Doctrine of Ancient Coins, vol. 4 — 1795

It is a sentence of any kind rity, which is not sometimes through so* let the littorians work some gods, se^ qaos will provide for the dislodged mints of Titius to think Why, if any one had objected to me Tolet aum AE. L foriDae mu^si Cas- saree inscribed TR P. XV. C08. III., with my doctrine to be written would have been Tcl TH l^. XVI., tcT C05. 111. the opposite silver of the same Ca- raellae ex eodefli atuseo, in qa^ read» lar: TR. P. XVI. COS. HI., which epi- the graph challenges all the sentences, when he is already tribanat" XVL has already been certain COS. II.,

a> IVote XIX sur SeTer«. {It was. rilL)

H hh

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426

CAPVT X

G B T A

We'll do it twice at the same time examination, for the first time, in which year the Geta ac- together with the narrow title of the tribe po- testifies, the other, in the manner in which she was repeated, that the sen- Panvinius, Mediobar* bus, Tillemontios and most of the chrono- logi alii Getam V. C* 961 , P. X. 208 said Augustus, and trib. by power born, and indeed before Se?ero8 father to the British war with his sons he would come out, they asserted. When the authors Te- teres, the memory of the deeds of the Getae to betray, neither a year, nor a day.

who began to be called Augustus, he testifies they left, but the learned men alone let them defend their opinion by conjecture, will take care of certain records to feel differently at the expense of rum, etc to prove that I will proceed immediately, collated the honor of Augustus in the following year V. C. 963, P. X. 209 to differ. A thing like that I will put it more clearly before my eyes, the following dia- I have prepared a gramma, of which the former the tendency of Mediobarbi, so regarded by the prince I pray for the dignity conferred upon him repeated sob tribunes the birth of the empire, the second part of my opinion, which in- As the year went by, he taught the repeated tribunals proposes

The opinion of Mediobarbi. A. B.

author's opinion C.D.

y.c. 961

P. X. 208.

TR. P.

1.

TR, P.

962

209. I. II.

TR.P. I.

«.

Q63.

II. in<^ I I. II. 1 It is said to be British.

9^4 965

I 2ii.|llL 1V.| 11.111. 1 Moritui Severus ly. Febr. I IV, |.- l|L

212.1 IV.

111

Geta is killed"

jv^. 4.m^

Letters A Medtobarbi, aKorumque he presents his opinion. According to this the tribune is repeated on the day of Natai's reign, Qood collatom himself fixed on the ninth of March y. C. 961. But easily Mediobarbus a He is repulsed by the gods themselves. For his £x the tribune of the Getae IV. began no nis liartiis Y. C. 9649^01 doravit us- >and to Y* Kal. March of the year 965, qoa

Oesom says it. Therefore, after I will give you my whole soul. But if so- gilded the god here the tribunes, why his scarcely one or the other surpasses the god, as in the coins of the Getae to the year Y. C; 965 months noi, with yet other tribunes abound in the name? Then it is clear, Seve- Rome on the 4th York died in February then Then he ran to the Getae

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ON THE TRIBVNITIA POTESTATK

427

III» exitarils pauUo posf 9 nempe nonis March proximate. Geta par^e bujus an- ni, who was still his father in .Tiyia, di- it is cited in the gods simply: PONTIP. TR. P. IIL, and soon after his death in I met him, and in great abundance: TR. P. III. P. P. Is it credible, within so few cos days, which from Seire's death until The Getae tribuned lY; had intervened, po- that he had brought the news of the death of Severus at York . to be carried out, the matrices to be prepared, and so abundant gods-still a tribe. po- Testimony III. marked, and both Tariis typed emiili? From which it is made, the tribe of the Getae. The power had not yet been transferred to Y. C. 961

But also the sentence reported by Y. 6*961 tribe adversary of the powerful doctrine there, which from the law of the preceding not on the birthday of the empire, but at the beginning in the year of Julian he was again tribuned by Geta I drive For then, as the letter C shows, Ge- tae should be given However, I'm hardly the fourth they die..

Why with the gods in both sentences year 961 for the beginning of the tribe power tis, let them be disgusted, the year will be called in the examination 962, as the letter B presents, and with both c]ue sentence eoniendatnr

If Geta Y. C. 962, and indeed the ninth Marlius trib. removed the potcstate, in sen- the deception of Mediobarbi, who attacked her on her birthday He is wont to repeat, indeed, the tribune lY* reached, since from his own wealth he was killed at the end of February, £t yet he himself appointed the gods to tribunate lY- notatoa he recites Moreover, it is not necessary to refute

to this iteration many times im- to tarry, com doubt, eandeqi in by this law, which the father and brother Geta was also sharp; at that tribune then in the first year to repeat the aolitos, sopra we verified

It remains, therefore, to use the letter D ex- pressure, by which Geta obtained the command Y- C. 962 is established, so ot, qooconqoe day of the year that he received the power of the tribe tov, it was increased at the beginning of the year will fall According to this law the plane everything, and nothing of history or of the gods that I should not be longer now by reading the words, it will be easy to see, describe the annals of the Getae were given to me by the gods, and the synchronicities of Severus and Caracalla synchronizing with Geta's currency tending .easy even in this doctrine "xpeditdr ratioi why yix olli Getae no- I with the tribune lY. for they remain He was killed a little after this entry. Of* then with Caracalla as witness to Dion tim after the slaughter of Geta this coin He ordered the image to be forged, cer- then it is, that he had ravished him in that way then prepared in the house of Roonetaria, and he reprized the tribune 1Y*; in for it, which has already been delivered, he could not adTcrte. Finally, in the morning the river perhaps still, which is believed to be Tulgo, Geta was killed; for you have done this At the end of February, he spoke to Tete- We have no evidence of rum, ot dixl ii^ Annalibos to the year Y. C. 965. Id it is clear only from Dion ^), him still He was alive in December of the year preceding 964; for to him Caracalla

a) L. 75^II. § 12. b; L. 800 § 2

U h h ii

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428

CAPVT X

plot stWirit tc«iiMi>re' Sataiift«l«ut6y what is this meiise a|;ebMitii<*^

A^ Kt^ nkihi inteiitari Ti4eo «b tei, qoi Oetam anife preCeotion in Bft- tannia Angiwwitt in nAe 4ieCMa coli- tendanv, than from the nainfs of Caracalia t^niim etx instituted in the year 5* C. 961. Fat^of , Britannicom this journey ia liaDC the ancients to fall; for I believe that bent titnni But only arbitrarily, and 6110 I will fasten her to her already airt* this journey to be betrayed by Aagasta the mat; - for it is certain from the love of Geta inscribed: LIBERALITY. VI., ^foem to the same anntrm recited, him tm, cam cbngiarium fstod erogatum foft, what happened a little before the said journey Caesar still, not Augustus to have been Qoare com naUam certain arga- let the mint be available, qood Getam before expeditronem Britantntfcawi Aogostaih »ad- firm, so that we ourselves as Petariss, and Tillemoittias tslud safely attend au- let them stand in the judgment of Heracles the following year was rather atabiliemhitt. So he was called Atigastus in Britain but he was once called Caesar in the East, and ot Caracalla Viminacii Cafesar, in the East you Augustus

With many persuasive warnings Let it be certain, Getam finally in the year 5.C* 962 the emperor, and Augustus said, It is clear what kind of judgment is to be made about it the inscriptions, which the four columns miles on the Augustan river they are there, in which the tribe of Sereri is lying in the power of IX., in the year V. C. 964 Gefta it is called IMP. P* SEVEN GETA AN-

TON. <) we are taught again and again, no one) - to be so from Tera history aJienom, qaod Mn m^nwnenta from remote provinces better to deliver.

MACRINRS.

MaorinuB empire, qood XI. Apri- lis V. C. 970 seized ^) , only nsqae to day 8 Monday of the following year, qao He was shocked, he said. So much so an anna of honor, two months diebtts tribes^ as God himself eloquently com- thinks c). Igiuvr qaacanqae senteotia uta- re, you will count the ttibuBatas dues. But that's it she labors not a little, which renews* and this power in the days of the Hataian empire established The second thus began to tri- buDatus If on the 11th April 5. €.971 But the oami is considered to be almost equal to the wimero marked on each side of the trininata. Oais Tcro stm Tidet, much smaller Mse nnme- the sum of the numbers, what space do rum a month, and a few than those who were struck annually by Con- now, if you please, let them change their opinion which at the beginning of the Julian year so he argued,' and you will have to think for him a year and a half and more, to be sure until in the city of Tictum the first Macri- whether, and then with no hope of CTading It was clear that he had been betrayed.

As regards the consulates, before taking control of the console that it was not; but after the emperor recognized was soon decreed to be adorned with talarra, as Dio <*) eloquently. I have been able to do this insterr conaulatus Tcri, not only teach

a) Gruter page 157. 2 - 5 77 $. 13.

b) Dio L. 777 § 11. c) ibid. § 41. d) L.

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THE TAXATION POWER.

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mnr auctoritate-Dionit teaching the same instead, the custom begun under Severus, re- And so was Caracalla, who consular men had been obtained, when the eubifid consul himself would proceed, con- It would be said, but also invincible on the testimony of the people who frequented him three times to the tribune of the simple Qonsulem They appeal to Macrinus in the following year <^i Terera had proceeded as consul, pre- three times Dion, to whom I also associate him AdTentum betrays, even the gods testify e^iosi, in whom consul II. it is betrayed Ovod ai in most festivals the consuls hu- Antoninus and Ad- the winds, iftud cnmTillemontio, and others '£aci}e will be explained from Dion, asserting, Eia^abalus will be attacked from the feasts of Macrinus no- Mifie his own name to be noted having entered the consulship of this year, as di* it is said in E^agabalus.

These things, of the tribunes, and con- to be mentioned separately taken separately, as they have a good relationship with each other, as it should be, not a little contented ant molesliamy and any sen- they exercise a tendency. For when the consul KaL lan proceeded. Y. C. 971, and

from that day, for consular ornaments indeed, as I have said, when you hold the consulship, it is said he was consul 11", it is necessary, henceforth to have a simple consular position not being able Yerum all in his hands the gods written in it are erased: TR P. II. COS Si?e trib. the power of the native government, if and at the beginning of the year repeat the state by, as Tides, contradict COS. simple with the tribune II. combined Done we hold, and this is not just news obTiis, but also with two Masonic weapons ribus *) coniirmatum, in which omni- bus suspect mint, yel square to fall, would indeed be reckless. don't I must therefore cease to seek an escape when the thing itself commands the goddess in the gods of the year Y. C. 971 promi- scue scribe TR P. II. COS., and TR. P. II. COS. II., another, I believe, of Tarialion the cause of this cannot be brought, as, ab consular ornaments for other mints that it had been considered as a true consulship, no also from others. Yideo enimTei*o, that is already before the coinage that it had been observed by the plaintiffs, as clearly to be understood, en scheme of numbers of which until the year It is read

In 5. C. 970 V. C. 971

- TR. P. P. P. or: TR P. COS. P. P.

- TR. P. II. COS. P. P. Tel: TR. P. II. COS. II. P. P.

And this reason is not in some so- He obtains the light of the gods, and those rarer, but promiscuously, and in nearly equal numbers. £n, already omitted in the previous year in others COS. , added in others. Of course these said omaments in the consulship calculus to receive, to ignore him, and what follows

tur, these from Kalendis lan. written in 971 it must have been COS. II., to them COS. yes complex And that Tero was successful as well as Tarius insisted on, not just dyed but also by the remarkable testimony of Dion read the right part a little above: x^i TOi fj,vj SiKvjffagj Seurs^ov Si rta si^iom

a) Pag. 459. I. and pag. 1993. 7. b) L. 788. § 13.

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•430

CAPVT X

iTit *) vnareviif io^ut^ ori^rccv inctnwo" Tco» rifJLu^ ffV;f»jxf#, ont^ ini rn ^s^r^^H ct^- ^ufjLSfOV nui 0 iiog dvra insKOivpitt ^ quan- Whom he (Macrinus) did not want at all ##' quente cotuul to be seen again^ proptcrea that he obtained the consular decorations which, indeed, was begun under his Severus the son also withheld. lam yera and mul- he had previously observed the same Dio, for the first time Seyerum, with Plautian he would have given the house, and then consumed him he had designated him, the consul f/erc^i; give up He said that he had commanded that he should be killed; from others it was also done *). From this oracle we collect two for the safety of Severus' consular ornaments to the consular himself, II. This lean that he did not want to observe the matter in himself. And from here it is certain that these coins were received custom, the will of others the skins, which perhaps dictated the rigor he had not, even to the consuls themselves to fill it with tergiversantibns, whose to the ambition of M^crinus iiovo this safe may consult*

In the Antiochian god Macrinus dtci- there is Tiiatus. r. (Mtts. Caes, Vaill.) But : is very similar, the matrix, which Cara- had been callous, the god Macrini applied so that they teach the gods more openly Diadnmeniani

ELAGABALFS

The consuls of Elagaba numenlis memoranlar« Primus anoi V. C, 971 was not true, but with no basis as an example of an intruder by force. Naa when they had opened the consulship a year ago Macrinus and Adventus, from that time defeated in battle, he abolished the consulship, no and he had no authority over his age entered into the fast, just as if Kalen- push lan he had accepted the consulship ^). what- re the year faic in the feasts of Antoninus to him Adr with the wind notation is found. That com Panvinius would not spend enough, el Pagius, that is to be understood by the name of Antoninus Diadumenianqm, here Kacrinus perpe- ram to believe Y. C. 972 con$ulatom

II. he went to Nicomedia, 978 consolato&i

III. of Rome, in the year Y. C. 974, but appointed in the following year 975 consul colleague Alexander Caetare Eonsobrino, having already opened his eyes to this hatred, com time is already here, proceed re- nuit, and pcrsevcrasset, unless the metom inje- the soldiers would cease ^).

tribe obtained the power of Y. Elagabalus but, undoubtedly, those who adhere to it not only in abundance, but also in mar- with roars But that was it, qood the characters of the soram men are severely ex*

•) I cannot at this point not praise and dream, and embrace the excellent conjecture Fabrizio, who in this corrupt place of Dios legcndum ccnsct to) eTTioyri irfi, in the sense pronisslmo , and now with the proof of the gods, against which the legate in the codicils rutirnovri iri^ in no sense, of course, and which has been suspected by critics for a long time fuil See note 72 to Dios book 78.

a) L. 44 J. 46. b) Dio L. 79 § 0- c) Lamprid. in Elagab. c IS

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ON THE TRIJJVNITIA POWER.

431

when they did not find a reason, with which Y. could arrogate to himself the tribune rit, who is not even four years old he filled out the pcrando If the Philippines lalum Tore, listen, a moment faster that issue finished For in the observation of any mum Elagabali did not want to announce the year to return, to be reconciled with TR. P. y. COS. III. or to be thought of as liars, or as liars. Therefore those who published the new Mediobarbi He had taken care of the access to Niusea numismatics, which teaches the opposite they were, either it was not permitted, or it was not search

Before the various opinions of the learned we call them to the examination, to be fixed ne- He is the cessator of the long reign of Elagabalus. He received them in the camp, for him On the day of the emperor's death, Macrino 16 Maji V. C. 971, disene tradit God ■). Not long after, he saw Ylll. of Monday, the life of Macrinus testifies to the same tur ^) , and thereafter from the day of this Yicto- riac Imperasse lil years 9 months day 4 *^). Where it is made of stone, Ela- cut off about 11 Marlius V. C. 975. When Dio conspires with Zonaras, and from the marble seat of S. Hippolytus, which is preserved in the Vatican library, and to which because of his monument All those of the years challenge the faith It is certain that Elagabalus wrote, ibid. April V. C. 975 had already been killed Ela- and that he commanded Alexander. So the 16th day. Maji V. C 971, quo Ela suffered himself to be proclaimed Augustus fables, and ^ies 11 March V. C. 975

quoiscaesus, two cardinals, in^ ' through whom his empire is concluded, at- that these, on account of the cited authorities, and they are valid among the learned, as certain theses admonition of Lampridius, enclosing them ^), nor of Panvinian marble relaxing them ^ , ne- that of other writers of varying duration I took care of the assignees, and forced them Let the faith of Dion be broken. She which I have mentioned here briefly, in more detail see the propositions in Valsechii's Dissert. of Elagab Irib. can V. , Philippi a Turre de in the years of the reign of Elagabalus, Tiilemont Note 6. in Eiagab. Mazzoleni Animadv. of tribe can, p. i3i, Vignoli of the year 1 imp. Alex.

The whole duration of the empire of Elagabalus, therefore, grasped by these hinges, is rum 3 month 9 about a day 26 If this is true, why tion, say the chronologists, Elagabalus could he succeed to the tribune V.? statue there the 16th day Maji V. C. 971 birthday of the empire, with which he began the tribune I. Here if it were repeated on the same day every year, pier quinlus on the 16th Maji V. C. 975 But Elagabalus had already been slain tooth on March 11 So to explain how many gods are distinguished by the tribune of V. it was necessary to find an escape so much the more hindered, the closer they are view, the seat of all the emperors only on the day of the birth of the empire It seems worthwhile, especially call the opinions of the learned in the examination in fact, who are easily repelled by such a lucid my learning is more slowly aided, which is nor does Lulian's principle command repetition,

a) L. 75m § 30. b) L. 774 5. 39. c«p. 6. €) Gruter pag. 1082. 9.

c) 579 § 3. d) in Alex.

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432

CAPVT X

and to be established before the name of Elagabalus all others are the most important

Slow down. VaUechii. £a in the fist contracts here he commands. Agreed, Ela- Macrinus McMoria's faiste aum, which he drove with no right through Caracal that he usurped the power of murder. Why? when this right of birth (for Caracalla he openly professed to be his son) In three deaths, his debt was his, his right he thought he was born the pus, which Macrinus had ordered He would snatch himself away. As, then, ex

Dion, we have gone, it is agreed, Eiagabalus involasse: inMacrini oonsulatum, eumqne ordered to be abolished, so that he had also flown into his tribe power, and that which is when Caracalla was killed in the 5th century 970 days yill. April, from the same of such an empire as the tribunes of Elagabalus that he had enumerated his own, ... His tribunate Y. began VIII. April V« C. 974 * See these previously explained in yiri's learned dissertation on Elagabalus tribe can y. page 97. How weak it is I hold this doctrine from my own heart eyertalar, I will attack to confirm.

Diagram of senescence of Falseehii*

v.c.

Q70

F.X.

217

Th. P. 1.

Day 81 Caracalla in April.

971 1 2ib|Ta. r. 1. 11

cough 1

973 1 2.q|TR.P. 11.111.

|COS. 11. 1

973 1 22o|TH.P.1II.IV.

|COS.IlI.|

974 1 22i|Tfl.P. IV. V.

COS.UI 1

975 1 a2 2|TR.P. V.

|COS. IV. 1 On the 11th Elagabalus was slain by Marius.

Adversaries following this doctrine notices fight propala.

L If Elagabus I say just a trib. had anticipated the power, the tribune plexus could not have a place in heaven. For when he begins here from hjpothesi Vlir. April 5. C. 970, as well as the same On the day of the year 971 he began the tribunate II. but he himself did not until after the 7th day of Monday, He was recognized after the victory the performer, it is clear, the gods with fribnnata the simpirce, which has already expired, shall not be struck

could have But with what rajtion did ValaeGhios ex- will fold the names encountered in the inscription TB, P. COS.? Audio: suppressed note Il.iri- bonatum II this is not uncommon in the example of the names of the emperors. Ve be this ram for some time now the names of the emperors, but in most especially in the present age, eerto Calsoo, and the canBprimia of Elagabali, in whose mo- daughter, from which trib. power is repeated his numbers are omitted, ulin- . look at Moses, and the sincere catalog of Maa*

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THE TAXATION POWER.

433

they celebrate From which it follows, aat news still sealed by Macrinus at Rome, which is absurd, or the teaching of Yalsechius ^el prepter rejects this one reason go*

II. In this bjpothesis he began tribunatns

II. on YIII April Y. C. 971, therefore of* beginning 9 almost for months, that is to say until to the last day of December, was TR. rOT 11. COS. But never with the tribe natuIL is coupled with a simple consulship, but always consul II. , which is proved so with the gods, and with the marbles. Or then Valsechius make Terimill, within the ma« this part of the year I had no business to be Elagabali nuroos, or a sentence 8 when it is realized that it cannot be forgotten. £t .yero this difficulty is not so far the ring presses, but equally in the following a bus for it would be necessary from the same law. stere numos of the year 972 inscribed TR. POT

III. COS. 2, and the gods of the year 974 plos TR POT V. COS. m., but why? I confess prayers unknown to me*

III. In the same doctrine, the tribune of Y. cocpitYlII April of the year 974, and expired life 11 March of the following year, of course with the death of Elagabalus himself. Therefore it is it lasted in a new fcre space.' But if you who make, that so few exist bali numi tribune V. distinguished, with ta- men of the tribunes of other gods a tooth This criterion in the numismatic matter not to be roughed up at all, and used when needed, not a little light snppedi tat Therefore, finally, to this tribune defining the key points.

I refrain, when these things are sufficient, other arguments, with which more con- conducted by Philip of Turre in his dissertation cited, in which Yalsech's doctrine of omni- the bus attacks the machines. However, there Tit late Pinkerlon, qut opinion He embraced her, who was completely abandoned is *). No, Froelichius too strum to explain year V , nem- pe 6T, 6., in the numo of Caesareae Cappa- teaching with the head of Alexander Sey. still Caesar's in the same way. I escape with Valsechius use '')•

Senteniia IL Pagii, who embraced him It is true, and Doyia has arguments against it Yalsechiom was established by Philip from Tnrre in Dissert. of the year Elag. from page 68 Kimirum as Elagabalus in- The consulship of Macrinus was silent, and the beginning of the year 971, which were due to him, by anti- He dyed it to himself, as if at that time the consul had proceeded, so yi- it is given that he can be thrown from the same and at that time, of course from Kalendis lan. of the same year by the overthrow of Tclot Macri- no, and a similar use of anticipation, begins to have resumed his principalities, as the same that consulship and the principle of government would be These things to him. This teaching orally guarantees that it has been properly worn to the tribunes, as the gods postnlant, com- are placed Moreover, in every aspect of Tcri is deposed. At least the reason given by the rapture Macrinus was absent from the consulship so much that Pa- gi?et sentence, not even Tchemen-

a) Essay on McDonald Vol. I. page 19. b) IV* Xenl. page 306" {FoL FnL)

li

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434

CAPVT X

ler impcdiat For what Ela- he fell, when Macrinus was swept away from the fasli wanted, I snatched the burnt rum from Kalendis lan. , with the same ex- eroplo, »i rapcre eliam trib power I wanted honor, I would not have snatched the par- tem, of course what flowed from them that Kalendis, scd the whole, that is to say from the day XI. April V. C. 970, when he was tribuned Macrinus came; for according to her The page of Kalenda lanuaria was not fue- runt icardo tribe power, as they were consulate If that's the case, I'll recycle it the sentence of Valsechius, which Nibctf's troops went to overthrow the Tower. Ce- but if it is necessary for these men to be cruel the view of this fugitive no other mode of supereral Elaga- bali used with benches to put, that very thing also to be applied he is proud of his predecessors, with whom, as we have seen, "oosalatus l"m pa- 'rum, and Elagabali, with ti4bunaiihus they cling to it, if they are born to the delusion of the government He served as a tribune. ijuare «t hi in pra«- 4i^i- tate, or in Macrinus Elagabalus, in-

they will be said to have flown.

m

Sentence II This item of Page 111 the wind, to whom from time to time; since he will give showed off tuit, which, however, in the end, the Tower he prefers the one least hindered to the rest it seems that ^x Additions to the dissertation about the years of Elag. p. 198, and ibid p. 67 and 68 is clear. Here: refcrt beginning of trih of power^EIagabali to date the adciamation made by the roilites. Yerum when Xiphilinus betrays this XTL day Maji, in this wrong is aspired to, eC for this to be replaced on the 16th of March. <^ar6 if this day Y. C. 971 began na* the tribune of Elagabalus I., imtiam The tribune of Y. falls on the 16th day of Ma^ of the year 4)75. But with Eiagabalus psoci before fa^inc term in days of death fectuB iit, it must be said, no tribanata y. signs already struck before, as in They will be available on the day of their birth. Boe established, mC Turriua *), "to be taken." all the difficulties to which other ways They were obstructed by the indications of others. But we don't know notices the learned Wr, %% on others la* those he had entered, from whom he knew explained, he will be a great Proteus to me. That I may show you, en hojai 4 {and every grain of doctrine*

■jr«< »'.■■ »■"

. im^^a ipi ■i-f

a; Pag. 197.

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THE TAXATION POWER.

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biagram of the attempt of Pagius.

v.c.

971

P.X. ai8 TR. P.I.

COS.

16 Martu acclaraatiir the emperor.

972 1 ai9|TR. P. 1. 11. |COS. 11

973 1 3So|TH. P. 11. 1U.|C0S. 111. [

9741 aai|TR.P.Ill.IV.|COS. III. |

975

aaa

*

TR. P. IV.

COS. IV.

