, with which the Corcyraeans that he had undertaken serious wars with his neighbours it is abundantly clear from historians,

AR. and AE C.

To the emperor.

Cor- Cyra, which $ Vaillentius from Trajan until ad Alexander Ser. brings down, But these ancient Marmora offered the matter in his Corcyra history:

M. ANT4Q. NIOZ. OCTABIA, Capita the jugal of the laureates of M. Antonius, and of Octavia. £ KOPKTPAIQN. PIAQTAŽ. Ship. AEI -

This name is not sufficiently identified by the author. neo vulgati confirmed the integrity of cl. Gallandus, while in a state very similar to himself offered according to the information of Marmara re- true to see the letters M. ANT - - for himself vi- . given, that if the name of Octavia was in it does not appear to be in the case that the exercise running to the right of the matrix it was based €). The very same deity it exists in the Caesarian museum, and I saw the same read many others, in which not only no it becomes either Antonius' or Octavia's tio, but also facial features a knowing Antonius, they washed far away.. Where- you want me to fight with a pledge, the names of Antonius and the Octadriae.. had been added by the learned a certain forger, whom from history tit, :Antopi um ek Octavian vV..C. g174in after having tarried for some time, here but the money should not differ from those whom

- -

! - = $614. €

, e. *

e) No. vet. p. 107

f) Additions P. 72.

1

g) B. L, T. V, P 193. FE d i? :

Acarnania

in the preceding paragraph among the autonomous I quoted

The types are almost the same as those in the autonomies. Jupiter Cassius, Agreus, Pegasus, Ship rowing him., ;

AE. C.

183

PYTHIONIA.

An island near Corcyra, of which I am autonomous inscribed IITTI, gives Haymius b), whether it is right or not says Khellius. I should rather read IÍAPI. su- cl. Bestinus, and to be Parii My- whether 1).

4 C A.hR N A N 1 A.

In the name of the autonomous co- gniti, the most prominent of which see at Hunters

AIZXPIOQN, AZXPIOQNOA. /cover- iron Bearded male head with horns going off the bull's neck, X€ AKAP- DANON Apollo sitting naked d. bow he claims, before him the horn of the army. AV, UI, (Hunter.) AR. I. (Mus. Caes. Pembroke.)

NATZIMAXOZ Head similar, but bar- beat X AKAPNANCOQN. Jupiter naked stepping d. the lightning vibrates, lam, AR. II, (Pellerin.)

A two-faced monster in these gods He is Áchelous, as the bull of the river but were made here and there, at least if increased hear the testimonies of the ancients, concerning whom

I did a lot of research on the topic in my dissertation

Under the crown of champagne, so the bull the person of Achelous which the mythology of his animal teaches specifically because of Dejanira's love affair with Hercules met, but from this evil fined by breaking the other horn, which

it was due

`

then the horn of the army, I went to Amalthea no- became famous with the songs of mine poets, which story is cleverly proposed by Ovid, and also Diodorus Siculus, who also its allegorical meaning shot k). Excellently according to these gods Dejanira herself describes the bull of Achelous in Sophocles »: M»nçne yae yv poi ROTU, A yeħwoy aso Og p'lv rei91 uoppoaicuy T naTeos Doiro évaeyng Taveog, &NNoT' dios Aeaxay êheixrog; 4XNor ANAPEINR TT- I - BOTKPANOŽ, ex 95 Suor qyenad og Kewos OieBBawovro weuyais nore. For the river was close to me, Ache- I think He asked me three times in different ways from his father Approaching a clear bull, sometimes a different one A tortuous dragon, otherwise known as a male form A cow's head, made of thick real beard Fountains of drinking water flowed, Cl. Ignore renders the fourth verse: when

pu"

b) T. Ij. 170 feet

i) Letter P. III. p, 29

k). L, IV, c. 35. 1) Tracbhin, under init.

| 48

manly-faced hornbill 9). This is hard when Bexeavoç is sure to mark the head of a cow. That Tameg thinks he has permission, since if the boy's head should be understood, sub- the poet would not have been able to throw that the waters flowed, but from the straw. No doubtless from the same place of Sophocles Ache- Philostratus took his place, while he thus describes 9): xas dvðeoç Tere Nudne, Bergoga pE yae &vTtc BLICA, NaI yernag dp piNaQug , nyai Te yaputrav ExnNypuee aE You, and the men of this demi-fere, taurifor- for the face of him is the white beard, and the lymph vessels, dying from the chin. And but if I embrace the intention of wall, and if according to Sophocles and Philo- we set the bed, all the strength of Achelous" only the head of the bull came out, no we have the light of the Achelous dispute between and of the Minotaur, as is evident from those which ad Champagne. the pretentious Minotaur dis- late Whatever it may be, except for these poets the monuments themselves were consumed lamus, present Ácarnanus, then Athe- narus and the god of Knossos, whom he mentioned there ram, the exact opposite of both monsters

they give form, of course. Acheloo.ca

put men, the rest bulls, to the Minotaur put a bull, the rest a man. To be done, however he could, as the artisans according to the Vague this oracle of the poets Achelous as to the Minotaur, sometimes they would burn, especially when from the same It is also confirmed by evidence that he was capable of all forms; if that

ACARNANIA

in some monuments, as in a gem Marietti °) will not be able to be sufficiently distinguished, not Hercules with Achelous, or 'phesei to understand the fight with the Minotaur. €e- Acheloi's religion was great not only in Ácarnania, but outside this too, cl. Ignore it clearly Ephorus proves it in Macrobius. He himself

Ácarnamus and the field of the Aetoli divided into He left the Corinthian pocket.

As Achelous, so also Apollo rightly in Acar- Dwarf currency lives because of the honors of the the lustres held for him at Actium, as in this it will be said But these are common to the Ácarnans Thyreus spud the gods sealed, of whom soon, there is no doubt, with this god let them all answer

AIXZXPI()N, presumably Aeschrion Ae- Acarnanus, the son of scArion, is a magistrate. Aeschrion is indeed mentioned by Polybius Acarnan, who at the time of the war against Persia seam Ácarnani was the author of the re- of the garrison of Rome P),

AR. RR Av. and AE, at Goltsium. 4€ CTPEF M.

From Nicopolis Ambracio was torn from the bosom, eelebre from the victory of Octavian, the temple Apollo, and the games for the sake of life. safe

Silver autonomous with pal-head See Ladis and Pegasus, who belong here in the forests of the colonies of Corinth.

There were other tribes in this city. no- my Lyra. X AKTIQN. Gryphus, AE.

m) de Pal, Neap, p. 240

n)lcon.p. 868

o} No, 76 p) Exc. leg. 5

ACARNANI A.

To this Goltzius the messenger somewhat opposes, etei Apollo's arguments are not characteristic of the Acts Let them be disgusted, other silver from the same Goltzio published with a boar's head, and water la, and them wrongly read AKTION for ATTTIQN to be Lycti of Crete, already It is clear enough, that Paciaudus published another in written AKTIEX)N 4), but who Calci- is the whole of Euboea, as is clear from the conference the Pellerian gods 7).

4 L Y Z 1 4.

Mentioned by almost all geographers. Strabo adds, *) had three sons, Alyzeus, and Leuca- days, who had reigned in Acarnapia, and from these two cities were built you, Alysia and Leucades.

Head of Pallas, £AAT. Her head heaven, put the club AE. III. (Hunter.)

This coin is safer for this Alyzia tri- I would rather than what I saw, Combio, Alvon of Liburnia.

This also applies to silver AAT.

in the type of the colonies of Corinth, which among see these descriptions.

Perhaps the god of this city is also which see described in Alyattis Bi- thynias

AR. and 4E. RRRR.

4 ANACTORIPM.

At the bosom of Ambracium, | Apollo's head € NAKTOPIN. Lyra. AE. IIT

185

This coin was taken by Gessner from the Pfau museum recites t). But it seems to be read in it ANAKTOPI(£)N, since there is no city She was known by the name of Nactorius, and that type of Apollo, to whom the field of Ánactorius cer was, it easily belongs here

Didrachna ANAKTOPIQN should be seen in the forests of the colonies of Corinth

e." +

Once upon a time I had taught this city mum: AN---PIQN. ZAKAPNANQON. Apollo sitting ©) with mine, and with the Pembroke god bestowed *) appeared, the remaining letters of the former are different not to be, but a magistrate, and fill you give by reading: AIZXPIQN, AIZXPIX NOZ, and the relevant money for commu- not Acarnan, AR. and 4E. RRRR.

4 MPHILOCHIVM and ARGOS 3 4MPHILOCHIPFM.

Amphilochia was a part of Acarnania, in which name the silver autonomous two you, but only by Goltzius, fully inscribed AMOIAOXIQN, In one of these Hercu- les taming the bull, on the other with ty Pis Palladis and Pegasus will return to the conversation the gods of the Aeolians of Corinth. v

His head of land was 2 frgos, it is said therefore 4fmpAilochium, which from Argis He was distinguished from the Argolids. This Argos in- let them say that the names inscribed APTIQN with the ty-

————————— 2000

q) Animadv, phil, p. 85. 47 u) No. vet, p. 109. (Fol, 11)

r) Rec. III. Tab. 92 No. 13 x) P, II, tab. II. n, 3

.S)L.X.p.m.450. ^ *) Tab.

Aa

13 57

-

180

of Corinth, which will be discussed in Co. rintho, others of this city are not certain they stand Which Pellerinius typed differently he called here, to be restored to Argis Ar- of gold, I will teach the gods of this city. AR. RR

HERACLEA |

Vrbs of Acarnania to the witnesses of Pliny and Ste- pano

Pellerinius attributes the bronzes to him: Caput Hercules, X HPAKAEQTAN. walking or running, under the club, in various ways graph Y). The same again later he bought and recalled Herdclea of Lucania but with invalid arguments z). Everything in uncertain as to the number of Heracles, -

LEVFCAS

Once the narrow strait of Acarna later joined by a pierced neck in sula returned, in which the city of surnames and famous

P

Autonomous,

Diana stood looming over the robed base head lobe d. acrostolium, for the feet deer (in Pollerinian, Caesar also holds it harmful). In ple place the fixed spear on the cross, on which the volu

cross, all within laurel. X AETKA-.

AIQN added official ITEISIAAOZ, or otherwise. Ship. AR. H, (Mus, Caes. Pellerin.) l

The burning altar X AETKAAIQN. filter ba inira the crown AE. (Arigoni.)

and another museum

ACARNANIA

Deer, lunula, hair tied in a knot the beds make Diana manifest, At What does the bird want? the same dove appears from heaven, in the same way as in the following nume, I do not know.

from * *

The head of Hercules. X AETKAAIQN. Cla- go inside the laureate added to the Magistracy. AE. III. In others: Lyra. AE. II. (Mus. Caes.)

The gods who hold the lyre on the opposite side they present a certain Hercules. Muses which is confirmed by the coins of Pomponius Musa. But if anyone wishes to attribute it to Apollo, he will find in this city the fan of Apollo Leucata, and an annual festival in his honor death, by which the accused was hanged with birds and feathers from the rock called the Forest of Leuca it was said that the god the cause of the attack was precipitous, of which the of Strabo *), But the first, who volun- he chose this kind of death, it was Phobus of the Codrid family, as rat Plutarch 5),

*

D & Beilerophon Pegasus riding a spear in it twists X AEYTKAA. Chimaera, AR, IH, AE. III. (Mus, Caes. Pellerin Suppl. 11,

P. 42.) The origin of the type of both faces is Co-

. Rinthiacum is openly spoken of, whose also

was a colony, we will say below in Co- rintho For there are also two drachms

—— M MM MÀ —— —M ES

y) Rec. T. L p, 90.

z) Suppl, III. p. 85.

a) L, X. p.694 b) of Virt. many

ACARNANIA

as usual the colonies of Corinth typó in- written by AET or AETKAA AR. pet AE B.

-

^ Emperor

The only one so far brought to light, and

from Pellerinius ^). It is convenient, AETKA-:

AION. Club within laurel. AE. RRRR.

OENIADAS..

At the gates of Achelous.

Jupiter's head X OINIAAN The head of the rile bearded double-horned bull zum, and going into the bull's neck, AE. II. (Mus. Caes.)

The head of Pallas, in another; Hero's Head the beardless lion's suit has been stripped of its roof. X Without

epigraph The same type. AE. II. (Mus. Caes.).

Averse to these gods bet, at the gates of which the city is situated, and in what place He was believed to have almost fixed his seat. For when

Sophocles tells him, in the struggle for

He says that Deianira came down with Hercules he came x' Oiiada", from Oeniadis 4), Because of the harmony of the argument those of other places who lack inscriptions are usually called back here

AE. C.

layers

From the more illustrious cities of Acarnania.

Perhaps the head of Apollo. € ZTPA. the trip half moon, AR III

VVisius conveniently brought this coin here he reports °), his judgment of course flowed triply,

18 T Apollo was especially worshiped in this region attribute

Whether the deity also belongs here. ZTPATIO - a type of bird that was published in three Greek medals of Antonius Bene- said page 20, I dare not vouch for it. It is in the museum of the Prince of VValdeck very much like an eagle tis type with the probable epigraph ZTPA- TION, yet in this only the letters TPAT they are quite certain.

AR. RRRR.

THYBRBREV M.

Near Lefkada. MENANAPOZ A bearded man's head

I prefaced with the double horn of the bull, and in the bulls.

off the neck, €OTPPEION, or OTP- PHONE Apollo sitting naked d. bow before tends to AR. 11. (Mus. Caes, Pellerin.)

These gods are very similar to those whom we under the name of Ácarnan, follow those above we saw

* Ld +

Head of Pallas, 10 OTTPEXXYN. nocturnal in the clear faz area, AE. 11. (Mus. Sa- shy.)

This god was once here for me It seemed to be referred to f), in which place, however I said that it was also for Phyreus of Argolis some reasons

Here I add the two-drachm OTP. arguments to the colonies of Corinth, of which it is spoken in this currency.

. 4R. R. AE, RRRB.

pM NECI NNNM e e ca Cem

e) honey I. p. 98. d) Trachin, v, 518.

f) No. vet. p. 110; Aaa

e) Mouse, Bodl. p. 6.

188

WALLPAPERS

One of the Teleboid islands of Leucadis adjacent

Head of a woman, € TAODAI. Pegasus half, AR, Il i

Hojas believed that this island mat Pellerinius £) I do not attack men to prevail over the opinion, even if he prefers it

AETOLIA

embrace, if written essel TADIAL The same Khellivs bronze, inscribed as he thought, TAPIAI ATO. but that he was a Dyrrhachian god, cui in meis Numis vet, 3), Numum TA Combius refers here, but whom Tanagree I think that Boeotia should be restored.

AR, RRRR.

: 4 AND O LI A.

. Every nation has its own autonomous gods

He had every metal.

The head of Pallas, or, the head of Hercules. X AITOQAQN, Fir hat covered with shields seated hanging on the left side of the glass diolo d. holds a spear, s. Victoriola, by

her various seals and monograms AY III. (Mus. Caes, and M. Ducis.)

Male head with laurel. X AITOAQON, Fir s. sword holding clay, d. He rests on a knotted staff, and he puts his right foot on the sazo. AR. I. (Pellerin, Beger.)

Most likely, it is a sign of the opposite party to be the same, though forged in a different situation. Whose that of a god, or a hero, is difficult to establish, Spanhemius in numo, who al-

. Meleagrum is similar to the three mentioned

or Aetolus, the leader of the nation, Begerus Appointed to indicate Apollo, of whom li- See more at Begerum X).

* * EE &

A woman's head covered with veil, Æ% Al- TO.AQON. running auf AR, HI. (Mus. You kill.)

8) Rec. III. p. 115 1) Met. SEVEN. 317

b) Appendix, II. p. 146.

Jupiter's head, in the wings: youthful uncertainty then X AITQOAZQN. hay and man- the wild boar AE. II. (Mus. Caes.)

The bearded head of the twin of Janus. $ Without epigraph The tusks and jaws of the boar. AE. II. (Mus. Caes.)

In the first place I describe the work of Argent they are the most elegant, they stand at the head of Atalan tae, covered with a hat after the manner of a huntress, and on the reverse the wild boar Calydonium, namely de- because the Aetolis domesticated by the notorious ex- the march of the Greek youth in one the destruction of the wild boar was sought, and abundantly known from mythologies, in se- with the bronze swords of the same beast bull, and the hunter, whose blow excepted, they compare, which type of vi-

dere is also on the coins of Apollonia of the following, Ámphissensei in Lo-

cris of oak sites, and we have already seen in the gods of the Oetae of Thessaly, this man- the dibula was a sacred relic of the Aetolians,

even if only for the glory of the country in heaven purposes; - for the very Aegean of Arcadia

was preserved by the gift given to Atslanta, which Tegeaea is called Ovid!), from which city

i) Pag. 96. k) Observ. whether ant

,

AETOLIA

Augustus after his victory at Actium He moved to Rome?), the last coin Argument only eausa Aetolica con- janzi, for the name of the city is retained in it there, most likely, signed in any Yes- The head of Janus in the city of Lia, no that Greece itself is disgusted with this, for The god Amphipolis and of Thessalonica, but that it is more frequent found in the Italian gods. Additionally, re- it is known that he was in old Pandaria, ho- on the day of Pentothene. If this is granted, no du- bitum, in any city of Apulia as well, of which once belonged to the family of Diomedes He was equal to Aetolo, of course his city Árpi ex for the same reason the Calydonian boar was warned he expressed with his Av. RR AE. R.

AEGITIJVP M.

= The town of Thucydides may be remembered by one fair, moreover, as of an obscure name, so and so site |

Vaillantius, emperor of Plautilla, in where before he reads: AID'AIAT £N "), sub- hence AITEIAT4QN °), in a certain city Ae- he gives a towel; true from A«yr;o Thu- a neuter ending can be formed witness I found the same coin among the pictures but, a museum unknown to me, in which I read AI- DEIAT (XN. Perhaps gods similar to other which belong to the Aegas in the Peloponnese when it is established, the cities of this peninsula even those that were most ignoble, per only the command of Severus, and generally

189

in the type of Aesculapius, that he had signed the gods, Strabo and Pausanias mentions Aegas of Achaia, but they add that it is no longer inhabited. But

it could be done, so that the inhabitants

be chased APOLLONIA

Learned from Livius alone P), whose in The site of Aetolia is confirmed by the god Pellerinius autonomous : |

Head of Diana X ATIOAA X, Mandión- la apri , spear, AR, TIT

AE, RRRR. 7 Athamanes. Which other geographers attribute to Epirus A woman's head. veiled, 10 AOAMAN Soldier standing d, bowl, s. caste, AE, III.

(Pellerin.) AE. RRER

C4LYDON.

An ancient city of the name in Greece.

We use 4A.

A woman's head, € KAATAONION, Lyra. AE, (Catal, d'Ennery p. 97.) Bronze of this city: KAATAQNIQN in the type of Apollo playing the lyre, and in the X type Goltzius has already popularized Iripodis, 4E. RRRR.

Emperor

Severus: KAATAONIAQN., Serapis in lemplo distillo, (Panel ex le Bret Mem. Trev.) l ` l AE, RRRR.

-

m) Pausanus, L. VIII. P 694. n) Num, Gr aec. p.114 °) Ibid. P. 192, PL. 27 c. 8e

£00: Loc

; MIDDLE '

Numus, in which Harduinus reads ME- AM3XN and when Stephen was present, he gave to be the Messenes of the Peloponnese, shown below is given

NAVPACTV St

Maritime, now Lepanto. Silver You have NATIIAKTI®QN in Goltzio, Di- a drachmum of the argument of Corinth, and in-

L O'C

Locri was a triple people, (from Epi- zephyriis act in Greece M.) Opunii from the chief city of Opuntus, situated on the Euripus Epicnemidii from Mount Cnemis around the gulf Maliacum, both to the west of Oso/ae. Of these various Locris, see Polivus ad En- T. II. p. 574

it is closed, to whom the gods belong, who by no other word, or monogram- they only write AOKPON by adding you Let us consider the time when we speak of each.

' LOCRI OZOLAE.

The so-called Osolae

oil, that in these was the sepulchre of Nessus and of the rest of the Centaurs, of whom

a tradition of rotting corpses

fetid water, as Strabo states *), and Pausanias 9

LAUGHTER

written NAT published Pellerioius, him- which serves this Naupactus 3), of which below in the forests of the colonies of Corinth no we propose doubts.

PAMPHIP M.

Of the god inscribed IIAM«DAHZ fa Kbellio to this city tribute 7), but more truly, as See Argos referring to the Argolids below in the forest of this city.

R I S

Pellerinius gives to these two drachms in written AOKPON with colon type Corinth", which, however, is rather traced Locris Epizephyris of Italy in Corinth I will warn you, another bronze, in which from here the head of Pallas, on the other side AOKP(XN and ful- but he gives them only for the sake of Ozolis,

because in one of the former below Pegasus

it is lightning. But when, wt said, of the former the kind of gods hardly belong to the Ozolas,

Ozolis has no certain right to this monument

is In the same place another bronze conjunct git, in which he reads incorrectly: l'PANIC. AOKPAN for OTPANIAZ.IIOA€Q.2, which is Vranopolis in Macedonia, above I taught, we have none at all. money which we could certainly attend to Ozolis, yet there were two cities in their territory whose currency is superior to us.

pM mamme ROREM CC C P OOAUMEIGS1,1.LLUA—— nsi

q) Letters p. 200 uj Rec: J. p.98,

r) Dependent IL. p. 105.

t) L. X. c. 83.

s) L. 9 p. m. 653

LO C 4MPHISS A.

The great city of the Ozolas.

-Caput dpollinis. € AMPIZZEQN The venison, and the jaws of the boar in the middle of the star. AE. III. (Mouse, Cat.)

