The Ancient Coins of Northern Greece, I: Dacia and Moesia — vol. I — 1898

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The ancient coins Northern Greece, UNDER THE DIRECTION OF F. IMHOOF-BLUMER PUBLISHED FROM THE KGL. ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. VOLUME I Dacia and Moesia edited FROM BEHRENDT PICK. BERLIN. PRINTING AND PUBLISHING BY GEORG REIMER. 1898.

The ancient coins FROM Dacia and Moesia edited FROM BEHRENDT PICK. FIRST HALF VOLUME. BERLIN. PRINTING AND PUBLISHING BY GEORG REIMER. 1898.

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The compilation is commissioned by the K. Academy of Sciences of the ancient coins of northern Greece. The first volume of which The first half is hereby published and covers the Greco-Roman coins the Roman provinces of Dacia, Upper and Lower Moesia as well as those of the adjoining the coastal areas of the Black Sea up to the mouth of the Borysthenes; the the second is intended for Thrace, the third for Macedonia, although the imperial Alexander's coins are excluded. Editing the first and second The band has Mr. Behrendt Pick in Gotha, the third Mr. Hugo Gaebler's in Berlin taken over. The plates included in this volume are in the photographic version Brunner and Hauser Institute in Zurich under the direction of our member of the Mr. Imhoof-Blumer in Winterthur. If at all for Greco-Roman antiquity research, the orderly one Compilation of the material received is required and in the management of the If this aspect has to be the main consideration for collection work, this applies to an even higher degree than on the archaeological and the epigraphic the field of numismatics. It's not just a matter of composition which technically belong together but are stored in a variety of places pieces, but, as a rule, each embossing often conflicts with each other in several there are additional impressions on each side, for a comparative treatment of the previous lying pieces, on the identification not of the individual copy, but of the imprint. The publication of the catalogs of individual museums can be carried out by the scientific from a technical point of view can only be seen as preparatory; the methodical The goal is the publication if not the stamp, which cannot be achieved, but of the same character. This is the aim of the present treatment of the northern Greek coins to approach. It is based on a careful examination of the literary Material, such as on the most complete examination possible in the accessible Originals present in the cabinets. So far, every numismatic publication is only has joined the previous ones and none has attempted to break through completely use to replace the older ones. The purpose of this paper is to study coinage from the incompleteness associated with constant repetition of the same material

VI PREFACE. consistency of all special catalogs and of the numerous in the processing of the Individual pieces are unavoidable, but then not infrequently continued over a long period of time. to free ourselves from errors by simplifying and reviewing what is already there, the difficult for the expert and almost unattainable for other users. to promote visibility of the facts currently being determined. The academy gives hope that you have taken the right path. Berlin, November 1898.

PREFACE OF THE EDITOR. Because when I published the ancient coins of Northern Greece, I... Editing of the first volume fell to me, so I have the task of working on this one To note what is necessary about the layout and furnishings of the work. If the goal should be achieved, a work for the chosen area create in which the researcher and the collector the numismatic material — that known, which has so far been scattered in countless places, and the new, which has not yet been found anywhere was published, — in as complete a manner as possible and with due criticism collected and easy to use thanks to a clear arrangement, we had to the originals are included in all collections and all the older and newer ones Literature should be exhaustively excerpted. About all the details of these twofold Alphabetical lists at the end of the volume provide further information on the collected work information; only a few general comments need to be made here. The public and private collections throughout Europe - with taking some hard-to-reach or completely inaccessible places - are of visited us, and thanks to the hospitality we found everywhere, We were able to describe their holdings of northern Greek coins and so far it seemed desirable to be shot. In some private collections and from coin dealers, some of whom also have a commendable understanding of ours Companies showed, sometimes also in public collections, where we were particularly We limited ourselves to the reasons for which not enough time could be given the more important pieces; With such a selection there is certainly one every now and then Interesting coin has not been described, but care has been taken to ensure that at least nothing remained that had already been published. This recording of the originals happened in Paris, Great Britain, the Netherlands and in Munich by Mr Johannes Svoronos, who also made many other contributions to the work has; Most of the remaining collections were taken by myself. Only in the public collections in Athens, Berlin, London and some smaller, for which modern catalogs are available in print, a new recording was published their stocks are unnecessary because the descriptions in these catalogs correspond to ours

VIII PREFACE. could be treated equally; Where it seemed necessary, however, the descriptions were included revised from the originals, either by ourselves or occasionally by other specialists, but most often by sending casts and other information from the officials. In particular, I have here Mr Dr. I would like to thank Gaebler, who not only took the pressure - more attentive than myself - not only on this occasion, but also on the coins of the Berliner Cabinets that I had mostly only used according to the catalogue, regularly Yieu compared and thereby helped to eliminate some errors. Also new acquisitions, the these and other collections after publication of the catalogs or after We were told many times during our visit; for such nights I am particularly lazy to a greater extent, Mr. Arthur Löbbecke in Braun- silent and indebted to Mr. D. E. Tacchella in Sophia. When excerpting the literature, the aim was to be as complete as possible, and we hope that nothing essential has been overlooked. In the ver- I also have short critical comments on the drawings of the fonts used, especially about the older authors and their working methods, because the exposition Eliminating their false descriptions was a main task of the new work. It is true that these old books themselves are no longer easily looked at by anyone; but indirectly their errors creep in from old manuals and special papers into the new ones, and in particular the inattentive use of Mionnets Work causes great damage in this regard. It is used by many Users did not differentiate sufficiently between what Mionnet itself described and what he has taken from the literature, although his sources are usually precise indicates. But Mionnet was a good numismatist, whose own descriptions His exercises are quite careful and reliable, even if he sometimes makes mistakes all of us; On the other hand, he made his excerpts from the literature without any criticism, by collecting all of this indiscriminately from the best and the worst sources absorbed what seemed to him to fill a gap; He even has it sometimes from a coin that he himself had already correctly described based on the original had also reproduced incorrect descriptions from various books, without realizing that it was the same Paris example! But there Mionnet's work, despite all its errors, is very useful and is the most comprehensive collection in the world Greek coins and for most areas still as an if If the corpus is also defective, this must be taken into consideration when drafting it. special consideration has been taken, and at the end of each volume a con- cordanz indicate under which number each description in the new work Mionnets can be found. Of course, the rest of the literature that is not from Mionnet was recorded, excerpted and treated with the same criticism. The citations are given regularly, with the exception of those works that do not contain anything of their own, but only give excerpts from older books, such as the lexicons of Gusseme and Rasche; These have also been used, but They are only quoted in special cases, especially when they are written by Mionnet or other later authors are cited as sources. — So much for the coins

PREFACE. IX If there is special literature for individual areas, this is at the end of the relevant literature Introduction recorded. In this way the material was collected that is in the new Works should be processed and made accessible. — But we were able to not limited to the accumulation of larger masses of descriptions exercises to simply give quantitatively more than any catalog of a single coin cabinet, but rather the aim had to be to achieve it through the narrowest possible Summary of emissions provides a clear picture of the character of each city and to give to every prince, as far as the currently known material allows. That which would be the highest goal, by uniting the individual specimens Determine the stamps from which they come and then instead of the coins However, it is not possible to publish stamps. Especially the association collection of these thousands of coins from a limited area has taught again, How small a fraction of the once enormous mass of coins has fallen on us came, and how relatively rare coins of the same issue exactly are the same. In many cases it has even been possible to achieve equal stamps to confirm two or more copies, and if one of all copies instead of the descriptions - or next to them - prints could be taken, like this This would certainly succeed more often, as it would otherwise lead. But for the vast majority of coins we know, this is not the case only that the stamps are not the same, but that the individual stamps, if they are too gave the same picture and the same writing as a whole, but often in all sorts of little things. things were different. This occurs particularly in the descriptions Imperial coins come out because they have more writing and are currently in the process of being used. division and in abbreviation, the deviations are most easily noticed; but for most older coins the same will apply, although the different these things are not so obvious; Cases like Stater No. 482, from which Thirteen copies with the same stamp were found, so we assume that only this one pair of stamps is used for the entire issue. has been used, exceptions will remain everywhere. — But if it is, from the For the reasons given, it was also not possible to use the individual coin instead To publish stamps, we at least tried to achieve that Coins of an issue that, if not from the same ones, at least from the same ones Stamps appeared, grouped together under one number, although defective preserved copies often complemented each other; to what extent also coins small differences linked in this way and like their deviations have been highlighted, which is stated below (p. XII). — This one systematic unification of the coins that belonged together was, in addition to the critical The first task is to weed out the unreliable descriptions should be carried out for the northern Greek area. When the new catalogs were being drawn up, the... Descriptions of those coins that we have seen ourselves are taken as a basis or were published in the modern catalogs mentioned above; those no more

X PREFACE. detectable or uncontrollable identical or similar pieces that are found in the literature were given the same numbers wherever possible. closed, whereby larger or smaller deviations are always expressly stated. were given. But sometimes there are also coins from the literature no specimen can be identified in the collections we use, as a special Their numbers are included if their description is essentially reliable. seemed casual; In such cases, however, I have the recording in a Note justified and for identification the serial number (in the margin left) enclosed in square brackets. This part of the task also included the separation of the Counterfeits and false or incomplete descriptions the actual catalog to be used in the future. Because it is much rarer about fake coins than bad descriptions of real coins, which are still largely used without suspicion, so I have this Material not as a special group of counterfeit and suspicious coins at the beginning or at the end of the volume, but rather subdivides it in the way ensured that every description can be found at that point in the new work is where you would look for it if it were reliable. These descriptions but are printed in smaller font and from the reliable material on the same Page separated by a line; also have their serial numbers, which indicates at which numbers in the catalog they should be switched on would be, a distinguishing designation by one or more stars received. — They play within this unified material Counterfeits in the true sense play the least role. Numismatics has that I was lucky to find the man who told her about it a hundred years ago in Eckhel the products of the literary counterfeiters in the main. There are certainly more counterfeit coins being produced today than in Eckhel's time more clever than back then, and as collectors we often have enough problems with them; but in the scientific literature the falsifications only haunt slowly and without causing much damage. In the present first There were very few of this kind to be found in the gang, and it was easy to to eliminate counterfeits (in metal or on paper); in the later ones Volumes will describe more counterfeit coins and some of these pieces can also be depicted from modern stamps, which was not the case in the first volume case seemed necessary. But modern castings are only taken into account everywhere if if no genuine originals of the coins can be proven. — More important and What was more difficult was the false descriptions and drawings of real coins to exclude those that occupy so much space in the older literature and The harmful effects of which have already been discussed above. Authoritative I was responsible for the exclusion of numerous descriptions from the catalogue except for the special reasons of the individual case, which are usually in one added remark are given, also the general judgment that I I learned about the author and the work while working on it. The Litte