He was killed a little before the tribune then V

I don't want to be in the favor of the sentry the tower of Pagiana's hooves patron of the house For Turrius himself ad she snpped her eTcrlendam arms. En his YCrba "): In all the gods Etaga' bali number of years ' he argued with the number of consulships never in one year^ or in the same year double trib, the power is observed running a series of medals this August At Mediobarbum it is immediately clear - - - Ua all the gods of the year Z19 signntr TR. P; II. COS. II. , of the year Z20 TR. P. III. COS. III., and of the year 222 TR. P. V. COS. III. Which is the subject of ^ the Kalends themselves Jan. every year with the consulship that the tribe had been established as a shield power - - - Otherwise from the woolen to the Major, or no medal at all for the month of June Elagabalus would have been struck either by us had arrived A kind of argumentation I have also used others, don't you see? Their tower, which in this place stands the higher opinion of Pagius should be considered he had said, I forgot?Q with this argument

this second doctrine thoroughly erertere^ Or not likewise in this sub In the same consulship he met a double tribe. power? Would it not follow from there? from the woolen till the 16th. nil the light at all on the medal of Elagabalus I have been, Tcl to us? Many to gravios absurdum ex nurois of the year 975 in this teaching would result, of course: All the gods are inscribed in TR. P. IV. COS. III. , such as from Kalendis lan. his years up to 16 March should have been struck, they perished, while in the meantime TR was inscribed. P. V. COS.mi., who for the 16th of March be prepared only, not a few ad reach us This opinion of the author taie numoruip, and another from the Tower itself enervated by the agent it guarantees this good, which Xiphilini's place can be seen unharmed, and besides, no one does not have the necessity for himself let it feel imposed, the tribune's repetition* also of other emperors, which It is my doctrine, from the beginning of the woolen to repeat

He also had the opinion of loau

a) in discrt. city page 76*

I i i 2

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n«s Vignolius ») » V°^ Elagabalus not before the death of the lily It is surprising that V. consulted the tribune. Ode to the plan of Mediobarba, I will kill him in ipaum Sepiembrcm differl. Vignolii the arguments are either weak, or It is much more convenient to explain it aupcrest ralio, completely useless. But Me- he challenges Diobarbus to his falsities, whom He still owes us today. Finally, el ta- for a few years in Rome it was discovered and built by cl. Morcello *>), in where you read: IMP.CAES.M. AVR. SEVE^ BO. ALEXANDER COS. EIDIB open LIBVS. Therefore, when it is left in the bac Elagabalus, his colleague, is certain him there April had already been killed, era- 60, which he established, from the feasts of his name. Mazzolenus took his canine vclere from worshiped on the 10th December tribe power I ask from a learned man what the cause is. CttT for all the years of Elagabalus none there is a god who from the lake on the 10th, December bris through the rest at least 20 his year it would be a signal day. Nara in this sen- some tentacles should survive the letters TR.P.U. COS or TR P. UI.COS.II. or TR P. IlIL COS. III ▼el TR. P. V. COS. IIL, whose lamentation there is nothing like it in any museum, or Find out what happened.

Senienia JV. , which is mine, according to while the tribe of Eiagabalus power taken on the 15th Maji V. C. 971 pro- ximis Kalendis • lan. repeated, and then stock in the same dfe in the same way as in We have seen the preceding Augusts,

rarely go through, it is not necessary, hojai to propose a diagram of doctrine, Dam can be seen in his annals themselves. Om- in this they are flat and open, nothing which is not already from the superior princes would have been observant in whose money to be examined if I ventured the same opinion these men were the most distinguished, how to They contributed to the crisis of Elagabalus. the same to himself in them, the qaasin of Elagabaloi They would have faced difficulties, and tom they would have been compelled to confide, except from the beginning January tribune is requested, Ao- of taste from Antoninus Pius tribune tus with the consulates as soon as possible, and then they would of course have been abandoned those sharp engagements, which to e?oI« you will sell Elagabalus years give birth to the lights. After all, what else I also warned him not to oppose me aolitarios, who differ from mine they seem to teach pts. For they were rightly or those who decapitated these gods, fel even the old mints who scald them psere, in that place above the hamana they had not been, but I slipped that there was no possibility I suspect? In the Caesarean museum, which Ela- gabali numos commati Bomani 170 let the many bow down, so that there is not even one, qoi Does he not hand down doctrine from me? it will be convenient.

ALEXANDER.

From this also Augaste Dumis seO" my intention was markedly confirmed, qnod will immediately open a consultation with the tribe the birth of the component They, what day they let the nativity of the empire stand renewed, caa*

a) of the year I. Alez. Sev» b) de Stilo inscr. page 178.

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ftain they had published before, in the year 5. C. 979', when Alexander proceeded uncontested consul II t and with which he glided for about three full months still 4* held, never legatnr in the land of TR. P. 4m COS. II., but consistently TR. P. V. COS. II., at the same time in of the year V. C 982 not TR. P. VII. COS. III. aliqnot demptis numis, give which below, but always TR P. VIII. COS. III.? The more serious that difficulty presses the middle-bearded, who impe Alexander's dif- in September itself carries, no one does not see.

But Alexander's gods are said to be refracted rii, quTnuli sesesentencia applicaii pa* they are used as:

IRIP C. M. AVR. SEV. ALEXANDER AVG, laureate head. X PONTIF MAX. m. P. II. COS. II. P. P. Rome helmeted seat d^Victoriolam, «. the spear shield on the ground AR.

These gods were neither subaerial, nor infrequent; for in the museum alone Four of these are accused. How* and to embrace the opinion, the tribune II. with the consulship II. to be associated with Alexander it makes But let us fear, in heaven ElagabaH to present the same par- averse to what you present to me they offer, we will be taught immediately, that and we know another fact, the coiners, when Alexander had just been ejected from the government let the gods go astray, yeteres Elagaba U had applied the matrices of Alexander's head. The face of this berera, than these names they display, it is of the same kind as in the in his first year • is worshiped

These two are much more troublesome mttsei Caesarei:

IMP. SEV. ALEXANDER AVG. Head laureate 1 P. M. TR. P. VII. COS. lil P. P. Soldier marching d. branch In another: Miies standing d. spear cly bad AR.

These gods favor the opinion of those who the tribe was born on the birthday of the empire iteranr, My opponents They were seen, of course Some of the mints have yet to pay tribunatuamodus had resilscited, qnod ten- tatom sometimes yidetur, as other ye- We have said the same thing, and we will explain it below in conclusion of this doctrine § IV.

MAXIMTNFS

We have set forth the suit of this coin, what are the opinions of scholars about the years im- he destroyed Maximinus, as well as in the teaching of those who were tribuned on the day such an empire had passed, it could not have been accomplished his tribe power 4* carved in the gods, which, since he was not of his own opinion to suit, to prefer, to suspect them to pronounce, unsanctified, that they are certain of faith, and not infrequent. 6ed and in another way of the god to this science they oppose Maximinus impe- rium about the middle of the year 5. C. 988, and the next Kalends lan. 989 proceeded the consul, therefore, the second year of this sterio the patrons of the tent had been TR. P. COS. But now the consulship in his country Qoam is used as a simple tribune. Whence it follows that he went forth at the same time consul, as if he had doubled the tribune. Then I will have faith in Mazzoleno, when my these will show too much with TR. P, II. no the added consols already mentioned ez quo paetati eoa cusoa from day 10. De-

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CAPVT X

Cerabris V. C. 988 until the next Kalendast to which the consul proceeded.

GORDlAyyS IIL

We paid in bullion for a year V. C. 993, under the same tribune 111. meet already COS simple, already COS II. aatur, but exceptionally rum, which his ecstasy from the day of his birth they repeat the government. For if Gordianus at the beginning of the year 99^ until Kal. lan. 994 was TR P. lll., with this tri- the consulship of the United States cannot be conjoined protected, because Gordianus was conspiring with these fasts he proceeded only in 5. C. 994 consul II Pompey's civic colleague But if it should be said that the tribune had under Lulio, every difficulty is removed; for it would have been from the end of the year 998 TR. P. 111. COS., to him soon from Kal. lan. 99/4 TR. P. III. COS. He did not arrive Mazzolenus learned to this point *), although not a few names are inscribed in this way they exist at Mediobarbum; for his same opinion as mine It goes This is an obstacle to be removed, no habeOy unless it may be said, coiners some have a way of repeating it, others not Then he had usurped in nnumis, of which yide, which I shall say in more detail in the conclusion of this chapter tloctrinae § IV.

But by no means because of the paean ca- nant adyersari, for their opinions the same Gordian god double Tulnus the other of which is incurable, invalid they say She first: Gordias proceeded nus consul I. Kalendis lan. Y. C. 992.

Dcinceps until the exit of Inlia in their doctrine was TR. POT., then stock TR POT II. They met Gordia- nor the name of the inscribed TR. P. II. COS., qoi there would be other semesters; but none they stand with the epigraph TR. P. COS., qni they were of the former. Are there any of these late ones? it was decided to strike the gods with the mention of three good, and comforting, currency in the second half of the year to take I don't hide it, I stand out which to the year Y. C. 991 ex mnseo Caesarius I recited, with the epigrspbe F. M. TRl. P. CON. P. P., who consul I. conjoins with the tribune I., qaod in in my opinion, both Maxzoleni should be done he cannot The speech of this god I don't think we should go, the first one in two ways it infuses the custom Sn Ipius TRI for TR , and CON. for COS. Then if you choose these gods re- limns to hear, Andiams and another Gor* diani, of which there is a double copy there is a rim in the Caesarian museum with the epi* graph : P. M. TR. P. XYIL COS. II. N. P. P. Yidetur therefore in the former god the chronological note omitted, which in* the advantage has now crept in, in pfO* We will meet with Ximo Philippus» At TnlDOS the other much more serious. It is certain to exist with a number of Gordians tribune YH To this as a guest pre- be happy, it is necessary for them, for some months bus matnrius, than the series of bistoria pe^ he sends, that Gordian's iroperium should be raised, and to finish again later. What is this mass slias he had done to these learned men, to see you can at Maz^olenom ^), and Till^ mountains «^). Why is there nothing more fitting?

.1) Aniinadv. to trlb. can page 159, b) I. c. c) Note I. in Gordian.

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THE TAXATION POWER.

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Tillemonlio, than the horn of the woods to erase them But for two before me and the eyes of others are scrutinized. In my do ctnna, m whatever year the tropus ini« lium, iinemqne Gordiani reponas, faciliB tribune YII exits that he had tasted a part, yel she the small number of behaviors thus recorded to prove it. £x signature* according to their chronology the day before his death Xiy. MaKii 5. C. 997 place, as vi- it may be said among the authors cited. add ar- illustrious gument from the good table missions discovered not so long ago, which Oordianum A. D. Vfl. I.D. lAI^J. He died of TB. POT 6. COS. II. to the additional consuls of Ar- Rian and Pope *). These are the characteristics of Y. C 996 P. X. 343. If then the repetition of tribu- born would have been drawn from the day of his birth, Gordias*' but not in the spring month of that day of the year could have been TB POT VL but V

Numis Alexandrini in accnrats cata- Iqgis year 7 show off, ni^mpe L. Z., and this is correct according to the Egyptian a well-known rum But I'm going a year H and 0, whom the Mnseum of Theupoli reci- tat, not to be reconciled with the history of Gordianus they can But neither did the like Zoega finds others in museums. lure there are their numbers H and 0 in A and He orders to be corrected. Even the gods of Caesarea Cappadocia^ the year 17 offcrunt.

PHILIPPHUS P44TER

These tribunes are excellently illustrated two bronze tablets, nt Tocamus,- ho- nest of mtssion

Primay which was excavated* near Ituti- for, and published first by Maffeius ^), de«> hence Muratorio c) has thus;

IMP. Slaughter M. IVLIVS. PHILIPPPVS. PIVS FEL. AVG. PQNT. MAX, TB POT V. COS. III. P. P. PBOCOS

IMP, CAES M. IVLIVS. Philippius PIVS FEL. AVG. BRIDGE MAX. TB POT IL CQS II. P. P. The names of the soldiers who marched, etc.

AD VII. I.D. lAN. IMP. M. IVLIUS Philip. PIO FEL. AVG. III. AND " IMP. M, IV Philip. PIO FEL. AVG. H. COS.

A second Neapolitan bronze plate issued by Sponius

IMP. I will kill M. IVLIVS. Philippius PIVS FELIX. AVG. PON- TIF, MAX. TBIB POT III. COS. HI. DES. P. P. PBOC. AND IMP. Slaughter M. IVLIVS. Philippius PIVS HAPPY AVG. BRIDGE MAX. TB POT III. COS. JL IWISIGNAT ♦) P.P. »'i«, who are fighting, etc.

a) Marini Frat. arv. p. 4(56-b) Ant. Gall. p. 6. c) Pag. 36 l. l. d) Misc p. 244 -•) Badly in this place Fabretus, who published this hymn twice, (Column. Traj. p. 70, and In-

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CAPVT X

AD V. KAL. lAN. IMP. M. IVLIUS Philip. PIO HAPPY AVG. COS. DES. III. AND IMP. M. IVLIUS Philip. PIO FEL. AVG. COS. II. DES. COS*

Both epigrams are slightly different branch, until now in the usual manner We have confirmed it, even in Philippi to cripple their opinion, who trib.

tribe of the power of V., but it was forbidden only to him tribunate IV is given away

Qoare with both from the board certain be done, Philip on the 26th December

The power of the native empire had been inherited from the tribe of the 5th century BC

when Philip V. C. looo was with them thence from Katendis lao. almost to the end so true TR P. lU. COS. II., reli- at which time of this year TR P. III. 'C08. II. But why never in his nu- we read in the previous way, always second? of course not from the birth of the empire, but at the beginning of the year he has gone In the same way it is sought by law, why in the year 5. C. looi nanqoam TR is legal. P. IIIL COS. IIL, always TR. P. V. COS. III.

But the plan was based on previous plans strikes a sentence intcrnetion She from inscribed with chronological notes he litigates on VH lanuarii V. C. looi He ran then in their opinion Phi- Lippi tribunatus IV*» and yet the table vindication of the tribune V. An certias We will miss a certain argument to fix under the beginning of the year the tribe njBitas iteration?

The second table of doctrine is no less cl. Mazzoleni was wild and tribune every year 10th Dec. repeated decision. That ^pigram was conceived on the 28th. December V. C. 1000. £x ejas mente Phi- Lippnus was then already from the 10th of December

IV. , if you wait a few days, namely on the VH* day of the V* C. looi tri- bunata Y., naturally follows, repeat* tion of the tribe at the beginning of the year made

I see, I have taken a snare from the adresaries inscribed from the gods of the year 5. C. 998 more: P. M. TR P. COS. P. P. Reno At the beginning of his year, the tribanatn TH should write in my opinion P. II. COS. ; but when simple " TR. P. is written, it follows, at the beginning years still worth the simple tribute cem, and him only at the beginning At the beginning of his birthday, but it is easy to escape from these snares direct Ajo, in these gods the number of U suppressed, whose frequency we have examples of emperors in heaven. B^ I see the spondcri, from M. Anre- his age trib. I did not know about the pD test further suppressed. Now I won't give but read them, so that the adversaries epigraph no behavior of the year 1000: P. M. TR. P. IUI* COS. P. P., or the year 1002: TR. P. 6. COS. P* P. It is true that on this account they will perform, unless he confesses themselves, writing COS. for COS II. and

scr. dem p. 687-) the number of the consulship was reduced to 11, and after Marinius also, Fa- bretti may have been used as an example. Sponius put it, as it was necessary, and it is read a little in* fra in that^em tabula yersu 16.

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THE TAXATION POWER.

MIILlPPrS FiLirs.

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COS. II cash? That is, if the consulate they will confess, who, however, are not from them it was customary to omit the emperors, who pas- cold tribe ignore the power of numbers why it will be incredibly neglected, I have left J^anc note in counting tribuna^tOy that what happened at random?

The order in which the chief here is enumerated give a trib by the power of certain witnesses, and indu- He used the monuments of faith, as well he is bound together, as his knots, unless Ale to use the sword of Xandri, to be able to ezpedi spcres Of a universal suit as a judgment cer- he might have been brought, and all the monuments should be judged to describe the savings:

A. PQNT. MAX. TR. P. IIIL COS. II. Designs P. P. So it is said in Neapolitan bronze plate engraved 28 December Y. C. looo,' which I described* above in pale*

B. BRIDGE MAX. TR. POT THE COS. II. So it is said in the bronze tablet of Mutinensis exarala yil lan. Y. C. looi, which I described in the same place.

C. P. M. TR. P* Ilil. COS. P. P. in certain coins, which he dedLin his currency to the year Y. C. looo

D. P. M. TR. P. III. COS, n. P. P. in certain gods, (ibid.)

E. PONTIFEX MAX. TR. P. Y. COS. IIL in numo, but whose l^ction varies it is betrayed Yide said to the gods of the year Y. C. looi.

F P. M. TR. P. YL COS. P. P. in certain gods. Yide the gods of the year Y- C

1002

Nutni Golizianu

CAE8. PONTIF. CQS PRINCIPAL lYYENT. AYG. PONTIF. TR. P. COS. AYG. PONTIF. TR. P. IL COS. IL AYG. PONTIF. TR. P. IIL GOS. IL

But you know, none of these up to now yel sight of the most beautiful museums, all from one Goltzian Thesaurus" I have known him who frees me from faith. We have discussed it at length elsewhere. That yet I thought it necessary to advance, because most prominent age of our chrono-

{FoL riih)

the logs of their testimonies were used incousilliu they are

Atcerta monumentsquodatinel, ti- let us give him the tribune of the Tariis anniarians in others it is thought that the number is greater, than who could meet his command grind Let us hear from the learned about these judgments. Kkh

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CAPVT X

HardiHnos ') , to him Tillemendas ^) na- flios Htcris C and D described tcI pro- the bridge of Seluni then they condemn * Perera; iiam,'ttt you would teach them in Tractattt de pon- tifice maximq, hence from BaVbino and Pa- there were so many pontiffs at the same time cea of the greatest, qaot of Augustus. Of the beginning The trib* of power is strangely disagreeable, as it is evident from Mediobarbus himself in the heart of the and all the Philistines. Others paid tribute to the son of Jianc assert power, before August he was said to be old, so as to equal these and those died one year ago, according to Immediately after Caesar called them side is ^). Far from these Tarius se^i* he is reluctant to dwell in the tentacles and since they contribute nothing to TC, lu- betque from the cited documents, .which many important lessons learned from these Tires to be unknown, to be judged.

It is certain, as long as Philip's son Caesar was so pleased that the gods did not appear tribe marked by power, so much so by this part cannot be completed, whether it enters at that time it was already remarkable. first my uuifii boasting of him Augustus they are already standing, and then his first tribe the one born, whom we know from the gods, is TR. P* illL COS. added in other COS. II. The question is, to what year are these nami? they should be reported. I have a question say that the letters E and F fall completely descpipti, "into whom our Philippians hair: TR P. V. COS. III. and TR P. yi. COS. Yt therefore these without doubt ad annoB y C. looi and 1003 belong, so jlli to the year 1000. Therefore, inquiet

aliquls, PhiKppum }am inde a piinci- pious to the honor of Caesar power Will you perform the given? and what followed there, against the authority of all festivals the state of him in the tribune , who secdi^ while this doctrine in the year Y. C^ 1000. falls, consul 11. facies, com was he then only consul I.? But for we will bear the parachronit with a heavy heart consulship of II., when in heaven tera E descripUs, if only correctly promulp gati aunt, the same is said COS. III., who yet the consul never proceeded three times? So I put the matter aside. Ajo, Phir son of Lippo, from whom Augustus was called after a few centuries of games riam of the gods*, common with the father of the nu- that the behavior was atrocious, by which the X) Essarius, lit by conferring the consulship on his son, who had been the father, Teritas would have been killed history, and the order of the feasts. But whether like such a perversion in the currency of the pil- flash? Terrible of course, since fa- Let us fear Nor Tero in these Phi- Lippi numis, qood Tisum Pagio ^), re«* may run into monetary errors te^tnere moving matrices; for such is the abundance of the father's money, than tiKi with the same epigraph that PM TR P. VI. COS. P.P., ugh Frolichius had already warned, ejof there can be no slip of suspicion* Qao even more strange^ the gods are still obTiosed by it that they were unknown to our times none of them offered one cone, Tel today's amplifier Mediobarbo, Tcl hnjos Argelato. But if it is eradicated This is the monastery of the ancient pbiologists

a) Hist Aug. b) Note V. in Philip. c) Tillemont. to ann. 247, ct note V. in

Philip. d) Cflt. Baron to ann. 253 no. l4. . e) lY. Tept pag. 425-

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BE TRIBYNITIA POXESTATE

meiaa faisaeiil cogniti^t m extricanda the children of the trilK would have labored under the power of minAs, co* they would have felt the same with us. AoipHiis, what did the Antiochenes dare? I don't know they just gave the consulship to their son Philippus who was the father" but also of Otacilia, and Etruscan tribe power and counsel tut, quL fuere maritornm, et istnd m ohYiis, and his elegant telradrachms. What chaos there was, why the mint so much arbitrarily set up for himself Tcrint^ I do not inquire, nor think nothing is probable in this case" unless can be brought about by empty conjectures" Moreover, the confusion that closes there in these gods, by no means alone other mints blew. In the cited table Naples is joined by the son of TB. P. my COS. II. DESJGNAT title father TR P. 111 COS. IIL DES., ex quo apparety a scatptere example ex Bumi's asking for an equal tribute indeed the number of births, but the number of consulships I have sent all things wrong, he will dictate the law the table of Mutinensis, in which with.TIL P. no. COS. 11. TR is connected to the wire. P.V. COS. IIL of the father, than if we receive There will be no reason to anticipate the child before the title of Augustus against his age custom of power The question was cnr its distribution in anal •equendum pntayerim Somehow a ¥ero is not averse, double from yeter* bus in the son of numbering tribunatoa ino- while fnisse obserTatnm» sic nt others enm from the given title of Caesar, others from the prince ^ they would lead Augustus to the throne of honor, because

443

not in a rerisiraile manner is ^xcontentioBe outside the uvula" but also from the exem- the plo of Uacrin, in which also a double The custom of numbering the consuls was agreed upon we demonstrated Argamen^am, in which Tii- Lemontius to elect the authority of the board he strives, of course, by opposing the souls of Gol- tzii, on account of these infirraam his faith pte collapsed Even below in Yolusian We will trust him, too, even though Caesar it was before, yet since Augustus di- he was born, the same number as his father that tribe power*

» B C I F S

In the year 5. C. 10041 nen to stand out a certain Ten-coin with the mention of tribunes. But him they are dying of marbles, of course TR. P. II. COS. II. •) and TR P; IH COS. II. i>) The latter reason and reason and it contradicts the opinion of the adversaries; for in each tribunat III. it happened in the year 5. C. 1004, but when Decius he was consul III. So much more through this Mazzolenus trinmphat marbles; for He said that they had been drawn up since the 10th of Decem- bris V. C. ioo3 usqne ad proxinKu Cal. lan., at which time from his sen- the tension was TR P. IIL COS. IL «). Ve- mm or even sincere^ hormm marble* will perform the reading, even if roarmo- Shall we be honest? Decius was captured at least until the end of the year Y. C. 1004, is proved for the first time from the gods Ale^ xandrinis L. P., who the third year coe*

a) Giuler page, io21. mural page 46 o. 4 ct 1101. 3. Mus. Veron page CH. 3. b) Mtf- he was angry page 262. 6. Grulcr page. 273- 6. Spon. Mis. page 202. c) of the tribe can page 172.

Khaka

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44&

CAPVT X

pit on the 29th Aogatli his aofii, then of the ex-Trebellion, the ciui seiiatos eansoltom He tells of the Yalerian censor . YI. Cal. No- Yemb., missomqoe Decio adbnc tivo «). But two Decii fuejr^ consiales V. C.'io4, who annnnt was the poalrejmua of Decius. Since ergp in De^io de£cittnt numi, nibil cer- and about the manner of the tribe of Ilecaia. power we can affirm* -

T&ERONIjdNFS.

The boundaries of this government are narrow the ancient historians have prescribed "abundantly." in his coins dtxinvus, and yet in it is read in the name of the gods of Ejns and Yolusians tribe the power of IT., how little ex-> The Panyinian sentinels can stand on foot Patronus, as Petayius himself states while he pitied the Trebonian tribune, which is my doctrine, that Kalendis was lan. repeated soJitos ^). The monuments themselves ^ibus ijos tribonatnum calculus Jiiti- tur, exposuimns in this narrow movement neta, in which iUa place he had to go because he ate for an ill-fated duration The government was agitated by so many dissensions •confernt In the same place that We have refuted the opinion.

rOLVSlANVS.

We went to Father Trebonianus, as not a few of learned grayiter derit noted in these nnumis trib. you can you are standing there, to which I will never let you go He held, to most, the undoubted Tisus* The same thing should have struck them so much more

tribuned in number losian^ n^on only in the name of the latter mom this year indicated by me, but I also fashioned the best armor from Barthel. mjo TulgatOfn, and ^ me in the Yolusians Meneta restored. Indeed, they drive U-ibunatni If» already too much^cst in Trebd- by reason of which he will be able to compact Yolusiano, who for some time Cae- sar f^it, before Augustus titdamf et "The joint care of this tribe power adipiseeiretttr? ^asset this knot from pre- onions, except for example already pre- Philip the younger lived, who himself He was numbered with his father's tribe. power he had £i( by which we gather, eaa had still been reported to Caesar, 4 ieps repulsed every year, qaod the same thing already happened in Tiberius, Titus, M. Aurelius, observe others.

rALERIANFS.

Ejqs trib. other power The problem lends itself to my teaching, but ;fa11it in consolatu ly., qut jn numis tri- l»unatuni ly. rCt y. cenjungit, com tamei my opinion is that the place is noa he can, if he properly himself in the teaching of Paninius Idcommodat* yerum expedient is qaaeso two ^rnterian marbles, which with c6n8ulatu II Tribuhatum 3 conjoin We will continue in Gallienus, iqoas pertuAata all, and yelut hinge mo^ they were in this age.

HALLIENFS

Yalerian and Galhenus y. C. loob

z) in yaler. under b) JDoctr. 4 emp. L. XI. c. as*

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THE TAXATION POWER.

445

P. X. 353 seized the empire, conBpi- rant chroDologomoi perititsimr) and us with illts, as diximns in the coin Tre- Honiani/ This happened later on in Roense Augustus did not pollute, says Til^emon- tius *) , us into the outgoing year we are afraid Gallienus was already the same this year polestate as well as pa- trem provided, in addition to the tribune 16., who was his posterity, and ne- cessario ih year Y* C. loai falls, also proves the marble of Masonry, in which the same tribune Yil. attributed to both Ya- leriano, ^uam Galliisno ^)^ The same the year Y* C. 1021 was the last of Gallienus, and first of Claudius, it is clear that from the fact that last year Clau- The consul generally received a long reception he proceeded Killing Gallieni in the month March, we hold from Trebellius, who no I$Lal. April brought to the city of Clau God sent a message to the government becomes c). Yt numi ^omani Gallienus tri- They were tribunes of the XXIIm ^^^ Alexandrians jmnos Ip

£x these which have just been mentioned inus, it is evident that he was deceived in Gallienus the opinion of those who are native to the government tterata trib They teach power* For His birthday here ends in the month of August Y. C. ^006 P. X. 253, trib« potestas XYIm which the Gauls offer to the gods, he began in the same month Y. C. 1021 P. X. 268 Gallienus was already dead March of the same year, at which time His tribune ran after them XY* Therefore, in order that their doctrine may stand, it is necessary, either the government of Gallienus, or .to postpone his death longer, which ipsl

they do not want, or to confess with me, this po- testale before the exile was born rate at the beginning of the year.