The gods differ only in their inscriptions, ce- Oetaea also had very similar lands of Thessaly, both peoples the founder Aetolum from the Calydon king's lineage bait, from which you have the cause of the type Aeto- the law on both sides. Compare the words in But he also betrayed Pausanias, Am- Phissenses, that the name of the Ozolas sup- would be ashamed to insert himself in the genus of the Aetols tem would have preferred X). The cause of the star by Strabo I do not ask, who tells, Ozolas, that re- the waters of Locris were situated in the west, if Hesperus is inscribed with the public lily

buisse y), although I see, Locros qvo- :

that Opuntius astro his coin survey, the hitherto unknown gods of Amphissa Count Cri- Stian?).

AE. RRR.

4 X1 4

This city was one Stephen in the Ozolis places The antiquarian therefore followed him hither they bring at0n09)0s : |

Jupiter's laureate head, in other dia- demated, € A Winged lightning, AE. TI. LIT. (Mus. Caes. Pellerin) In another: Tripus. AE. IIL (Hunter. In another: Lightning in- the crown of wrath AE. lil (Mus. Vitzal.) : But the same Stephen also called another Axia

RIS 491

he places in Italy, to whom in truth the gods pre- .

Combius judges the senses *). A very important thing

inert, Compare the gods of the Axis of Crete,

4E, B.

LOCRI EPICNEMIDIIL

Locri of this name, formerly with Opun- of those who were joined, the separation became proper They formed a nation called the Epicnemidians for a reason which I will shortly propose. Too much sharply Pellerinius di- he died, the more certain that he was of Opuntia I believe, or at least the common back and forth This is certain, both of Locris that one and the same type was pleased, as it will be clear

Head of Pallas, € AOKP. €IIEKNA Cluster AE. III. (Pembroke.)

This is the only deity of the Epicnemidian race He mentions the addition of €IIIKNA, ni it was strange that Mount Cnemid was present, (Strabo), who to the Greeks K»rug, Dorice K»upıçş. In the same way and Locri of Italy, which was near the promontory of Zephyr

. in fact, they were called EpizepAyrii. Pellerinius

The mum on both sides is very similar, but inscribed OIIOTNTI(A1N, From which per- it is of spikes, Epicnemidii and Opuntia were common types. Why do you doubt Jarie? they are the following gods:

Head of Pallas X AOKPÓQN, Lightning. AE. II, (Magnan Brutt. num. Pellerin.) In another: Cluster, AE. III, (Magnan. l. e.)

Magnanus has given both coins wrongly He had given Locris to the Epizephyrians, but repudiated gnat device.: But because of the reasons

IRI EID UTR ————————————————

x) Phoc. p. 685 y) L. 9 pam. 638. 7) Appendic. 50 p.24 a) Mouse, Hunter.

192 LOC

it is permissible to pronounce the rats less safely, either Greece should be attributed to Locris. En lightning in this monument also The tribute of Pallas, crores of currency, well remembered, vete- his property to king Ajace Oilei F. ab the angry goddess struck down with lightning, which no ' and from Marone, and others.

AE. R.

LOCRI OPFNTII

Sie said from the city of Opunte, which in- they lived

Female head crowned with spikes. X OHONTI®QN. Fir helmeted bare rushing d. s. target tending, below a helmet with casta, diota, etc. AR. I. IIJ, (Mus. Caes.)

Similar head, X AOKPQN. same ty- pus, within the feet the monogram OIIT. or OIIOT, AR. IIT (Mouse, Cat.)

. Head of Pallas X AOKP (QN. Idem the type of a rushing man, but with a bare head, etc threshing floor AR. III. (Mouse, Cat.)

. OIION. Diota X Star AR. III. (Pellerin.)

Head of Pallas X Sine epi iig Astrum. AR, IIJ, (Mus. Caes.)

- Head of Pallas. € OHIOTN TION. Bo- anger AE, III, (Pellerin.)

An armed man frequents these gods that Harduinus considers Ajax to be Olileus, who was king of the Opuntia b), however and Patroclus, F. of Menoetia, here also In the war "Trojan was infamous among the Opuntias He was born as a witness to Homer and Ovid.

R I S

There are some of these gods in the Caesarian museum some clearly remarkable work, which ex-. They have a grip on the internal shield volume engraved Compare, if you please, ho- type of numbers with a picture of Theo- nis with Aelianus c),

Except those which I proposed in the second place epigraphen AOKP(XN) offer mono- gramma, conttans, vt dixi, letters OIT or OIIOY. while reading OIIOT»r;e». I don't know them for which urgent reason Pellerius Epicne He thinks that they should be attributed to the means. For if they are when Epicnemidius was still with Opun There is no reason for yours to join forces with them rather than giving to others; but if after their departure, guarantees them Opun- to order yours, whose monograms they prefer In the numismus 1'" who looked very similar to the former are, even this Opuntia mono- gramma is missing written only AKKPQN, Why would I prefer the gods to AOKPON alone? distinguishing what is common to both: the people to think of money, and those who: Opuntio- rum either plainly or by monogram to remember, to allow Opuntias, even though pro- let it be possible, that the same currency also be used Epicnemids.

Ex numo 15 obviously, not Ozolas mo- I give Hesperus, but Opunties also in had instead of a symbol, see what was said in Ozolis, the head of Pallas in the nu- and the same star following him also an epigraph of Locris vindicate, Diota of the same god

for: c a n ———————————Ó——Ó€€m d

b) Strabo L. 9 p.m. 651

c) Y, H. L, II. c. Al

- "PH O strat Plutarch, narrating d), Opuntius the money he had obtained with care, was struck of silver, which came from the Delphic temple to seize the Phocians, and thence the silver jar of Apollo dedicated to Delphic

The last numus offers types, which

P HO

The region at the Gulf of Corinth, Locris and intercepted by the Boeotians. "The whole country no- autonomously known to me

DOK.. Head of Apollo with laurel. Chapter X against the oxen, AV. III. (Mus. Caes.)

DOKI. (/retrograde) Head of a woman. 10 The head of an ox. AR, III, (Mus. Caes.)

These are the gods considered for letters ma, and the way of work among the oldest

Phocides The first cause of the metal is perhaps one. .

who is, it seems to be one of those whom The Phocians were plundered by Philomelus with the golden gifts of Apollo at Delphi indeed, of which see what I have discussed more in my Sylloge I., in which place it is remarkable I have spread the money *).

d ik *

The head of an ox, added to the bronze iwfula, access to the numbers of this region pus, written next to (D, 'DOKI. PÞPQKI. O. That certain chapter of Pho- he established a tax discrimination, and he does nor the gods alone (P inscribed in another city ab be adapted to those beginning with this letter, The deity Fellexiad is singular:

100 IS.

195

We have also seen it in the sky, which is certain Epicnemidius, from which so much more it appears, among the Locrians also divided in- to have given up any connection or political or to make himself one and the same nation would be made

AR. RB AE. RR

C 1 S

DQOKEQN. Three bulls' heads in iri- corner arranged, X T suira crown. AE. I1

* 7 85

Chapter 4gollinis, 10 DQ. The horse is fed. AE. III, (Mus. Caes.)

AF, BRRB. ARB and 4E. R

AMPHICAE A.

And Amphiclea. .

Head mulicóre, 10 AMXDIKAL in mo dio laureae, AE, 15. (Panel, Mem. EN October, 1732.)

CYPRUS

At Parnassus, near Delphi.

The head (as seen by Pellerinius) fpoléess women's hair care ra, £ KTIIA. I will assume that it is true. AE, m. m. (I would drive away.) 4E. RRRR.

X

DELPHI

Vrbs from ancient times, oracles overcome. tion, an immense number of donors, which

d) of Pyth. pray c) Pag. 28

(Fol. 11.)

Bb

e

194 PHO the fraud of the sacrifices, and the credulousness of the nations had drifted hither, through the old or- well known In addition, smói- cus of the earth, since in the middle of the whole earth it was believed that Jove himself had fixed his ex- taking the experience, as in addition to Stra- Claudian teaches good and others, and agrees Euripides 1):

Jya p.so'op aos Neyjorrus vxo: gg.

The FBI is said to be the center of the earth.

Autonomous:

Several of these are made of every metal Goltzius published, which, if they were made certainly with skill and learning. They are enrolled

ÁEAPQN, and AEAPOT. True or

it was once said that A:oc unit number ro? Types: Wild goat, proper fe- a symbol of Crete, from which Delphi colonists set out, pis: was the most ancient A temple of Delphi made of bees wax and fins 8. Xir ridden by a dolphin, Apollo was present to Castalius, the leader of the colony lo under the species of a dolphin b). But some do not they are undoubtedly ill-read. So I type gold the lyre is of Chalcis of Euboea, whose si- I once published a thousand i). The other is bronze AEAXDOIN, AHMOZ is the deity of Syria known, and reading AGEAQUON, AH- Mon.

After the Goltzians, either true or false no one is sure of the famous auto of this city the sight of names, published by Argenteus Fri- , Dericus Witzleben k): AE. /in. monogr.)

» Goat: t Incused square. au-

C I S

ctor with ob'monograníma, then ob ca- the fateful pram to be attributed to Delphi tat, which opinion he also approves Froelichius, who restored the coin 1), at

more certain of the rest of Aegis Macedonia

to protect

Yet another to be remembered" who Del- It seems that it can be attributed to:

The head of Ceres was veiled and crowned with spikes the heel X AM«DIKTIO, Figura laurea- d. lyre in nixas, s. a branch AE, almost I. (Pellerin, - Rec. I. p. 105.)

And the epigraph AMOPIKTIO., and type Ceres and Apollo's sacred Amphictyo whether the council, in its antiquity and sanctity widespread in Greece, and in which cau- beside the sacred and the profane they look back, Herodotus mentions - the temple of Ceres Amphictyonidos ex- built near Thermopylae, and settled lia placed near the Amphictyones *m). Eti- am Strabo: he left a witness, Pylagoras, who were the same with the Amphictyones to have sacrificed to Ceres =). It is also agreed Amphictyoni established at Delphi with the college, which and of the public con- he would dance with things, and take care of the business of the temple rare, written in this god AMDIK- TIO for the usual AM«PIKTTO not ad- engaged in For, as Pausanias: from An- drotion testifies °), those who to conci- to meet that law, that name have been obtained, that from the places of Cirée Del- they were wont to come together by placing the phos, so said

^ f) in Orest. v. 551 vet. p. 161. k) Num. Greek, ined P. m. 645. o) L, X. C. 8.

^ g) Pausan, Phocic, p. 810 D Not, elem. p. 22

h) More usually spirit m) L. VH, §. 200

i) No. n) L. IX.

P H O AMODPIKTIONEZ. But of Amphictyo

see them, and their organization, which Antonius the Vandal gathered abundantly to dis- Sertation Vl.

Whatever the shape of the opposite part may be in controversy, Pellerinus Apollo is said to presumably because of the lyre, the laurel, and the laurel branch, I know, I imagine Apollo broad, but Actiac; or Delphic I don't know Of course, Apollo vades in abundance The god is represented naked, and his curtains seated, not, as in the present deity, rocks Rather, I believe, it was presented to He- rophilen, of whom I read these things at Pausa- P) the standing Sibyl of Herophile at Delphi They say that the oracles sang - - - Her Grae- Jove and Lamia, the daughter of Neptune, are brought here born En thee a rock in this god, and which is fatal to a woman, and oracles ca- the laurel and the lyre Nor is it objectionable that it should be said of Pausanias that he had floated on the rock, while still in the sky he is represented as sitting; for Clement Alexander Drinus, who delivered the same q), says, show di at Delphi zerea» Tiwu, Ep wg ^e true xaSuQenSas Tu» meer» ZiBuNN ay 9, T, A. some rock, on which he is carried said the first Sibyl, who was from Helicon

C I S. 195

On this occasion the bow should be signed, no dare to define

To the emperor.

You have a head with the Veailants Hadrian, Faustina both, and Ca- Rachel, the Major number of Hadrian. Ad- Antinous Pellerinius gave one, (Suppl. He p. 131.) )

Epigraph A€AO QN.

Types: the worship of Apollo, as was appropriate, they speak The statue of Sponius herself He offers the temple of Delphi 7).

Games: IYTOIA inira crown, in nu- of Hadrian (Arigoni.) that they had been acted upon, is quite evident.

AE. RR

ELTE A.

According to Delphi, the largest of the Phocis.

Head of Pallas X EAATEIQN. Ca- well of Neptune, put trident AE, TI. (Pel- lerin., Arigoni.)

On the other side of the god PQOKEQN, who is at Pellerinium, above the head of the cow gitur EA., which letters Paciaudo deyu- sc they were seen of this city; true when these vary in other similar gods at least they represent

she had come, brought up by the Muses. AE. RRR. Moreover, whether by authority or ES BOEO T I A

Autonomous under the common name of the Boeotians are considered to be abundant, Both of these shields must be observed

cut into his side in the manner of handmaidens. He is rightly called Boeotian, for in this for- but shields in the cities outside Boeotia

P) L. X. c. 12.

: q) Strom. L. I. $.15

r) Voyage T. III. p. 172. Bb 32

196

They are not considered to be situated, as it were at the risk of mistaking it for a certain Boeotian may be taken as a sign of tia, that more It will be clear from the various things mentioned asphalt I warn you, too, by obtaining a different type of prince of the same shield the form is seen embedded in the area of the god, cu- Pellerinius supplies the right two examples, and the same Boeotus with the symbol hoo that he had decided for himself that with celery of his Selinunci, with the evil Punic Side- tes, with the sylph of Cyrene. As a shield the Boeotians had certain forms, so also the Ga- leam, from which they were recognized as Plataean- they were painted in Poecile, who belonged to the Athenians they came to the aid of Morathonia in the battle *).

3 times * *

BOIXY. 2 Diota. X Boeotian shield. AR. I. (Pellerin.)

EIIAM, - ATAA - YAPO, - d». O. - ETFAPA - FAZ1. - HIKE, - HIZMEN, etc. Diota X Ciipeus Boco tic AB I. (Mus. Caes, Pellerin, Be- carry .

BOY. Diota, club above. X shield Boeotian AR, 11. (Mus. Caes.)

A bearded head of ivy redeemed with a bull's horn flashing from his forehead. X Without epigraph Boeotian shield across club, AR, I. (Pellerin, Mus, Caes.)

Numis the second seat of the purpose of dissimulation they inscribe the soil with the name of the broad region registered, but whose names are not

B O EO T I A

they are accepted by no other antiquarian. Thus ro «DIAO, to note Phidon of Aegis Nay, the king had been beaten, so much so to be one of the oldest, confidently taught Begerus t), and his nephew Caro- lus Schottus V), though the fabric and letters let them teach the contrary form, which they err (x) Bar- Thelemy Y), Pellerinius, Bimardus 3). Inscribed ETFAPA which we Boeo- will point to the city, Hardui doubts

2). To the name FAZT adheres to non-

Goltzius' commentator found nothing by Boeotia the city endowed with this name ta "). From the same vro HIZMEN, ill is- the tribute of men, is in the Caesarian museum picking a silver coin:

Boeotian shield X EPX. within the co- Froelichius tributes him Erchiae Atticae^), which was a village so- the case of Xenophon's birth was ennobled, It is true that those who teach God give others doubt it does not seem, in this also ro EPX, to mark the magistrate, | Indeed, in the like Hunterian is more fully EPXO., so much so Erchia Froelichius was utterly despondent. Am-

more baec are confirmed, that nonnlle

the names inscribed on these gods are really of men in Boeotia, and in command indeed, there was rum too. Don't give ttus Epaminondas? who do you have under no-

mine her Ismenias HIZMEN., et

he was famous among the Boeotians, and a praetor. of which much Xenophon d), whom lega-

s) Demosthes. in Neaeranrp. 876 and 59. X) Letters p. 10.

a) No. city ill b) in Greek.p.97

t) Thes. Bro. T, I. p. 279. y) B. L, T. XXVI. Mem. p. 542 c) Cimel, Vindob. p. 37..

u) Misc. Berol. T. I. p. 23. z) to Iobert. T. I. p. 26. d) L. V. Hist, Grec.

BOEO T I A

at the function of Artaxerxes Mnemon and by this money corrupt pro- . says Pausaoias °), and from whom the same re- a gem on this side of Greece Aelianus (f) relates the account. Other men are other people the notables who are indicated in these gods evolve Notice in the present mis, who by the fabric is not very they seem to be a distant age, still retained in Boeotia digamma F, and aspirate H.. If HIZMEN was really mentioned just like Ismenias, the age of his god we hold him close enough, when he is ready at the end of the 5th century, the fourth Boeotian the same name Cice- roni is written with an aspirate, namely: Hismenias 8).

Number 11 put in place the diota and e they offer Both to Bacchus and The worship of Hercules was referred to the Boeotians , mystic, both gods from Theban mu- to bind the progeny. In the last numo Bac- who, but Indian, proves the crown deracea, and the horn of a bull pro- thundering Not much ablution in worship the gods of Tarentus and Nexis represent the same of Sicily, see De Bacchus tauriformi dis- the serration of Campanise, subject to the numis.

Moreover, all these were gods of the Boeotians

they are excellent at work, and not too fat

smelling of genius, so once upon a time me, as in the proverb Boiotia uc, Boeotia sus, confessing the same to Pindar Boeotus h), Tzetze i), Cicero £), Plu- tarcho !), more truly confirm these gods le-

e) L. LIT. P- 29^. f) y. H. L. I. C. 21. k) of Fate c. 4. o) to Dionysus. Perieg. v. 176.

151. ?) to Lycophr. v. 433 H. L. IV. C: Oh. n) Diodorus So. L. IV.

19

a gem sanctioned by the Thebans, with which it is guarded as painters and sculptors ennobled images they would express in reality, (êç To xesvrTor) much has been denounced to those who do the contrary cerent m),

* * *

The head of Jupiter, the crown of the genus, redeemed X BOIXYTXYN. Neptune sitting d. delphi whether, 8, laughing, in the area of the Boeotian shield cus, AR. 1. (Pellerin.)

Even in the bronze Neptune frequent d. Standing at the foot of the cliff, it was Boeotus who gave the name to the people, Neptune and Ar- nes son "), and buried Neptune in Boeotia Eustathius then eloquently testifies °),

* *x

The head of Hercules the lion covered with a grin, X BOIQTON. Stepping fiction d. lightning vibrates, the Boeotian shield in the field, AE. II. (Pellerin.)

It seemed to be remembered here for the tribute of Victoria's thunderbolt, whose et to give an example in his coin to Bruttius,

"I"

The bronze gods of the Boeotians are common, who clearly seem to have been struck twice, Tae - Haymius gives two readings, in which the head is double P). Another is in Cesa- to the defendant, in which it was first signed. ca- put juvenile turned to the left, su- by which a woman's head was later sealed

g) in Verr. L, IV. c. 42 hjOlymp. VL 1) about eating flesh. he prays I. m) Aelian. 5

.P) T. L tab, X XII,

s

198

against, expressed against the same indeed, Neptune is one foot in stone standing, but the old ruins are quite visible extruded rice matrix. double fi- gura, the other is similar. Neptune, the other horse tis is on the opposite side of the Pellerinian god, who it also makes the double matrix suspect. But there is nothing more insolent in the matter of numismatics. cteno view of the type of his god, whom Haymius 4) published the Adi type, and at the same time help the author decide what to decide, and Oedipus sought in vain in Boeotia itself rent !

AR. and AE C.

ANTHEDON.

Bronze ANOHAQNIQN at the floor

Goltzius.

CYTHAERO YN.

Pellerinius issued a bronze coin when epigraph KIO., and type three lunula- rum.

. I know his own at Caesarea, and others in other places

to exist in museums, but those who inscribed all they will be KPO., which was enough for me once it seemed, as it might be suspected, mum from Pellerinius ill-behaved, all- which were to be vindicated at Croton, especially when no authority is established, Cythaeron Boeo-

The name of the city of the mountain was ad-

established 7), But Pellerinius in the essay and finally his opinion again the bus defends the macbins, and mine, ve- He who had unjustly harassed, attacks *).

BO E O T I A

He is willing to settle the dispute amicably. That certainly, all, as many as I have seen hu- of course, to prefer a clean KPO. If KIO is read in Pellerinian, let Tamus, holding out the money to these Cythaeros and then we marvel at the perfect ty- pore and monetary agreement diam .among the peoples whom the long land rum and sea spaces, none, that it is agreed, to separate the connection. In the sky of a thousand, which is in the Neumann museum, di- It is clearly read as Q9PO. But it is also clear the first element in this form was Cro- family tone

€ 0 P 4 E.

To give the lake the name of Copaidus.

Emperor Vespasian issued Tri- standing t) KOIIAION. Ceres stepping in each hand he carries different torches. He cites the same, and the same Vespasian Patinus, but misspells KOIIAI- QN v) That Ceres was the deceiver of Copis, teaches Pausanias X), Moreover, neither a Vaillantio, nor any other than this published by the city: I find a coin. I guess for KOIIAIQN read IIATAION, and then these gods will be like the Pagars which you see

DELIF M.

Jupiter's head with laurel. 10 AH, TA. Pallas standing d, Fictoriolas, 8. Copes AE, III. (Mus. Caes.)

.Delium was in the field of the Tanagraeans,'

q) Tom. I. Tab. 24 n. 5. hist, T, L p. 185. v) Numi Impp. on the list

r) Num. vet, p. 45.

s) Additions, p. 68. t) Comment.

x) Boeotian p. m. 756

B O EO T I A. 199

of which VVes has accumulated many testimonies selingus Y), where the famous Apollo existed fanum, of which see the face of Tanegra. Epigraph AH. TA. makes one suspect, le- to be given: AH y TA»ayeaiv», a coin. which is rightly called here. |

AE. RRRR.

ERYTHRA AE.

The old city, whose catalog I remember Homer also nits. Its ruins are near

Pausanias places Cythaeron on the mountain 7).

Flying Pegasus, put on the Beaver's hat. X- EPT sirum AR, III, (Mus, Caes.)

. A naked man holding a horse by the bridle. 10 EPTO "strum. AR, III. (Pembrock.)