PREFACE. XI The rature directory provides detailed information about this; I can only briefly here note that my observations are mainly those that have prevailed since Eckhel- confirm the views, even if I am stricter about individual authors (see above Vaillant), must judge others more leniently (such as Sestini). On the whole it makes sense from the new revision of the literature that we are almost dealing with counterfeiters never have to do; Intentional interpolation is also quite rare; but the The volatility of some authors, oü coupled with ignorance, is so great that their Information must always be received with suspicion; if a coin e.g. b. was only known from Vaillant, so it usually had to take its place under that Find line, — Incidentally, this place does not always mean under the line Distrust of the author. Because such descriptions are also included here- brought that were completely sufficient for other purposes, but not completely were enough to be included in the catalogue; This applies, for example, to many imperial coins, the reverse of which is quite well described, while for the Only the emperor is named on the front. — If finally every now and then a description from the latest and greatest publications, such as the Londoner Catalog, proved to be incorrect and should therefore be treated in a similar manner had to, the authors will be able to take comfort in me, as I too himself once had to reprimand himself in such a way. Maybe he had to After a recent inspection, one or two pieces that are now in the catalog are still there walk the same path. But mainly I hope that the selection to have produced cleaned catalogs from the unreliable material. About the arrangement of the individual numbers that make up the When putting together the new catalogues, the following should be noted: Information about the metal and size of the coin can be found in the margin on the left under the serial number. — The description of the coin is given in two columns, on the left that of the front, on the right that of the back. The writing is preceded on both sides, if such is available; just Value symbols, monograms and other parts of the writing that act like epithets change, are usually placed at the end. The distribution of Scripture is precisely stated if it is wholly or partly in the field or in the section stands; when it runs around the picture, only any interruptions are through the image is marked with thin vertical lines. The font consists of If there are several words - abbreviated or spelled out - they are to be used Facilitate reading separated by spaces; But points are just indicated when they are actually on the coin. — In the description The aim of the picture is to be as brevity as possible, unless there are special reasons Reasons greater detail seemed useful. For the gods etc. are those Greek names and designations have been chosen, except for certain ones Roman personifications; Individual inconsistencies in this circle are taken into account be excused for the uncertainty surrounding it. — If at the If coin counterparts occur, they are immediately after the description specified in the left or right column, depending on the location

XII PREFACE. Find obverse or reverse of the coin; in more important cases Special preliminary remarks have been made about the counterstamps. -^ How many and which copies of the coin described are known are numbered below in smaller font Evidence. Among these, two types are distinguished: those that are still detectable and the specimens only known from the literature. The former appear in alpha- prayerful order of collections; who described the individual specimen, is not specified because it is from the directories at the end and already out from the information provided above; If the piece has already been published, follow the citations immediately refer to the name of the collection. The ones that are no longer detectable Copies are listed chronologically, according to the appearance of their first publication. arranges. If specimens of both types are to be cited, the originals are listed precede, and after a separator ( — || — ) follow with counting numbers the rest. If several publications are to be cited from one copy, then follow the original descriptions are in chronological order, while the only published publications in square brackets after their sources are. The same applies to the citations for the still verifiable copies, only that for coins from the collections in Athens, Berlin, London and Naples Number of the catalog according to which they are used, preceded by all other citations is provided. There are three things between the descriptions and the evidence Information inserted: about illustration, weight and deviations. If an image of a coin is given, the image behind it is given The number appearing in brackets indicates which copy is shown; the front and back are taken from different copies or only one of both sides is shown, then this is known in the same place- lich made. Indication of the plate and the number where the piece is depicted can be found in the margin on the left under the metal and size information. The weight is as complete as possible for the gold and silver coins stated, rarer for copper coins, although there are also larger ones scope would have been desirable; for the imperial coins with value marks But I subsequently received weight information from many places and used it worth. The weights are ordered in descending order, with the The number of the copy is added in brackets and, if necessary, above the degree of preservation information is provided. Small deviations from individual copies, especially in the abbreviations tongues or the distribution of writing, are often treated in this way, that the related pieces are united under one number, which represents a coin or several of the same are used as a basis for the description and the special features of the others are recorded as “deviations”; also for citing incomplete constantly described pieces from the literature and from poorly preserved ones Originals have often chosen the same path. In other cases, however,

PREFACE. XIII Special numbers have also been made from a few different pieces, if it was recommended for greater clarity. The documents are sometimes followed by comments, especially about to clarify doubts about the descriptions; also about additions to the In writing and the like, what is necessary is said, while information about stamp equivalents as a rule are directly linked to the evidence. — Explanations of the Writing or types are only available in exceptional cases; about general phenomena The introductions give everything that is necessary, other things are in special comments are treated for individual groups or can be seen from the indices. The further utilization of the material is no longer part of its task work. When arranging the new catalogs, the aim was of course to to give the coins in chronological order. Where that for the autonomous ones Coins could not be reached, they are divided into groups, over which part Information is provided in the introductions and sometimes in special preliminary remarks; Sometimes mere headings seemed to suffice. — Under the tonomen coins of the individual cities also include staters and tetradrachms Types of Alexander the Great and Lysimachus were included, which were the first struck after the time of these kings and therefore not as royal, but as urban characteristics can be seen; but those have been left out whose allocation is not entirely certain. — With the imperial coins they are Coins of the individual periods, where there is the form of the name or the indication of the The governor made it possible for him to be kept apart; The rest are for everyone Emperor also separated the different denominations and within each Nominal the types in the usual order of the gods etc. been arranged. The illustrations are mainly grouped together on panels. ab- to provide education in the text, which would certainly be preferable in many cases, didn't seem desirable because it still hasn't been achieved mechanically to print reproductions of coins in the text so well that they are in the required appear clear. We therefore only have in isolated cases where the The illustration in the text serves, so to speak, as a heading for a longer series could, such a given. The arrangement of the illustrations on the twenty The tables included in this first volume are for the autonomous ones Coins overall the same as those of the descriptions in the text. From the emperors Coins, on the other hand, are only a small part of the money after the autonomous forms, a selection of pieces that are particularly characteristic of the city are; I have the majority of the backs, similar to those in Poole's catalogue of the Alexandrian coins in the British Museum, broken down by type arranged and placed on the later plates (XIII - XX) without regard to the place of minting. agreed. Although many of these types undoubtedly also have local significance, As this is proven in the introductions, it seemed to me that their art myth was logical or other typological interest generally seems to be more important,

XIV PREFACE. SO this arrangement may seem useful. For other areas, where the type groups of the individual cities are more independent and closed The establishment of such type tables is not recommended, except for Thrace, where, especially in the imperial cities, the conventional types play a similar role play, like in Lower Moesia. — The execution of the panels was carried out by Dr. Imhoof monitored and thus, as in so many other relationships, a big one Merit earned for the work. Finally, the introductions that precede the individual catalogs are mainly concerned with coinage (chronology of mintings, Currency and coin law issues) and are particularly looking for outstanding elevating the types with local meaning over the conventional ones, the images to determine the circles of the individual cities in order to gain an insight into the special ones To enable cultus and other local conditions. In the earlier parts of the work, however, I also spoke about the location and the political situation. strata of the cities, as well as detailed discussions of the Roman administration given; since, as I must admit, these are not absolutely necessary if They also occasionally shed light on purely numismatic questions can, this will be done differently in the later sections. The volume concludes with the additions and corrections Indices that aim to provide the most diverse possible access to the content,^ the lists of collections and excerpted literature, and finally the concordance with Mionnet, which was already mentioned at the beginning. That the work, which is now being presented to the public in this form, The editors are best aware of the fact that there are still enough defects. Since it is But if it's a first attempt, you'll at least make mistakes in it facility have to apologize; the experience gained at work only benefit later works; for the elaboration, the catalogs and the introductions, I have to take responsibility with the awareness that some things could be done better there too. After all, we believe in with the hope of being able to hold on to the fact that the work will also appeal to numismatists be useful, and especially that it is a convenient material for antiquarians will make accessible, the exploitation of which has so far only harmed too many science. But I cannot close these introductory remarks without saying everything to thank those who have rendered services to our work. I had the pleasure of being with the owners and managers of the large and small coin collections, whose names appear in the list at the end of this volume calls to find the friendliest accommodation, and I feel more than one I have been in warm friendship ever since. That they are all in our favor work decided not to publish this part of their treasures themselves, For this they deserve the most sincere thanks, especially from me, to whom this development what benefited me the most was the patience she later showed me letter questions answered. But I have more to do with this man than anyone else

PREFACE. XV TO thank me almost ten years ago when I visited Northern Greece coins from his excellent collection, first an insight into the Nature and conduct of a true numismatist won. When Friedrich Imhoof Blumer can be seen by everyone as an unattainable role model in this field I have a special reason to thank him for what he gave me during of this work, a patient teacher in the beginning, a never-failing one Counselor to this day, and always a loyal and constant friend, especially in the gloomy days that the work has brought me enough. — But if this work should have advantages that do not lie in the numismatic field, and if the work could be done more easily by me than by him many others, whose numismatic skills I certainly cannot match, So I have to thank the lucky coincidence that I was able to work with numismatics had the opportunity to teach and teach epigraphic work To enjoy the guidance of the one who in the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum who has set a model for all collecting work and whose merit it is, that a similar collection of Greek coins is finally underway has been taken. Gotha, October 31, 1898. Behrendt Pick.

PROVINCIA DACIA The land of the Dacians, today's Sie- beneficiary and a part of Wallachia ^), which the Romans in the year 107 after Defeating Decebalus in a province transformed, is certainly pre-Roman Already the scene of a rich one been minted. But in order to establish places that differ from the crude imitations Greek and Roman coins zen here in Dacia, which in Pannonia and were shaped further west, would be a coherent treatment of all barbaric character necessary, for which is not the place here. Like the coin finds'■*) show what was there apart from the Barba- rian and various Greek Types of coins include Roman money before the subjugation of the country here in circulation; the direction of the province brought the latter to dominance, in Lande himself was not returned for the time being shaped. Greek Imperial Coins Traianus with the mourning Dacia and the inscription AAKIA on the back, as Vaillant described one'^), there is probably not at all; they should but if they were to be proven, then they would be Of course, just as little as coinage of the Province to look at like the numerous Latin coins of this type, which under Traianus in Rome to celebrate the then Christian victory by the Emperor and Senate have been beaten, but they would have been in Greta or elsewhere in Greek Ground shaped. Just as little as pro- In addition to vincial coins, there are city coins from Dacian; the new province was in in this respect like the provinces of the West treated; while in the Greek Chinese parts of the empire, even in the neighboring said Untermoesien, at least the training minting of the community coins which was left, received in Dacien and likewise no city in Upper Moesia the coinage law. Only towards the middle of III. At the turn of the century there was one here and there native coinage opened, in Ober- Moesia under Gordianus III. and in Da- cien under Philip. The two coins rows are very similar in shape ') about the boundaries of the province and the changes changes to their administration see Mommsen, Cor- pus inscr. Lat. III p. i6ofg. ; Marquardt Roman State Administrator I 308 fg. ; v. Domaszewski, archaeol.- epigr. Communications from Austria 13 (1890) 135 to 144 and Rhine. Museum N.F. 48 (1893) 240-244; Kalopothakes, 6 /luptajjiö; tt^; axpoi- TttoTixTj? -/cd TioXiTixf,; i^o'jsia; X7t Vj 'Ftojxaixrj oiofxTj'Jt; TTCipä Tov x'iTü) Ao'!)vc(|Siv (Athens 1894). — The question about the boundaries of Dacia needs The ancient coins of Northern Greece I. not to be discussed here as they are based on the Clarification of the coins has no influence, yet also the coins for the decision of the border ask to contribute something. '') ^gJ- <^1'^' Compilation in Mommsen, Röm. Munzwesen 697 and in Corpus III p. 161. ') Vaillant num. gr. 27 [from this Eckhcl d. n. 2.4; Mionnet 6, 697, 564 incertaines; Sestini Lett. cont. 3.60 cretas; Mionnet pp. 4, 350, 331 Crcta; Svoronos, Crete 348.83]. I