Moreover, I do not want this doctrine of mine £them to the gods of Gallieni, «t inscriploa these tribunes expWari, Kam are ho- not a few rums, in which they were joined with consuls to them openly declare it. What then? or you will c^ss your deceitful to reject the opinion, and to embrace it ram? Yes, TCro from the hammer, as they say, to the anvil Eleni also sent the other tia him in the manner of Jesus catur, as his patron Bandurius pro- iiieri is not infrequently played, I am openly opposed to the fast they themselves, of course, are not sincere the witnesses of the ages, provide the test, that there is no order, no ratlo in the light Gallienus was also in charge of affairs he stopped. Why with the odds others follow my law easily I became their unjust calculation, whatever it may be I will not allow another opinion to work just as well by my own organization, the previous im- p.eratprum numis so neatly compro- to be removed from the bat, especially when the adversary there is no reason to be available for saris, tribune XYI* with his doctrine of cohcilia. Ce^ it is not necessary to repeat, who They are either opposed to my individual sentences, or let them favor, I praise them with their highest 4 go, and with care from the ci^atogis, who they seemed more sincere, gathered together, so much so It should be easy for anyone to do them with anything It was his choice to contest the decision. Mon seems to be withheld at this point, Chamillar- while in the dissertation, which is in Memo- riis Trevoltiensibus Novemb. 1719 page

,a) in Treboman, note IIJ. b) Pag. 460. 5. c) in Claud. c. 4.

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446

CAPITAL X.

,111» to bring catalogum nnmersm Gal- lieni, in qao Iribunalua, el conaulalat They proceed in a certain order. Who- I do not know how that god lived. Of course ttum Bandurii, the museum of Caesarea, other Yoroque this is not beneficial to us they will grieve As much as this same area let the Norwegians sweat, you are in the open^ ■), or successfully, it is tiresome to inquire, because cer- toji we are whether everything is necessary, fii 9Esta ejut aeii monmenta Terum speak out

Coacluiio ioitui ddctriHae^

I believe that anyone who has read it will enjoy it he will give testimony, me in the monument selection of rums, and reciting them ligious, neat, neat, and that in the case of Christianity it is the most important thing. difficult those monuments which oh Tariat causes they may seem suspicious, but they are not aubdole reticuitse certain records au« ctority, which causes my or my Dus are beneficial, or even adverse there But I also hope, after reading these learned men with sensibility, let him down there are few records that contradict and all things neatly and carefully test- ri, which I had undertaken to prove, from Augustus up to the tribe of Antoninus Pius. the repetition of the power was completed on the same day. by which she was bound; from this to Gal- Henu Kalendit lan., and this add- , sent the greatest of their di£GcnItat par- to vanish smoothly, which in every that another opinion or by no means Le- various, or only violently, and by in-

"Let us not conjecture, and he fled they can Therefore, as in the case of others, if in this case it should be valid first of all Aristotle: zic well^ otherwise not well^ «r- go like this very well. I still have adhoc n

1. I am not the only one to whom these things of the power itself Kal. lan. iteration problem bile is yisa. For yideo men lomme learned |am before me saw the temptation, and with one that I have instituted this in everything thence by Antoninus Pius Attgustis agnoico, but those in some cases so much. The train is hard cat Tir of the admirable genius of Dionjiioi He asked, who with the trib. the power of lY.^ which is read in the Yolusian numism. com to put it so as not to weigh with his government that he was only two years old, and how many months has it been, with these words Bodom he tries to solve it: he chronologizes the fuod itself notrae commentaneum e

a) de Volis decenn. c. Y^ d) Note 19 in Seyer.

b) Dr. temperature L. X(. e. 28. c) Opp, sell. page 68t

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THE TAXATION POWER.

4'47

metBodam pecaliari aliqaa dc .caosii to have been an enemy *) he is not able to establish, Caracalla ^) , et iiiox Elagabalus ^) tribanatns saos a Kalendis lan. repeated See others cited in the dissertation lo*

II. I said, Tideri Terimille, just now tribunatus Kalendis Jan« to repeat under Antoninus Pius began the cause from them requested by the gods. Suggertt conjecture I am the god of M. Aurelius, whom I have mentioned elsewhere presents Spanhemius <*) : AVRELIVUS. CAESAR AVG. II. Phil. I took it naked. S TR, POT. Vn. TR. POT» VHI. St. C Helmeted woman sitting d. hasiam, on the ground deep This particular part of the aae epigraphen Tarie explicaTere erudi« you Hardainus that double trib. can He sanctioned the understanding of the state, one uae essetin^xercibitus, the other, which in virtues and things, how an absurd doctrine. even if the ip&dm re- it is futile, but it is to be refuted oo Cited Spanhemius after his second wonder to be dealt with in this numo of BL Aarelii

trill>. power within a year repeated, and so much so that this one about the time when the tributes came out VII. , and began to want. True and false It is clear that Tiolentus is not explained ttUo pacto Terimilem. For £9 Let us go here or there, let us send you polluted, not in a certain tribnna- you, and therefore no Tydeus should exist. if you are in the world, if you are in marbles plum, that contiguous repeated teachers tus, Tcl honoris^numeroa conjunctos She would go away. For that if the permission fu- if it were mints, the same law applies to duplicates We would also read the consulates of the United States. c. COS. III. COS. IJIL in the same name juxtaposed with wisdom, whose ex- not repeated in all antiquity rias But en you in my opinion ex- pHatienem «tliam plainly obTiam^ and simple I said, aub Antoninus Pius Kalends lan. to repeat the trib. poiesati to have begun to be destined, she herself was called Tcro bujus epigraph, according to which Aurelius only Cae-^ he is called a sar, he teaches, by commanding him An- tottino Pio's signal. jWhy very Terisimiie, noTa reno?andi tribunatus on account of the recent establishment, whether that canon and TCeterum and QOTum nuau> inscribed, of course Teterem, se- sundum which was trib. power of VIL and the new one, to be cut, which he counted tribe power ^1X1.^1 according to which le- the gem of the god was cast in V. C. ^08, whose at the beginning of the year JCaTit Aurelius tribunatum VH., ex no- TO VIII Moreover, what has been the heart of Antoninus betrayed by the elders

a) of Tulg. era p^g. 287. -coL 2. II. page 430"

t) Eag. 288. col. 1. c) Pag. 291. col. 2 d) Toa

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440

CAPVT X

We are equally ignorant of the fact that more ancient times than others, apparently rejected bua, for unknown reasons.

111. From my doctrine sc- quilur, as I said at the beginning, trib. power always the first theme in the second canon, or at least it was generally undeveloped often constant for a few months, without ct days For if v. c. mid-December who received her, following a few rum days interTallo Kalendis lan. he began to count the second. that who- I believe that no one will see that institution absurd, when the same reason in com- thinking either of emperors or of epo- for many years he prevailed among the Gracchus in general, who both calculate to their civil year to adjust the light, so unsettled always in the first year, except when It was the same as the beginning of the novel civil year £jus examples abound They were known as the Antiquities of Syria. Caesarea Cappadocia, and others, and especially of Alexandria, Egypt, in which not a few, after the manner of the ancients, which are applied to the present argument they can, I argued *). To whom was added tereapotest, even the emperors of Gcrma- so the immediate successors of Charles M that he counted the years of his rapture, so that in whatever month they were auspicious, whether second always from the nearest Ka- they would count the woolen cloths *) who would buy them was observed by the constitutions of Ludo- vici Pius, Lotharius I., Henry I., Otho- these M., Henry II., Conrad II., Hen- 3 of the rich and lY. , Lotharius 11. Yide,' which on this topic from the dissertation

ne comitts Garampi Iradidit Bellejus l^). Therefore, if different nations, and different indeed, at the age of the first year of his reign take incomplete for complete , so as to celebrate the next civil year The second year would begin, I do not know why nor did the Romans pollute by the same example tribe power to the years of his ciTiiis, id is: to adapt in the manner of Lulian, and firstly, the incoropletus was raised high On the following calendar days, or isi- tio of his civil year, especially cumtestd Dione emperors according to the tribe can statetB also succeeding to his empire it is customary to count the years <^), or, qaod it is the same, it was one and the same count the tax powers, and years empire

IV. I said, let's have another canon, tnbtt' on the day of its receipt di, under the command of Antoninus, better, who sent him to Kalendis. reno there goes But just like others it usually happens in things, so as not to facie' so abolish any old institution, Dr. so that not even some of it is certain let the steps appear, so it is no wonder) if there are a few examples, I have established a new nonnunqaaffl system it was a return to the old said" above article II., in one eodeflqn^ the god of M. Aurelius Caesar of both races of the tribe power, both of the old and new, to be seen associated, qbod judi- if he does not fail, I will teach him clearly, the manner of the old canon having been established I do not agree that it was abolished. But and some of the gods later struck the old ones

o) Prologue ad nura.AIex c. 2. Vol. IV. p. 4l. b) B. L. Tora. 35 p. 639. c) L.Lni.Jl?- •) Of course, it's amazing how 5ecunAum cel, 'ti^tvicyviTf}v Tfiunberg in the island of Japan at the same age years

to be reckoned, so he went on to be born in the middle of Decerabris near Kal, lan. start the year

secundura* Not, edit*

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THE TAXATION POWER.

449

They openly respect the norm, qaos recitayi f apra in Caracalla, Alexander Sey., Gor« diano Nor, therefore, doubly cem at the same time counting tribune permit the manner in common as well, that often in Mazzoleno himself im- tested For rather this discord private monetary desires, which I think it should be attributed to the pubic authority, An illustrious example of the kind above In Macrinus I proposed * To these things are tain rare examples of this disagreement, such as let them not have in this judgment Tation. Yide, which belongs to another tia diserttti in rule lY* to this examination to fix

y.. Finally, to explain the tri- larger numbers than plu- he was able to seize the empire of the Augustus he said, "the opinion of Panvinius is not at all valid." and it is necessary to look at another of course more convenient, and the name Teternum the monuments of the magiscouspirantempre hao I think our riz can be found; Indeed we have seen how difficult it is states had to contend with those who but to find another doctrine or they were followed.

HaeCy that so far about the iteration

tribe of the power of dispntayi, they are the only things His most important role is teaching they return the foot not subject to any difficulty. When his in the August rising it is lost, so that I try, whenever I we will die Finally I find Constant tin tt. , who inscribed it on the coin. On the epigraph: TR. P. 37., et 32 , which both modes are carried from aCare in the aareis of Tbeodosius IL, my doubts exposed in this currency. But in marble its use some days after Con- He called the cistern, for they were found which still gives her the title of Lulia nor, Yalentiniani, to add Gratian. In- fioko aevo for the mention of the tribe power for some time it was inscribed on the Numia ralait YEAR. I. 11. IIL etc. Yide the gods thence from Lustinus I

When ez natnra trib. bad power than to this, so to the next consula- as well, it would be necessary to design it, a wonder of course, that marble had been found, in which Severus says: TRIB. POT III. DES. my COS. II. *)• EgOy who is not easy receiving prodigies into our art I think you wrote a bad epigraph roo, and restitnendihm reading: TRIB. POT IH IMP. III. COS. IL

by Spon Miscell. page 269.

Ll I

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450

CAPVT XI

€APVT XI.

JDe nominibu9 PJTBJS and MATAIS in August.

Patms noinen pvaeter sigmification* a proper condition already alien to us So Aomalara sab* the threshold was snatched away by the god god nhUm^ the king and father of the city of Homanae really jusserje of the universe «). But at this point parent of the founder of ntiqae aigniiicaYity in the same way and says l[aro>):

Dardanus Iliaca was the first father of the city Author Mt

Serious and complete blica, the so-called fathers of the country" qai salad nrbi to bring Free the first ones in the city Farias' Ga- bought this eldgia there miles nrbe oaseia Gallis «erFata, de by which Livias ^)z Dictator recovered from the country triumphs over the enemies of the city dit^ among the jocoe military^ quoi inconr they throw their fingers three, and the founder of the city was not in vain It is called praise. But there was one who was denied Cicero was the first to learn from this Camillus after the extinct conspiracy of Catiline he said, adorned with praise. About him nias d) : Hello first of all, PARENT

The watered-down country was the first to go into yoga. tinge and nourish the laurel, and falcondiae^ Latiarumque literamm parm. With Flinius, the author of Appia Bos agreed mpx to be cited*

From Cicero I praise this to tmpert' to have been derided, ez aliqaorom the opinion of Appianus, whose tesH- I will give you a little advice below. The account of his prinipees <)ollali hane gave God e) but there is some judgment in all three of us it seems to be a cow, as it was once in the father's house his children, so far as he is concerned at all to this end. There is no tribute, but honor and grace, so that that warning &$$et^ ip$i$ indeed $ubfect$ like the ibers digiterent^ iub- and having thrown them as ip$o$ like parts they would respect Elegantly in his style neca^): Hoquodpareuti^ eSijamprincipi to do e$tj whom we called father of the country - - I have indeed welcomed the father of the country mus^ that he might know the power given to him psr triam^ qutiee$ttemperatis$ima^liberi$csiir 'sulen$^ $each po$t itlo$ put$ Tertsl- lianus intectua on those who impractotci

a) Liv. 1. 16, b) A€n. VIII. 13*. c) L. V. c. 49.

e) L. LIIL § 18. f) of Clemenlla L. L c. l\.

d) «. N, L. VII. 4. 3

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OF FATHER AND MOTHER

451

domioo» to say, ^jfui father of the country e$ij joke *)., how is the master? But to him Graiius name. tisj eiiam the magispaires of the family . they are called lords..

Caesar was the first emperor

a dictator whom the people loved

He offered this bile, then,

although it is late, in August qooqoe* lo oiroqoe

The chaotic senates baboit Teras, jastasqoe,

qoas not receqoa) qoia iiA tttriosqoe

abode recommended currency. Post

%os lost the candOremi qoia pleromqoe

from flattery, or obedience to dictates

and often before brought to the prince, Qoam

he could have been affected by his father's people

to give an experiment. Qoare a yero

Ibnge errat the speech of Appanus sie de ho-

jos titilo oso disserentis ^) : xas ^onsi r/-

nsQts^Sstf if rm vvf dvrox^TO^m rvg ^«i-

fOfiSTfyf a^ing. ids tya^ rotd^s^ nams^ icft

Paa^thsv&tr, s\>Svg aa^ a^X^q afiM ratg «X-

'katg hrmvfitatgj oKha o^tm X^^^ f^^htg^

^Jtf , odg ivrshfjg skt fjurytg-otg Svi fJLa^^ta^

^v}

having begun in Ciorone, he had now passed over to them

emperor who is considered worthy of it i

for he did not even have a r^giam

power^ immediately from the entanglement with others

with acquaintances y but hardly too late indeed^ and

even of the absolute power of Hnion

it is decided Begs to be torn from Appianus,

Tibe was worthy of that honor

cios, eoiillom sepios apopolo obiatomt

But what do we say in that name?

or then Caligula, Nero, Domitia

we and whether these

he will do it! He said, tx scko qoidem ilom

usually the tenth Do not deny, this title

lom had been for some time from the senate

I dilate; There is no other reason, it is the heart

io the gods of Galba, Othon, and Vitellius

not a legate, except because these few tan-

tnm the princes of the month were * But in

the remainder was left by Fog

la ejua extended tempos I already know him

Caligula com tribonato mentions L,

and yet he refers to Dio, this prince

sometimes recall the name of the fatherland"

sasse from which it is clear, whom he is to kill

it will be del^tos* The example is quite similar

They offered the name in Nero. Hadrian

under whom, however, Appianus flourished.

that at least a little later the accession of the empire

had been given, the gods openly teach

Of course, some longer delay, and

especially such, which brought Ap-

pianus, hence Caligula in no Au-

you can find the taste, and Terum is so good

What I have said above is excellent

It is said that the name of Augjosti had not been exceeded

the subject of obedience, and of serTitie. Owing to

serTO, bearing this title siTC, si-

and accepting it is not well written

couTenire with certain records. nar-

rat Suetonius c) , Vespasian

unless he received it too late, and yet he did so here and there

the reader is enshrined in his gods II.

preferentibua, which is the first of the empire

in the year of initiation Which by the writers of di^

Let them teach the gods of Hadrian, in this

we said money" says De. Pertinace

Capitolnos: first of all on that day when

He was called Augustus, his father

received the name of the third and of Did. Julian

"5 Apology c. 3 i. b) Bdl. citizen L. 11. c. 7. c) in Vesp. c. is

LI la.

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452

CAPVT XX OF THE FATHER BT THE MOTHER

Spartan: also the name of Pafris pa4ria He received it, and yet I did not know it they prefer, even though they are consular, imperial until the times of the declining empire in it the coining of the coin was assisted two8

From the hitherto ezpo^itis we feared, am the emperors in receiving this no- I believe that they followed the law. About details to say a few things, Domitianus, Nerra, Macrinus, Elagabalus, Alexander, Haximinus,

• Gordianus I», Balbinus, Pupienos, Gordian III, Philip both, and equal For a while, Cali- '

^ Gula, Claudius, Nero, Titus, Traja nus, Antoninus Pius, Severus. But M. Aurelius reigned until that year about 15 to avoid Toluii; whence sam we hold, why L. Yerus constantly He has lost the title of the father of the country, of course because he was dead earlier than that Au Relius himself began to cry. Therefore my then, Anrelius, who for so many years a rum so gloriously made by its excellent name he sought to earn, that to his son Commo- I am barely Xyt years old. to a child Augustus allowed the title to be carried. Dear ^ Calla and Geta were denied by his father was; the womb immediately extinguished which he accepted. Tiberius followed his own little ambitious though 8ae he persistently refused the pious offer. These things take care of everything in each piece we verified I produced a series of tan- and even to Philippi, because afterwards to the emperors with the title of Augustus he was also another seer of his father's country a decree, which, indeed, has already been made

evidently it cannot be proved, because most of the illustrious emperors coins either rarely come out, or completely I began to cry. However, this knowledge is still read in certain Theo- dose 2 god

Like the men of Augustus, the fathers of the country they were appealed to, and so also the women of Auguite sometimes the mother of the country in heaven. The first example was given by Livia Au^ a good wife, who is in heaven, but It is said several times that you are only a foreigner AWAY MOTHER COUNTRY, what? in this it is by no means very surprising, since to be dedicated to the gods of Rompla Baetica GE- NETTRIX ORBIS * See these omni- um caasas in his money. After this The lady of Severus, the mother of the country, in the world is called *

In addition to the surname of the father's country the old father TVS, which we cut off, said Commodus, who was followed by Balbihus and Pupienos. But Dx)mna has ventured to be in the gods of MA* He will report that SEN/it

Gods inscribed PATER CASTRO RVM, or EXERCITVVM to be obyioi said Spanhemius *), but whence I went he sighed, he did not add. These, of course, are men none has so far been seen, or from cnjui- having known the pious information. What to write Augustus ignored the coins, trying to runt Augiistad, to whom the first Faaitioa M. Aurelius presented himself with displayed naims his with the epigraph MATBI. CASTBO RVM, which was then imitated by Domflti other Besides these, it is known by the name Alexandrini Augustamm ejut aevi ip"

a) Tom. II. page 45 i.

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CAPVT XIL DE NOMINIB. PIVUS, HAPPY to him.

453

written: fivfrifi^ rfctronsSioPf maier caitro" rum

Some princes died which was added to his father's TOcabnlum. Thus: BIVVS. AVGVSTV8. FATHER - DIVVS TI5IAIANVS. Farth. PATEH. — DIVVS. PERT. PIVS FATHER, de cnjus Cansa nominid Tide their names

as well as that which is abundantly attributed to Spain I'm sorry *).

The admirable Nteri Lulia, Mrs just Caracalla and Geta, tnm and ca- •tra, as I continue Tidimns, in the fetes snis numbered, but the senate and the patri- am, proud in the inscription of God: MAT. AVGG* MAT. Sen. M. PATIL

c A p V T xn.

I have mentioned PIFS and FEldX, as well as from the conquered people.

It was said by the Bomans that everything was right office, of the gods, of the parents, of the blood united, friends, country, prince, cm- they must be promptly and religiously im- he agreed. Read all the reasons for piety expHcates at Spanhemiom ^)* Pro Taria, by this signification of piety, already Ro- He had a free mother, who was known as Pti ^uere, and to stop within the soles of the gods mus, they offer it to Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius, L. Anthony surnamed Pietatemi Sec. Pompey Pius ab OctaTiatio de** the battle, whose canes are in their hands we gave

As once the princes, so now also the princes Pibus the same name given to the predecessor a long time ago the Greeks, some of whom kings of the same name, namely £u

of Cappadocia, and Antiochus X. of Syria the kings of the empire, leaving Cali- gluttony, which thus Tocari Toluit (c), the first was Antoninus, whose name was given to Pius and, indeed, with abundant credit, as you said in this Pius then, but ex a cause to be laughed at, said Commodus. See his gods to V* C. 936. Severus took it to be his own. .Following August rarely only Pius no- men to undertake, but usually addi- another matter for Felicie men of the lowest Byzantiorun acTO isolated nm it^rum reruns in the forest of LeontsVI.i Constantine X. etc. in which they say no EVERSEBES Nonnuilis Augustus, who they did not use that Tivi, it was given later excess Thus in the world of Faustina junio laugh: DIVA FAVSTINA PIA. M. Au- I wrote: DIWS. M. ANTONINVS. PIVS

a) Tom. II. page

b) Tom. II. page 434. c) Suct. in Calig. c. 22.

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454

GAPVT Xll.

Perlinaci: DITVS. PERT- PIV8. PA- THREE Pie cognom^n tribute in nu- MiB Eliam was a colony of Pboene in Sidon.

you will*

Felici" is also an imperial surname He decided to bring it, but a little praise the fortunes of the lactarebos were beyond their control our position, and due to one case. However, this good is accidental, and He preached in himself a clear plan SuUa dictator, as in hnjus numis we set, and happiness with Pompey H. is always associated with wonderful praises Cicero emphasized ")• Frimus instituted to use it Convenient, because it was objected to by the soldiers inetus, who presides over Perenne They demanded a deed to death, SalTus He would have kept silent. See his gods for the year 5» C. 938. The example was proved •ucceasoribns, but yes, nt title PeKx almost always combined with the title Pius rent, and Piut would go before and follow Felix * First after Commodus

that

but more rarely, Caracalla used

and then Elagabalns, deni«> that most of the workers at the very infe the time of the Roman Empire, and so much luit conjunct as istnd noun, nt likewise atqne Angst's name command* the tornm would have its own, and here and there from it was assumed by them in the way of government, or the senate would decide, as already under the command of Macrinus and Elaga Balo, I have taught in the other world Let there never be anyone who only Caesar fnisset, we read permission, demptoCa- rino, oujus some gods are produced in- written: M. AVR. GABINVS. P.F. NOB

CA^S. But it also advises. When combined with the simple name of Caesar and that he had the first name of the emperor as said in this chapter,

The names of Pius Felicis also with females Augustus to be communicated.. Such in Inlia Lady is the first prey of the gods, you know although: iyLlA.PIA.FELIX.AYG She- that he had also taken Seyrina to the Aurelians, said Bimardus ^) but where does it exist the mouse does not add. But obria snnt in no- thence to the kings of England, Honorius. Fat So he was flattered when he said, that she was the only Lady to them, who so much so that he corrected Bimardns. against said Bandurius by mistake, the first fbii- himself Eudoxia, the wife of Theodosius II, qsae would have clothed himself with the names of Pious Felicis ^), The lady left so much, except that I thought that she had lost her temper he only looked at the content of the plot.

Felicis is the surname of the proposed qooqa lu^ to receive them, and especially the colonies which are enumerated in the treatise on color* to them.").

•■■

A defeated-popnli trafaere names t^ tns fttit Bomae institntnm. known as teffl pore Bomae still free Asisticif Africans, Cretans, Numidians, Balearians so Under Angnus, Drusus was the brother of Tiberius from the domesticated Germans Germanicus himself He bought a man, from whom he inherited by right tarip passed on to the Germanic sons and Claudius, from this adoption into Nero* nis read, the manner of the republic having arranged He was then brought up by to the same Angnstis henoriiica haee eognomii^

a) for Icge Manil. b) to Lobert. T. I. page 282. c) Toro. I. pag. 2M d) Tow. H. page 663 and 666. e) Vol. IV. pg. 47"*

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ON NAMES PIVS, AND HAPPY, etc.

45S

na^ iif^e aoo flaetv, Aye ftuspioiis «uis the bells geasere* Dorayit this custom in ipiaai I brought down the government, driven by my age, too, ^ aod in the eublapsis become coBsaeTit, Tanitate, -oa- I gave you an example of the game's currency. niaDi I. rom a se Tictorunv extensive catalog. Ce- love the pain list* taTit Constantinns M. com liliis, qai se- the victors in general He would laugh at the ridiculous hiatus of all geniuses they did not dare to call We are here for our instituted those names Golligemas, which are seen in the names But what is the number of large numbers? ^cet consulted with marbles, and every co- 4 ice, monuments and others

Adjabenicus ^ SeTcras.

Arabicu9

Armenian ^ M. Aur^Hus and L. Yeros.

Britannicus^ perhaps Claudius. Today's British son like the name for the first, Commodus and Scteras, 'Caracalla, Geta

Carpicu9^ Philippi I. and II.

Dacian, Trajan, and Hadrian. Bi* ximus in his place *.), Domitian also it was said that it was Dacicnm, but these I have only gathered from the testimony of the poets, no other public records. But fnere Tiri outstanding, quibns certain Tisom, not the name of Bomitiano Dacici not only was there a decree, but also his inscribed on the coin, nasal coOTi*):

iiee itludy

The first word is given to him be blessed

Uacicuaji to him jSCBJPTO radiates Gcrmar AFRICA

Dabiom is not, act as a poet in this place* and of the golden heart of the bridegroom the first night of Toloptate given in the mountains. But the erudite Tirius teach wrongly, Tcr- By writing gold twice, the gods of gold are to be understood Let them tame, let those of the Dacians and Ger- manis of the Dacians, «t Germani- He called himself Lutenalis with both of these titles he speaks to you, without a doubt he does not understand the most obious of his age, and I take away those I know, but at the same time it is certainly surprising will bear, if Bomitian coin this Tcr- let them look at the shoe of this Augustus a coin with the name of Dacici inscribed on it to us peFrenisse Give these pointers from the poet Trajano, the German with the Dacians in all their days he confesses, all difficulty is removed Gultas lam Toro learned from Tiris a long time ago it is obserTated, luTcnal for the most part that he wrote to the emperor Trajan. Yide Fa- l>ricium

{jiermanicus^ Drosus the elder, and his a Germanic son like his own name, You Clamdins, Nero, Yitellins, Domi- tianus, NerTay Trajanus, Hadrianiia, M. Aureios, Commodos, Caracalla, Ma- Ximinnus, the son of Maximus Caesar, Phi- Lippus I. et al., Yalerianus, Gallienuat and perhaps Claudius Goth.