Why do I call such gods here, cau- I can bring no other than that the type and the device are too flattering from certain gods of Erythrae in Ionia, and that these constantly write EPT. Secondly, Pelleri published something similar to these and when he read in it - EPT, Do not hesitate to give Zephyrius of Cilicia lives ^). His judgment was quoted as correct they say

"Go"

To these also Erythras of Boeotia not a few antiquarians called silver theos with the head of Hercules, and his in overturned attributes, but safer with these We let Pellerinius of Erythras Ionia, which I went to l AR. RER.

e

y) to Diod. Thus, L. XII. c. 69. P. 122

Harma

To him by Goltzius are given silver coins by the type of Pallas, and Pegasus because of the inscription ptum AP or APM., but these are more likely

for the argument of the Corinthian Syfacu

they belong to the fleet of which numbers it will be done in Corinth.

HILESIP M.

To this town of Boeotia, Bandurius gave a gift a coin badly read AIATMAI€)N. ElI- AHCION 5), who was a Miletus of Ionia, in We will teach here.

ISMEN E.

Witness Stephen of Boeotia, who I was once autonomous: (Num. vet, p. 113.) Por

Boeotian harpsichord. £ IZ MHN - -Chapter wild goat AE. 11 T. (Mus. Caes,)

I admit, not even all these letters - to be quite intact, even if through the shield that it is a Boeotian mum cannot be doubted.

AE. RRRR. |

The emperor Commodus was too per- he cites Harduinus as a function, rather than a museum name, or define a type. Epigraph it is intended: ICMENEIQN.

LARYMN A.

A woman's head. X AA, Boeotian Shield tic AE. 1 IT, (Pellerin Rec, I. tab. XIX. no. 4.) He added another similar Neuman-

n

2) Boeotian. c. 2, a) Rec. II, p. 162. ib) Tom. L

200

except that, moreover, from the other cly- The letters 2A are read in part. (Num. pop. p. 315.)

Pellerinius gave his money because of the teras AA, with the Lacopnum coin

it is true, since up to now in a certain quo-

his pious god outside Boeotia the shape of the shield should not be visible, and Let us have a certain city of Bohemia commencing with the same letters, we will think it was sent by a man of great wealth to deflect, and that monument re- to establish Larymsao, which Pausanias He says, adding, that you were a city of the Boeotians once contributed to Opuntia, but increased The Thebans approached the Boeotians against sisse ^). Hence the fact that Strabo did not ob- ``observed at the right times, as he rightly advises The cellarer would set up two Larymnas, one in Boeotia, the other in Locris, even Plut- the arch of Larymna, a town in Boeotia cit 4), Letters XA. to indicate another god to be able to Salganem of the same Boeotia, Neumann is suspected three times,

This, when I and Neumann let's talk, we saw recently Pellerini's senten- then to prefer Sestina to Lacedaemon

these demigods of the Tribnant brought forward to other demigods: .

Head - Hercules laurel. X AA, ZA. ~ AA. NI - AA. TI, Club inira laurel, AE. III. ,

The head is the same. 10 AA KH. - AA, NI. - AA. ZI, AA. TI. - AA, (bI, Fes AIO- AAA. EAT. Diota AF III. l

Boeotia

Head of Bacchus crowned with ivy, 10 AA. 2A, Diota, in the cluster area, AE, HI.

When, then, we did not take all these mummies it will be necessary to be a Lacedaemonian let it be, the money also of Pellerini and Nen- to be of the same city °). This man I will not deny his learned conjecture drooling weight Meanwhile in La- I will silence the hymns until it is established, etiani in other cities outside Boeotia if my shields were of the Boeotian form gnatos, and I do not know whether it is not equally he would argue, all these gods of Sestina to be rather of Larymna, for with AA to say ŽA it is written in the god that we are We do not doubt that Larymna, probably We also assume that the gods of AA belong to the same. NI- AA TI etc. They offer the same capi- ta, or attributed to Hercules and Bacchus, at who is ignorant of the worship of both, because in born in Boeotia, was in this kingdom hot?

AE, RRR.

MYCALESSFS. `

The ancient Yrbs and the verses of Homer litata, but only in the age of Pausanias there were leftovers.

MT. Lightning X Boeotian shield. AR. III. (Mouse, Savorgnan.)

Look at the various things related to this city meis numis vet, (page 113), in which place in-

I spread this sign of money.

AR. RRRR

€) Boeotus, c. 23. i

d) in Sulla P* m. 468

e) Letter IV. p. 56.

Boeotia

ORCHOMENVFS. So said by Orchomenos son of Minya the king of this tract. OPX. I'm typing. X Boeotian shield. AE. (Haym.)

A shield of this form forbids, by which my this is the Arcadian god Orchomenus I was given can

AE. RRRR.

PELECANS 4.

Pellerinius addressed us, io quo:

Head of Pallas, € IIEAEKAN. A horse feeding, AE. IL. He attributes to Pelecania, how He says that it was a small tract of Boeotia. Ex which he drew from the old geographer I don't know That is certain, the gods of Pella Ma- to be very similar in type to both sides, although that too is certain, in this Pellerini numo at least ITEAEK going how much I read

PL. TE 4 E

Vrbs the most noble victory of Pau- of Sania and Áristides of Mardonius the Persian.

IIAA A woman's head against a sea luxuriant in gardens, X Boeotian shield. AR. III. (Haym, Mus. Caes.)

Haymius thinks that the head of the front is Ju- not nice deceived by Jove's cunning, which it was the cause of the constructed Streets, and discovered the new name of Juno's Spouse, Vi- from Haymius this story from Plutarch narrates in Aristides.

AR. RRRR.

T 4 N 4 G R A Near Thebes.

"He stood in a field of gravel,

201

4uniform:

TA. A half-jumping horse. X shield Boeotian AR. I. (Mus. Caes.)

Bacchus head ivy. crowned, 10 TA Cluster AE. TII, (From the museum of M. Ducis edi- Are you in mine? vet, p. 114.) Lyra. 10 TA Caduceus, AE. III. AERmrOC P. II. tab 3o.)

The last god attributed to Apollo and offers to Mercury, whose cause he gives we will be in empires.

Arigonius to add two others, and the author of the Mausellian museum, in both pre- the epigraph TANAT'PITON, in that type, the bow, you will gather in this ar- behavior But Stephen is a gentile Taru- tyeci0c, with which it agrees and I Equens nu- the mouse of Trajan . £ AR. RR AE. RRR.

To the emperor.

Dl'ePMANIKOC. The head of the German nu- while 10 TANA Apollo standing naked d. ra- mum, 8. bow. AE. III. (Mus. Caes.)

TANATPAIWN Mercury standing, in the god of Trajan (Pellerin,)

Both of them are preferred at Ta- the worship of Apollo and Mercury professed, the attributes of which will soon be in the au- we have seen them conjoined. About Delia moso the temple of Apollo, which in Tana- we did above in Delete A statue of Apollo taken from thence Given Medus ordered to be restored to the Tanagraeans, as Herodotus teaches f) collustus with Pau-

Tx r p. e

f) L. VI. c. 118 (Fol. 11.)

CC

202

sania 5), but also the distinguished Mercury at Tanagram had the honors, will teach ad- rich causes Pausanias b),

AE. RRR.

THEB 4 E.

Vrbs if any other iNustris fame with from antiquity, for it was built by Cad- the son of Agenor F. from Phenicia indeed the omen of the prostrate cow, whose fa- not even the memory of Thebes itself, but the metropolis of Tyre. in heaven He kept the record under the name of Lonia beside the ox lying by the very name OHBE and by various and often sinister fortunes, apparently cut off three times, first before Troy ca from Epigoris, then around Troica from the Pelasgis, the third from Alexander M. from time to time restored by Cassander; finally from the glory of their heroes and poets figures, among which the chief one was born in this city Bacchus and Hercules

; go -- BAIOZ.. /exple OEBAIOZJ Fir nu- a kneeling man draws his bow. X. Shield Boeotian AR. I. (Hunter) God is the cause of all, as many as I know the greatest of antiquity. OEBAIOZ he is a gentile in the right, as NEODOOLIPES:

KPOTQNIATAZ, and the like.

» * *

Epigraph in other silver, which is almost anti-

they perform well, OE, OEB. OEBH

B OE OT I A

more ancient: OGHBAI, OHBAICQN. In one of these, Goltziano, of whom shortly I will quote, I also find OE, OEBH hybrid for OHBH already introduced, as the voice itself cet, element H. The contrary reason followed by OHB€ in the god of the Tyrians before mentioned, and this also lemme, unless more pardon be imparted set the god of the colony, and indeed in the age of Gal- progenitor of the spleen Td *c x

The type in argentets is exactly the same as in silver the common name of Boeotia we have seen signed: the head of the Indian Bacchus he- dera crowned X Boeotian shield. AR. l. — Diota of a definite form looming in smaller club X Boeotian shield. AR. 1, II. From which we may gather, the gods com- munitions marked with the name of the Boeotians in the prin- take them from this city of his people. In ho- therefore the Thebans coined these types see explained as well

r

*- €100 .OE. The beardless head of Horculi. X Chy- the Boeotian foot, to which a club was inserted. AR. II.

(Shameful.) i According to the writers, the old pri- many different symbols inscribed on their shields psisse, whether they were a terror to their enemies ri, or to display paternal honor, or for any other reason, which that Carus was found, reports He-

8) L. X, c. 28. b) L, 9 e. 22

B O E O T I A

Rodotus i), the same also with various causes be done publicly. The thunderbolt of the Bomans Sicyonius, the shield-mounted thing known but he inscribed Zi, Laceae A, Argives A reports Xenophon k). Therefore, from the present You are a faithful god, O Thebans they separated themselves from the rest of the Boeotians, Hercules the club of those born with their shields or inscriptions psises, or incised, whence I think that the

I poured my heart into the prayer of Xenophon.

while ambiguous, and so far I interrupted the explanation. He tells part of Arcadius with Epaminondas The- that he had joined against the Lacedaemonians * weapons, and to do this from the heart be given, he adds: émeyeagorro e xac ro» Aguaóos ónnras Bonaha è xotas, wç Oy-

Baros PTE, what a speech in Latin

said Leunclavius: and some of the Etians Arcades heavily armored infantry men must carry clubs, accordingly and if they were the Thebans, which a long time ago I was very far from the truth really seen, I know, in every age from a beard ris olava fought, and of old who- that by Hercules and Theseus, barbarians, but whom the Greek elegance He made the gods and the gods, and just as it is today barbarians of all nations, But scarcely cre- let it be proved that the age of Epaminondas you, with which sword, spear, arrow I will do the key thing in the battle. And indeed if the interpretation of Leunclavius is true that the club had been used by some The- banis, proper, because Arcades, as The-

203

of the banars of these parties, to seize the vessel. If not, so much the more it would be strange, this particular custom from the ancients the past, which is already pro- Epaminondas was still a bat, who ma- He was the master of military affairs in his age is a habit This was the case with the Thebans commanding all the Greeks They have overcome things, and surprisingly, not others also to the Greeks. clubs turned nor even Philip II. Macedonian who himself was engaged in the military affairs of Epamines in gave training, the key to his soldiers in- to have built, Why should Xenophon tis words seen to be taken thus, Arcades in- writing on the shields of his clubs, he represented himself The Thebans professed, since, as above I said, if the written parts are of a different nature they are accustomed to distinguish themselves from each other, as now a great guess for this The- the gods of the bans will be extremely strong. Ni- hil another thing to do conjeotu- the faith of one is worth more than if the other is to the same to be felt, but driven from a different cause. That I, from the use of erty touch, and pre- you feel that I have cast the decree of God, that is Samuel Moro of Lipsiensis himself, who through the history of Xenophon, a probable view from the laws of grammar. For with a learned man he would not laugh, as &7iye«$o is said to give names, for which it would have been absolutely awoyeapo, sen- I am of Xenophon's speech, however timidly, he thought it was good: I was crying: if they were Thobans,

i) L, I. $. 174

-

k) Hist. Greek L, IV.

D) Hist. Greek L. VII. saturday the end Approx

204

I will add: the club is famous. It doesn't matter I left the voice of the historical shield, because the general practice of his age had taught him, These differences are written in olive oil, ``conveniently: the same famous man Aristotle Panis calls here a verse from Suida: (in erzeyeape) Kai yae ov peyahyy ineyeaps ru» Joeyora, for you too (with your shield) you wrote a great Gorgon, in which we see the same êniyeapopas captured I write for f£sscribe, and call the shield omitted the light Moreover, in memory of the Thebans Hercules to fit his club to his shields, so also the Parapamisadas, an Indian race, vam like Heex^eeg maeacwuo» inus- the oxen, as if Hercules had come to him they would indicate, on which see Arrian ™), and from him Eustathius »?).

* * *

Of bronze, most of which also Bac- who are occupied with the worship of Hercules, com- one to remember:

OE, the bearded head of the Indian Bacchus, and ivy redeemed, X KEQYPIIIOPIOZ, Diota, juxta thyreus, AE, IIL (Goltzius in Greek, tab. XVII, 1.) A very similar edition says Pellerinius, but without OE, (Suppl. 11T. p. 109.) But in others it is read KETPIDI'O- PIOZ, so to speak. (Mus. Caes.)

Jure Goltzius coined his Theban inserted the coin, but his Pelleri- the island of Ceae, situated near Attica, that is, to those who dictated this judgment of the letter KE., to whom his gods are generally those distinguished, and those who are absent from his presence

and

BOEO TIXA

letter OE It seems that the learned man did not re- He turned his attention to the mentioned nume. Gol- tzian, in which they are also available letters OE.. certain coins of Theban in-

you will say, and even if these were absent, yet in

to them also the head of Bacchus, and the vessel of Diotüm as well they are perfectly similar to those in the certain They compare the gods of the Thebans, so that cannot beat them, they also move them nets to be fired. But who then let the sense be opposite to the inscription, less safe to fall, Pellerinius letters KE a divides the following points, Goltzius con- He proposes to the magistrate, of course, to someone Cefriporius was the name of Theban, among - a&7icTa is not to be referred to, these writings ram, when the gods were brought to Vienna the two most similar, and the most complete, in the dark that the letters OE are missing, whence it is to be suspected however, Goltzius had already done them in his own way when you have learned enough, you have become so much more certain let the Theban god escape, that after the letters KE there is no pun ctum, on which the Cea of the Pellerini fell. Finally, the whole term is read KE-

TPILIOPIOZ, the sixth luminous element

FT, not II. AR. R. AE. RRR.

THESPIA

Near the Gulf of Corinth. Vrbs Cu- the most vivacious of the pidini, of which the first ex in the old fashion the statue had a stone rough, when Lysippus had enough of bronze, but the much more excellent marble Pra- xiteles, which was left by the author himself

m) Exped, Alex, L. V, Ce 5, and Hist, Ind, (E. n) ad. Dionysus By Ye 1153. Pn It is

Ld

B O E O T I A

all his artefacts were far before Phryne ama- let °). One of his reasons for seeing it had been the Thespians, with no other pre- that, said Cicero P.), from time to time Rome translated by Caligula, restored to his own people by Claudius, again taken by Nero and placed in the schools of Octavia, finally consumed by flames to betray Pausa nias 4), and Pliny 7).

OEZIIIKON. Head of a woman, in a box

Luntlae two X Boeotian shield. AR. 1.

(Mus. M. Ducis.) |

OEZ2Z, Head of a woman, before which the moon Óícormis In another: Two little flowers. X Cly Boeotian foot AR. III. (Pellerin.)

A woman's head uncovered. X OEZITIECQLN. Lyre within laurel. AE. MI, (Mus. Caes.)

It is more insolent in the epigraph of the god 1. OE- ZIIIKON, which is "ryr;xo" posited for i9».x« I have discussed many other things °). Ima-

ATT

ATHENS. Act a of the famous gods of this city in several singular dissertations, by Ou- dineto *), Comite VVinehilsea b), Corsi- nio ^), to whom add Begerum, Wise, Pel- lerinus, Apostle Zeno 4), as well as lo- the Hunterian treasure chest. From these

205

Phrynes of Delphi placed in the script read: "DPTNH, EIIIKAE- OT OEXIIIKH t). Generally typed

They profess the worship of Junae for an uncertain reason.

* * *

We gave certain gods to the Thespians. But I consider them to be among the uncertain in whose area is 50, which is the habit is for © of the square form by Hay- mio 8), Froelichius x), Pellerinius y), Khel- lio =), and whose form also occurs in two Athenians at Haymium. Ex by whose judgment all the gods are alike marked element, for there are many of them and various, already Thebes, already . Thespis now the Argolides of Thyrea have been adjudged for which reason see more in strema of this city.

AR, and AE. RRR.

l C A

I will ask the sources for those things to be explained They belong to the Athenian currency, . experience be, where necessary, versions Autonomous, These are conveniently divided into three classes wall, gold, silver, bronze,

o) Pansar, L. I. C. 20. and L. IX. C. 24

P) in Verr. Li IV. C. 2. q) L. 9 Ce 24

r) L. 36 p. 726. s) Num. vet. p. 234. t) Athenaeus p. m, 591. YT. Lp. m. 231. x) Not. elem. p. 24. y) Bec. T. L p. 158. z) Appendix. I. p. 41. 2) B.L. T. I, P: 219. b) Haym. T. I. p.m. 159. c) Fast. Attic, T. u, P 219. d) Letter T, IL p. 124.

~

206 .A T T

Coins

Have no coin of this metal . I am certain that Binos will possess himself somewhat so thought Pellerinius ¢), anepigra- both of them, persuasively so I typed a mockery, but what in many of the gods of other cities, as is evident, caressed The first hour of the goat type and The nightshade offers a certain criterion; the other with the head of Pallas, and dio Z4, is undoubtedly a Tarentine, as already other times. I tried f). Serious ipee man the bottom of his decision began to distrust £}, and the mullet he recognized as a certain golden one hujas of the city Spanhemiuns se his complu- He testified that he had seen the golden feet in various museums. there, but in which? what is their form type? This man is jealous of us b), Recently the illustrious Combius in the catalog of mu- He issued a gold to the Hunterians for his for- mae, whose abundant silver of the older we have the form: the head of Pallas. € AOE After standing at night, put the olive branch and the fennel. He adds, that this particular medal of the king mu- that the efficiency of Hunterian gauze had increased i), whose faith is judged by those who have seen Derique and Vyinckelmannus of Athens that he had seen the gold in the Farnesian Museum (10) but what an illustrious man in the matter of numismatics he is not the author at all we know heavy

Is that city, therefore, overpowering none? Do you like this metal? of course

I C A

if we listen to the comedians and scholiasts, At but it is proper for them to play in the spring twice, of these to deceive and be deceived, from the Comices Aristophanes, whom almost from the ancients they quote the only ford of gold coins patrons, in Renis v. 372, old Athenian the coin of the gods (a2y«m» spop a) Ope put it in new gold. (xam yev- 0:4). But in the following verses the old one calls it the proof and the pure but the new worst old ones, (nine xa^- X4) it is quite evident, that in the first place fs- I am pleased with the judgment in which he spoke to meet with the learned YYise con- through Spanhemium, and others!). This is irony it is more clear when compared to verse 817 ia Cas- sioners, where it is told, a new movement the bronze net was abolished and restored He prefaced the silver by eloquently adding: dt*yvee cyxe yenpsdu, for using silver wall, no mention of gold. golden indeed, he also mentions the Atticus rum scholiast to Aristophanes Knights v. 1091 It is true when he is in that place in this also it is a sin because they are from the Lauriotic mines he will affirm those who have signed it, when, however, from these according to the evidence of all the ancients let the nation alone be dug up), it is clear, que- then his judgment about the golden gods themselves. it may be allowed to bear After this I believe no one. vice will give, if the authority of Pollucius auree I think that the attics of the witnesses 2} should be scattered. Au- other eaters, when I remember the coins of Attica

X

l

e) Rec. I. p. 142. - f) Num. vet. p. 60. 8) Suppl. IIE p. 60 b) To Azistaph. frogs v. 735. i) In the preface, p. 9. k) Hist. art, p. 65. new edition, I) Mus. Bodl. p. 128

m) Meurs. Fort: Athen. c. 7 n) L. 9, $. 83.

A T T

to spin, they hide the gold, Yes Demon quoted by the scholiast Aristophanes?) acting of the vulgar paroemia «wx sich AS which, he says of the Athenians: ux êr aeyvew ores da xus 8» XYaxo Xagugcug: Tw avxa, they sign not only in silver, but also in brass But why not this old author?

he also quotes the Athenian coin au- .

the fault, if any? Dangers with treasures, whether sacred or profane would preach that the Athenians were in war The Peloponnesians could convert affirmed that there were six thousand talents in the citadel silver chest sealed, then fifty ta tons of gold and silver not signed P). From this calculus of perils it appears enough, stamped with gold, not used by the Athenians, An for otherwise he would have ignored it, if the gold too born to mention the present supply? But if the age of Pericles, in which the Athenian his affairs were most prosperous, golden mo- neta dear republic, less likely le, that it had been brought in later because of its wear and tear the resources of the Peloponnesian war. demosthe lest whenever he speaks of the Attic coin,

always hints at silver. What if about he does gold, he clearly hints too, that she was a stranger, Clare it appears from the speech in Phormion 3), as well as Lysias complaining 7), to himself from Era- three tons of silver you, 300 Cyzicenos, C. Daricos, who to collect from the evidence in addition

cet, in Athens in the failure of the gold coin

1 C A. 201

that foreign gold was worth We will discuss more in the Prolegomena in general, chapter 16 So it was among the Athenians gold was a commodity, silver and money, as forever apad Ro- free hands heretofore, and today in the am- most of all the empire of China.

Silver coins.

She survived a large number. far away that it was the most famous ox, testifying tar Plutarch *), Pollux t), and scholia- stes ad Aristophanis aves v, 1105, Vnde they drive a tract of paroemia: (ec in: cvy^ec- 09 QeDuxev, the ox mounts the tongue, nem- when someone kept silent for the sake of money, see Polluce *), and the scholiast of Homer X), However these things will be, that kind of money already now there is no survivor, those who overcome ar- of the race, almost all of them from here the head of Pallas, yonder they stand for the night, about which the coins They speak here and there in the Athenian type things Because of the head of Pallas it was said. it was also Koea, Pwella Y), but «havwb fre» faster because of the 50cfwae Klinc game the servants of Gylippus accusing him of theft in Plutarch z), many nights in Ceramic, that is: under the tiles on the side. Ha- the trio was buried on both sides of Jo- you want the head, Pollux *), but where- We have no problem with this type survival, it is likely, as often other to raise a good husband.