PROVINCIA DACIA similarly, they were directed in Dacien after the pattern of Moesia; factual but each one stands for itself, and so may we here without harm the younger daci- ian coinage before the older Moesian one treat. For what reasons and under what chen circumstances the Emperor Philippus the Province of Dacia granted the right to mint, is unknown. Maybe one should Lack of copper money thereby picked up be fen; but it is also possible that the emperor just not the residents from Dacia an advantage and an honor wanted to withhold what his predecessor wanted had granted to those of Obremoesia. — As there, so begins here at the same time with the minting of coins, a new one of its own Annual census. Both innovations perhaps also with other options the emperor's statements about Dacien hand in Hand went, lined up those one directions that the unity of the Province — without prejudice to the since about The three-part division that has existed for 80 years - were intended and suitable to hold. As the holder of the right to mint, it is through the inscription designates the province, d. h. those in other provinces commune or xoivov called the totality of the to think; that such a union also existed in Dacia, the Indians teach writings from which we represent them [concilium trium Daciarum) and their prices sterthümer [coronattis trium Daciarum, sacerdos arae Augusti) know ^). The The place of minting is not mentioned This is also appropriate for a provincial coin measure and the rule is "); we have it as usual in the capital. and since the three Dacian provinces have only one metropolis together, Sar- mizegetusa, the seat of the common State parliament and the imperial cult, so can you can definitely call this city the place of minting of the Dacian coins see. — The new, common annual counting, which with the coins at the same time was introduced, seems to be in circulation to have found little application; it there is no lack of inscriptions from the time, but none is dated after the era. We you only know them from ours Coins, on the back of which in the section under the picture regularly the annual specified ANI-, AN* II- etc. appears. Unfortunately the coins are at this point Place often poorly preserved and sometimes also incomplete, so that erroneous readings occur easily; but they are most of the pieces recorded below seen by me or by others for I've been compared, so don't many doubtful cases remain are; on the other hand, it is probably possible that from Hungarian and Transylvanian Collections of some other desired ones Addendum would have to be provided. The embossing extends over the Years I - XI of the new era, from Philip- pus to Valerianus and Gallienus; the Distribution results from the following- the table. The letters A B C D E give the five main ones described below types on; the horizontal rows show, in which year and with which types every emperor (empress, caesar) finds himself; the vertical rows showing imperial heads etc. and which types in each year have been coined. 0 V&'- the quotes from Mommsen and Marquardt a. a. O. ''■') Mommsen MUnzw. 732; about the metropolises as Seat of the provincial coinage there in 731.

PROVINCIA DACIA I II III IUI v VI VII VIII Villi X XI Philip Sr. Otacilia Philip iun. Caes. Philip iun. Aug. ABA' AB AB ABC ABC A G b b b Decius Etruscilla Etruscus Caes. Hostilianus Caes. (B?) BDD BD BD D D BD Gallus Volusianus BD BD Aemilianus BD BD Valerianus Gallienus (E) (E) BD b A AE EN E E A look at the table shows that we have a single in the years I - XI unified, regularly numbered era have before us, as Eckhel did towards various doubts and Conjectures of the older numismatists has determined. From the coins of the Va- lerianus and Gallienus with AN -VI, which don't fit in the series, will come later be shown that they only appear form an exception. First of all, it applies first, the starting point of the Dacian To determine provincial aera. The same one comes out of the mouth most easily zen of the Emperor Aemilianus; the ones bear the date AN-VII (n. 55. 56), the other AN-VIII (n. 57, 58). The Dacian So Year VIII began under the reign of this emperor, i.e. h. between June and September 253^); and then the arrival is catch the whole Acra between June and September 246 to set. This approach All previously known requirements fall into place Dates: the accession of Decius in the year III (248/9)^), his death and the inauguration of Gallus in the year V (250/1) and finally the accession of Valerianus in the year VIII (253/4). Eckhel, who directed Aemilian's tion still extend into the year 254 Hess, had that as the beginning day of the era I. January 247 accepted. He was there- at influenced by the view that the annual calculation in Roman co- Ionia and municipia according to Roman ') The inscription Corpus Inscr. Lat. VIII 2634 (= Dessau inscr. Lat. sei. 531) shows that on Oct 22 In 253 Emperor Valerianus was already in the distance Numidia was recognized; after that is Aemilians The sunset should be set at the end of September at the latest, and since there are Alexandrian coins from his second Egyptian year, which takes place on August 29th Gust 253 began, which is how it was at the end of August alive or at least his death in Alexan- dreia not yet known. Its about three months So natural government falls between June and September 253. — See Schiller, Gesch. d. Roman imperial period 1.809 fg.; v. Rohden in Pauly Wissowas Realencylopedic 1.546; in general- nen about the chronology of this time Goyau, Chronology of the Roman Empire, and the dissertation tation of Sadee, de iniperatorum Romanorum tertii p. BC n. saeculi tcmporilius constituendis (Bonn 1891). ■') But cf. the comment below p. 14 to 35. — If there really are coins of Decius with AN III there is, then they must in the time after his departure fall, but defeated before Philip's death to be; see the introduction. to Viminacium below p. 25.

PROVINCIA DACIA Pattern must be set up, so the year would have to start on January 1st. But it is This view is unfounded: we will see that the era of Vi- minacium (Upper Moesia) their New Year in had autumn. The Dacian era began just on that day of the year 246, to which Emperor Philip, who was then probably because of the Carpic War Dacien stayed, the province received the coin quite granted and perhaps others introduced innovations. We can do not specify the day; but teach- ren the coins of Aemilian with AN-VII, from in which at least one (n. 56) is certain, that the New Year begins some time after at the beginning of June, and the more numerous ones ANVIII that there is some time before the end September was; most likely so you will see the beginning day of the daci- era in July or August 246 have to look for '). — Incompatible with this like with any other calculation are just the coins already mentioned Valerianus (n. 59) and Gallienus (n. 65) with AN -VI • Since these emperors only came in Years VIII came to government, like none from the year VII Coins with their heads are present, like this is no doubt that the date AN -VI is incorrect here. Eckhel also has correctly recognized that these coins are not in year VI, but were minted later; and he expresses the conjecture that under Valerian you can see old backsides Ten stamp from the year VI seeks and coins of the ruling Kaiser used. Yes it is hardly likely that you will be in that one Time to keep the old stamps preserved; and CS can be pretty safe prove that the stamps are also first come from a later year. The Coins show on the reverse the type of woman with 2 field symbols (Type E = Plate I, 4), which otherwise only with AN-X and AN-XI, while in the years VII, VIII and Villi older types appear. Maybe may one can conclude that the coins of Valerianus and Gallienus, on which we read AN "VI, cut from fleetingly- nen or poorly preserved stamps with AN • XI. By no means are these faulty coins are suitable Calculation of the Dacian Aera flow. The province only has one era had that occurred in July or August 246 gann, and the data on the coins of the individual emperors are definitely in a resonated with the chronology of time, so- as far as we even know it. — The coinage ends in year XI, and you Extinction is one of the signs of the Fall of Roman rule Dacien in 256 or 257. The inscription PROVINCIA DACIA (sometimes off on the latest coins- shortened), which the province as the holder of the coinage right, can also serve as an explanatory caption to be considered the female figure the ones that are on the back of my Most coins are shown. We find the following one after the other and next to each other Types: ^) When Sadee (loc. cit. 32) describes the death of Decius would have been correctly calculated on July 27, 251, so would have to be the Dacian year V, from which it still exists there are many coins of Gallus and Volusianus, lasted until August. There- The New Year of the Dacians could be described as follows Put Aera more precisely in August; but Sadee's Calculation is not secure enough.

PROVINCIA DACIA Type A [Figure page 8] Female figure in long dress wall to the left with a Phrygian cap standing, with a crooked one in his right hand Sword, in the left a field sign with the (often unclear) holding inscription DF; at her feet on the left an eagle with outstretched wings Angels standing forward and head with a wreath in the beak on the right- raising up, on the right a lion on the left- striding towards. Type A' [rare] = A, only the woman holds the sword in the left and the field sign (without any recognizable inscription) in the right. Type B [Figure page 8] The same figure between eagles and lion 1. standing, in the R. that Sword, in the L. a standard with the number XI H; there is a free one in front of her second field symbol with the number V. (Since the sword is in poor condition, Ten pieces are not easy to see, so This type is often described inaccurately ben as if the woman were the second field symbol in his left hand, so Similar to type E, but on a safer side Coins only appear under Valerianus.) Type C [Figure Plates I, i and 2; just definitely detectable in year II] The same figure 1. sitting; the Attributes are different, but the Both field characters are always present. (More detailed information on the individual descriptions) exercises n. 9 - 14. 21 - 24. 32.) Type D [Figure Plate I, 3] Female figure (without Phrygian Cap) between eagle and lion 1. standing, on the raised row one branch, holding a scepter in the first arm tend. Type D' [only available once, n. 37] = D, only there is one on the scepter small goddess of victory with wreath and Palm branch Hnkshin. Type E [Figure Plate I, 4; habitual very raw] Female figure between eagles and lion 1. standing, arms extended spread and in each hand a field holding a sign. (The numbers on the Field symbols are usually not visible recognizable.) The meaning of all these representations lungs is easy to recognize. The in Types A, A', B, C and E shown Woman is the Dacia; both the crooked one Sword similar to that of the Phrygian Headgear is a badge of the Dacians known; only on part of the The last coins (type E) appear to have a cap by the usual badge of the per- sonified provinces, the Modius, replaced to be. The inscriptions of the field signals and the animals added are also if already from Eckhel (partly after the process of Froelich and Neumann) been explained correctly. The letters DF are the abbreviation of Dacia Felix, like the province also in Roman Coins of Decius is called. The numbers V and XIII designate the two legions, which (according to Dio Cassius 55.23 and the In- writings) in the third century in Dacia lay, the legio V Macedonica and the legio XIII Geinina\ and like the Roman ones Coins of Gallienus teach is the ad- ler the badge of the V. and the lion that of the XIII. Legion^). There in Dacia, ') Cf. V. Domaszcwski, the animal images of the Signa, in archaeol.-cpigr. Mith. 15 (1892) 182 fg.

PROVINCIA DACIA and also in Upper Moesia, the occupation a larger fraction of the population tion than in most others border provinces, it was quite fitting the standards of the two legions, or, where Dacia has its own provincial holds the flag, at least the two animals to depict images on the coins. — These animal images then also appear on those coins that are used instead of Dacia another female character, without Phrygian cap, with branch and scepter show (types D and D'). Like Sallet (Cat. Berlin 34.16) correctly noticed, is this the Roman type of Pax. He is only new in IUI under Decius introduced and appears exactly the same, with or without the little goddess of victory the scepter, on coins of the same time from Viminacium (see there under Decius with AN-XI); it fits that same Emperor on a not much later island celebrated as restitiitor Daciaruni (Corpus inscr. Lat. III, 1176). The New type originally referred to the restoration of peace on the lower Danube and was then retained ten, even when he no longer had this sense could have. Finally the question arises, what values the coins of the province cia Dacia introduce. The alleged Sil- coins of this type, which in the older be mentioned in the literature (cf. n. 7*. 8.14. 69*), were either silver-plated or cast; Real coins are only given out Copper. Among these are some special Other heavy pieces (aft. 15, 26, 44) are easy to recognize as exceptions; it is hardly probably that in Dacia nominal of such a heavy weight (63, 40, 39 g) should serve as money^). In the case of The weight of ordinary coins is very high unequal. After all, we can little- at least under Philip, in whose time the Embossing strongest and most careful appears to have been three nominals distinguish: the largest weighs approximately 16 g and is probably the sestertius; the second, weighing about 6 g, shines through the crown of rays that the Emperor regularly wears, as Dupondius to be designated; and the smallest, which only has the head of the younger ren Philipp occurs and ordinary weighs about 3 g, is considered the Ace be seen. Under the later emperors only one nominal appears, that but (with a few exceptions) always becomes easier; the diameter of the pieces doesn't get much smaller, but the lens does becomes thinner and thinner; the weight drops from about 13 to 8 g and sometimes even more deeper, but this light coin should also be probably still imagine the sestertius. Literature. Summary treatment of the Dacian Coins and their era can be found at the following Positions: Mazzoleni, animated versions 2,177. [He believed two different acres in Dacia can, one in the year 247, the other in Year 249 beginning.] Eckhel, d. n. 2.4 fg. Sandern duck, mus. Sandern. 4, 164 - 174. [He used all the essential works of the older ones literature in an intelligent manner; a safe solution solution to the difficulties he explains not to find: so he contents himself with sending the coins years and some suggestions for how to to correct the incorrect data. Ci- tirt he is in the following only where he coins his ') See Pick, Wiener numism. Magazine 23 (1891) 30.