Qot/iicuSj 'Clanditts.

The physician M. Anrelius and L* Vecaa.

PartAicuSi Trajans, Hadrianus, M* Aupelius, L. Yeras, Se?eras, Cara- Calla, Carns. Of Q. Labienus

a) Vol. 6. page 398. b) Sat. 6. t. X02.

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456

CAPVT xm.

tore Partfaico acta elsewhere *)• Dear Peaches.

clu9r

Sarmaficutj M. AQreliiu, Commo«

CAPVT xm.

- DB NFMIS C 0 N S E C B A T I 0 N V M.

The article here con^net disse- to render material, com frequent yete aevo, homioes, illufttre from qua- and for this reason they will get a name, conse- craild usns A great eornm, which hither belong, part, especially of the Greek the superstition of the people in this case tingnnt, we have already given in the treatise on Heroes, Founders, etc. who is in Yoluminus IV. page 342 » Don't say* ram in this place in the origin of this sacred ritual gin, the carimontas of various nations tnm to be used in other parts, which ez writers of theology yeterb can be requested I will only touch the Romans illustrated by Greek examples, and who from the time of Caesarea, Tulgata flattery, as well as ambition to eztnlere the human condition, cnjus infinite proofs of this class of currency supplies Lnbet uniTersara debate tion to tear the DNA into parts, qu^mm I. act of consecration riTOramy U. of the gathering of the dead.

Of the eompcration of the living

The history of Tetas betrayed Holtos, qii imt diginos honors spontaneously appetiYere» or whom you command tox, persuading ple- rnmque siTC compliance, tive metn» ne the death of the qaidei)i necessary ezspectta He made an honorable contribution to the DiTinis. He had these things viyoram consecration steps up inQmam, the middle, the highest, with which he You will now consider the order.

In the lowest degree he did not stand aside, because this consecration was done by the mouth of God some first attack was carried out, as when whom for the sake of the benefits I will embrace it in the morning, for that reason the beautiful trees that tire men ezcedere fideptnr, ifnpensius admir- the wall j4mai enim Graecormn-leviias^ io* Quit Firmica Maternus ^) , them, gni to you ali^uid eontulerini^ or who conntio^ a^i they were scarcely willing to appeal to them

a) Vol. 5# pag. 145. b) dc error, prof. rcL p. ". 421

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THE CONSECRATION OF NYMIS

mbus Aristotle on the manner of the Spartans les ■),: htii S.8

I place the names in the middle of the grade, but Iributa, signs, to the gods indeed Tulgo for she was able to take advantage, but what she had to do was to rule for herself to add, ant addi passr snnt, eitra^ of the gods indeed, but to them is Tisus, eontumelia, but as some partictt? They were afraid to draw from the gods, The fathers would be denied. Dfiter names me to stay with the head of the yerb Numen an indication of your heavenly power, but what It is not just that the princes admit here and there pagans, but also later Christians. Note £ormula: devoiue demiune, mafesiaiique what

Iter ailtributa divine, which * from diijT The emperors were deceived, prince no tocnm demands ETERNITY. Aye-

457

should the Romans say that it lacks an end and it is opposed to the condilion of death, by which He was immune to whatever c/iTinum. But eternal^ also said, q^od nalura it is prepared in such a way that it can last for a long time be,^ for which cause the phoenix died eternally taiis sjmbolum, because its yita is not nis, but it was believed to be circumscribed pta, therefore said by Claudian aeier^ na bird «), and for the same reason The elephant also signifies eternity in the forest of Philippi. To be eternally different from instigated, like the fire of Vesta, which ezstin- I have a great stick, and in dire omens btthabitum For other reasons, such as: RO- M.A. ETERNAL in the gods of ob?ium, yel ETERNITY FopuiiHomani, as read tnr in singulai i numo Vespasiani V. C. 8a3 Aliaavoto, though useless, as AETERNK TAS Impehil in the god of Caracalla. Sin- To swallow is plainly ETERNALITY ia god of Alexander That's not the word just attributed to the dead Augustus, con-^ and secreted, but yivis also, nor in Let's just go. marbles, write seda" to the pigs also, among whom be sufficient not to mention Flinius the Ionian, who in his epistles not infrequently aeier Trajan He is driving a long time. Moreover, in man this appeal could be carried, qoiaple- and nothing else happened, except a long vow turn of the empire, at least so powerful Here I explain, jozta iJlud Horalii tle August «^):,

You will return to heaven for a long time Laeius, the people of Quirinus.

a) Here. to Eudes L. VL c. 1. d) Carra L. I. od: II. v. 45.

{Foh rm.)

b) to Quir. after ed. c. 5. c) Psalm 45 v. 63

M m m

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438

CAPVT xm.

Oaanqaam a great visnm in ptinclpe interoperantidc argumeiitam, 8i is to himself He himself gives eternity, like Constant tio 11. reproached Ammianus ■) , from which Atbanasius took this opportunity iiDperatorcm obliquely stringing, with He was asked to be called Constantius by some eternal, while in the meantime they themselves are the son of God they would deny that it is eternal ^).

Of the more illustrious ones, I will forever I have expressed my desire to express myself, and now I am in need in the land of Trajan by his consul V. signed, and in the gods of Setcri y. C. ,955. In the gods of Alexandria, Antoninus Pius, which ?ide, Eternitas is rendered in Greek AIAN.

I was also some kind of divinity Genius Augmti, frequenting the heavens, whether Caesar herself was understood by him the soul, that is, a god, or some of the god of the people, as he was to men added to him, he almost persuaded his youth persistence Yide these things unfolding in God the fateful fear at Flatoneqi c^, Seneca ^), and others. whatever it is nothing at all in the government of B. this ge- nothing more illustrious, nothing sanctimonious, nothing true Then the people were more to be feared. and Caligula brought it to death, qoi never forsake his Genius ^), nor should we judge otherwise you have a religious attitude, how impious written so bitterly the things of the Christians, among whom Tertullian with greater fear and warmth, he says in re imimititatie Caesare observaiiis, qfiam ipwm de, Olympus fovem^ -. But not

hacpos raiione/acitispotiiu with the representation of the power, Adeo eiin with this irreligious depreheih towards your gods Gods, who have more fear in the human domain "Dedicated" faster denitfue with you through all the gods, what kind of Genius Caesaritpe' jeratpr. In the same opinion Minscias Felix^ ^ : Thus they call their god^ ad images suppticantj genium^ idest^ dames^ they implore him, and it is safer for them through to praise the genius of a king Satisfied it is established, from the laws prescribed adfoscm to have been damned, by Genius they had grown worse, examples of which they will be learned, who in the cited TertuKam, and the Minucius yerba were com^nted, tiun and Seldenus 1>). From what is clear, qaaato Trajan felt more moderate about himself, de quo Pitnius ^) : Similar reverence^ Caessr^ not with your genius tias agi , but at the god you love 0» M.po' teres Why no wonder, Cliri- to swear by Caesar's genin you have rejected this kind of obedience, only to attribute evil to Genius, and because I will not harm him in the name of Genius light, and often salutary Greeks SuifjLom^ but evil iHim demon the human bodies of the besieger, and they were silent to understand what is to be demanded from the prayers, qilod ex ejusdem Tertulliani TCrbis tt- why does it appear ^). But at Bomanot which Selr also admits in the place indicated denns, not Genius only, i.ed and SalnSf Yitfi, Caesar's fortune, by which that he was obliged to swear, just as seriously in the Christian princes' majesty, Se-

a) L. XV. e. 1. b) inTract, on the synod of Aiim» c) in Co&viviop.m. 201. d) EplsU 100 e) Suelon in Cal. c. 27" f) Apology c. 28. g) in Oclav. c. 29 p. m. 258

h) in roavm. IL Oxon. p. m. 172. i) Paneg. c. 52. k) Apology c. 32.

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ON NVMI& GONSEGRATIONVM.

459

reniiaS) Perpetuity, and the family itself the principal to respect persons, and the world would have nothing to command the Romans a greater thing, and from his nod everything depended and the same opinion of divinity, and not varus from the principles of impetence, and Tanitat orders, from which it was made, as, what re as observed by Tertullian, more quickly by all the gods, than by one Genius He would be Caesar's pejeratom. after all to air the Genius of the prince, and to reterer, had not been known to Bomanornm inTen- then, we are taught by Athenaeus narrating *), Nicostratum ArgiTum qootiday at dinner The Genius of the Persian King having set the same table, with the understanding He had said that this should be done by Fersis, who was in the eula royal Tersantur*

Other more remote diTinitatTS arguments aunt in Tiris Augustus the crown radiated of the meaning of which I spoke to the name Nero with the epigraph AYGVSTVS. GERMANICVS, whom I gave in heaven You are covering Also the nymphs in the head of Augustus rum of both sexes, of which see tra* the age of the inferior gods IL I^em carpentum a 6inis mnlia Thracium^ dje where I did in the woods of Lytia.

The summit of consecration • TiYorom set the stage in part on the appeal Bibus diTinia, partly with honors, who constant to these solemn hides, arias, temples, sacrifices, all of which he himself To be carried away there, Tel a popuHs ia Obedience to the rushers was often decreed. His «xemp^om already Tctustissima Graecornm age in Mercury, when Ar-

but Erander was present: him, and so TiTum, because of the slaying of Cacom He received those honors, of which we have spoken in the name of Antoninus Pius emplas, for a more abundant supply tereo, sont Alexander M. soa sponto loppiier Ammon, again Alexander and later the return of Antigonus from Athens Mithridates VI* said by Bacchus of Asia, Tarii Aegj* pti, and the kings of Syria and the common Tocabulus said in the gods themselves 0a?/, of which Tcr* tigide Tide obserTata in each no- mis. And from those Persian kings his so-called gods, teaches Aescbylus ^)b But these things to foreign tsntom prince Pay off In the meantime I was easy for the Greeks Titus will be accustomed to these same honors to bring first to the Roman magistrates they were sent from the city, and then into the capitals the arbiters of the world* The republic is still intact proeonsolibos, propraetors, etc You are pulling the sums if TC because of those contributions 'Benefits, sire, were established in fear sacred mud and annual altars, temples ^ the names of her, already in Tariis elsewhere I warned, and in an excellent dissertation Abbot Mongaultius (c) explained the offerings Copious turpis hnjos serritii exenrplis. So much so that these honors are sometimes immoderate thrust into the princes, and each house. Iiivia Augustus, the wife of the god Graecl they call it 0EA. AIBIA, AIBIAN H- PAN, (Livia lunone) ^ugusti fiiiam LOTALAN. AcpPOAlTHN, (lulia Ve- neremj Drusus Tiberius F. , and Germani- cus^ the Greeks were NEOI. ©EOI. xI>IAA. AEA^l^OI, (I know tlel brothers themselves

a) L. VL p. m. 252. b) io Pfirs. t. 157-

c) B. L. Tom. I. Mem pag. 353 M m m 3

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46 o

CAPVT XIII

QmantcsJ. Call these divine peace tioDuni exempUi qaas Greecoram genius thought, they can -1100 instead sttfficere* He who desires the pleasures of these come to the namoB of the pilgrim's commas, whom of the individuals of Aagustoraii muetaei and especially of Nero, we set him apart, and Spaohemius was abused in this regard di&seratem *). More sparingly, and with malt that d^m later these gods of the city He admitted the names of the princes of the sisters. For even though V. g. of Caligula,^ and Domitian let them be called by the name of God to have played, yet the goat will punish him with reproach R. majestas aver.sata^st Nero ciiha- A thorn in foreign lands is called Apollo lo, however, this name of ApoUinus is absent in those very Bomans, this emperor proposed to the harpist It is said Commodus was the first who im* his pudentiai in the currency of the city pubU« when he thought of the Roman Hercules tirentr, and such a lion's head from* the roof of the house Nor minoa^ marked by the boldness of Aorelian, who himself God, our Lord in Heaven he wrote, whose example I then followed is dear

>He would make a deal, which god pro- you are tired, you are tired of him by deceptions, by sacrifices, and by all superstitions to be held by the eluvie of Of this fury the same was the beginning of the empire. Ser- (i.e. to Yirgilii's relatives)

0 Meliboee, God has granted us these things For the gods are always my gods

tiu9 plow

He often comes to us from the folds of imSuei ,a^nu9.

he noted: "Augute, try, live, buy" ruitf citatqoe -eontinoo yerba Horace <^):

We are giving you the honor of maturaf before you, Swearing $fue tmm by name ponimm

the altar

Cai of unknown name inscribed l\OMae El\ I attacked Aygutte through the provinces sealed with the type of the altar, yel of the temple, and also the altar Augustus sacred in the name Tarracbnia, see LVCY* AYCYSTI tjpo the altar between the prayers lauros in namo luba II. Nomidia ra- gis? But obseryandum, Augustus yivo nanqoam aram templomye in the world itself had been dedicated, even to Caesar to the dictator, even though this populace he would speak to the people of Qoasi diinis, qoo de I made a lot of arguments in the names of Aogo* 6ti consecrati, tnm in nomi».cam epf- the graph of Rome and Augustus. But not so usually some of the successors. He tells the Soetonians <^) that Caligala himself pmm praised, and himself in the house of Castor and Pollius cis between these mediums to have exhibited He adds: even the deity's own priest He offered him the most wonderful sacrifices. h Iemph stood a golden statue when, in amiable clothing, he himself used return» the Magisterium of the priesthood fuisgue entambitione^ and iicitatiome maxi' ma times eomparabani^ HosHae erasU phoenixes ^ peacocks ^ jetraons.^ Nsmi'

a) Tom. l. page 43^, and Tom. II. page 489 d) in Calig. c. 12.

b) Eclogues I. c) L. II. Epist. I. y. IS*

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CONSECRATION OF J>iyMIS VJVL

4O1

dicae, Meka^idesy pHaiianae^ which ge- They were to be sacrificed during the sinful days. Of Domitian, both he and the master fled MettM yoluit to be called •), this tells ora« rtor Plinis ^): Aate indeed huge ho* siiarum gregee through CapitoUnum iter ma^ gna. to divert him as if he had been intercepted they are forced by the way, with the cruelest lords A very sad effigy with so much blood of the victims would be worshiped as much as Aumani himself deep inside But neither is this arguments of support, if .()ommodum Herenlem and the gods Aureliacum and Ca rom demas, inqui jsaTere, hand doubt Jbtts would seem disgraceful to the honors of hu- mana condition greater, and siye them appetites, sire' decetos through the empire B. projections to be carried around And this is about .TivommH^onsecratione into this place yi- should be contributed, oujus copious ^x- .. other places throughout the world this <^pus spread among which you will find an excellent place obtain the honors of yere -diYini, ^ui a se- natu Ittlio Caesari adhnc yiyo turpi in obey a powerful man you were those whom I told in their place in the nu- mis JHvi Ju/ii Yol« Y I. pag. 1 1

§♦ H-

at the consecration of the dead.

Thasius Agesilaus in the number of the gods rum retttlere lliranti huicy querenli- that, ^could men be converted into gods to grind, they answered, that they could not to to show how great the power of Olympus was

they would have been born in a rscfito unless they were more sleepy the age, and the example of other peoples They protected the pious Darius the father of Xerxes the Egyptians still call Yiyum a god nnllo earlier in the example of kings that he had taken it away, Diodorus Siculus gave it ^). Some Greek examples in the preceding mention the teeth So much so less istnd in consecrated after roortem The princes of Bomanor were surprised, how much these are the kings known to all the world with the power and majesty of the age to overcome

Much later this aTrod^axr^a)^ insa- jiia defiled the Bomans* For if Bomu- take down the Quirinus lum, but to whom it is seasoned ris condition for I straTit immorality, not U. Brutus, not Camillus, not Scipios even though of j)atria of remarkable merit, heavenly ones He earned for himself the honors of that mortal The law is only valid with the monarchy / began, and Caesar became the first dictator, In whom ^iyi and name, -and honors Just the people were brought together, The wonders of the Hellenic world and the ornaments of the departed mind, no "To smite the very ingesting superstition, yes." So that they could easily persuade themselves, the soul in ^ o human beings have settled down to a greater extent. Yulgato For example, in consecrating Augnstus, it is easy .then all agreed^ ^what not 4nodo a long reign under him, but «etT moderation, ^t moderation then they experienced £t iero if in this the rite of consecration would always have been spectacular sincere, and not disguised merits in the Ans the memory of the true Jews,

a) Suet chapter 13 Chapter L. I. 95.

h) Paneg. chap. 52«-c) Plutarch. Apophtus, Lacon. d) Bible

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462

CHAPTER XI

he could at least pre- to stand in the interest of the people 8ont, at least in the hope of this Tanitat how to encourage him to do it, because he the author of the book on Consolation which some Cicero most Ca- rolo Sigpnio tribuunty under end ele* Ganter explained. God is mortal Quit Plinius the elder, to help a mortal and this is the way to eternal glory. Hac The nobles of the Romans went to this heavenly place the greatest man goes in step with his children" nis aevi rector Vespasianus Augustus fbs- you are coming to terms with things. Ilfc is the oldest to report the mouse to those who deserve grace mosy vt tates ascribe to the gods. You- took the rum following the corrupt acts of the seeing this honor the judges. lam Pli- nius SccunduSy even more from the speaker with disgust, as from the truth, you complain Tiberius Augustus said to heaven, but nt would introduce the crime of majesty to Claudius Neroj, however, to make fun of Fespasian Ti^ tus^ Domitianus Titumy but itte^ as a god it would be seen as a brother to him. How he would have spurned Fausluia manner, Caracalla in the same manner Had he seen the Iliads in heaven? Pausaoia later Qoam had told ^) , once ex. club reasons men received into heaven, of course Aristaeus, Britomarten, Hercules, Amphiaraum, Dioscuri, he says, his age, with which frans and audacity in to take the place of the right things, no los men already in deorom nomerom be received, except perhaps by the mouth of a man, and by uncontrollable adulation. But per- let us send this criticism to Julian Augustus

ate, this great sister you are salt in Caesarea, jasteqat scornful, qoin and Pliny the elder, caiti- ganti soorom stoporem Manes eolemto^ and by making God, I am now also called to love will cease to exist^). Beniqoe LuTenali, ihh guests because of this very apotheosis the rebates of the divores of the appellant.

Consecration of Emperor Tita* the king did not cease to rise <;es8or sire of piety, gratiqoe spirit caih sa , siTC amhitionia, ant others cajus- devoutly hoped for reward. To do so piety, grateful spirit, ot Yeipaiii- nom Titus, NerTam Trajanus, himc Hadrianus, this Antoninus, L. YerBm M. Aorelios, my father tremTe, im Oljmpom tradocerent, Idem in alKs chaos other, nt said, past* grind, t. c. that he would have God as his father aot consangineom, rel at sospicieneD In what way would he wait for a premature death? Titus consecrates Domitianus. Which the chaos of the consecrated Coidus was unusual" di, id^ com Sis^phis Tantalisqoe coo* to earn the government, in these omdis we said Such chaos ai abfaeniBt, and in addition, if the public GraTit, ot Tiberius, Caligula, Domitis we, priTatam among the ghosts of the poor bodie-^ they live there. To others, such as Caracalla, &• TOr miiitom profoit, from what next. Often Augustus, with whom I do not agree after the transgression, but the serious diTinitaris Nor came So Lytia consecrated d^ mom by Claudius, Commodus by SererOt Lady from Elagabalus. The Tide was thrown in "Ingulomm coin But qood singalare

a) No. II. L. 11. pag. 72. b) in Paneg. chap. ii. c) L. CPUL a Z. d) H. S

L. VII. §• 55. c) Ps. VL 115*

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THE CONSECRATION OF UYJMS

463

e«t, he made the piety of some gustoruin^ utparents evi private, and dead before they came to rule they would be ejected, they would pour into the sky* 6ie Vespatian's mother Domitilla, Traja let him consecrate his father Trajanus Bumiaque was given an honor they read, and not with so much honor Spasian's mother, moreover, Augustus he pelted

£x number of persons with the Roman rite* We collect the following secrets:

Lolius Caesar

*

Lulia Augustus

Claudius*

-Nero's Poppaea

Claudia Nero's daughter

Vespasian

Domitilla Vesparia

Titus

Julia was the son of Titus.

Caesar anonymous daughter of Domitian*

Nerve

Trajan openly

Trajan Aug.

Trajan's Plotinus

Haroiana Trsjani's sister

Uatidia, Trajan's niece.

Hadrian

Sabina Hadrian

Antoninus Pius

Faustina Antoninus Pius

M. Aurelius

Faustina M* Aurelius

L. Verus"

Convenient.

I persisted.

Severus

Iq]. Lady Severus

Caracalla*

Lul. Measa

Alexader Ser*

Paulina Maximini L

Marixius

Mariniana Valeriani

Gallienus, incerlttm who.

Saloninus

Yictorinus*

Maybe it's gloomy.

Claudius the Gothic

Dear*

Counting*

Nigrinianus

Maximianus 'Hercules*

Constantius Chlorus*

Gal. Maximian

Roroulus son of Maxentius*

Constantine M.

The number may be increased from the testimonies of the ancients to others, and especially of Eutropius in conferring the honor of consecration by how generous

Rituals and oaremonies on princes do not describe the habit of eonsecration at* * holds, because from the yeters themselves in them they can be asked for very efficient rands These things are described by Dio in . conse* by the creation of Augustus •), then Pertinacia procuring Severus ^), to whom add Here the son of Severus narrating at such length ^). Some things also tjpi, who consecrate the gods they distinguish, and of which a little below, they will teach

The consecration of the princes of the senate the decision was allowed, and from this I see the usual, and writers to teach, and

a) h. LYt §• ^. €t 42. b) L. LXXIY. § 8. c) L. IV. under the

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464

CAPYT xni.

Teteriftm roonQmenta« Ail TevlYrilianas >>: The child was born, lest the god command from He would not be consecrated unless approved by the senate which Orosius repeats ^). Check it out Frudentia itself:

True rats, whatever be done by the author

to the senate, *

Contributed to the images of faith

that he thought

Aetherisy borrifico qni staht ex ordine-

vtdtUm

And a little more about Augustus ^) :

They testify to the title

born

Caesareum lovig to ^ecium decrees

temple

Bixlmas in the name of Diyi Hadrian, A few years ago he resisted Antoninus Pius petitioner* ot conaecrationia. honor he would decide on the rent. Idemsnatu ilagitasso HL Aliirelia for his Faustia, in this you said Claa- two, and the gold and silver of Yespasian that with the consecration of tfpis, in qnibos tcriptam read EX. S. C, and more fully in the numo of Marciana: £10 SENATE CONSULT Cpi qoidem ^ori iTihil patamiu derogalom ^lH>|^terea ^ that nonnanqaam nnpemrtorea^ «oi iiiililea consecrationin pcr force extorted from aeiMia air 9 goo modo^ teate fCapttcilino to sci- Aatum wrote Hacrinaa «): Antem^ auiem •(Caraoailae) diemee Aaneres^tmi' tes decided, to him we deorevwms^ and voMPi

C. utikcernatisy cumepossimus imperatorh rightly preeminent, yet we love, etc. but the senate of Terbis con- firmer We said in Caracas's mouth from the testimony of Dion and Spartia with which the soldiers sent the senate to conse- They brought a huge monster. Go^ dianiun HL from the soldiers nolio ioterce- The senate agreed between the two parties related, I gather from Chapter One, and Eutropium

To have a certain arrangement of gods his inscriptions 9 and tj^tos. I understand but by this name we deify them so much, This is the cause of the consecration Yulgos are supposed to be promulgated, cooti^ and then in ayeria' tjpos, who do not except the sacred rite, aDimamqoe^ eoelo reopepta enunciate. For they are aumi not panci, in front of the qttorum inipe DIVYM indeed applies to the rator, but aYorsa nothing to the consecration perti^ He brought the children. Of this kind is v. g. on- Mr. Augasti's mouse, on the next page the sign is read. Received, and there in ayersa numbers of D. Yespasiani^ GE- THINGS AUGUST. ^ VICTORY AV- GVSTL, to which add the names of Doiniti)* lae , FaustinanNti etc.., qocs utiqoe no- order to restore my memory ram, parents, marriage after eoanun He commanded the excess. Therefore, two behavior, qaos properly conseorationii ap^ skin, first insertion, then let us pierce

The emperor of the first era a cratio more typical than Terborom fo^ the mule was indicated.' verbaqi COl^SE'

a) Apology chap. V. under joy. b) L. VII d) ▼. 249. e) in Biacrino chap. 4S. 0 already

chap. 4. c) try Syjnmach. L. I. ▼• 223* Gord. chapter 3

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ON THE CONSECRATION OF THE 90th

465

CRATIO, what ntimts Alexandrian Dear yerlit AiePHClC, later on he took, not before the Plattinani, Marciana, I find Matias inserted in the ntionetae. He gave the same name to the Mediobarbans. Now, Domitillae, Domitiani, touch this bulo marked, but these orange hands doubtless they were cast. Which I will add besides Augustus, Yespaiani, Titus, Nerva, Trajan, Gennini indeed lies, but no to those whose heads stand synchronously Of course, the Trebonians are aero, or second others Gallieni, signed, of whom below I'll mention it hereafter Cabbage nothing more often » MEMOIVIAE Tpcabulum jdm recites Mediobarbut ex no mention of Hadrian, and by the way, no men* tion tjpi, whence his suspicious faith The first are the names of D. Cliaudius Golhici, qni illQd usurpto scrtpto: M£MORIA£. ETERNAL, which forms hereafter obia» He did not run away from me, it was already a long time ago you are written in the names: MEMOBIAE. AGRIPPINA, and MEMOMA. at home TILLAE, presumably of Agrippina the elder, and Domitilla Vespastan's daughter; at that time it stands, that there was no Tocabulum MEMORY certain mark of consecration, but tan- then 'the most ignorant affect the dead. Of course, neither Agrippina nor Banc I know the ascribed home of heaven mouse yido, which speaks in the heavens Dominion To this belongs the insi^e mart> died late Gabiis rqpertum., and cujna already in the gods of Domitia Ang. from me cta mention, which begins: IN. honor WELL, MEMORIES. DOMVS at home TIAE. AVGVSTAE et. But what do you do?

the ox of Mitian was not consecrated than it was And in this pious Tcnera- in the sense of Tcrbum MEMORIA also a It was accepted by the Christians, the reason suggested gerente Di Augnslino •) : Not because of the law foel memories or monntnenta are called ca^ which are discovered in the graves of the dead except because they are seen by death in the eyes of the living they were withdrawn from oblivion even from the hearts they recall ^ to memory, and reminding them to think. What is the reason? fult, it has often been the same for others memory, and the grave. See marble ra Gmteri ^). Not uncommon among the saints fathers it is read: Memoria miarlymm ^ qui- they are understood or celebrated in their honor constiiuta, Tel erected a monument, The box in which they contain their slips tnr. See here related to Agrippa the elder pine. It means healthy tion has the formula: REQVIES. OP TIMORVM-MERITORVM, which pri- mum met in nummis D. Clandii Gothi- ci, and through several subsequent Caesars con- be prevented Singulars is the epigraph in nu- mo Faustinae junioi is : SIDERIB VS. RE- CAPTA, in the numo of M. Aurelius: AVG. PA- BENTL SVO

Also called GOD, GOD, 0EOT We will conveniently call them here. what It is asked whether there is anything between God and What is the difference? It will be, if Serius hears let us note these things <^): DiTum et deo- mm indrffhrenter plerunigue posits the poet if there be discretion, "/ d e o s perpetual let's say that they were made from Aominibus, gua* if the guis have passed away on a day, whence will they also be told Imperdtoi^ek vochahms* The same elsewhere iidesme

a) care for death

(Vol. 11)

b) in the index page 90 under Memoria" c) to Aen. L. V* 45.

