Treatise on Greek and Roman Coins, Part II (Historical Description), vol. III — vol. II.3 — 1914

457 cult which was to adorn it, to the most illustrious of their sculptors, Polycleitos!. This statue, the masterpiece of the rival of Pheidias, was chryselephantine like Athena Parthe- nos. Polykleitos represented Hera like wife of Olympian Zeus, also seated on a (rone with a high back, and hanging dant, in a way, to Olympian Zeus of Pheidias. This parallelism sought and desired by Polyclele was, in the ideas of the time, the symbol of the alliance between Argos and Elis, and this is why we find the reflection on currencies. The treaty of 421 was signed in moment of the consecration of the work sculptural work of Polykleitos. These are, sum- mated, the multiple political reasons, ARGOLIDE — AlRGOS 458 of art and pielé which brought the Argives to place on their coins the head of the leader work of their great sculptor, and there you have it also how we explain that in 421, Elis abandoned his traditional type of the Niké Olympian, at the same time as Argos renounced his traditional wolf type of Apollo Lycian; Hera's head will for- sea for quite a long time the type essential monetary of the two cities?. This effligie is, moreover, one of the most beautiful monetary types that Greek art pro- products, but from an artistic point of view, the stalers of Argos are lower to those of Elis. 616. — Head of Hera on the right, wearing the high stephanos decorated with fleurons and stylized windings, the hair unrolled at the nape of the neck; at the neck, a necklace. . ARAEION. Two dolphins swimming in opposite directions and separated by a bucranium from the front, the horns decorated with knotted strips. Concave field. ZR 26; stater egin., 12 gr. 12 (P) PL. CCXV, fig. 11. 617. — Variele. On the reverse, between the two dolphins, a helmet on the right separating the letters E— M. 12 gr. 10(B)*. 618. — Same right. BR. APTEION. Two dolphins swimming in opposite directions and separated by a wolf - stopped, left. ZR 26; stat. egin., 12 gr. 98 (Luynes) PL COXV, fig. 12; — other, 12 gr. O8 / IP); 11 gr. 92 (L)°. 619. — Variety, with ARTEION and the wolf turned to the right. 1. Max. Collignon, His{. of the sculpture. Greek, & I, p. 509; t. LI, p. 162. 2. Percy Gardner, Num. Chrono., 1819, p. 238; Brit. Mus. Cat. Peloponnesus, p. vi: cf. The Hera of Polycletus on the coins of Argos, Waldstein, 2R 25; slat. egin., 12 gr. 04 (P) PL COXV, fig. 13; — 12 gr. 09 (L)ÿ. in the Journal of Hellen. Sludies, t. XXI, 1901, p. 30 et seq. 3. Lobbecke, Zeit. für Num., t. XVIL, p. 6, pl. I, 8. 4. Brit. Mus. Pelop., p. 138, no. 33, pl. XXVIH, 9. 5. Brit. Mus. Pelopon., p. 138, no. 35.

459 ARGOLIDE — ARGOS 460 620. — Variety; in the center of the reverse, a lion's protome on the right. 1.26 2040)" 621. — Same right. BR. ARTEIQM. Two dolphins swimming in opposite directions; in the center, a column nelte or pillar-fountain equipped with a hand pump. ÆR 24: stat. egin., 12 gr. 20 (P). PL COLE 14 = 12 20 2112)" Varieties. BL. APTEION. Between the two dolphins: Ivy leaf and helmet (L). — Bunch of grapes (L). — Ivy berry (L). — . Crab (L) 3. — Tripod; above, AI and an ivy leaf. P1, CCXV, fig. 15. 623. — Head of Hera to the right, as above; but Islands hair up form a thick wavy band on the forehead and all around the head. BR. APTEION (rude). Two dolphins swimming in opposite directions; in the center, a negro's head, on the right. ZR 24; stat. egin., 11 gr. 25 (P) PL COXV, fig. 16. 624. — Same head of Hera turned to the left, her hair raised forming a thick band around the forehead. BL. APTEIQN. Two dolphins swimming in opposite directions; in the center, a swan flapping its wings. ÆR 2%; stat. egin., 10 gr. 92 (P) PL COXV, fig. 17. 623. — Head of Hera to the right, her hair raised forming a thick band water around the forehead; behind, W. BL. APFEION. Diomedes removing the Palladium; the hero is naked, the chlamys ‘thrown on the back; he walks to the right cautiously, holding on his hand on the left the statue of Pallas and in the lowered right hand, his sword. Æ20; egin. drachma, 5 gr. 35 (L) PL COXV, fig. 18:. 626. — Varielees; between the feet of Diomedes, a globe (Pozzi) PI. CCXV, , o fig. 19; — other: between the feet of Diomedes, N; 5 gr. #1 (Jameson)*. A.Brit. Mus., loc. eyelashes, p. 138, no. 36. 4. Brit. Mus. Cat. Pelop., p.139, no. 44, pl. XXLIFE, 2. Brit. Mus., L. c., p. 139, no. 41, pl. XXVI, 11. 12; J. Lambros, Peloponnesos, pl. NIUE 3. Brit. Mus., loc. cit., p. 139, n°5 37 to 40. 5. Cat, Jameson, No. 1255.

461 ARGOLIDE — ARGOS 162 627. — Same head of Hera, on the left. Be. Lying meme ZR 19; egin. drachma, (L)*; 5 gr. 02 (P). 8. el {type; behind Diomedes, a swan flapping its wings. (Pozzi) PL CCXV, fig. 20; — other EX.; 0 SE 40 628. — Same head of Hera, right. A—P. Athena, in the form of Palladium, standing right, dressed in a chiton talaire, the peplos passed over the arms helmeted, , having his shield at left arm raised, and brandishing his spear with his right hand. 2R 14; trihemiobol egin., 1 gr. 50 (P) PL COXV, fig. 21; — 1 gr. 34 NAT 629. — Variety, with A—PI; 1g Ex., { gr. 49(L)”. r. 43 (P) PL CCXV, fig. 22: = other > 630. — Same head of Hera, on the left. - IX. The sacred key of Heraion, from which two strips hang knotty, fringed with tassels; in the field, TTT ({rilarlémorion). R 10; tritartemorion, 0 gr. 52 (Luynes) PL. COXV, fig. 23. 631. — Varieties, with the head of Hera, on the right. ZR10; trilartém. (B) PI. CCXV, fig. 24; — other (Pozzi) PL CCXV, fig. 25:. 632. —” raised in a band around the face; s the head of Hera, on the right, surmounted by the high stephanos, the hair | on the stéphanos we read: APFEI. BL, Athena in the form of Palladium, standing left, covering herself with shield and brandishing his spear. The legend of the preceding staters offers, from a paleographic point of view, the varieties following: ARMEION, AR FEION, AP- EION.The contemporary epigraphy of the Pé- Oponnese presents the same particularities ities for the letters Petrs. - The two dolphins on the reverse, which accom- (al M Bril. Mus., Pelop., n° 46, pl. XX VII, 13. 2: Brit. Mus., loc. cil., p.140, no. 48, pl. XXVII, 15. M3: Brit. Mus., loc. cit., no. 50. %: J. Lambros, Peloponnesos, p. 96 et pl. XIE, 4. Æ17; (P) PL COXV, fig. 26 and 27; — other ex., L 5. pagan the variable symbol of the magistrate monetary, are the emblems of Apollo, as at Delphi, this honored god, at side of Hera, of solemn worship by the Argives. As for Hera's head, we re- known in it the reproduction, interpreted freely, from the head of the famous statue that 5. Br. Mus. Pelop., p. 144, no. 106, pl. XX VIT, 23. 6. Percy Gardner, Cat. Peloponnesus, Introduction, p. Read; Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greek., p. 175.

463 Polyeletes executed for the Heraion of Argos. Hera is the great goddess of the Argives from Homeric times; she still is second century BCE, when the leader of the Achaean league, Aristainos, in- invokes Juno regina, Cujus in tutela Argivi sunt*. Pausanias describes in detail the fa- Meuse statue of Hera in the temple of Ar- gos, whose beautiful effi- gie on our currencies and that reproduce in their entirety of mediocre bronzes from Argos, the Roman imperial era. All his- loriens de l’art talk about it and celebrate envy the masterpiece of Polykleitos. She had, according to Pausanias, a stephanos decorated figures of the Charites and the Hours (K4- ous Eqwy za ‘ox) ?; a decoration too complicated could not have been reproduced on the type of silver slaters; the engraver corners replaced it with simple flowers rons, palmettes and scrolls lateral *. It has generally been described as a quiver, the column-shaped object which appears on certain slaters between the two dolphins (n° 621) *. But Mr. Barclay Head very ingeniously proposed to recognize a pillar-fountain providing the sacred water of freedom (21ev0eptov Dow) which served the priestesses of Heraion. An aqueduct dug into the rock supplied the sacred well called Cynadra, which was 1. Livy, XXXIV, 24. 2HDaus LATE: 3. The head of the popular Hera of Polyeletus in ancient art also forms the type, under the name of Hera Lacinia, admirable coins of Hyria- Veseris in Campania, Pandosia and Crotone in Lucania. See Percy Gardner, Types of Greek Coins, p. 138; Overbeck, Kunstmylhol. Hera. Münzlaf. I 4. B. Head, Ilist. numer., p. 439. ARGOLIDE — AR6GOS 464 in the temple outbuildings. The exa- men of the monetary type allows us to recognize born that this pillar-fountain was equipped, with mid-height, a small hand pump and of a handle which, sometimes, on parts vintage posterior, affect the shape of a double lion protome ©. This guy of the pillar-fountain indeed seems quite frenetic ment on the Argos bronzes of the 11th century and n° centuries. Drachmas of the same series (nos. 625 to 627) have as their type the Argive hero Dio- Mede who stole the Palladium from the headquarters of Troy. The swan that accompanies him (p. 627) indicates that the hero, in his trait of Dacian, was protected by Apollo whose swan was the favorite bird. Diomedes removing the Palladium must have been the theme of a work sculptural also executed, if not by Poly- key, at least in some way artist of same time; it is in any case, LIKE the head of the Hera of Polycleitos, one of the subjects the most popular in ancient art and it has been reproduced to satiety, notably on engraved stones, until under the empire Roman. It is to Heydemann that we owe the explanation tion of the lritartemorion type (No. 630 and 631) in which we wanted to see, formerly, a plow, a bent spindle or other tool thing again. It is the sacred key of He- reason ornate knotted cords with terminal glands?. A cordelte ana- 5. Eustathius, ad Odyss., 1141, 10. Cf. Ch. Walds- tein, The Haereum, t. 1, p. 18. 6. Brit. Mus. Cat. Peloponn., pl. XXVIHH, 8. 1. Ileydemann, Zeit. für Num., t. ll, p. 113-122: Phidias had carved a famous statue of Athena who held keys, like Saint Peter, hence his name of AthenaKheGoüyos; these were the keys of i'A= cropole. Pliny, Hist. nal., XXXIV, 19, 5; cf. Beulé, Coins of Athens, p. 3817.

465 logue sees himself in the hands of the Hera of Sa- mos, to the gills of the tuna in Cyzicus, to the victims times prepared for sacrifice, which attests to their sacred character. This key, he must also be recognized, according to us, under the claws of the wolf who is thus cons- lituated the guardian of the Heraion (n° 605 and following.). We Suspect, in these Lypes monetary, the interpretation of a legend whose literary memory is not to us arrived. On the same piece (n°630 and 631) the three letters T T T are the mark of value of the triple tartemorion or 3/4 of an obol. This th brand is found in Cranion (Cé- phallenia), at Mantinea, at Elis, at Delphi, at hurion!. The emission of the beautiful staters at the head of Hera undergoes, like the very introduction of the lype, the contrc-Coup of events policies; it had to be successively 633 “, These iron currencies, without intrinsic value that, present themselves as pieces exceptional, obsidional. Can be re- did they have until the time of the experiment? ilion of Epaminondas and the Thebans in Peloponnese in 370. According to some DJ. Lambros, Zeit. :Diod. Sic., XV, 58. Tone IV, für Num., t. 11, p.116. ARGOLIDE — ARGOS 466 suspended, then resumed several times. In 418, at the battle of Mantinea, the Argives and their allies were crushed by the Lacedaemonians and Argos suffer again the Lyrannic alliance of Sparta. Later, according to the fortune of arms, Argos re- turns to the Athenian alliance, then to the al- Lacedaemonian alliance. In 362, the Argives throw themselves into the arms of the Thebans against Sparta, and around this time a revolution terrible outbreak in Argos even between the par- political list: 12 or 15,000 citizens, it is said, found him dead there? It is probably on this occasion that definitively ceased the broadcast of fine Slalerae with the head of Hera. For a long time time from that time until the death of Alexander the Great, Argos appears having only minted divi- Zionaries of silver and bronzes. 633. — Protome of a wolf on the right, paws forward. Bz. The letter A occupying the entire field. Iron coin, oxidized, 24 mill. Weight, 8 gr. 81 (P) PL. COXV, fig. 28. — The letter A occupying the entire field. B. The letter R occupying the entire field. Iron coin, 14 mill. Weight, 2 gr. 99 (B)j”. radilions of antiquity, several cities Greeks would have had the strange idea, in critical circumstances of their history, to resort to the coinage of iron. We we will only recall the traditions relating lives at the primitive rehavoo of the Lacedaemonians 3. K. Regling, Journ. int. of arch. num., t, 1913, p. 77 (fig.). 30

167 and the so-called iron coins of By- zance and Clazomène. In the Pelopon- nese, we found some other coins ARGOLIDE — ARGOS 468 of iron which appear to bear the initial of Phlionte or the names of Tegea and Heraea in Arcadia *. 3. — Coins minted from approximately 343 to 280. After bloody disturbances, in the details of which we do not have to enter, Philip of Macedonia, father of Alexander, declared himself the protector of Argos, of Elis, of Messinia and Arcadia ?. It is towards this time that we can start in Argos the issuance of small silver coins if abundant whose types are a remi- niscence of primitive currencies to the pro- tomé de loup, and on the reverse of the A, inilial of the name of Argos; much more, and by affect- tion of archaism, this big girl is inscribed in a flat hollow square *. This my- waterlogging which develops especially after the Lamiac War in 322 and during Lut 1st century consists of drachmas of weight Rhodian, 2 gr. 80 to 2 gr. 45, which can will also go on the market for Attic tetroboles or Aegean trioboles ticks whose initial normal weight is 2 gr. 90. Hence their diffusion and their popus, larity. 634. — Protome of a wolf on the right, its mouth gaping, its two paws extended. Be. The letter A occupying the entire field; on each side of the tip of the letter a small hollow square and the letters A — 1; under the alpha crossbar, a crown. Concave field. Æ15; tetrobole alt. or rhod. drachma, 2 gr. 76 (P) PI. CCXVI, fig. 1. 633. — Same right. B. The letter A occupying the entire field; top, d—A; under the alpha's crossbar, a club lying down. Hollow square. ZR15; tetrob. att., 2 gr. 23 (Luynes) PA CCXVI, fig. 2. 636. — Varieties: under the crosspiece of the alpha, a horse's head on the right, 2 gr. 22 (P) PL COXVI, fig. 8; — other, 2 gr. 10 TO 2) SAY 637. — Varieties: above, N—1 (without symbol), 2 gr. 56 (BE 1. See our Trailé. 1st Part. Theory and doctrine t. 1, p. 374; cf. Percy Gardner, Cut. Peloponn., p. xivr and Liu; J.-A. Blanchet, Journ. int. of arch. numism., t. X, p. 269; Svoronos, Journ. int. of arch. NE CN M O1 2 D ETS TE 3 2. E. Curtius, Hist. Greek, t. V, p. 318. 3. It should be noted that a flat hollow square and logue was given later, from 189, to! drachmas of Rhodes and the cities of the Confederacy Lycian tion. 4. Brit. Mus. Cat. Pelop., p. 142, no. 83.

469 ARGOLIDE — ARGOS 470 638: = Wolf's head on the left, mouth open B. The letter A occupying the entire field; crescent branches. Hollow square. 2K 15; Attic tetrobole, 2 gr. 65 (PEPl:;CCXVT, fig. 4. 639. — Same right. B. The letter A; above, To — P: lying down. Hollow square. 2 gr. 70 (P) PL CCXVI, fig. 5. 640. — Varieties. On the upside, A-P and croissant, 2 gr. 65 (P) PI CCXVI, fig. 6. — N-1 and croissant, 2 gr. 18 (P) PI. CCXVI, fig. 7. — N-1 and ivy leaf, 2 gr. 60 (P). — N-J and club (L). — pet Helmet (L). — -A and club (L). — Without a letter, . bipenne, 2 gr. 58 (?) PI. CCXVI, fig. 8; 2 gr. 70 NOTEBOOK triskele, branches in croissants, 2 gr, 72 (P) PL CCXVI, fig. 9. — np, dolphin and club, rounded _ right or left, 2 gr. 52; 9 gr. 60 (P) PI. CCXVI, fig. 10.— npet club, 2 gr. 38 (2). — n-Y and bird perched on a harp, 2 gr. 50 (P) PL. COX VI, fig. 11. — ®-A and eagle perched on the key of the temple of Hera, 2 gr. 52 (FY PL CCOXVE hp 19 — ZEY ch eagle perched on the FH sign, 2 gr. 35 (P, L) PI. CCXVI, fig. 13. — ZEY and massüe, 2 gr. 35 (P, L). o , ante, both legs forward. under the crosspiece, a triskele, the below, club 641. — Variety: above the wolf protome, the letter z. BR. the same, with P-P and club, 2 gr. 44 {P). Above the wolf protome, © BR. with A-E and 2 gr. 50 (2) PI. CCXVI, fig. 14; — 9 gr. 48 (L)1, 64 eagle perched on a harp, 2. — Same right. B. With ff el eagle perched on the harp, 2 gr. 50 (PSE 643. — Variety: in front of the wolf protome, the letter A. Be. The letter A covering the entire field; above the apex of this letter, two small hollow squares, in which are the letters A°l; on either side of a letter, A-1: under the crosspiece, a rooster on the right. All in a hollow square. KR 15; tetrob, att., 2 gr. 72 (L) PL. CCXVI, fig. 15:. +644. — Wolf head, gaping mouth, right. - BR. The letter A in a hollow square; on each side of the tip of the letter, r—P; underneath, a club. Hollow square. é 2K 11; Egin. obol, 0 gr. 76 (P) PL COXVI, fig. 16; — other, 0 gr: 82 The 1. Brit. Mus. Pelop., p. 140, no. 54, pl. XX VII, 17. dl: Brit. Mus. Cat. Pelop., p. 141, no. G1. 2. Brit. Mus. Pelop., p. 142, no. 81, P. XX VII, 19. 3. Brit. Mus. Pelop., p. 141, no. 56, pl. XX VII, 18. 4. Brit. Mus. Cat. Pelop., P. 143, no. 93,

F2 471 ARGOLIDE — ARGOS 472 643. — Variety, in law, Zl. Be: N-l; Ogr. 75 (L) Pl CCXVI, fig. 17:. 646, — Variety, with the wolf's head on the left; above, 1. Rz. The letter A with M-l and club. Æ 11: egin. obol, 0 gr. 78 (P) PI. CCXVI, fig. 18. 647. — Other varieties: BL. A-E (L, P). —BR. Crescent el A-A (L). —- To the right, @. BR. Lightning and A-E (L). — To the right, ©. B&. Lightning and PY (L). — On the right, x: RL. Club and MP (L). 648. — Wolf on the left, stopped, tail drawn between the legs; au- above, the symbol E. B. [A] — PI. Corinthian helmet on the left. Æ12; obol, 0 gr. 99 (P) Pl. COXVI, fig. 19: — 1 gr. 07.0 gr. 84 (L)”. / 649. — Same description, with P—Y. Æ12; obole egin., { gr. 08 (P) PL. CCXVI. fig. 20. 630. — Variety; above the wolf, @. BL. A—P and PY. Corinthian helmet at 8. Æ 12, egin. obol, 0 gr. 97; 1 gr. 16(L)*. 651. — Variety. B. the same, with ATP and A-E (LE) *. 632. — Head of Hera on the left, surmounted by the stephanos. B. The letter A occupying the entire field; underneath, a lying club. Æ12; (L) PL COXVI, fig. 21 to 633. — Wolf head, gaping mouth, left. BR. The letter A occupying the entire field; below, the sign B Æ13; (P) PL COXVI, fig. 22; — other (L) * 654. — Varieties of symbols: Under the letter À: Small altar (L). — Helmet (P} PI. CCXVI, fig. 23. — Club (L\. — Bucrane (1. — Bucrane and AJ (L). — Helmet e KK (2) 7. 655. — Laureate head of Apollo, right. A.Brit. Mus. Pelop., p. 143, no. 91, pl. XXVII, 21. 5. Brit. Mus. Pelop.. P. 140, n° 52, pl. XXVIT, A 2. Brit. Mus., p. 142, nos. 84 and 85, pl. XXVII, 20. 6. Brit. Mus. Pelop., P. 143, no. 97. 3. Brit. Mus. Pelop., p. 143, n°5 86 and 87. 7. Brit. Mus. Pelop., P. 144, nos. 103 and 105. 4. Brit. Mus. Pelop., p. 143, no. 88.

473 ARGOLIDE — ARGOS B. The letter A occupying the entire field: below, the harp. Æ 13 (P) PL COXVI, fig. 24. It was formerly attributed to the city of Thy- rea the parts whose type is the sign because we thought we recognized a {heta having retained its primitive form. Mr. Imhoot- Blumer demonstrated that all mon- nais which have the sign H, as type or as an accessory symbol, are from Argos!. These currencies are very far apart of others and they form, so much to the point from a chronological point of view than from the point of view weight and metal, a certain number of very distinct groups. 1. Attic tetroboles (egin. triob.), from 2 gr. 80 to 2 gr. 45, which have the H in symbol (No. 640, variety). 2. Aeginetic obols, of 1 gr.10 at 0 gr.95, with the H in symbol (n° 648). 3. Hemioboles, 0 gr. 55 to O gr. 40, which have for type the sign H (n° 611 to 612 to). 4. Tartemorions, 0 gr. 24 approximately, whose type is the sign A (n° 6120 and 612 c). 5. Late period bronze pieces, various types (heads of wolves, of Hera, of Apol- lon, of Zeus), which have the sign H in sym- -bole in the field of the reverse; these bronzes are of very different weights and modules “No. 653)?. From this enumeration alone, it results “that the interpretation of the sign H as old form of the letter heta, meaning “hemiobolus is impossible in most cases. We could only admit it on the silver coins which, from the point of view 1. Numism. Zeilsch. from Vienna, t. III, 1872, 391; t. IX, 1877, p. 49. “2. Imhoof-Blumer, Num. Zeit., t. IX, 1877, p. 32. weight, are indeed hernioboles; but then, we must believe that this sign H, on the coins of Argos, has two different meanings. Perhaps it is better to recognize a religious symbol similar to the key sacred that we let's find it on others parts and relating to the same legend: Mr. Head suggests seeing the initial of the name there of the goddess Hera or the games ‘Hoxa, celebrated bred in his honor?. In this case, this letter which became in some way an em- heraldic emblem, would be compared to the 9 (koppa) coins from Corinth; to F (digamma) currencies of Elis; to AA (sigma) of the coins of Sicyon. In support of this opinion, Mr. Head cites an insertion Dedicatory lion, noted on a fragment archaic vase found on the ruins same of Heraion of Argos and who is thus known: TAAA HEPAMA EINI (zä< "Ho reum) * If the issue of these fine silver coins gent and bronze begins around 343, it extend long into the third century; we only recorded the series here the oldest. In those of the n° century the name of magistrate generally appears in all letters. This coinage even seems to have continued at the same time as that coins of the Achaean League including the beginning, in Argos, is placed in 229 BC. AD In this long period of his his- tory, Argos was directly involved to events that troubled Greece. Pyr- 3. Hist. numer., p. 437: cf. Percy Gardner, Calal. Peloponnesus, Introd., p. Lv. 4. Waldstein, The Argive Heraeum, vol. 1, p. 224. A