Bpectato weight my various methods

P4

r) He prays, on the contrary

9) In Avib, v. 302. P) Thucyd, L. II. c. 15. q) pag. m. 943. seq. Eratosth. s) In Theseus. t) L. 9 c. 6. $. 60. w1.c.$.61. — Xjadliad. QD. v. 79. y) Pollux, l. c. 6.5. s) Iu Lysander a)1, c. $. 65

208

Attic silver nets supplied by Pol-

light, namely tetradrachm, didrachm, te-

trobola, triobola, diobola, obolos, se- myobols A table of these weights says Haymius *), but the weight of each individual numbers in Hunter's catalog are accurate be indicated that with Haymian's cal- he conspires with the most extraordinary, lest they exist in . in the Caesarean Museum, in Hunteris, and elsewhere numuli, which are half of the semioboles, or those who constitute the fourth part of the obol two apparently hanging grains, of which Pollux does not remember, and yet in my They offer a very well-known volume the Attic types, and the inscription, which no more wonder at the use of money

to serve yours, than to ours. come of age, these Athenian coins

experience teaches us the weights of the instituted with the help of this The speech was so wonderful Livius, who, in what place Flamininus de Phi- He gave Macedonian a triumph and captured it narrates the prey °), thus he says: signed ar- there were eighty-four thousand people hearts they call it a letter drama, about three the weight of denarii in each piece of silver is This place of critical characters, as de- cooked, wretchedly tormented, because from old age by agreement, the drachma and the denarius are the same were generally considered To say that Li- the way of the monetary business, in which one Gordius cut this knot very plainly tür, it was religion. Therefore, according to others, de- the nose was at that time drachmas and by weight of three hundred, others, for /riwm legen- while I was watching to see about the centenarians.

A T T I C A

It is true that the cause was poorly defended on both sides. because the sin exceeded the limit. Dena- then (I mean the age of Augustus) that he hung a drachma with three hundred, which Priscianus had gathered from this place, cer- tae experience from his age It is contrary to my capture. Be, place lu- xated, even if the word does not apply let the disagreement of the code appear, and he does not it is read three times with Priscianus "), but also and a greater excess than that which histo- Rich had to flee carefully, Se- when the oracle of Livy, if the reading let us receive about four pence, mus Atticus tetradrachm not four indeed, he has fully spent the money. True examine the institute with the most complete te- Attic tradrachms of the Caesarean museum and Find the denarius of Augustus, the tetradrachm to hang upon four pennies, as it were A semissem, or a quintery, This is correct from taught elsewhere. about the dragon money and money, according to the money the Attic drachma as 8 to 9. For with the tetradrachm 43 denarii is owed to the attic, or narios 9, from this also in the tetradrachm The passage of the ninth part is excellently confirmed the ratio of the denarius to the drachma mentioned I would like to read 8 to 9. let him properly defend cl. Dupuy °), great I doubt it very much, but that is not expedient now is vacant, but what for the more precise as to the weight, see from cl. barthe The doctrine of Lemius proposed in the Prolegomena for this general work Vol. 1. ch. 9

a.d

d) Putsch P. 1349. e) B. L. T. XXVIII. Pe 698

b) T, E pe m, 214. c) L. XXXIV. Ce 52

b

A T T

L € $

Ancient silver coins:

Pallas's head covered with a simple helmet, X AOE. / theft in others is right, it is re- irograda.) Standing at night, near the oil-rack mus e£ junula, AR. I.

I met Numi, but who was from Globose and unformed metal, though of the purest silver, and the form of letters removed antiquity they speak so seriously or in jest as often other times, Har- duinus, while the most ancient of Athens The gods did not leave the first Philippi Amyntee established years f)? We learn from the Frogs of Aristophanes v. 732, not mo- then, when this story is on the scene it is given that silver coins were used but it was already the same I am wearing two, but I would like a coin. indeed actes Ranas const V. C, 348, at Phi- Lippus entered the kingdom of Macedonia in the 5th century. 395. True, not only from the frogs' pa- seem to have drawn the argument, con- please bring the fabric of these pieces if not a raw, at least a stiff egg, which the Philippi exhibit most elegantly God, and then dare the work of others to imagine the age, as long as it lasts this silver bull tao mode, it will be said below in the sky On the other hand, De Pallas, governor of the city, from which the same name was given to him, and his Attributed to the night, and to say the oil ramp does not concern the matter in general: note,

He was standing with two olive branches.

1 C A. 209

* k Lu

Helmeted head of Pallas. 10 AOE (straight or retrograde.) ho E. AO. No- In to others: Two nights. In others; At night gather together under one head. You: others: Lu- no one, or three. AR, III, among whom some of the smallest, as I said above. (Mus. You kill Haym.)

Pollux reports, in the Athenians 8). But two nocturnal plexus occurs even in small bronze What was the cause of these insertions of the gods, how often solitary in we see the area of the Attic coinage, sometimes than one, or three joined together only to make a type of god, to ignore oneself Haymius says, This is also true He taught Pallas to claim the star for himself me Vlpianus asserting b), from Athenien- call themselves Apollo the sun, Ty» 9e A9r- what? except for Minerva, but the moon. with while Plutarch also had the moon Minerva it is quoted, and it is i).

In one of the prophetic gods to be observed O unusual forms.

* * &

AOE. Head of Pallas within a square. $ Men's and women's hair is made of wool mini jointed, AR III, (Haym.)

Cemes Winchilsea at Haymiom k) Cecrops, with his twin head, turned away from the kingdom He sees the founder of the just marriage

f) to Pliny. T. I. p, 412. &) Le IX. c. 6. $.63 a) it smells; mother-in-law may:

691. i) of the face on the moon p. m. 938 (Paul H.J

k) T. I. p. m. 264.

Mr

910 A T T

among the Athenians there was an author. Iron this conjecture is possible, though Pausanias who set up many statues of Cecrops in Athens He testifies that he saw !), nothing about his twin his face betrays him. It is not the same thing at all let him be a stranger to their opinion, who this mum under Erichthonius, who the third from Cecrops about years before Christ 1500 he reigned, to cast a seal, that is I say, who will bear it? From common sense the tendency of letters first from Cadmus, one and half a century after Erichtho- They were literally imported into Greece but O is of a much more recent age to the discoverer, either Palamedes, or Epi- charming, not to mention other anachronisms numismatics |

"AE"

More recent names. l

Head of Pallas 10 AOE adding ple a magistrate or simple, «t: AM- MÍ1AIO., or two, as: ZQTAAHZĒ,. OGEMIZTOKAHZ. — ANEMIKON,. APIZTOTEAHZ, or trióus, as: AN- TIOXOZ KAPAIXOZ ZKTMNOX. Stopping at night, diota across the area seal: rooster with palm branch, lam- a pas, an elephant, a head radiated by the sun, a flower washed, Triptolemus plowing with dragons various ilem monogratfimal, among guae

, Slem isolated letters themselves fae printed, all crowns of oil are included. AR. I. IH, (Obvii, especially Spud Hunter.)

I C A

Most of these gods are tetradrachms, and a considerable quantity, and in a more recent age com- in which year the coinage of the Athenians a new way began here, I fell He could not do that, but from Palladis' goldsmith in these gods the helmet, which in the older the bus was simple, not cast in the dark. They adorn her brooding above the Sphinx, and the griffins, captured in worship by the famous Palle push statue, by the work of Phidias, in Athens Placed on the Acropolis, whose helmet is on both sides this animal was decorated, as Pausa testifies nia Œ). See what the Welsh agree which is in these gods, with that which is in the remarkable gem of the Caesarea museum, by the work of Aspasius, I have lately discussed ^). verisimilitude It is therefore a thousand, these gods of Phidias and Perilous times are not ahead, however achieve JDurasse, indeed, of this kind gods at least until 5. C. 668, do- cet a similar deity, and a singular one, which Athenians Miihridates VI. to dedicate, and

which we will set down below.

These are the gods of the fabric, if with the old but you strive, more elegant, yet how elegant, and his, how in of other Greek cities branch, the most important to us to those who hoped to be teachers of the arts from the city. And now and to the old money and the roughness of the silver was acknowledged, and approved By Diogenes Laertius °) Zeno, the philosopher of Alexandria, or Alexandre M. ganter scalpel opposes Attica tetradrachm

—————————————————————————————————

D L. L p 13. VIII. c. 1. no. 19.

`m) L. Lk. 24 2») Choix de pierre. grave, p. 45. - 9) in Zeno L.

A TT

ma, which says as if xy ue xexopputyeg xus OOhom»g, randomly signed and lonely. ``The cause of neglect in the Attic coinage it is difficult to guess the giants, Spanish when he saw me, from Aristophanes Atticus was impressed by his beauty to be given, but those whom fortune has re- he said to the survivors, this praise is not pro- deserves, he thinks that it can be rightly doubted, Are these his reip elegant? god to they have reached us P). But it is not enough I understand what the reason was, why it took so long age, which of other empires elegantly but the gods spared him, on the Athenian soil he would ravage his elegant gods, and tan- and their coin indulgence to the ruder he would provide himself. But if the poet co- the lightning in that place calls the gods the countrymen x«A- Aw9T»c, Hercules did not look at the art, but rather the internal integrity of the metal, as er is clearly connected with the verses.

Cl. Defeat him with a little more perfect art

put into thrift rebusp family He casts the matter, as well to the treasurers of the treasury to those who set the price of a thin work, as better artists would reject the work of ma- whether to apply 4), when he wrote these things a man, as I gladly confess, excellently learned, he himself gave an example, how it is dangerous to treat the argument if not only of all things pertaining to it give knowledge If he knew the gods of others Of course he had seen the states of Greece, in .you also gathered the coins of the Áilic coin not only M. of the thinnest towns

I C A

Greece and Sicily, but also the rest of Europe countries, Asia, Africa, not even except under the Acarnans, the Epirotes, the Locris, the Boeotians tis, Threcibus, Siphnii, Seriphii, Cy- renaeus, etc., the sum of the discovered art. perfection, therefore all cities however slight, and scarcely in name learned, what was v. g. Drunkenness Cre- tae, he was so keen on elegance that They were not deterred by the cost of the experts the artificers of making, but those of Athens ab the magnificence of the works, and of any so praised and known for their artistic studies in one of the monetarised cases it was so frugal and illiberal in every way? That to believe, never in his heart I am writing, and not even then, if nothing else it would be left to discover the cause of the way of Forte I will not be mistaken if the lack of skill in the movement the neta of the prince of Greece, the people not a dirty thrift, but with a certain plan I think it should be repeated. Other minors avoid them, and the government of their land it was limited by boundaries, for the arts even with his own progress, the movement of elegance studied his granddaughter, by no means rum, because its use in marketable things the forum could be ordered by a magistrate, ad but the foreign nations did not He said, Another was the coinage of Attica. reason which because of abundance and money state not only common to Greece as we have said in Pro- general vegetables in chapter 16. but among the barbarous nations also the cause is widespread

211

P) ad Ranas v, 735. q) Recherch, phil, sur les Grecs T. I, P. IL

Sect. V. 6. 2 100,000

212 A TT

extended the trade of the Athenians it shines Why does Aristophanes put it at a distance? He calls the most important thing i» re Toiy Erhyos xa: TOig Buebueois rarraYs, not among the Grae- cos only, but el barbaros undigue *). Therefore, he was not interested in the use of commerce at least from the old, and I already know tó money just to leave, not in vain for fear that it should not be changed even in the slightest cases It can be done by a rude people, but not by barbarians It is supposed to be an attic, in fact it is nothing in reality coinage to innovate the religion of so much Athens He was in the same way as his old AOE. for AOH. in his silver shoes, to use they would continue even then, with the element H . the use had already been introduced, so as to say con- I hold

It should be noted that these gods are more recent

retained the old AOE address. for AOH

although it is established, already in the 4th year. Olympiads 94., which is V. C. 353. vowels lón- gas Hi and Q began to be usurped in Athens *),

and it is sufficiently evident from the writing of OHZET 2

in Athenaeus t), the letter H for E long ago in the age of Euripides, Athens to those who are familiar, and who are larger it is, even if the magistrates are under the same name the names of both novices - they admit the matter already, as it appears from no- . minibus Z (TAAHZ, OEMIZTOKAHZ, This literary inconsistency in one and the god with no agreement verisimilitude it seemed to Harduino, he denied, li- three times AOE to mark the name, but A9y" GE"), But who then came to us rich will give the word OEBH written for

I C A

OHBH unfolded in the Theban god rum? which inconstancy so much the more fe- rit, that the same letters in one which word they vary, from the god, whom Demetrius Poliorcetae dedicated the Athenians beware, it appears, the writing of AOE va- that he still played about the year Y. C. 461, that he still prevailed in the god Mithrid 6. with the name inscribed, who, as below we will say that it was not struck before 5. C. 664 could

Who are the magistrates of these names? pti, the antiquarians feel in vain, before others coins were made, to some men of renown, to others the annual archons of the opinion, of which here he hesitates to refer to the judgments; with conjecture they are completely dependent, and you can see at Corsinium x) I think nothing is likely to be brought: pos- himself, nor more conjectures to be made, to which Corsinius by isolated letters in the opposite area constituted the various attics He thinks that the peoples are indicated by Y).

The cause was learned at night; therefore to insist on the credit of most people, that in Athens the most excellent pottery con- were made, and the Athenians themselves nor would they be regarded as inventors, de on which see more in Corsinius *). Mi- I do not like this opinion, and I believe that more, as in the coin of Cor- ceyrae, "Thasi, Chii type diotae indi- let the proceeds of the wine be lavished, so that the same type in the breasts of the Athenians the abundance of dear oil in Attica nor with the first profitable, and from many

(r) Frogs. v. 736. 9) Eusebius, in Canon. t) L, X. p. 454. x) Fast, Att, T. H p. 243. y) l. c. p. 24%

u) to Pliny. T.I p.412 ^ z') r, c: p, 236.

A T T

eleebrated by these writers, which is so the benefit of Palladium's oil inventory to take the Athenians. You are more it will appear from the bronze gods, this too. devoted to religion to be able to be loved, as all other things in the gods of Atti" Then, there was a festival in Athens ioerq ve» xoc», which was part of the Anthe- It was His cause to establish the sterile ones Orestes, whom his mother killed and brought to Athens. when neither admitted Demophcan wanted to go to the river, that he and his guests should not be polluted nor yet to ward off, each one by one besides the custom of wine

which - from time to time was done by the annual religion.

was consecrated ^). This is a remarkable festival was among the Athenians of the name, just so much so that the arguments of the public money tdm, or it is clear that it is worthy of it Euripides judged that even his own he would celebrate with verses P). After that . had introduced Orestes to this new I sold Iphigenia's custom of telling her story appointed for the cause of Athens, she him moreover, he observes: Wow 3! A9yruioisi T uua Ova ru ` TaeNerq» qevesS Sut, xaT: To» DOMOV peys, . Xoneec ayyos VIaNA aoc tipar Nov. But I gave to the Athenians my ca- larnities The festival was the cause of the establishment, and ad- m to stay here TP MA vessel to honor Pallas po- flea 0

«) Athendeus È, X. p- 437. Scholiast, Aristoph. sd Acharn, v, 960. and Equit. v. 95

in Taurus v. 943. seq. c) No. vet. p. 161

V. p. 273. and in Veron. ill p. 259.

f) L. XV. P 669,

1 C A. - 915

The seals that surround the area appear at the Athenian festivals, rites which belong to the sacred as well as to the profane really Of course, there is no doubt, the rooster palm- to outline &ye»« daXexrevove» , gaile- to be held in Athens every year nis usual, the origin of which was once touched upon discussed °).

» * Ld

The most ancient silver They think that Guarnaccius drank twice (d), et Maffeins ^), which is, however, nothing else how barbarous is some abortion, as li. the barbarian lands teach them in depth.

Copper coins.

Some people think that this was the first time introduced by Dionysius the rhetor, who pro- pterea XoXwg, bronze, was called te- ste Athenaeus f), When Plutarch memo- ret 8), this Dionysius was the leader of the Athenians, who Thurios in Lucania they built, and this is witnessed by Diodorus It happened in Sicily in the year 5. C. 308, or at least two years later (V. numos Thurii), is made here, a bronze coin I am at least in the beginning. in the 4th century of the city founded in Athens. True Athe He does not say naeus, but a bronze mson. then Dienysius did what was requested, but was held back this suasiese, (cuppuàsvoai)} that one already by itself. - was reason enough to impin- Dienysius Chalcis was to be scemmse. Cer- we have more idioms from Aristotle

b) Fig. d) Orig. Italian, T. II. tab, 8. e) Osserv, lett. T. £) in Nicia p. 526. l

214 A T T

(b) at which point the complaint is filed bronze nets instead of the old silver Con- established The frogs will be killed in the year III. Olympiad XCIIL: the learned accomplish, . who answers in the year 5. C. 348, therefore elsewhere

at least at the earlier time of those coins

The innovation was completed, but it did not last long having established a law, from the same Council nantibus v. 816 we are taught; where it is told the herald's voice had been abolished. These things but the story was told 13 years later. Are there any bronze gods from the Athenians? coins for us survivors of his age, safely cannot be defined, about which a few warnings we will be The following epigraphs are unique:

A helmeted head. X ^B. A trip between

Punic evil and fuismen, AE. In another: A 9 H. Diota. AE. (Haym.) | The head of Medusa horrid with snakes, X ABE. Pallas marching d. a spear AE. He (Haym, Mus, Neumann.) . The likeness of the gods because of O square in the very times of Miltiades -mes VVinchilsea, but the arguments, which- he tries to prove this, the weaker ones they are, and deserve to be refuted. Yes from art, the knowledge of which is less misleading, silt to catch augury, remote omni- no, they do not betray their age, except when they are tis ex, according to the provisions of the same art reat, the silver gods, whom above in- We proposed three more ancient ones, these bronze ones age much ahead. to be surprised at all it would be necessary, in these square do not compare the ram, if it is so old standing is the argument. This is certain, ©

1 C A.;

a similar form is often observed in the inscription illustrious men which are certain artefacts of a later age, and that the square © came later among the Athenians I had already imported the element H, the numus just cited with the inscription AQOH. it proves enough. ®. for © in nor is this much ancient below we will be buried

Whose head is the ancient god of another Hercules, or Theseus, the count doubts WVVinchilsea, and he could doubt, because He took it as a shelter from the lion it seemed But that does not remove the doubt the Neumannian mouse, which offers certain Medusa's head, the eternal sou of Pallas cium, |

* * Ld

AO AOE. AOH. AOHNAI AOH- NAIN, AOHNAION;

These are the usual brass inscriptions. nes They are generally more ancient, who AOE., write The rest are of the latter of the age, and many by the rude fabric of it The age of the Gallians should not be infected,

* * *

I generally typed Pallas as the governor or they throw tributes and honors at him, whom so we rightly advance.

Head of Pallas, X AOHNAX, NIKH- "(OPOT. Trophy. Among others: Noctsa resting on a laurel branch with outstretched wings. AF III. (Mus. Caes.)

Pallas J7ictoriam, | AS9y»a» Naw, liberally worshiped in Athens

h) in Ranis v. 732

beau

A TT points out Meursius!), opposite to this Mo- shovel: Snow, To KEEIYNOMAI , ap d Now, y Teorey, xai Éocvoy AS9wrag ra- ea Toç ASwrcioig, I win, I am superior, a with which Victory, the possession of the fropaeus, el signum Palladis among the Athenians. And the reason Aristides speaking of trophies in this deity of Pallas k): Aaec alone of all the gods dearumgue does not have a nickname Victo- riae, but she herself is called Victoria. Whence and It is said of Euripides: "Nixa is cold, and Nixn." A'9ryva!. Even the night flying of another the god belongs to the same argument, for as the scholiast Aristophanes says (ad Horseman, v. 1091.) zocitae volatus symóo- was supposed to be the light of victory, and indeed Athens as Diogenes eloquently noted nut). What was the reason why Agathocles in order to raise the spirits of the soldiers, at night let him pass through the camp. The same also Mi- I see Nicephorus in bronze I met C. Clovius, in one part of which Victoria on the first, Minerva on the other Pellerinius bearing the trophy he saw two women as trophies

intended for mowing the building, which are -

He considers the Caryatids, and ex- pressed to the memory of the battle of Carya tae, and his women into slavery of abstracts?), with which he agrees and Count Caylus?). But in all things to those whom I have seen so far, and others pro- diderupt, it is a clear trophy. Ad the same Pallas Nicene from Athens The festival is to be referred to as a cult

1 C A. 215 established by them, and called Nixyryeia Ayraç, whose cause is expedient in Meursias from the commentaries of Proclus in the Timaeus:

so now google Miner's Victoria's Festival Alas, they are celebrated among the 4thonians, fa- solemnly sing it, touch Neptune not defeated by Minerva P). Furthermore, Miner-. Alas, in the name of Nicephora, Phi herself can day Minerva placed on the Acropolis intelli- gi. For Epictetus describes it in this way at Arrian 3): Ka: 3 ASyia 4 Dersu ixrsjvaca Tq» Xeige , xas Ty» Nix in! ary Oe£apeyn x. T. M. et. Minerva PAidia with the right hand, and wearing that Fittoria, etc. What I have said so far, Minerva who they correctly explain that victory, but not oust these gods, in whom Athena the inscription on the spine is absent, Athens perti to spin, for apart from that delicate they are more laborious than he carries the coins of Athens, he also tells Sestine, having met them in the neighborhood of Smyrna, and to be seen in the parchments, because in these one observed the monogram IIEPT 7).

* * bd

Head of Pallas XAOHNAZ.APEIAZ, Standing at night. AE, TII, (Pellerin.)