No

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46(5

CaPVT XIIL

he almost repels with words •). And it has become clear

isttt^ Seryio perpetttps of the city ipsias usuSi

on whose coin Augustus was consecrated

What gods do they always call gods?

I have no knowledge of what I know, Gallieni

god, whose ayersa reads BTSO*

AYGySTO 9 though the municipal currency in

conferring on Augustus also the Tiwis of the god no

I did not prove his frugality

rites, but we do not listen to whose laws" Eti-

I am God, when I give to the consecrated Augustus,

and she speaks in consecration,

rumque i^ffioug^ b^nc ri^ag ^^txug ap-

pelUt, and it is established, not the clowns yet

that the inter-rdeos, the demi-gods, and the beroes had differed.

However, each one of them is the best among them

I don't think it's a name

God and God must be understood as something different.

as well as his ipsp serving the cohtraries there

opposes the authorities, with the same place

adds: But Varro, and Aifejw contrg, %enr

Uunt, failing the gods perpetually,

they are feared because of their con9ecr(ition).

Mt 9unt dii MancB. If the writers Teteres

'consulamns, promiscuously ptrum^.e from them

I will use the video. I will clearly enumerate it

Flinius and others consecrated these

He calls the "peratores" the gods

The Yespasians are about to die: I think that I am about to die

Vitto Xi^tinomm's endless texts

other stimulus., both Tocabulo (Tv/»-

yu/bco); nsoi^ai. * Added, of these DIYYS

the Greeks had always been

STim, which is the cerlum of the Latins deu.

8ic with bi to say in the sky: DIYY3*

AYGYSXYS -^ DIVO CARO/ iUi;

0EO2. ^EB A5T02; ^ ©EQ. KAPA»

In the threat of the guideip Grac^coriini did not pa|i-

els for ©E02 read ©EI02, qoo4 means divine and some can DIYYS Tideatnr have an affinity, but we know all these gods from Goltzius if they had agreed Finally, to be warned to say the Spartan, there were many other things decreed by Hadrian, ai the deities would belong returned, without any credit to the Spartans Consecrated emperors for the perfect to have been held by the gods. Yemm is witnessed by Csp saubonus, rocabulnm quaai io codioe the region to be missed, and Tider's adjunct a I pray to some hai^c impiety impatientsr bearing» £eterum inferior acTO mnlton to have been stripped of the meaning of DIYYS, ot this understood a higher aliqaam in the beginning of the ghosts running back* I am of the opinion of the virginity, hence pv so that the princes themselves suffered Christias aunts, their elders, even in the faith of Christ the dead, to be called Jivos and Ipai in fact writings to you H. Aurelius, L. YerQOij Called Caracalla etc. and especially that Constantine M. di^ It is said that he was rich in those very gods, whom the monogram of Christ was given it cannot have been commanded by Christians tos, on which subject ^ege copiosios the disputing abbot Macsolennum ^. What is already with Seneca Octatis? even though she was angry with her husband Keron hujna natural father fiomiiittm di* vum appeals to Hia Terbis ^) :

Vero, ipie divp Domitio patret gentue

Remembering Taiiia we write

a) to Aen. XII. 139 e) Aniffladr» UL p«S* 79*

b) in Paneg. c. 11. c) Suett C» JW»

0 ia OctaTia T. 249-

d) in Hadr. where

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ON THE CONSECRATION OF NYMIS,

.467

in different ways let them consecrate themselves to be invoked solitarily the luster

A part of the body rests on the head of the body, cni he does honors by decreeing, but Tariat capi- tis cnltnB. Inlins Caesar he has a star on his head as well as in these gods enough diximns, which that the soul of Caesar was received into hell Tulgns persuaded him. So here you go which belongs to this one, to his predecessors |ion transiTit Radiate head in An- gnslo is certainly a sign of consecration for before Nero there were many princes TiTUS is a radiated crown, of which Tide said in the gods of Nero's Tagus. In In those Dumis, in which Trebonian or one of the nearest and one of the superior princes He restored the insecration, of which in- fra, it is a radiated scmper head. Head they have a laureate consecrated Yospasianus, Titus, Nerta, Antoninus Fiu^, though et they admitted the radiated crown* Chapter It begins with NerTa, and here cnltus long thereafter dnraTit. Mr. Salo* The dinns were again radiated in most of them. D. Claudius the Gothicus He is already throwing rays, and besides, he is the first he is the one in whose arms the veiled head which he then offers also Con- • especially Chlorus, and Gal. Maximian even though neither nakedness nor washing denies the charge. Yelatum is also the capital D. CoDstantini M. , and often one laureate then* Yelum was held sacred by Tulgo cre- rich, Tclati ponlifices, with sacred help they ratiunt, Tclati augures, Yestalcs, cum

Tclo Qtiam often ah artificibns propo- aitafi of the soul, t* c« cnm from Mercury tra* are led The heads of the Dirariim of Augustus no one often learns a special worship as Domitilla, daughter of Lulia Titus, Floti nae, Marciana, Matidia, Sabina. But Sabina, and not infrequently Faustina In his ordinary head worship to inject Yelo was then also used Maesa, and Mariniana» D. Lulia Augustus the wife of Ceres has a head of spikes ronatum

Fars aTcrsa Have various tjpos, ex with whom I omit them, who with the consequence they do not connect for Italians others were not infrequently added to this one, above money

Eagle met in the forest diTornm Au* guslorum, and Augustamm* Yide ilumoa Flotina, Marciana, Matidia, Ha- Drian, Sabina, M. Aurelius etc* Can* It is adtocati of this wing, that in after the consecration ceremony go from the sum of its framework to be sent here<^ He took his soul to heaven side •). This eagle in the restored Tre- Bonian ACTO consecrations is preferable type

The eagle took the soul of Augustus and Augustus rising up in the sky of Sabina, M. Aurelius, Faustina both, Maesa, Salonini An elegant bag of this type we immediately gave" on a splendid base the marble column of Antoninus Fii, in in which Antoninus Fius and Faustus iia nxor from the alatCgenius to the alt CTect, yet the eagle, one Antonius, the other

a) Dio L. 56 § 42, el L. LXXIV. § 5. Herodian. L. IV» under init.

N n n a

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A68

CAPVT XVI

Faustina is compared to him. Witness Artemis doro ^): i^o^nuKutov uTfo^vvi^rxovTag TdTK^ (deals with kings and illustrious men) n\a

Pavo^ in the Augustans so many Both Faustinae, Domnae, Marinia- nae» You knew the new rivals of Luna.

Pavo the soul of Augustus up evsAenSy Tide the coin of the Lady.

Fictoria at the bottom of Augusta rises up* hens^ in the arms of both Faustina.

Rogusy was then killed by Antoninus Pius the type of consecration iti numis Augustus rum of both sexes. This framework Dion is called 7ry;'a 7ru^fyfl£/S'iy^, TQi^dhog^ ihspapTd xaj XQ^^^ fiSTa dvS^^tavrco» t/»w» KsxocjULSfJLSvYi^ piles in the form of a tower, with triple contigndtione ^ ivory ^ ethaurus ^ and in some statues, more ornate «), in which de- thence the emperor's shot was delivered. He- Rodianus describes him as suggesting the stem is square in appearance, dry below filled with family members, to whom then the other a thousand indeed in form and ornament, but conr more attractive looms over the open gates • broken, to which the third was imposed and the fourth contracted again, so that the entire structure of the lighthouse mirror should be preferred. Then he went to the second floor even a dead body, and the usual ends. blind the whole mass was stirred up by the provisions to burn These things, but more broadly, Herodias- nut d). This form of its floor, such as you have described, excellently because of the many gods who stand there, whom among others, the Dttreum of Maesa

baud so long ago found in Rome, de where its owner cl. tnnius Sheriff in the ancient world today ma, to exc. Garampium seat apostloH* he wrote a message to Tihdobon, that he was to such an extent that that in these funerals you ask nothing so far it was obseryat, in lickunda Augustus' cadaver appears on the floor laid on the bed

I also typed a rare ara^ jion here, ob- Yins especially in the consecration of the gods Trebonian, perhaps the ruler, remained rum Aram to the prince conacrate to belong, is self-evident.

He was drawn by four elephants this type is not uncommon. Ti^e the gods Augustus, Thespasians, and the lilies of Tlti, Antoninus Pius, M. Aurelius, L. Veri, Pe^ tinacis, and in these tjpi explained.

Pulled by four horses Claudius and Yespasianus.

Carpentum by two mules tractum^ in the gods of lulia Titi, tjpoi sacer, and in women's names faaod ra- country The Tide explained in the name Lysias, Agrippina the elder" and Doffii- tilde

Phoenix^ symbol of eternity, TiJ^ gods of Trajan

Lectisternium lunonis, in the forest of Fau- stinae junioris, yelut n<>?ae nuoc Inoo* nis" .

Temple^ in the name of D. Augustus, Bo- Caesar's mule (even though dead it was erected to the illustrious, not consecrated first the temples, as you say in the fort Domitiae Aaig

a) Vignoli de col, Anton. IV. 5 goes in.

b) Oneirocr* L. U. c. 20. c) L. 74 § §♦ ^^

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ON THE CONSECRATION OF THE 90th

469

I leave out the other lower types. Qat- they have been used in their consecration cjpes of the Christians learn from God Con- Btantini H.

We did faactentts about namfs, which Paul- after the consecration of the princes, and indeed the cause of this promulgation they are beaten. But there remains another the kind of rum that in adversity offer ca«- each of the emperor's put on the opposite side epigraphen consecration, tjpum eagles, or eagles, silver all, and all those from the rear which The pious emperor signed a single plan •unt, to pa- before I rise, it pleases him of all things, which have hitherto been discovered, Attach the catalog.

DIVORCE AUGUST The head of the rays. X CONSECRATION ^ quila spread out to them. (Mus» Caes.) lii to others: \^ra luculenia. (Mus. Caes.)

DIVORCE VESPASIANO Radiant head day 10. The same two kinds of opposites. (Mus. Caes.)

DIVORCE TITO The head is radiating. Z Fi in the previous ones. (Mus. Caes.)

DIVORCE NERVES Radiant head. I Wt in the preceding* (Bimard to Lobert T- I. pag. 298.)

DIVORCE TR AIANO The head of the rays. I Ft in the previous ones, (Mus. Caes.)

Give it to me Hadrian Radiant head. 3£ Ft in preceding, (M us. Caes.)

DIVORCE PIO Radiant head. 2 nin preceding* (Mus. Caes.)

DIVORCE Mark. The head of the rays. Z f^t in the previous ones. (Mus. Caes.)

Another, but written T^lSfO.lilLKRCO. ANTONINO, and in the usual type of Aquila. (Baldin. in Vaill. T. II. page 874.)

DIVORCE COMFORTABLE Radiant head S Ft iu the preceding. (Mus. Caes.)

DIVORCE Strictly. I got the radiation. X f7 in the previous ones, (Mus, Caes.)

DIVORCE ALEXANDER Radiant head tum.l^ Ft in pre^cedents. (Mus. Caes.)

From this catalog and this considering the nature of behavior, the following we go: except Augustus in this com- they were thought to have been a bulwark of honor, the Augustan territories, though consecrated to the public ce, and with the same ceremonies. But even am from the consecrated men of Augustus rare Clandium, L. Verum, Pertinacem, Caracalla, about whom there are some defects We will mention it further below. From the I am a nation, indeed, all of them, but altered, the quality of which is supposed to be a mixture He smelled of silver from thence even unto Philip to Gallienus, at least within this ipsura those were signs of the interim period them with the currency of this age ready to persuade. And these all the cases brought together were defeated of their own accord that all these gods were not contemporaneous with them, whose heads they offer. Who is un- than in every year of August mum Tidit so praye argenteum^ ant so much work? Eyincunt etiaoi because one species is the same for all, one author and archivist of all the roof, wherever that plan to be supposed But who is here? deciding? So far all arlfs dO-" of the teachers, among whom Bandurius

a) Tom. 50 pages 187

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470

CAPVT XUL

el httnc •ccutoa BaWinus •) , Patinas ^), BaTercampus c) , lobertoB <*) , ejasqoe the commentator Bimardus «) this honor They gave it to Gallienus, because the fabric was ra- This is a common currency with this one It was thought that Fostea Pellerioins he brought out the silver from his museum: DI- VO. AUGUST AuguHi's head radiates day 3E 1VNONI. MARTIALI. the temple itt quo dea aedenk aftante pavone. Ex whereupon he argued, all the numoa hu)U8 fleet to the government of Trebonia. For when l)aec ayersa lunoni Martialis in solorum Trebonian and Yolusian coins, and who* it occurs frequently, perhaps foi'^ if it happens, it happens often, so that the indolence of the weavers should be exchanged matrices, and for the debt of consecration .Ijpo alien these aversions with Augustus would be joined by the head. I was forced to do so Fellerius in Trebonian's piety •uit, who com help because of diseases -discomforts he implored, even the consecrated Augustus when he proposed the true gods and obscured them, so much confidence how much more He was interested in the Boman matter. This Tir uncooked ^). Last Tani nius Philip to be adjudged ce^set ^ 8i, he says, they had the authorship of Gallie- did you not know) Aet Gordianus, ao Decius, of whom The memory of B. was very pleasing to the people. Al- asks for a new argument from the nu- found in the morning in the Forosempronian field to The last of these usually com for Decius and liberty, no prince

posterioris pis and taroen in this numo- rum acerTO (but there would be two hundred pla things) some of our content found They are from which he argues, if Gallieni jaiio they would have been signed, no doubt it would have been more expensive would have given at least some names to Trebo* the Nians, the Volusians, the Valerians, and the Gauls. Therefore he conspired with Pius Philip, and in I spent the secular games in Tulgus. And from the same cause also Fel- He considers the opinion of Lerinius \ this namo the family of Trebonia included in the empire tooth

From these words of Eroditon, Qase Ti- it is difficult to define. Herculean mistakes can be made by those who create chaos to prefer tiallien. For it is difficult esty-hanc within a few years to dismember him, so that these nami were struck they cannot be close to the emperors to those who preceded me. Pellerin's package then captured by matrix exchange more beautiful Tideatjir, qoam loli* duih Or indeed, if I was signed by Gallienus let us decide, it could not be done, as Iopa^ tem aTcrsama creeps the matrix. »d Tre- belonging to the Bonian government? To no He has endless examples of his matrix the distance was much greater than that of the empire Are the coins badly composed? Neqae u- tis Talidae Tidentur all Taninii can- so He said that he would not leave the Gauls that Gordianus and Decius were among the people taken The truth is not quite apparent, eoDt who commands this coin, qaiiqni it was he who looked anxiously upon the prince the proof of the people, those of the Rhoines. De-

a^ to Vaill. Tom. II. page 373* b) to Sueton. in Aug. chap. ult. c) Imp. Morelli Tom* i. page 333. d) Tom. I. pag. 201* c) Ibid. page 297^ f) Rcc. III. page 49- g) Suppl. Band^ pag^ 70,

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ON THE CONSEQUENCES

m

they are those born xmmi Fertinaci pr^eela* gustt consecrated, ^qaae ck Pbilippi im» rae to the posterity of the memory of Tiri, and the tape remained? ,

fuen his own hasBet Commodus of the empire R« reproach, and to whose honor he was consecrated I do not know my own age, except by chance they are all lost, stgnAvit* Yerum Taninius himself does not hide the difficulty with the lauded god of Pellerinius typo lunoni ^lartialis oblatam» Mam 4. Here he was under the command of the Trebonians it belongs to the agreement by which it is signed

Therefore, in all this case they can be affirmed, and they are '1. them all from one, and one from Augustus eoBsilio had been struck, whose snpra We have explained the reason. 11. Not therefore if after Alexander the Great 3 in this series there are gods. IIL Suadlsnto f^hriga and metal mixture of them ex^

could from Philip, who surrounded the rise of the Trebonians under the empires of Philip and Galien preceded? Let this trap be written. perhaps something of their own tasse thinks yir erudite, the answer to the olive can be defined, if several times

do, not in one Trebonian, ot eqpi' Iegae Yolusiani moaeta tjpum lunonis to be locked up by Martial, but already Stius Yaillantio, and Mediobarbus in the mo* granddaughter of Augustus and Philip mode A coin of Augustus from Yaillantius cited no doubt with Pellen- nothing of the same nature, nor so much Augustus coaev the daughter of Treboniani to this ipsuxn Pelle- I don't care about money Philippi, whom Mediobarbus himself did not He trembled, and he, Occone, was a little witness suitable, he retained ous remains, the gods of Lunon Martial to the Emperor Trebonianus from Qer. that they had been sealed by that law. But it is left over Taninius another difficulty

the stocks are discovered when the treasures are discovered peristasi, such as that of Forosempronianus He betrayed Taninius. That the wild impe*' the advice of the narrator, when placujf, prece^ the consecrations of Augustus' teeth to establish, even uncertain if Philippi they have an author, they gave a loop to the game centuries If any of the following us- that to Gallienus, moYerint the perpetrator of the greatest evils, qaihus, ut we have said, through these empires troubled hands

Bixi altias, 4n this relenciio "x Att" leave the taste of the consecrated rare Claudius, L« Yerum, Pertinaceni, Caracalla ia a^vmrot^ pUtandom noo is, hororaqaid also in the name im^ they were prepared to be similar, aed nondom

Yandi's way, even if here the lunoni tj- brought out in the sun. However, less

The pus of Trebomanus is determined. After so many examples, what is there yet? erer, sign this Pellerinian coin* ^am Qnide Trebonian commanding\ •ed siye from a careless coiner, ifTO, Qood is more likely to believe, with the falsifier saMtrijse lunon's associated matrix A.a*

This is similar to that, or that kind of God, if you take the Nerves, let them go To these others it is agreed some Augustus princes He pleased the memory of his elders to set up, to arm their shoulders, whom he ventured with emotion. Of Alexander Seyero

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U12

Captain Xin THE CONSECRATION OF NYMIS

fiarrat LaHipridlus *), eani' in larario Pertinaic, Seyerus, Domna, Carac^Ua.

that he also had divine princes, but it is not sufficiently established that each of them

the most oppressed, and the holiest souls. To learn the law, which he chose to neglect

of Tacitus Aug. Yopiscus^): of the gods See the faec more fully expounded at ill

the temple was destroyed, in which were the statues of the Marinius <^). In the same place, the same here Tir

the beginning of good things, that he may be born of them bus to his own, and to his children, and Kal. woolen ^ and the trowels were placed in Photius. August fllum, whosoever was of this sacred monastery tae the author, he did not look back at his elders From this it is clear that he received honesty Coromodus the worst, excluded Pertir the very best Brother in marble commodus of the aryals which is inler Mariniana in place xxxii. it is read: ITEMS BEFORE CAESAREVM (that is: the temple of the Caesars, of which in- fra) DIVIS l^umero XVI. VERB (verveces) IMMOLAVIT ^shoulder XVI. In another aryal of the commanding Alexander Se- yeri, Marinius 44, read; ITEM BEFORE CAESAR'S DIVISION No. 20 VERB No. 20 Because in marble rOs thence from Apgusto to Commodami yiThen Diyi are mentioned only 16 in number, but still much the number of those who so- to be brought to heaven with gentle ceremonies, Harinius thought to volunteer, in this ca* that they had not been received, unless Au? tastes, and their wives, cxclusif so daughters, sisters, whether of a different blood united, and consecrated, as they were Claudia, daughter of Nero and Poppaea, Lulia Titus, Marciana, Matidia, etc. In mar- more a1teri> are enunciated in Di^i XX., sed and here again the number falls short, for a Conveniently to Alexander Sey. to approach Diyi five, CommoduSf

the most ornate array of solid compro- bat, into that temple of the Gods, which in the Palace it was dedicated to Augustus and He then communicated with his successors then, that D. Lulius had not been received Caesar This is the same opinion also confirmed by the kind of numbers; for there is nothing like his dictator yet the view is not Darius, having hitherto known neither his birthday of Julius Caesar, nor the circus games, who in memory of his illustrious Ticto- would have been worthy of construction, memo- rare, so much so that he himself from the Romans completely excluded from their leaders to have been

CAESAREVM in the aryals of these months A sacred place was mentioned in the name of the god dedicated to one and several Caesars how we have Serapeus, Hera- cleum I Iseus Serapis, Hercules, Isi^ sacred Not only in the city, but also in the provinces were Caesarea, and the Augusteans Greeks 2,s?a^tta. This god of Cae- that the temple of the sarus was the same as the temple Augustus, which began to build Tibe- riUs, Caligula concluded, think "m* rich, so that afterwards each of the Caesars in it they hi^^erent their sacred aediculaSf the age of the cells See about this topic more at Marinius ^)«

• *

It remains to be inquired into, and by what means after the consecration of the Romans

a) Cfap. 29« b) Chap. 9. c) Bro. ary, pag. 305. d) Fralwary. page 82. 3^4.

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CAPVT XIV. DE JNVMIS VOTORVM

4T3

As long as the worship of the gods Talatt, neqaa- I wonder why this mad rite continued. But more surely my rum, princeB also pay the Chriatians* following our example. In addition to Con- fttantinus M. Eutropius his son Con- slantians, and lovians in the number of the gods he wrote the stories related to the light, and still consecrated by his son Gratian Ausonius gave these yerbs the piety of this foretelling *): the most abundant witness is the divine father consecrated with honors Meanwhile in these

consecrating the rite from '^o^ who once lived guit, much different, and who with sa- cris Christians eorapon conveniently it cannot be doubted that it was sawn Indeed, what Christians in Constantinople lini M. funere prestiterunk, a Chpstia-' nor was it alien to the laws of religion. These things are narrated by Eusebius ^). Ne- i that they teach something else in honor of his dead god dedicated, whom we describe in their place, Moreover, these are the last, who in me- the death of the emperor Titus was signed usually

CAPVT XIV.

D B NVMISFOTORVM..

As the history of every age, so Teterum also TOTA public records pta and loose are not infrequently spoken. Ad as for the gods, in the Greek pe- as long as he was of his right, TOto- you can't find any evidence, facts here not being easily admitted to it that their frequent mention is in the coin Roman consuls. In the sun SEX is read for the people of the tribe of Nonia. NO- NIfi# VBaetor liudos Yotivos Fudlicos to have done • However, the history of the country. Romans He offers copious examples of all things, everywhere danger was either imminent or imminent

ner Tisus, publicly and first con- taken and released. Under the rule of one by allowing the power to TOTA for the entire city Titatus was received in safety another for the safety and prosperity of Caesa* rum, and the house of Angusta S. C. those, whose gods not a few serTavere memory, such as it was, which for sa- lute, Taledudine, they are the return of Augustus the witnesses received this with his pennies, which we recited to the year 5. C. 788 : VOICE P. SVSC PRO SAL AND RED. AVG. - FOR. VALETVDINE CAE SALT S. P. Q. R. and similarly, addi-

a) in Grat. action c. 8. {Fol. III.)

b) Vit. Consl. L. IV» c. 71.