475 rhus in particular wanted to seize it by 279, thanks to the complicity of the tyrant Aristeas, and we know that the king of Epirus was killed during as he entered the streets of the city. It was proposed to recognize the names of Aristeas and Pyrrhus on those of ARGOLID — TIRYNTHE 476 coins described above which carry the initials AP or API and ny or the mono- gram composed of TTYP. But these pieces appear, everything good considered, of a significantly earlier period. $III. Tiryns. (the Aliens of the Hermioneide). Ancient Tiryns se found at a short distance southeast of Argos, at the bottom of the Gulf of Argolis, near the modern Nafplio. Famous in ancient times ques and also today by the astonishing results of the excavations that Schliemann carried out twitched on his location to talk about 1884, it had fallen well short of its former splendor in historical times. Also did not there are no coins, although we still acknowledges its existence in the first third of the 5th century. In 468, the Argives, as we have told, rushed on Tiryns that they destroyed thus that Mycenae and Mideia, taking the inhabitants of these cities in their city of which they increased- thus the political importance *. However, part of the population of ancient Tiryns don't did not stay long time in Argos. As soon as they could, no doubt, the exiles fled and went take refuge at the entrance to the Gulf of Argos, on Hermione's territory. There they established fisheries, hence the name that received their new city, ‘Au; they were designated also under the significant name of ‘Altsïs, 0! 2 Tiouwdos 2; but they always called each other themselves Tirynthians. This new Tiryns became quite flo- laughing to be able to open a workshop monetary, otherwise from the time of the inter- vention of Epaminondas in Arcadia in 370, at least around the middle of the 15th century, in same time as Epidaurus and Hermione. Tirynthe-les-Pêcheries then struck the following currencies : s 656. — Head of a nymph to the right, surrounded by a headband, braided hair on the back of the neck. BR. Without leg. Harpè and club in a wreath of parsley. Æ16; triob. egin., 2 gr. 40 (Ath.) PL COXVI, fig. 25; — other 2 gr. #1 (L); 2gr. 60: 2gr.:32 (B)°. 4. Pausanias, II, 25.1; VIII, 27, 1; cf. Svoronos, Journal int. of arch. numism., t. X, 1907, p. 13. 2. J. Svoronos, Journal int. of arch. numism., t. X, 1907, p. 5 et seq.; H. Head, Hist. numer., p. 443. 3. Jean Lombros, Peloponnesos, pl. IB, 5; Brit. Mus. Pelop., p. 140, no. 47, pl. XX VIT, 14; Svoronos, Journal int. of arch. num., t. X, 1907, p. 5, no. 1, pl. II, 1 to 4. Until this study by Mr. Svoronos, the anepigraph coins (nos. 656 to 658) were classified in Argos. The obolus of the same types (n° 659), with the legend TIPYNOIQN, justifies the new . classification. |

477 ARGOLID == TIRYNTHE 478 657. — Bearded head of Heracles wearing lion skin, right. Re. Club between two stars. R 13; Egin. obol, 0 gr. 94 0 gr. 91(B); 0 gr. 90 (L)!. (Ath.) PL CCXVI, fig. 26; — other ex.. 658. — Same bearded head of Heracles, left. &. Club. 2 11; Egin. obol, 0 gr. 95 (Ath.) PL CCXVI, fig. 27: — 0) sr JONB 659. — Same right. BL. TIPYNOION. Club. ZR 11; Egin. obol, 0 gr. 78. PL. CCXVI, fig. 28:. 660. — Bearded head of Heracles wearing lion skin, right, BR. T-1. Palm. Hollow area of ​​elliptical shape. Æ19; (B) PL COXVI, fig. 29: —_ other cr At TO FROM 661. — Laureate head of Apollo left, long hair; in front of the neck, A. B. T—I. Palm tree between a lyre and a bunch of grapes. Æ16; (Ath) PL CCXVI, fig. 30; other LT" 662. — Laureate head of Apollo right, hair curled. R. TI—RV. Palm tree. Æ14; (P) PL CCXVI, fig. 31,; — other ex., (L). 663. — Variety, with TIRVN (Aëh.) 5. 66%. — Variety, with TIPVNOION (P) L, Pozzi) PL CCXVI, fig. 33°. PL CCXVI, fig. 82; — others, (B, 665. — Variety, with TI; sometimes in the field, Drunk, amphora, shell, Æ143, 1. Svoronos, Loc. eyelashes, p. 6, no. 2, pl. IE, 5, 6, 7. 2. Svoronos, loc. cil., no. 3, pl. 11, 8. 3. Svoronos, Loc. eyelashes, p. 6, no. 4, pl. 11.9 (in the commerce). 4. Br. Mus. Cat. Peloponn., p. 164, no. 1, Pl XXX, 14: cf. Courtois, Rev. num., 1865. p. 153; Svoronos, loc. cit., p. 1, no, pl. IT, 10 and 11. 5. Br. Mus., Pelop., p. 164, no. 2, DL XXX, 15; Svoronos, loc. eyelashes, p. 4, no. 6, pl. LI, 12 and 13. 6. On a copy of this kind, the Duke of 666. — Variety, with the head of Apollo on the left. Æ11*. Luynes had once believed read KYNTI (Kunti- nion). Annali del’Inst. arch. di Roma, 1841, t. XIII, p. 139; Rud. Weil, Zeit. for Num., t. |, 1874, p. 217ett. 11, p. 87; Svoronos, loc. cil., p.9, no. 45, and 16, pl. II, 26 to 31. 7. Brit. Mus., n°3 to 5, pl. XXX, 16; cf. Courteous, Rev. Num., 1864, p. 178; Svoronos, p. 11, no. 20; pl. 32 to 31. 8. Svoronos, op. eyelashes, p. 8. 9. Svoronos, op. cil., p.12, no. 24, pl. II, 38,

479 By publishing, in 1864, the first mon- nays which have been legitimately attributed in Tiryns, M. de Courtois reported a discovery of these pieces in May 1865, not far from Caslri, ancient Hermione *. Mr. Svoronos confirmed these indications citing news finds do in the same area. This is where found the fisheries (‘Akueï) which recovered return the exiles of Tiryns. Herodotus *, Stephen of Byzantium and other lexicogra- phes formally attest it Hoi uahsixo Where moërsov ‘Alu; and elsewhere ‘Adueïe, mode ‘Aoyohiuns…. Tiguvrot £iqt to — “Arte But on the coins they minted per in their new city, the Tirynthians still keep their ancient name of Ti- rhythm which reminded them of their memories nirs and these are the old myths of Tiryns which they have engraved on their corners. Indeed, the head of Heracles relates to the primitive legends according to which Heracles, in the service of the king of Tiryns Eurystheus, undertook his twelve labors on the orders of this prince. The myth of Heracles is from Tiryns. The harp of Perseus justifies himself, next to the club of He- racles, by the important role played by Per- seated in the primitive legends of Argo- lide; we saw the cenotaph of Perseus on th , Fi where êx Tro5vôos 5. 1.Rev. num., 1864, p. 178. 2. Herodotus, VII, 137. 3. Cf. Svoronos, Journ. intl. of arch. num., L. 1907, p. 20. It should be noted that Schliemann, in his excavations on the site of the ancient ARGOLID — TIRYNTHE 480 the side of the road which led from Argos to Mycenae’. The coin palm of Tiryothe as well as the head of Apollo recall the legend according to which Latona put to world Apollo and Artemis at the foot of a pal- mier. This tree is growing today still, in abundance on the edges of the gulf from Nafplio. It is not while the news Tiryns was under the yoke of Argos which she was able to mint money; it is obvious that his coins attest to its autonomy and its independence from the Argives. But if we refer to monetary types, this autonomy seems to have been only intermittent and occasional. I don't think not that we can trace the first first coins of new Tiryns until the war which broke out in 394 between Sparta, Argos and Corinth associated. To that occasion, the Lacedaemonians invaded Argolis and established not far from Argos, perhaps at “Tirynthe les Pêcheries”, a fortified post which had the mission of maintaining the Argives in respect °. It is rather the intervention of the Béoliens in the Peloponnese, after 374, which determined mina the opening of the workshop of the new Tiryns. Get Alelier was closed without re- tower towards the end of the 1st century. Tiryns, has not found a single coin of the New Tiryns. 4. Pausanias, II, 16 to 18. 5. E. Curtius, Hist. Greek, t. IV, p. 283.

481 ARGOLIDE — CLÉONES $IV. — Cleones. The city of Cleones (Kkswvz!) was located located on the road from Argos to Corinth, no far from Mycenae and the sources of the Lan- frost that pours its torrential waters in the Gulf of Corinth. According to the law genre, it was founded by Cleonée, daughter of Pelops or Cleone, daughter of the river god Aso- pos *. In the division of the Peloponnese by the Dorians, Cleones was included in the lot of Temenos and thus became one of the cities federated under the hegemony of Argos. The Nemean games were celebrated on its turf. riloire, in the Nemean bocage. Heracles killed Eurytos and Cleatos, the sons of Actor, son of Phorbas, near Cleones, and a time ple was erected to the winner in memory of this feat?; from there, the head of Heracles on the oldest coins of Cleones. These currencies begin after the destruction from Mycenae by the Argives in 468. 667. — Hairless head of Heracles wearing a lion's skin, left. A. The letter K in a hollow square; behind the letter, a shaped step triangle or semicircle. 2 10; ob. egin., O gr. 97; 1 gr. 01 (P) PL COXVII, fig. 1and2;:—1gold. (AND 668. — Variety; less old style, 0 gr. 88 (P) PI. CCXVII, fig. 3. 669. — Variety, with the head of Heracles on the right. 2R 10; Egin. obol, 0 gr. 78 (L) PL COXVIL, fig. 4:. 670. — Lion's head, left. B. The letter K in a square CEUX, ÆR 9; hemiobolus egin., 0 gr. 48 (L) PL CCXVIL, fig. 5'; — other ex. (P) Pl. COXVII, fig. 6. The hollow square of previous currencies is copied from that of the coins of Argos to the type of the wolf; behind the K, there is times, on each side of the step, two small hollow recesses similar to those which, at Argos, are on either side of the apex of the A. Finally, sometimes the side branches 1. Pausanias, II, 15, 1. 2. Pausan., V, 2, 1: Pindar, Olymp., X, 36; Diod. Sic., IV, 33; Head, Hist. numer., p. 440. 3. Brit. Mus. Cat. Pelop., p. 154, nos. 1 to 5, Volume IV. rales of the kappa, are a little curved, in this form: k. Strabo tells us that the Cleonians, around 468, helped the Argives destroy Tiryns and Mycenae 5: their autonomy politics manifests itself by the currencies that we have just described. But Cleones pl. XXIX, 1 and 2. 4. Brit. Mus., Pelop., p. 154, no. 6, pl. XXIX, 3. 5 Brit. Mus., Pelop., p. 154, no. 7, pl. XXIX, 4. 6. Strabo, VIII, 6, 19. 31

483 soon felt it weighing down on her the heavy hand of the Argives; she fell under their complete dependence ! and lives remove his currency rights. ARGOLID — EPIDAURUS 48% Cleones should not regain your independence political leaning and reopen his workshop that after Alexander the Great, to strike the following currencies? Coins minted towards the end of the 15th century. 671. — Hairless head of Heracles wearing a lion's skin, right. BL. KA | EQ, in a crown of parsley. Æ14; (Pozzi) PL. COXVII, fig. 7. 672. — Laureate head of Asclepius (?) on the right. BL. KA and club, in a crown of parsley. Æ19; (L) PI. COXVIT, fig. 8°. 613. — Head of Hera, right, hair in a bun. B.KAE. Wolf stopped, right. Æ16; (P)PI. CCXVII, fig. 9. This poor coinage was short-lived. created and ceased under Macedonian domination nienne, to return only to the time of the Achaean League, in 229, when Aratus took away from the Argives the honor of the presidency o Epidaurus, so famous for its sanctuary of Asclepius, has no coins before the mid-14th century. However, it was a very old city. Built on a promontory advanced of the coast of Argolis, in face from Aegina, it was, in primitive times, one of the most flourishing towns of Pe- Loponnese, dominating Aegina, colonizing Cos and other islands on the coast of Asia Minor. But it lost its commercial importance 1. Thucyd., V, 61: 2, Percy Gardner, Peloponn., Introd., p. Read. The coins with the KAH legend, which were attributed ence of the Nemean Games to confer it to the Cleonians. The coins of Cleones then carry the legend KAEQNAION, sometimes abbreviated. $ V. — Epidaurus. cial as that of Aegina grows favored by King Phidon. During their history, the Epidaurians allied themselves with the Lacedaemonians, in turn against the Argives, the Aeginetans, the Athenians, later, against the Thebans *. But she did not yet have a monetary workshop. The first pieces of Epidaurus are not not earlier than the middle of the 15th century. formerly in Cleones, are from Cleitor, in Arcadia. 3. B. Head, Hist. num., p. 441. 4. See in particular Herodotus, V, 82 et seq.

485 ARGOLID — EPIDAURUS 486 1. — From approximately 350 to 323 BC. AD 674. — Laureate and bearded head of Asclepius, left. B.. The monogram E' in a laurel wreath. 2R 16; hemidr. egin., 2 gr. 50 (P) PL CCXVIIL fig. 10; — other ex., 2 gr. 50; 2gr. 34 (L)!. 675. — Same description. R 13; 2 gr. 37 (Luynes) PL. COXVI, fig. 11. 676. — Laureate head of Apollo, right. BL. The letter E, in a laurel wreath. Æ11; obol e.g., 0 gr. 78 (P) PI. CCXVIL, fig. 12: — 0) gr. 86; 0 gr. 75 (L) ?. \ 677. — Variety, with the head of Apollo on the left. (Pozzi) PL. CCXVII, fig. 18. 678. — The letter E occupying the entire field. B. The letter F occupying the entire field. 2 6; égin. tetartemorion, 0 gr. 22 (L) PL. CCXVII, fig. 14°. The two letters E and M" must be associated; they form the initials of name of Epidaurus; in Phlionte, in Aegion el elsewhere still, the name of the city is even split into two parts, the donkey right, the other on the reverse. As for the mono- gram E1 placed in a crown of laurel or olive tree, it recalls the mono- gram in a crown of ears, on contemporary Hermione coins; so also we see in a crown, the monogram ME in Méthana, the letters ZE or ZI in Sicyone, the letter D in Phlionte, etc. This provision, which seems to have its origin in Sicyone, begins to be a fashion in Argolis and in the neighboring countries sines around the middle of the 15th century. 679. — Laureate head of Apollo Maleatas, right, with long hair on the neck. Re. The letter E in the field on the right. Bearded Asclepius, laureate, seated left on a backless throne; he has a bare torso, his legs draped: from the left hand he leans on a long knotted scepter and he extends his right hand 1. Brit. Mus.' Cat. Pelop., p. 156, nos. 1 and 2, pl. XXIX, 11. 2. Brit. M. Pelop., p. 156, nos. 3 to 5, pl. XXIX, 12. 3. Brit. Mus., Pelop., p. 156, No. 6, pl. XXIX, 13.

487 ARGOLID — EPIDAURUS 488 on the head of a coiled serpent which stands before him; under the throne, a lying dog and the lelters @E. Æ20; Attic drachma, 4 gr. 49 (P) PI CCXVIL, fig. 15; — 3 gr. 95 (L)'. 680. — Variety, without the letter E on the reverse (?) (Pozzi) PL COXVIT, fig. 16. / 681. — Laureate head of Asclepius, right. B. The letter E in the field on the right. Asclepius seated left, with his snake, as above; under the throne, a dog lying. ÆR 21: Aeginelic drachma, 5 gr. 52 (P) PL CCXVII, fig. 17; — other e.g. filled, 5 gr. 32 (L) PL CCXVII, fig. 18°. The style of the drachmas (nos. 679 to 681) is most remarkable. The head of Apollo Maleatas must be breeding the head of the cult statue which was found in the temple of Mount Cynortion that vi- sila Pausanias%. As for the type of Asclé- pios, on the reverse, it is the image of a work famous sculptural: the chrysele statue phantine of Asclepius which was executed for Epidaurus by Thrasymedes of Paros, circa the middle of the 15th century. Pausanias describes it: “The statue of Asclepius, he said, is less half as big as Olympian Zeus from Athens. She's all gold and ivory and we see, by the inscription which accompanies it loincloth, that she was executed by Thrasy- Medes, son of Arignotos and native of Paros. The god sits on a throne; he is holding a stick with one hand and with the other touches the head of a snake; a dog is lying near him. On his throne the sculptor represented the most memorable exploits Argive heroes, such as the fight of 4. Brit. Mus. Cat. Peloponnesus, p. 156, no. 7, pl. XXIX, 14; other ex. in Munich. 2. Jean Lambros, ‘Avxyoaxph Tv Noutsuitwv This Heshomovvioou (1891, in-80\, p. 100, and pl. 1B, 15; Wroth, Num. Chrono., 1892, p. 14, n° 22 et pl. I, 47. Bellerophon against the Chimera and Perseus cutting off the head of Medusa. The example of Asclepius at Epidaurus was built between 380 and 375; from there it results that the statue commissioned to adorn it, is a slightly posterior. The sculptor Thra- symedes is qualified by Mr. Collignon of “retarded imitator” of Phidias *. In his excavations at Epidaurus, Mr. Cawadias found a dedication to Apollo and As- clepios, the two deities associated on our currencies; this dedication bears the signature of Thrasymedes%. The statue of Asclepius, became very popular because of the healing sounds made in the sanctuary of Epidaurus, was the subject of replies and incessant imitations; it is among the most common types nelars of a very large number of cities until Roman times. The healing dog and snake who are the attributes of Asclepius, recall the legend of the god of Epidaurus. Coronis having gave birth to Asclepius, exposed him on the mount 3. Pausanias, II, 27, 71. 4. M. Collignon, Hist. Greek sculpture, t. 11, p. 185. 5. Collignon, loc. cit.

489 Murgion or on Mount Tiltheion, where he was suckled by a goat, while the dog of the herd watched to protect him!. The dogs from the temple of Epidaurus filled, on the other hand, a more popular role than the one vigilant guardians: they heal Know by licking the wounds of the sick, as evidenced by the stelae discovered at Epidaurus by M. Cawadias in 1882?. These stelae also show us that the ser- pent contributed in the same way to cures miraculous of the god. According to Pausanias and Aelian, there was at Epidaurus a species par- particular number of dodkovres dedicated to Asclepius t whose bite was not venomous? . We must now draw attention on drachma no. 681, at another point of eu. That of Paris (HEMCCE VIT. fig. 17) E.. some doubt because of the elm of the flan, its manufacture and its as- etc. That of the British Museum which has better their appearance it is not from the same corner, is mash. The law guy, if we look at these pieces like good, give the reproduction ARGOLID — EPIDAURUS 490 duction of the head of the statue of Thrasy- Medes. As for the reverse, he is the same as that of the drachmas (n° 679, 680) at the head of Apollo Maleatas: only, the dog under the throne of Asclepius, is informs as if the engraver had not known exactly lies what he copied, Finally, while the drachmas n°* 679 and 680 follow the standard at- tick, those we incriminate (n° 681) are layed according to the eginetic system very weakened. These are observations which con- tend to make people suspect its authenticity. The Attic standard of drachmas No. 679, 680, is explained by political events ques from which Epidaurus suffered the repercussions after the death of Alexander the Great, in 323, Epidaurus, at the instigation of Demosthenes, threw himself, with Argos, Sicyone, Phlionte, Elis and others cities of the Peloponnese, in the alliance of Athens against the king of Macé- doine Antipater #, It was likely- ment on the occasion of this alliance and the preparations for the Lamian war that these drachmas were minted. 2. — Bronzes struck from approximately 323 to 300. 682. — Laureate head of Asclepius, right. BL. E'. Epione, wife of Asclepius, standing left, dressed in a chiton laire, advancing to the left, holding a hook in his left hand which she pours a liquid with her right hand, In the field on the right, a ntouse (7:xûx), . Pausanias, IT, 26, 4; cf. B. Head, Hist. num., 441. . On the role of healing dogs, see: Ca- dias, Esñpepts doyxon., 1883, p. 199 et seq. £ L. Reinach and H. Gaidoz, Rev. archaeol., 1884, I, 117, 130 and 217; Clermont-Ganneau, Review cri- eu of December 15, 1884, p. 502 and Mixtures rcheol. oriental, t. 1, p. 235; Rev. archaeol., 1885, I, p. 93; D" Vercoutre, Rev. archéol., 1886, 1, p. 108. Statuettes of dogs have sometimes been found among the ex-votos of the Greek Asclepieia. J.Martha, Catal. of the Soc. arch. from Athens, nos {70 and 171. 3. Pausanias, 11, 28; Elien, De nat. animal. VIII, 12; M. Besnier, The Liberine Island in Rome, p. 168. 4. H. Droysen, Hist. from Hellen., t. II, p. 51 and 302.

ARGOLID 491 — METHANA 492 Æ19; (Pozzi) PL. CCXVILI, fig. 19; — other ex. (L) PL CCXVILI, fig. 20:. _ 683. — Varieties, with monograms. (P, L)'PI COXVII, fig. 21 and 22°. 684. — Laureate head of Apollo Maleatas, right. BL. E' in a laurel wreath. Æ15; (P) PL CCXVIT, fig. 23. 683. — Laureate head of Apollo on the left. B: E in a laurel wreath Æ 143; (Pozä) PL CCXVII, fig. 24. 686. — Laureate and bearded head of Asclepius, right. Æ 14; (P)PI. CCXVILI, fig. 25; — another ex. ET at 687. — Same right. RE in a the We [EU | Æ To 2; (Pozzi) PI. CCXVII, fig. 26. . Epione was, in the old legends Greeks, the wife of Aselepios and Epidaurus we see his statue next to that of the god. Hygie, of Egyptian origin, the more ordinary of Asclepius, was not introduced to Epidaurus than at the time of the Antonines *. The gesture of the goddess surely relates to & VI. + On the Saronic Gulf, between Epidaurus and Calaurie, the Argolis peninsula forms itself another smaller peninsula which extends, so to speak, its hand to the island 41. Jean Lambros, Peloponnesos (in Greek), p. 100 and pl. 1B, 16; Brit. Mus. Cat. Pelop., p. 157, no. 12. 2 Brit. Mus. Cat. Pelop., p. 151, n° 8 to 15, pl. XXIX, 15 and 16. 3. Brit. Mus. Cat. Pelop., p. 1517, n° 16 to 21, pl. XXIX. 11. 4, Pausanias, IT, 27, 6. 8. Cat. Pelop., p, 151; Svoronos, in the Journ. —Methana. instead of the suction cup: A, E, N<, laurel wreath; under the crown its auxiliary role in healing operated by Asclepius. The sucker (om which recalls the healing role of the god, £ meeting not only on currencies of Epidaurus, but also on those of Aegia in the island of Amorgos © and Atrax in The dirty. from Aegina. It is in a cove of this point rocky and volcanic, on its o@t coast dental, that the pet was snuggled up town of Methana; she is called +à Méd: int. of archaeol. numism., t. IV, 1901, p. 10. 6. Paul Lambros, Noutoudta Tñs Nnoov ’AULOp} etc. (in-4°, Athens, 1810). On li's sucker ar see Paul Lambros, Bull. corr. hell., (1871), p. 216-219. For his part, Doctor Const Tin Lambros devoted a year to the suction cup archaeological very complete (in Greek, Ather in-4, 1891). ,

4] 193 ARGOLID ar Pausanias and Strabo who use ünsi the Dorian form of the name, while other authors designate it in the form llic or Ionian and say M:lwvn, or even Meôrvyn. We must be careful not to confuse Methana 'Argolide with Msdyr or Mobsyn of Messé- ie, or even Mebwvr of Macedonia, cities yes, all of them have currencies. The dislinc- we is, moreover, difficult to establish — TREZENE 494 less between the two cities of Argolis and Messinia whose monetary types have a singular analogy f, In Methana of Argolis, there were thermal springs, and the region was prone to volcanic eruptions. This explains the Lype of Hephaestus on coins. The oldest of these pieces are hardly prior to the time of Alexander the Great. 688. — Bearded head of Hephaestus, wearing a conical pilos, right. . The monogram M in a crown of ears. LÆ 16; (L) PL COXVIL, fig. 27 -689. — Bearded head of Heph aes{bone topped with conical pilos, right. ME | | Be. © in a crown of ears. Æ15; (P, L) PI CCXVII, fig. 28 and 29 “at The issue of these bronzes seems to have d short time. Pausanias and Strabo caused an earthquake and a rible volcanic eruption which took place n the region of Methana in the time of An- one Gonatas (277-239), It is perhaps this phenomenon, who by ruining Methana put immeasurably fine with its coinage. He rézène (Toobry) was at the foot of the mountain rbantion, at the southeastern tip of Argo- » near Cape Scyllaion and -of Calaurie, Enter Hermione and Me- a. It is on its territory that, according to legend, Poseidon and Athena had a See below, to Molhoné of Messinia. Brit. Mus. That. Peloponnesos, p. 163, no. XX, 10. | Brit. Mus. Pelop., p. 163, no. 2, 7.3. YOU 1, was to resume with the reconstruction of the city under the influence of the kings of Egypt. The coins it strikes in these circles new constants give it the name of Arsinoëa in honor of the wife of Pto- lemée IV #. Under the Roman Empire, period of the Severians, Methana strikes bronzes to the legend MEOANAIGON. $VII. — Troezene. quarrel as a result of which, to avoid reprisals from one or the other deity, the Trézéniens admire them both on their altars and awarded them honors equals. This is why, adds Pau- sanias, that the coins of Troezen have 4. Svoronos, Journ. int. of arch. num., 1904, P. 397; B.Head, His!. num., p. 442. These currencies were formerly classified in Arsinoe of Crete.