Pausanias fully explains the reverse narrating ), in the Areopagus stood "o" ASmag Aetiag, óv (Oesozns) áveSyxe anro- , puywr ryv myr, the altar of guilty Minerva, which Orestes dedicated Voice Aerrag Amasaeus turns badly to plead cis, when it is said rather like this, it may be seen:

i) Attic, lect. L. I. c. 20 One hundred IIl. $. 42. r) Letter p. 135.

n) Rec. I. p- 145. *) L. L p. m, 68

€ 8.

k) He prays. in Pallas. 0) Rec. d'Ant. T. IV. z 145

1) Ion. v. 457 and 1529. m) Prov. P) Greek bring |. q) L. II. -

. 9316

aleco, in which he stood, axo ru Apsis sexu, from the hill of Mars

* * La

Head of Pallas X AGHN Rocks, su-

by the geia temple, juxta statue of Pallas,

and the gate, to which steps led through the rock cunt, AE, H. (Pellerip.) |

You have in this remarkable name Acropo- lin the famous citadel of Athens, of which see many things in Pausanias and others.

.7 85

-Head of Pallas. 10 AOE neptune tri- gnawing a tooth, and Pallas standing, in eryom medium oils, to which jusidel night and the serpent coiled itself up. AE. (Haym. T. 11. P-97-)

Head of Pallas, X AGHNAIQN. No- ciua, oil, diota, below a palm branch. AE. III. (Haym. T. I. tab. 15.)

the thousand museums of Caesarea diota, palm tree

The former stands decanted Neptune in- three times as Pallas' contention, from both sides the city would take an appeal, of which abun- about the act of the mythologists. For the same argument the chin belongs to the other god, the vase pro- the wind from the indicating oil, and the palm the very victory which he instituted We have said above that Nnurrqeia did this.

* d *

Head of Pallas X AOH. Monsa, su- for which the cup of Pallas among the companions

, and the oiled crown, below the vessel, AE, Ill, (Meat, Caes.) . |

ATT

1 C A. i

The subject of pertussis is referred to the Panathenaic contests, the victors of which

. the donor of the crown of olive oil, and va-

himself filled with oil, on this see Meursius

who wrote a separate book about the Panathenae

wrote, which exists in his works. To- mo Il.

É$ k &

The cup of Pallas 10 AOE, enter the Sphinx crown of oil, AE. (Haym, Mus. You kill.)

In the famous statue of Pallas, which stood in the Parthenon, the work of Phi- day ordered by Pericles, a helmet, which the head was covered, the Sphinx and the gray It was decorated with flowers, which were abundantly described see in Pausanias, other cities are seen as a cloud, and cipue M. of Greece the same ornaments that he had sought his Palladius, that they might mi 9stendunr

* & E

Vulcan's laureate head, set for- onion, 10 AOH Bisa's torches mounted, AE. III (Pellerin.)

Head of Pallas X AOHNAIQON. False canus standing d. hammer, for feet in cup and tongs AE. Il, (Haym. T. 1. p. 184.) 3

Strange, Pellerinius in such iconism to stand the bright image of Vulcan, which I have described the problem, and yet, in what place the coin explains this, the head of Hercules with the go decide t). This money is remarkable explains the history of Attica, Erichthonius ve-

t) Rec. 50 p. 147

A T T

that the third king of the nation was the son of Vulca "not even Minerva, to betray many, cu- jue see the evidence at Meursium) which seems to be the reason why Aeschylus of Athens 10) Cicero ex He proclaims that he was born to Vulcan and Minerva that Apollo, whose guardian Athena ancient historians sanctioned the backbone Y). His the Hoa games were established in honor of Athens now, Polcanalia, who took charge of the lamp were carried out, of which Meur- sius *), to which allude the lighted torches on the opposite side, which is caused by They are also in the gods of Hephaestia Le- mni Add and Nonni's testimony *): E, 9eé Cla NN agóeoe,xas sua Xe» & o icyvnteg, Kexeoniu huyvoso Qepawysa. arov dsaxag, Megrapait &uporseoigi, xai Hpaorw xai from ASyrg. But if Pallas herself stirs, or with pain Vulcan affected

Cecropius lychni a bright lamp and

| falling I fight with both, and Vulcan and Pallas :

For another reason also the lamp of Vulcan Euripides gives it 5).

Ho«aoere, 9a9eystg pm Èr yapos Beso»

Vulcan, you indeed carry the torch at the wedding

of mortals.

* + ba

The head of Coreres. E AGE iroj: AE. (Haym.)

I C A

217

Head of Pallas, X AOH. Ceres bar in a fleet of winged dragons d. it displays spikes. AE. III, (Mus. Caes.)

Flying Ceres Head, X AOE, Tripto- let us ride in a similar car d. bone spikes tat AR. (Haym.)

The type that they offer is a fortune of both the former gods, they were encountered in of the gods of Eleusis, to whose mysteries there celebrated belong to him, as he said twr. Aelianus narrates to Baec °), Athe- in the Mysteries to sacrifice pigs more destruction than crops there Pellerinius took the second coin from here described in a very similar way, which. in it 1AHA he would read, attributed to Hilleia of Mesopotamia d), which error I will note in this. A story The agricultural magi of Ceres and Triptolemus knowing the bedrock in the valley,

» * *

Head of Pallas X AOH, AOHNAI/4XN, Theseus fighting with the Minotaur, AE, Il. (Pellerin.)

Head young, put the club. € AOH. Ca- put -a cow's hide, AE, (Haym.)

Head of Pallas, X AOHNAIQN. go ngdus loto nisn pee stone eri- go AE. H.

Theseus, who destroyed Miscnerda, tar- pique delivered Athena's tribute, better known story, how to tell him immo-

things He was now the guest of another god's youth Earl of Winchilsea killed Hercules

^

——M——————————

u) Of the king. Athens L, IL c. 1. d) Greek b. Journals soul L. X. c. 16.

d) Suppl. III. p. 113 (Fol. TI) B .

.a" "^ "EA. zt ox -P s MU cm :

x) Eumenides. v, 13 a) Dionysus. L. XXK. V. 125

y) De Nat. Deor, L. III. c. 22. 23. b) Troad. m 348. c) Nat

E e

| 918 A T T

give True when they do not add enough to the mouth features common to this tribe, and it is Theseus also used the club, in this I am also looking for a portrait, which I do not know we see, and the Minotaur, and the Maraotho bull they have a winning attitude. Numus 11. nu- at length he became known to the common people, cl. Müntero °). This is an excellent souvenir It contains an argument in fact that it does not. mismática new, but ``from other monu- I already knew enough about the mind, of course Theseus, at the command of Aethra's mother, and the sword, which father Aegeus had under his feet hid through, investigating, See fa- all the causes of this tas at YVinckelmann f).

* i *

Head of Pallas.. X AOH The ship, away which soldier marching d. crown, s. tro- He leans forward, with a bow over his shoulder. no- .Cciua, and the serpent, AE, II, (Mus. Caes.) . In another similar writing AQH. (Mus. Neu- Mann.)

Head of Pallas, € AOE. A trophy, before

with his naked figure covered with the Phrygian cap, his hands covered.

the bus tied back, which the soldier put standing re- holds AE, (Haym. T. IH. p. 95.)

The former name was presented to Theseus by a per- I will bring back from Crete the events of the slaughter of the Minotaur threw Oudinetus. But for what tro- a sacrifice to the Minotaur? It is worth following the wire that stretches; Pausanias, ``He tells is 8). in Salamis, the neighboring island of Attica, to be the temple of Diana, and to raise the trophy

I C A

erected in memory of the victory by Themis win this stocle spud, and be there the temple of Cychreus, for in it the sea A serpentine battle between the Athenians and the Medes in the ships is called the sight, which ex by the oracle's warning that the hero was Cychreus

to teach the Athenians, compose these Pav-

sane words with the god type. It is added soldier hero, to be more easily understood, sub by the serpent Cychreus. Notice also to the writing of AGH. Straight to his point the learned Neumann observes this nus, literally Theta of this form, though appear in the oldest records, in that this is not an indication of antiquity, but

. affected by chaism.

Another name: explanation: not ten to, nor are they proved, which threw Hay- mine Rs

"YOU"

Bee. € AOE. Various types. AE. IV. (Heim, Mouse, Cat.)

4 dpis, 10 AOE. Diota AE. IV. (Mus.

Caes.)

It seems to allude to the superiority of the bee of honey, by which name the neighboring mountain Hy- according to all the ancient witnesses He was celebrated as a nun. He also tells Philostratus b), with the Athenian colonists they would lead them into the lonia, the Muses under the bee specifically to have ruled the course.

"Numam another unusual Theta, which magically goes to (D, to be proposed I drew, in what form it is also in marble

x

`€) Heeren. Bibl. der alten Litterat 9, Stück 8.48. f) Warning. that page 130

c, 56, Ib) Ini unde Melejis.

8) L.I.

A T T

found in Athens, compared to what was published by Pac- i) A similar coin, but not enough the whole, with the EPE in it, should be read the matter, once I was mistaken in Ephesus. I drank 10),

* * *

The Earl of VVinchilsea in various heads the helmets of his museum Pericles, Aspasia, Aristides, Cimon, Themistocles, He saw Phaedra, Callisthenes, how sen- Corsinius has already disproved this tendency!). Full many of these gods also exist in the museum Caesarius, but it was twice doubted well of Pallas We have seen so far, Athe- nienses and most of their numbers guments from mythology, or sacred rites cris had drawn, why I also fear, as in god Haymian?), in which juxta ca- put the bearded and ivy-crowned le-

therefore, AO, OE

pis, a tragic poet, as he thought praised me, whom Olympiad 61 Suidas testifies that he taught fables, I admit, in this judgment the crown is somewhat supported ivy, but still strange tar, that the Athenians had this honor Tragedy, which is not granted to men most excellent, who remp whether war ye ornaments of peace to the highest glo- They advanced to the top of the river. But all this the controversy collapsed of its own accord, let us consider bad bed AO, OE for AOE. for pterae, that in another similar Hunterian no later this writing prevails, but

1 C A. 219

then that head will undoubtedly be that of Bacchus Indians AR. and AE C.

Royal i

The god Demetrius Poliorceta from Athens

See those dedicated to nothing in this coin king of Macedonia

* * t

Numus Mithridates VI., and some syn- Chronicles:

Head of Pallas, 10 AOE, BAZIAE. mi- OPAAATH3, below APIZTIQN. Nocturnal standing still, im the asira area of sun and light Nay, AR. I. (Combe Catal. mouse, Hunter p. 49. in the note.)

Head of Pallas € AOE, APIZTIQN. PDIAQN. THESE. Night after day, Pegasus was feeding in the field. AR. I. (Cat. Hunter. p. 49.)

Head of Pallas € AOE.AITEAAIK QN, Dl'OPU'IAZ. AJOZIO nocturna diota in- standing AR. I. (Ibid.)

The former two most eminent gods hi- they illustrate the story brilliantly, these things teach Archelaus for Mithridates VI, leader of the throwing an army into Greece V. C, 667 Athe- nas and occupied Piraeus with his help the counsels of Aristion, who was formerly called Athe- nion, but the name registered in the city changed, from the Peripatetic philosopher fa- ctus tyrant of Athens, whose rise and Athenaeus 2) describes the progress in detail

i) Mon. Pelops p. p.m. 206 »)L.VL

207. k) Whether, vet. p. 204. 1) Fast. Att. T. IL. p. 247. m) T. I.

Ee2

220 : A T T

Plutarch °). Appianus P), True year following the capture by L. Sulla of Athens, sum- and the execution of Aristion. Therefore KING MI- THRIDATES, as once Demetrius Po- Horses, and one ARISTION, neither enough thought, only the name of the king to bring about, unless the stars of the sun had joined together and the moon, the feast of the Pontic kings bola The other god again si Aristes It stands, indeed, that it cannot be doubted that he is the very tyrant whom the former god of brings, forbids Pegasus feeding in the field, who It is found in Mithridates VI. currency type, each one in favor of his king He drove here. It appears from these facts that I mentioned above, the Athenian tetradrachm times of this kind until now had been sealed, still retained in the old spelling AOE

I added a third coin in advance synchronous with the teeth, if only inscribed A film is the same as that which Ari- He followed the parts of science, and of letters

eminently merited for this one reason, that

Aristotle's writings from the Blattistines he said

To the emperor.

None of these is of unquestionable faith. then find not even with the image of Hadrian gine, who became a city with profuse offices hit However, the son of Augustus went to Athens nians, and indeed in the extremes pore to strike an autonomous currency, miserable

I C A

not in several works of the age of Gallienus he speaks unworthy enough, Ejua true ra- tio unknown, although others bring various things, but which are not satisfactory. But a few of them in exam to call, who imperial Athens

they were considered as coins.

With the head of Livia, Cor- siBius ex museo rev, 'l'rombellii Bono- (d) but when I saw the lamp myself, and I easily recognized the recent fraud in him, and I saw his likeness, and those of silver io many Italian museums, hence the fraud more certain Additionally, that in these to the head no woman should be added to the epigraph; what indeed, even if these gods were genuine, it would be difficult

it would be necessary to decide immediately, to be proposed to them

Livia's head

With the head of Vespasian he issued a coin Vaillantius : EMI ATEAIANOT, AOH- NAINN, the head of Pallas. Here is the announcement he quotes Franciscus Camelus, standup testimony of men, then who decides he says, when his catalog of the queen's museum Christina's perplexed

Those who are still cited him under Au- to Reli, and to Commodus, namely, the con- among the Athenians, and the Smyrnaeans, it is certain that they were more than Smyrna, as in it will be said here. : |

It is singular that Vinckel mannus 7"), the Athenians and Vespasian you have perished, the gods without an emperor the image of striking Therefore, henceforth, or they did not enjoy the autonomous gods, either only with the emperor's head, which

9) In Sulla. p) In Mithridates. q) Epistle to Trombell 7) Hist. Art. p. 397. edit. Dresden

*

A TT

It is clear from what has been said that both are false, a He cites: the Vaillants of his opinion, and VYisium, but who long to the praised places of men they say something else

Names of other cities to the model of the coinage of Athens,

Worth the effort, following the gods with rather describe

Head of Pallas € VOPTYN ION. No- the top of the diota $usisteus, on which is engraved B, ig area & 6os cornupeta , all inira coro- for olive oil. AR. I. (Pembrock P. H. . tab. 8.)

Head of Pallas, X IEPAIIT. ZHNO (dI. Night and day abiding, in the field of the eagle, put everything in the ajcagina. AR, l. (i.e. my The old man p. 149.) Another, but with ma- gieirasta KYPANNIZ AR. I. (Hunter)

Head of Pallas near AIOQN. 10 KT ACYNIATAN Night and day insisting, in the area of Hercules bare steps, and the club aiming a blow, AB. 1. (le Blond ex mu- Seo Pellerin p. 12. Explaining of something med.)

In each of these gods, which merit

"I didn't see, I was once more rich mentatus *). Their first being Gorty- nae, the second Hierapytnae, the third Cy- gifts, which illustrious all the Ur- bes fuere, it is said in the epigraph. Strange

for indeed that view, no, that it

Pallas of the town, and the night in to sign with them, as the Athenians, for his The worship of the goddess is widely accepted, but what so

I €: A. 221

anxiously type, heavy, metal, cloth but all that befell Athenion: their tetradrachms are observed, affected they went Contend, if you please, these gods and to confess, not in the slightest degree a departure from the original. One difference they make for AOE, the epigraph of the cities pro- pria, and affixed the seals of the area, which do- to be mestizos of their type, in their own places we shall see, from what is made, these Cre- you type cities with a certain plan The attics used in their currency, but whose It is difficult to find the true cause, something Plutarch supplied the light, when he nar- rat t), at which time Lysander with Athens He waged war against nothing, most of the gods for the sake of other cities also. Atheist Nocturnes were notable, but not adds, whether this law goods, or any other public policy urged, a certain beginning from the Athenian agreement with them in the matter of money in other cities, they convince the gods of silver almost 2 forms, in which here: Chapter Palladis, elsewhere: TAP., AOH. Nocturnal oil gnawing on a branch with his feet. These gods are himself the Tarentines, and by no means with Athens to mix with nothing, as the count pleased VVinchilsea "), it is clear from this that in other si- thousands, it is written in full as TAPANTIN.ON and in certain Athenians go in another way Pallas helmet ornaments; finally if If they had been signed in Athens, it would have been written AGOE., not AOH, the constant law in it silver coins Look over there I argue more in my cited work,

pA——————— a o———— —— — M — — À —— — — — — —— p 0 nnne

t) In Lysander.

) No, vet. p. 149.

u) Haym, T, L tab. 20. pum. 1 and 4

A T T

ANAPHLYSTFS.

Vrbs modica near Athens. :

Goltzius x: ANAQODATZ Apollo's head X Pega- flying pig If it existed here, he must be called here. The other silver, which He joins them, and whose like also a the earl of VVinchilsea is brought here Y), when with the head of Pallas, and Pegasus added ANA., here, I say, is the god of Syracuse with the mention of Anactor, we will behave in the manner below in the heavens lonians of Corinth

222

AZETINI

They are autonomous:

Head of Pallas, € AZETINQN. No- ctua insisting on the chapter of the Lonic order. AE. III. (Mus. Caes. Pellerin.)

Eagle resting on lightning, X AZETIN, Spica, AE. III, (Mus. Caes, Pellerin.)

The type of the former god suggested. Froelichius to give him "fsetinensius of Attica" 7), who, however, are remembered by no one of old. Hi therefore the gods still long for light, for Froelichius, who elsewhere *) 2fseniarm excul- psit, which was a village of the tribe of Attica

subject to pothoontidi, it is condemned by law

by Pellerinius 5), AE. RR |

. DECEL I A4

To the sea of Euboea, which was from the Spartans at the persuasion of Alcibiades the garrison was fortified for a long time . The affairs of the Athenians were affected. I gave

x) In Greek Tab. XV. a) He knows. elem. p. 77. b) Rec. I. p. 148 c. 21. f) Him, in Dian, v, 156.

no doubt

about which

See Thucy

y) Haym. T, I. p. m. 218. -z) Cimel, Vindob. d) Supplication v. 1. b) Fast L.I -—

c) T. I. tab. 21. - 8) Met, L. XV.

ICA.

Helmeted head, € AE, AEKEAIEQN, Caduceus (Froelich Not, elem. p. 81 ex le Bret.) 4E. RRRR. :

Elevated

Famed for the mysteries of Ceres.

Ceres barred by a charioteer of dragons d.

He prefers spikes. X EAET., EAETZI Scroll

do AE. III.

He published several of his kind VVinchilsea at Haymium c). A party the ancient power of the Athenian gods. We give the sacred name to Ceres, to whom the city itself belongs and the sacred mysteries were held there, whence also Eu- rivers 4):

Awprze égriex'- EAevusiwog xXSoroc.

Oh Cerea! protector of the land of Eleusis.

This serves what Minucius says 9): Ce- things lighted with torches, and surrounded by a serpent stolen data by mistake, and corrupted Li- He tracks the bear anxiously and anxiously. | These things they are Eleusis, rightly also for this goddess the sow is joined, because it is cued, veg "pure Mupamovrai, you pigs work in the countryside, you pigs they afflict the plants, as Callimachus sings f), Therefore right is supposed to be the first

The victim pig deserves to die, because he sows

leopard

He will be defeated. with the beak, spemowue that year judge indeed Pythagoras in Ovid 8). Therefore, there is no more acceptable victim to Ceres than you. Ovidio b): l

The first greedy Ceres rejoiced in blood.

pigs

Video dd

p. 81 e) In Oct.

A T T

Their lives are worthless, but the riches of the wicked are slaughtered.

For the sow is truly new, and the milking is kept juices

He found the gleanings plucked with his mouth. , . According to Gellius 3) the pig also pre- Cidanea was called, rather than the grace of the piacul may you take new crops to be sacrificed to Ceres He was a customer. See also Aelianus k). In Ceres, also of Vibius Pansa, he has a pig. AE. RR |

E R 4 D 4 E

Head of Apollo, 10 EPAA. Night owls standing on a branch, AE. 3,

Of this god, Pellerinius the editor: is of the town which was called Eradae, whose He mentions Suidas!). This place is self- give me unknown, But Hesychius, Harpo- Cration and Stephen mention Attica the said people of Heroea, but with whom does not conspire with the epigraph of the god. It seems therefore until now separated between the uncertain

'so, just like the gods inscribed in AZETI-

NN, of which we have spoken above. LA4AFVRIVFM.

In the solo museum of T'heupoli my two Gordians Pius: AATPEQN Goddess standing with the veil from the head wsgtie feet ™). Laurjius was a mountain of silver you will, but not the old people of the town imposed on this to remember AAT had also been written PIQN, not AATPE (N. What you said the mines already failed in the age of Strabo, Re-

ICA 223

cte, as it seems; argues Sestine, for AATPEQN should be read MTPEQN, and be the gods of Myra of Lycia »), |

MARATHON.

A nobleman from the victory over the Persians, the leader of Mil- tiade reported, Autonomous: MAPAOXQN, AHMOC, with Pallas's head from here, il- Harduinus vulgarized the line of Mercury, but he does not mention the museum, nor that I know this god is seen from another

MEGARA

Located in Megaride, which according to other which, the geographers of Attica established E

Autonomous

Apollo's head X METAPEQN. Mu- lier striding forward throws a torch in his hand. AE. III. (Neumann,)

MEDILAPEXQN. Apollo's head X Ly- ra. AR. II, (Sestini Lettere T. IV, 98.) AE. II. (Pellerin.)

Apollo's head Smelt EIII l'PAMMA - - Lyra. AE. II. (Pellerin.) In another: EII, AIONTZIOT, AE. III. (Sestini l. c.)

In addition to this, Attica was Megara also other Sicilian gods described, I have no doubt that it belongs here sa* of Apollo. It is clear from Pausanias °), Apollo Alcathoo in building Me-` that he had placed his attention on the walls of the

1) L. IV. c. 6.

n) Letter T. III. p. 86. 9) Atticus, c. 42.