Oh 00

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47^

CAPVT XIV.

for this reason also, TClut: tovi Opiimo Ma- ximo S. P. Q» B* vow taken for 9 alute emperor of Caesar^ by him resp you are* I add a memorable example to- made in Augustus, toniuB *) : all the greens into the lake of Curtius guotannis from a vow for his sakite log have done lu other gods c1)^peus , oui in* written OL^peus Yotivus^ added ite- rum causa: OB citizens SEfVYATOS. VOTA belongs here. PVBIJCA in nu- the daughters of the Augustans, such as Lucilla, and 4^ri- "The pines also have the nature of vows happy acclamations and prayers in the bosom of Commodus : PtO. IMP. EVERYTHING. FELICIA, yel in the gods of Hadrian, ct Alexander Severus : S. P. Q. R. A^num THlovum FaustumFelicemOFTmO.VBm' CIPL PIO, ¥«1 in the numo of Constantine M. PLVR^* NATALa» FEhiciter, wl in witness the marriage of Marcianus and Beauty I nod now: HAPPILY. NVBTIIS* Moreover, it is not for this reason in 'oneta' Bomanovn already from Augustus ob- That is to read: VOTA. PVBLIC In the name of the Ephesians with the head of Maximus Caesaris read BIITA, yocabulo La- I lied to the Greek. See what is there we didn't know

There were also other nls publicly undertaken, among which pua duo, nna, which Kalendis wool riis, on which day the consuls should proceed, for they are usually equal to the health of the empire, al- tera, which IIL Nines cgusdem onensis to undertake for the safety of the emperors -coAsue- Tere* of these posterity/frequently at

the writers mentioned Caius lCnts ^)i Po§i Kalends lan, on the third day for saiuteprith the wishes of the city are accepted, Pkitarchos Cice- ronem natum writes vjfJLs^ct r^irjiroiv tm KtfXay^coy, h ^ fvv it a(^)(omg io)(ona4 yat ^af to which the Romans, from the old institution, vouchsafed 4oto anao they conceive^ ^i- to the sacrificial ath to the very people of this sacred river, king Numa, Satis^ppar^, Lucian Iioc ntra- that Yota, who was close to him, would confound him. Eniin Dio eloquently slurred both sides and Vopisous i) : ^Ua , as of the same birth to his ^ and Parilis ^ and KALENDIS lA- NFARIIS, and VOTKS li&amina bridge- even in Cejebri marble fra" trum ArTalium .apud Gruterum ^) sUi ^nt TOta .Kal. jan.^ other III. nooo lan. Finally, Tacitus, where the objections Thrace's hand, I begin to annihilate to solemnly swear to him y nuncupaiio^ the bus of wishes was not present *3* And Tero TOti III. no lan. generally speaking tumdicta iw%e Fota^ confir.maturKsle&' Darius Furius Dionysius Pfailocal, in qc0 according to III. no lan. reader^ VOTQRY*. NVNCVPATIO The same Tcrlulliaa

a) Aug. e. 57* b) of the verb. sigQific. c) in life Cic. goes under d) in Perth*

e) in pscudolog. f) L. LIX» §. 24- g) in Tacilos. A) Pag. 11«. i) Aim^ XVL 22.

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ABOUT THE VOTORVM,

4T5

dicuntor anua vatotum nuncupaiio *)• But these things, as expressed by Terbis, in the emperor's currency has not yet been repcrl Yota Kalendts lan. to have been taken It is clear from the decree that Arcadius et Honoiis ^): When you wish to com" a happy new year opens, m waa li" ^a atiriy him solid obryzaHt princes of the offering of devotion with a willing heart ptmus^ determining^ as the following in the years of each of the duliiasr princes" He always brings things to his family, and I brought them to him. Those vows differ from these, ^uae ab imperatoribits after exact certain an- Atfnt was celebrated in the second period, and from hac Yocata qinquennaiia ^ decennalia^ fifteen hundred years and often in the old currency, especially the declining government they meet These swimmers are well co- because not a little to cbrono- the knowledge of logic and historiography was seen poase to contribute, from aliqoot great men in the heather of the veterev name in severe The examination was called, as before on this subject he exercised his powers Henricus Norisius's dissertation which Parer^on chronoiogicum de voiis Ten years later he joined the other Antonios Pagios most part of soa Disserta* hypatic ion rom spends with the readers, and here the words re- •titoit in CriHca Baronii, the third Alber- tos Mazzolenos abbot Benedicto-Casi- nose into the same doctrine with great interest He found it in Commentary IL on your journey deeennalibusj qoam tractatoi de triboni» subject to that power. Even educated Some teaching about the names of these votives

eminently published in the Disseraiion of IPK- coins of the lower age ff. 40 Some of these various sen- we shall be judged by the temptations, the origin of rum, ^t which is different with kis had been connected, already from these vi- so betrayed, a few mentions rarely

Yotorwm decennaliom origin and cause and they are to be repeated from August. Here when in the year 5» C. 737 he preferred the species ret, as one who rectifies the remp. or let, however, exoVatos from the patriboa propo- sitom omitterety ot yet be popola^ seer force, and from the royal power he would turn away the Bomans' government by spying itt his provinces (for these others to himself he refused, and at other times the senate and the people gave me permission let it be) for ten years he accepted pus will arrange them in the order of the first let it be, this God ^)» continues below ^) : When the bird first came out to him ten years ago six years and five years I do it again after five years, I put the 9th century and the end of the 2nd century the rest of the decree was so that the For years, he was the supreme leader of the empire it happened That is why they are more serious and the emperors also did not extend to him ccrium iempus^ but through every space of life The government was transferred to them, however, with sobs ccftniis festival^ as if for its renewal agunty that today also fii^ He had written but this was during the reign of Alexander Severus.

We have a decades-old origin the most visible of this was the anger of Dios, Batam, nor, as far as I know, from writing ptore qoopia called into doubt. But

&> of the crown millt. c« IZ. d} 1. c. § 16.

b) Cod. lust L. XII. title 49.

c) L. LIIL § J3.

O o 0 a

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476

CAPVT XIV.

since God in this place then he mentions, it may be rightly sought, i^trum quincentennials also, of which not ra- by the authors, and in the still the mind is filled with encouragement, from the same source he sings*. Norisius affirms this leaning narrating the testimony of Dios, Agrippa because of the leadership of Augustus in the year 5. C. 738 five-year games were given, hence Caesar's five years, and therefore lu- when the prayer began to be celebrated, Tir argued you «>). Mazzolcnus, the abbot of Yer he attacks the doctrine with strong arguments, and he proved that he was the judge of Agrippa I will send those who in August because of the riam Actiacum was decided to be, and who did not five years, nor its decades rti respondeot^ recbe T«ro a Dio dict, those games were held mostly in the beginning of August clearly, because it was different here from the last one the si^ictory of the war ciTiiis also said to Dion he could, and should, have been taught. I saw him from here to prey upon the ecudito «uCtOFe, and 4;opiose exposed ^). And Norisius, I take this the testimony of Dios, but that otherwise in* we said clearly, nothing else He was careful to bring what he would prove, of the first in the age of the emperors, and even for a long time after, it was announced that the vows had been pata, or those who belong to these things, lu Of course, the gifts had been made for five years the first, as we may say, are PosHimi tjran- no god, who inscribed the five-year roll they have pta, and the authors are v^teres, when to remember them, still long after the times are assigned to them.

Saying, the case established Augustus was ruled by the Cennali

Decennla prorogatnm, Saccessor Tibe- even though he did not want to repeat it for decades, fe- stand, however, on these thrones not to be celebrated he left And indeed these are the first things Dio ^): Ten souls unperii efus exactu to respond to that nothing in that decree opm for he did not think that it was necessary To interrupt the example. Lttdi ta^ Men have been doing it for decades. Of the second decade nalibns faaec ^) : I did the best of the empire inexpediently, although he himself frequented Alban and he would not go to the city of Tusculi nit^ but the consuls L. Vitellius^ eX Fabiw Persic decade nowstpavere ^ iaih than /6i, as usual in Augustus^ then in- they would prolong it Of those who pro- xime to succeed, decadentbtta nothing ii- "Beware of betraying the old ones." He was the first to rejoice Antoninus Pius, who inscribed them too I frequently mention this, and ^ enique fastidious

<^o time ten years YOta co{€« it is divided into two equal spaces, and established five years, the coin does not jump pertnm. They consider DonnulH, that Al^ In the age of Xander Severus it is said that he had not yet done so use, when God is praised in a deeper prayer nor the acts of Augustus succeitoiv but ten years old, but five he completely neglects to mention the nalium. fi> the mouse, as we have hitherto known, was Po* we, who in the gods TulgaTit, tcii- pto in these ^JVINQVENNALES. pos- TVMI AVG. The truth is not she followed him, she went before Alexander that it was not his, or his anchors was Postumus. Iffam eiUtat looao* ment of Postumus, and that is why he was Elijah Al^

a) Vot, dccenn. chap. i.

b) yot. ten page 212. c) L. L) ViI. § 24- ^) ^'

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OF THE VOTORVM

471

landro Serero v€tu«iias, qood TOtofum I remember the five-year-old lamp I also understand Tulgata from Pas&erius *)9 in which the exhtbentor of the two Yictoria te- nentes cljpeaam, cai inscriptom: YOT* V. ANTON., A. N. What is said in the name ANTON Telimoa is to be understood as the latter Elagabalas will be from Antoninus, and He will prove these monoroentums, already before . All this to Alexander Tisse, and perhaps a minor you, who have been solemnly celebrated in the air, enough having studied Romanor in multiple the chaos of candy festivals and games, qilt> that way also to contract the coiistitutom laws of ancient times ot obseryaTimos in the name of Maximian Hercules Constan resisted those shivers tias Chlorus «dhoc Caesar, detnoeps Constantine M. and his sons Caesares by I often played in these. Yolgato quinqueh- Nothing stood in the way of his example have less and another ten years pent the gap, and so I left 4{oo- qoe 1 where she was born, TOta XY , 25 , and finally 30 ia of the gods which objects

ObserTandos etkm Tariua these in of writing TOTA | enunoiandiqoe innocuous*

V0TI3. DECENN ALIB VS , tcI VO- yours X. *

you wish TWENTY-FIRST YEARS in names St. Alexander, tcI VOTIS. 20 - VOTE 20 years old writers kk usual in the name of Constantine jun.

GDP Decades of anger Antoninus Pius and Teri.

HAPPINESS DECADES, in names constant

VOTE SVSCEP DECADES ~ VO- TA. Accepted Dec. IIL - VOTA. Accepted 20 - VOTE SOLVED Dec. in the name of Antoninus Pius, and so on imp.

These formulae contain vows, and free ways For he was confused between what We support TOTA to obtain bo- nom the future, so we have obtained it go who came to the empire 1,000,000 years ago, this has passed ca, which he had undertaken, he paid, and no?a in another decade began. concept* Rome thus gave the Torah free to Rome samples On the same day, says Livius, decrevU Benatus^ ۥ Popilliut cos. play" for ten days I loved O. M. that all cushions should be given around, if resp. I have been in the same state ten years ago. - - Preeunte words Lepidus P, M. id vo' then it was received. Vtriusqae TOti con- Martialis mentions juncii <^)^

{fumnus io Latias mumU convenius ad

aras SFSCIPIT paid him as a leader his wishes

But most of all the arguments are illustrious The Terba of Plinius the Younger, moreover, and chaotic TOtomm, and these proper to- they contain cahola I wrote to Traja npm ^): Solemn wishes for safety iua ) ^fU/(i puMica safety will be maintained, and su* We know the Lord and we pay as well I pray to the gods that they forbid that I should always be paid

a) Luceru £ct. Vol. II. iakai^, b) L. X. ep. 44

43 c. 28. c) L. VIII. ep. 4. d) L.

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4T8

CAPVT XIV.

Metnperque Mtgnaru Re8t>ondit the emperor : And he paid off V09 with the provincial gods itH' mortal prayers for my safety^ and inco- light, and call me willingly I knew how dear I was from your Itfers. The same below •): Fota^ domine^ of the former years ago we paid off and took up again the new pre* cat gods etc. To be read in the epigram the brother of Arvalius ^) : ///• no. lan. Sul' Picius Camerinus, the teacher of the Coltegi brothers In the name of Arvalius he called the vows for his

clay sacrificed to Nero's victims

ht .Capitolio y which of the previous year stri voverant^ persotvit, and tn the neighbor he called oftnum Suelonius of Augustus ato ^): Fota^ which in the next lustrum He must receive his colleague Tiberius He commanded to be called, for he denied himself to sftsce^ ptUrum^ which would not be sotutUrus^

VOICE X. ET. 20 in the heavens Gallienr. you wish X. ET. 20 FEL. or: WISH X. PROB. AVG. AND 20.* these numbers honest

you wish V. MVLTIS X. obvimm. The same means VOT. QQ. MVLT X. in the numism of Maxentius. — ., FIRST. X. MVLTIS 20 Diocletian - You wish. X. MVLT 15 - VOICE. 15 MVLT 20 Theodosius M - VOT. 20 MVLT 30 - VOICE. 30 MVLT XXXX in Theodosius 11* and others.

you wish 20, SIC 30 - YES 20 YES 30 in the forest of Diocletian. -^ YES 10. SIC» 20* Contantii Jan. | with standing*

you wish MVLTIS in nnmia Majo rians and Lustinans.

The first method according to them, qaa^ As we have just said, it expresses the ten-year term accepted, and the manner does not deviate from this aTter, ni^t that adtlito MVLTIS lon- gam yitam is prayed to the prince. Terlim way the same Wabet meaning ts- only the kitchen, which is German the meaning is: thus the triceth is happily sofvantur nations, as if they had been sewn up for twenty years for the added pandcula So the form be of Ne¥oTenia, and established a pious vow. Ti^ Gilius Arethna Najadi prayed well said d) r

. SIC tibiy when fiuctus tubterlabett ^

white Doris does not stop her bitterness

a wave

The final numis inscribed with the vows of a mole I stand and deliver myself from the written WILL. MVLTIS Then there was no asK from Luslihian more itt coin ▼otorum mention.

Which twice TOTS in monets Tetere ^at be their names, or any of their names country marked by signs, from this catalog we give she named them let the writers also rias also quinquennaUa eighth^ ninth etc. for the wishes of XXXX. XXXXV» Liberf' These things are sometimes said to be luttny what about the name below Kami Alexa* decades of these emperors first: nePloAo^ A€KAeTi;^#f , ;«^ riodus decennalis ^ Commodus - IIEPI- OAOC. A6KATH in the same sense, Alexai^ dri ScT ^ AeKAeTHPLC. KTPIOT Gallieni To the Greeks you tell them cnntnr t» g. io^vi itno&asmj^t^j Tftroi J^

a) L. X. ep. 101. b) Gruter p. 118. c) Chap. 97. d) Eclogue. X. 4

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ON THE NAMES OF VOTOKViM.

UIQ

the 12th year of Cbronicus Alexandrian plainly

In Latin 4icuntar KvjvxmaKia»

♦

Expositi « inscriptomim modes «tiajn obseryanda of tjpis nonnuUa in na- inis Antoninus Fii., in which the first de- At least the centenary should be expressly mentioned V.um and M. Aurelius always stops impe- rator sacrificing But the egg twice TOTS that there were always joint sacrifices, below we will give Continue the same so did Commodus, and that already He began to inscribe his glorious laurels l>ere, who tjpus through several Peria was almost unique. Whatever it was the cause of joining the crown with TOtia,' for- you because your proTinces) always praise arks oflTerre impcratori consucTere^ this is certain, and TOTA frequently ab to be called crowns to the actors, Eusebius three hundred* the shoes of Constantine ]f . TOcat T^iuxovTcisTrtJi^t' «B^ r^pctviig^ triennial cor^nftt «). The same elsewhere ^): But to him the tricentennial prayers They cast crowns on him recently in the very pa» I redeemed his sacred head Ex^ I stoned the other Boxhornius Register then ^).:

PBAESENTIAE

MATBIS DEVM

P. SEPTIMIVS FIRE

OB. COBONA

The thousandth VBBIS YEARS

-qao place he adds erndite: uU per coro^ for the period of the thousandth year only

Toluil the anchor of a thousand years. Victories are also frequent in TOTORUN there were parts of ten years, t. g. Vifitoria seated in arms holding a shield, in with which VOT etc. and that already from Cara- calla, and Alexander ScTero, t«I: Fi" Gtoria in the cl^eo on the trunk of the palm VO writes on the site. D£. , in the skies of Comnu)- di, Tcl: Ihiae Fictoriae clypeumpalmae attach^ in q.uoyOT..etc. in God's hands Cletians And this custom is hard to come by the times of the Christian rulers, for aaepe in these gods TOtiyis Fictoriam ^antem^ which was to replace the oblong cross it holds ^ Tiderfi is A case of this type from ^so Augustus the author of the deeennals^, then from the nature of these wholes is doubtful it is to be requested. For that one is fine he presided over iniquity, that of course from one age He was obliged to the Mules of Tietorii. god with story rass^et ^)f Octatianum in ;Cnria lulia that he had placed the image of Victoria, having decorated with the spoils of Egypt, he adds.: ^i^- X«y ,

a) He prays for praise. Const. M. cap, YI. h) in front. to TLta Const M. c) Quest, Rom. 15m d) L. LI. § M.

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480

CAPVT XIV.

two ambassadors the tears of Valentinian for the first fruits of the empire they would surely offer it soon for the same reason He would call the case TOTA five years. See what is said about Vicloria sJghi ^Ua I said in the gods of Octarian. Which in this place we must certainly not omit that in Alexandrian Egyptians; stick Tamus For in the area of Horuni from thence Xander Sev. only then compare pal- mae ramus, when the emperor annumf imperilX juxta Aegyptiorum computanl he was auspicious, and so ten years He made a place to pay for the bus. And the palm trees attributed to the branch of Yictoria, not even known. Consult what about this as in part I. of this work to the gods I observed the Alexandrians of the Gauls. Numi YOtorum tturei Constantius Chlorus Aug. for They have the usual Yictoria type set up K- teras connected NK«, which you read M/- K»;, I told him in his place. War of wishes tjpi nothing raagnore observation di- they offer firewood. Moreover, not Tiktoria only ten years' wishes but whose they teach that she was the minister of others the old lamps at Bellorium') , a.d Passerius ^), in which Ticlo- ria 8. palm branch, d. holding cli- peum, to whom it is written: YEAR. NOYO. FAYSTYM. etc. and this allegory it had not been recently discovered, but already first used in the Augustan century, He teaches that the lamp is similar to that of Herculaneum discovered ^).

Baec feasts with grandeur, and slowly dp-

ready, and contixmal by weeping to God it had been celebrated with gifts, from old times we understand what is written. Here are a few soIbidIii- bet to reach, partly because argumentvm This )am eruditely expounded N^^risios^^ in part, if any of these emperors live expenses, or stupor he already told his gods mns. A beginning was made by the sacrifices, and they teach me, and the nature of the wishes give These include circus games, e( theatrical Panegyric also in impe* the praises of the judges were recited, some of whom still remain today, the Nazarites Hamerti nor, Eusebius, Themist

Let us say that Augustus was of these bed rest He returns to inquire at which time they stopped. From what to begin to carry out those expenses then also to be multiplied, com sna pr(^ the Augustus, the Caesars, and colleagues, later even of both worlds princes, heavy without dnbio to the whole imp t\o existed. Let's read in advance thrice incredible in these magnificentDtiaffl also large gifts to the populace, Donations made to the soldiers, in what manner Severus, certainly more temperate than many, in the decennial snis HS twice thousands testified to Dtone «), but we also read or even with these empty burdens a gift from the poor, worn-out provinces &• to these orders, which only commonly m«- lom is a habit, as the author of Libasius five years approaching honrO' they would inject the matter into the minds, even seditions

a) Lucerne ant. P. Itt. tab. 6. b) Lucerne. ficL tab, VT. c) I.uccrne dTrcol. tab. TI. d) of Vot. Dec. chap. I. e) L. 76 J. 1.

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OF THE VOTORVM

481

ezcitareDt through the towns. Tide hour ez* let's bathe him at Mazzolen's this tribute, I will say chrjsargjrom, In short, Anastasius said, the same Tir learned in the same place after the others teaches^ and perhaps even with this yo- "Certainly after Anastasius." I shall no longer mention them in heaven. if you demas unusual YOT, Xlll in the sky Lustini* remembers the last of his vows Dumus Lustiniani I. wrote in general VOTf> MVLTt«9 which formula I have already used was Majorianus. Not long after shines in the sky minibus subjects for YEARS. MYLTOS, or similarly, what was said to be ALL noKvx^^ovi^etf r^g ^dcthXtg^ as we said al- of Lustinianus II. page 228

So far, several decades I apply the methods and rites. It remains, as it were, as far as science is concerned historical and chronological they should bring rum, which is the most important part of this argument, and from Tiris driven by the greatest strife, in- Let's talk about the matter before ours let's make a judgment, juTat ihdagare how much power to this uniTersa let the gods bring him to be properly known, that the following was drawn from them obserTala they will perform

OBSERVATVM I. lniperatore% mox They received their wishes from the government they approached tfuinquenHalia^ or ten years, and that they slept in the woods"

That's enough to prove Tel Pertina- cis, and Balb^i god inscribed TOTA de- displaying cennalias, although both men-

He did not exceed a third of the empire. E^- they also offer it to the god Philip, De- those with their sons, the Trebonians, the Volusians, Aemiliani The same thing happened with the five nals, with which these bisected decades began to be introduced to the law.

Other emperors who, having developed in the last ten years, they sowed

Ante^Antoninnm Pius this is not cannot be proved, because decades lias not yet registered really At this time Intertallus was pleased Augustus, and Tiberius, ez historical col- we bind, of which Tide of Norisius ^). the same it is likely that the sequence of im- some of the managers. We read in the gods Antoninus Pius: VOTE. 80 L. Dec. U.,- and; VOTE Accepted Dec. IIL ad- 22. therefore, after the execution of two decades In 25* vows are joined. THE SUN DECENN., and VOTE SVSCEP DECADES U. Am- Relios was called Augustus about a day VII. Martii V. C. 914 in tribunate XV", and 25 tribunes It was born in the 5th century. 934, therefore between TOTA received and released X. cjclus of the ancients intervened. In the nu- is Caracalla's mis: VOTA. SOLVED Dec. TR. P. 40 COS. IIL, ez quo he can cast the rorsom, Caracalla ex- Acta decade TOTA soWisse. But ez these It only becomes so similar to the dictates of numbers, between photos received and dissolved solid in- a decade has passed, not Tcro yet we are quite sure because of them, how monobimua in obaerTato X« Scriptorea

a) of Vot. Dec. page 248 iFol. III.)

b), of Vot. ten chapters U.

Ppp

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4«2

CAPVT XIV.

n^mialli decetinalia dlserte in full they had stretched out a decade. Claodins said Mamertinut «): nor his oraHonis I had composed a guatn, but I am making a throw I reserve it, after five years 4^rsus from* I will say to your ten-year-olds that indeed, to all those who preach you are an error Com said: five nio^rursus exactly^ understands at least ten exact nom. To these ?ota quinqnen* Nalia confabulates with the mirror, which she does Eumenius ^), indeed, they should accomplish this after five years had passed Teteru's opinion is more convincing, though there were those who and to interfere with the Olympiads, of course completed four years, and entering five fire From these it follows, thing, that the very nature of the thing steal, after completing 10 years brasse ten years, then read the same some of his successors had been a gem followed, so as not to be evidently however, it is very probable.

Observing III. Some command tors in the fifth year of the tenth century you have not yet completed five years or decades passed.

In the unique god Commodus, who is in the raucous Caesarius, it is read; VOICE THE SUN Dec. PM, TR. P. XI. IMP. VIII. COS. V. P. P. Commodas is said Augustus V« C. g3o, and trib. can theme XI adiyit V* C. 989, therefore sliding In the 10th year of the empire he paid tithes. la of the gods of Postomi with TR. P« X« jungon- tor VOTA 20., that is, taken up, go these things came to pass in the year 10.

Mazzplen after others from the history of pro- bat , Diocletianom yicennalia celebrisiw on the 20th November 5. C. 1056 Oh she spearheaded the government in September bri V. C. 1087. Celebra?it crgo haee YOta in the 20th year of his reign. not a circle yoloto Norisiius, therefore, the deceiver, dom contends c), the first was Lici- niora, in the 10th year of the tenth century He did not evolve, but then through the entire dissertation on the wishes of 10 pro- I am trying to bare. Constantine M in the year 30 to have celebrated the tricentennial, ce^ tom is, if only Terom, qood refers Idacios, those acts by him V. C. 1088 Ym. Cal. Aug. The same was said to Caesar on the day of V. C. io5q, therefore it was paid in the year 30 years ago Examples of other subjects, which Tiri praised with gestere, I omit, without giving The teacher is not a juTantor, but a writer 'I am only glistering with evidence. £amenioi in the speech, which Constantine M. for re- Aeduis left the mass of five years Thanking others, he has the following: Q»sr that you have spared us the rest of the years" 0 Good luck to all the bakers! — -^ - Your five-year anniversary for us achievements are to be celebrated. lila emm qmsts at the beginning received by all popfiUs j^ common^ to us these proper^ quasp^ they are Quibos ex yerbia jure powtt- mus to argue, Constantine M. «ettte asf no qointo at first act qoinqoennalia con* socTisse But Theodosius BL the same iv terTallom placnisse, easily heroinios. C^ tom is, him «d the empire admotooiA' eonte anno Chriati 879. Certom etiaiB

a) in GenetU Maximiani 8ub ini^ mo Licini pag.'76*

b) Grat* act for Aedois t|ip. 13. c) d« nu-

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OF THE VOTORVM

483

es Themistius •) , enm qainqaemialia edi- dist^ coDsule Saturninus, qoi proceeded in the year 383, when the empire had fallen so far in his own year.

Observatvm ly. Imperaiareinon solveruni voia'a iempore iniiae iribuni^ of poetry, but of empire.

Etiding is from the numts of M» Anrelius, this Aagostnm nonrnsi in tribanata XaY. ten years were paid, who, however, before so the government already counts the tribune tus 3^V« The same example in nu« Tiberius will give his decades of merit jaqi tribune 15 before the government signs Enough, then, of these gods only those who hold the opposite opinion Norisius, and especially Pagius, who Mar- the five-yearly empire, de- cennals, fifteen years of the empire Caesarea, proconsular, Augustus im- he cried, nor any god, nor ptorum yel nnus meroinere. See about this another in the observed X,

OB8ERVATVM V. In the lower age Caeiares, too, Bua habueruni voia.

Of the Caesars of the superior Augustus of the age nothing is established, but no doubt the cennalias of the Caesars were conjoined with in the dungeons of the Augustus fathers. Se- the river Caesars separated his own and his own I have had my vows, IKnni teach them invincibly Under the dumis of Constantius, Chlorus was still Caesar's we have VOTA. - X. - XX. The same they offered to the gods Gal, Maximian. More they teach this delineately to the god Crispus, and Li- cinii jnn., in which we read: VOT. Y* CAESARVM OUR Nazarius at the beginning of PaBegjric to Constantine M. bis

mentions the quinquennium of the Jesuits of the Caesars.

Observation 6. Emperors jn- to add to the numbering of the ancients his way of the Caesars.