495 ARGOLID for types, on one side, a trident, emblem of Poseidon, and on the other, the effigy of A- thena. Another tradition makes Troezen a city of Ionian origin, like Athens. One of its mythical kings, Saron, son of Al- thepos, built on the market place one temple to Saronian Artemis. The sons of Pelops, Træzen el Pitheus, came into the country and the eldest gave his name to the capital; the Athenian hero Theseus was descended from Pi- theus by his mother Aethra; he spent his fance to Troezene and we find phases of his legend, those of his father Aegeus and of his son Hippolyte on coins of Troezenus from the Roman imperial era?. We see, through these legends, the links which united Troezen with Athens; in vain this city, later, received Dorians in her bosom and was under domination of Argos. The core of its population remained Group A. — From approximately 460 to 400. 690. — Bare head of Athena, unhelmeted, facing, hair swept back middle of the forehead in two bands ears and fall in nalles on the nape of the neck; she has a necklace around her neck. BR. TPO. Trident. Hollow square. Æ17; Attic pentobol, 3 gr. 51 (P) PL. COXVII, fig. 30; — other exes 3 gr. 97 (B) PL COXVIL, fig. 31; — 3 gr. 50:. 691. — Same description. ZR 16; tetrobole att., (B) 2 gr. 96”. 692. — Same description. ZR 9; PL. COXVII, fig. 32; — O gr. 60 (B) 1. Pausanias, II, 30. ...ual Ôn wa vOut5ux autois td doyaïov érionua Eyet toiatvar uxi ’Abnväs Todow- rov. Cf. B. Head, ist. numer., p. 443. 2. Percy Gardner, Calal. Peloponn., p. 167 ets. 3. Herodotus, VIII, 41, 42. 496 — TREZENE always Ionian and claimed his kinship originated with Athens. This is why the Troezenians, despite the Argives, took a active part in Wars medical, at sides of the Athenians; during the invasion of Xerxes, while the Persians burned the Parthenon, it is in Troezène that the rain large part of the population of Athens found an asylum *. Until the French War Loponnese, Troezenus remained faithful to oneself friendly with Athens, and this alliance was reflection not only in moné types {areas of Troezene, but up to the system size system adopted for its species Alone, of all the towns of the Peloponnes before the era Macedonian, Trézen: size its coins, no longer in the system eginetic tem, but in the system a tick reduced’. The oldest are classified smells a little before the middle of the 5th century thick which cover the temples and 1 Attic trilartemorion, 0 gr. 58 ({ PI. CCXVII, fig. 33'. 4. B. Head, Hist. numer., p. 443. 3. Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. gr., p. 181, nos. 132 and Î 6. Imhooft-Blumer, Monn. Greek., p. 181, No. 4 1. Brit. Mus. Cat. Pelop., p. 165, no. 1, pl. X 17; lwhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greek., p. 181, no. 133.

497 we made it into an allic pentobol: divisions of the series!, Formerly the curious head of woman of these coins of Troezene, the name of Saronian Arlemis because of san- luary of this goddess of which we have spoken above? Recently, Mr. Imhool- Blumer, refusing to recognize a Athena unhelmeted, offered to see simply the effigy of a local nymph. The text of Pausanias, said this scholar, which we relied on to recognize here an Athena without a helmet, only aims the coins of the 15th and 1st centuries where, want long on the neck. 1. Let us remember that the cities of Euboea adopt, from 369 BC. BC, a reduced Attic system who gives the tetradrachm the weight of 15 gr. 40 & to the drachma the weight of 3 gr. 85. 2. Imhoof Blumer and Percy Gardner, Numimalic ommentary on Pausunias, AIT pl EM A et 2. 3. Fr. limhoof-Blumer, Journal: intern. of arch. um., t. XI, 1908, p. 91. Volume IV. ARGOLIDE — TREZENE The normal weight of these pieces, as we sees it, is quite uncertain. They miss let go of the allic system, but we do not can hardly be considered a drachma altic n° 690 whose effective weight depends rarely passes 3 gr. 60; that's why the same observation applies to the others 498 lively, there is an unhelmeted Athena, and in no way the Troezenian currencies of the 5th century that we have just described?. I Could hardly on this point admit the Mr. Imhoof's theory; it seems more ra- lionel to believe that the goddess of currencies of the 5th century is the same, with modifications let's focus on (p. 502), than that which appears on the mon- dates from the century of Alexander. In the Peloponnesian War, the Træ- Zenians abandoned the Athenians and were the firm allies of Sparta; also, their country was particularly ravaged by the Athenian fleets #, Until the the fortune of arms gave definite success lifaux Lacedaemonians. In the Corinthian war, in 394, Træzène again sided with the La- Cedemonians ÿ, Group B. — From approximately 400 to 387. 693. — Head of Apollo Thearios, left, surrounded by a headband, the hair . TPO. Trident decorated with festoons. Hollow square. ZR 17; drachma att., 3 gr. 85 (leg. outside the Luynes flan) Pl CCXVIII, 8th 1. — other, leg. readable, 4 7 1 2l. 1 69%. — Diademed head of Apollo Thearios, left, a lorques on the neck. B.TPO. Trident decorated with festoons. Tr 2R 12; lriobole att., 2 120002) PL'CCXVIII, fig. 2°. (L); 4 gr. 15; 3 gr. 95(B)s. aces of a hollow square. 4, Thucyd., 11, 56: 1V, 45. 5. Xenoph., Hellén., IV, 2, 16. 6. Brit. Mus. Cal. Pelop., p. 165, nos. 2 and 3, pl. XXX, 18; J. Lambros, Peloponnesos (in Greek), p. 106, pl. IT, 5; Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greek, p.181, Nos. 435 and 136. 7. Brit. Mus. Cat. Pelop., p. 165, no. 4, pl. XXX, 19; Timhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greek., p. 181, no. 437, 32

499 ARGOLIDE — TREZENE 500 693. — Same right. B.TPO. Very ornate trident. ÆR9: obol att., 0 gr. 63 (L) PL CCXVIIT, fig. 3: — Ogr. 60 (Ath)!. Apollo Thearios had his sanctuary and a famous oracle on the agora of Troezene *. Its monetary type is most remarkable. quables; the noble and majestic features of god and his long locks of hair curly on the neck reminds, in the sculpture, the guy from the Thornshooter Capitol Museum?. Group C.—From 387 to 358 BC. AD We can start the next series, of a style clearly more advanced than that which precedes, i.e. in 387, when the treaty of Antalcidas had guaranteed political autonomy tick to all Greek cities, either after the victory of Epaminondas at Leuctra, in 371, followed by his intervention in the Peloponnese. 696. — Head of Athena Lemnian on the left, diademed, wavy hair thin on the temples and falling on the neck; she has earrings; behind, the letter A: A. TPO. Trident decorated with festoons; in the field on the right, a dolphin. ZR 17; drach. att., 3 gr. 96 (B) PI. COXVIII, fig. 4; — other, 4 gr. 16 (M)*. 697. — Same head of Alhéna Lemnienne. BR. TPO. Trident decorated with festoons; around, three dolphins. ZR 14: triob. att., 2 gr. (L) PL. COXVIIT, fig. 5:—4ger.86 fr. (P); 1 gr. 9% 698. — Same head of Athena Lemnian. A. TPO. Two leaning tridents; in the field on the left, branch of ivy. ZR 13; diobole att., 1 gr. 14 (L) PI. CCXVIIL, fig. 6:. 699.— Variety, with the head of Athena on the right, 1 gr. 12 (L) PL CCXVIII fig. 7 ‘: —other ex., 1 gr. 28°. 700. — Same right. 1. Brit. Mus., p. 166, no. 10, pl. XXX, 23; Imhoof- Blumer, Monn. Greek., p. 182, no. 141. 2, Pausanias, 11, 31.6; cf. Imhoof Blumer, Monn. Greek., p. 184. 3. Mr. Collignon, Hist. of the sculpture. Greek, Er p. 417. - 4, Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greek., p. 182, no. 142; Choice, pl. I, 70. 5 Br. Mus. Cat. Pelop., p. 165, n° 5 to 7, p XXX, 20; Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. gr., P. 182, n° 14 6. Brit. Mus. Cat. Pelop., p. 166, no. 8, pl. XX: 21; Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greek., P. 181, n° 139. 1. Brit. Mus., n° 9, pl. XXX, 22. 8. Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greek., p. 181, no. 13 R

O1 on the back of the neck. Æ8; hemiobolus att.. Coinage previous one seems to have ended in 338, when after his victory of Gheronea, Philip of Macedonia made a short expedition in the Peloponnese. Female head in profile of parts which precede {nos. 696 to 102), it is necessary to recognize give birth to the image of one of the masterpieces of Phidias, his Athena Lemnaia. Pausanias? even said that this statue was the most beautiful the works of Phidias; it was erected on acropolis of Athens, next to a statue of Ericles; her nickname came from what she It was offered by the inhabitants of the island of lemnos. She was bareheaded, holding his ascus On His Hand, the chest covered with legid. We recognized replicas of Athena Lemnienne of Phidias in a marble sculpture, from the Dresden Museum, uSsi on a terracotta plaque from the wall ée of Munich and on stones engraved with century AD where it is recognized ble thanks to the aegis which covers his chest. Landmarks closely recall the eg currencies of Troezene, as well as Furtwaengler admitted. The terracotta plate of the Glypto- 1 Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greek., p. 182, no. 140. Pausan., I, 28: Lucien, Dial. on the portraits. B: To. Furtwaengler, Revue archéol., 1896, I, p. 1 ARGOLIDE — TREZENE 902 BR. TPO. Two tridents leaning against each other: in the field on the left, bunch of grapes. ZR 11; trihemiob. att., 1 gr. 02 FAR 701. — Diademed head of Athena Lemniennea right ear, knotted hair BR. TPO. Very decorated trident: on the right, a dolphin. Concave field. ZR 11; trihemiob. att.. 1 gr. 10 (P) PL CCXVIIL, fig. 8. 702. — Head of Athena Lemnian, right. B2. The monograph. F occupying the entire field; traces of a hollow square. 0 gr. 30 (P) PL. COXVIIL, fig. 9. Munich library, note this scholar, offers, in its bas-relief bust of Athena, an analogy striking with the type of coins of Troezene which represent the head of Athena without helmet. The undulations of the hair around the temples, on all sculptural monuments like on the currency, are particularities which often characterize female heads from the 5th century; Phidias had adopted this provision in his Lemnian Athena. It is undoubtedly because of their affinity of origin with the Athenians that the Trézé- niens were inspired by a sculptural work Athenian rale in the monetary type that we have just described. We can go further | away and conjecture that their ancient Athena Without Helmet, which we have seen on most old coins (n° 690 to 692), was related in its legend with the Athena Lemnienne. From there, the Troezenians will have, in the 15th century, executed, according to the chief work of Phidias, a new statue of their national Athena : this is the image of the latter that we let's see on the Group C currencies. at 5; HE. p. 343; cf. Die Meislerwerke der griech. Plas- HET pDras. HAS

503 ARGOLIDE — HERMIONE 504 Bronzes, from approximately 322 to 300 (after Alexander the Great). 103. — Head of Athena Lemnian left, hair tied at the nape of her neck. BL. TPO. Very ornate trident; on the left, a dolphin. Concave field. Æ 14: (P, L, B) PL COXVII, fig. 10 and 11'. 704. — Varieties: to the right, in the field, letters: K: A; Al: Æ14; (P) PL CCXVII, fig. 12°. This coinage continues quite a lot. dated throughout the 1st century; under the em- ol ‘Eoutévn or ‘Esp (today Castro) was located in the country where refugee, at the time of the Dorian invasions, the pelasgic tribe of the Dryopes, at the extreme southern mite of Argolis, in a protected cove by the promontory Scyl- laion and the island of Hydraea. The Hermioneans appeared alongside the Athenians at Salamis and at Plataea *. But shortly after, at the time when the Argives destroyed Mycenae and Tiryn- the, in 468, we find that Hermione had itself become a colony of Ar- gos. It nevertheless retained its traditions dryopian and its main divinity remained Demeter Chthonia, the infernal Demeter who had been the main divinity of the Dryopes: we find its effigy on the mon- naies. Moreover, in Argos itself, Demeter 1. Bril. Mus., Cal. Pelop., p. 166, no. 14, pl. XXX, 24; Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greek., p. 182, no. 144. 2. Imhoof-Blumer, M. gr., p. 182, nos. 145 and 146. 3. Herodotus, VIII, 43; 1X, 28. worst roman the ethnic monetary is TPOIZHNIGN-: Hermione. was worshiped under the nickname Pelasgis, like one of the oldest deities of the pelasgic race. In Hermione, the temple of Demeter Chtho- nienne crowned Mount Prôn, neighboring. the city; every year, at time of the harvest, a procession was celebrated at the what part did the faithful dressed in white, crowned with ears of corn and hyacinth. In the temple took place the immolation of cows by the old matrons, priestesses of the goddess *. Hermione's coins, even still in Roman times, commemorate these years tick uses. Their show started only towards the middle of the 1st century, like. those of Epidaurus and Tiryns. 4. Pausanias, II, 22, 2; 35, 3 to 1. 5. This sacrifice is represented on the bronze reverse of Hermione from Roman times.

505 ARGOLIDE — HERMIONE 506 105. — Head of chthonic Demeter crowned with ears on left, hair raised around the forehead and falling on the neck: drop earrings and necklace. &. The monograph. Æ in a crown of ears. ZR15; triobole egin., 2 gr. 87 (P) PL. COXVIIL, fig. 13: — 9 grams. 84 (L)', 706. — Variety; in B. under the monogram, the letters AI. ZÆR 15; triob. egin., 2 gr. 45 (P) PI. CCXVIIL, fig. 14. 707. — Same head of Demeter. BR. E—P separated by a lit torch: All in a crown of ears. ZÆR 12; Egin. obol, 0 gr. 94 (L)P1. CCXVIIL fig. 15 ?. 108. — Same head of Demeter. Bt. E—P, letters separated by a lit torch: below À —Y. The whole thing in a crown of ears. Concave field. Æ 17: (P) PI. CCXVIII, fig. 16. 109. — Head of Demeter facing, crowned with ears of corn. &. Æ, in a crown of ears. Æ 17: (P) PI. CCXVIIL, fig. 17. 110. — Variety, with the monogram. having the form R. PL 7) PL COXVIIL, fig. 18*. T11. — Head of Demeter crowned with ears of corn, left. B. EP between two torches. All in a crown of ears. Æ 16: (P) PL. COXVIII, fig. 19. 7112. — Head of Demeter crowned with ears of corn, right or left. BL. E — P separated by a lorch. All in a crown of ears. Æ13; (P, L, Pozzi) P1. CCXVIII, fig. 20. 713. — Head of Demeter crowned with ears of corn, right. R. E — P separated by a crown of ears; in Ja crown, TA. Æ10; (L) PL CCXVIII, fig. 21°. 1. Brit. Mus. Pelop., p. 160, nos. 1 and 2, pl. XXX, 1. Eritrea in Boeotia; to Erchomenes or Orchomenes 2. Brit. Mus. Cal. Pelop., p.160, no. 3, pl. XXX.2. in Boeotia; at Eresos of Lesbos; in Eretria of Euboea, 3. Brith. Mus. Cal. Pelop., p. 160, no. 4, pl. XXX.3 and elsewhere too. See on this subject: Imhoof-Blu- 4. Brit. Mus. Cal. Pelop., p. 161, n°16, pl. XXX, Wed, Num. Zeit, t. WI, 1871, p. 368; Coins . We must warn that the coins of Her- ion have been, formerly, classified in turn, Greeks, p.118 to 181.

CHAPTER VII PAHLIONFE AND SICYONE S I. — Phlionte (Phlius). For coins before 480, see our Descr. hist., t. I, p. 811 to 815 PI. XXXIII, fig. 12, et pl. XXX, fig. 20. The history of Phlionte in the period which follows the great Persian Wars is very obscure. This city, moreover, does not have of coins, uon more than Megara. These are especially the turtles of Aegina which, in the 5th century, constitute the cash current of Phliontines. However, around 431, at the beginning of the Peloponnesian War, Phliontes rou- saw her studio and she had to play, in the events of this long war, a role important which was rather fatal to him. Ally of Sparta, the armaments to which it owed proceed caused the strike of his currencies, but their types do not reflect nothing of the bloody adventures of war. These are pieces of aeginetic weight, — drachmas, hemi-drachmas, trihemioboles, 1. Pausanias, II, 12, 2. 2. Of this type of coins of Phlionte we can obols, — which have as their main type the Asopos river, son of Poseidon and the nymph Céluse, personified under the aspect of a furious bull!. We proposed all- however to see rather in this bull, a Tauromorphic Dionysus, and this interpretation tion is based on the presence of symbols: Dionysians which are often on the reverse of same parts: bunch of grapes and neck ivy bush. The two interpretations perhaps reconciled in local legends holds, the Asopos river, formed from the meeting of several torrents, flowing at the foot of the fertile vineyards of Phliontide?. Another emblem, no less frequent on the coins of Phlionte, is the type of the wheel; the central hub, very characteristic, bring closer the horned bull which appears on one of the metopes of Olympia.

509 represents the éuexkés or the sacred stone umbilical which was the object of a cult of part of the Phliontines, like the omphalos of Delphi and the betyles among the peoples of the Semitic East!. In their ignorance of geography, Pausanias tells us?, the Phliontines con- PHLIONTE 510 considered themselves to be inhabiting the central point of the Peloponnese, and this point was marked by the sacred stone, object of their worship. The wheel of which this stone is the center recalls the coin wheel of the early period live; we don't have to return to it, 1. — From approximately 431 to 400. T4. — DAEIA, in the exergue. Furious bull walking left, head down A seated and ready to scratch the ground (lAsopos). BL. ZION (Pheis-stov), ​​Wheel with four spokes. Hollow square. ZR 19; egin. drachma, 4 gr. 47 (L) PL CCXVIILI, fig. 22:. 115, — DAEIA, in exergue. Cornupetal bull, right. BL. ZION (Dheuz-crov), Wheel with four spokes. Hollow square. ZR 19; egin. drachma, 5 gr. 68 (L) PI. CCXVIIL, fig. 28:. 716. — Bull standing right. BR. A large © in a hollow square limited by a large gravel layer. _2R 14; hemidr. egin., 2 gr. 49 (L) PL CCXVIII, fig. 24 6. 117. — Cornupeted bull on the right, the flanks surrounded by a band. B A large © surrounded by four globules. Hollow square with grit. R 1%; hemidr.,f2 gr. 84, hole (P) PL COXVIII, fig. 25: 2 gr. 70 (L). THE 118. — Variety; the bull is without the girdle. | 2K 13; hemidr. egin., 2 gr. 50, hole (P) PI COXVIII, fig. 26. 719. — Cornupeted bull on the left, the sides surrounded by a band. B. A large © surrounded by four globules. Hollow square with grit, 2R 1%; hemidr. egin., 2 gr. 63, hole (L) PI. COXVIII, fig. 27 ?, 1. Head, Hist. numer., p. 409. 2. Pausanias, II, 13, 3. 3. See our Descr. hist, t. I, p. 814; cf. p. 711 nu17, 4. Brit. Mus. Pelopon, p. 33, no. 1, pl. VI, 19. 5. Brit. Mus. Pelop., p. 33, no. 2, pl. VI, 20. 6. Brit. Mus. Pelop., p. 33, no. 3, pl. VI, 21. 1. Bril. Mus. Pelop., p. 33, no. 5, pl. VI, 22.

511 PHLIONTE __ Jje 400 to 360 approximately. [RS] 120. — AIBA®D. Cornupel bull on the left. BL. MOIZ (Peu-cuw, retrograde). Wheel with four tapered spokes, with a hub central and struts. Hollow square. ZR 18; egin. drachma, 5 gr. 45 (Luynes) PI. CCXVIII, fig. 28; — others e.g., with DAEIA-ZION (?), 5 gr. 74 (L); 5 gr. 71 (Jameson) *. 721. — Same right, with AlIA®D. Re. NOIZ (Dheu-stov, retrogr.). Wheel with four tapered spokes, with central hub and struts, the rims forming two concentric circles. Hollow square. ZR 19; egin. drachma, 6 gr. 12 (P) PL CCXVIII, fig. 29. 122. — Protome of cornupetous bull, left. B. A large © next to two (?) globules. Hollow square: Æ9; Egin. obol, worn, 0 gr. 71 (PPPL CCXVIII, fig. 30. 723. Protome of cornupetous bull, left; above, the letter 1. B. A large © surrounded by four globules. Æ13; Egin. obol, 0 gr. 82 (P; PI. CCXVIII, fig. 313; — O0 gr. 81 (L). 724. — Same right (without the letter 1 in the right). B. A large © next to two globules. R 13; obol, 0 gr. 92 on 7125. — Same right. B. A large © next to four globules and the letters TA. Æ 13: egin. obol, 0 gr. 86 (L). 126. — Head of a woman (Hebe?) to the right, hair raised. BR. Protome of cornupetal bull, right. ZR 9: hemiob. egin., 0 gr. 55 (L) PI. CCXVIII, fig. 82:. Pausanias teaches us that on the acro- of the right to asylum *. The cult of Hebe, daughter of pole of Phlionte, stood a temple of Zeus and Hera, was very widespread in the Hébé, in a cypress wood who enjoyed Peloponnese as in Boolia. 1. Brit. Mus. Pelop., p. 33, n°: 6 and 7, pl. VI, 23: 3, Brit. Mus. Pelop., p. 34, no. 12, pl. VI, 25. Catal. Jameson, QUEEN 4. Pausan., I, 13, 4; cf. Strabo, VII, 6, 24. 2, Brit. Mus. Pelop., p. 34, no. 8, pl. VI, 24.

13 PULIONTE o14 127. — Protome of cornupetous bull, right. BR. A large © next to four globules, in a hollow square. Æ12; (P) PL CCXIX, fig. 1, 128. — Cornupet bull, left. Æ12; (P) PL. COXIX, fig. 2 and 3. BR A large © alongside four globules. 129. — Variety, with two globules. Æ14; (P)PI. .CCXIX, fig. 41. 129 “. — Bucrane from the front {rude style). Iron coin, 26 mill. (Ath) ?. From the beginning of the 15th century, Phlionte was seen for a long time and many times, it by external wars, or by Party scores inside. Dwell- S loyal to the alliance of Sparta, the Phlion- S were beaten by the Athenian general hicrates in 393 *, and the party Athenian nStalla in the city. In 380, King of Sparta Agesilaus came to besiege it with idea of the exiled Phliontines; Phlionte comp- Brit. Mus. Ass. Pelop., pl. VII, 1. Svoronos, Journ. int. of archaeol. RU, te CXIEN, » P. 187 (attributed to Phocis). Xenophon, Hellen., 1V, 415 etISUv.: Cf: E. Volume IV. BR. A large © occupying the entire field. milk then 5,000 citizens. Its territory was still devastated during the tea wars baines, after 371. If all these events left no trace in the choice of the types of currencies, they explain minus the poverty of Phliontine coinage and also, without doubt, the emission of my- naies of iron, as at Argos, Tegea el Heraea, around the same time *. 3. — Coins minted from 360 to 322. 130. — Cornupetous bull, left. Be. A large ® in a wreath of ivy. ZÆR 15; eginet triobole, 2 gr. 89 to 2 gr. 60 (P) PI. CCXIX, fig. 5 and 6:, 131. — Cornupet bull, left: above, the letter 1, Be, A large © alongside four bunches of grapes. Flat hollow square. 13; trihemiob. egin., 1 gr. 31 (P) P1. CCXIX, fig. T; — 1 gr. 09(L)°. Curtius, His£. Greek, t. IV, p. 293. 4. See above, in Argos, p. 466-461. 5. Cf. Brit, Mus. Pelop., pl. VII, 2. 6. Brit. Mus. Pelop., p. 35, no. 93, pl. VII, 38. 33

SICYONE 516 D15 732. — Cornupeted bull on the left, on a slightly wavy line (the waves of the Asopos). BR. Wheel with four tapered spokes fitted with struts; the hub represents the omphalos; between the spokes, the letter © and three bunches of grapes. 2R 13: trihemiob. egin., 1 gr. 30 (P) PI. COXIX, fig. 8; — 1 gr. 21 (L) * 133. — Cornupelous bull, left. &. A big in the center of a crown of ivy. Æ14; (L) PL COXIX, fig. 9”. 73%, —_ Head of Athena facing, slightly inclined to the left, wearing a helmet triple crest. Be A capital d in a laurel wreath. Æ 14: (P) PL COXIX, fig. 40 and 11. 7235, — Bearded head of the Asopos River, left, crowned with reeds. Be. A large © in a wreath of ivy. Æ18; (P) PL COXIX, fig. 12*. The letter d on the coins of Phlionte is the initial of the name of the city, at the same time time as an allusion to the éacs. Sometimes, this letter is attached, on the money too DAEIAZSION or ŒAEIAZION, opens divided into two parts, half of the mo DAEIA-, being entitled, and the other half -Z3ION or ZIQN, on the reverse. The same by peculiarity is also found in the legend coins of Aegæ of Achaia, Epidaurus and elsewhere too. The coinage of Phlionte ended when of the Macedonian conquest in 322; . should not be reborn that when the city enlisted in the Achaean League in 228. although on the bronzes, ana- globules logs to those we have reported on the coins of Argos. He would not know be question of valuable brands, since the same divisions have indifferently two or four globules. The legend of the coins of Phlionte, SII. — Sicyon. For coins before 480, see our Descr. Heat; p. 815 to 822 et pl. XANXNIL, Mg. 1 45. invasions and devastations that prab asked the Athenians, either under Tolmide The annals of Sicyone, after the defeats of Xerxes in 419, are summarized in Islands 1. Bril. Mus. Cat. Pelop., p. 35, no. 24, pl. VIT, 4. 3. Cf. Brit. Mus., Cat. Pelop., pl. VIL, 6. | 2, Brit. Mus. Cal. Pelop., p. 35, no. 25, pl. VII, Qt

17 in 456', or under Pericles in 454 2. By there explains the poverty of the siCyo-coinage dien before the Peloponnesian War, Jus- that at this time, in fact, Sicyone limited itself continue the broadcast of small divisions you are the type of dove, which she already had #started previously, and that we Let's explain. On the coins of Sicyon, the name of in town is sometimes represented by the letters 2E, tanlôl by the letters 3] or finally by a simple %. The ZE form is, in general, older than the form ÿf, but it ÿ ut a long period of floating, during before which we said indifferently #xvuwv and Exvwv, Apollonius of Alexandria generalize these two forms, adding that we Used indifferently #, The letter 3 which persists as an emblem lional on the coins of Sicyone, is nilial named after the city. A big SICYONE D18 many other towns in the Peloponnese have, likewise, as a monetary type the initial of their names : in Phlionte; At Argos; K to Cleones; M in Mantinée; TT in Paroreia; on the coins of the Achaeans; Æ on the coins of the Arcadians. For Sicyone, he is also interesting to recall a passage from Xenophon to which we have already alluded to. In 393, in the middle of the Corinthian war, which is only one resumption of the Peloponnesian War, the Sicyonians, allies of Athens and the Argives, were surprised and defeated by the Lacedae monians who seized their hands keys on which were painted large 2. When the Argives presented themselves to their turn on the battlefield, seeing the ZX at the episema of the shields, they believed themselves came face to face with their allies and advanced without distrust: they were massacred at their tour by the Lacedaemonians #, 1. — Coins from the middle of the 5th century. 136. — Dove, wings raised to take flight, left. B. Large Z whose center is decorated with a fleuron; in the field on the left, letter ©. Hollow square. 2K 17; egin. drachma, (Pozzi) P1. COXIX, fig. 13. 737. — 3E. Dove, wings raised to take flight, left. B. Large 3 whose center is decorated with a stylized fleuron. Hollow square. R 17; egin. drachma, 5 gr. 87 (L) PL COXIX, fig. 14. 138. — Chimera on the left, roaring and raising one paw; below, AA. Be. Dove flying right: front. x and A (épayuñ). Deep hollow square. Thucyd., I, 108; Pausan., 19705 Thucyd., I, 141; Diod. ice: 88. Apollo. Alex., in Bekker, Anecdola graeca, / p. 555. CF. Percy Gardner, Peloponn., p. 36. 4. Xenophon, Hellenica, IV, 4. , 5. Brit, Mus. Cal. Pelop., p. 36, no. 2, pl. VII, 9.