Ed m t Lim ie

``k) De Nat. soul L, X. c. 16.

. 1) Rec. 50 p. 149. m) Pag. 1047

224 A TT

which is the testimony of the fact: still in his age to perform the stone, in which they say Apol- the line lyre .deposuissé For him to imitate the sound of a strummed guitar, the same is presented in the poem, that (iris in- it is written and attributed to Virgil P), as well as by Ovid d), Numus first tried to cer- of these will be the Megarians, because they are like The case of Ceres is also typed in the gradient imperial, and in the name of the following Pa- garu The words of the last god 'EIII. l'PAMMA - - they do not seem to be anything but I will tell the eponymous writer, although here ma- Hitherto, he has not lived in Greece. European Union. She Burman they were not seen as suspicious, but because of the in- firm 7r), "Go"

They are with Pellerinius and other gods inscribed: MEL, META. MET'APA, de whose right is doubted, sinthe Megaro- the rum of Sicily, or of Attica, by the type of ship or dolphins not strong enough to judge to you

AE. RR

Emperors. The inscriptions MEl'APE€()N are Megaro-

because, as has been said elsewhere, Early in the Italian and Sicilian cities ptum was the right to strike the coin.

. The gods of this city exist almost under An- tonino, Aurelius; Vero, Commodus, and in

I C A

The family of Severus, whom you see at Vail- Lantium, Pellerium *), in the museum of Cae- Sareo, Theupoli, Arigoni.

The type is usually Ceres wtrague mant carrying the torch, of which we shall speak shortly in the countryside Before Ceres not infrequently ad- something is established, which is said to be there is an oblong bundle; at Arigonium in the star of the altar is painted, but Pel. Herma is a lerinius.

AE, RR.

NIS 4 E 4

``The yard of the Megarians,

Chapter Thursday, 10 NIZAIQN. Eagle in. Stopping the ugly | burning AE. HI.

Prince of the Tower of Mutia. like the gods gives to Nice Sicily, but not satisfactorily cit, as said in this, Preplace sen- the tendencies of Goltzius and Harduin, similar to nu- the custom of those who brought it here, rather than the opinion the torch and the spike certainly help, the attributes of pro- for the worship of Ceres proper to the Megarids. Moreover, he was a Gentile of this Nisaean N.c«:0, abundantly in Nice Sicily from vete- I checked the charges.

AE. RR

in the spike area.

P 4d G 4 E

The Megarids are called by the Latins Pegae and Peasants, as also the Greeks Tinya, but IIaxac He made the Doric dialects of the Megarians thousand Prof

Ly

p) Verse 105.

4) Met, VIIL 14. seq. p. 199.

from

r) Dorville Sicily p. 612. H, s) Rec. III.

ATTIC

of the Empire.

Binos owns Caesarea gauze, Com- one way, the other Severus. Individuals Pellerinius conveniently adds, (Rec. iii. p. 253.) Arigonius, Neumannus.

Epigraph ITIATAIQN, but also ITA- T'€ON

Type: Ceres torch ja- ctatis, in one of Caesar's museums Aries yields. |

Froelichius, who was the first of these he published t), knowingly cast it, that it was Ceres - Maħopoeov, ovifera, or if evil, Za- I had killed, which, according to Pausanias, near Me Gara had a temple of this name, which Aries jux- that position, to have been great in this tract the study of preparing wool, teaches a nice It was said by Diogenes Cynicus, who when at Megara would see the sheep in their skins. but their children naked, to perform He used to say that the citizen of Megara was a ram. than a son ").

AE. RR

the island of Aegina. Subjects of the attic. 4Aulonotmt.

A ram's head. 10 Square incuse. AR, HI. (Hunter.) n A ram's head, which in the following cer-

to the god of this island makes a type, nu-

This was my reason for referring here. Ve- but in this type also other cities are known

225

to be It is surprising that there is no more abundance of ar- the coinage of the nation of Aegina, with Thu- cydids and obolos and drachmas of Egypt 10), there is a remarkable passage at Athenaeus Y), where some of the wicked He lamented the traps of the fisherman.

If you ask him, how much is this wolf? scraps

.Ten, he answers, and not to whom, ad He throws |

Then that silver money if re- present

4 He said that he had requested the natives.-' At himself, the god of giving

They are smaller, he returns them to the tics,

I stand in exchange for both sides. From which evidence we gather first, that the gods of the Aeginians were silver, what to meet, what to do everyday then they were available, then they were heavier - Atticus, which, indeed, I already con he stood, in short, outside Aegina also

their use was worth it.

+ tk žk

Ram's head, ATAA below. X AITINH. Ship. AE. III. (Mouse, Caes. Pellerin.) AR. RRRR. 4E. RR

The Emperor

Severus and Caracalla, (Arigoni.) Plau- tillae, (Theup. Pellerin. Elagabali. (Vaill.) | Epigraph: AITEINHT ON Vaillan- you AJITENHTAON is wrong, for the money, whom he cites, I myself saw in the museum of Christ

t) IV. Tent. p. 243. 2) L. V. c. 47. y) L. VI p. m. 225 (Fol. 11.)

u) Diog. Laert

in the life of Diog. and Aelian. V. H. L. XII. c. 56.

Ff

226

nae, in which the former holds the address. It is also lawful to doubt the epigraph AIlT'AINE€IT4)N at Theupoli,

Types: Fir bare hand ram carrying it on his shoulder, Plautillae. (Theop.) :

The cause of this type is obscure, except by chance to be referred to the worship of Mercury, Ist We rescued him from thence with a ram's head, which is presented in the autonomous, to be indicated otherwise than the result of wool, as Hay threw mine I met the rest of the type,

LE. RR i

``Helena is an island, which is near Cranae.

placed against the promontory of Sunius, which and it was said to have been Cranaen, because Paris was first kidnapped on the island of He- He was delighted with the love of Lena, Stra- testifies bo z). Why the same voice against Kearay Homeric *) Noc ©' êv Keoran ipine pi- NorgTi xa: év»g, give this island to Helena takes, as also the scholiast to this same The verse of Homer says: 9oxe Se ý »woog Tug Arrue firas, Dev xai TOC veoTteo» Exa- Asito ano Keavas BaciMeog Tys Artring, pus aro ToauTYe puíeegc Enemy xara It seems, indeed, that this is Cranae's island Aitica, for so it was formerly called a Cranau, king of Altica, now truly because Helen is said to have had intercourse with him, when - Strabo feels and Mela b): inm Altthide Helen is known for the rape of Helen. And Euripides imagines, Helen, lest from Pari- of being raptured, transferred by Mercury

A T T I C A

Attica was still called Attica, but Pausanias that this crime of Paris was admitted in the island of Crana before Gytheum of Laconia this teaches €) 1n the same sentence is Ste- panus d), adding, this same Laco- Cranaen's niece was also called Helenen, in in which he departs from Stra- good, although it is not lacking, from other to whom the said Homer Cranaen for her to place the region of Attica, so called by Cra- the successor of Cecrops, the new king of Attica. Eustathius to the said verse of Homer notes that the name Keran is to be understood by the ancients Cranaen of Attica, by others Cytherá ine sole This is certain, this Attica insu that he had a double name, one Cranaeus was more quiet than Craneus of Athens

king according to Stephen, and praised

then the narrator of Homer, the other He- lenes, tract from Helenea'/adultera, or that he landed there with Paris, or something The captured Troy settled there *). This pro- pter following the gods to explain more clearly it was over

Autonomous

Goltzius issued three of these in silver. (Insul. tab. VII)

Bare head of a woman. 10 PEOPLE TAN Diota

A similar head. X FEAENIT QN Fesper- linden

KPANAATON. Bat X KP Ca- battering ram

All these in one and the same city

xa Axr» vyoov, Act on the ancients, if only they are genuine, everything

z) L. 9 £) in Keuran.

2

a) Il. I. v» 445.

b) L, i) Stephen in E^yy, Eustath. to Dionysus v. 524

II. c. 3. c) in Helena, d) L. IIl, c. 22.

A T T

they argue No longer these Cranaen Laco- He considered the reports. harduinus tan then mentions that otherwise con- stood, that there were two islands of Cranae no mine An elegant woman's head in these nu- there is no doubt that it is Helen's. Since both Cranae, as from discords au- It is permissible to argue with the opinions of those, instead of winning saying to himself that he would compete with this stupid honor rit, these gods can both Crana to be competent, but when in others one of his and that the god of the city is FEAENIT YN, io alis KPANAAT(ÓN, nor does it stand, To-morrow you were also called to Laconia Helenen himself was taken from one Stephen's house the stimulus, which, together with others, we know, these gods are certainly Cranaen of Attica they are to be called If Harduini doesn't fail you the evidence of the affirmative, from men of the highest order The names of the studied gods are listed: EAENITON. TON, KAI, KPANAA- TCN 8), we have a reason why in nu- I have used one or the other term interchangeably were the Hellenites

If we think that the igilur is genuine the customer, I do not know, or not the fourth Goltzii numus, in which: A ram's head with the addition of K 10 KPA A cow's foot, this too is correct Let Cranae be added to the gods, even though I since I would restore the same b), the preferences in Cranaen of Cephallenia I would go forth. The same doubt will force another silver, III. formge of the Caesarea museum by Froelichius then J), in which: KPAN. fries standing, X A, or an arch, about which it will be difficult to sta-

IC A ` 991

to protect, is this Cranae of Helen, or Skulls of Cephalenia. I was driving nor were they captured by Goltzius the god; pam pre-

thirdly, that his many suspects

are, also raises doubts about the aspirated Ñ with the word EAENIT (YN prefixed, which Hitherto only in the gods Heracleac and Taranto was observed.

Emperors:

Enrolled constantly KPANAIQN re- considered by Vaillantius with the head of Ma- Ximinus, Philip the Elder, and Otacilia, Au- ctor Theupolis added another lady, Vaillantius, Harduinus, and others customer, Cranius of Cephalenia confidently they gave, but they did not give any reason, why is it not possible to refer to this Cranaen they are Gentile Cranius of Thucydides and Stra-

of good is Kecoog, from which also Livius Cra- :

nius, this Cranius gentile from Greece with the name of the city Keano" flows. What if Let us also admit Stephen. suspect Gentile skull Kec»acg unknown gravity in relation to other writers, from this KPA. NAIQN could not be formed, but KPA- NAEQON, as from NIKAIEIZ NIKAIEQN. Of Cranae definitely Stephanas; laconic cae Ke««arqe, Atticae Kxe»ceig as A9y- »4)0g. We have both kinds in these numism, in the autonomous Goltzian KPA- NAATQON, in the emperor KPANAI-

QN. Therefore, looking at these Gentiles, where

one to be able to fix these gods he can write nothing teaching, referencing

8) Num. illustrated in E^eT*». h) Nom. vet. no. 111. i) Not. elem. p. 24

Ffae

228 A T T

these gods are rather related to a certain Cranaen. But when in the garden of Ortacilia at Vail lants read KPANAIQN, AOH, ty- the head of Minerva, these of the god Crana Competent attic, however To AOH, you want to explain; for I do not listen Vaillant teaching: iz Aoc AOH, Anvarus, the head of Cranii Cephalenia sent to the Athenian colonists k). It was necessary of this opinion any of the ancients to quote the author. If, then, these nami reve- ra they look to Helenen, or Cranaen,

~ seems to be an older name for the inhabitants of Cranae

before the more recent Helens of Augustus tate, as the Edessians of Macedonia the name of Edessa was com- changed and resurrected under Augustus.

AE. RRR.

SALAMIS

In the region of Eleusis, Aeacidaram, at among these most illustrious Afacians the country of Monius, the mother of Cypria of Salamis built by Teucer, the brother of Ajax, but lon- the famous Themistocles of Persia naval forces

I C A

. Combius refers here to the autonomous: Ca- pit of cattle with the cattle X ZA no other type AE. II. (Hunter.) judgment, as I think uncertain, since so many cities have their names from them let the letters begin

The mind was often urged to call here autonomous silver pairs for centuries work, inscribed ZAAAMINION, ty- a ship's horn those whom Pellerinius Sa- lamini gave to Cyprus, and he himself in this lar- I describe the law, And it was available: cau- and several, the antiquity of our island, and an illustrious tome, sketched in type. ship the nautical thing, by which the Salaminians thus excelled, as when Bacchus himself in Aristophanes would 49uĥorroror, of the sea of the ignorant, pro- of course, Mr. Ad would say that he was a goaħupmior This type of ram also offers neighbors Aegina. male, in no other city of Cyprus, which up to now it has been established that the gods were autonomous they signed themselves. However, I have to agree with Pel- lerino, or for this one reason, that each of them took this money to himself in Cyprus then testifies

PELOPONNESF.;,S.

The peninsula divided into several regions, the illu- a country of striae peoples, of whom no less historical faith, rather than legendary to recommend memory Peloponnesian in general the coin itself, and indeed the image of the turtle

to leave a mark teres, and indeed Pollux his nation the so-called x«e»ac, turtles, from im- His pressed animal figure teaches, ex quo ortum adage: viríulem el sapien- then the turtles conquer ™), So and Hesy-

k) No. Greek p. 199.

l) in Ranis v. 206.

m) L. 9 $. 74.

PEOPLE

chius"): XeNexQ - - xat vopiopa TIehonov- »w0:a4xo» Indeed the didrachm, and the drachm not a few ancient fabrics remain with the turtle type, and infor- mi in the obverse square, ^ and anepigra- phae, which is certainly the currency of Peloponnese they are, especially when they are of numbers some AIL. or AIT, written ha- beant, namely, of the city of Achaia, un- it can be argued, even similar to the rest, but the anepigraphs, cast in the same city It can be seen to meet this Achaeo- T, Flamininus, had looked at the rum coin, while the Achaeans were attacking Zacynth tere continued from his purpose by adding: xav VEUT EIS, a» OTREP di XENWVAI moppuTeQo TY» xepaN» ras IIehororou weortioct, peri-

if it were like a tortoise, it would be a rump for them.

outside the Peloponnesian capital Livy mentions the same wittily. O2o- Aoy xaNNMXtNovo» , a beautiful piece of text

4 C H

Achaia is understood by this name we go to the other part of the Peloponnese towards the north

The gods inscribed with the name of the Achaeans I divide it into two classes, 1, into money Achaia proper, Ii. into the smoke of the Achaeans.

. A. The name of 4dchasia proper.

Autonomous Jupiter's head, in some

NNESYVS. 220

signed by Dine, quotes from Eupolides Pol- light q). Truly a tortoise in these gods, although the work is ancient, the utmost elegance

it is usually elaborated.

Harduinus is one of such numbers from the royal gauze he gave the inscription, as ver-

I accept his ba, XEAXYNH, whom the city -

Chelonae, the promontory of Chelonati in Eli- of the imposed, he gives"). The truth of the city no one remembers the old surnames, that the other of the gods of this antiquary anyone Froelichius), Barthelemy 5), et Pellerinius) to this peninsula also they gave the silver ones, in front of which a leaf is formed, on the reverse a square in- in a form, and that is why that the ancient Peloponnese to be able to say something like that, it stands, that these gods are cilia, as was said in their currency.

4 I A

gistratus, as EIIINIKOŽ, etc. X-Y in- Ira laureum, (on a similar ground to Goltsčano is the same monogram, and below IQN, It is combined with a monogram AXAIQN) wander through the land of the gods it- isolated plates, monograms, seals. AR, II, |

We are not working on the X monogram.

which is certain to mark the Ácbhaeos, was This is especially the case in the Peloponnese

o) More ia Flamin *) Not, elem, p. 21.

n) fà X s^oy*. 7) Num. illustrated p. m. 482.

P) Li 36, o.32 — «) L. IX. $. 74. v) B.L.T. 24 p. 46 ai u) Rec, I. p.106

A

ha

MT

A CH

placed as a monogram of his name they would indicate in the currency that | they will teach besides the Achaeans also Patras, Arca- des, Epidaurus etc. see that the element of the nation is sufficient as in Eleusis, and the Argives, who He was also worth extra money; nai re- Xenophon x), carries the Sicyonians with their shields write the usual letter Z, Argives A, Lacedaemonios A. But much more complicated better system and, besides the prince of Achaea the monogram of these numbers is sa is loaded. The explanation of these with this not to be attempted by antique dealers" vi- was given, it was Siegfried Bayerus, who that the letters of those cities were exc in which he would make a promise, as if he were a covenant Achaecian allies, they would be like gods Y). But this opinion is completely conjectured weak, and by no means probable to rely on, I said elsewhere *). Therefore they did not continue these drachmas to the said league? per- let them keep it, but not the truth of the gods themselves they teach, and we are spurned by conjectures, which they give no appearance of truth at all, in whose number we also think that lam, which from the letters ZB in a similar nume by expressing the year of the epoch *), Fue- therefore these common demigods of Achaia by reason of which so many other peoples and the Macedonians, Thessalians, Boeotians, etc. and indeed in the Peloponnese also Givi and Arcades had something in common currency, [n very few are betrayed

230

letters and monograms

A I A

bes, which signed them. Cer- so we have Aegeus by name. Al- TIEWN. Even ro QOP., which in aver- Sa offers the god Haymianus, conveniently Corinth notes, to be observed in heaven certainly not to those of remote antiquity so, some of the archaisms retained by the letters F and 9 in ANFA, and 9OP,

An aureum similar to these from the museum of Cae- Froelichius P) published Sareo, but which as open indications of spurious things, among old men. I set aside the terinos.

No

w ik tk

Chapter Jupiter, X AXAICQN, Woman ca- standing with shield, right hand extended, AE. II. (Pellerin.) ' | T En the only certain Achaean nu- a bronze mum, for on the other, which Pellerinius there adds, in which the Chapter Pal- lads X X Cluster, it can be doubted, whether it belongs here, and whether it is not rather of the Locrians, whose bronzes have the same bent types; and often monogrammed But sometimes this is the characteristic of a city. as, however, sometimes also in the alternations the currency of the city should be observed. Thus in three The monogram MI. which is usually characteristic of Miletus, in the ar-

, to the tribe of the Achaeans at Haymium c)

the seal of the Tyrians. What is the same mono- 10 grams is in a certain nume of Laceda- the mountain of Caesarea's museum.

AR. C. AE. RRRRB.

x) Hist. Greek L, IV. P' 115,

y) Comment. Acad. Peter T, V. p. 372.. +) No, vet. - a) l. c p. 373. b) Cimel, Vindob, p. CLIII

c) T. Il. P. m. 114

A C H A I A

To the emperor.

One of us ex- Vaillantius came with the head of L. Veri, inscribed: CTP M. ATP. AIOAQ- POT MHNO(d. AXAI(XN. This writing the reason for bending Asia is clearly wise, and in- written praetor in Greece Euro-

. If you kill the Thessalians, no

you will find Moreover, the god here, even though ve- let's give this lesson, here pro- The former does not belong, when the latter is subjugated Achaia was more widely spread by the Romans protects

The gods of Antinous inscribed TOIC, AX AT- OIC. see in the class of this god of managers.,

IH The gods of the covenant of the chai.

Tyrants and factions, who ple- and in favor of the cities of the Peloponnese to have mercy on the last kings of Macedonia they were lying down, and at last his elder was tired a party to the covenant finally to be delivered States united by design, especially Ara- you men of Sicyon of great talent and virility safely endowed, but that covenant .cAai- when it was said that his authors were the Achaeans, who then, on account of the prowess of the people nion, and great laws they have received praise. That noble insti- tatum Polybius, who about the year 5. C. 551 he is established as an old man, so much for his age He writes that it was perfect, as the cities were not

:only for friendship in social alliance

thrice they conspired to unite themselves, but also

231

voos XeqgSua TOig üvTOIg,. xai GTGS uoig, xa; vere, xu NOMIZMAGZI, the same laws, weights, measures, PECF- NIA were used, and so all the near- while the Peloponnesus was a single city considered d). Illustrious witnesses of this covenant we have not a few gods in various ways signed by the Peloponnesian cities, to which is markedly proved, the cities which to apply himself, the same money you use It's worth it, we know that kind of thing all gathered together for the eyes of spin, These are all 3 bronze. forms Of the Achaean drachmas mentioned above but they were also common to this society The currency of the company is not quite worth it, though

there was one who judged this, as it is said there.

In one of these numbers is Jy- piter silent d. Pectoriolas, s. caste with an additional official, as IEPON. part al- Tera: A woman seated at St. spear, d. in others the crown, in others the spikes, is added to the name of the city, and to this constantly AXAIQN,, tan- than, of course, its citizens by covenant let the laws of the Achaeans declare themselves. Jupiter here according to Bayer's probable sen- tendency 9) is he who knows near Aegium mine On«yveis , that is: Gathering in one, was worshipped, as Pausanias relates (f), which type so eminently helps the coin from the common council of the confederates same And with the same Pausanias a little later. let him submit, the neighbor of Homagyrio Jovi to be a fan of Panachea Ceres, it seems absolutely certain, a woman: par-

4) Hist. L. II. ce. 37. en. 564.

e) Comment. acad. Peter T.V. p.264.

f).iu Achaia. p.

A C H

that she was the one sitting opposite to you I would ask, that is, what would favor everyone League members of the League, as the name itself indicates Of course, when in some his right hand bears hard spikes, from Ceres It cannot be doubted that the promise of these list of numbers:

ACHAEI

ANTANAPOZ Jupiter standing d. Vi- chloriola, s. a spear, X AXAICQN. KAAAIZTATA. A woman sitting d. co- ronam, 3. a spear. AE. III. (Mus. Sa- shy.)

This liia is excellent; that once upon a time edited 8&), it has the peculiarity that gen- the Achaeans alone had eaten none the mention of the city, then a double one betray the magistrate, one in the right, al- more often in the case of the Doric generation of the Apollonians, and of the Dyrrhachians. Alea of Arcadia,

IEP QN. wolf standing etc. X A AEICAN. AXAIQN. Woman sitting elc. AE. He. (Mus. Savorgnan.)