For the example of the god Constantius II It is read in these: VOTES. 30 MVL- yours XXXX" Ergo tricentenary vows he paid Qnin and paying further pro- step, teaches Idacius: Consianius 9 to him Julian Caes. IL cos. — — inirovii Consianius Aug. Rome IV. Cal. Majas^ I published 35 Constantius Augustus he did not hold the title until 24 years, er- go unless they count the vows of their Caesars he would not have been able to fulfill his 30 vows" 30y The same is observed in his age imperatoribns to others, as the inquirer easily it will be clear

Observation VII. I asked for the way proper to the emperors, it is read in in the name of children, or of colleagues, in fine his wives^ his blood^ veladfiniia'- that is, of the juncians.

\n the gods of Caracalla with TR. P.V. COS. vows are joined. Accepted 20., which are the father of Severus. One and the same vows are read both in heaven Diocletiani^ than his colleague Maximian Hercidet, indeed, it is probable joined in the vows, even if they did not use the same who had the birth of the empire* Distinctly in numismus of Crispus Caesar: VOT. 20 Mr. No. CONSTANTINE MAX. AVG., then and in the names of Constantius Jon. still Cae- sari: VOTA 20 years old epi- graph: VOTIS 30 MVLTIS XXXX he preaches his vows in the Lulian gods

a) OiM|t. 16

Pp pi>

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484

Constantius II. In nQmift Galle Placi* wish of the day 20 MVLT 30 aunt filil Yaienliniani III. 111^^ which note there in the Numia of £udoxia, who was his wife Theodosius II. 9 Of beauty, of others ejut aeCatis AugtMtarum, to contemporaries Augustoa p^rtinent, as in singmlarttm mo- granddaughter*

I WANT TO OBSERVE. Emperor 9uperiori9 aevi nofnrisi soluii» votiMpriori- they received the vows of the Ordiue B^quent.

They teach the god Anteninus Pius, M. Aurehi, Gallieni, PoatumL This is his own obviously it should be mentioned rat cause of perfersitatisy^ which we shall give in obserTato squente

Observation 9 Many orders the things of the lower age are not yet resolved the former anticipated the following.

- Taetius reigned for six months, the mouse, however, in its numis§ VOICE. X. AND XX., iiem: VOTES 20, therefore who did not even pay the five-year arrears he could, he used the formula that they used those who have spent ten years on the matter itself. In Read the six-year-old gods: VOICE. X. ET. 20 and not to be unsolved if you understand what you are doing, then you will go to heaven to others: VOTA SUN VTA X. without also: VOICE 30 MVLTIS XXXX., which I beg you to make each one of these miracles sacred will you manage? The same natnra monsters Tide in the coins of Licinius, Constantius, Magnentius, Gauls, Lulians, Lovians, Yalentinian I., Valentis, Zeno^ Anastasii^ in the name of Basiliscus, whose im- it was an annual period boasted a jota XXXX Until then, what to nu- the same man said to Bandurias *), Augu-

XAPVT XIV

stos complttre» ticennalia spoBton, and thought that he commanded* EnimTero that the speakers take permission for themselves, yerbor leno- to take possession of the cinders, that is for himself and for himself they are said to have drunkenness, for thus he pleased to wax Nazarius in yotis quinqnenDalilnu Crispus, and Constantine jun. ^). Frmtm indeed, the greatest of those who are present but it is already lenodnaiur to him of the future ratio which times are disparate in mind

is joined by presumption. QmSf

quinnal of the most beloved Caesar they have pastures in guudii^ but in des^naHi for decades already hastening wishes, and tpes

the voyeurs stopped. - Wild tjmd

We are close to twenty years ago and three hundred years old circumscribing, what are the feelings? The greater merits of the sun are the principal fum the opiates of his ways.

OB&ERVATVM X. Imperatoresvota whether received or released, not seldom they restored us following in the heavens*

They give evidence of this first numi Antonint Pii^ for as in twice YO TA. SVSCEP DECADES lU. jongimtttt Cttm TB. P. XXIL, so the same jingiio- t«r also cttm TR. F. XXllI. Com- my wish DECENNo/iV» SYSCept» read*! in his tribe under the power of 6» I^ ^ X., and finally SOhuid DECenmdiain Tribune XI Se¥erus qnoqne yariispcr the first ten years of yota suseepts he inscribed ten years, and indeed YOT SVSC Dec. still in trib can X. , ^and Constantine M« comforted TiceaBi' lia resisted for several years after this, vt said in this god. From here I learn we are assured of ease. not pouCi

a) Tom. II. page 429. b) in Pancg* Constant. M. cap. 2.

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OF THE VOTORVM

485

What defines the emperor's hatred of anyone All the decades of aolTeril. Let's take an example praised god Antoninus, qai with yo- 3 joins three bunatnm 22., whence we argue, An- this slide of tuna should have been ten years 11, and that he had received the ten years 14, yerum is this certain faith, greatly ambitious go For that is why these vows in tribu- aged 24 we will guarantee that it was paid, because we deity this tribune with these It composes all; for we fear the same then TOTA was joined to the 144th tribune as we have said. Who, then, after these things she will provide for us, she herself paid the whole had not been in the tribune of Antoninus XXL then the memory of his deed was repeated Thus the 22nd tribunal ^ which We looked at a very repetitive grind numls tribunatus 144 ? They are missing became the witnesses of the god, Terum or all these they took the time! If the faith of Norisio rcTera exists such a god with the mention not the borum of TOTOR, and the tribnnatus XXL, but the museum, from where this unique mi- mum has drawn, withholds. But if false Don is Yir learned, those who immediately disputed, are very clearly confirmed. But he commits the same sin remarkably, while occasiond of this god he argues in the same place, TOtA with the tribe the power of XXL to enter the tribune tns, TOTA with trib. power 22 to be of the dignity of Augustus. If this is the case, it is necessary will establish a third beginning re, for the same TOTA is also read with TR, P. 24IL, as we feared.

Observer XI. A number of raiorss called the road through the pass.

We read the VOT. QQ. MVL. 20, in

the god of Maxenius, - VOTIS. 25 MVLT XXXX in the land of Constantine } of one, — ^ VOICE. 25 MVLTIS XXXX Cottstanii IL - VOT. 15 MVLT 30 Gratian, - VOT. V. MVLT 20 Theodosius jun. , and similar three times in many others, when he was now It would have been the custom of cdpandi: VOT. QQ. MVL. X. - VOICE 25 16/T. 30 etc. from which it appears sufficiently in one way, how much In the aging age of Rome, the Tctera institutions were instituted they have been changed to the ArbiMrium.

List of observers I have therefore woven more dios, as much The account of all the inscribed names bring the chronology of the emperors under they were learned, learned, and verified Let's keep it, I think no one has read it he who does not confess immediately, will be that Talere is little at present can cause, all the rest of the reasoning neither uncertain, ambiguous, inconstant tem, perTCrsam so if you have good hope mns from TOtorom teaching support, It will be borrowed from the writers. From here fonlibns whatever can be drawn, already petiTcre of excellent lIlTiri, whom the prince this pious treatise with praise You, Norisius, Fagius, Mazzolenus, and evidence, when it was possible, to compose with the faith of numbers. Ho cer- then to have a purpose set for himself, Norisius was all in it, to compro- baret, Augustus, and his successors only in the year Tisse, from time to time Tero had been the first Lici-

a) of Vot. Dec. page 122

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486

CAPVT XIV.

in that year of the reign of the emperor solrendo legitimate and until now prefi- This time will be anticipated. Beech trees in dissertatione saa hjpatica Farte II. chap. II. eight canons were defined, to which the yersam teaching about all the ten years he drove Mazzolenus what is most let, dealaraTit articles VII. and 33 of his 10th dissertation on wheels, of course emperors the first five years before I have completed five years, and the first ten years before the end of the compTeti decade to celebrate together, the second rero and the rest five-yearly and ten-yearly completed, and in years Y. rel X* inte- the gray has coalesced.

Qnod usually happens, and it is due to them, who are uncertain, Taga, fluctuating to cer- so you are bound by some law to roTOCare they work, of course, as a traditional teaching and lastly, it is equally uncertain, fluctuating what, what are they, whence runt, that learned these Illvirs jiire me- rite has happened, it is in the open. What re- Norisius will teach, they will teach

I

those, which I have just proposed, his name compared to the precepts * What about Beech canons, Terhose, and great things Argentumm and flour exposed, let it be judged, suit Mazzolenus with all artieulo lY. discuss tation praised, the sum of which re- he said, Ittdere the distinguished Tire, who knows often signs, but not always conjut- ctnras promises a quinquennium, or me- he repeats his delays, often from consuls* tibns cpiinqaennalia argntt, quamTis ex qninquennklibas consulate charge tn- he established j and how many others are of the same kind. Ex-

posni breTiter judicinn Hassoleni, ne

I wander alone, incoBsvltiusqite ar-

Guere Tidear, who in the history of Pagius

tica with lande Tcrsati TOtorom doctri-

for it is to be held in learned commentaries

I am completely convinced. What about Tcri-

tate if any immediately Tolet conTioei, it

please Tel only titles eight canon

in which his whole doctrine rests,

by the way let him look, and try tonf with

little, how much is it for lust without

The ten-year-olds will loose you just spaces,

he contracted thee, and the consulates copa*

let^ or separate from them, although they

teeth would pronounce >), those votaaCaeta"

rtbus, or the imperial shift

wearing what no one wears until now

then, if it had been carried out as usual

I will restore the customs of the Caesars

I took it a few times in order to grasp the matter, qaam

this prayer leads to mere will,

that he might give credit to his words, with tamea

to show that it is clearly the same

co received in himself, as much sacred, pro-

and about the history of the qainqa

centuries with accurate knowledge of the Torah

can be destroyed I will surely finish this

I can be so far away as to read this

Beech with such a waste of things Tcrbo-

rom and eopia, and wanderers coniCTipta

to be further eradicated in all the laws

so that afterwards I would be much ince^

tior, and disbelieved Tixaliqa

I would bring back the fruit in disgust. To Mae*

Zolen's precepts, that which should be fulfilled, are enough

I understood that opinion about the first to-

torom in an incomplete year noa another ob

that he had thought up the chaos, that I should teach him

soanA^ of the first year of tribuntoia pote*

a) Chap. II. goes under

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OF THE VOTORVM

487

standing . slowly expanding and consolidating. Qaiji in this tribanaflu8 Caesar's heel terit^ you have said elsewhere» qaid in the present TOtomm argument, even if you work with scriptO) so much more difficult and 10 deci- give me the first reason qaam intend to promote and explain rat, so ambitious, and obscurely propo- He said, as yel says in this interpreter for us I need, and finally, I will teach you you have acquired from all sides from history ae coins yete exempHs, and often vio- It is slow to be applied to the cause and is perpetual enigma, and obscure prayer false argument*

Why is there so little in this voter examination? let these most illustrious men make a double progress I see that there is a reason, and one because the ancient writers did not explain not to betray their account twice, at- which, though not infrequently instruct us, which emperor in the year decennial wishes performed, yet they do not indicate whether these festivals at a legitimate time, or at a different time they have died, but the gods are rare for us nnnn they say, who is certain, Bullique I am more open to doubt, as from what I have observed it is possible to see: the other, because they are the same learned men, as I alluded to above, honey his own opinion about them freedom iib- to cast, the times of the vows, as it really is, uncertain, and ashamed to confess, but prefer their monnmentornm vete- Then to establish the laws, which are their own she was doubtless ever infected ancient times Ytroqae from the head caa- I do not want to attempt the ford, since then it is difficult to find the rain, and it is enough

I think that I have fulfilled my wishes then, in so far as it can be understood from the gods test, to explain the objectives observed, indeed, read carefully wears, it will be admitted on the other hand, each learned to the opinions which I have mentioned lam adversary

Wherefore in these darknesses to votive I found that intelligence can be seen hkec I find almost: since Augustus in- the founder of the ten years of X having been released, later times to release them from a cause, whether just or arbitrary, or had been anticipated, or extended. This variety is not among the voters Observe the Bolennis, there. We said in tra* given the power of the tribunal, this principle I think it was renewed on the birthday but experience teaches us that around Anthony the times of the children, and afterwards it was to be renewed on the Kalendis lanuarii. In Celebrating secular games double that the time had been observed, and that sometimes anticipated, discussed elsewhere we were But if the emperors allowed I thought to myself, mis, and the whole remp. onlookers to break the old custom, as they could define the failii at will re the times of the vows, which are one to the other belong? and how much this means to me rum in the princes of the mind of the fool of the mighty, and his one decision in advice to employers? Witness Suetonius Nero's five-year campaign, whose own He was the author, and the time when he was cojos ageretnr, he designated, before the praestitotom He recalled the day ")• Domitian nuDa for a known cause, the secular lays for six years

a) in Iferon c. 21.

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CAPVT XV. 488

-«riit Oa«nto deinae magi» they mention the year, but not the endtnu

I was completely lost. Qaanto j ^ M.«ole»o, c«m c«.

''"'"'""VlrrATju Jr.c C-e.ar.. Um nobU r.tionem ex .anU renm H

rLraf «.taen;;»e faiacente fog and eonfu.ione pr...cript.ro

rJrTrnTa Ve«ra in.UtuU perrer- quanUcunqne eruditiom. mol. .t red.

bi«, M.rceUino,Idacio,.W.qae, when you can«. for us certain of the nuncupatives of TOT

G A P V T XV.

OF LEGIONS AND COHORTIBFS, EABVMQ FE SIQNIS

In monela with Humana, then exlem. not infrequently they are Jiotantur legion signs Roman ea» ofiFert in denarii. M. Antonius, Severus, Gainenes, and Ictor. ni, Carau.ii, patfcommque aUorum, abroad most of the colonists. rum It was worth the effort I think it is. by oniTer.om kingdom nu- nii.maticum spar... , coUeoU.qoe ob with the eye •i.t.m subject some because

Tati".

♦ •

LEG. 1. M. Anthony. - LEG. I. LIB. MACRIANA. Clodius Maori - LEG. I.

ADV. SeTerL - LEG. L ADL G.l. spleen -• LEG. I. AVG. Gdliem. - LEG. l. MIN. ScTeri, G.llieni.-LKj;- I. MIN. BESTITVTA Aureoli '-!'*''•

I. ITAL. G. UienL

LEG. IL M. Anthony. - READ 1- ADV. SeTeri, - LEG. II. ADLGiI- I came - LAW, II. ITAL. G.Uie«i. - LEG. II. part G. lHeni, CmnM»--

II. Oolonia Parian Myaia. - • A~- B. TPAI in the nurai AlexMidrinis Na"»* Rian and Carini. - I add: LEG. SE^ CVNDA. AVGVS in acne plate .p«* Bttonarrotium *).

a) Osserw islor. tab. 38.

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OF THE LEGIONJB. AND GOHORTIB

489

LEG. m M. Anlonius - LEG, III., AVG. yel : LEG. III. BOOK AVG, Glodius Mancri. LEG. IIL ITAU Severi, GaU LieDi - LEG. IIL Cologne Acci T&r- iraeoepsis - LEG.< III. GAL. lady •ci and T) 1 i. - LEG. in match Side- you — L. III. PL4. Bhesaeo^e Mesopeta* mine

LAW III. Tel IV. M. Anthony - LEG. III. FL. Severit Gallieni, Ca- raucous - LEG. III. FLAVIA P.F. Victoiini., • - LEG. IV. Caeaaraugastac Tarracon. — IIIL Viminacii Moesiae sk« you perish

LEG. V. M. Anlenii. - LEG. V. MAC. Seyers, Gallieni. *- LE. V. Buy rites of London, the fatherland of Baetiae. - - V. Anliocliiae Pisidiae. - LEG. V. MA- CEDO. HeliopoHs Co^Iesjriae. - V. Her}'ti Phoenician. — V. of Dacia.

LEG. 6. M. Anthony - LEG. VL ANTONINVS. ET. VERVS A VG, REST, ibid. - LEG. 6. MAC. (Lesson expected cta.) Gallieni. - LEG. VL Acci Tarra- con.y Caesaraugnslae Tarracon., Rusci- BOJiia ^arlbooenrsia^ -^ VI. Ptelemaidis Galibea. ^ LEG.VL F.Daroasci Coer lesjriae

LEG. VU. M. Anlonius — LEG- VIL 150 Severus, Gallieni. - LEG. VII. - :- Carausii.; ~ VII. Celoniae Parilnae Mjsiae^ Viminacii Moesiae over*

LEG. SEVEN; M. Anthony — LE(5. CPUL/xn denarft) Pinarii Scarpi. -rr- LEG. Vm. AVG. ScTeri, GaUieni. - LEG. Wine... . Carausius - LEG. Paul AVG. Ueliopolis Coelesyriae* - Paul BeryU Pboeoiees. i .-. - .n ,""..,:,

LEG. VIII Tcl 9 M.Antenius.. LEG. VIHL AVG. Gallieni - LEG VIUI.GE. Caraosius •- PRINCIPAL LEG.. 9 Lulia Baelica. - IX. Piolemaides Galilee.

LEG. X. M. Anthony. - LEG. X. GEM. Galieni ~ READ. X. FRETEN- SIS P. F. Victorini. - LEG.X. Caesar.. frugusta - 50 pounds X. Emeritae Lusitanicae | Baetica Pairicia. — X. Ptolemaldis Galilee.

LEG. XI. M. Anthony - LEG. 40 150 Scterij Gallieni. - XI. Piolemai push of Galilee I add: L. XI. C. P. F. in the jewel of Moses of Florence •).

LEG. XII. Tel: LEG. XIL ANTI- QVAE. M. Anthony

LEG. XVI M. Antonius.— LfeG.XlIL GEM. SeTcri, Gallieni. - XXII. give cia

LEG. XIV Tcl XIV. M. Anthony - LEG. 14 GEM. M. V. Scteri. - LEG. 11 GEM. Gallieni

LEG. 15 M. Anthony

LEG. XVLM Anions. - LEG.XVIL on the fifth of August See what this means denarii to the legionaries of M. Antonius BOtaTi.

LEG.XVU.Tel: LEG. XVH class SICA M. Anthony

LEG.XVIIL Tel: LEG. XVIII LY- BIKES M. Anthony ^ LEG. IIXX Galieni

LEG. XjX. M. Antoninus

LEG. 20 M. Antonius, Gallieni. - LEG. 20 VAL. Victorious P. F. Victo- the nose -, LEG. XX- V. V- Carausius, and in plate ^ne& #p^d Bnonarrotium^).

a) Toim IL Itb. fip^ b).08serT.iial

Qq^

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ugo

CAPVT XV.

LEG. XXI M. Anthony.*-LEG. XXI GEM, Gallieni, except in this while: LEG. XVI

LEG.XXII.M. Antonn, SeTeri, GA spleen — LE(i. XXU. PRL "ever. — LEG. XXII PRIMIGENIE.VicloriBi.— 22 Fathers of Achaia.

LEG. 23 XXrV. M. Amoml

LEG. 26 M. Anlonius

LEG. XXII. M. Anlonius, not enough The same thing as we know.

LEG. 30 M, Anthony. - «LEG. 30 VLP. V. SeTcri. — liEG. 30 VLP. Gallieni ~ LE<1. 30 VLP. VICT P. F. or VLPIA. PIA. F. Vi- ctorini — liEG. 30 VLPIA Ca- rauni

CHORTIVM. PRAETORIARVM.M. Anthony — COHH. PRETTY Gallieni A band BEFORE Col. Philippine Ma- sedonia

CHOHTIS OTECVfiATORVM. M. Anthony*

-As for the Roman legion, ^us- that the ghosts belong, I do not exist I think that they teach, that the arguments then they treated the high Tiri, and no Tissi me with greater interest cl« le Beau 'Ga41u8, with many of the iHustratum discourses, which are inserted Memorized addresses 4h- from a T^mo XXV. , but in which many they are still longed for, and I fear lest they roa- a course which was brilliantly begun and promoted leave the following volumes incomplete you *f>ei?e, which tcI notes teach in this guide Gods, yel already knew before they conspired, and how usefully they can sense it Jjui

to reconsider sometimes lens

Legione ««nle M. Antoniam raonets He does not mention Roman. Hu)us lllfiii the denarius posM*en>am oiierunt light 30 full of the previous two decades series., but the third decade of some laca- only formless; for twenty hundred legions are lacking XXVIII 29 and perhaps it was XXYIL Antonius at one time thirty legions had under the standards, praised in deDtriii the legion 30" doubt not sinitv Yemm why the legions fail ahead of me? or because of the war often, in the same way that Augusto B Did Yarian lose three legions in the defeat? they said * because the legions were exhausted by the soldiers. "They were mixed with him, and they were with him." by the sword with which these pennies are coined, we to exist in a wide range? Yerum quo fatocoo- tigits, as the last only^terttaedcca- dis legiones beUis asumerentor*, a&t I will mix with others, I will go before others* tium d^cadus salTis? But Iiarom also tiomis sometimes polish from learning I would like to merge them, so that I could see them to emerge in the 26th century 30 Go ahead: although his hope is already small go to so many ernditors in inquireods 00* Neta Tctere studies to this day. V^ fom qoo 'iterum iato gitigit^ 'ot, ^ legion h d^mas, other ppiorom de* let them be blocked, And yet they did not see the light? AeDig* •mother to this aolTcndo iiactenua imp^ me rcm 'I am esE^pertus. i<^nid sold "I" •dictaTerlnC , ignoiio, .neqoe even i^e* if from another qoopy this qoestio- even in .examen Tocatam. that one that I also died in the age of Augustus Iertiam like legtoniutt iiiopiampTO*

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OF THE LEGION AND THE GROUP

491

dere , it is cut off from the neighbor. Ceiervm not addersarihiftoriae, the legion of Antoninus absolutely nothing he had learned, where and aemvlo Octavianus teslibas Appianus *), and Orosius ^) prepared 40 legions. more indeed, Qain and Lepidus were completely legion 20., we have already said in moneu ka>a8 Ulviri

Increased legions of shoulders After the civil wars, Augustus contracted aius, Befert Dio ad annum Y. C. 768 <") that the legions of the citizens of R. were in such terror 244, to be equaled in other ways 25., and from these in his own age (under Alexander Ser* had written) that only 19., which he immediately enumerates* the rest of the legion the brass had either been completely loose. i|as for Augustus himself and other emperors 4. They were mixed with other legions. In. attack the last legion is betrayed by the name of the ratorus.

22 Sometimes in seven days immediately following the hiatus until now to the 30th legion what means me* the marbles snort, the medicine of the sea whether ynicaip, com legione

23 from Lazip Yulgavit Gruterus <<), the only com L£G.XXU)I. GEllf. March yiCTR. «) but in which Terlus is to be read LEG. XIV., I will give this certain surname na fuere Gemina Mfl^i^ Fijctrix. Yni- when, finally, with LE (G. XXIl^. I). Har rom saoe, noUam finds M|u*<|^orioa. Atgoi agrees also, that I am lame in Domoria eloqoendis meiiM)aGia effutiam Tolgata's marbles It is fed through these through the reign of Augustus the scribes, I doubt it, no less

Inquirie Tacatr Prexinaa accompanies these legion 30 written by Trajan^ a numism and mai*moriboa often praised This j nor this hour raises up the legions number; for the legion XXXYL, than ez yictevini numo promalgavtt Mediobar* bua, no doubt based on a false reading there, as I have told you. Gruterus eC Uuratorius several times the 30th legion. they offer, but what is truer from the unjust in^ Tidetur, written with a truncation, cer» 30 reading Y. namely: Vlpia^ Telephone likewise. And this three-hundred-year-old the Uumeruin of the legions confirms the nice The answer of the sophist Farorin, who re* seized by his friends, that arose dcTOca- Hadrian's suit aet,n

Wiiiji

a) «elL ciT. Chapter 5 63. b) L. VI. cap^lS. c) U-LV.-§..23» d) Pag. 47^ 4. e) Pag. 1096. 6. 0 Pag* 468» 1, g) Sparlian. in Hadrian ^

Qqq a

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49*

CAPVT XV

DionefQ, in marmoribuSf in prefix-o iiic catalog of numbers* Vir cl. bro tierns, when from the authors 4)mma de le- witness their number and names Aia from Augustus to Trajan's col- he had read, even in the 22nd legion. the latter he does not find, admnneratia tans^n, ^juas I said, three-thirds, two-thirds, etc. Golegit Ugione^^ altogether 30 ■). That if, in the meantime, the bar has perished alone, if It has been contributed to each of you, po- Trajanus ordered the garrison, which they refused had written, to call the thirtieth that is, for the legions then existing the number of *'

I am certain that it will be the case, propler quhs legions of gods would be enrolled. To do that M. AntoninSj Macer, Severut^ and others commanding, that they benevolent meekness, when his only hope is lost, sax they would have deserved it for themselves. They remember them as colonial gods, or that the legions were to compete in the battle of Augnus They led the veterans, or what in these logtones to proririciarnm - Custodiam ex^ lie down Thus in the Emeritae' LUstanica^ nnmis le^iintur htl^idnes^Y» K. Hat^iiOn- stands Eria from l>ion, Augustus tbi roi- I^ollocasse lites emerilos, as in this co^ lonian currency dicttni^;; Vin^iilacii ste- tisse legions Iffl. and VH aid' of Moesia custodianrV of the colony 'B\imi' testate^- there £x ead^mteausa^nomi^Daciae 6& they will carry legions VPfet XVI., nami' Ae- the Egyptian prison Trajanani. After all it is often difficult to guess which sa legions in coloflfarnii -MinWi me- dying, or rqtfod-

rites placed in itlit loeriRt, or what there was a provincial guard station they have been caught. Some of this doubt I have already given it to the gods of Holifolios. Lesyriae

The legions are sure to appeal ti^ues from various causes. Standing Rep. almost only in numbers they marched like a legion of 5 U. etc. A 'doce de- the legions named Falerian of which I did in the pennies of ^ntis Vale- riae Flaccormn lo deoariw M. Anto- so we have legions of j^ntiqumn^ Cia$gf' catHj Lybicam^ about whom I have spoken ia e)us currency Under various emperors the genera were added to the shore, from the name of these* nibus, V. g* Augusta ^ Ftoftia, Traja* nn^ banks -eic. from dliis, as: Minervia^ a regions, such as: ItaUta^ Parthica^ Ma» cheque, etc. away! event as: Fictrix^ Adjutfix^ Liberdtrtx etc. Like Tittoli only a small part of the prostahtes in the heavens they are of those who in great numbers rtirit marAiorlt, which eonscdoy tom et old seripors^ i^uoratai- witnesses contletoilt* illustrious men f*abricios him j^eimairas^), Broti^ras 'c^), •YaiHantios ^t Bandurius 'dd Gallian legionaries ^umos* De i^oinin^ G£M££iLAE ^ei I^EMINAE, Jegitaibtts often I give, to the extent that it caused both with feathers •quac a ^^du6t1s ill^c 'legionolit moan)- Mrum ^eteratfis in the name of TWINS to lift up 'egiitt^^' parte^ prHH*e in disser- lation of the colts. But niltlum e^ihe> tOn' in numi^ or' marknoris firequen /liu^ tribuilur f^)igionibdsV qtfam Tia et

a) to Tocit. Tom, ill. page 4l3. Tom. in page 408

b) to i)ioiiis L. LT §: !i3 seq.

c) It is silent.