519 SICYONE 520 Æ17; egin. drachma, 5 gr. 78 (Copenhagen) PL. COXIX, fig. 3 p.m. 139. — Chimera, left. BL. T (5650) and Z. Dove flying right. Square cr. Æ13; egin. hemidrachm, 3 gr. 04 (Copenhagen) PL. COXIX, fig. 16; — others, 2 gr. 78; 2 gr. 76 (L, B, Pozi) 140. — Protome of Chimera roaring, left. BL. O (#66k0:) and Z: Dove flying to the right. Hollow square. Æ9; obol, 1 gr. 02 (P)PI. COXIX, fig 17; - others; 1 gr. (Li B) 4 141. — Dove on the right, flapping its wings to take flight. BR. O and 3. Dove flying to the right. Hollow square. ZR 9; Egin. obol, 0 gr. 96 (Copenhagen) PI. COXIX, fig. 18:. 742. — Protome of a lion (Chimera), left. BR. > and H (äw6602:07). Dove flying to the right. Hollow square. Æ8; hemiobolus egin., 0 gr. 50 (Turin)”. 143. — Dove, wings closed, left. B, Large Z in a hollow square. ZR 9: hemiobolus (Pozzi PL COXIX, figs. 19 and 20; — 0 gr. #5 (L)”. 744. — Variety; the dove on the right, 0 gr. 36 (L)”. 745. — Dove, wings closed, left. &. x el H. Dove flying right. Square er. Æ9; hemiob. egin., 0 gr. #1 (L)# 146. — Variety, with Z el H (ñuw66110). 0 gr. 38 (L). 147. — Variety, with E and H. 0 gr. 36 (L). 748. — Dove, wings closed, left. B. Dove flying left. Hollow square. Æ9; hemiob. egin., 0 gr. 43 (L) 4. Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greq., p.166, no. 50. 5. Imboof-Blumer, Monn. Greek., p. 167, no. 54% 2, Brit. Mus. Cal. Pelop., p. 36, n° 3 and 4, 6. Bril. Mus. Cat. Pelop., p. 36, no. 9, pl. LIFE, 6 pl. VII, 10; Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greek., p. 167, 1. Brit. Mus., Pelop, n° 6 and 1. | No. 51. 8. Brit. Mus., n° 12, pl. VII, 13; Imhoot-Blum 3. Brit. Mus., Pelop., p. 36, no. 5, pl. VII, 11; Monn. Greek., p. 167, no. 55. Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greek., p. 167, no. 52. 9. Br. Mus., Pelop., p. 31, no. f1. 4, Lwhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greek., p. 167, no. 53,

Dal SICYONE | 522 749. — Dove at rest, right, turning its head away. BR. E and H (Autw66itoy). Dove flying left. Hollow square. ZR 8; hemiobolus egin., (Pozzi) Pl CCXIX, fig. 21. 7150, — Colomhe on the right, wings closed, scratching one leg with the beak. BR. E and H (ñutw65k0v), Dove flying left. Hollow square. ÆR 9; hemiob. egin., 0 gr. 39 (P) PL. COXIX, fig. 22: — (0 gr: 43 (L}e 7191. — Variety; on the right, the dove on the right (L), 752. — Dove's head on the left. BL. Z in a hollow square. ÆR 6; lartémorion egin., 0 gr. 19 (L)?. 193. — Head of Athena, wearing the Atlantic helmet, right. &. Dove flying to the left, in a hollow square. ÆR 9; hemiobolus egin., 0 gr. 47 (P)P1. CCXIX, fig. 23. 754. — Head of a woman left, hair curled. B. The monograph. Z (— 2%), in a hollow square. R 9; hemiobolus egin., 0 gr. 51 (P) PL. COXIX, fig. 24. Ro Re 755. — Head of a roaring lion, left (the Chimera). B. Dove standing, left. ZR 6; telarlemorion egin., 0 gr. 25 (P) PL. CCXIX, fig. 25. 156. — Chimera Protome at left. (type largely out of the blank). B. Dove standing right, in a hollow square. ZR 6; lélarlémorion egin., 0 gr. 24 (P) PI. CCXIX, fig. 26. 157. — Protome of Chimera, right. &. Dove flying to the right. Laurel wreath around the edge. ZR 6; tétartemorion egin., (Pozzi) PL. CCXIX, fig. 27. 158. — Dove flying to the left; below, 3. &. Dove flying left; in front, the letter T (reraprnmouv), ZR 6; égin. tetartemorion, 0 gr. 21*. 1. Brit: Mus., lelop., p. 37, no. 16, pl. VII, 14. pl: XXXVIL, 4. 2. See our Description. hist.,t. 1, p. 819, No. 1186 and 3. P. Lambros, Zeit. für Num,,t. 1, p. 175, n°2,

523 SICYONE 524 On a certain number of pieces of the O = 665h0ç (n° 740, 741). preceding group, we find in addition to the x, H = fuw65kov (n°5 742, 745 to 747, 749, letters which are marks of value: 150). A = ôoyur (n° 738). T = sevzotnusotov (No. 158)!. ne T9160À0v (n° 139). 2. — Coins minted from approximately 431 to 400 (legend, 3E or >). 159. — Chimera raising one front paw, left, on a base; des- under, 2 E. BR. Dove flying left. Olive wreath around the edge. ZR 27; stater egin., 12 gr. 35 (Luynes) PL. COXIX, fig. 28; — other, 12 st. 11 L) ?. 159 4. — Variety. ÆR 24; 12 gr. 02 (P) PL COXIX, fig. 29. 760. — Variety; The dove holds a fruit in its beak. 24 lat corner. Fagrit (LE). 761. — Chimera on the right, on a base; below, ZE. Be. Dove flying to the right. Olive wreath around the edge. ÆR 95; stat. egin., 12 gr. 12 (P) PL COXIX, fig. 30. 762. — Chimera on the left; below, ZE. Be. Dove flying left. Olive wreath around the edge. ZR20; egin. drachma, 5 gr. 90 (P) PI. COCXIX, fig. 31. 763. — Same description. Newer style. Æ19; egin. drachma, 5 gr. 67 (Luynes) PL. COXIX, fig. 82. 764. — Dove on the left, wings raised to take flight; below, XE. BL. Dove flying left. Olive wreath around the edge. ZR 20; egin. drachma, 6 gr. 10 (P) PL COXX, fig. 1; — other, 6 gr. (L)”. 165. — Same description. Newer style. Æ19; egin. drachma, 6 gr. 07 (Luynes) PI. CCXX, fig. 2. _ 4. P. Lambros, Zeit. für Num. t. II, p. 169 and 175. 3. Brit. Mus. Cat. Pelop., p. 31, no. 19, pl. WINE, 16. 2. Brit. Mus. Pelop., p. 38, n° 22 et pl. VI, 17. 4. Br. Mus. Pelop., p.38, nos. 26 to 29, pl. VIT, 18.

D29 SICYONE 526 766. — Chimera on the left; below, 3E. B. Dove flying left {no crown). Æ16; hemidr. egin., 2 gr. 95 (L) PL CCXX, fig. 3, — other, 2gr. 82(L): 167. — Chimera on the left; below, 3E. B. Dove flying left. Olive wreath around the edge. ZR 14; diob.égin., 1 gr. 95; 1 gr. 88 (P) PL CCXX, fig. &et5;—1 PIE (L) É 168. — Lion passing to the left; below, 3. BL. Dove flying right. Æ10; hemiobolus egin., 0 gr. 46 (P) PL. CCXX, fig. 6. 169. — Lion passing to the right. B. Dove flying right; underneath, a palm frond. Æ9; hemiob. egin., 0 gr. 51 (P) PL COXX, fig. 7. 770. — Lion passing to the left; above, Z; below, H (Aptw66 toy), B. Dove flying left. Olive wreath around the edge. Æ9; hemiobolus egin., 0 gr. 40 (Luynes) PL. COXX, fig. 8; —0gr, 42 {(L)r, TT. — Variety {without the letter H); 0 gr. 45 (L)*. 7172. — Lion passing to the right; below, 3. B. Dove flying to the right. ÆR 10; trihemitartlemorion, 0 gr. 35 (L) 5. 173. — Dove on the left, wings raised to take flight. &. Dove flying left; traces of a hollow square. ZR 6; telartemorion egin., 0 gr. 21 (P) PL COXX, fig. 9. 174. — Variety; on the reverse, z. Æ6; telartemorion egin., 0 gr. 17 (P) PL COXX, fig. 10. The Chimera type on currencies of Sicyone relates to the cul of the Achaeans for Bellerophon f. The most tradition widespread regarding the Chimera, the originated in the north of the Peloponnese, like many other monsters including 1. Br. Mus. Pelop., p. 38, nos. 30 and 31 and pl. VII, 19. 2. Br. Mus. Pelop., p. 38, nos. 32 and 33, pl. VII, 20. 3. Brit. mus. Cat. Pelop., p. 39,.n0 44, pl. VII, 24. myth is also interpreted in the Lypes monetary from Arcadia and regions neighboring areas. Hesiod gives as father to the Chimaera the Nemean lion in Argolis, and for mother the hydra of Lerna, locality also ment contiguous to the territory of Sicyone. 4. Brit. Mus. Cat. Pelop., pl. VIT, 22. 5. Brit. Mus. Cat. Pelop., pl. VII, 23. 6. Percy Gardner, Cat. Pelop., Intr., p. xxxiv.

527 Our monetary type whose execution artis- tick is very remarkable, so you are inspired directly from local myths; he represents- feel the Chimera as it is already described in the Iliad, with a lion's head, a snake tail and in addition, a bust of wild goat entered on the middle of the thorn dorsal. This monster was killed by Bellerophon, while most other monsters Peloponnesian fables are killed by SICYONE 228 Heracles. Corinthian coins have for type Bellerophon riding Pegasus and packing the Chimera. Corinth was the palrie of Bellerophon. In this struggle of Corinthian hero against the Cyonian monsters, we must undoubtedly recognize the memory of a primitive antagonism between the two neighboring towns, a memory which was already legendary daire at the time when Sicyone and Corinth become tangible for the historian *. 3 — From approximately 400 to 300. Coins with 3E el letters or symbols in the field. 775. — Chimera, left or right: below, ZE; sometimes au- on it, a crown. BR. Dove flying left or right; in the field, a symbol or one or more letters. Olive wreath around the edge. ÆR 24; stat. egin., 12 gr. 30 to 12 gr. Varieties: Au droil Crown — To | (Luynes) Crown — On the reverse (P) PI CCXX; fig: 11. PI. CCXX, fig. 12. 176.— Other varieties (without the crown on the right); in the reverse field: Caduceus (Pozzi) PL. CCXX, fig. 13. — Arc (Pozzi) P1. COXX, fig. 14. — Are, returned (L); graffiti on the right, engraved afterwards. PI. CCXX, fig. 15°. — Ivy leaf (?) PL. CCXX, fig. 16; — AetE (?) PI. COXX, fig. 17; — Aand P (L); — x; and O(P) Pl. COXX, fig. 18: — AandP(L); — A(L); — 3 (4); —N(P); —3etx(L); — DOUNIA 4. See a list important monuments various on which is represented the myth of Bellerophon. Engelmann, in the Annalis of the Archtol Institute. of Rome, 1874, p. 1 and pl. A to F. 2, The inscription engraved in dotted lines in the anti- fairness on this copy, in fact a monument votive. Percy Gardner read there: APTAMITOZ: TAZ EAKEHAZ AMONI, what he performed: 'Aotéuôos tüs Ehuétns fuüv, dedicated to Arlémis, our backup (Percy Gardner, Num. Chr. 1873, p. 183; Catal. Peloponn., p. #1, no. 65, pl. VII, 26). Rossbach proposed, on the contrary: TAZ APTAMITO> : TAZ EF KEAMONI (rfi: 'Aotéutos vis ey Keô- uwvyt; only the place name Keôuwy is unknown. Mr. Hill finally proposed: APTAMITOZ TAZE AAKEAMONI {rñc<''Aotéu:Gos vis e[À) Axxeôlat}uuwvt. Rossbach, Berl. Philol. Wochenschrift, August 20, 1898, p. 1053; G. Hill, Journ. of Hell. Sludies, 1898, p. 302, Cf. our Treaty. Theory and Doctrine, t. I, DO

529 ‘ SICYONE 530 711. — Variety, with the letters 2E at the exergue of the right; in the field of reverse, Z (Pozzi) P1. CCXX, fig. 19. 778. — Chimera on the left, raising a blade; below, 3E; in the exergue, the monogram A. BR. Dove flying left: above, ZIBYP. Olive wreath around the edge. ZR 24; stat. egin., 11 gr. 97 (P) PI. COXX, fig. 20. 179. — Variety, with ZIBYPTIO (B)!. 780. — Chimera on the left; front, 3E; underneath, a small figure of a naked youth, kneeling left and Lirant de l'are. Be. Dove flying left: above, MA, olive wreath around the edge. Æ 26; slat. egin., 12 gr. 17 (P) PL COXXI, fig. 1. 781. — Chimera on left; below, a small laureate head of Apollo, on the left. &. Dove flying left; in the field, AT. Olive wreath around the edge. ÆR 24; slat. egin., 12 SEA PP PI COXXI, fig. 2. 782. — Chimera on the left; below, 3E. BL. Dove flying g.; in ch. the let. 1. Olive wreath around the edge. ZR 19; egin. drachma, 5 gr. 90 (P) PL. COXXI, fig. 3. 783. — Variele, without letter in the field, Æ 19; drachma, 5 gr. 80 ERA 78%. — Chimera on the left; below, XE. B£. Dove flying left: in the field, often a variable letter. Æ17; egin. hemidrachm, 2 gr. 85. Varieties : In the reverse field: [(P, PI CCXXI, fig. 4; — NO (L);, — OH WAR <=sp 185. — Naked Ephebe, kneeling on the right, holding his bow and two arrows from the left hand, and leaning on the ground with the right hand. Be. Lyre and plectrum. Æ 12: hemiob. egin., 0 gr. 56 (L) PL CCXXI, fig. 5:. 186. — Same type of ephebe. Be. The letters 3E in an olive wreath. ZR10; hemiobolus egin., 0 gr. 99; 0 gr. 52 (P) PI. CCXXI, fig. 6 and 7. 4. Imhoof Blumer, Monn. Ge DO 3. Bril, Mus., p. 42, nos. 69 to 76, pl. VIII, 2. 2. Brit. Mus. Cat. Pelop., p. 41, no. 66, pl. VIL, 1. 4. Brit. Mus. Cal. Pelop., p. 43, no. 82, pl ViIl2. Tone IV. 34%

54 SICYONE 532 787. — Naked Ephebe, seated three quarters to the right, on a rock; of the hand On his left, he holds his are and with his right hand he leans on the rock. A. The letters ZE in an olive wreath. Æ10; hemiobolus egin., 0 gr. 55 (P) PI CCXXI, fig. 8. 188. — Naked Ephebe, seated three-quarters to the right on a rock; of the hand On his left he holds his lyre and with his right hand he leans on the rock. BR. The letters ZE in an olive wreath. ZR10; hemiob. egin., 0 gr. 50 (L) FT. CCXXI, fig. 9'. 189. — Laureate head of Apollo (?) on the left, long hair. BL. The monograph. Xe, in a hollow square. Æ9; hemiob. egin., 0 gr. #1 (L) PI CCXXI, fig. 10; — Ogr. 31 (B)*°. 190. — Same description. ZR 7; lrihemitartém. egin., 0 gr. 30 (L) FT. CCXXI, fig. 11:. 791. — Dove, wings raised, left; behind, the letter Z. BR. Dove flying left. Conecave field. Æ16; (P)PI. CCXXI, fig. 12. 792. — Dove flying to the left. BR. Dove flying left. Olive wreath around the edge. Æ14; (L) PL COXXI, fig. 13*. \ / 193. — Dove flying to the right or left. Bz. The letter Z in an olive wreath. Æ16; (P) PL COXXI, fig. 14. 794%. — Same description. Æ13; (P) PI CCXXI, fig. 15:. 793. — Dove flying to the right. RL. ZE in an olive wreath. Æ14; (L) PL COXXI, fig. 16°. 196. — Dove flying to the right or left. Bz. The letter Z, the central point of which is decorated with a sort of trilobed fleuron Æ14;(P) PL COXXI, fig. 17°. 1. Bril. Mus. Cal. Pelop., p. 43, no. 83, pl. VII, 5. 4, Brit. Mus. Cat. Pelop., p. 43 no. 87, pl. VILL, 9 2, Brit. Mus. Cat. Pelop., p. 43, no. 85, pl. WINE, 5. Cf. Brit. Mus. Pelop., p. 43, no. 90, pl. VIT, 10 7; lmhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greek., p. 167, no. 56. G.Brit. Mus. Cat. Pelop., p.44, n° 93, pl. VIII, M 3. Brit. Mus., Cat. Pelop., n° 86, pl. VII, 8. 1. Brit. Mus., no. 94, pl. VII, 12.

533 SICYONE 534 797. — Dove flying to the right or left. Bz. The letter Z next to a letter or symbol, Æ 14. Varieties: AT (L) P1. CCXXI, fig. 18: __To (L); — (2) IP. CCXXI, fig. 19; — Crown (?) PI, CCXXI, fig. 20; — Fleuron (L). 198. — Lion (not Chimera) passing to the right, raising a blade in front; below ZE; above, an arch. R. Dove flying right; in ch., 3 and 1. Olive wreath around the edge. ZR 25; stat. egin., (Pozzi) PL. CCXXI, he. 21. DO ADO 300 approximately. Coins with legend ÿ1. 199. — Chimera raising one leg, left; below, 31: above, a crown. Re. Dove flying right; in the field, A and ©. Olive wreath. ZR 2%; slal. egin., 12 gr. 30 (P) PL CCXXI, fig. 22: —_ 12 ARS TRS EE 800. — Chimera raising one leg, left; below 31. Be. Dove flying right; above, AFIA. Olive wreath around the edge. ÆR 24; stat. egin., 12 gr. 26 (P) PL CCXXI, fig. 23. 801. — Dove left, wings raised, taking flight; in the field, 31. Be. Dove flying to the left, in the field, the letter E. Olive wreath. Æ19; egin. drachma, 5 gr. 71 (P) PI. CCXXI, fig. 24: —_ ; GP TIGER, 802. — Chimera on the left, raising one paw; below, 31. R. Dove flying at 8.; in the field, the letter 1. Olive wreath. R20; Dr. egin., 5 gr. 58 (Luynes) PL. CCXXI, fig. 25: __ 5 sr. COL" 803. — Chimera on the left, raising one leg: below, 31 (sometimes Ka BR. Dove flying left; in the field, a letter or a symbol. ÆR 15; hemidr. egin., 2 gr. 98 to 2 gr. 70 to. Farieles. On the reverse: A] (Pozsi) PL. COXXI, fig. 26: — | (2, [):— NO (L); — x (4, D -'or..ou.: (P) PL COXXI, fig. 27; — or: (P); —. (P)PI. CCXXI, fig. 8; — nothing in the (?) PI field. CCXXI, fig. 29. 1. Bri, Mus., Pelop., n° 102, pl. VII, 13. 4. Brit. Mus., Pelop., n° 110, pl. VII, 16. 2, Brit. Maus., p. 45, no. 106, pl. VIII, 14. 5, Brit, Mus., nos. 111 to 124, 3. Br. Mus., p. 45, no. 107, pl. VIII, 45.

535 SICYONE 536 We have just noticed that instead of points, numbering one, two or three, their initials, the magistrates included Like in Argos and some other cities times on the coins, symbols or even neighbors. 804. — Dove, wings raised to the right; in the field, 2 and O (569À6<). B. Dove flying to the right. ÆR 13: egin. obol, 0 gr. 75 (P) PI. CCXXII, fig. 1. 803. — Dove, wings raised, right; in the field, 2: R. Dove flying to the right; in the field, 2: ÆR 13; Egin. obol, 0 gr. 83 (P) PL CCXXII, fig. 2; — 0 gr. 92 (L) *. 806. — Dove, wings raised, right, holding in its beak, a knotted strip. &. 31. Dove flying to the right. ZÆR 12: egin. obol, 0 gr. 72 (L) PI. CCXXII, fig. 8. 2 807. — Dove, wings raised, left, holding in its beak a knotted strip. B. Dove flying right or left. Æ 12: egin. obol, 0 gr. 75; 0 gr. 90 (P) PI. CCXXII, fig. 4 and 5:. 808. — Laureate head of Apollo right, long hair. BR. 31. Dove flying to the right or left. Æ12:; Egin. obol, 0 gr. 86 (P) PI. CCXXII, fis..6 and 7. 809. — Same head of Apollo; behind, the letter =. BR. Lyre in an olive wreath. Æ11; Egin. obol, 0 gr. 84 (L) PI CCXXII, fig. 8. 810. — Laureate head of Apollo, right. RL. The letter Z and variable initials; olive wreath. Æ18*. Varieties; in the reverse field, ME (?) PI. CCXXII, fig. 9; —-1(?,1). 811. — Dove flying to the right or left. B. Olive wreath. Æ17; (P) PL COXIT, fig. 10: 4. Brit. Mus., no. 199, pl. VILL, 18. 4. Cf. Brit. Mus. Cat. Pelop., p. 49, n°5 163 to 169 2, Brit. Mus., no. 134, pl. LIFE, 19. pl. IX, 8 and 9. 3. Cesoboles, with a dove on both faces, 5. Brit. Mus., p. 49, no. 162, pl. IX were imitated at Hyrtacina and Lisos, from Crete. J. 6. Br. Mus. Cat. Pelop., p.50, n°5 1170 to 115, pl. IX, 4h Svornonos, Numism of ancient Crete, p. 198, 7. Cf. Brit. Mus. Pelop., p. 48, no. 148, pl. WINE, 23 pl. XVII, fig. 14 and following,

937 812. — Dove flying to the left. SICYONE 538 BL. EY in an olive wreath. Æ17; (P) PL CCXXII, fig. 11:. We recognized, with all likelihood, in the letters EY, the initials of Euphron, Lyran of Sicyone after 368?. 813. — Varieties; in the olive crown the following letters ME (£) PI. COXXII, fig. 12 *: — AA (?) Pl. CCXXII, fig. 13: — © (P) PL. CCXXII, fig. 14; — OEYD (Z) PI. CCXXII fig. 15*: — TE (L), — TE (L)5. 81%. — Naked ephebe, standing right, raising both arms above the head and holding with both hands a knotted strip which descends on its back almost to the ground. B. 31 in an olive wreath. Æ 14: (L) PL CCXXII, fig. 16°. 815. — Dove flying to the right or left. BL. 21 in an olive wreath. Æ 15 (P) PL. COXXII, fig. 17 and 18°. These latter currencies are not ante- later in the 18th century. After Alexander, from the start of the Lamian War in 322 BC. BC, Sicyone had fallen into the hands of An- lipater. She remained for a enough long period under domination of kings of Macedonia, with intermissions of autonomy and numerous vicissitudes, until the uprising of the Achaean League Under Aralus, in 251. During this pe- period, Sicyone continued, as before rement, to be governed by Lyrans, vassals of the king of Macedonia who left them quite independent. These tyrants appear, like their predecessors, having signed the currency Sicyonian. Indeed, the letters, monograms or syllables noted 1. Brit. Mus. Cat. Pelop., p. 48, no. 149, pl. IX, 1. 2. Xenophon, Hellen., VII, 1.45; Rud. Weil, Zeit. für Num., t. VII, p. 372. 3. Brit. Mus., Cat., n° 151, pl. IX, 2. 4. Brit. Mus., no. 157, pl. IX, 4. + 5. Paul Lambros wrongly proposed to see in on Currency Islands, since the beginning of IV° century, must represent either of tyrants, or municipal magistrates, rather than simple officers in charge to the minting of species. Instead of initials enigmatic, we noted exception- nally: £652z0l<) on slaters (n°° 118 and 719j; ’Ayix(s) or ‘’Aytä(èxs), on the stater n° 800 and perhaps also on the No. 781; Gesv(siône?) where Osvo(avrc?) on a variegated bronze No. 813. Without doubt we do not know no political leaders bearing these names, but on the other hand, it is some tyrants of Sicyon historically known which it seems possible to find the initials on the coins. Mr Rudolf Weil ® proposed, following Leake, to the letters TE of these bronzes the initials of the name of the tetartemorion, Zeit. für Num.,t. He, p. 175. 6. Brit. Mus. Pelop.,p. 41, no. 135, pl. VIIT, 20. 1. Brit. Mus., p. 41, nos. 138 to 145, pl. VIII, 21. 8. Rud. Weil, Zeëif. für Num., t. VII, p. 372.