This item was once published by me b). Ar- falls before the Peloponnese and other Achaep that the shell of the covenant came with the most spirited tur Paasaniss), which they confirm of the gods of this argument, most of whom the cities of Arcadia ANTIGONIA Areedias.

232

A I A

It illustrates a lot of behavior. For when An- Tigonia, which was formerly called Mantinea later this name was adopted in ho- the knowledge of Antigonus Doson of Macedonia gis E), and the kingdom under the name of guardian He began to minister in V. C. 523, . god this could not be signed before this year and with gods of this kind all the same

prefer fabric and form, veri-

It's like, I've had them all around that time signed, nor later in the year 5. C. 600, by which the Achaic treaty was cut off from Corinth it was broken.

ARGOS Argolidis

Jupiter standing, etc., X APU'EIAZ. AXAI- (YN. A woman sitting etc. AE, III. (Haym T. H. p. 115.)

Haymius in the voice of API'EIAZ is indicated by Ar- Givos thought, He has baec conjectu- ra a kind of truth to it, what vo- cem AXAIXN in these gods almost con-^ the name of the city is always preceded, and con- it also stands, to have joined True, when in heaven Mes- of the elders, whom I will produce for the magistrate, the same voice of API'ELAZ lega- tur, and to write in the usual way API'EIQN, to these things in nu- of the Achaeans, whom I first mentioned next to the same name of AXAIQN

It seems more likely that the police

XI. Stand upright. 10 ANTILO-mine APTELAŽ notarized magistrate, no

NRON AXAQN? Meer sitting etc. AE. HI. (Haym. T. 1L p. m. 114.)

the city of Árgos ASEA Areadine., ]

Here the mothers of this genus are born - Jeppiler standing ole X ACCATON

h

. 8) Num. vet. p» 116. VII P. 615.

b) No. vet. p. 158

i) L, VIII c. 6.

©

k) Pause.

: A CH

AXAI (LN. A woman sitting. ete. AE. III. (Haym. T.I p. 114.) CARINOEA unknown site,

EPMOKRKPA THZ. Jeppeler standing etc. X KAPINOI4ALN. AXAIQN. A woman sitting etc. AE. IIl. (Haym. T. H. p. 114.)

He looked at the first Cares of Asia Minor Haymiüs, soon Caryam of Arcadia, ve- because then it would be cool to write KAPYTAT(ON, Khellius in the note subject cta inclines to the Carymenuses of Achaia, whom Polybius tells of the Achaean treaty restored !). But neither were these with the Gentiles they can be combined with the express numo, when should write KAPTNE()N obser- Khellio also vanted this. Additionally, that no one has hitherto observed the first coin with the mention of the Serbs of each of Achaia of their own, who belong to this kind, of what we do, it might be said, if Sicyon was de- the male, about which they are still fighting, is not whether they added ro AXAIQN, as below it will be said For why did the Achaeans place themselves in the gods? they would write .4cÁeos, which otherwise con- he was standing, or they were slaying the gods with whom they the Achaeans were witnesses of the alliance, of which they themselves were the authors? But he continued to the cities outside Achaia proper, when he first came to this covenant to approach the Achaeans the third party, to whom he testifies, everything belongs to him to control the law of the covenant. no doubt thrice still remains, which is called a city KAPINOI4QN should be noted, unless perhaps the same is related to the following noun.. CROWN OF MESSENIA.

KAEAPXOZÓZ. Jupiter standing etc. X

How

A 1 A. $233

KOPQNAIQN. AXAIQN. Mehr se- tooth, etc., AE. IlI. (Mus. Caes.)

The most complete coin hitherto unknown I have also published and expounded "). Chorus between Sicyon and Corinth said Stephen, "Here is the city from the bus is unknown to other geographers, who zta- ` another faster man Coronen in Mes- to betray here and there in the field of the elders, Caius the citizens of Strabo calls Koeo»ng, but Stephen also gave them another Kogo»wog gives, to the latter this purpose I give mum, and that the other is almost unknown it was like that, and then what came from the next god we shall see, the Messenians at all. covenant that he had adhered to Achaia, that he had also been no one with the affairs of the Achaeans xom, indicates its port, called gx ÁÀ xaiş 9).

The district and city of Messene.

APDEIAZ, in another AEZIAZ. Juppi three times standing oic, x MESE ANIQN. AXAIQON A woman sitting etc. AE, III. (Haym. T. I. p. m. 114. Gesgner from the Pfau museum Tab. 26.)

PSYPHIS of Arcadia

IIAZ (N. Jupiter standing etc. X YSL- (DIZION. AXAIQN, Muiier sitting etc. AE. H.

A coin that is now in the museum Caesareus, I once published from the Ilgne museum rian °), have another copy of it there with us in the Neumann museum, but to be frank, the name of the city in neither is read distinctly. In the operations of this twice the reader 5 (YIDIAIQON, to write de- bet, led by the chance of giving birth to Yæp:ðsç.

D Hist, L, IJ c. 4$. ») Does vet p. 134 n) Pausan, L. IV. p.365 o) No. vet. p. 140

(Fol. 1.)

Gg

235 BC, H

Sicyon of Achaia.

. Jupiter standing, etc., X RIKTONIQN. AXAIQN. A woman sitting etc. AE, III. (Pembrock P. II. tab. 28. Sestini Lette- re p. 153. Wheler Voyage num, 120.) Tegea of Arcadia,

IMXZXAX Juppiter sianing etc. € TE- T TEATQN. AXAIQN, Woman seated etc. AE. III. (Pellerin Rec, I. p. 110 and 139.)

He was often celebrated at Tegea then the common assembly of the Achaeans witnessed by Livius P). | THISSOA of Arcadia.

Juppiter sitting etc., X OIXOAIQN. AXAIQN. A woman sitting etc. (I stopped Letter T. III. p. 136.)

We will deal with this in the cities of Ar- cadia -

AEGIALVS.

Binos ics Cd foperio hgp nomi- do not publish:

€3. APX IIP TANEI 13KPA- TOT B, ETIAAEQN. Juno, bride and Apollo standing naked with his attributes in the forest of Caracalla. AE. m. m. (Num mix mod, reg. Gall. tab; 20, and Vail lan.)

EDIAAEQN. Team running down driving the emperor, in the god "Ladies. (Theopolis.)

VYaillantius warns his money: Aegialos wrbs Peloponnese near Sicyon apttd Strabo 3). -But Strabo no- which city of that name near Sicy

P) L. 35 c. 22, and L. 38, c. 34 q) Num, Greek, P» 100.

A I A

He did not teach Sita, but Sityon herself

at the most remote time A:;yiaeg Namus therefore it cannot be in Achaia, first, that

In this age there was no such city in Achaia

we have but neither can it be attributed to Sicyon

that this coin is the same in this request

it is written CIKT Q,NION, so that it may be said; then

about which the account of the whole epigraph, as well

and the measure of the other cities of the Poloponnese

they are not, and rather respect Asia. De-

nor written €UI'IAAEQN, on the contrary

as it was necessary, AITIAAEQN, even if

let not a thousand sins be without an example

with and in certain gods of the Ages We read the more barbarous Cilicians ErEQN

for AII'AIQN. I believe that the movement is ra- with the Hardwins, when this coin He would have proclaimed, having added, the city to which it would belong to him, being unknown to him, Numum to be badly read by Vaillantius, I really can't, since the same lesson let Spanhemius also protect Avro*rsg 7), The same doubt is urged by another monk Theu-- polyanus

4 E G I B 4.

. between the Aegean and Sicyon

” AITIPAT - Head of a woman TT x Goat standing, near AA., all within las- the fault AE. He (Mus. Caes.)

Another similar, but next to the AP goat.

AE, II, (Mus. Caes.) C AILIPATAN, the head of Aesculapius Lau- liability X The same reverse together with AP. it is area, AE, III, (Mouse, Caes) — The numismatic object of these three gods

I deserve it

e) T. L p. 702.

*i

A CH

let's get rich with nothing yet from antiquarian pro- say the god of this city. However, his me- most of the old authors Write it will be Aue, or Asmyeiex, and Gentile Ayiearys. "The type of goat at the city's no- Men alludes, and tells, Strabo, Aegas I thought they had been translated *). previously di- which was Hyperesia, then Egypt ram, from which the Hyperesians with the help of goats He reports that the Sicyonians forced the enemy to flee Pausanias!). AA. and AP, no doubt They are the beginnings of the magistrates, for neither it is quite clear from reason, as from ^A, La- I will make the Cedaemonians, from AP, the Argives, Also in Tegea in Arcadia, other gods therefore AA, , in others 1E. 4E. RRRR. | AEGIP M. A noble man of Achaia. Autonomous:

The oldest:

A turtle standing tall. z AI. AIL, AID. A square divided into five parts. AR. I1. OI.

This type was ancient in the Peloponnese the coinage we have taught above in the Peloponnese

Wherefore it is likely that the rest of the like, who

they lack an inscription, and whoever

soles are usually given by all, in this

signed by the city.

more recent times,

AILCIEGONN. Capsit Thursday, 10 A.P.I. CTOAAMOC,.all within laurel, AR. II. (Mus. Caes.)

A I A 235

Before this god probably rur- I seem to have frequented those drachmas with the same monogram, which was the common currency of the Achaeans, qua and above: no one in Achaia, here signed in the city, but it was already a at the beginning of the Aegian assembly Ácbaeo- called rum, as Livy testifies 9). Therefore there seems no doubt, this and the like the gods were constantly ad- here the republic of the Achaeans, but if not fails, we see from the most complete this nu- mo, the letters C, €, (0 early which, of course, already from other gods on the shores of the Adriatic Sea It consisted of Tarum, moreover, Aristodemus Diodorus x), who commander of the forces for Antigonus, king of Asia He held Aegis for some time. Signed in Jupiter's strange head on the coins of the Aegean can be seen, when these witness Lucian y) Jove by no means genuine, but úz- Boħipaioy to believe.

"IL"

HMIOBECAIN,. Head crowned with laurel. X£.AILDI€E()N Fiuvius reclining d. ur- for from which the water flows in a greater arc, s, reed.. AE. IH (Mus. Caes. and a I published in Num, vet, p. 118.)

HMIOBEAIN. The girl in the veil above the ca- put the bird floating with outstretched hands pursuing the epic, X AILCIEQN. Ca- well laurel mullum promised beard, AE.

*) L. VIII p. m, 592 y) in the Council I owe

t) L. VII c. 26.

u) E. 37 c. 30. x) L. XIX. c. 66.

Gga

236 A CH

HI, (from Mas, Savorgnan published by me in

No. vet. l. o.) HMIOBCAIN. Head bearded, 10

AIL' ION, Tormented female head, AE.II,

(Khell, Appendix, Il. p. 14, from the museum of Sa- fearless.)

» HMIOBE€AIN, Jupiter's thunderbolt. X

AIL I€QN. Bearded head with laurel. AE, IH,

(Hunter.)

The word HMIOBEAIN is already known.

explained Khellius =). He said it was set pre usual HMIOBOAION, and to indicate half a piece, even if the cause is unusual do not bring this termism into IN we can, but we also have in Chios. rum meneta ACCAPION and ACCAPIN. those who are now carrying the burdens of the ancients they love, they have been prepared by Khellia the material that ex- he cried, saying the same thing very well tit, r AICTION not to be a third god e9",x2" aed. wrqeixo», and to be joined together HMIOBECAIN of the other party, let him go semiobolus Aegius

The reverse of the god I. marks the river Seli- today, who, according to the testimony of Strabo through the Aegean flowed his city, what the opposite party offers. Mi Elteries, of course, a Phthian girl Aegis, as a dove from Jove that she had been in love with the witnesses of Aelia no, and Athenaeus, and the information of Khellius lu-

to be shown with a knife *).

* + *

AILIEQN

Chapter Thursday X OEOSIOX |

A I A

KAHTAIOZ. Juppiter is naked. d. lightning strikes, s. spread eagle, AE. Jl. in others: the same epigraph. Head of Bacchus crowned with ivy. X. Aguila AE. IL

Like a god, he already remembers Spanhe. my b), but who reads for KAXHTAIOZ KPHTAIOZ, and twists himself wonderfully, as from insoripto both names Jovis epi- theta would explode. Spanhemius reading confirms "everyone Pelleriniws ex numo his own They are gods like Caesar's maesi, We lacobi Gradenigo, Khellii *) lacu- they have a slow KAHTAIOZ, and hardly per- they send him to doubt, to be known by these letters magistrate AR. and AE RR

Imperial:

From Antoninus to Geta.

Epigraph: AICI € ON , but more insolent in the name of Plautillea: AITEIEWN 4), Au- ctor of the museum Aegis of Cilicia whose epigraph differs much, Ad here is the type of Jupiter standing, and d. lightning $ holding an eagle, who in imperatowii It occurs frequently in the heart of this city, eds autonomous teachers of the Aegean I met the rest of the type. Find these gods in Theupoli, near Pellerinium of Arigonius AE. RB

BYR A.

According to ancient evidence, located in Acliaia,

Å

2) l.c. rin, Honey, I. p. 102

2; Well, vet. l.c. b) Beger Observ. p. t32. 6) Appendix. 1l.p., 12. 4) skin

e

A € HAIA

I do not know why Vaillantius inserted Arcadia there Absorbed by an earthquake and washed away by the sea vione V. C. 381, as reported by Diodorus *), he rose again.

To the Emperor:

Binos, Donnae and Caracalla recite Veillantius, and Harduinus: BOTPAIQN We will see you often hereafter, many Peloponnesian cities, of which none I have known other gods, but I have not heard of them. with the head of Severus, and his family liae

AE. RBHRh. | Cenchrea E.

See below in Corinth Ceravni.A.

By Polybius and Aelian It will be echoed twice, but from his seat no one is sure, (

Autonomous bronze KEPATNIEOQN a only Goltzio the vulgar, whom Harduinus gives to this Achaean Ceraunia, but Gol- the commentator Nonius of Cypria.

CORINTH

Numismatic teaching of the most noble of this city situated on the Isthmus, when he would still be of his own right, there are many things if you don't listen to them, abun- gives the resources of our argument, without them scarcely one or two copper coins the richest city can boast. An- you are the god of separating the certain from the uncertain,

t

237

Certain autonomous Head of Pallas X KOPINOIQN. Ty- tooth, AE. 1L (Pellerin.) This alone is sure to surprise An autonomous god of Corinth; for reli-

``who, whom the same table proposes Pelle-

indeed, they are also autonomous but Corinth is already a colony, of which below, though not this Greek to be entirely healthy from Cl. Blondie's letters we understood

Uncertainty autonomous. :

NUMOS with the full address of KOPIN OIXYN several in every metal vul- Goltzius rejoiced, but of whom he believed raises the herald l

Pellerinius silver IV. Corinth tri- he thinks it possible, whom in his Recueil I, tab. 17, he proposes, Of these, he who is 13 and hence he has the head of Pallas with the addition of KOP, yonder Pegassm, more likely to be referred to it is Corcyra, as it is said below in the heavens of the Corinthian colonies, not even against his will Pellerinius, whether the other 13 no cer- then he offered to surrender, and met the Syracusans thirdly, provided with the same type on both sides whether, 14 with the addition of AAEZANAPOZ here also between Syracuse and Corinth twice, as will be said below, whether the fourth 15 Chimeera type does not fit the criteria snfficit; for the gods also offer this Leucadis, Siphni, Seriphi, Crotopi, etc. as he himself observed. [s, which later he published 8) in the type of a sea horse, as he himself set, more truly half of Pegasus, by the addition

by ADAM CNN

e) 50, 15 c. 48.

f) V. H. L, XIĦ. €6.

.8) Suppl. II, p. 95.

238 k C H

Literally Ọ does not resolve the doubt, since these all things are in the certain gods of Syracuse

This is also called by many didrach- ma, in which the head from here! Palladis, in of Pegasus, el letter Ọ, but of whom below, behind the clouds of the colony of Corinth I will do the article ready.

The statue is exhibited in the museum of Theupoli inscribed KOPIN type one part Ne- Ptuni, the other Pegasus. True in the like others, such as Hunterianus, are read or CORIN, or COL. HEART, it is so Colony of Corinth.

To the emperor.

Greek emperors without colonies you search in vain by name, because already by J. A colony was brought under Caesar. Neither they can be led here by the god Antinius, in which the reverse side reads: ANCEOHK€.KOPIN- OINN, and those whom he . we will review the first thing that he ad Caesar did not belong to the house, then about which these gods, so that experts can easily understand | they read, the account of the money is certain. not ha- Buere, call Spanhemius here after the others: vit a British coin with the mention of the Min- the proconsuls of the god Balbi P), but whom I already it is evident that Nicomedia of Bithynia

Numis the colony of Corinth.

Colony dedicated, as Dio dictates, V. C. 710, the same year that Carthage both from Caesar the dictator, from whom et - the name Lans Julia took away.

A I A

The autonomous colony of Corinth

Pellerinius published several of them, (Rec. I. tab. 17.) i

Epigraph: COR. - CORINTH - COL. HEART - COL. L. I. COR. - that and Corinth, you met the types, From these me- still lingering:

SENATE P. Q. R, Head of the Senate broad, or Rome. AND THE GOVERNMENT Ca- put a woman's trurrit. X L. CAN. AGBIP PAE IVIR COR.. Fictoria grddiens or: Two right hands joined holding spi- fall and pop, or: Temple. AE, II.

. (Mus. Caes, Theup. Liebe Goth. num.

p. 190.)

The author of the museum of Theopolis these gods 5) Ve- I think more likely, after the death of Galba, suspended provinces, of course, until Otho- whether Vitellius should be adhered to. This cer- then, L, to mention Caninius Agrippa II- a man of Corinth in the frequented galleys bae, who went so far, until about a certain prince in the meantime the senate and the colony of Boma care to dedicate the coin of his life In the same way the army of Germany of the superior, when he submitted to Gelba undressed, in the senate and people of R. noraen he swore X).

* + *

P. TADI, CH >. o C, IVLI. black GO Neptune seated on a rock s. iridescent theme € CORINTHVM, Bellerophon Po-

i -

h) T. T. P> 592. i) Peg. 673. -

k) He is silent. History, I, c. 85.

A CH

you tame the gas before the gate of Corinth. AE. IL (Mus. Caes. Morelli in fam, Tadia.)

Type cause to mention this no- "Mum, it has pleased me, more about Bellerophon below, :

R * +

HEART Flying Pegasus 10 SE The man dus standing d. one governor, s, high- holds rum, AE, IIl, (Mus. ill. Jac. Gra- I refuse.). !

The head of the sun radiated with the added name Jviri 10 COR. SE. Neptune standing d. dolphin, s. trident AE. IlI. (Skin- rin. Suppl. IlI. p. 102 and Sappl.: 1V. P. 37.) :

Pelle also published the same before rinius ), but when he read in it CE for SE., unlike the gods described here they present, he threw it wrongly, to be noted by these in letters the port of Corinth was called Cen- creative In the meantime, let them explain then the letters SE., no one has hitherto been present skin A man trained in two ways lo double Corinthians on both sides The side of the isthmus shows the harbor nicely. But

a more noble theme of the Sun and Neptune.

Narrates-Pausanias in two places m), to Neptune and the Sun of Corinth, either way, litigant that the decision of Briareus had thus been decided, as The Isthmus of Neptune, but a mountain close to the city nens, called Ácrocorinthus, would yield to the Sun, Apollonius of Corinth Philostratus narrates?)

A I A 950

* +

A woman's head with her hair tied back £ COL. L. IVL. HEART A lioness standing on a ram prostrated at the base, . AE, II, (Mus. Caes, Mus, Christinae, Catal. rai- son page 59.)

Laidos is famous for being the head of the ancient city among the Corinthian harlots, and in the aver- sa his sepulchre, there will be no doubt pending the words of Pausanias, who among the pu- Blica Corinth also refers to the monuments 9) vu4$og Aaidog, d Òn Mura imi9wua dri xpi) Xuda €) TO meoTspoig moo sepul- Laida's leg, on which the lioness was placed ram with his feet. It is this Lais is famous, which is in the night he collected ten thousand drachmas, which the sum when Demosthenes also rhe- Thore asked, he is reported to have turned away and said: úx orya pupi Opa y uoy perasiau , tan- I will not buy you to repent, so many times as many I said, at the expense of drachmas. From these A proverb is believed to have been born from the pts: Ov mayrog dvogog ig Koew9or ic ó m^ueg, No every man may go to Corinth. See these things in Gellius P), Macrobius 4) and Schol. Aristoph. to Plut. v. 149. 179. But if anyone is surprised. to be seen, a woman public infamy had been marked in heaven having read the argument, he considers, no so, the leading men of his age, Demo- Sthenes, Aristippus, Diogenes Cyni since he was used to her 7), than what Pausanias immediately adds in the quoted place: S9qv-

- yes

D Rec. I. P* 113. 9) L. IL c. 2. .LLc.8.

m) Corinth. page 112 and 121 q) Sat, L. II, c, 2.

~

n) Vit. Apollo L. VII c. 10. r) Athenaeus L, XIII. p. m. 588...