PROVINCIA DACIA own, now located in the Brera in Milan collection.] Ackner, the ancient coins, a source of older history of Transylvania. — The beginning This work appeared in the »Archive for Knowledge of Transylvania's past and present" Volume l (1841) pp. 69 - 96 and 297 - 331 (quoted: Ackner 1841); the end in the “archive of the association for you” Benbürgische Landeskunde« Volume i, Issue 2 (1844) pp. 58 - 77 (quoted: Ackner 1844). [Ackner removes his material partly from Eckhel's catalog and some older works, some from the Herraannstadt collection lungs, namely from the Bruckenthal Museum, the high school collection and his own collection lung. The descriptions based on the originals are un- accurate and unfortunately could not be verified the. — The work contains an assessment of the Data nothing new, but is regularly quoted.]

Type A Type B Philippus senior 1 IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG chest '^ ^9 picture of the emperor with laurel wreath, Armor and coat r. PROVINCIA DACIA and in the ab- cut AN-I- Female figure in a long robe with phrygi shear cap between eagle and Lion 1. standing, in the R. a crooked sword, in the L. a Field mark with the inscription DF (Type A) Weight: 16.40(4) — 14.85(1) Deviations: Inscription of the field symbol often uncertain; supposedly DP 14. 26 — AN I sometimes without points I. 2. 3 Berlin Cat. 33.1-3 - 4 Gotha - 5 Hague - 6 Copenhagen Ramus 1.97, i (2 not more available) — 7 Leake Europ. Gr. 44 — 8 Lübbecke — 9 London Cat. 14.1 — 10 Milan — il. 12. 13 Munich — 14 Naples Cat. 6229 — 15 Paris Mionnet i, 350, l — 16 Paris — 17 Parma — 18 St. Petersburg Sestini mus. Benkowitz 5 — 19. 20 St. Petersburg — 21.22 Vienna Eckhel cat. 48.1.2 [Ackner 1841, 323.3] — 23.24 Vienna Mus. Theup. 742 — 25 Zurich. — II — • 26 Mus. Arigoni i alias colon. XI, 177 (Rs.) — 27 Wiczay 1975; i^estini mus. Hederv. 6.1 — 28 Sestini mus. Hederv. 6.2 (supposedly ca/>i(e radiato) — 29 Ücco (1601) 441 = Mediobarbus 343 without size information l* K— IMP C M ANT GORDIANVS AVG head with PROVINjCIA DACIA [i. A. nothing, cut off Laurel wreath (r.) ten] Female figure between lion and Eagle 1. standing, R. stretched out, in 1. Arm Scepter (similar to Type D, only without the branch) I Cat. Peacock 461; Gessner imp. CLXXVI, 15 [Rasche suppl. 2,393]. — 1^'«^ Peacock Collection later came to Berlin; We are probably dealing with the poorly preserved coin here of Decius Cat. Berlin 34.16 (below n. 38.3), on which the year is also missing; Under no circumstances can it be a Gordian coin, as minting only began under Philip.

PROVINCIA DACIA 2 K21 3 K29 4 K29 5 K21 [6] K(29) likewise, but the inscription of the field characters always unclear [Philip senior] the same, but with a ray crown instead of the ivory wreath Weight: 6.65 (i) I Berlin Cat. 33.4 — 2 Hague — 3 Huntcr — 4 Milan — 5. 6 Munich — 7 Paris, formerly Wiczay 1976; Sestini 6,3 — 8 St. Petersburg Sestini mus. Benkowitz 5 — 9. 10 Vienna Eckhel cat. 48.3.4 [Ackner 1841, 324.4] — 11 Vienna Mus. Theup. 742 — 12.13 Vienna the same, but with a laurel wreath I Munich likewise, but the woman holds the field- sign in the right hand and that Sword in the left (Type A') 2 Naples Cat. 6230, — See below 3*. likewise PROVINCIA DACIA etc. A. AN • I • Female figure in long dress wall with Phrygian cap between eagle and lion 1. standing, in the R. the crooked sword, In front of it there is a free-standing field symbol with the inscription V, in the L. a Field symbol with the inscription XIII (Type B) I Hague — 2 Lübbecke — 3 Paris Mionnet p. 2, 33, i — 4 Vienna Eckhel cat. 48.5. — 1| — 5 Vaillant nuni. col. 2,230 = 159 Fig. 2 (back) - 6 Havercamp numoph. reg. Christinae 247, XXXIV, 23 (Rs.) — 7 Wiczay 1977; Sestini 6.4 — 8 Sibiu Ackner 1841, 324.5 the same, but with a crown of rays | likewise I Lübbecke — 2 London Cat. 14.2 — 3 Milan Mus. Sanclem. 4,166 — 4 Milan — 5 Paris Mionnet l, 350, 2 — 6 St, Petersburg — 7 Vienna Eckhel cat. 48.6 — 9/8/10 Vienna. — i — II Wiczay 1978; Sestini 6.6 the same, but with a laurel wreath I PROVINCIA DACIA and others ANII- I type A I Wiczay 1984; Sestini 7.12. — Probably the same: 2 Occo (1601) 441 =3 Mediobarbus 344 (Rs.) Since the same type with AN II occurs in ütacilia and Philippus iunior (below n. 19. 31), this is also to be expected here. 3* Philippus senior (vs. not described) | = 3, but AN., and on the field symbol DE ^— 1 godmother imp. (1671) 382 Fig. d, back cover [Mediobarbus 344; changed to AN-II- and DF Vaillant num, col. 2.231 = 160; Gessner imp. CLXXX, 25; Rapid 2:22, 19] 4* (Vs, not described) | — 4, but the woman supposedly without a sword ^ " 1 Vaillant num. col. 2,230= 159 Fig. I (Rs.) Vaillant usually leaves the sword away; But there is the type E (without sword). Safe coins only appear under Valerianus, so Vaillant's drawings are incorrect to view. 5* = 4 1=4 '^('^) ' I Sestini mus. Hederv. 6.5 I Coins of the third size can otherwise only be identified for Philippus iunior; maybe one Sestini's mistake.

LO PROVINCIA DACIA 7 K29 8 K21 9 K27 Plate I, 2 10 K21 11 K27 Plate I, I 12 K27 [Philip senior] IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG Br. with Laurel wreath, armor and coat r. A. AN 11 PROVIINCIA DA|CIA and. Type B Deviations: the separation of the writing on the reverse is often uncertain — AN II sometimes without points - the woman supposedly without a sword 16. 18 (cf. n. 4*) i Berlin Cat. 33.5 — 2 Hunter — 3 Copenhagen Ramus i add. 396.2 a — 4 Lübbecke — 5. 6 London Cat. 14.3. 4 — 7 Milan — 8. 9. 10 Naples Cat. 6231-6233 — 11 Paris Mionnet S. 2, 33, 2 — 12 Parma — 13 St. Petersburg — 14 Vienna Eckhel cat. 48.11 — 15 Vienna Mus. Theup. 742. — 1| — 16 Mediobarbus 344 — 17 Mus. Arigoni i alias colon. XI, 178 (Rs.) — 18 Gessner imp. CLXXX, 8 (Rs.) — 19 Sestini mus. Hederv. 7.13; probably same coin previously inaccurate Wiczay 1986 {mulier sedens) - 20 Hennannstadt Ackner 1841, 325.12 the same, but with a crown of rays | likewise Weight: 6.22(1) — 6.05(4) — 5.60(2) — 4.40(3) I Berlin Cat. 33.6 — 2, 3 Gotha — 4 Imhoof — 4 Copenhagen Ramus 1 add. 396.2b — 6 London Cat. 14.5 — 7 Milan — 8 Naples Cat. 6234 — 9 Paris Mionnet p. 2, 33, 3 — 10 Stuttgart — II Vienna Eckhel cat. 48.12. — 1| — 12 Muselli imp. CCIIII, 5 inaccurate — 13 Sestini mus. Hederv. 7.14; previously inaccurate Wiczay 1987 {sedens) — 14 Sestini mus. Hederv. 7.15 as silver-plated; previously Wiczay 1999, VI, 128 as a silver coin [Mionnet p. 2, 37, 7 as cast] — 15 Hermannstadt Ackner 1841, 325.13 likewise, but with laurel wreath PROVINCIA DACIA etc. A. AN • II • Female figure in long dress wall with Phrygian cap between eagle and lion 1. sitting, in the R. the crooked sword, in derL. the standard with XIII, in front you planted the standard with V (type C) Illustration of Rs. (i) I Arolscn — 2 Paris Mionnet pp. 2, 34, 5 [Cohen 5, 119, 255?] — 3 Vienna, formerly Neumann nuni. vet. 1.85; Wiczay 1991, VI, 127; Sestini 7.17. — Certainly also here: 4 Hermann- city of Ackner 1841, 324.6 supposedly with AN I • the same, but with a crown of rays | likewise I Gotha — 2 Paris Mionnct pp. 2, 34, 6 — 3 Surutschan. — |j — 4 Wiczay 1992; Sestini 7.18 in the same way, but with a laurel wreath in the same way, but the woman holds in the R. instead of the sword, a head of grain bundle Illustration of Rs. (i) I Vienna, formerly Neumann 1.84, III, 2 [Mionnet pp. 2, 34, 4; Cohen 5, 119,256]; Wiczay 1988, VI, 126; Sestini 7:16; inaccurate everywhere. — 1| — 2 Wiczay 1985; Sestini 7.16 inaccurate — 3 Wiczay 1990; Sestini 7.19 supposedly with branches instead of ears of grain likewise 1 likewise, but instead of the sword I bowl I Zurich. — ;■ — 2 Wiczay 1989 (not at Sestini) (Vs. not described) | = 7, only without sword I Vaillant number. praest. (3rd ed., by Baldinus) 2.315. — This one from Baldinus from his Collection inserted into Vaillant's work "silver medallion" must be a silver-plated or to have been a counterfeit coin; Mionnet also thinks this, p. 2.33.