539 recognize in the letters EY (n° 812), the name of Æuphron, a character who, shortly after 368 BC BC, usurped the tyranny in Sicyone, thanks to the support of the popular party raged by the Arcadians and Argives?. It will be objected that the authors mention- other tyrants of Sicyon, such as Aristratos and Epichares, from the period of Phi- lippe and Alexandre, and that we have not re- found so far their initials on the mon- naies. But at this time, let us note, the Sicyone workshop only issued pieces divisional silver and bronzes. More late, during the 1st century, period which is later than our stopping point chronologically, Sicyone issued, at the same time, Alexandrian tetradrachms and bronzes similar to those we have just described?; gold, among these, there are some who carry, in the crown olive tree, the letters AH that we look at as the initials of Demetrius Poliorcetes, be like the initi- tials of the name of Pemetrias which was carried a moment by Sicyone in honor of Démé- trius Poliorcetes. Among the symbols that replace or accompany these names, in some series, the most interesting is, without cons- said, the “little ephebe who is figured in multiple attitudes and on epochal pieces very far from each other, if although we are allowed to think that it is multiple episodes of the same myth local, The varieties under which we appeared in the series previous ones, are as follows: 1° {n° 780 and 785): Kneeling ephebe 1. Xenophon, Hellen., VII, 1, 45; cf. Percy Gard- ner, Cat. Peloponn., p.48, note. 2. L. Muller, Num. of Alexander the Great, No. 864 at 898; Newton, Num. Chron., 1853, p. 29. SICYONE 540 shooting the bow, probably to kill the Sicyonian dove. 2 {nos 787 and 788,: The same ephebe sitting at rest on a rock, holding his bow or a lyre, which made him give the name of Apollo. 3° (no. 814; very later period: 1st century): Ephebe standing, raising his arms and holding with both hands a long ban- knotty delette descending behind her back almost until land; sometimes, in same time, he observes the dove that takes his flight." On later pieces still and which cannot appear here, we see the co- Sicyonian bass in flight, carrying in its beak knotty strip?. Finally, on minted Alexandrian tetradrachms in Sicyone in the 1st century, the same ephebe appears as an adjunct symbol, in atti- varied studies. These tetradrachms form two groups essential, Sometimes the ephebe holds the strip above his head, two hands, following the ritual gesture that we have just analyzed, now, he no longer has the bandage, but he carries his arms in forward, hands open, body inclined as if he had just given rise to the dove. This type is reproduced later, in Sicyone, on bronzes from the im- perial. In 1884, a stone was discovered in Nemea. marble stele which represents the same character holding the knotted strip above his head. I tried hard 4. E. Babelon, Review numism., 1904, p. fig. 5; Numerical mixtures., 4th series, p. 917, fig. 5. 2, E. Babelon, Revue numism., 1904, p. 121, fig. 6 ct 1 — Mixtures, 4th series, p. 97, fig. 6 and 7. 3. This stele was published under the name of Athièle winner in prayer. H. Lechat, Rev. arch., 121,

»41 to demonstrate elsewhere than this character, whose attitude is so characteristic, is a soothsayer in the exercise of his functions. On certain coins, it is depicted with a dove whose flight he seems to observe: it is a scene of ornithomancy. The CO- lombe was a falidic bird and played, as such, an essential role for the oracle of Dodona where the priestesses of the manteion even bore the name of Peliades “the doves.” On bass coins Age of Aegion in Achaia, not far from Sicyone, we see the nymph Phthia following a dove; or, according to local legend, Zeus took the form of a dove to seduce the nymph. All these monuments from the same region, must be reconciled: they activate tion of the various episodes in the life of a deceased Famous wine We see it, on stones engraved, at the end of childhood, trying to Seize the dove presented to him by a goddess, probably his mother or his nurse, and this graceful type is reproduced, without the dove, on coins of Sicyon, struck, some in the name of Alexander, others 1903, IT, p. 205 ct PL XV: € E Babelon, Review numism., 1904, p. 117 — Numerical mixtures, 4° s6- ie, p. 93. 1.Rev. numism., 1904, P. 124, fig. 43. 2. C.F. Rev. numism., 1904, p. 121, fig. 5. SICYONE D42 others, much later, under the Empire Roman. On other currencies, the soothsayer esten hunter; he hunts the dove. Finally, others types monetary and the Nemean stele we show it in the exercise of his manlic art, the hands solemnly adorned with Sa-bands created, open above of his head, palm presented front, head girded with a crown, the face calm and serious, observing the flight of the dove which is in front of him? What name to give to this soothsayer whose le- genre, which we glimpse through our eyes monetary, has not reached us by literary sources? We tilt to think that it is the soothsayer Mélampos which plays such a considerable role in the traditions mythical of Argolis, the Elide, from the Megaride; his legend in fact a hunter who understands the language of birds. Her ass was in honor to historical times in the north of the Pelo- ponnese; statues were erected to him and a large number of other monuments?. 3. See for sources and developments: E. Babelon, Revre numism., 1904, D'HNPaMeres product in Mixtures numism, 4th series, p. 93 to 409 et pl. VI, VII and VII.

CHAPTER-IX ACHAIE $1. — The Achaean League (at Ægion). For the time when we circumscribed the framework of this volume, we must understand through Achaia the Peloponnese region which ran along the Gulf of Corinth to the south, con- ended, in the east, in the territory of Sicyone, in south to Arcadia, southwest to Élide. This narrow but very elongated province has which Pausanias dedicated his VIT li- vre, understood from the town of Pellene in the east to Dymé in the west. She was crisscrossed by numerous flowing rivers profitable who all come down from the plateau Arcadian to rush into Gulf Island . of Corinth. The Achaeans had twelve tees whose respective territories, separated: from each other by these torrents, for- but twelve independent republics. These republics, however, knew how to meet take place in federal assemblies, to settle the matters of general interest, dealing with an external and common enemy. At Lemps of Herodotus, the twelve cities making up the 1. Herodotus, 1, 145. 2, Polybius, I, 41. There were also some other zouwby roy ‘Ayav were: Pellene, Ægire, Ægæ, Bura, Helicé, Ægion, Rhyÿpæ, Patræ, Pharæ, Olenos, Dymé, Trilæa’. In a list given much later by Polybius, we see that Rhypæ and Ægæ, having fallen into decadence, were replaced in the con- federation by Léontion and Ceryneia *. The meeting place of the League was first Helicé, in the famous temple of Poseidon Heliconios that this city had. But following an earthquake, 373, the seat of the Achaean confederation was transferred to Ægion, to the temple of Zeus Homagyrios or Homarios and Dé- mér Panachaia *: this is why the Ly- pes of these deities are constant on the, coins minted on occasion meetings, variegated nions. The cities of Achaia of which we have a suiles monetary are, in alphabetical order;s Ægæ, Ægire, Ægion, Bura, Ceryneia, Dymé; Hélicé, Patræ, ​​Pellene. changes over time. 3. Pausanias, VII, 24; Polybius, V, 94.

It therefore seems that Rhypæ, Pharæ, Ole- n0S, Trilaea and Leontion did not have monetary workshop; we don't theirs, Jus- that here, allocated no currency with cerli- study. Moreover, on the ten monastic cities laries that we have just listed, five of them only owned a workshop bind before the time of reconstitution of the famous Achaean League, when the cities those of Dymé and Patræ shook the Macedonian yoke, in 280. These are: Ægæ, Ægire, Dymé, Hélicé and Pellene!; of these there exclusively we have to occupy ourselves per in this volume. In addition to the specific consequences of each of these cities there is a series of coins who were struck by the Achaean League in genere, on occasion federation meetings rales of which we have spoken, either for recall these assemblies and to pay the public gaming fees and ceremonies who were then celebrated, or especially after the reorganization of the Confederation in 280, for the pay of the armies which en- trérent in the service of the Confederates. The cir- very consistent with the emissions of these coins are sufficient to demonstrate that they had only an OCcasional and in- lermitlent. Before the year 280, we don't Let us know that a period during the- which the Achaean League made people hit 816. — Head of Artemis Laphria (?) ACHAEA — THE ACHAEAN LEAGUE 946 Federal coins: this was after the victory from Epaminondas to Leuctres, in 371, when the Achaean cities, like those of Ar- cadie, felt the need to group together To ward off the common peril, their independence addiction being threatened. These mon- naies are characterized by the word Aya or the monogram D" & We sometimes have them attributed, in error, to the Achaeans of the Phthiotide in Thessaly. After the old city of Helice had been, as we said, destroyed by a earthquake, in 373, Ægion de- came the political and religious capital of xotviv ‘Ayuüv. The delegates of the twelve cities Confederates gathered on the edge of the sea, in a sacred grove called Ho- Magyrion or Homarion ('Ouxyiotoy where 'Ou4- ptov) which surrounded a consecrated sanctuary to Zeus. “There is, in Ægion,” says Pausanias, “at near the sea... the temple of Zeus Homagyrios.. This Zeus took the nickname of Homagyrios because it is in this en- right that Agamemnon gathered the princes chiefs of the Greeks, to hold council with them On how to go about it dre to go and carry the war into the States of Priam…. » 2. Near this sacred wood, stood, in addition, a sancluary of Dé- mix Panachaia, national goddess of Achaean race. , left, with drop earrings el a necklace, hair pulled up and tied above the head. R. AXAION. Zeus Homagyrios or Amarios, seated on his throne, of three left quarters; on his outstretched right hand he binds an eagle which takes its rises, and he leans with his left hand on his scepter; in the field, left. as a symbol, a helmet with a high crest. 1. Percy Gardner, Ca. P. XxxuHI. Volume IV. Peloponnesus, Introd., 2. Pausanias, VII, 24, 1.

L 547 2 95: aeginetic stater, 12 gr. (L) ACHAIA — THE ACHAEAN LEAGUE PI. CCXXII, fig. 19:. 048 817. — Same head of Artemis Laphria, left. BL. AXAIQON. Athena Panachaia or Amaria, advancing to the right and fighting- so much, a large shield on his left arm, and holding his spear horizontally with the lowered right hand. In the field on the right, a helmet. ZR 19: egin. drachma, 5 gr. 16, holed and worn (B) PI CEXXIL fig, 20 7: 818. — Same head of Artemis Laphria, left. BR. AXAIQN. Athena Panachaia or Amaria advancing to the right, fights (ant, as above; the same helmet as a symbol. ZR 17; egin. hemi-drachma, 2 gr. 60 (P) PL COXXII, fig. 21, — 2 gr. 70 (Copenhaque); — 2 gr. 59 RE The remarkable stater No. 816 is a unique copy which was found near from Livadia (Lebadeia) in Boeotia. He is came to stand next to the drachmas and hemidrachms known for a long time, who. belong obviously at the same show #. We varied a lot on the date of these documents and their attribution. Mr. Percy Gardner them in succession classified before Alexander, around 340 BC. BC, then between 302 and 286; he put them away first to the Achaeans of the Peloponnese, then to the Achaeans of Phthiotida. Mr. Imhoof- Blumer, no less uncertain, leans towards favor of the latter °, classification main- run by Mr. Rud. Weil*. The discovery of the stater brought a new element to the problem and allowed Mr. Wroth to clarify the terms. The 1. W. Wrotb, Num. Chrono., 1902, p. 324 el pl. XVI, 4; B. (lead, Hisé. numer., p. #16. 2, Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greek., p. 156, no. 1. 3. Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greek, p. 156, no. 2; Brit. Mus. Cat. Thessaly, p. 48 et pl. X, 11 (classified to the Achaeans of Phthiotida); Leicester Warren, Greek federal Coinage, p. 34 (classified with the Achaeans comparison with the coins of Stym- phale, of Messene and of Pheneus self- laughed to conclude that the entire group of our coins belong to the Achaeans of Pé loponnese and that it was emitted between 310 and 360, at time wars thebans. Mr. B. Head accepted this data which are now acquired °. The place of issue of these coins was certain (mainly Ægion, which became the capital of the Achaean confederation after the descent construction of Helice in 373. We have reported Pele that Ægion had a sanctuary of Zeus 'Auious and Demeter Panachaia, where they meet said the deputies of the Achaean cities. It is difficult to say whether the currencies which occupy us were struck as early as 313 OR a few years later. In 366, the Achaeans were, for a time, the of the Peloponnese). 4. Rud. Weil, Zeit. für Num.,t. IX (1882), p. 244% 5. Brit. Mus. Cat. Thessaly, p. xxix and 48. 6. Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greek., p.156. 1. Rud. Weil, Zeit. für Num., t. IX (1882), p. 2414 $. Wroth, Num. Chron., 1902, p. 324. 9. B. Head, Hist. numer., p. 416 (2nd ed.).

549 allies of the Thebans; but from 362, they sat down associated with Athens, Phlionte, Elis and Mantined against their friends from the day before: currencies could place yourself between 366 and 362. The head of Arlémis, to the right of the stater, very remarkable for its style and elegance original style of his hairstyle, is probably ably, as Mr. Head thinks, Arté- mis Laphria whose cult is strange, originating nary of Calydon, in Aetolia, was imported from good time in Achaia, Messinia and other regions of the Peloponnese. In Pa- træ, Arlemis Laphria had a famous temple lebre which crowned the acropolis and where we admired, in the time of Pausanias, a sta- kills chryselephantine of the goddess, represents felt like a huntress. Celtic archai statue that had been executed by Menaechmus and Soidas, from Naupacle, at the beginning of the 5th century. The Messenians had, for their part, a slatue of Artemis Laphria which was executed ted by Damophon?. The seated Zeus, on the reverse of the stater, is Zeus Homagyrios or Amarios, also called Aphesios; his attitude and his attributes relate shovel the Zeus of archaic coins of Arcadia $. As for Athena fighting- ACHAIA — PELLENE 990 ling, on the reverse, it is Athena ’Auapla, desiring gnée like protective of the League Achaean and thus receiving the nickname of Panachaia, like Demeter with whom she had to identify herself #. The currencies that we have just explained quer were issued to Ægion in the name of the 200) 'Ayav, As for Ægion, she did not emit coins in his name, AITEON, only after the reconstitution of the League Achaean, when it joined there in 275 BC. AD We hardly need reminding than the old and early confederation of the twelve cities of Achaia was dissolved for almost a century, when in 280, at probably instigated by the king of Egypt, Plolémée Ceraunos who was in war with the king of Macedonia, Antigone Gona- tired, she reformed, first affiliating the cities of Achaia, one after the other others, then, all the towns of Peloponnese nese. The new Achaean League played a great political role from 260, epoch that where it gave itself a single leader, under the name of strategist: the most famous of these slrategos were Aratus of Sicyone and Philopæmen who has been called the last of Greeks. $II. — Pellene (or Pellana). Pellene (IesAA#vn) was the city of Achaia the most eastern; its territory bordered that of Sicyon. Far from the sea, from 1. Pausanias, VII, 18. 8 et seq.; 19, 1; Max. Col- lignon, Hist. of the sculpture. Greek, t. I, p. 656, fig. 345. Artemis Laphria frequently appears on the coins of the colony of Patræ at the time Roman; we believes he has identified of replicas 60 stadiums, she was in the mountains lagnes where the giant Pallas had built it, one of the Titans. Another legend gave him sculptural works of Menaechmus and Soidas. 2. Pausanias, IV, 31, 7; Mr. Collignon, op. cit. t. He, p. 626. 3. See above, Description hisl., t. 1, p. 843 et seq. 4. Pausanias, VII, 20, 2.

991 for eponymous founder the Argien Pellen, son of Phorbas and thus grandson of Trio- not ‘. The coins of Pellene begin alone- ment after the victory of Epaminondas at Leuctra, in 371 BC. AD Their types ACHAIA — PELLENE 552 report to Apo.lon Theoxenios, “Apollo protector of strangers ”, who had a famous temple in Pellene and in honor which we celebrated the games called 7héo- zenia. His culle statue, in bronze (2x 42245), is mentioned by Pausanias *?. 819. — Laureate head of Apollo Theoxenios, left; behind, the mongr. M”. BL. MEA in a laurel wreath. ZR15; aegin hemidrachm. (Pozzi) PL CCXXII, fig. 22; — 2 gr. 80 (L) ‘. 820. — Laureate head of Apollo, right; behind, the mongr. TE. Rt. REA in a laurel wreath. ÆR 15; hemidr. egin., 2 gr. 75 (P) PI CCXXII, fig. 23; — other, 2 gr. 82 (L) PL CCXXII, fig. 24. 821. — Laureate head of Apollo, right or left. BR. Ram's head right; in the field, ME. Laurel wreath. Æ16; (Pozzi, P) PL CCXXII, fig. 25 and 26. 822. — Laureate tela of Apollo on the left. BR. TE and crescent; all in a laurel wreath. Æ13; (P) PL COXXII, fig. 27. 823. — Variele, without the crescent (L). 824. — Lyre. R.TI-E. Tripod. Æ13; (Pozzi) PL CCXXII, fig. 28; — other ex., (L) ‘. After 270, Pellene, as a member of the League Achaean, had to hit of coins with the Dorian legend AXAIQON NEAAANEOQN ; in Roman times, the ethnic that on the currencies is TEAAHNEON. 1. Herod:, 1 4%5: Strabo, VIII, 1, 21e6.5 sanias, VII, 26. 2. Pausanias, VII, 27; Head, Hist. numer., p. 415. 3. No doubt IIEA (Te Anvwy). 2 DT UMUS CO TUPElOD- PR, DOME MDIFANI-#0; ; Pau- 3. Brit. Mus. Peleb pen pl NICE 6. Brit. Mus. Pelop., n° 5, pl. VI, 11. The ancients Pumismates classified the coins of Pellene, Pella of Macedonia or Pelinna of Thessaly.

993 ACHAIA — ÆGx 94 S IT. — Ægæ (of Achaia). For coins before 480, see our Descr. hist., t. I, p. 822 to 826 and pl. XXXVIL fig. 6 to 11. From before 480, the coins of Ægæ have to lype a goat's protome, on the right, and the head of Dionysus Pogon on the reverse. The legend is usually distributed over the two sides of the room: ASC on the right, and AION on the reverse (Aiyzxiov); at the same time and on pieces of the same style, the legend AICAÏON is sometimes entirely setback, which does not prevent having, in at the same time, the initials AIC, to the right. This same description fits to pieces from the period after 480: they differ from the previous ones only by their slyle, as we can be sure: these are trioboles or hemidrachms of weight eginetics; there are also a few obols. 1. — Middle of the 5th century. 825. — AIC. Goat shaped to the left, legs folded. BL. AIFA—ION. Bearded head of Dionysus crowned with ivy right. Square er. 2R 15; egin. hemidrachm, 2 gr. 40;-worn (P) PL. CCXXII, fig. 29: — Variety, 2 gr. 67 (L):. 2. — From 431 to 370 BC. AD 826. — AIC. Protome of goat on left, blades folded. B£. AICAION (retrogr.). Bearded head of Dionysus crowned with ivy, right. #R 16; hemidr. egin., 2 gr. 65 (P) PL CCXXII, fig. 30. j; 827. — Varieties in the arrangement of the legends {L)?. 828. — Juvenile, hairless head of Dionysus crowned with ivy, right. Æ. AICAION. Goat standing right. Æ10; Egin. obol, 0 gr. 73 (2) PL CCXXII, fig. 31°. 1. Bril. Mus. Cat. Pelop., p. 16, nos 3, fl LV, 13: 2. Br. Mus. Pelop., p.16, n°5 4 and 6, pl. IV, 4, 5, 6: 3 Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greek, p. 158 names

555 ACHAIA In 370, Ægæ, who had already been in decadence and half-ruined, was defined tively abandoned by his inhabitants who traveled to Ægire. There is no more coins of Ægæ after 370. TA Aegire (A#ysox; ethnic Aysoärns) se located on the Gulf of Corinth, at a distance short distance east of Agæ. This vile was originally called Hyperesia; she took the no of A’ye:0: in circumstances relayed in a fable that explains Island monetary type. “Behold,” says Pausanias, “to what occasion Hyperesia took the name of Ægire. The enablers expected to be attacked by the Sicyonians, and as they did not feel were not strong enough to defend themselves, they decided to round up all the goats that they could find in the country; they attached torches to the horns and lit mothered these torches when the night was a little advanced. The Sicyonians believing that he had come help to the people of Hyperesia and that these fires were those lit their allies, returned to their country and 296 — ÆGIRE We have observed elsewhere that the coins of Ægæ of Achaia were often confused with those from other cities which also bear the name of Ægæ or those which have the goat as their main type *. Aegira. the Hyperesians changed the name of their city in that of Aegire, from the name which means goat. In the belief that Arté elects put who inspired them to this stratagem to defend themselves against the Sicyonians, they erected a temple for him under the name of Ar- Témis Agroléra, at the place where the that of these goats was the most beautiful and who had always walked at the Lèle of others.” Ægire thus founded has no currencies before that the enablers of Ægæ be came strengthen its population. Like we told it above, the inhabitants so many Ægæ abandoned their old probably on the occasion of events ments which followed the victory of Epami- nondas at Leuctra, in 371, and it is at this era that begins the small monetary suite silence of Ægire. 829. — Head of Athena wearing an Athenian helmet, right-handed. BL. AI—FI. Goat's head, with neck, right. Laurel wreath. Æ15; (P) PL COXXIIL, fig. 1°, — other ex. (L). 830. — Same right. B. AIT—I. Protome of a goat leaping to the right. Laurel wreath. Æ14; (L) PL. COXXIIL, fig. 2'. 1: See our Descr. hist., t. 1, p. 823. 2. Pausanias, VIL, 26. 3. Cf. Brit. Mus. Cat. Pelop., p. 17, no. 2, pl. IV, 8: 4, Brit. Mus. Cat. Pelop., p, 17, n° 1, pl. IV, T.

557 ACHAIA Around 274, Ægire entered the new confederation Achaean and knocked, to ordinary types of the League, parts silver and bronze; the ethnic is then AITEPATON. ATo the era Roman we The town of Hélicé (‘Eltx) on the Gulf of Corinth, between Ægæ and Ægion, is already cited in Homer; she was the oldest city of the twelve Achaean cities and it was the capital of xowèv ’Ayawy until the day where it was destroyed by an earthquake greenhouse in 373 ?. Legend attributed its foundation to Ion, the leader of the Ionians who made his residence and gave him the name of his wife, El!xr, city of the river god Selinos who rushes in the sea at the point where the city was built. Helice had a famous temple of Po- seidon, nicknamed Æeliconios, from the name of the city: it was, from the most distant antiquity, — PROPELLER 558 found, on the coins, the form do- rienne, AITIPATAN; then AITEIPATON, sometimes accompanying the type of Artemis Agrotera!. - Helix. the religious center of the Ionians, and after the conquest of the country by the Achaeans it became the religious center of the Achaean League. To the tremor land of the year 373, the city was engulfed during the night by a tide level and all the inhabitants perished. Popular superstilion attributes this dis- be at the revenge of Poseidon Heliconios wanting to punish the inhabitants for what they had refused to the Ionians of Asia Minor permission to make a copy of their antique statue of Poseidon. The coins of Hélicé, very rare and na- turally prior to the disaster of 373, bear the type of Poseidon Heliconios #. 831. — EAIK (retrograde). Telus of Poseidon Heliconios, right, encircled with a headband. All in a crown of marine plants. BR. Trident between two dolphins. All in a laurel wreath. Æ18; (B) PL COXXIIL, fig. 3:. The Berlin Cabinet has two examples please of this piece: they have been found 1. Head, Hist. numer., p. 412. 2. Strabo, VIII, 7, 4; Rud. Weil, Zeit für Num, t. VII, p. 361. See above, p. 546. 3. B.Head. His£. numer., p. 414. in 1861, by Conze and Michaelis, on the ruins of Bura ÿ. # A: Weil, Zeré, jer Nam: ct NI, PLNHL 6 B.Head, His!. num., p. 414. 5. J. Friedlænder, Archaeol. Zeilung, 1861, p.163.