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OF THE LEGION AND THE GROUP

493

c«l DiO| quo testo effscit TL dauiiotr ttt legtooes yiL and XII., which in Ca- where by sedition they had committed the same to themselves Claudia si fideJ4^ ei PitkB (Khay^t^Sia %at llt^a %at "EviXje^yi} aenatuscoDsulto noini- parenluf **). Add. illnstre marble im- when Commodus was placed, qnod jcU apv^d Gratemm ^), and Fabrettum c), ia where C. YesDiBS Viodex is called TI\IB« A thousand LEG. SEVEN. AVG. 4JVO. miu- TANTE, CVM. LIBERATED He> SET. KOVIA. siege legion PIA. Faithful CONSTANT. COMFORTABLE Surnames IS faded away hence these good yocabola, qiK)d scattered marbles and Gallienus gave cent, with legions iacai:e, ot reminderenlur of piety and iidei iu; my prince in the sacrament he obliged himself. In Gaul the ninth omqibos,, ^ only they are called le- gions VL Fiae \LFideIe9, or VIIL Ti^e VIL FiifeUf^. of which insolent and yet in a constant form, Jvide that ia we don't know them.

. De Ci^rlidus Praetoriis e^Spea^tttn Uvrum vidQ dicta^^n the numia of M. Antonius.

«m

Among the military symbols is the eagle

pem obtjnqiss^ place, and when legionir bm omnibns- to have been conununum, it is a fact P^laxa.cognita.r £^s ez auctorihut oao* sas ^anai c^Uegjit cL )e Beao d). li^ These qnariae . aqoilae baatis imposed they are often presented in numbers to hold a cow See the icons of Fiore. But neqpe bl^no perislasip preieniver^ veie*

things Dio tells us, among the prodigies of Cn. Pompey's son was offered in Spain even that, as the eagle ate the legion riaa jaias Mncuiienies, and golden lightnings which of them were stringing their feet adJicienieM y ilfi publicly denounced bant^ him to Caeaer ipaae avolabani. Obseques refers to the same lolios ^). To another in place of God, read the same here* saceUo to insist on the eagle's wings, qood iUi )ifoi>g fJUH^ag^ iemplnm small^ call there, who nM>does another in any mon«« old man ezbibeator, nondom inqoi- I hope, I hope, that I will not be offended by him He will find the exerople. Not a&tis Then Stewechius saw this chapel 4n numoX^on»taniini M., whose icon he gave ^0« ^*^ that which he thought vit, it is another ion, like a square cloth tns, or the same kind of transport we will leave, and here and there they will offer to the gods the age of Constantine But besides the eagle in the moDuments of the ancient jrari genera let us see the sigpa made lam in no* we see the legionaries of M* Antonius po- so eagle flying two signs of Iriius or drinks distinctly and soberne into the host endings sa •igng' iimpiicia we say.. Similar for- mae, and the same number is to be seen in the denarius of Ciodius Macri and Severus, as well and now... you know the lords of the Parthians rom nomis, jnscrip^is 51GNA. P. B. ^oorom flattering BKoreUius in in/^^ eertis FomiliariUB Tab. a, finally coinage of Caesaraugusta, Pa<*' tl^ltrum, Ementa, Nicaea, Luliopolia.

a> 50, 60 j | 16. b) Pag. 4^5. J. c) Inscription, pag. 0(55i. d) fi. L, So. 35 pa^. 285. c) L. Xmi. i- aSf 0 ds Piodtg.

Vegelius L. H. c. 6.

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494

CAPVT XV.

At night Aogfisli received the lady avenger of Mara's witnesses d. aqailam, s. ai- Gnnm holds the siraplex. In pennies gen- t\$ Sempronius of Caesar's lolii and lllriro- At the age of the cass, I fixed the aqaila it is signnm simplez, but to whom those mentioned below Orbicularis ilHgato is a square cloth tos, about qao roox If the same form The kneeling Parthians offer xn no* the denarius of the people of Aquillia, Durmia, Petronia. In aphis from the head supcrio- re prefigitnr the right hand exUeated •jmbojo concord and ^god's royality, Such ducks appear in the cxtata of Morellii table under the letter Q., and if the same ri faith, the right hand is already fulfilled a denarius restored to M. Antonius from Aarelio you In the face of Trajan's consul tas y ^tat aqaila between two sighs, quo- in the right hand, the crown in the other it is here In others, the iron horses crown, and the like, qnals carved from they are attached to the columns by Trajan's cochlear. Fre* the warmest among the signs is pannns qua- dratns from the spear snspenffus. Yexilla yo- cat Cedrenus, and describe them to these Terbis bit ■): B/f/X«, •na^oemracrfiaTSL h ^o^t^ (ug nxi XC^^ "^ rtr^oty^vov (rx^fjui neKOivf' fjL€wx. Banners, veils of purple and bronze square shape And Isidore *») ; Fexih hitn, a warlike iptum to him, angry the name haben$ from the diminution of the veil^ 4fuaii A similar description which by inserting the monogram of Christ omaTit Constantine M., you have at Eusebius ^)^ In the hearts of others, which yide at da CangOi Taria other

You can see the inscriptions on these textiles, t. c. S. P. Q. R. Tel VOT. X. Hey stantq still^rep. to be in the USA Man one is depicted on the Morellian denarius in three signs recovered from the Parthians ^), iten in the aforesaid nation of Aquillia, etc. denariiSf and Texilla was invented in the gods of Acci, Cse* of Sarangusta, of Damascus, of Sidon, of Tjri, Ptolemaidts, Rhesaenae, deniqae et6t- qaenter in numis rmperarorom dereu Iropeiit* De Taria their form modi- that lcge copiously disputing ceL le Beau «). Therefore Dacangius is mistaken, qoi of this forroae Tcxilla o4im fuisie tsstoD barbarous, and only in the air of the legion rnTecta taught ^ ). It is lower than d> cla fufsse labara noTO and unknown bscl^ nus Toeabulus, dooebit the same Dukes i)< IndeaTn of the signs of the dragons Janus in the legions frcfquens uias, <)e qaibus some ^am atlali fn moBett PU- Lippi Taga, inscribed TRANQVILLlTAS. AVGG le Bean ^.

Commemorated by various signs fb^ mia, qttas com in moneta TCtere, tom we find in other monuments, aliqii also their use was precepted. It is comforting that the eagle was the leader of the legion nis sign, and as long as they continuous So the rest of the sources rum signs were peculiar to the colt troops, squads, centnriie j qaae fbere the parts of the legion, as well as the eqaitatai. T^ mm qaae participatas sigQS io* be tribnta, it is difficult to defy, oe which he finds sufficient counsel ch )e BeiOt

a) Hist. |. 81. b) Origin; L. XVIH. chap. 3. c) Vita Const L. 1 ch. 31. ^) ^ ^ snb lit. No. c) B. L. Tom. 35 page 290. f) Disscrt. whether inf. acTi $. 20

g) I. c. h) I. c. page 302.

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OF THE LAW AND GOHORTIB

495

who ift

of the cenlators in the same Antonius denarii three simple symbols inserted in the crown and He offers a ship to the front. The flagship band io the three gods of Philippi of Macedonia He added simple signs to himself. In an elegant way literate marble, which after others rather, it was published by Cajetanus Marinius ^), I will show you the simple signs of work Anagljpho skillfully elaborated, with which in- fern insoriplum : COB.ors III/ PRae/o- ria^ so that it cannot be doubted. band you think it's a sign. Known as Caligula munition with epigraph: ADLOCVTii^CO- Hi^r/t&f/s four soldiers standing quoiHim anyone wears a waquila. £x themselves therefore the ancient monuments cannot be proved as he can, TCxiUa inXer cohorts if gna iiiisse

The flags - in the cavalry that had been thinks cL le Bfeao, and some of these with examples I may add the famous knights of Nero the gods of desolation, in which horse they prefer nou rarjo flags. Yes Flocezius was in this opinion Ti- god ^. Whatever will be, this is certain., in- with a bunch of Tcxilli type sion understood. So in the clouds of Cae- Tcxil- loam; in the gods of Dacia, Timiacia, Da« Mi^sci, JSidopis, Tyre, Bhesaenae ha- bes\TiexiiIa, to whom the whether names; the god of Ptolemais They offer Tcxilla to whom it is written yi. 9 10. 40 legions whether or not Ergp in all these mo- the cloth of the eagle fed, as I saw the reverse cloth

a) L. X. f. 5- b) of bail. citizen L. II. chap. 96. c) I. c. page 289» ^) Iscriz, Albaa. page 120. c) 50 c. page 295. f) Med. of Esp. pay Ijl. and elsewhere.

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496

CAPVT 15*

inus, aquilar cohortlbtit qaoqoe tribe. Throats that I *€nfi embrace, both I see it in the ancient records the military use of the ignorant, as from those nothing can be ascertained even if explored, which cohorts, which squads, which een^ turiis, or eqnitatni they served. Isklo- country, after being the chief of the legions eagles, eagles, dragons, balls had counted, it ends there ■) : Other signs by different preferred lines they exist by means of which the army perviixtioncm the battles i agno^ would know

Finally, also Ae imaginrbus Cae- aarum, which was a part of the lord: tarium, agc^ndum, and that Bentius, because this discussion will explain the matter it happens numerically. You preferred them himself, and religiously obsessing over the host tas, the frequency of teaching slander En hbrum some things. Yegetius the age of the first legion oo*> hortc*>), he says, images ordered rum, that is, signs of divine presence venerated Suetonius «) : Artabanus Par* Their king crossed the Euphrates here las, and Roman signs, and Caesar's low* He adored the gynes. Arrians d) : ra tfyjfisiu rr,g inihe^rs rC*^'^^» oieroi y sncovsg ^a^i-* hstOi^ fefjLfxarU, Tcuvru X^'^^ ufctrtru' fjLSvu /TTi f uf coy vj^v^vfievoDf. Signs can written armies are eagles, images the crown of princes, from all things aura^ ere^ cta over silvered hasis. Examples ask for one of the following. About that, what they carried these images, these Yege-

tius «): Aquiliferit who carries an eagle, Imaginaries or imaginifers, who command they carry images of the thor. Not so of the Gaesar both of Augustus, but also of iHttstriuin privatoriim ii»agines gstabantur Ge^ roiMiicvLS Caesar's invasion of miUtariprae- feel the image of Father Drusus for co* Erone added ^). Tesla Suetonius 8)lar^ Tiberius gave some gifts to Syria to these legions, but none of Sejanus alone they had married the image between the signs.

Cuni, then, certainly the portraits of princes were they in military standards, we ask in which way >llae, qaa from maieria, et i^ua situation in these standards proposed consQeve* it runs Gonstitisse these insolences of the Earth" the greatest mpduli, qiiao signs of this and as soon as they were inserted, Tetus was the opinion of Savoti h), Numismata^ inqmt, of the largest form, which is commonly called a medallion They are called by my order to them can be counted whose ornabanUir ti' gna miliiaria, especially the smaller coksT^ son I would not delay in refuting aDOOSi haCy and no old testimonies xa opinion, unless I hao it illustrious men would return from aeieolisaii tiquaria of fame, cl. I^ Bcan i), Comei Caylus^), and who itti-iusqae )ttdiciam he approved, himself ceU BarthelemyttS^). To these add PeUerinium, where certain qoos- I will give to Constantine II. and Consitftntis namo» aareoa was completely ordinarily adjusted to this oiai to have been deatinated to e^ice our debt rit "»)• An hour before, but saam for us to confirm the opinion, to nomospro- It only touches on the imperialists, but now

a) Orig L. XVUL c. 3. b) L. II. c. 6. c) in Caius c. 14.. d) in discourse. Epic. e) L. II. c. 7. 0 is silent. Ann. L 43. g) on the Tiber. c. 48. b) Ni|na. antiq* cap.TH^ i) M^m, B. L. Tom. 35 page 298 * \ k) Rec. d'Ant* Tom. IV. page 197, 1) •P»'^ He praises both. the mouthpiece ro) MeL l. page 169.

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OF THE LEGION AND COIIORTIB

49^

consular officers tnus, with these signs from the sumroa side of Lyasia up to the middle of the orbicularis inserted and their imposition on one another, at- that these had once stood the images of the Yaris iiaminttm, then of the emperors, that likewise com, Caylus elsewhere teaches differently *). In this sentence, then, the principal images and the spears of the military insignia were inserted tae In another way, he teaches the same thing, the gods the most important forms of yours complex with the help of the highest spear. chain ' were dependent, and Bar approves of this Thelemy held out several swords the royal museum It further confirms this indicating the Lustinian gods, whom he killed com. Cajlus ^), which I connected with chains to the use of the other, as each thinks, rc could not, except as a military signal the most important of sacred pendants they would do the gin Tices.

These are the only arguments for you these illustrious men of great numbers They thought that the use of mae was sufficiently proven there is no other or ^criptorum veteium, sivd records produced by authority. Therefore, if the images of the Augustus were not created to show that they existed last time, or that Mr. if you count in the following thousands, and carried spears in the same way, as in others eagle, sertDra, outstretched hand, and the like, and so these images were printed onion, which Roman superstition He sanctified us, and made us equal, not except for some kind of ordinary approach sion The oracles teach another thing Again, and certain of the same things.

of course, the images of the Caesars were separated there were no signs of communication with others lest, and so in the legion likewise and others publicly exposed and preferred. £x al- the higher lalis of Vegetius, Suetonius, and Arrian we are clearly taught by evidence, eagles, Roman signs, another images of the Caesars. And these separately by others the same had already been said openly teaches FJ. Josephus, who with Nar- rasset, Tiberius Pilate pro- that he had brought the curator secretly to Jerusalem Caesar's image, qood then huge It arose in the people for a reason, ad- he said, those signs were touched, Tag KukTcs- ^g iivofug^ (fi^fjtaiai ytaKmnat c). And ap- After this he said these words to Josephus Suidas ^): 2vi/Jt,uiai^ irieY^a^ nforofJtai^ remembered immediately by Joseph Nieirra tion, which we have just brought up. That's right Suidas these images Touches even tt^oto» liug*^ for there is no doubt, those shafts had the appearance of prefixed protomes. Illustrative argument (as already ad the very monuments are falling down) be nu- mus of the colony of Yiminaci, who is in the rou- seo Cpesareo, and already once published by Froelichius ^). In his aTcrsa stands a mu- lier, which is the right-handed sign of the military He holds, as usual, the legion YII. in- it is written, his Tcro aplci threatens pro- tome of Gordianus, a sign to the left with the mention of the III legion. , and immediately on his first wife Tranquillina. Let no one adhere to the Tulta of a woman a visible military sign. For it is enough known, married husbands since then

a) Rec. III. page 240. b) Rec. Tbm! IV. page 197* d) under i>yt4aia#. e) IV. Tenlam page 123. (Fol. FHL)

c) of Bell. game L. II. c. 9. $.2. Rr

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m

CAVYT Xy. OF THE LEGION AND COIIORTIB

M. Aurelxo oxoribus auis title Mairi$ eastrofum iodulsse Tacitus was born, Agrippina Clau- I cried, which was unusual in the manners of the ancients. the Romans presided over Yerisioiiie it is clear, these chieftains pe lamins aureis tcI silver in cly that the shape of the pei had been inserted by the carpenters to him, as elsewhere ex- we folded ^), or in Y«x.4llia needle Fhry- These are painted, or in any way Corma raajore, and so as to strike the eyes from a distance sent, visible from the top of the spear. Yide similar forms from the column Traja.ni ia {)icXuna Morellii Segmento Y. To these if it is certain, it must have been among the signs images of various species, such as Ria, Ilercule, Mary, etc., and she in exactly the same way as the eagle, he soars worn, cu^s provides examples of col* na Trajani, and the illustrious marble of Borna whether roasted by Monifaucouio (^), et other random items, for the same reason Why did you follow the same custom? in the flags of Caesarea, the images of the state Tenerationi ofierentihua^ ^

Wherefore the cam shall eat in a certain manner, with which the princes Tultus in the standards of the soldiers to appear, it is not necessary, the name of the greatest module, which equi- so far I will not say so, but clearly ab- I am deaf, because of the peace of the Tyrians I will say, aoaim appeal I will prove it. It is agreed between all hnjus form jiomos nanniai thence ab Hadrian began to be struck. But since then frequented by Augustus apnd writers of

with these legions of images

and jqood conse<]Juitur, I sent these gods*

They could not have planned the shape of the mae

so nondu4ii cxstitere But I also abstained

I said to go. Figehantiir ia camp image

even the princes of the gods, as from on high

visible soldier to pietateoi, rsTe-

rent, let the same be guarded. Fioge

Do they want to give you money from their best?

having stretched out one

we have seen at the museums,

You hang from the military standard, sire m^

* But observe the par *

thrice, in names even of the greatest volume

tiis.

the head of most of the princes himself

do not greatly «xedere it, qood in

bronze I. form spspicinuis I will die

also, that what he can generate in the mind

re?crentiam, ilkid you did not trouble £nliMU

should be limited, but to

light, so as to be easily perceived by the eyes.

Or Tcro that will perform the efligies ez

the spear of auspensa, which is so close to

of light, as if the lineaffle of princes

to recognize Tclis, that is only with close eyes

can't you move me? £rgo Artabsoo

to the king, of whom we speak more deeply, cam ad

to worship the signs of li. would have come

goa shining wide eagle, and simo-

lacra deor^im salntaTiti cum ad imsgl-

Caesar would be cut off, or forget

tnm is not but Tultns of the prince in sn-

expressed in metal taste? I rise in legion

in the lower regions of Germany

I will give from the primanis and quintans saxt ^^

They shot yellow pictures d). Clsmni

experiment, ai target

(a) Ana. XII. 37. b) Doctrine Vol. 6. ppff 121

|i1. 21. d) He is silent. flist, I. 55

4:) Ant. vexplq, Suppl ^

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CAPVT XVI About the 1990s IJSF. AEVL

499

bant, to be able to follow the throw. And After these arguments were discussed, these that the images of the princes were true proto- mas siye engraved in gold and silver, if Expressed in colors, srre interwoven ve- with square gills, dine, so that even longer distance from cir- they could be recognized as standing. And rightly so we will be so disgusted with that indigestible feeling thence from Sa?otus to the great yiris proved of the greatest form of si- There are many things that are included in the military

handed down by elders they are taken away by the sisters, and they are not examined for a long time they are propagated to posterity; in what way Lae lacrimatory, first authored by Chifle- even ancient they were obtained according to the law, until the year so much better for this story is SchopUinus he took all of them you give the notorious lights called go perpetnas in Teterum sepnlcris often* discovered *».

C AP VT XVL

DE NIVMiS INFERlORi S A B F i.

for many reasons, so much money the age of the upper and middle emperors "They are blind, especially in the East." he went to the Romans, as it was necessary, some com* to remember, from which, however, another supply I did not think to bring it up in this place, however that explanation, let them at least mention it He was thought to be worthy. Qnamobrem I will pass over what coins these are go are considered proper, as in general types, inscriptions, the form of letters, Tarias his appeals, the art a little in the utter barbarism, I speak that we have already touched on these parts elsewhere, par-

tim that those practices and experiences and these gods, faster and more solid than precepts discuntnr. Others who do this he wishes to be more fully instructed in the subject, let him go cell work Charles du Fresne D. du Cange, from what most people, whatever to these days currency belongs, to draw, and that in- it is written: of the emperors Consiantinapo* of the litanies, 9eu inferiori$ of the coinage of the age bus iHssertation

All the material to be made I began, complete the following articles ctor :

§ 100 of the names, and the orders bed*

a) Mon. Pelops YoU II. page 180* b) ibid*

R rr a

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500

CAPVT XVL

$. 11. On the worship of the Aagastos.

§ 3iL De ChrislQ, deipara, et san- ciis

§• IV. About the address questions*

§ V. On weight and yalore namo- the rum of this age

§ yi. De urbibttt, ^t oiTicinis mone- taris

Of the name, and of their empire this age

Many names and names, government is used, the present abolition Tit age is over. llustris attack rdtor's title, or like a first name, whether captured from the Tictorii, as well as the name From then on, Caesar rarely re- they perish In the insolent to be held epi- graphe, qnam o£ Pert aeneus Yalenti IJI. of the form that -est in Caesarean Museum: IMP. CE Valens etc. ATTOKPA However, TCOP is read in the name of Nicephorus II. Phocae, Zimiscis, and finally, the Loannias YIII., and Constantine XIV* Palaeologos the light A little, even in the place of the moved title l^ominus Nosier^ and Au^ustua^ though C€- BACTOC is still read in the numo of John YI. Cantacuzeni, but with lead. The same They experienced the success of the title PIYS FELIX. But we shall deal more carefully with the fate of these in iia the places in which these names are known we explained We must now deal with those who in the previous era iguQti, now deniqne.ac- to cease

FLAYII's first name. Learn about this Dncangius *)• of the Flavius argued with you

nation standing rep. .not very enthusiastic rushed He brought the dignity of Flavius Ye- Spasianus, whose race was with Domitia that name became extinct in Augustus began to spin until Con»tant Chlo- rum, who when he was born from of the family of Claudius the Gothic, to whom it was not known Men Flavius says Trebellius, DoiDen he resurrected it. A Cltolor into a son Constantine M. transIaUini propter to the fame of this emperor the highest splendor is advanced, and as of old Domitian was the leader of the nation He erected a temple of Flavia, so also by Airi- the priestly decree of Flavia Con* Aurelius Vic|or<^) tells the people of Stantini. Afterward, all of them ri progenie fuere, Flavius praenorine nsi snnt, Crispus, Delmatius, Hanni- ballianns, three sons of Constantine M. Con- stantine juntor , Constant , Conttan Tius, Nepotianus, Constantius Gauls, and Julian, and Max. Fausta Con- the wife of Stantini M., and Mag. Magnificent although it did not pertain to the race of Chloe. Illustri's house was extinguished by the Lalian yet he who received him, praising him, even if it did not happen to the Flavians He added the name Flayii to himself, and after that long Augustornm, and the Augusta "e- ries, although many of these but the witness of the marble and writers. Of course the name of Flavius by Constantine M. so much for us at this age he gained so much, that Caesar's name * also dyed with Nero of Caea mo was adopted by his successors. A^- said Ducangius illnd a regibos qaoqa^

a) He argued. § 36. b) Suet. i& Domit c. l. 5. c) in ConsUnL M.

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DE NVMIS INF, AEVL

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Goihis, and LoDgobar^is fjMte adtcitain, ul raajor to himself with this name's persistence* lest they should gain authority without it already in the age of Constantine M. with the Sammii rep. to men, consult I was very happy, I was very happy.

PERPET VyS Augustus. I succeeded place of title PltS F£L1X« lam in nu- miss Constantini M., cedar, is read PP AVG., that is: FerVetmi^ AYGusipM, in which manner it was written In the Lulian gods: PP. AVG. or PERP. AVG. In the sky of Lovian: P. F. P. AVG. or P. F. PP. AVG. or P. F. PERP. AVG. or PPP. AVG. Perpetuation of im- to the executors likewise and to the eternality I was given the usual other io of these ou-

we went

m

VICTOR, by which title he boasted in numismus Constantinos M. | until the son Constantius, and also Valens. — ^ Jnsolen- tior is: FORTisstmuf CAESar, quo He used Decenius.

The title reeks of piety PISTOS, faithful, or if there were more PISTV, for ni2TOT. Look at the gods Michael II Balbi, Basil I. of Macedon, and each other. - EVSEBES, Pius, said LeoYI. , Constantine X., etc. - SEIR- Yum CHRIST is openly projecting himself lust- nian II Rhinoceros

AGCnOTHC. Thus it is applied the narrators in the face of the lowest age of the gods, once upon a time the said lords, terrible noouoe

idem sigoificaote* Augustarom oomen was BESPOVNA, and so she is called io nu* mis Theodora Theophilus Aug. wife But ACCnOlNA is also called virgin deipara in the name of Constantine XII. Monomachi see whom See more titles at Ducangium ^), and Spianhemium ^). Ce* once the name of Sf^moTti had already been long ago the emperor's tribute, says marble The Hyatirean position of Caracalla, which He addresses a TON of THC. KAT. 0A- AACCHC AecnOTHN. e)

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BACIAGTC, king This name, once upon a time The hatred of the Romans, the old impe to suffice with the term of ElAugustus agents of the East, from which the Latin language nae usas began to be completely dispersed. Of course that term is therefore easier it is a farewell, because it has long been the narrators of R. from the Greek writers here and there ^a(fihvg they are accustomed to be called, without and not nor are they called by name, but elsewhere First I find Ireoem Leo IV* Chaeari oxorem, Charles M. contemporaneous cited From time to time I met Niciforos. BA SILENCE — B AClAeXC. P(t)MAl(t)N. and the like

§ II.

Of the little Augustus in the lower world I lived

Culttts Augustus in the present age coins from him, which were used by the elders variously, and at the passing of times,

jij Dissert § 3^». 35. b) Tom, II. page 487- c) Spoa Voyage Tom. IH p. Il({.

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CAPVT XVI

rather, he washes himself off, so that at ex- Teterus's death would have nothing to do with trembling. As for the images themselves, they are rare in the preceding section, except in the na- of the largest module, the only picture of the head ra coBtentis* £a already from Probus eti- am the threatened coin shaved off, adding Fluoqae wields the spear of Elypeoqae Arma- tis, or those holding the horse by the bridle. Po- and the whole region was destroyed by Augustus it was decided to propose the seen. From there With honor in gold, they were said to be solid, he stops with a mellow body, with a staring face* ]»os to Tcrso, clothed in panoply, too* ram helmet^ chest, so right spear, preferring the left hand ot solid pieces, turum and brass acqaieTere in his plervmqae protome. Yarias would be busy with other causes, and it is not necessary to review, and they will suffer in fast