240 A C H

uacua: Te iTos nagz Koewdiois, di &Mjig- Bure apaug xus you will go [/Aci0 0c, fire her like this Corinthius to the admiral, as they are also about Laidus cer(et4. For not only about Lai- debated about her birth, but also her burial. if most of them say, captured by Nicia the Athenian like Hyocaris, or Catana to the girl the manner sent to the Peloponnese *), others Corinthia they affirmed, others buried deliver in Thessaly from the envious slain, and his se- beautiful epigram added to Peneus te, which Athenaeus Y recites), therefore Co- the fame of his wife moved to ces- The whole of Greece lay right at the gates, but said Pro- pertius 3), they did not think it unbecoming to insert his own citizen into the gods, which others contend that she was born and buried elsewhere " they run, in the same way as Smyrna and Jeta of Homer, that he then, moreover, these cre- they gave And the Corinthians could this deed was seen as unworthy, to pledge the same, which once Theon Se- rapine, to whom great intemperance The theme of the Greeks is a visible image golden Phrynes the harlot in the temple of Dela pbico dedicated; so you, he asked, plainly you seem to me to keep the woman from the temple but not liberally in its form and its tide asam but when you see the slaughter, bel- harnesses, and rapinstümque first fruits. and decide I will encircle Apollo in the world, to be worthy, not to pity the Greeks, pülcher- reading the most wretched accounts of the donors

A I A

addresses; Brasidas, and Acanthis de Athenians, Dihonians from Corinth etc., y)? type of lion's ram Pausanias did not explain this similar, the sign of this monument to Lai- push the character to help, Sie canis tumu- lo Diogenes imposed his behavior he expressed us *). Siren on the mound of Isocra tis ram leaning his sweet elo- he noted the fact *), Faustulus axor pro- the wolf im- The three shepherds are also told by the image of the wolf purposes, which indeed was a simulacrum not of the body, but of the mind and manners, as says Lactantius P). And Leaéna of Harmodius the concubine of the Athenian tyrant, while others Aristogitenes, that I killed ty- was the cause of the reindeer, the image of the lioness gine was honored by the Athenians, because it was thought that he was an image of me 9), even though Pau- let him teach that the brass was his own statue in the temple 4), Leaena dne d cta Demetrius Poliorceta, the famous lover ca, on which see Athenaeus °). Witness Aelian f) Lais was called a £i»», ax, a nickname invented to indicate them ferocity of temper, and ferocity

FVNDATOR Jota. 10 CORIN. enter laurel AE, ILH, (Sestini Lett, T. iV. P-99-) |

.We are surprised to find so little harmony type cam address, Fandator intelli- It cannot be done except by J. Caesar.

s) Athenaeus 1. c, Pausan. l. c. Plutarch, in Nicias and Alcibiades.

.YX)LlLeleg.2/ y)Phatarch. dePyth. pray false relig; L.1. c. 20... €) Rejoice.l. c

cx decla Ak E

t) Athens Luke oh c.

2)Laertin' Diog.. s*)Plutarch,in X.rhet, b)De .d) L.I. e. 25

e) L, VI. p. m. 253. f) V. H. XII. 5.

A CH 1"

Like autonomous people of whatever age they are not infrequently from Ilvir's adjectives understand, There is in the Caesarian museum a bronze statue reading:

Corinth A woman's head is bound thick hair 10 Q. CAECILUS BLACK HERE PM AZeilerophon ez Gaso fighting with the Chimaera. AE, I

Vaillantius in his work on Colonies among the gods of Julius Caesar he rejoiced, in whose turn Q. BLIND NIG. C. HERE. POL. August's head bare Therefore, the present autonomous, who the same He presents his husbands, without a doubt, commanding It was signed in August, what in the same nu- mo signify the letters PM clearly clear, unknown to me 4E. B.

re- C. Pe-

* *$ *

The imperial colony of Corinth.

These are infinite in number. mum with the head of J. Caesar the founder, and they are extended as far as Gordianus, but after Geta, the most rare, they are distinguished by the gods Agrippa: Postumus, and Antonia Drusi of the elder, which have been described and explained look at both currencies

The epigraph was initially: CORINTH. or WASH IV, CORINTHIANS Vocabulary Co- He did not add Lonia until Domitian, if you put the gods of one kind under Nero not signed: GEN. Col. HEART A Do- mercy through all successive Caesars:

€) B. L, T. XIX. p. 426 (Fol. II.)

A I A. 241

C. L, I. COR. or: COL. LAYS IV.

HEART Under Domitian it was settled: COL, IVL. AVG. HEART, or: COL. IV. FLAVIA AVG. HEART

More illustrious types: :

POPVL. Col. HEART Fir civilian se- tooth d. elaià, in the god of Truth.

Eruditus de Boge, who published a numus 8), seated man Diogenes the Cynic tat, because he prefers the shape of the barrel to the seat can be seen But I prefer to say the image POPYL;i COLOSSIAE CORINTHAi, as often

.in the Greek gods AHMOC people specifically

men are proposed, in the same way in the gods inscribed GEN, COL. HEART is type ge- new colony

» + +

Bellerophon taming Pegasus, or ex Pegasus fighting with Chimaera, . type access in the god of Geta all this battle it was imposed on the head of the Corinthian order, (Vaill) Heros here in the house of Corinthius, and widely visible for his amazing deeds give to Corinth of his own, but also of his co- loniis yielded to the coinage, as we have seen others.

» * *

Melicerta also frequents, for hu.. it is also a domestic story. Ino Cad. my daughter, the husband of Athamas, ruler of Boeotia He was in the trap with the young son of Meli- he threw it from the rock into the sea, which he then of Neptune with his son among the sailors He gathered together the assembly of the gods when he entered this

Hh

249 AC

by the name of Palaemon, according to the Latins Poriumni, of which see besides. myth logos others Ovid b), of this fable the delightful variety of trees in Corinth. [n the god of Domitian is Neptune seated, to whom the bystander Ino offers Meliceria 3). -1n Severus' god is Ino himself from the rock in the fiu cts with his son acting recklessly dolphin (Maus. Caes.) It is often imagined Melicerta was carried on the back of a dolphin, for from that the fish had been caught by the fall, and Pausanias narrates that he was brought into the Isthmus X). Be thou often a pine tree beside the child lying down, or the boy, the dolphin, or the pine tree itself ara, according to what Pausa tells nias!), that it was near the pine of Melicerta the field, to which place the boy went in the sea the jet was exported from the dolphin, which when Sisyphus had found it exposed there, He buried him with institutions in his memory in the Isthmian games. It is often proposed in the temple externally adorned with dolphins. In the god of Se- the bull of truth stands before the temple, namely ready for sacrifice

* + +

Temple of 6 columns, whose episty- lio inscribed: GEN. IV. in the woods taste and Livia. (Pellerin Mel. I. Theup. Arigoni.) l

These gods teach that the temple of Corinth stood plum dedicated to GEN/i IVLia. Liebeus in his likenesses for GEN. IV. forever Ram reads LENTYL., although this is very clear to appear m).

A I A

-

9. *

A rope standing, and both hands looking at each other soothing, sometimes like this slat in the temple ræ- pi imposed, |

He stood on the very approach to Acrocorinth the temple of Venus, without telling the story Corinthius Ácrocorinthum itself from the Sun Pausanias, who was given a gift on Friday, will be served whence and Euripides called roħs A$eodirag ?). This prince of love was in a great end spud Corinth at a price, not only His image was often coined in Corinth go, but also of old éeorix in abundance they testify Dio Chrysostom called her lat vo^. v0» dco» Te xas yryemperor ina- Qeodirorary, the city of all things, and all these things were added, especially on Friday and that is why there are those who for paroemia: Not to any man dyes to go to Corinth, to the harlot and They refer to temptations and rapacity, see Erasmus' saying

* + +

ADVENTS AVG. in another: ADV. AVG. P. M. CLEANDRO. QY. HEART Triremes with the passengers, in the bosom of Nero. (Vail, Mouse You kill.)

ADLO, AVG., P. MEM, CLEANDBRO. - IV. QV. Nero standing in a plain he speaks (Mus. Caes. Theup.)

Nero's departure into Achaia, as he would drive a car, sing in the theaters, in we will teach its currency. Look like nu- custom in the currency of the Patras of the same Achaia.

It's-

BUY n nnn H^À7Zu EE ccc cC nd

h) Met. IV. 530. i) Vaill Morelli Impp. - k) Attic. chap. ult, 1) Corinth. e. 1.

m$) Goth, no. p. 410

n) L. II, p. m. 121

o) Bellerophe. v. 3.

A CH | en e.

IVPPITER LIBERATOR, Jupiter nu- dus standing d. Nero's eagles (Arigoni.)

Juppiter Liberator quite from Syracuse known to the gods, in which it is said ZETI.EAETOEPIOZ, Why him Co- and also, as we shall see below, Patrense, both Achaeans, in coin have brought forth their own, we hold the cause certain, For after Nero had given liberty to Achaia they teach abundant evidence of the ancients, which see collected at Spanhemius P), then and the gods of the Fathers, whom you see. But the same Nero, on account of the difference between Seneca and Thrace so that, when he was driving them to death, He gave the libation of Jove the Liberator, as wrote Tacitus 4).

«^ è :

PERM. IMP. The emperor was trampled on lontis team, in the forest of Domitian, (Vail)

The liberty which Nero of Achaia gave I just said granted, after a second visit sends Vespasian, See the witnesses of this fact abundant at Spanhemium 7). Anyone it was true! currency connection with freedom this is certain, no one has seen so far either of Corinth or of Patras under the command of Vespasian and Titus signed He succeeds the present Domitian numus, who- by the epigraph PER Missu The emperor proves invincible, taken Corinth struck coins right from Domi- returned to the tian, so that it is really plentiful

A I A. 2535.

We have the gods of both colonies while commanding them, they were beaten. indeed an argument of benevolence in the cause I think that it is because of his grace to Augustus Corinth, the surname of his grandmother it is true, as has been said.

-

* + +

Magistrate Ilvirì already from the beginning pious inscriptions are read, the last com- Galba is a parent in the gods, it is insignis god

TI. to kill IVIB. HEART Head Tiberius naked, 10 M. AIMILIO. swipe

.NO. HV. A. A. Bare head of Augustus.

(Morelli in Fam, Aemil Tab. IH. C, and D)

Therefore Tiberius was a cause of honor for Ilvir the colony of Corinth. In the forest with the head J. Caesar and Augustus are mentioned M, Antonius 8. HIPPARCHYS IVIR Vi- it is assumed that this is the same person whom Plutarch chus tells us that the freedman was the greatest at Patronus M, Antonius grace, and ta- that he first failed to Octavianus, and his residence afterwards at Corinth fixed *)), On the coin of Augustus one of the same which the god sometimes contains IV. Ilviros was also added in one of these PRESIDENT GO (Vaill. Numos, in qai- they are mentioned in the books of M. Bellius Pro- culus, and P. Vipsanius Agrippa, sign- It is proved that he was in command of Caligula from me in the gods of Antonia Drusus the elder, There are also gods: |

P) Orb, Rom, p. 252

q) Ann. 15 64 and 16 35.

r) L. c p» 259. $) In

Haha

244 A CH

Corinth AYGYSTVS. head down you are naked X P. AEBVTIO, C. IVL, HE- RAC IVIR QVIN THE JOURNEY that laurel (Mus. Caes. Vaill.)

Numi these teach, for some time Ilvirs ordinary Ilviros quinquennaļes Apuleius Thy- He mentions a certain five-year-old donkey at Corinth destined for the magistrates t). And the five-years are also mentioned in the gods of Nero described above. Other um to this twin, except that for the head The printed head of Augustus is said to be M. An- tonii, among the gods of this iiiviri Valiantius in his colonial gods. It seemed strange to me, on both sides of Ilvi- rum, and him qtUuinguennial again, to appear in heaven and M. Antonius, and Augustus, of whom that V. C. 723. ad He was worn out by action, here only V. C. 727. Honored by the name of Augustus in consultation with Patinus, whom this Vaillantius give a list of his families on p. 5 cites, immediately I saw, the head, which is Au- to taste, by Vaillantio I have mistakenly used M, An- received by Tony's head.

R + $

Isthmia games written within the crown from celery, or pine, I met in the woods Co- Rinthi, at which city he first met to do established, as will be taught elsewhere. Pre- that my conquerors were the first from the pine tree, later, from dry celery, he tells the scholars Apollonius of Rhodia 9).

AE. €

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4NIMADFERSIONS in the clouds of the argument of Corinth.

There is a certain ge- but because of the things which we have discussed it is necessary to describe more liberally

The front part shows the head of Pallas, suppose that there are infinitely many different seals, of gods, men, animals, of those who do it, or of each thing, ez. guo to whom the kingdom of nature is claimed, Part aver- he always has his flying Pegasus lem, All these gods, so much for this one the number of days that survive, as everything to them The museums are full, besides that with the mentioned types of Pallas and Pegasus they breathe, they are also of the same metal, with a silver foot, a weight of two drachms me somewhat exceeds, the device, which in all there is a singular artifice, Ty- since this belongs to Corinth itself, no one doubts, of course in this city Pal- las had a temple named XoQrrido; of Frenatrix, because Pegasus was brought under the bridle he gave a gift to Bellerophon, as in We taught at Syracuse. -

Dizi, in which all this number the train conspires, at minute signs which seem to have been entirely arbitrary. It should be remembered now also, in which di- s$crept

Others, of whom there is a greater number, ha- bent in reverse the letter Ọ below Pegasus, in the foreground one or two letters, rarely three or more, as: ETO ETTT., in one thing that I know, fully AAEZSANAPOZ of which below

2000 2000 9 - 2000 2000 - 2000

t) Metam, L. X. p. m. 209

u) Ad. L, IIl. v. 1239

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Others are the names of various cities or ple- na, or written abbreviated, as: ZT- PAKOXIQON, AMBPAKIQTAN, AO- KP4QN, APIIQN, or: ATP. KOP. AAT AET etc. But in these it is constantly omitted letter 9, although other letters in each of the gods his face is allowed room.

Others without a certain name of the city, or ele- mento Ọ only isolated letters, or contain monograms, such as: A. A, AN, etc. |

Commemorated this hour of numbers first of all we must inquire into the variety, which in the city it is likely that the gods were struck, whom I recited in the first place, namely those who present the letter Ọ, that it is the Phoenician Koph, in whose place K succeeded, and she was told Corinth, this is all agreed upon. But then they vary of the opinion, while others signed them at they set Corinth itself, others Syracuse be, as of course these the tropolis of Corinth with its gods by printing a treatise from this origin pro- obviously they wanted to volunteer. About all this a suit, which in the modern day of the learned distracts the sentences, so that they can be judged correctly be the reader, he likes the whole case in to understand more heads.

CADPPFT I in which their moments are set forth, gui 9 elements similar to the elements They attribute to Corinth. * Some strong opinions of this patron argumentis nituntür, I. Evidence Pollucis is slow, whose words are 9):

A I A. 945

"Gov Oe To sopiopa To KoeoSuov, àv Tiye vyaco» &rxe» évrervnoputyov, Chicken vero vo- cat numus Corinthium, guide: Pegasus had engraved, When the god here Co- rinthius certain from the image if he had, it must have been met as the money of Athens was met with, which the testimony of the same Pollucius, and others it was called Koea and q^av£. : Therefore, unless The gods we are talking about are the same let us decide, whom Pollux here indicates, not he must cease, either to deceive them, or to deceive others Corinth to look around the gods of Pegasus but from where do you ask for these? dragon Thu- also mentions the sea of Corinth tyides, at the time that I am fighting the war. Ponnesia preceded Y). II. Consists of three writers all from ancient Corinth power, magnificence, "made in gra road wars, colonies, infrastructure, cer- Isthmian dams, of all kinds, also from the most precious metals, artefacts im- monthly expenses, so that after Athens of all the proper cities of Greece Cile would be held high. It is also agreed among us, the ancient Greek cities resources, whether large or small, from surviving their currency or supply of ai- and the lack of it is generally proved. De- Corinth taught this to many a train of manners, and they will conspire easily these remaining resources with the concordant scri- witness of his power warnings Let's take it away, and what then have we will be his Corinthians in all languages and advertised? or whether a lump sum the bronze cuus, which we have quoted above, is

x) L. 9 c. 6. &. 76

DL 1 c. 27.

246 A CH

that ambiguous, the concept of ejas reip.

will be able to stand a good opinion

bilious? III. In the heavens, which by inscri- ptum ZTPAKOZIQN are sure that Syra- of Cusarum, that 9 is constantly absent, because it will be clear to those who look at all the the law of the genus has hitherto been published, tem, it would seem, the Syracusan mints not even in these, or at least in some of these to which he had replaced that element, that to do so frequently in others, The bus address of the city is absent. For if she the colony of Corinth gave a new confession ctae, why she had been disguised in the nu- in certain places of his city, inscribed Z, TPA- KOXYQON? Let me warn you again, here to understand only gods with a head Palladis and Pegasus, my new mother, published some from the prince of the Tower of Mucia, in to whom from here ZTPAKOZIQN, thence Ọ et Pegasus, indeed, was not among these ancients it is the head of Pallas, but of Arethusa. 15 Not less in all that kind of nu- mis, who by the inscription APDI'ICQN, AMBPAKIQGTAN, AETKAA. etc. force They can be found in various Corinthian colonies as, which will be discussed below, is absent chin Q9. From which it may be gathered, lite- this branch placed alone in these nu- that it was peculiar to one Corinth, to whom the place of the sealed coin should be indicated. V. In some of these, which Pel- lerinius 7), and others, near the head: Palla- push in full script reads: AAEZAN- Apocalypse According to Pellerinius, by this name to understand - itself; Alexander M.

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and the god inscribed him as con- established in honor of the city's magistrates then; for it is clear from Seneca *), he re- the jewel of the East was already conquered by the Corinthians He sent ambassadors and presented the city. This Pel- gentler; but if these gods are really Corin- - then, I would rather believe, I would call him the notary Alexander Polysperchontis F., who for some time guarded Corinth held cupid, as Diodorus wrote b), in the same way and above in the gods of the Aegean We have said in a similar manner; in these signed Ari- Stodemus, or another Alexander who also held the citadel of Corinth in their power was taken by poison by Antigonus Go- born €). Why, since it is quite appa- I believe that these are Corinthians, verily likewise, we give other gods the same ar- Gumenti and Corinth with the same distinction to belong

CAPPFT Il.

The moments of the heart are presented here gods like the element Ọ they attribute to Syracuse. -

A few, but the most serious of this friend's sen- mention the tension. They argue ment, which in numismatic matters the rim was always strong, requested by him in a place where that merchandise is usually more plentiful to perish But how much is that kind of nu- manners to be found in Sicily, he will teach you you are without exception the greatest prince of Tuor ris Mucia, who consulted the words in this he would write me back: I would like to know, im solo smewmophglacio college PHNOCNLUNN

=) Rec. I. p. 112. in Arato

a) Of Benefic. L, L c. 13.

b) L. XIX c 7& c) Plutarch,

: A C H

Father S. J. had once been preserved, el a I observe almost the same numbers a myriad, more than three hundred are kept in the monastery of St. Martin near Panormum, private museums throughout the island; abound several I myself possess two hundred. Finally, from kine 20 years at anrifabrum no- Atrates I have seen that kind of god weighing 200 of the pounds, which he witnessed at Syracuse sose had bought some from the mayor, who with he was doing work in the country, he found them in the same place all those among whom there was no golden idleness gulli Jgathoclis, But in addition to this illustrious I have the testimony of a very noble man available a domestic example. find in ca- I refer to the MS. Charles Gustavus Haerius, Ca- . roll VI Aug. antiques, three hundred similar Jes is divided by single seals and single letters sent to the emperor from that island at which time he re- he held by the name of IL. It exists in Sicily numismatics of the prince T. M, coin ar- race: XTPAKOZIQN Aro's head £husae, X Pegasus, below whom Ọ invert- I am (Tab. 79, n. 3.) When therefore ex to be sure, literally this tan- which Corinth deze: to have been from Syria They will also be able to really usurp the Cnsanis Syracuse belongs to the name of others this ele- distinguished men, though the inscription of the city itself the option is away. HI, it is in the Caesarian museum the head of this pillar, in whose anti- ca written ETO., on reverse 9. Idem ETO, however, is also found written in "four certain Syracuses, who are in Sicily, T. M. (Tab. 72,

A I A. 941

n, 8-11.) who seems to have been one and the magistrates of the same city, see also Neumann on this subject in abundance and an educated debater 4).

CAPFT Ill.

it is likely to be established that the gods elect Mento Q blame

The purpose of both views let them judge in short, both high- they seem to perform. Serious and serious to be those who fight for Corinth there will be no one who will be infected, as they once were persuading himself, before his friend the princess pis T. M. my judgment of the letter alone they would have cited Corinth as gods like themselves to have ordered *), following the preceding ma- a master in our art of Pelleri. teaching the same sentence over and over again tem f), Juvabst my opinion ill, Ja Cobus Gradenigo, who was given to me testified, thirty of this argument that the gods should be kept in their gauze, when they were found all through the islands under the dominion of the Blue noxious, and along the stretch of the Gulf of Ambracia, when these lands were returned the cause would die. Ad- he says, if it is established, gods like Give Corinth among the daughter colonies had been signed at the beginning of the trade, It is by no means surprising that there are many of them examples are also found in Sicily, where I must have had a large number of pro- pter communication with superiors to be driven to Syracuse. However, wherever who wants to think of arguments in this place

PME 2000 MUMUU MU. CO MM M MSSOGBSOSUGGÜGNNNEFÉEZZTILIZCCEEFCEETECETELEEEEEEELLELEEEELLTLEEÉDLLTZLLZZLELLLECELEEEZEES

d) No. pop. P. I P. 54e and Supp. II. p. 95.

e) No. vet. p. 121

f) Rec, I. p. 112. Rec. III. p. 110

so prodigious, and so great a number, how often they are to be found throughout Sicily I pointed out above, this was domestic the currency of Syracuse det, Vt we hold it done, yet so mi- I understand that it is easy to be a nut: in a certain way reason to reconcile with this sentence tions, which he favors in chapter 1 Corinth we said,

CAPPFT IF.

In like manner also, the gods colomiarets. Siraon, distinguished by the name of Corinth signed by them. | As I said above, there are several gods, to those of whom I speak, than metal, and of similar weight but in which they appear for element 9 the names of various cities, Leucadis, Am- Bracia, Dyrrhachius, etc., which had been Co- consists of the colonies of the Rhine, and of which curated catalog following chapter we will be They were sealed in the cities of which they prefer names, the oldest of them all opinion, to which recently even the principal the stock of the Tower of Mucia £). I had criticized myself once upon a time, in what place in this: the gods of this genus I have commented at length on hb), Corinthians colonists by common agreement among themselves with each of his cities and metropolises that he typed them, not so much as his own let the colonists report, (for if this one if the cause had agreed, the same might have been obtained, without being so "anxious in weight, metal, and all kinds of conspiracy tips sent) than as ii, or at least some of them