999 ACHAIA — DYMÉ 560 N VI. Er Dyme. The town of Dymé (Aÿur; ethnic, Avuzxios) was at the westernmost extremity from Achaia, no far from the border of the Elide. She doesn't have any change before Tree of Epaminondas and the Thebans in Boeotia, in 371-370!. The oldest are anepigraphs; we can be exposed to the confuse with those of Psophis. Next come those who have the legend AY, and finally the legend AYMA lo) *. 832. — A-Y. Head of the eponymous nymph Aôyr, right, hair raised and rolled up. BR. Pointed amphora. ZR 12; Egin. obol, 0 gr. 80 (P) PI COXXIII, fig. 4. \ 833. Head of the nymph Dyme, right, hair raised and curled. BL. AYMA. Fish, right. Æ17; (L) PL. CCXXIIL, fig. 5°. 834. — Veiled head of Demeter on the right. BL. AY in a laurel wreath. Æ16; (L) PL CCOXXIII, fig. 6:. 835. — Telus of Athena wearing the Athenian helmet, right. BL. AY; underneath, a helmet. All in a laurel wreath. Æ16; (B) PL COXXIII, fig. 7°. Dymé had glory, with Patrae, Pharae and Tritea, to revive the Achaean League in 280. About this time she received a notable increase in population coming of the town of Olénos which was abandoned by 4, Rud. Weil, Zeil. for Num., t. Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greek., p. 162. 2. B. Head, Hist. numer., p. 414. d DU MUS ACUL-RPelOne, pc 0 Sul V2 VII, p. 365; its inhabitants 5. Currencies which are outside: of our present framework, carry, from: this time, the mongr. X, or AXAINN AYMAION. Later Dymé became a colony Latin. 4 Brit. Mus. Cat. Pelop., p. 21, no. 2, 5. Imhoof-Blumer, Coins Greek, No. 31: B. Head, Hist. Num, p. 414. 6. Polybius, 11, 41, 7. pl. V.3 p. 163,)

CHAPTER X ARCADIA The high plateau with a rough surface that forms Arcadia, in the center of the Peloponnese nese, is a vast quadrilateral surrounded by wooded hills, with steep slopes, who isolate it like a fortress. Celtic orographic belt is hardly cut ue by the large notch which allows Alpheus slowly flowing towards the sea and the west. With the exception of the plain al- ongée from Tripolilza, at the ends of where were the two most important ancient Arcadian cities, Mantinea el Tegea, The country is just an inextricable labyrinth e mountains, forests, warm ridges es, of fertile but dead-end valleys, of orrents which rush into cala- Othres. “Let us imagine,” wrote Beulé, “ ne series of accumulated mountains, of which a large number is measured by five or ix thousand feet, deep valleys that nl rather ravines, torrents which flow 1. E. Beulé, The Peloponnese, p. 142. Volume IV. $ | _ — General overview. precipitate among rocks and gorges wild, fir forests at the foot of the snows, snows which, under a burning sun like that of Greece, only melt at the midsummer, long and icy winters, and we will have a more exact idea of the Ar- cadie only dreaming of green meadows and laughing valleys”!. Each canton is isolated from its neighbors by natural walls and forced to live on himself in isolation. Cer- some valleys — like the game-filled slopes du Ménale — are mentioned by the poets of antiquity as a kind of stay idyllic where Pan, salyres and dryads delivered, to the sound of the pastoral flute, to perpetual and joyful frolics. Siles see- sins covered with impenetrable forests mon- as far as the snowy peaks, there were, historical times, still inhabited by last clans of the primitive Pelasgians, verily 36

563 wild tables, men of the woods and caves, which were called "the eaters of acorns”, Bahavoäyot ©. If then, in his together, Arcadia appeared, following the p- pellation of the Ancients themselves, the acro- pole of the Peloponnese, Celtic acropolis surrounded by bastions, was inside, like shredded and divided into a quantity of isolated compartments, forming between them the more striking contrast. “We design to to what extent, said Mr. Fougères, this piece ment of the soil favored particularism politics. In each of these alveoli there is a talla a particular State, reduced to the dimensions sions of a tiny canton; capitals were founded, surrounded by a suburb of cultivable earth... Their importance was proportionate to the extent of their terri- tory? ". This topographical arrangement explains isolation of the Arcadians, the only of Greeks, said the Ancients, who did not see not the sea. By this we understand, ment, sheltered from invasions, they have preserved better than others, the primitive legends and traditions from the most ancient ages. “It is worth noting, said again Beulé, that there are few countries as rich as Ar- cadia in religious and mythological traditions geics, a kind of poetry born el con- served by imagination popular, who brightens the cradle of all peoples, and that those especially keep who prolong their youth and their simplicity” This also explains the particularism A. Ilohhoi ev ‘Aowaôin Bahavrgpdyot dvopes Exouv. Herodotus, 1, 66; Eustath., Comm. ad Hom. Iliad. B, 603; Pausanias, VIII, 1, 6; 44, 4: cf. J. Svoronos, Archaeological Gazette, t. XIU, 1888, p. 279. 2, G. Fougères, Mantinea and Arcadia, p. 11. 3. Beulé, The Peloponnese, p. 146. ARCADIA 564 | distance of each of the cantons of Arca- die, the jealous and irreducible rivalry which | animated them against each other, resistance than the most sensible Arcadians politically, always experienced, share of their racial brothers, to constitute a xowèv Aou, that is to say an association=- federative action similar to that which existed in other countries like Boeotia or Achaia. The whole history of Arcadia, — we will see it by the currencies, - is not that the table of vain lentils made to form an Arcadian Confederation, aiming, while respecting self-) name of each of the associated cantons, celebrate common celebrations to all race and protect the nation against the: enterprises of external enemies. A pa- reil link federal system included the necessary ment the recognition of a relis capital gious, of a protective divinity whose sanctuary served as a rallying center and headquarters for periodic meetings of delegates from all federated cities and for the celebration of the national games. From there; for the chosen city and sanctuary AS center of the Confederation, an honor exceptional, a kind of primacy knew all other cities, related benefits religious, commercial and political. The annals of Arcadia are filled bloody quarrels caused by one or other of the towns of this region to be recognized as the capital of k confederation and by its refusal to accept L honorary supremacy of a rival. Mantinea claimed arci hegemony dienne because of its old sanctuary Poseidon Hippios imported from Boolia from} semi-legendary time of invasions m nyennes; also because of the tomb of Af | | HAS

case, the eponymous hero of the race, of which she enamel the guardian; she finally invoked her Memories relating to Ulysses and an alleged prophecy of the soothsayer Trophonios who would have designated to be the Arcadian capital. The Minyan Orchomenus had ambitions rival lions, under the pretext that she was the oldest of Arcadia, which she had given originally mined on everything the country and that she had lost none of her historic rights lorics, having summer besides the theater main episodes of the myth of the nym- phe Callisto, loved by Zeus, and his son Arcas. Tegea, the richest and most populous Arcadia, also displayed, in because of these advantages, claims to primacy; possessing the head of the Gor- gone and the national sanctum of Athena Alea, the most renowned from the Peloponnese after that of Zeus at Olympia, she had the ambition to make it the center of the deration. Such rivalries were so bitter t so threatening that the attempts at federalism throughout the centuries, never had a universal and lasting effect. However, the currencies have shown us are the Hereans successful, towards the end of 1st century and almost a century lasting, im- dare their hegemony to a large part e Arcadia. After hitting first the currencies to the legend particular PAG») ‘, they inaugurated, around the year 510, mints federal coins at law ende APKAAIKON ©. Their religious city, Lycosura, passed Our being the oldest in the world. She Was founded by Lycaon in honor the A. Description hist., L. I, p. 838. 2, Description. hist,, t. 1, p. 843, ARCADIA 966 of Zeus Lycaios, and the 49 sons of Lycaon were the eponymous founders of the four ante-nine cities of Arcadia’. Masters of National Sanctuary of Mount Lyceum and having themselves vested with the presidency of games ('Apxadmnt àyüves) which were celebrated at Lycosura, the Hereans struck, on occasion sion of the celebration of these games, these mon- nais which attest to their claim to he- gemony on the xotwvèv ’Acxddov. Apart from this cash, the only at- links that functioned in Arcadia before 480 are: Wantinée, type of the bear and the acorn, with the legend MA or MAN(zi0v ?; Thaliadæ, type of Hermes accompanied from legend OAAl to) *; Psophis, to the guy deer and fish, with the legend WO{vtwv) *; Cleitor, with head type horse 5. During the 5th century, coinage federal to the legend APKAAÏIKON continues follows until around 418, a time when the Hé- ræens Are forced, like we the we will see, to restrict their coinage to the minting of local coins which bear only ly the name of Heræa. History from Arcadia to 5th century is very obscure. We know, however, that around 470, following two battles, at Tégéa and Dipéa, she had to accept the hege- Mony of Sparta ©. It's a little later that Mantinea shakes the yoke and becomes powerful by the synoecism of the neighboring cantons sins. At the same time, new towns are born from numismatics, and from the names PADESCEULRS PE ID 1800: 2: DesCR, PiSt up. 862: 3. Description hist., t. I, p. 870. HDESCRANSTENAINDAOTE D DeSCr US, tal D. 818: 5. Ugh. Cavaignac, Hist. of Antiq., t. IT, Athens, p. 56, =

967 that we have just listed, it is necessary to attach dre, for the 5th century, those of Stymphale, Pheneus, Thelpusa, Orchomenus, Alea, Tegea, Pallantion, Parrrhasia. Many, such as Pheneus, Stymphalus, Alea, Pallantion, seem to have opened a monetary workshop only after the peace of Nicias, in 421, had pushed them to ally with Argos, Corinth and Elis, against Sparta’. Only the currencies of Tegea dates back rather to 423, that is to say at the start of his fight with Mantinée. As for Megalopolis, it was built of a piece, under the action of Epaminondas, including the arrival in Arcadia, after his victory of Leuctra, in 371, was an event if considerable for the history of the Peloponnese nese. Arcadia was going to be the issue of the struggle between Thebes and Sparta. First of all, Epaminondas, helped of Mantinean Lycomedes, made him triumph in Ar- cadie the federalist party. To avoid the jealousies from city to city and having, believed- we, with the consent of all, decided not to choose as the capital of the confederation none of the existing cities, but to create a new capital on purpose. It's as well as the foundation of Megalopolis was resolved. All the cities that accepted to talk about the xowàv stopped beating currency: we will thus see it close in 310, workshops of Stymphalus, Pheneus, Thelpusa, Alea, Palantion. The Manti- neans and the Orchomenians bowed constrained and forced. As for the Hereans, strong in their past, they refused to join revert to this arrangement; they were told the war. The city of Heraea was destroyed and from this moment the currencies at law 4. E. Curtius, Hist, Greek, t. II, p. 268 et seq. ARCADIA 568 federal police officer APKAAIKON were struck to the new capital, Megalopolis. But new dissensions broke out within the League from 364. The Confederates had resolved to oppose the occupation from the little place of Lasion by the Eleans, allies of the Lacedaemonians. The Arca-Army diana, helped by the Athenians and the Argives, invaded Elis, seized Olympia and dared plunder the treasure of the temple of Zeus *. This was the pretext that the Man- Tinians to break away from the League: they pretended not to dare to share the responsibility responsible for sacrilege and refused their part of the loot. From there, a new inter- vention of Epaminondas in Arcadia; at the battle of Mantinea which followed, the general ral theban found death, buried in his victory (in 362). From that moment on, the Arca-League dienne slowly disintegrates; impoverished, she stops hitting her beautiful staters to only emit the triobole and its divisions. Orchomenus follows Mantinea in his defection, and this disastrous example is pro= page quickly. From there, in our footsteps monetary, the reappearance of my- local flooding, which, therefore, occurs simultaneously with the poor fe currency derailment that Megalopolis continues to strike. We will see examples of this, not only lies in Mantinea and Orchomenus, but in Cleitor, Stymphalus, Pheneus, Tegeus. Much more, on particular currencies of several of these cities dissidents: like Orchomenus and Tegea, we find the federal monogram, Æ, which attests le claim of these cities to want, they also, knock in the name of the xovèv ’Apxidwv. 1. G. Fougères, Mantinea and Arcadia, p. 452.

569 After the death of Philip of Macedon who, the day after Chaeronea, had made in the Peloponnese a rapid demons- tration against the Lacedaemonians, these resuming their dream of domination over Ar- cadia, resolved the ruin of Megalopolis. While Alexander pursued his victims tories in Asia, the king of Sparta, Agis ILL, helped by the Eleans and the Mantineans, came lay siege to the walls of Megalopo- read: it was in 331!. The Macedonian regent Antipaler succeeds in repelling the aggression: only he installed himself as master in the city which he had just delivered and left The Arcadia League barely survives except in name dienne. He gave Megalopolis a constitution oligarchic tulion at the same time as a garrison. The whole of Arcadia suffered from during the Macedonian yoke. The monetary lypes of cities arca- diennes relate most commonly to the mythical traditions of each city. There is no unity or national style, like the Boeotian shield, for example, for the cities of Boeotia, because the Arcadians did not succeed, apart from attempts that we have mentioned, to to constitute, on the bases of an agreement common, a xotvôv ’Apxäwv, However, at ARCADIA —— THE ARCADIAN LEAGUE 970 the time of Epaminondas, or shortly after his died in 362, we see several cities of Ar- cadie emit, each with its own types individuals, of magnificent stalers also remarkable for their beautiful style as well as for the interest of the figures. There are some beautiful pieces of this kind at Stymphalus, at Pheneus, at Mé- galopolis. At the same time, apart from Arcadia, we strike beautiful staters analogous to Sicyone, to Argos, to Zacynthus and elsewhere, In Arcadia, the other cities do not strike no divisions above the drachma or even triobole. The wool of all currencies is the weakened eginetic standard. Smaller divisions sometimes have valuable marks, as in Corinth, in Argos, in Elis, in Cranion, in Sicyone. So the letter E is the mark of the hemiobolus at Cleitor, Mantinea, Pallantion, Psophis, Te- aged. The {ritartémorion has the TTT brand at Mantinea as at Argos, at Cranion, at Elis. The obolus is represented by the initial of the city, in Tégée (T), Mantinée (M), Par- rhasia (P), or sometimes marked O and even OA (S5:k6<) on small minted coins in Heræa (n° 850). Trihemiobolus is re- presented by EEE in Heræa and Tegea?. SII. — The Arcadian League. (to Heræa). For coins from the Archaic period, see our Historical Description, volume [, p. 843 to 850, et pl. XXX VIII, fig. 8 to 18. By describing the oldest broadcasts monetary unions of the Arcadian League, we 1. G. Fougères, Manlinée el l’Arcadie, p. 472. we demonstrated that the workshop where they were struck swords the pieces to the legend APKAAÏKON 2. Percy Gardner, Catal. Pelopon., Introd., p. xx.

511 ARCADIA — THE was Heræa (‘Hoz!x), the first capital of zowoy ’Apxädwy 1, Hemidrachms or trioboles which bear this federal legend suddenly succeed, around the year 490, to those which previously bore the name of Heræa, EPAlwy). They continue, with the same federal legend, during most of the 5th century. The ARCADIAN LEAGUE 5712 parts we will describe form consequently the indiscontinuous sequence of those that we have given and explained queried in t. [, p. 843 et seq., as elant the oldest currencies of the Games which were celebrated at Lycosura, on Mount High school (Aoxzdtzxüv dywvuwv). Group To. — Coins struck at Heræa in the 10th century, until 418. 836. — Bearded Zeus Lycaios, seated right on a throne with back, chest naked, his legs draped, the folds of his cloak thrown over his left arm; above his arm, an eagle takes flight; with his left hand he leans on his scepter, and the right hand, drawn back, rests on the seat. A:. ARKAAIKON. Head of diademed Despoina, right, streaked hair and tied in a knot at the back of the neck. Hollow square. ZR15; triobole egin., 2 gr. 89 (P) PI CCXXIIT, fig. 8°. 837. — Bearded Zeus Lycaios, seated left on a throne, bare chest, draped legs, holding on his outstretched right hand an eagle that beats its wings, and bringing the left hand back to its seat. RL. ARKAAIKON. Head of Despoina right, diademed, her hair streaked and rolled into a bun; around the neck, a necklace. Hollow square. ÆR 15; triobole egin., 2 gr. 91 (Luynes) PL COXXIII, fig. 9:. 838. — Variety. Zeus leans with his left hand on his scepter. In countermark, an Îyre. Æ. ARKA. Head of Despoina right, hair pulled up in a bun, streaked and held by blindfolds; around the neck, a necklace. Hollow square. ZR15; triob. egin., 2 gr. 90 (P) P1. CCXXIII, fig. 10. 839. — Variety, with ARKAAIKO (Jameson) PL COXXIIT, fig. 11'. LSDPSCHELIST EU hp e8301et-850; 3. Variety of our pl. XXXVIII, No. 15 (Descr. 2. Variele from our pl. XXXHIV, No. 8 and 11. hist.,t. 1, no. 1231). ; (Descr. hist, vol. I, nos. 1224 and 1227). 4, Cat, Jameson, No. 1272,

L L) : . his D13 ARCADIA — THE ARCADIAN LEAGUE 840. — Same right. BR. HONIAANGA. Head of Despoina, on the right, the hair bun held by strips. Hollow square. 2R 16; triob. egin., 2 gr. 95 (Boston) PL CCXXIIL, fig. 12!. © —{ Æ arranged in 841. — Same right. BR. ARKADIROH (retrograde), Head of Despoina to the right. Hollow square. ÆR 12; obol egin., Ger 9%(Z2) PI CCXXIIT, fig. 13: 842. — Bearded Zeus Lycaios, seated on the left on a throne whose back rests ends in a swan's head; with his outstretched right hand he gives rise to a eagle and he leans with his left hand on his scepter. BR. ARKAAIKOH (retrograde). Head of Despoina on the left, with a diadem surmounted by three olive leaves *: her hair in bands on her forehead, are tied at the nape of the neck and form a long spindle on the neck. Hollow square. ZR15; triob., 2 gr. 78 (Luynes) PL. CCXXIII, fig. 14: — 4th. 80th 843. Same description. ZR10; Egin. obol, 0 gr. 80 {Pozzi) PL CCXXIII, fig. 15: — other (Lie 84%. — Same right. B£. ARKA.. (retrograde). Head of Despoina right, with decorated diadem of three olive leaves, as above. Hollow square. 2 15; triob. egin., 2 gr. 75 {P)P1. CCXXIII, fig. 16. 845. — Same right; Zeus's feet are on a high stool. Be. ARKA. Head of Despoina to the right, her hair surrounded by a double band water and tied on the neck in an elongated tuft; around the neck, a necklace. Hollow square. ZR15; triob. egin., 2 gr. 96 (P) PL. CCXXIII, fig. 17. 846. — Bearded Zeus Lycaios, seated left on his throne, bare chest, » r . $: L . Legs draped, giving rise to an eagle of the right hand 1 leaning on left hand on his scepter. 1. K. Regling, Sammlung Warren (in Boston), 3. Like Athena's helmet on the currencies No. 947. from Athens. se 2. Brit. Mus. Cat. Pelop., p. 112, no. 32, 4. Brit. Mus. Pelop., p. 171, no AMD NNNTESTS pl. XXXII, 2. 5. Brit. Mus., n° 20, pl. XXXI, 19.

979 ARCADIA — THE ARCADIAN LEAGUE 576 BL. ARKAAI. Head of Despoina to the right, her hair raised and knotted boul on the back of the neck; around the neck, a necklace. Hollow square. ÆR 15: triob. egin., 3 gr. 07 (P) PL. COXXIII, fig. 18. 847. — Same right. B.ARKA. Head of Despoina, left, her hair surrounded by a headband, wavy at the temples and tied at the neck in an elongated tuft; on the neck, a necklace. Hollow square. ZR 13: triob., 2 gr. 95 (Pozzi) PL COXXIIL, fig. 19 and 20. — 2 gr. 95(L)*. 848. — Same right; the eagle flies to the right. BL. ARKA. Head of Despoina on the right, her hair dotted and surrounded by a wide headband. ZR15; triob. egin., 2 gr. 89 (L) *. 849. — Same right; the eagle flies to the left. BL. ARHAAFO (sic, retrograde). Head of Despoina right, diademed, Islands hair wrapped in fishnet; around the neck, a necklace. Æ& 13: triob. egin., 2 gr. 82 (L) *. 850. — Zeus Lycaios seated left, holding his outstretched right hand an eagle spread and leaning on his scepter on the left. BR. To — O (— oèeké). Tela of Despoina-Artemis, left, diademed, having a necklace. Hollow square. A 11: tritartemorion egin., 0 gr. 65 (B) PL. COXXINI, fig. 21 ee This small piece (n° 850) is attached by its types, both to the currencies which we legend APKAAIKON, and to those who re- take the name of Heræa {hereinafter no. 1000 et seq.). Indeed, Mr. Imhoof-Blumer to observed that if the Zeus Lycaios, of right, is similar to the type of previous pieces, the female head, from the reverse, is identical to the head of Arlémis which we will see later. The cult of Artemis was confused with that 1. Bril. Mus. Pelop., p. 110, no. 17, pl. XXXI, 117. 2. Brit. Mus., p. 171, no. 25, pl. XXXI, 23. 3. Brit. Mus., p. 1171, no. 28, pl. XXXI, 24. 4. Jmhoof-Blumer, Griech. Münzen, p. 534, (10), of Despoina; this is why Arlémis succeeds yields to Despoina as a monetary lype to Heræa: her bow attribute does not allow to misunderstand it *. The OA legend is a mark of value as we will meet others on the coins of Heræa (hereinafter, no. 4005 et seq.). This is the beginning of the word oÿek6s for d6ek6e or 86066. The form ôèeh6<, we | grammarians learn, belongs pl. 1.18; Num. Chron., 1895, p. 271, 11]. 5. Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greek., p. 197; cf. our Description hist., t. 1, p. 859.