PROVINCIA DACIA II 13 K27 [W] K(27) 15 K33 IG K28 [Philip senior] likewise likewise, but the object in the R. uncertain; maybe she'll stop here the field symbol with the number V Deviations: AN-I-r2, supposedly AN'I- 4 I Budapest — 2 Budapest Univ. — 3 St. Florian. — 1| — 4 Mus. Arigoni 2 colon. XII, 128 (Rs., bad drawing) also PROVINCIA DACIA etc. A. AN • II • Female figure as above 1. sitting, but without eagle and Lion, in the R. Ears of corn, in the L. the standard with XIII, in front of her planted the field symbol with V; hangs on the shaft of each one Animal head (probably eagle head and lion head) I Wiczay 1983, VI, 125; Sestini 7.20; Illustration and description inaccurate Since this type is confirmed in Otacilia (below n. 24), its occurrence in Phi- lippus credible; the description here is corrected according to that coin. also PROVINCIA DACIA etc. A. AN • III Type B Weight: 63g, 7mm thick I Mandl, pick number. Zschr. 23 (1891) 30.1. — About other pieces of unusual Weight cf. a. a. O.; The coin that only became known later should be added Etruscilla, below n. 44. same, but normal size (Sestertius) likewise Weight: 17.58(1) — 15.95(^3) Deviations: the woman supposedly without a sword: 13. 17. 18 - in the field - Sign in the R. (without number) supposedly an eagle i8 I. 2 Berlin Cat, 33.7. 8 — 3 Copenhagen Ramus i, 97, 3 — 4 Löbbcke — 5 London Cat. 16.4 — 6 Milan — 7 Moscow Univ. Cat. 114 — 8 Munich — 9 Paris Mionnet P. 2, 34, 8 — 10 Parma — 11 St. Petersburg — 12 Sophia — 13 Turin Mus. Cat. 1945 = Lavy 955 — 14 Vienna Eckhel cat. 49.16 inaccurate [Ackner 1841, 325.17] — 15. 16 Vienna. — II — 17 Mus. Arigoni l alia colon. Xli, 179 (Rs., inaccurate legion number XII) — 18 Cat. d'Ennery 31 18 — 19 Wiczay 1998; Sestini 8.26 — 20 Sabatier icon. rom. imp. LXIX, 38 15* K- 16* K- (Vs, not described) Ty- I PROVINCIA DACIA and i. A. TO III I push A I Vaillant number. col. 2.231 = 160 Fig. d. Rs. [Gessner imp. CLXXX, 26]. — Öa type A With AN III is not otherwise attested, the coin must be considered unsafe for the time being. 16 I PROVINCIA DACIA Year and type I unsure I Occo (1601) 441 = Mediobarbus 343 (Rs.) — 2 Muselli suppl. (1760) imp. XXXIV, 6 (sin. sceptruni)

12 PROVINCIA DACIA 17 K28 [18y K (28) 19 K28 20 K27 21 K28 22 K27 23 K28 24 K27 25 K29 24* K- Otacilia MARCIA OTACILIA SEVERA AVG PROVINCIA DACIA and i. A. TO I Bust of the Empress with Ge-Type A wall r. Weight: 15.20(3) — 14.27(1) Deviations: Back with stamp error PROVICIA 9 I Athens Cat. 777 — 2.3 Berlin Cat. 34.9. 10 — 4 Hunter — 5 Milan — 6 Paris Mionnet i> 350> 3 — 7 Parma — 8 Vienna — 9 Vienna Cimel. Vindob. 1.105 inaccurate; Eckhel cat. 48.7 [Ackner 1841, 324.7]. — 1| — 10 Tristan (1644) 2, 564, I Fig. [Vaillant num. col. 2,257 = 178] — 11 godmother imp. 385 (Rs.) Fig. [Mediobarbus 349] — 12 Mediobarbus 348 un- exactly (= 10?) — 13 Wiczay 1979; Sestini 6.7 also 1 PROVINCIA DACIA and i. A. AN • I • I Type B I Wiczay 19.80; Sestini 6.8 — 2 Cat. Welzl 1233, — (Mionnet p. 2, 34, g has rather AN* II*, see below n. 20.6). Since type B with AN'I* is present in Philippus senior (aft. 4. 5) and Philippus iunior (aft. 29. 30) comes, it can be expected here too. also 1 PROVINCIA DACIA and i. A. AN • II • I type A I Mandl — 2 Vienna Eckhel cat. 48.13. — 1|— 3 Vaillant num. col. 2.257 = 178 Fig. d. Rs. [Gessner imp. CLXXXII, 18] likewise ] PROVINCIA DACIA etc. A. AN • II • I Type B Weight: 14.08(1) I Athens Cat. 779 — 2 Löbbecke — 3. 4 Munich — 5 Paris Mionnet p. 2, 35, 10 — 6 Paris Mionnet pp. 2, 34, 9 [Cohen 5, 152, 78] (incorrect with AN-I-). — 1| — 7 Wiczay 1993; Sestini 7.21 also PROVINCIA DACIA etc. A. AN • II • Seated figure (Type C) = Philip n. 9; Plate I, 2 I Schottenstift — 2 Vienna Mus. Theup. 745 also seated figure = Philippus n. ii; Plate I, I I Vienna. — ;, — 2 (but inaccurate) Wiczay 1994; Sestini 7.22 also [Seated figure ^ Philip n. 13 I Budapest — 2 Bucharest — 3 Milan. — An identical coin in Cimel. Vindob. 1.105, XVII, II, but not with Eckhel and not now in the Vienna Cabinet likewise | Seated figure = Philip n. 14 I Vienna, formerly Wiczay 1995, VI, 129 [Mionnct S. i, 35, 11 ; Cohen 5, 152, 81]; Sestini 7.23 (inaccurate everywhere) likewise | PROVINCIA DACIA etc. A. AN • III I Type B I Paris Mionnet pp. 2, 35, 12 Otacilia (vs. not described) | PROVINCIA DACIA etc. A. AN III Type A I Vaillant number. «ol 2,257 = 178. — Compare the comment on 15*

PROVINCIA DACIA Philippus Junior 26 K31 27 K29 28 K18 29 K28 30 K19 31 K28 32 K27 32* K- PROVINCIA DACIA etc. A. AN Type A likewise M IVL PHILIPPVS CAES Bust portrait with armor and coat r. Weight: 40g, 5mm thick I Vienna Mus. Thcup. 812; cf. above to n. 15 same, but normal size (Sestertius) Weight: 11.90(2) I Frankfurt — 2 Gotha — 3 Copenhagen Ramus i add. 396 to 97.4 — 4 Krupka — 5 Löbbecke — 6 London Cat. 14.7 — 7 Milan Mus. Sandern. 4,166 — 8 Paris Mionnet S- 2, 35, 13 — 9 Paris, formerly Wiczay 1981 ; Sestini 6.9 — 10 Vienna Cimel. Vindob. 1.105; Eckhel cat. 48.8 [Ackner 1841, 324.8]. — 1|— 11 Godmother imp. 387 (Rs.) Fig. [Mediobarbus 351] — and perhaps also 12 Mediobarbus 350 (without specifying the sword) likewise (Dupondius?, As) | likewise Weight: 5.60(6) — 3.46(1) — 3.00(2.3) — 2.80(4) I Athens Cat. 778 — 2.3 Berlin Cat. 34.11. 12 — 4 Gotha — 5 Löbbecke — 6 Munich — 7 Parma — 8 Vienna Eckhel cat. 48.9 [Ackner 1841, 324.9]. —yeah! — 9 Sestini mus. Hederv. 6.10 — 10 Cohen 5, 172, 93 (not in Paris) — and probably also 11 Muselli imp. CCVIII, 8 (with AN..., and without a sword) Since the distinguishing feature of the ray crown is missing here, it remains uncertain whether not some of the coins, such as the Munich coins (6), are to be regarded as dupondii; 1-4 are but certainly aces. also (Sestertius) PROVINCIA DACIA etc. A. AN • I • Type B I Hague - 2 Paris Mionnet pp. 2, 35, 14 - 3 Parma. — j] — 4 Vaillant num. col. 2,270 := 187 Abi), d. Rs. (allegedly without sword) — 5 Wiczay 1982; Sestini 6.11 likewise (As) | likewise Weight: 3.50(1) I Munich — 2 Vienna Eckhel cat. 48.10 [Ackner 1841, 324.10] also (Sestertius) PROVINCIA DACIA etc. A. AN • II • Type A I Vienna Eckhel cat. 48.14 [Mionnet pp. 2, 35, 15; Ackner 1841, 325,15]. — 1| — 2 Wiczay 1996; Sestini 8.24 Coins of Philippus iunior with type B were certainly struck this year been but not yet proven ; the description below n, 32* is worthless. also PROVINCIA DACIA etc. A. AN • II • Seated figure (Type C) = above n. 9 and 21; Plate I, 2 I Paris — 2 Paris, formerly Wiczay 1997; Sestini 8.25 (both inaccurate) — 3 Vienna Cimel. Vindob. 1,105, XVII, 12 inaccurate; Eckhel cat. 48.15 [Ackner 1841, 325.16]. — 1|— 4 Occo (1601) 448 (from Cellarius) = Mediobarbus 351 — and certainly also 5 Ackner 1841, 324.11 (from his collection, supposedly with AN I and without a sword) IMP M IVL PIIILII'PVS AVG head with Lor- | DACIA AN II (see above, without PROVINCIA) type beer wreath (r.) | pus B, without sword I Vaillant number. col. 2,270 = 187. ^ The description is unreliable because the younger Philip is otherwise called Augustus in Dacia only in the year III.

H PROVINCIA DACIA [Philippus Junior] IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG Br. with | PROVINCIA DACIA etc. A. AN • III • Laurel wreath, armor and coat r. { type li I Vienna Eckhcl cat. 49, 17 (IMP forgotten) [Mionnet pp. 2, 36, 16; Ackner 1841, 325.18; Cohen 5, 172, 96]. — |j — 2 Vaillant num. col. 2,270 = 187 (without sword) — 3 Wiczay 2000; Scstini 8.27 IMP PHILIPPVS AVG as well | likewise 1 Vienna Mus. Theiip. 748 inaccurate Decius IMP TRAIANVS DECIVS AVG Br. m. j PROVINCIA DACIA etc. A. TO III L.P.M.r. ■ I Type B Weight: 13.37 I Berlin Cat. 34.13. — (Eckhel cat. 49.18 rather has AN-IIII; see below n. 36.7.) The year III does not seem certain to me; maybe AN •IUI can be read after all. likewise j PROVINCIA DACIA etc. A. AN • IUI I Type B Deviations: DECIOS instead of DECIVS 3.8 I. 2 Berlin Cat. 34.15 and a liberated one with an uncertain year 34.14 — 3 Milan — 4 Paris Banduri 1.19 correct; Mionnet pp. 2, 36, 20 [Cohen 5, 199, 136] incorrect with AN V — 5 Paris Cohen 135; formerly Wiczay 2001; Sestini 8.28 — 6 Vienna Mus. Theup. 751 inaccurate — 7 Wien Eckhel cat.49,18 inig with AN-III- [Mionnet p. 2, 36,17; Ackner 1841, 328.1; Cohen 133] — 8 Vienna Eckhel cat. 49.19 [Mionnet pp. 2, 36, 18; Ackner 1841, 329.2; Cohen 134] 33 K28 34 K27 35 K28 36 K28 37 K28 38 K28 39 K26 likewise I Vienna likewise PROVINCIA DACIA etc. A. TO INI Female figure in long dress wall (without Phrygian cap) between eagle and lion 1. standing, in the raised R. a branch, in 1st arm a scepter, from which a small Victoria with a wreath and a palm branch floats towards her I the same way, but the scepter without them I small Victoria (Type D) Weight: 19.15(2) — 13.13(3) I Budapest — 2 Imhoof. — Maybe 3 Berlin Cat here. 34.16; cf. i* For an explanation of this type, the Roman Pax or Dacia-Pax, see the introduction, above p. 6; Illustration of a later coin: Plate I, 3. likewise I Budapest — 2 Löbbecke. PROVINCIA DACIA etc. A. TO V Type B (Mionnet pp. 2, 36, 20 has rather AN-IIII; see above n. 36.4) 36* K- 38* K- 39* K- IMP CMQ TRAIANVS DECIVS head m.L.(r.)l = 36, but without sword I Vaillant number. col. 2.283= ^9^ [Banduri num. imp. 1.19; Mionnet pp. 2, 36, 19] (Vs. not described) | PROVINCIA DACIA etc. A. AN V Type A I Vaillant number. col. 2.283=196 Fig. [Banduri 1.19]. — Compare to 15* (Vs. not described) I PROVINCIA DACIA [without year] Typ- I pus B, without sword I Occo (1601) 449 = Mediobarbus 353

PROVINCIA DACIA [Decius] also I PROVINCIA DACIA and i. A. TO V I type D I Budapest — 2 Linz — 3 Parma — 4 Vienna Eckhel cat. 49.20 [Tanini 5; Ackner 1841, 329.4]. — 1 — 6 Wiczay 2004; Sestini 8.31 IMP CMQ TRAIANVS DECIVS AVG likewise I Copenhagen Cat. Welzl 1236 — 2 Milan. — 1| — nini 5 inaccurate] — 4 Sestini mus. Hederv. 8.32 Etruscilla 40 K26 41 K27 42 K27 43 K28 44 K30 45 K27 40 K27 41* K- 45=^ K- 46' K likewise — 3 Mus. Arigoni 2 colon. XIII, 133 [Ta- HER ETRVSCILLA AVG bust portrait with robe r. PROVINCIA DACIA etc. A. AN IUI Type B I Munich - 2 Paris, formerly Neumann num. vet. 1.91; Wiczay 2003; Sestini 8.30 — 3 Vienna likewise PROVINCIA DACIA etc. A. AN tili Type D I Hunter — 2 Paris, formerly Wiczay 2002; Sestini 8.29. — 1| — 3 Mus. Arigoni i colon. XI, 174 [Tanini 15; Mionnet pp. 2, 37, 21 ; Cohen 5, 212, 35] likewise PROVIN|CIA [DACIA] and others A. TO V likewise Weight: 39g, 7mm thick I Belgrade. — See the comment on n. 15 same, but normal size i PROVINjCIA DACIA and i. A. TO V (Sestertius) 1 as well I Budapest — 2 Copenhagen Cat. Welzl 1238 — 3 Vienna Dcbiel util. 81.41, II, 41 = Froe lich 4 tentam. 135.49 illustrations; Eckhel cat. 49.21 [Tanini 18; Mionnet pp. 2, 37, 22; Ackner 1841, 329.5; Cohen 5, 212, 36]. — 1| — 4 (=2?) Wiczay 2005; Sestini 9.33 Etruscus PROVINCIA DACIA etc. A. TO V Type D Q H ETR MES DEC CAES Bust portrait with armor and IVIantel r. Weight: 13.03 (i) I Athens Cat. 780 — 2 Milan — 3 Munich — 4 Paris Mionnet p. 2,37,24 — 5 St. Peters- castle — 6 Vienna. — |j — 7 Wiczay 2006; Sestini 9.31 (Vs. Q HER-, probably erroneous) IMP CMQ TRA DECIVS AV Br. with crown and robe r. (very youthful face, which bears no resemblance to Decius) PROVINCIA DACIA AVG and i. A. AN V Female like figure as usual 1. standing, in the R. crooked sword (coronam 7"), in the L. Scep- ter with animal head (caput asini ^.^Victoriola 7^) I Mus. Arigoni i alias colon. XII, 186 illustrations [Tanini 5]; Sestini catal. castig. ro It can only be a case of incorrect drawing of a poorly preserved coin if Sestini also accepts it as correct and even considers the addition AVG on the back to be important holds. The emperor and both inscriptions remain uncertain; the image on the reverse is probably type D. Q HER ETR MES DEC CAES His head | PROVINCIA DACIA etc. A. AN IUI Type without laurel wreath in B, without sword I Vaillant number. col. 2.297 = 206 ex. d. Rs, [Banduri 1.43; Mionnet pp. 2,37, 23; Ackner 1841, 329.3; Cohen 5,221,43] rrr 45* I = 45*,' al)er AN V I Vaillant number. col. 2.297 = 206 [Banduri 1.43; Ackner 1841, 329.6] Coins from Etruscus with AN V and type B would be expected, but Vaillant's description In any case, the exercise is inaccurate.

i6 PROVINCIA DACIA Hostilianus 47 [CVAL] HOSTMQVINTVS C chest | PROVINCIA DACIA etc. A. TO V ^ 26 |-,ij(j j^jt Carapace and coat r. } Type B I Paris Mionnet pp. 2, 37, 25 [Cohen 5,233,72]. — Cimel too. Vindob. 1.106 (below 48.7) describes a coin typo soUto, which does not appear again in Eckhel. 48 CVAL HOSTMQVINTVS C also | PROVINCIA DACIA etc. A. TO V ^27 I Type D Deviations: HQST instead of HOST 3. 9 — Rs. AN... 5 I Budapest — 2 Huntcr — 3 Milan — 4 Munich — 5 Naples Cat. 6235: certainly that same piece previously at Banduri 1.53 [Ackner 1844, 59.2 without citing the source], supposedly with GAE on the obverse, from the Foucault collection - 6 Parma - 7 Wien Cimel. Vindob. 1.106; Eckhel cat. 49.22 [Tanini 23; Ackner 1844, 59.1] — 8 Vienna Cimel. Vindob. 1.123; Eckhel cat. 49.23 [Tanini 23; Ackner 1844, 59.1] — 9 Vienna Eckhel cat. 49.24 — 10 Vienna. — |j — II Wiczay 2007; Sestini 9.35 49 K27 [50] K(27) 51 K27 Gallus PROVINCIA DACIA Type B A. TO V 2 Budapest, likewise 3 Wiczay 201 1 ; Sestini 9.93 IMP CAE C VIB TREB GALLVS AVG Br. m. L. P. M. r. Weight: 10.00(1) I Athens Cat. 781 (inaccurate, without sword) - IMP C VIBIO TREBON GALLO AVG likewise } I Wiczay 2010; Sestini 9.38 Since this form of the emperor's name occurs with type D (below n. 52), it is also credible here; it is probably older than the one with Caesar between IMP and C (cf. Viminacium) IMP CAE C VIB TREB GALLVS AVG likewise u. 1. A. AN V PROVINCIA DACIA Type D Deviations: vs. C instead of CAE 2 (f). 3, incomplete 4 I Berlin Cat. 34.17 inaccurate — 2 Vienna Eckhel cat. 49.25 [Tanini 30; Mionnct pp. 2, 38, 28; Ackner 1844, 60.1; Cohen 5, 254, 139]; this piece or 52.1 previously inaccurately in Cimel. Vindob. 1,124. — ü — 3 Mus. Arigoni i alias colon. XII, 193 [Tanini 30] — 4 Tanini 442 add. (by Gradenigo) 47* K- 48* K— =- 48 I PROVINCIA DACIA etc. A. AN VII Type I pus B, without .sword I Banduri 1.53 [Mionnct pp. 2,38,27 and previously without citing sources 1,351.4: Cohen 5, 233, 74]. — Since Banduri cites the coin as being in the Paris collection, so have We only have to do with a false description of our n. 47, which Mionnet does not explain. has noticed. C OVAL IIOSTILIAN AVG as well as 48 | = 47* I Vaillant number. col. 2,301 = 209 Abi), i.e. Rs. [Banduri 1.53; Mionnet pp. 2, 38, 26; Ackner 1844, 59.3; Cohen 5, 233, 75] Coins of Hostilianus as Augustus could well have been minted in Dacia as in Viminacium, but they would have AN V or VI; since it also comes from Gallus and Volusianus does not give any with AN VII and the inscription of the verse is certainly incorrect, so we have to regard Vaillant's description as worthless.

PROVINCIA DACIA 52 K27 53 K27 54 K27 Plate I, 3 likewise [Gallus] IMP C VIBIO TREBON GALLO AVG likewise Deviations: Vs. with incomplete writing i. 2 — Rs. PRO VINCI without A 4 I Vienna Eckhel cat. 49.26 vs. inaccurate [Tanini 30; Mionnet pp. 2, 38, 29; Ackner 1844, 61.2]. — j: — 2 Mus. Arigoni 2 colon. XIII, 139 [Tanini 30] — 3 Wiczay 2008; Sestini 9.36 — 4 Wiczay 2009; Sestini 9.37 Coins of Gallus and also of Volusianus, with AN VI and AN VII have not yet been proven anywhere. — See 52* and 54* below, Volusianus IMP C C VIB VOLVSIANVS AVG Br. | PROVINCIA DACIA etc. A. TO V m. L. P. M. r. | Type B I Budapest — 2 Copenhagen — 3 Munich — 4 Naples Cat. 6236 — 5 Vienna Froelich 4 tentam. 137.51 illustrations; Eckhel cat. 49.28 [Tanini 36; Mionnet pp. 2, 39, 32; Cohen 5, 280, 142]. — II — 6 Wiczay 2013; Sestini 9.41 also PROVINjCIA DACIA etc. A. TO V Type D Illustration of the Rs. (l) Weight: 12.27(1) — 9.90(7) — 8.75(8) Deviations: vs. VIBI instead of VIB (?) 19 — Rs. without year 17 1.2.3.4 Berlin Cat. 35.18-21 — 5 Budapest — 6 Florence Banduri 1.88 inaccurate [Mion- net pp. 2, 39, 31 with AN III] —7.8 Gotha — 9 Copenhagen Cat. Welzl 1239 — 10 Löb becke — 11 Milan — 12 Munich — 13 Parma — 14 St. Petersburg; see below 54* — 15 Vienna Eckhel cat. 49.27 [Tanini 36; Ackner 1844, 61.3] — 16 Vienna. — 1| — 17 media barbus 362 — 18 Mus. Arigoni i colon. XII, 178 (Rs.) - 19 (= 18?) Mus. Arigoni i alia colon. XIII, 195 (both pages) [Tanini 37] — 20. 21 Tanini 37 (from his collection, the branch not specified) — 22 Wiczay 2012; Sestini 9.40 — 23 Sabatier iconogr. Rome. imp. LXXIII, 22 52* K- 54* K— IMP C VIB TREB GALLVS AVG head with l PROVINCIA DACIA and i. A. AN [VI] Ty- L. (r.) I pus D [a donkey's head on the scepter] I godmother imp. 397 Fig. d. Rs. [Vaillant num. colon. 2.306t=213; Banduri 1.70; Mionnet pp. 2, 38, 30; Ackner 1844, 61.5; Cohen 2, 254, 140] While Patin only shows the Rs. of a poorly preserved coin = 51 or 52 Vaillant only created the inscription on the Vs., the year and the decoration of the scepter added arbitrarily; So we don't have a Gallus coin with AN VI. IMP CAE VOLVSIANVS AVG Br. m. L. P, PROVINCIA DACIA AN III Female Mr. r. Figure 1. standing as usual, rows knitted stretches, in the L. branch I Banduri 1.88 [Mionnet pp. 2, 39, 31; Cohen 5, 280, 143] from the Foucault collection Banduri himself remarks in the addenda that he was probably wrong and rather AN VI can be read; since the inscription on the obverse and the type on the reverse are obviously wrong are specified, this certificate is no longer valid; the coin is perhaps the same as above 54.14, since some of Foucault's work is now in St. Petersburg. — According to Ackner 1844, 61.4 There is also a (not described) Volusian coin with AN III in the Ilermann- city high school collection, but this information does not deserve consideration. The ancient coins of Northern Greece I. 2