571 ARCADIA — THE ARCADIAN LEAGUE 5178 to the Aeolo-Dorian, Arcadian and Cree dialects form ddek6c, 60h ev, futodehtov meets you?, in Tegea, in an archaic inscription also at Delphi, at Megara, in Crete, at that, we at 65:16 for 66sk6ç?, This same Taranto? 891. — Same right. BL. ARKA. Head of Despoina to the right, her hair surrounded by a headband and tied in a tuft at the nape of the neck. Æ15; triob. egin., 2 gr. 90 (Jameson) P1. CCXXIII, fig. 22:. 892. — Variety, with ARKAAIKOH (Pozzi) PL. CCXXIIL, fig. 23. 853. — Zeus Lycaios bearded, seated facing, Lorse naked, Legs draped; on his hand dr. an eagle that beats its wings: with its hand 8. it leans on its scepter. Bt. ARKAAIKON. Head of Despoina right, diademed, hair tied on the neck in an elongated tuft; around the neck, a necklace. ZR15; Wriob. egin., 2 gr. 95 (Pozzi) PL. CCXXIIL, fig. 24. —_ other (ES 854. — Zeus Liycaios seated on the right, the eagle resting on his left wrist and Leaning with his right hand on his scepter. BR. ARKAAIK. Head of Despoina, three-quarter view to the right, hair held back with headbands and arranged in a bun. ZR15; triob. egin., 2 gr. 96 (Jameson) P1. CCXXIIL, fig. 25 5. 855. — Same right. RL, APKAAIKOH (retrograde). Head of Despoina, three-quarter view to the right, hair arranged in a bun and held in place with bands. Hollow square. ÆR 15; triob. egin., 2 gr. 91 (P) PL CCXXIIL, fig. 26 *; — other (Pozzi) PI. CCXXIII, fig. 27. 856. — Variety. Zeus Lycaios is seated left (P) PL. COXXIII, fig. 28. 857. — Zeus Lycaios, standing facing, looking left, legs draped; on his hand dr. raised, he holds an eagle which flaps its wings; in the left hand. lowered, a pale; his scepter placed on the ground is resting on his left arm. 1. Imhoof-Blumer, Num. Chron., 1995, p: 211: 4. Catal. Jameson, No. 1270. cf. Meyer, Griech. Grammalik, 2nd 6d. 1886, p.32, $26; 5. Brit. Mus. Pelop., p. 110, no. 14, pl. XXX{, Meister, Die Griech. Dialekle, t. U, 1889, p. 205. fig. 16; other, with Zeus seated facing, pl. XXXII, 4. 2. V. Bérard, Bull. corr. hell., 1889, p. 285. 6. Catal. Jameson, No. 1273. 3. Cf. this Treaty. Part One, Theory 7. Variety of our pl. XXXVIIT, fig. 17 (Descr, el Doctrine, t. 1, p. 498. hist., t. I, no. 1234). Volume IV. | 37

579 ARCADIA — THE ARCADIAN LEAGUE 580 RL. ARK..... Head of Despoina from the front, hair arranged in small locks around the forehead and in a bun at the nape of the neck. Æ15; triob. egin., 2gr. 87 (Luynes) PL COXXIIT, fig. 29'. 858. — Same right. RL. [ARKAAIK]OM. Head of Despoina right, hair curled and held back naked by blindfolds; around the neck, a necklace. Æ15; triob. egin., 2 gr. 94 (Boston) PI. CCXXIII, fig. 30°. 859. — Zeus Lycaios seated left. on his throne whose file ends at the top swan; from the hand of dr. he leans on a long scepter and places it on his knee hand left. opened to receive an eagle which flies in front of it to meet it. BR. APKA… Head of Despoina on the left, her hair held in a fishnet that wraps the entire head; around the neck, a necklace. Hollow square. Æ15; triob. egin., (Pozzi) PL. CCXXIIT, fig: 31, 860. — Same right. RL. ARKAAIKO (retrograde). Head of Despoina to the right, hair in curls gnon and held by strips. Hollow square. ÆR 15:triob. egin., 2gr. 95 (Boston) PL. CCXXIII, fig. 32”. 861. — Zeus Lycaios seated left. on his throne, leaning on his hand g. on his scepter and giving his hand dr. the soaring of an eagle flying away from him. BR. ARKA. Head of Despoina to the right, her hair pulled up in a sausage around the head. Hollow square. ZR15; triob. egin. (Pozzi) PL. CCXXIII, fig. 38. 862. — Same right. BL. ARKA. Head of Despoina to the left, streaked hair, raised around the head, and a loop tied at the apex above the forehead. Hollow square. ZR 15: triob. egin., 2 gr. 95 (Luynes) PL CCXXIIT, fig. 34. 863. — Variety; Despoina's head is turned to the left; differences of hairstyle and more recent style (?) PL COXXIII, fig. 35 and 36:. 1. Variety of our pl. XXX VIII, 18 (Historical descr., Boston), No. 941. En0M235) 3. K. Regling, Samml. Warren, No. 941. r : 2 : u D) L 2. K. Regling, Sammlung Warren (at the Museum of 4. We have pointed out that, sometimes, Des-

»81 864. — Even right. around the head. Hollow square. in front, uncertain letters. The types of this obol {n. 865) remembers relate to an episode from Arcas's childhood, son of Zeus and Callisto. The reverse depicts feels Arcas abandoned, after the murder of his mother, and having fun with the carefree of a child, when Hermes discovered it and took him away to entrust him to Maia's care. Other episodes of this legend are in- interpreted on the coins of Pheneus. Following the bloody disturbances rent the Peloponnese in 420 and in the following years, the Lacedaemonians, under the conduct of their king Agis LH, having beaten in August 418, the Argives, the Mantineans We have just noticed that, of 418 approximately until 371, date of victory poina takes on the appearance and attributes of Artemis Hymnia, the goddess of songs pastoral. Description hist., t. 1. p. 856 to 859; cf. Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greek, p.191. 1. Calal. Jameson, b. 1274. ARCADIA —— THE ARCADIAN LEAGUE 982 Be. Without leg. Head of Despoina right, diademed, hair pulled up R 10; Egin. obol, 0 gr. 97 (Jameson) PL CCXXIILI, fig. 37!. \ 869. — Laureate head of Zeus, right; behind, P—A (retrogr. —’Apxäioy (?): B. Ex. APKAZ. The young naked Arcas, crouching in Lerre, from the front, looks standing to the left, leaning on the ground with his left hand and appearing to play to the ossicles of the right hand. Concave field. ZR 11; egin. obol, 1 gr. (P) PL CCXXIV, fig. 1 ;: — other ex. (Lambros) ?. they Confederate Athenians, found themselves predominant in Arcadia. The previous coinage stops as a result of this battle of Mantinea. The Heræ- together, before the injunction of Sparta, lasted renounce their claim to hegemony over Arcadia and stop presiding over the games of Mont Lycée which were no longer celebrated over a long period of time. The From then on, the Heraeans minted coins purely local who, instead of the federal legend APKAAIKON, carry the name of their city, EPAI (uv), then HPAIQN (see at Heræa, hereafter, K XIV). Group B. — ‘Coins of the Arcadian Lique established by E’paminondas, from 370 to 363 (struck at Megalopolis). from Epaminondas to Leuctres, there was no longer of coins struck for the Mont games 2. Lambros, Peloponnesos (in Greek) p. 110, pl. Ir, 15; cf. Comnos, Rev. num., 1865, p.161 and MISCELLANEOUS 3. E. Gurtius, Greek History, t. III, p. 288 and next ; G. Fougères, Mantinea and Arcadia, p. 44, 395 and 5175.

083 High school, in the name of xotvèv ’Apxièwv. During the intervention of the Thebans in the Pelo- ponnese, following the victory of Epami- nondas at Leuctres, in 371, the Heraeans were not allowed to assert new their claims to arcane hegemony dienne. Furious to see their demands- rejected, they allied themselves with the Lacedae monians against their racial brothers. It was the cause of their loss. The Arcadians, with help Thebans, destroyed Heræa to punish her for her defection. At the same time, Mantinea rebuilt became a great fortress; then, on the advice of Epami- nondas, we decided to create a city new which, independent of rivalries of bell towers, would be the federal capital of all of Arcadia: this was Megalopolis, where were now hit the currencies federal to the legend APKAAIKON or to the monogram Æ. Pausanias ! extends with complacency on the entirely artificial foundation of this new capital of Arcadia, “the great city", which he calls the latest Greek cities, vewtérn rokswy. To found Megalopolis, he says, the Arcadians named ten ækists (otxisru), that is to say, elected a commission of ten members, composed of Mantineans Lycomedes and Hopoleas; of Tegeates Timon and Proxenos; of Cleito- nothing Cleolaos and Acriphios; of the Menalians Eucampidas and Hieronymos; Parrha- his Pasicrates and Theoxenos ?. We perhaps we will find some of these names on coins. The 40 towns or villages whose inhabitants so much, out of zeal for the public good and by 1. Pausanias, VIIT, 27 et seq. 2. G. Fougères, Mantinea and Arcadia, p. 431. ARCADIA — THE ARCADIAN LEAGUE 84 hatred for the Lacedaemonians, agreed to abandon their homes, are listed by Pausanias; among them, there are some who, until then, had had a monied workshop silence; some, like Pallantion, Thel- pusa, Alea disappear from numisma- tick; others, like Stymphale and Phe- born, suspend their coinage since Megalopolis must strike for all xo:vov; finally there are some who mark their protest against the new state of affairs in con- maintaining their particular coinage: it is the case of Mantinea and Tegea. In fact, the first my enthusiasm cooled, there were tensions, repentance, bad ones wants. Force was used to force the recalcitrant. From the beginning, do we have said, Heræa was destroyed; Man- tinied, Orchomenes had to bow momentarily sorely. This is not the place to show, with historians, that the position of Mega- lopolis, in a large plain in the south of Arcadia, cut by a torrent, Hélisson, tributary of the Alpheus, was poorly chosen. This was never anything other than a huge retreat camp ché, 45 kilometers from Sparta, and in which imprisoned 70,000 inhabitants *. Capital of the Arcadian League, Megalo- polis struck, from the first day, mon- born in the name of the League, that is to say having a wildcard character. These currencies are characterized by the monogram Æ (’Apxädwv), formed from the assembly of the three letters APK, which appears on all parts. The first are staters of a remarkable what artistic beauty. 1. Puillon-Boblaye, Morea Expedition, p. 168; G. Fougères, Mantinée and Arcadia, p. 34 et seq.; Loring, Excavations at Megalopolis, 1892.

D89 586 ARCADIA — THE ARCADIAN LEAGUE 866. — Laureate head of Zeus Lycaios, left. B. Young Horned Pan, naked, sitting on the left on a rock on which he extended her chlamys; he looks straight ahead, slightly tilting his head to the right: with his left arm he leans on the rock and with his right hand he stands his staff (12/666)0v); at his feet is his syrinx and on the rock we read OAYM. In the field, on the left, the mongr. & (—APK). ZR 23; stat. egin., 12 gr. 22 (P) P1. COXXIV, fig. 2; — other ex., 11 gr. 92 (L); 11 gr. 95(B):. 807: — Variety, with OAY; 12 gr. 34 (L)?. 868. — Variety; on the rock, the letters XAPI (The Hague). PL CCXXIV, g..3.*. 869. — Variety, without letters on the rock; 11 gr. 62 (P) PL. CCXXIV, fig. 4. The stalwarts who precede us pre- feel, to the right, a magnificent lype of the Zeus of Mount Lyceum or Lycaon, son of Pelasgos. Lycaon is, in im- brought to Arcadia by mid-century invasions nyennes, the father of Nyctimos and 49 others son, the eponymous founders of cities of the Arcadian nation. “As for Pelas- gos, being the father of Lycaon he personifies the oldest ethnic element of Arca- die, and we see how, through this filiation, was symbolized the fusion of the two races from which came the Arcadian race. The Pelasgians primitive people had Pan as their primary deity mordial Ÿ; all the mountain peaks of Arcadia were dedicated to him, with sanctuaries, oracles, mystical caves well-maintained and frequented by shepherds ©. From the Pelasgic period, summarizes 1. Brit. Mus. Cat. Pelop., p. 173, no. 49; R. Weil, Zeit. für Num., t. IX, p. 28 et pl. IT, 4. 2. Brit. Mus., no. 48, pl. XXXII, 10. 3. Time. für Numism., t. TITI, p.288, pl. VII, 1. 4. Description hist., t, 1, p. 853; Roscher, Ausf. Leri- M. Fougères, the cult of this pastoral god was installed on Mount Lycée; there subsisted concurrently with that of Zeus Lycaios. This is why on our staters, the national deities appear: on the right, Zeus Lycaios and on the reverse the Pelasgic Pan sitting on Mount Lyceum. This type of Pan is the reproduction of the statue reported by Pausanias as adorning the temple of Zeus Lycaios in Megalopolis: There is in this temple, he said, a statue of Pan in marble; we nickname him Sinois, epithet which comes, I believe, from the nymph Sinoé who raised him together with the others nymphs 7”. The intervention of the nymphs in this legend suggests that the fable of the nymph Syrinx is the origin: the presence of the syrinx at Pan's feet confirms this induction. Russian songs- con der Mythol., v. Lykaon. 5. G. Fougères, Mantinea el Arcadia, p.200; cf. our Descr. hist., t. 1, p. 854. 6. Beulé, The Peloponnese, p. 121. 1. Pausanias, VIIL, 30.

ARCADIA — THE 987 ticks, dances, the music of the shepherds arcadians are praised by poets: soli cantare perili Arcades. Polybius claims even though a law obliged all Arca- say to learn music up thirty years! The letters OAYM and OAY on the one hand, el XAPI, on the other hand, represent the initials of an engraver artist name or a name of a monetary magistrate? We have even expressed the opinion that the letters OAYM were the beginning of the name of the mountain at the foot of which they are vees; Arcadia too, like Thessaly, Mysia, Elide, actually had its Mount Olympus {the Lyceum)?. But the presence letters XAPI, in the same place, on similar parts, does not allow stopping now to this interpretation. The names that we have in abbreviation are nouns of men: 'Oloumos, "Ohouréov, 'Ours, "OXurty0c, *Olvurt5dw0s, etc. ; Xaotore 5, Xaolônmos, Xapixkte, Xapivos, etc. The character artistic of the monetary type, as well that the modest and hidden place that occupies get the name, and the tenuity of characters, suggest that it is rather a question here of names of engraving artists. By a coincidence dence at least singular and well suggestive tive, we know a gem engraver from 15th century, named after OAiur:0s, to which we owe an Eros shooting a bow, on a carnelian from the Berlin Museum. Furtwaengler believes that the engraver of this gem is the same 1. Polybius, 1V, 20. 2. Pausanias (VIII, 38.2) positively says that the Arcadians sometimes gave the name Olympus at Mont Lycée: rù Aÿxarnv ‘ uxhodot ÔÈ autd —xai "OAvunov, tai lepdv ve Éteoor tov 'Aoxdôwy 40905. © 3. One Charisios, son of Lyeaon, is given by Pausanias (VII, 3, 4) as the eponymous founder from the Arcadian city of Charisiæ. ARCADIAN LEAGUE D88 artist as the engraver of the monetary coin signed OAYM’. We can, in support of this opinion, point out that there exists a another engraver of monetary coins of which we have also found the name on gems an- ticks: it’s Phrygillos who signed magnificent Syracusan coins *. Only, it will be objected, how can imply that two engravers signed two identical works and who, deep down, does not are only one? It is by relying on this observation and on the presence of names of magistrates on the documents which will follow, that some scholars are rather of the opinion that on our magnificent Arcadian staters, he It is rather appropriate to recognize simple political magistrates. However, the names of magistrates or their initials, that we are going raise just now, are placed openly in the field of the parts and in no way dis- simulated at the foot of the rock on which Pan is seated. Why wouldn't we have followed this usage on the previous staters? Other opinions barely deserve to be recorded. For example, one who would like recognize in XAPI the name of X2pis10c, one of Lycaon's sons; or else, the one who claims that the abbreviated words OAYM and XAPI would aim to devote the souvenir of the Arcadian Games on the occasion of which the staters would have been struck: OAYM would allude to the 104 Olympiad (364 BC) celebrated by the Arcadians; 1. Ad. Furtwaengler, in the Jahrbuch de l’Inst. arch., t. 111, 4888, p. 121 et pl. IL, fig. 1; Beschr. of the Geschnillenen Steine im Antiquarium zu Berlin, no 351; Die antiken Gemmen, t. He, p. 677, 8, Ten INIeS 2, Ad. Furtwaengler, in the Jahrbuch, t. excluding tax, 1888, p. 197 and pl. VII, 4; Fr. Lenormant, The currency in Antiquity, t. WE, p. 258.

589 XAPI would recall Charisia or Charitesia, Agonistic games celebrated in honor of Charites. We must reject conjectures also subtle *. All in all, the hypothesis of two artists ARCADIA — THE ARCADIAN LEAGUE 590 engravers, executing monetary coins analogues, is still the one I prefer. In Syracuse, Cimon, Evainèle and others also practiced on the same theme ar- tistics. 870. — Laureate head of Zeus Lycaios, left; behind, the letter 1. R. Beardless, horned Pan, seated on the left on a rock: he raises and extends his right hand, palm upwards; with his left hand lowered he holds his lagobolon leaning against his shoulder; at the foot of the rock, the syrinx; in the left field, Æ; on the right, 1. ÆR 17; lriob. egin., 2 gr. 89 (P) PL COXXIV, fig. 5; — 2 gr. 80 (L) ?. … 871. — Varieties; on the reverse, the letters: A (Pozzi), M, I, X (P) PL CCXXIV, | fig. 6 and 872. — Head of Young Pan, beardless, on the left, with small horns of goatee on the forehead; in The field, on the right, a variable letter. Be. The monograph. & ; below, the syrinx; in the field, a variable letter. ÆR 12; aeginetic obol, 1 gr. at 0 gr. 85. Varieties. To the right. on the reverse. | — T1 (/) PI. CCXXIV, fig. 8. nothing — M (?) nothing —— Q (Luynes) PL. CCXXIV, fig. 9. 873, — Head of a young beardless Pan, on the right, his hair short and raised, and having small horns above the forehead. B. The monograph. Æ occupying the entire field; below, PO. Æ19; i8) PL CCXXIV, fig. 10:. 874. — Same head of a young Horned Pan. BR. The monograph. Æ; below, syrinx; in ch., variable letter. Æ 19: (P). 1. On the question, see in particular: Fr. Lenor- mant, Money in Antiquity, t. 1, p. 84, note9; A. von Sallet, Zeif. für Num., t. 11, p. 6, p, 138 and 246; Imhoof-Blumer, Zeif. für Num. t. T1, p. 289; J. Friedlænder, Zeit. für Num.,t. VI, p. 11: Percy Gardner, Catal. Peloponnesus, p. 1x; G. Hill, Historical Greek Coins, p. 195; Rud. Weil, Zeit. für Num., t. IX, p.28; B. Head, Hist. number, p. 45; Pauly-Wissowa, Real Encyclop., v. Charites; V. Bérard, Origins of the Arcadian Culles, p. 54-55. 2. Brit. Mus. Pelop., nos. 51 and 52, pl. XXXII, 11; Rud. Weil, Zeit. für Num., t. 1X, p. 294, pl. IT, 44. 3. Rud, Weil, Zeil. für Num., t. IX, p. 29 and PI: 1016:

591 ARCADIA — THE ARCADIAN LEAGUE 592 Varieties of letters on the reverse: À (L); -- N (P) PI CCXXIV, fig. 11; — T1 (2) PL CCXXIV, fig. 12; — (Pozzi), PL. CCXXIV, fig. 13; — MOA (L). 875. — Head of a young Pan coruu, hairless, left or right. &. My. Æ; below, the syrinx; in ch., variable letters. Æ16. Varieties of letters on the reverse: © E (P) PI. CCXXIV, fig. 14; — (Pozzi) PI. CCXXIV, fig. 15, — (B)!. 876. — Laureate head of Zeus, left. Be. The monograph. Æ and syrinx. All in a laurel wreath. Æ20; (P, L) P1. CCXXIV, fig. 16*. According to one ingenious conjecture of Mr. Rud. Weil, the letters FO and OE which represent the magistrates who signed the bronzes nos. 873 and 875, are perhaps the initials of the names of Ilosswxpoarns and @25- Esvos, which are given by Pausanias as the two founders of the city of Parrha- his own and who are among the ten commissioners appointed for the foundation of Megalopolis *. It would therefore be possible that Possicrates and Theoxenos would have been responsible for organizing the workshop nelar of the new city and the sur- official monitoring of its first pro- duits. While considering this conjecture like plausible, we must observe that we have not, until now, found an explanation analogous cation for other initials which are perhaps those of the successors of Possicrates and Theoxenos in the direction and administration of the monetary workshop of Megalopolis. 1. Rud. Weil, Zeit. für Num., t. IX, p. 29. 2. Brit. Mus. Pelop., p. 175, no. 75, pl. XXXII, 19. 3. Pausanias, VIII, 27, 2; Rud. Weil, Zeit. for Coinage Federal of Megalopolis appears to have been quite intermittent in the middle place of wars and‘ revolutions which, from 365, fill the history of the League arcadian *. The beautiful ones signed staters OAYM and XAPI are from the beginning of this mon- nayage, that is to say 370 or 369; it's also about the time of the beautiful sla- mothers of Argos, of Stymphalus, of Pheneus, of Messene. Subsequently, the workshop of the Federal League only issues trios boles, obols and bronzes. After the death of Epaminondas in 362, the League partly disintegrates. Its currencies go away felt by their neglected style and their weakened weight. Finally, in the 1st century, Megalo- polis stops issuing fairytale currencies rales, that is to say who wear the mono- gram Æ. She meekly replaces this monogram by the initials of his name, ME; the guys remain the head of Zeus Lycaios and Pan seated on the rock. Num., t. IX, p, 29; B. Head, Hisé. num., p. 445; Percy Gardner, Catal. Peloponnesus, Introd., p. Lx, 4. See above, p. 561.

593 ARCADIA — STYMPHALUS 594 S III. — Stymphalus. The town of Er$pvxX0s (ethnic Ervpodlos) was, of all Arcadia, geographical- closest to Phlionte, Sicyone and Pellene. Mount Cyllene dominated to the north and separated it from Achaia. Although the territory of Stymphalia was separated from Argolis by Phliasia (or Phliontides), Pausanias says: “The Stym- phalians are no longer ranked among the _Arcadians and they are part of the peoples of the Argolis among which they placed themselves themselves voluntarily. However, they are Arcadians of origin, as evidenced by gne Homer; Stymphalos, their founder, was grandson of Arcas, son of Callisto! ". Stymphalus is famous in mytholo- gie as having been the scene of one of the great works of Heracles : destruction of the birds of Lake Symphale, exploit which recalls the fights of the Pygmies be the cranes and which is described by Pausa- nias?. These birds looked like the following Sogne, crane or ibis. On the mon- naies, Heracles is supposed to strike of clubs on birds which are not figurative; but on other monuments the heroes Read on them with arrows. The oldest coins of Stym- phale do not predate the peace of Nicias, in 421 BC. AD Group To. — I 420 to 370 BC. AD 877. — Hairless head of Heracles wearing a lion's skin, right. BL. ZTYMŒAAION. Head of an aquatic bird topped with an emerald egret giant basket of marine plants and flowers, right. {R 14; triobole egin., 2 gr. 50 (P) PL CCXXIV, fig. 17: — 2 gr. 46(L)5. 878. — Same head of Heracles. BL. ZTYMDAAION (retrograde). Head of aquatic bird, right. ZR 12; Egin. obol, 0 gr. 96 (P) PL CCXXIV, fig. 18. 879. — Variety, with XTYM *. 880. — Variety, with the non-retrograde ZTYMDAAION legend; O0 gr. 75 (Luynes) PL. COCXXIV, fig. 19. 1. Pausanias, VIII, 22, 1. 2. Pausanias, VIII, 22, 4: “There was once, said Pausanias, on the lake of Stymphalus of the birds who lived on human flesh and whom Heracles killed with arrows. However, Pisandre de Camiros Volume IV. claims that he did not {ua them, but that he chased them away by the noise he made with rattlesnakes. » 3. Brit. Mus. Cal. Pelop., p. 199, no. 1, pl. XXXVII, 1; [mhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greek., p. 206, no. 263. 4. Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greek., p. 207, no. 264. 38

595 ARCADIA — STYMPHALUS 596 881. — Variety; in the reverse field, T—Y. ZR 12; obol, 0 gr. 86 (Luynes) PL COXXIV, fig. 20; — 0 gr. 80 (L)”. 882. — Variele, with the head of Heracles, left. R 12; Egin. obol, 0 gr. 78 (L). 883. — Same types, with the legend ZT. Æ14; (B) PL. COXXIV, üg. 21°. This coinage ceases during the foundation of Megalopolis, in 370. From this date, the latter city mints currency for all the xowèy ’Aoxädwv., But the mon- local watering resumes from the moment of disintegration of the Arcadian League, after the death of Epaminondas in 362 *. Group B. — From 362 to 350 BC. AD There was an ancient sanctum at Stymphale tuary of Artemis Stymphalia on the roof from which, according to Pausanias, we saw re- presented the birds killed by Heracles *. In the cella, there was a gilded wooden xoanon of the goddess; along the walls of the building, statues of white marble were lined up, representative young people girls with of legs of birds (Mermaids?). The old man xzoanon of Artemis Stymphalia remained venerated as a cult statue; but we did sculpt, around 362, another statue of the goddess whose magnificent effi- gie on the staleres which follow and which make during to those that we issued, a little previously before or at the same time, in Megalopolis in name of the Arcadians, in Tegea, in Pheneus and some other cities. Mr. Barclay Head thinks that these staters were struck during the games which were celebrated in the honor of Artemis Stymphalia *. 884. — Head of Artemis Stymphalia, laureate, right, hair raised and tied above the head, strands on the neck; earrings and necklace. BL. ZTYMDAAION. Heracles beardless, naked, advancing to the left, and brandishing holding his club above his head; with his left hand, he holds his bow and his lion skin wrapped around the arm; at his feet, the letters ZO (initials of a magistrate's name). ZR 93; stat. egin., 11 gr. 45 (P) PL CCXXIV, fig. 22; — other, 12gr. (L)°. 4. Brit. Mus. Cat. Pelop., p. 199, n°5 2 and 3, pl. XXX VII, 2. 2. Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greek., p. 207, no. 265. 3. See above, p. 567. 4. Pausanias, VIII, 22, 7. 5. Pausanias, VIII, 22, 8; B. Head, Hist. number, p. 453. 6. Brit. Mus., Pelop., p. 199, no. 6, pl. XXXVI, 4; B. Head, Hist. numer., p. 454; Calal. Jameson, no. 1267. n ss

297 ARCADIA — PHENEA D98 885. — Head of Artemis on the right, hair in a corymb. Bi. ZTYM®A. Bow and quiver. Æ20; (L) PL CCXXIV, fig. 23: The magnificent staters of Stymphalus tele, shortly after their broadcast, it was say around the middle of 14th century, servile- copied, except for the legend, at Chersonese of Crele? At Stymphalia their strike lasted & IV. Pheneus (D:ve5s) appears to have succeeded the town of T'haliadæe of which we have given currencies, all from the period ar- chaic (Descr. hist., t. I, p. 870, n° 1243 and 124%; pl. XXXVIIL, 21 and 22. Pheneus was northwest of Slym- phale, in the upper valley of the Aroanios, in- surrounded by fir forests which cover the foothills of Mount Cyllene and nearby tee of a lake devastating floods. We showed in the side of the mountain the location of a lake other than Heracles had come to dry out #. The floods of little time; the workshop of this city ceased, moreover, to operate towards the middle of the 4th century, for an unknown cause. He had to be reopened, momentarily, at the time of the Achaean League, around 235 BC. AD Pheneus. these lakes, fortifying the plain, favored horse breeding; hence the legend of journeys of Ulysses to which allude monetary types, alongside Hermes, his mother Maia, and Arlémis ESstrxz, the goddess “who finds the horses”. It does not appear that the mint of Phenea was opened before the time of the peace of Nicias, in 421 BC. B.C., beginning of a new era for most of cities of the Peloponnese which broke away then from Sparta‘. Group To. — From 421 to 370 BC AD 886. — Naked Hermes, seated left, on a two-step base. BR. OF. Aries standing left. /R 11; Egin. obol, 0 gr. 95 (Z) PL. CCXXIV, fig. 24°. 1. Bril. Mus. Pelop., n° 1, pl. XXXVII, 5; Imhoo- Blumer, Monn. Greek., p. 211; No. 266. 2. Svoronos, Num. of ancient Crete, pl. II, fig. 20 at 23; To. von Sallet, Zeit. für Num., t. II, D 4125 3. G. Fougères, Mantinea and Arcadia, p. 36. Puillon-Boblaye, Geogr. on the ruins of the Morea, p.153, relates that in 1828, the waters of the Lake Phenea rose to more than 300 meters at above their norinal level, as a result of the obs- construction of a catavolre or underground drain, like we in meeting enough frequently in Arcadia. See also: J., W. Backer-Penoyre, Journal of hellen. Sludies, t. XXII, 1902, p. 228 to 240. 4. B. Head, Hist. numer., p. 452; E. Curtius, Hist. Greek, t. HI, p. 268; cf. above, p. 567 and 582. 5 W.Wroth, Num. chron., 1896, p. 90, no re pl. VIT, 5: Jonrn. of Hellen. Sludies, t. XVII, p. 88; B. Head, Hist. numer., p. 452.