i8 PROVINCIA DACIA Aemilianus [55] K27 56 K27 57 K27 58 K26 59 K26 55* K- 5%* K- IMP C M AEMIL AEMILIANVS AVG Br, m. L. P. M. r. PROVINCIA DACIA etc. A. TO VII Type B I Vaillant number. col. 2.326 = 227 Fig. d. Rs. [Banduri 1.98; Mionnet pp. 2, 39, 33; Ackner 1844, 63.1; Cohen 5,294.70] without sword — 2 Boutkowski petit Mionnet 47 Since type B occurs under Aemilianus with AN VIII, it is also possible with AN VII; therefore n. 55 is included despite the poor authentication. IMF C M AEMIL AEMILIANVS AVG | PROVINCIA DACIA etc. A. TO VII likewise | Type D I Copenhagen Cat. Welzl 1242 (type inaccurate) — 2 Paris Banduri 1.98 [Ackner 1844, 63.2]; Mionnet 1,351.5 [Cohen 5,293.69] inaccurate. — 1[ — 3 (=2?) Tristan 2,681.2 Fig. d. Rs. [Mediobarbus 364; Ackner 1844, 63.4] (vs. inaccurate); see also below 55* IMP C M AEMIL AEMILIANVS AVG | PROVINCIA DACIA etc. A. TO VIII likewise | Type B 1 Vienna Eckhel cat. 49.32 the Rs. inaccurate without a sword [Tanini 42; Ackner 1844, 64.6] — 2 Vienna, — II — 3 Wiczay 2016; Sestini 10.44 also PROVINjCIA DACIA etc. A. TO VIII Type D Weight: 8.12(3) — 8.00(1) Deviations: Vs. at the end AV 3. 7 I Athens Cat. 782 — 2 Budapest — 3 Gotha — 4 Lübbecke — 5 Munich — 6 Vienna Cimel. Vindob. 1,124, XXIII, 5; Eckhel cat. 49.31 [Tanini 41; Ackner 1844, 64.5]. — |l — 7 Mus. Arigoni i alias colon. XIII, 199 [Tanini 42] — 8 Wiczay 2015; Sestini 10.43 Valerianus IMP P LICI VALERIANVS A^G m. L. P. M. r. Br. PROVINjCIA DACIA and i. A. TO VI Female figure in long dress wall with Phrygian cap between eagle and lion 1, standing, arms spread out, in each hand a standard without sight bare legion digits (type E) Weight: 6.60(2) Deviations: Vs. the woman's headgear looks more like a mo- dius - Rs. The numbers of the field symbols are probably incorrectly stated at 4 I Löbbecke — 2 Munich — 3 Vienna Froelich append. 2 novae 25.29 [Tanini 57]; Eckhel cat. 49.29 [Mionnet pp. 2, 39, 34]. — 1|— 4 (Rs. only) Sabatier icon. introd. p. LVII, 186 The reading of the year AN VI is quite certain; But there must be a stamping error, there Valerian's accession to power does not occur until AN VIII; cf. above p. 4 and in Gallienus n. 65 ' Aemilianus (vs. not described) | PROVINCIA DACIA and others AN VII Type A I godmother imp. 404 Fig. d. Rs. [allegedly from Vaillant num. col. 2.326 = 227 and well also Ackner 1844, 63.3]; maybe just bad drawing of 56.2 IMP CAES AEMILIANVS P F AVG Br. m. j PRO CIA and i. A. AN VII Female L.P.M.r. Figure sitting between eagle and lion 1.; I a standard in front of and behind her I Mus. Arigoni l colon. XII, 179 illustrations [Tanini 41]. ■ — Poor drawing; the coin was Apparently poorly preserved, therefore the type has been misunderstood and the inscription on the obverse is incorrect.

PROVINCIA DACIA 60 K26 [Valerianus] also PROVIN|CIA DACIA etc. A. TO VIII Type B (the digits of the field characters not visible here either) 1 Vienna Eckhel cat. 49.33 [Mionnet pp. 2, 40, 35; Aci

20 PROVINCIA DACIA 65 K26 66 K27 67 K26 68 K26 69 K26 Gallienus IMP GALLIENVS PIV AVG Br. m. L. 1 PROVINjCIA DACIA and i. A. TO VI P.M.r. Type E (which are legion numerals I can't see) Deviations: Vs. with incomplete writing 2. 3 I Paris Banduri 1,199; Mionnet pp. 2, 40, 37; Cohen 5, 472, 1357; the same piece incorrectly with AN VII s, below 65* — 2 Vienna. — j|- — 3 Wiczay 2014, better than Sestini 9.42 The Rs. of the Paris coin (i) is from the same stamp as the Rs. of 59.1 (Löbbcke, Valerian); because of the incorrect year VI, see there and introduction p. 4. also PROVI[NCIA] DACIA etc. A. TO VIII Type B (but without legion numbers) Weight: 9.80(1) I Berlin Cat. 35.24 (mistaken without a sword) — 2 Bucharest. — — 3 Wiczay 2018; Sestini 10.46 — 4 Hermannstadt Ackner 1844, 69.2 (vs. supposedly PIVS, back without sword) likewise Raw style. 1 Lübbecke likewise PROVINCI|A DACIA etc. A. TO X Type D The scepter is very crooked so that it looks more like a palm branch. PROVINCIA DACIA etc. A. TO X Type E (without numbers) Raw style. Deviations: vs. writing incomplete 2. 4 — Rs. PROVINCI 4, PROVIN 2, uncertain i — field symbols with V and XIII (?) 3 — the woman perhaps with Modius 4 1 Milan — 2 Parma — 3 Vienna Debiel util. 83.45, II, 45 = Froelich 4 tentam. 140.54 Fig.; Eckhel cat. 50.35 [Tanini 75; Ackner 1844, 70.3 inaccurate]. — 1| — 4 Neumann 2.121, IV, 15 [Mionnet pp. 2, 40, 39; Cohen 5, 472, 1359]; Wiczay 2019, VI, 131; Sestini 10.47 also PROVINCIA DACIA etc. A. AN XI Type E Raw style. I Vienna, formerly Wiczay 2020; Sestini 10.48 (both with AN X, which may at best be correct could, since the line I after X is not entirely safe) — 2 Vienna, formerly Wiczay 2021, VI, 130 [Mionnet pp. 2, 41, 40; Cohen 5, 472, 1357]; Sestini 10.49; here AN XI sure 65- K— 68* K- 69* S— IMP GALLIENVS PIVS AVG head m. L. r. 1 PROVINCIA DACIA et al. AN VII Type E, I supposedly with the legion numbers V and XIII I Vaillant number. col. 2.344 = 239 Fig. d. Rs. [Banduri 1,199; Mionnet pp. 2,40, 38; Ackner 1844, 69.1; Cohen 5.4.72, 1358]. — Da Vaillant the coin as being in the Paris collection If we are quoted as being, we are only dealing with a false description of our n. 65, i do what Mionnet did not notice; So there is no coin of Gallienus with AN VII. (Vs. not described) 1 PROVINCIA DACIA [year missing] type I push A' (== 62) I godmother imp. 411 Fig. d. [from which Mediobarbus 374, which incorrectly quotes Vaillant]. — Many- It's easy for Godmother to accidentally have Valerian's coin, described above in n. 62, under her Gallienus pictured. (Vs. not described) 1 PROVINCIA DACIA [year missing] »Der I Genius between the eagle and the lion.« I Ackner 1844, 72 from Jo. Filtsch, de Romanorum in Dacia coloniis dissertatio. 1808 (with numismatic appendix). — Filtsch's writing was not accessible to me; anyway This inaccurate description of a cast or false silver coin is worthless.

MOESIA SVPERIOR VIMINACIVM The name Moesia for that Land between the Istros in the north and the Haimos and Skardos in the south only appears in the period when the Romans had taken possession of it. The treatment residents, or at least an important part the same, but were called earlier Muarji; and also the Mysians in Asia Minor According to tradition, they were from here pulled out. But for the country itself The Greeks had no special one names; they counted it as Thrace, including the entire area of the Thracian ian tribes, including the Mysians belonged, was understood, by the North border of Macedonia up to the Istros^). Only when the Romans under Augustus did that Northern area subjugated while the south remained nominally free the need arises, the two land properties in the naming distinguish: the name Thrace became on the land between the Haimos and limited to the Aegean Sea, where the core of the Thracian tribes sat; but that of the subject area became from the most important people of the same, the Mysern, derived from the Romans called Moesi (Strabo 7, 3, 2 01 Muaot', 0pax£? ovTcs xal autot', xal ou; Vuv Motaou? xaXouaiv; 12, 3, 3 oi Mu3oi — d. h. the small- Asian — ÖpaxÄv atTTOtxot zlai täv vuv XsYoixsvwv Mo'.GÖiv); the new province was called after them Moesiah. About the first entry direction of the province and its origins Our sources provide a reasonable scope no security^). For a long time she was with Macedonia and Achaia together ') Cf. Forljiger in Pauly's Real Encyclopedia 7 p. 1892 and 18975. Also the country north of Istros, usually called Scythia, is also called for a while counted as part of Thrace. — From the ancestral related residents of this area are like- Larger masses of people then moved to the Roman province Moesia was transplanted: under Augustus 50,000 Heads (Strabo 7, 3, 10: ext yip e'f' V)[Ji(üv AtXio? KccTo; |A£T(!jxta£v VA zffi TTcpafac to'j "latpo'j Tziyxs [x'jptctSai; aojtj.cttcuv zotpd tüjv TeTüiv, ofAOY^WTTO'j Toc? Hpa;iv £i)vo'j;, dz t>jv BpaxrjV xctl vOv o^-^0'Jalv auToi)t Moiaol ■/^Äo'jij.evoi) and under Nero about looooo heads (inscription of the legate Ti. Plautius Silvanus Aelianus, C. I. L. XIV, 3608 = Dessau 986: plura quam centum millia ex numero Trans- danuvianoftim ad praestanda tributa cum coniu- gibus ac liberis et pj'incipibus aut regibus suis transduxite. Maybe something similar happens more often happened to the population of Moesia strengthen. -') About the province of Moesia see Mommsen in the C. I. L. III p. 263 and Roman History V 12. 193; Marquardt I 301. — More precise definition of the They provide boundaries and a variety of explanations above p. I note I cited works by Do- Maszewski, also the same in Neue Heidelb. Yearbooks i (1891) 8,190 fg.; afterwards, to Partially different, Kalopothakes a. a. O. For They have the coinage of Obcrmoesia Issues of no importance.

22 MOESIA SVPERIOR reigns until they have one of their own under Claudius Governor [legatus Augusti pro praetore) received consular rank; maybe It was only then that the Greeks cities on the Black Sea at Moesia beaten^), while the approximately equal The new province of Thracia was established in a timely manner only the land south of Haimos surrounds summarized. An important innovation occurred Domitian, who was in the early years his government divided the province into two Parts dissected, Moesia superior in West (most of Serbia and adjacent areas) and Moesia inferior in the east (northern Bulgaria), each under its own consular authority gate. At this time, perhaps shortly before the division, the Greeks have to Coins with Domitian's head hear which one is on the back mourning female figure with the inscription MY2IA show; but they are, as already Eckhel recognized correctly, not in the country shaped, but on the island of Crete ^). We will now leave the situation as it is from Moesia inferior, which in the Ein- leading to the next section need to be put aside and go on the coinage of Moesia superior a. We find the same development here as in the neighboring Dacien. In pre- Roman times circulated except for local Greek barbarian coins Money from different areas'); the Roman conquest brings the denarius to the Domination. There were Greek cities in Don't land*), and from the Romans none held the right to mint, neither the Co- lonia Ratiaria Singidunum Scupi ^), still the Municipium Viminacium. The coins with the inscription DARDAN ICI, which is un- ter Traj, and the one with AELIA PINCENSIA, which under Hadrian in this area have been beaten, seem like that Coins of the other metal a from the Administration of the individual mines minted for the use of workers to have been"); they are, as Roman Embossings, not included in our work taken; In any case, they had for all common financial transactions in the province none Meaning. — The inhabitants of Moesia superior made do with Roman Money like their neighbors in Dalmatia and Pannonia and all the West, until the province finally emerged in the III. century received its own coin. The Mint of the Upper Moesian coins is Vimina- ') Cf. the introduction to Moesia inferior. -) There are 4 known examples of this coin: I from the Foucault collection at Vaillant num. gr. 24 and Hardouin op. 11 1 [from Eckhel d. n. 2.6 incerta; Sestini lett. cont. 3.60 cretas; Mionnet pp. 4, 350, 332 Greta; Svoronos Crete 344.59], probably now in Naples Cat. 7869 below Asia. — 2 Paris Mionnet 2,512 Asia; Svoro nos 344>59. XXXIII, 19. — 3 Paris Svoronos 344.60, XXXIII, 20. — 4 Vienna, formerly Wiczay 2022, VI, 132. — On the last three examples The reading MYÜIA is by no means certain; it would at least be possible that another program Vinz is shown. ■■') For more information, see the report on the museum Belgrade by A. Dumont, revue archeol. 1868, II, 407 - 416 = Melanges d'archeologie 178 - 185. ^) Combe had in the Mus. Hunter 19.1, III, 18 a Greek coin that he brought to Al- wanted to give mus. Eckhel recognized this as mistaken and thought of one of the Aegean islands (i.e. n. 2,7): Mionnet p. 2, 41 believed Phoenician Letters can be seen on the coin. The right current assignment to Knidos is given by Friedländer, num. Ztschr. 1870 p. 323, 2. — Because of the bleached coins from Scupi see note 5. ■') After Scupi, Postolakkas wanted to stay in the Cat. Athens I P. 104 give Greek coins, but what is impossible; they belong in the Crimea, see Im- hoof-Blumcr, Greek coins p. 40 fg. '^) Compilation of the mining coins l)ci corner hel d. n. 6,445 - 448.