599 ARCADIA — PHENEA 600 887. — Hairless head of Hermes on the left, short hair, brushed aside on the back of the neck. BL. DENIKON. Grazing bull, right, a caduceus in relief on the shoulder. R 15: egin. triobole, 3 gr. (L) PL CCXXIV, fig. 25; — 2 gr. 99 (B)!. 888. — Same right. Bz. oE. Ram standing, left. Æ12; egin. obol, 0 gr 89 (L) PI. COXXIV, fig. 26 889. — Hairless bust of Hermes on the right, the petase thrown back on the nape of the neck, the chlamys knotted on the chest. B.E (above). Aries standing, right. Æ13; Egin. obol, 0 gr. 70 (P) PL CCXXIV, fig. 27. 890. — Variety, with DE in front of the ram (Pozz). 891. — Variety; above the ram, a caduceus. Æ 13: egin. obol, 0 gr. 89 (P) PL. COXXV, fig. 1; — 0 gr. 80 (B) *. 892. — Variety; under the ram, AP. Æ13; obol, 0 gr. 80 and O0 gr. 69 (L) *. 893. — Hairless head of Hermes on the right, the petase thrown back on the nape of the neck. B. ENEON. Aries standing right; below, 21. Æ18; (P, L) PL COXXV, fig. 2°. 894. — Same tel of Hermes. &. OF. Aries standing right; below, ZI. Æ15; (P) PL COXXV, fig. 8. 893. — Variety, without letters under the ram (P) PL CCXXV, fig. 4. 896. — Protome of ram, right. B. D—E, on each side of a caduceus. Æ13; (L) PL CCXXV, fig. 5; — other ex., (B) *. Pheneus' workshop was closed in 370, when of the founding of Megalopolis, capital news from xotvèv ’Aoxiwv. After death of Epaminondas in 362, the Arcadian cities- 4. Brit. Mus. Pelop., p. 193, no. 1, pl. XXXVE, 1; Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. gr., p. 205, no. 254, pl. E, 135. 2. Brit. Mus., No. 2, pl. XXXVI, 2. 3, Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greek., p. 205, no. 255. having returned to their particularism local, Phénée reopened his workshop and com- began the issuance of the following coins, including the series continues until the third century. 4. Br. Mus. Cat., nos. 3 and 4, pl. XXXVI, 3. 5. Brit. Mus. Cat., No. 8, pl. XXXVI, 6. 6. Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greek., p. 206, no. 258; Bril. Mus. Cal. Pelop., p. 193, no. 6, pl. XXXVE, 4. OPN

601 ARCADIA — PHENEA 602 Group B. — I 362 to 300 BC. J-C. 897. — Head of the nymph Maia, crowned with ears of corn, right, hair statements; she has a necklace and earrings, Bt. ŒENEON. Hermes walking to the left, with hasty steps and turning away head; he is beardless and naked, wearing a petase, his chlamys resting on his arm left on which sits the young Areas who extends his arm, as if to show find the way; with his right hand, Hermes holds the caduceus: in the field right, behind Arcas, his name, APKAZ (in small letters). ZR 2%; stat. egin., 12 gr. (P) PL CCXXV, fig. 6; — 11 gr. 16(L)*. 898. — Variélé, without the name APKAZ; the leg. DENEQN otherwise arranged. ÆR 24; stat. egin. (Pozzi) PL CCXXV, fig. 7. 899. — Varieties, with variable letters between the legs of Hermes: DEN ar AD". © — (Brussels) *. 900. — Same head of the nymph Maia, but on the left. &. Hermes carrying young Arcas; between the legs, the letter ©. ÆR 24; stat. egin. (L)*. 901. — Head of the nymph Maia, left, hair raised and crowned born from ears; she has earrings. BR. DENEON. Hermes seated left on a rock which represents Mt. Cyllene; he is naked, with the petase on the back of his neck and the chlamys on the shoulders; with his right hand he holds his caduceus, and with his left he leans on the rock. In front of him, in small letters, OHPI. ZR 21; egin. drachma, 5 gr. 63 (Jameson) P1. CCXXV, fig. 8; — other (Poza) PL CCXXV, fig. 9; — other, 5 gr. 29 (L)’. 1. Brit. Mus. Pelop., p. 194, no. 13, pl. XXXVL, 7; 4. W. Wroth, Num. Chron.; 1894, D.5; 08 pl Zeil. für Num., t. IX, p.35 et pl. IT, 8; P. Lambros, Imhoot-Blumer, Journal int. of arch. num., t. XI, Peloponn. (in Greek), pl. XVI, 8. 1908, p. 94, no. 280, pl. VI, 40. | 2. Lobbecke, Zeit. for Num., 1. XXI, p. 261 and 5. Catal. Jameson, No. 1266; Brit. Mus. Cal., Di: VIII, 41. n° 4%, pl. XXXVI, 8; Imhoof-Blumer, Journ. int. 3. From coll. of Count Albéric du Chastel. Imhoof- of arch. num., t. XI, 1908, p. 93, n° 215 DI-AVIS6e Blumer, Journal. int. of arch.num., L. XI, 1908, p.94, Catal. of well known urchaologist and traveler No. 219, pl. VI, 39. (Arthur J. Evans), No. 125; Benson Sale, No. 581.

603 It is necessary maybe recognize on these drachmas the signature of the artist engraver OHPI(xÀ%<). We know Théricles of Co- ARCADIA — PHENEA 604 Rinthe, who executed painted vases, wooden works, bronze vases and may have engraved monetary coins?. 902. — Same head of the nymph Maia. BL. DENIKON. Bull standing right; on his shoulder is engraved a caduceus in relief; under the bull, the letter P, ÆR 14; triob. egin., (Pozzi) Pl. CCXXV, fig. 10; — others, 2 gr. 80 (L); 2 gr. 81 (Luynes). 903. — Same head of Maia, on the right or on the left. B. D—E, to the right and left of a caduceus. Æ18; (P) PL CCXXV, fig. 11*. 904%. — Head of Maia (?), right. R2. OF. Dog sitting right. ÆR 8; hemiobolus egin, 0 gr. 42 (B) PI. CCXXV, fig. 12°. 905. — Head of Artemis Heurippa, right, hair tied on the summit, the quiver on the back. B. E. Running dog to the right; below, the svrinx. Æ15; (B) PL COXXV, fig. 13:. 906. — Bust of Artemis Heurippa, right, with bow and quiver on the shoulder. BL. DENEON. Horse grazing to the right; below, my. Æ; to ex. HP. Æ17; (B) PL CCXXV, fig. 14°. 907. — Same right. RL. OF. Caduceus in a crown. Æ13’. The legend of the coins of Pheneus is sometimes DENIKON and sometimes DENEON, without that we can argue from these two forms to clear a system chronological. Later, in Roman times, the ethnic 1. F. G. Welcker, Kleine Schriflen, t. WI, p.449, et seq.; Heinrich Brunn, Geschichle der griech. Künst- And Ip. iZ 2. Brit. Mus. Cat., No. 15, pl. XXXVI, 9; Imhoof- Blumer, Journal. int. of arch. num., t. XI, 1908, p.93, n°276 pie SCREW 31. 3. Br. Mus. Cat., n°S 17 to 20, pl. XXX VI, 10. 4. limhoof Blumer, Monn. Greek. p. 205, no. 256; monetary is DENEATON. With Perxiv for bevxmby, one must imply sevxüy &yovoy véuour, by assimilation with the coins which bear 'Agxadtwiv, Olvurtmôv, etc. %. There were famous games at Pheneus Journal int. of arch. num., t. XI, 1908, p. 93, no. 271, HE AENERT 5. Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greekqg., p. 205, no. 257. 6. R. Weil, Zeit. für Num., t. IX, p. 317, pl. I, 10. 1. B. Head, Hist. numer., p. 452. 8. See what we said about the ending -IKON. Description hist., t. T, p. 890 et seq.

605 in honor of Hermes. that we called Epuaia! : it's up to them opportunity that the beautiful staters which precede have been struck. Hermes was the national god of the Pheneates. We cite a boar's head carrying the votive inscription EPMANOZ DENEOI; the first word is undoubtedly the genitive of ‘Epuns; it is therefore a dedication to Hermès by the Pheneates? The nymph Maia to the world Hermes on Mount Cyllene and this is why Hermès is essentially an Arcadian god 3. Cyllene {today Mount Ziria) one of the highest peaks of Arcadia, which dominated the two plains of Stymphalus and of Pheneus, was crowned by the temple of Hermes Cyllenian (Epuñs Koltvwos) where we worshiped an old xoanon of the god: The statue of ‘Esus Ko] Añvtos, dil Pausanias, is made of lemon wood and it seemed to me be about eight feet high #. » But there was, in the city of Pheneus, a another statue of Hermes much less an- cienne and which interests us to the point of numismatic view: “Hermes, said again Pausanias, is that of all the gods for which the Pheneans have the most devo- tion; they celebrate games in his honor whom they call Hermeans ('Eppat), and they built him a temple where he has a statue in marble; this statue is the work of the Athé- nien Euchéir, son of Euboulides » this It seems that we find an influence praxitelian in the gorgeous guy 1. Pausanias, VIII, 14, 10. 2. This monument is in the Winterthur Museum. Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greek., p. 205, note. See for dialectal particularity: Ph. Lebas, Voyage arch., Explanation. of Inscriptions., t. 1, p. 186. 3. V. Bérard, From the orig. Arcadian cults, p.271. 4. Pausanias, VIII, 17, 2. 5. Pausanias, VIII, 14, 10. ARCADIA — PHENEA 606 of Hermes carrying on his arm the young Arcas (staters n°5 897 to 900). It's there, undoubtedly, a reproduction of the statue executed by Eucheir. Only, like the Minting of the currency is placed around 369, it follows that the statue of Pheneus was not the work of those sculptors of the name of Euchéir which are known historically. He there was, in Athens, a family of sculptors where they have long perpetuated, alternately nance, the names of Euboulidès and Euchéir”. The first known Euboulides, worked in the second half of the third century; sound father who was certainly called Eucheir is not old enough to have been able to execute ter a statue of which a copy can be found on a medal from the year 362. If then our beautiful monetary type reproduces a statue executed by an Eucheir, it must be admitted the existence of a Euchéir, son of a Eubou- lides, more than a century before the first members of this family who are cited by the authors. But when we know that Praxiteles himself- even came to work for several cities of Arcadia, we begin to suspect that the sculptor who executed the statue, Praxitelian movement and style, figured on our coins, could good be Praxiteles himself. This statue which does not would have nothing to do with the one Pau speaks of sanias, was worthy of being compared lele with a another Hermes of Praxiteles: that of Olympia who represents Hermes relating to his arm Dionysus child ?. Let's notice in Besides, that in the no less famous bas-relief from Mantinea, 1. M. Collignon, Hist. of the sculpture. gr. t. II, p. 620. 2. Max. Collignon, Hist. of the sculpture. Greek, t. I, pl. V (out of text, p. 292-293),

607 work also of Praxiteles, who represents Apollo, the Scythian slave and Marsyas playing of the double flute, turning around, attracts study of this last character is narrow- ment related to that of Hermès on our staters!. We already know that the type of Hermes carrying the young Arcas se reports at myth of Callisto. It's on Mount Cyl- lène whom Callisto, killed by Arlémis, left orphaned the child she had from Zeus and who found himself exposed to death from abandonment donation. Zeus sent Hermes to search for him. Hermes having found the young Arcas, took him in his arms to return him to his own mother, Maia, who took charge of raise him? On the coins of Pheneus, the ram, who is the animal specially dedicated to Her- mes, and the caduceus which is the ordi- nary of this god, are self-explanatory. The admirable head of a woman, on the sla- teres and small divisions, n° 897 to 904, is the adequate copy of the famous head of Are- thuse, signed by Evainète, on the medallions of Syracuse. The same monetary type has was also copied by the Messenians, the LocriansOpontians and Larissa of Thessaly at the same time. What was his name? we in Pheneus? We called her for a long time Eleusinian Demeter. We already know that Demeter Despoina was the main female divinity of Arcadia *. Pausanias tells us further: “The Pheneates have a 1. Compare: J. Svoronos, Journ. int. of archaeol. numism., t. V, pl. XII, fig. Bet T'; Max. Collignon, Hist. of the sculpture. Greek, t. IT, p. 259. 2. Apollodorus, IL, 8, 2. See above a obol in the name of the Arcadian Confederation, p. 582, n° 865 et pl. CCXXIV, fig. 1. 3. V. Bérard, On the origin of the Arcadian culles, D120- chmotreDeser list 1; D 508; ARCADIA — PHENEA 608 temple of Demeter Eleusinian; they celebrate the mysteries of the goddess, the same way, to this that they claim, let them be celebrated at Eleusis. The Phenea- you believed that Demeter had come of Eleusis to teach them agriculture. But the Demeter of the Eleusinian mysteries is veiled, and its ordinary type does not match not with the monetary image that we have under the eyes. She is a nymph, — the nymph- phe Aréthuse, — which Evainèle engraved for Syracuse; he is consequently more logical to think that in Pheneus we wanted also make a nymph of this same figure. This is why, given the local legends that we have reported, we will adopt the opinion of Mr. Imhoof- Blumer who proposed to recognize, on our currencies, instead of Demeter Eleusi- nienne, the nymph Maia, mother of Hermés*. Pausanias mentions to Pheneus an Arte- mis Heurippa (Eÿsirr2) $, thus nicknamed because she had helped Ulysses find his mares. In gratitude, Ulysses founded the cult of the goddess in Pheneus. We must therefore without hesitation give the nickname from Heurippa to the Artemis of the phe- nean n° 905 to 907. The grazing horse is undoubtedly, at the same time, one of Ulysses's escapes and the allri- goal of the horse-god, Poseidon Hippios, which Odysseus dedicated a statue in Celtic town because it is in the meadows of Pheneates that the king of Ithaca found his mares *. 1. Pausanias, VIII, 14. 2. Imhoof-Blumer, Journ. int. of arch. num., t. XI,0 1908, p. 93. ] 3. Pausanias, VIII, 14, 4, 5: Percy Gardner, Brit Mus., Catal. Peloponn., p. 195. | 4. G. Fougères, Manlinée and Arcadia, p. 60. | 5. Pausanias. VIIT, 14, 6. Cf. B, lead, His. naked-

609 The latest currencies recorded below above lead us to an advanced date from the 1st century. Later, we find him in Pheneus bronzes which still have the bust of Her- mèês and the grazing horse; once, this ARCADIA — CLEITOR 610 Lype is accompanied by the name of a pontiff from the temple of Hermes : ETTI IEPEOZ (sic) EPMAZOOY:. These bronzes must date from the time of the Achaean League. $ V. — Cleitor. For coins from the Archaic Period The oldest coins of Cleitor of which we described a Specimen in our archaic series (t. I, p. 819, n° 1253), are classified, by their style, in the first mid-fifth century. They do not wear any workshop name: but on the indications of Prokesch-Osten who collected some number of copies on the ruins themselves of Cleitor, we admit their attribution to this + See our Descr. hist., t. 1:D8112 87101 city? The type of horse, protome or of the horse's head, also suitable well to several other workshops, even outside from the Peloponnese: : nevertheless, the attribution of these pieces does not seem doubtful. He is the same for anepigraph pieces that we describe below (nos. 908 to 910), which date from the beginning of the 5th century. This coinage continued until around 440. Group A. — From approximately 480 to 440. 908. — Protome of a galloping bridled horse, right. . Four hollow triangles arranged like windmill wings. ZR 13; triobole egin., 2 gr. 80 (B) PI. CCXXV, fig. 15:. 909. — Same description, but the horse protome ZR10; obol egin., on the left. 0 gr. 93/2) PL CCXXV, fig. 16:. 910. — Variety, the horse protome on the right. ZR 10: egin. obol, 0 gr. 91 (P); — other (Pozzi) PL CCXXV, fig. 17 and 18. 911. — KAETO. Naked, beardless rider, galloping left, holding the reins with both hands (one of the Dioscuri). 07., p. 452; G. Fougères, Mantinea and Arcadia, + 229 and 240. — On Poseidon [ippios, see our escr. hist., t. I, p. 867. 1. Imhoof-Bluner, Monn. Greek., p. 206. 2. Prokesch-Osten, Archaeol. Zeilung, 1849, p. 95; Volume 1V. cf. our Descr. hist., t. I, p. 879. 3. Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greek., p. 181. 4. Inhoof Blumer, Monn. Greek., p. 187, no. 166. 5. Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greek., p. 187, no. 168. 39

(TE ARCADIA — CLEITOR 612 B. Concave field divided into eight triangles by lines in relief which cut in the center and form a star. ZR 16; triob. egin., 2 gr. 93 (L) PL CCXXV, fig. 19. 912. — Horse at liberty, galloping to the right. BR. The letter E in a square of dotted lines. Hollow square. Æ 9: hemiobolus egin., 0 gr. 45 (B) PL COXXV, fig. 20 The attribution of triobole No. 911 is certain, the introduction of the shape H, alas, in because of the legend. We read it before the Greek alphabet. The reverse guy of this KAHTO or KAEITO; the real one reading triobole represents one of the Dioscuri, Cas- KAETO was given by Mr. Imhoof-Blumer Lor or Pollux: Pausanias indicates, near who observed that this form KAETO ximity of Cleitor, a temple of the Dioscuri is correct, with long E; she attests that where we noticed their bronze statues*. the coinage dates from the time before Group B. — From 362 to 300 BC. AD Cleitor appears to have been among the of Epaminondas, in 362. It is indeed, Arcadian cities which regained their freedom judging by the style, from this of action and their autonomy after death date, that the next coinage begins. 913. — Head of Athena wearing the Attic helmet, right. B.HAN. Horse galloping to the right, lead floating above him. Æ13; Egin. obol, 0 gr. 77 (P) PL CCXXV, fig. 21:. 914. — Variety, with A behind the head of Athena. ZR 13: egin. obol, 0 gr. 72 (Luynes) PL COXXV, fig. 22. 915. — Head of Athena, left. 2. KAH (retrograde). Galloping horse, right. ZR 12; Egin. obol, 0 gr. 90 (Pozzi) PL COXXV, fig. 28; — another ex. (L}°3 916. — Head of Athena wearing an Athenian helmet, left or right. BR. KAH or HAN. Bridled horse, galloping to the right; basically, a #eta el une flying owl. Æ19; (B) PL. CCXXV, fig. 24°. 1. Brit. Mus. Cat. Pelop., p.119, n° 2, pl. XXXIII, 5. Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greek., p. 188, no. 115; 9: Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greq., p.181, n° 169. Brit. Mus. Pelop., p. 119, n° 7 to 9, pl. XXXUH, 12. 2. Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greek., p. 187, no. 171. 6. Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greek., p. 188, no. 171 3. Pausanias, VIII, 21, 4. and 178. 4. Imhoof Blumer, Monn. Greek., p. 187, no. 172.

613 917. — Head of Athena, left. B.KAH. Galloping bridled horse, right: ARCADIA — CLEITOR 614 in front, the #eta; behind, a conical shape symbol. Æ 15: (B) PL CCXXV, fig. 25:. 918. — Head of Athena, left. Be. KAH. Galloping bridled horse, right; basically, the meta; underneath, the letter A. Æ 19; (L)?. 919. — Same right. B.KAH. Galloping bridled horse, right. Æ19; (Pozzi) PL. COCXXV, fig. 26. 920. — Head of Helios facing, surrounded by rays, long and short. R. KAH. Cornupet bull on the right, on a base; in high, in the field, a variable symbol. ÆR 17; aeginetic triobole. Varieties of symbols: Centaur brandishing a branch, galloping to the right, 2 gr. 52 (Luynes) PL. CCXXV, fig. 27 5. — Ivy leaf, 2 gr. 10 (P} Pl. CCXXV, fig. 28. 921. — Variety; to ex. on the reverse, AAMIT. Æ17; triob. egin., 2 gr. 54 (L) 4 922. — Radiated head of Helios, facing. R, The monogr. K or K. Æ13; (P, L, Poz:i) PL COXXV, fig. 29 and 30. 923. — Variele, with the mongr. K. Æ 13; {P) PL COXXV, fig. 31. 924. — Variety, with the monogram, H. Æ 13 *. 925. — Radiated head of Helios from the front. Be. KAH in a laurel wreath, Æ 10: (B) PL CCXXV, fig. 825. 926. — Head of Helios in profile, right. BL. KAH in a laurel wreath. Æ 10 7. The currencies that carry the legend KAH or the monogram composed of these 1. Imhoof-Blumer, op. cit., no. 179. 2. Brit. Mus. Cat. Pelop., n° 11, pl. XXXIII, 14. 3. Other Brit. Mus. Cal., p. 119, no. 4, pl. XXXIIT, 11; Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greek., p. 188, no. 183. 4. Aäpirros. Bril. Mus., n° 6. On another ex, Imhoof-Blumer thought he read NOMIT. Monn. Greek, P. 188, no. 181. three letters, were often classified as Cleones of Argolis %. Their attribution to 5. Imhoof-Blumer, Monn. Greek., p. 189, nos. 184 and 185. 6. Imhoof-Blumer, no. 189. 1. B. Head, Hist. numer., p. 441. We will see Thelpusa bronzes similar to this one, except for the legend; hereinafter, no. 939. 8. See above, p. 483, note 2.

615 Cleitor is made certain by this done that a horned bull, like that of the coins, is engraved in the head of a de- pimp's license found in Delphi and returned in favor of Charidamos, citizen of Clei- tor’. This decree, which dates from around 300 ron, proves that the bull horns elail, at that time, the rapisnuoy (weapons) of Cleitor, and that's why he forms the type reverse of the currencies of this city. As for the type of horse, accompanied often of a column or meta which passes sometimes grooved, it is an allusion to the horse races which took place periodically ARCADIA — PSOPHIS 616 dically in the small plain of Cleitor, in honor of horse-god, Poseidon Hippios. In the mythical legends of Arca- die, the god Pan, the oldest and most popular of the Arcadian gods, identified with Helios. He had a character at the same time solar and pastoral However, in some cities, like Megalopolis, this is the characteristic (pastoral era which dominates; in others, like Cleitor and Thelpusa, it is the charac- solar earth; hence the monetary type which represents the Arcadian god surrounded of rays. $VI. — Psophis For coins from the Archaic period, see our Descr. hist., t. T, p. 874 to 877 et pl. XXXVIIL, fig. 23 to 29. Group B. — From approximately 470 to 431. 927. — Protome of a leaping deer, right. B&. X-O (—Lo). Fish, diagonally in a hollow square. Æ9; obole éginet. (Pozzi) PL CCXXVI, fig. 1*. 928. — Leaping deer, right. BR. Without leg. Fish, diagonally in a hollow square with grit. Z 11; ob. egin., (Pozzi) PL. CCXX VI, fig. 2:. 929. — Protome of a leaping deer, right. Re. HC—O (— Lo). Swimming fish, right. Concave field. ÆR 11; obol, 0 gr. 76 (P); 0 gr. 74 4. Perdrizet, Bull. corr. hell., t. XX, p. 557-558. 2. G. Fougères, Mantinée, p. 193 and 311. 3. See our Descr. hisl., t. I, p. 815, no. 1249, pl. XXX VIII, fig. 25. (Luynes) PL COXXVI, fig. 8 and 4°. 4. See our Descr. hist., t. 1, p. 814, no. 1245, pl. XXXVII, fig. 29. 3. Varieties of our pl. XXXVII, fig. 27; style less old. To