VIMINACIVM cium, today's Kostolatz an der Do- right in Serbia^). This city is called in den older inscriptions municipiiini (C. I. L. III 1654. 1655, Suppl. 8102. 8127 - 8129); the full name iminicipiuvi Aelium Vimina- ciuin shows that they have municipal law received under Hadrian or Pius. In some later inscriptions are contrary to this referred to it as colonia (C. I. L. III 1474, Suppl. 8109), and it is also usually called moderately on the coins, their minting under Gordianus III, began ^). The arrival It is obvious that the city is just like that was only raised to a colony at that time is, all the more so at the same time as that Coinage also has its own new year re-counting was introduced; an era from the founding of the colony can be found Yes, other things too, e.g. B. in Sinope^). A be- special reason for this innovation genes in Viminacium are not known to us; your own coinage may only wish seem worthwhile because it is in Land lacked copper coins and they cannot be brought from Rome wanted to create; one assumes so- even that a part of the silver coins [An- toniniani) Gordians found here in Viminacium beat isf*). The new coins were but probably not just for the area city, but for the entire province determined. However, they differ by mentioning the city name COL VIM (sometimes in later years abbreviated or incorrect) by others Provincial coins (see p. 2 note 2 above), and one therefore becomes in this case not the province, but the city as holder of the right to mint ben. But the addition PMS [Provincia Moesia Superior), which is not the purpose here can have to differentiate ours Viminacium from another city the same To serve a certain name^), it must be like that be understood that through him City coins across the province should be given validity; that teaches also the choice of types whose pro- vincial meaning demonstrated below will be. — Whether the new year also re-enumeration of the Colonie Viminacium for should apply to all of Upper Moesia we don't know because they are at all can be proven on our coins. Here but the year numbers appear regularly moderately as on the Dacian coins in Section of the back, from AN • I • under Gordianus to AN-XVI- under Valerianus and Gallienus. — The first letter of the date usually appears as A without a horizontal line, which occasionally also occurs Dacian coins"). The following table presents the data of the coins of Viminacium together; the same applies to their completeness, what above (p. 2) about the annual figures of the ') Mommsen C. I. L. III p. 264. — Kanitz, Roman cal studies in Serbia, in the memoranda the Vienna Academy of Phil.-Hist. Class Vol. 41 p. 16 fg. — The work of Ormos, the age- Thümer von Viminacium (Temesvar 1878), cited C I. L. III Suppl. 8108, I couldn't use it. '■') The Viminacian coins of the Maesa and the Alexander are invented by Goltz; see below 70*. •') Cf. Mommsen, Roman Constitutional Law 3, 821. ■*) Vötter, monthly journal of numism. society in Vienna 3, 17 and Num. Zschr. 25 (1894) 406. 5) The inscription PMS COL VIM becomes ordinary Provinciae Moesiae Superioris Colonia ViminMium read; but that's bad Latin and... In particular, it is not consistent with language skills use of inscriptions and coins. The two of them Parts, PMS and COL VIM, are probably without grammatical connection next to each other. '') First noticed by Postdlakkas Cat. Athens too "• 785; cf. Pick, num. Ztschr. 23,33 note 6.

24 MOESIA SVPERIOR Provincia Dacia has been said. — That Character X indicates safe coins are present; the horizontal rows show which years coins are in find each emperor (empress, caesar); the vertical rows with which image nits were shaped every year that is. I II III IUI v VI VII VIII villi X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI Gordian III. X X X Philip Sr. (X?) (X)X X X X X Otacilia X X X X Philip iun. Caes. X X X Philip iun. Aug. (X) X X X Decius X Etruscilla X Etruscus Caes. X Hostilianus Caes. X (X) Hostilianus Aug. X X Gallus •X X X (X) Volusianus X X Gallus and Volusianus X Aemilianus X (X) Valerianus X X Mariniana X Gallienus X Let's see from the round ones cases marked in brackets (X), which we later identified as a stamp error become wise, then a regular one remains Aera left, throughout the sixteen years has been counted. About the beginning Eckhel went to calculate this era from the year V, which both on Coins of Gordianus as on such of Philip appears. Since the director The change took place in spring 244 and the year in Eckhel's opinion too in Viminacium on i. start January must, he sets the year V equal to 244 and is therefore found as the beginning of the whole Aera den i. January 240. That the Aera could start as early as autumn 239, Eckhel holds, apart from his general my view on the New Year in Co- Ionia, also impossible because there are coins of Decius with AN X, which was then minted before the fall of 249 should be, and also coins of the Gallus with AN XII, before the fall 251 would fall. Now there is in the That numerous coins of Gallus and also of Volusianus with AN XII; there you but now we know that Gallus is already there Summer (August?) 251 Emperor would, These coins don't make any difficulty at all accuracy; and also the other objection falls away because there are no safe coins of Decius can be proven with AN X; the pieces led by Eckhel Vienna collection have XI or XII (see below ten to 122**). But there are safe ones Coins of Philip with AN XI (un- ten 108; cf. 106 and Philippus iunior 122; these would be the case if you look at the Aera Hesse begins the year on January 1, 240

VIMINACIVM 250 fall, where Philipp has already been for a few months nate was dead, and that's why the beginning of the era in the year 239 become. A slightly more precise determination mung results from the coins TO XIV; that falls this year Valerianus took office in September 253 took place; after that you will the New Year hardly before October can set. It couldn't be any closer calculate because the chronology of this time'), especially for the government of Decius, is too uncertain. You know that Decius became emperor in the Danube countries was proclaimed and that Philip then fell in battle against him at Verona; that there is quite some time between Apostasy of Decius and the death of Philip lies, emerges from the ti- tulatures of the former on inscriptions; the Waste becomes common in the fall of 248 placed, the death of Philip in the Autumn 249. According to our coins it seems it that the crew of Viminacium the Decius not before the death of Phi- lippus has recognized there in this city still in the year XI, i.e. in October 249 or a little later, coins with the picture of Philip were beaten; the same type, the standing emperor with the goddess of victory, could even be on it let us conclude that here are the followers of Philip in the fall of 249 somewhere achieved or at least achieved a success to have hoped; but shortly afterwards, as death Philip was reported from Italy, resistance had to be given up the, and so in the year XI in Viminacium still has numerous coins Decius hunted. — It is possible that the history of this time later new inscription finds or others If the information is better clarified, then which perhaps also the above setup lungs need to be corrected; with our current knowledge of the chrono logy, the data from vimi- nacium in the manner specified some: the coins of Phihppus with AN XI and that of Valerianus with AN XIV revealed that the beginning of the era in the fall of 239, probably in the October, falls; New Year's Day needs neither with the Roman nor with that Syrian, Actian or any other their falling together; it is the us unknown day on which Viminacium in the year 239 the right to mint and indeed apparently also preserved colonial law ten has. P^ine cause certain difficulty the coins of Hostilianus from the Years XIII. The same is on one part of the coins of the year XII already Anjfuslus called (155, 156); and it becomes thereby confirmed that after the death of Decius of Gallus accepted as co-ruler has been taken. On the other hand, he is called on most coins of Year XIII (158. 159) again only Caesar. The wrongdoer will probably have arisen in such a way that one at the beginning of the year XIII by mistake Obverses -stamp of the previous one- used this year. In any case, The coins of the year XIII confirm this, too the faulty ones that Hostilianus still has until the end of the year 253 has lived. — In complete contradiction to the regular annual census the coins of Philippi with AN INI ') Cf. ilic nhcii p. 3 Anni. I quote scriptures.

26 MOESIA SVPERIOR (n. 95 and 114)') and those of Gallus and Aemilianus with AN XVI (n. 169 and 184); since the reading of the numerals is safe, it could just be a stamping error, as with the Dacian coins of Valeria nus and Gallienus with AN VI, the artistic technical explanations of this data, such as them some older numismatists have tried are rightly described by Eckhel as un- possible and unnecessarily rejected the. Compared to the large masses, You won't find properly dated coins. are, in the few exceptions, errors to recognize. Because if you yourself proposed by Mazzoleni -) and by very unlikely outcome from the outset away that in Viminacium next to the Aera of 240 at the same time a second of 242 would have been in use wanted, then it would be un- compatible that the younger Philipp already in the year IUI his name was Augustus; and around the Coins of Gallus and Aemilianus To explain AN XVI you would even have to have one third era beginning in the year 238 take. As I said, this is impossible. Eckhel has identified the deviations from the unifying era is rightly seen as a mistake. draws; only they are not stamps exchanges (mistaken use old stamp), as he said, otherwise not in Gallus and Aemilianus a later one date could occur, but rather a accidental careless stamp cutting the; instead of AN INI there is AN VIII or Villi read, and instead of AN deliver to AN XIV. — If one speaks of this- Apart from these errors, the coins are from Viminacium and its Aera a need- useful aid for the chronology of the Period that starts with her year I in Autumn 239 begins and with the year XVI = 254/5 ends; for what reasons the Upper Moesian coinage two more years before the Dacian extinct, we don't know. — The types of Viminacium are far more varied than that of Dacia; but clearly a single type appears here as the symbol of the mint before, who always in the sixteen years returns, while the others only ever happen once or not much more often and thereby sees himself as a deviation to prove that a specific special, even if not for us anymore there was clearly identifiable cause. The plaupt type, which we have for the sake of brevity What we will call type A is the following: Female figure in a long robe 1. standing, at her feet Hnks Taurus r. and on the right a lion L, above whose heads she holds in her hands. (Figure page 31.) This representation can also be found on a stone relief at Popenhause is walled up in Kostolatz^); the woman stands there forward and has an un- clear headgear, from the two The animals only have their front parts visible. The relief is poor Work and certainly belongs in the III. year- hundred; it looks like it's just that Coin type would be replicated. — Also There are many things on the coins small deviations in the position of the ') The coins of the older Philippus with AN III (n. 94) I leave it out of consideration here because reading is not safe enough; of course it would be also AN III stamp error. '^) Animadversiones 2,160. 176. ■') Kanitz a. a. O. ; shown in the communications the K. K. Central Commission for research and preservation of architectural monuments XII, p. 52. 53.

VIMINACIVM woman and animals; the woman often stands all the way forward, the position of the hands is different; the animals, both or one, appearing soon standing, soon striding; but since this is often uncertain, could not regulate these deviations moderately taken into account, only those more conspicuous ones are prominent in their place lifted. Only that deserves mention here very different form of the type a single coin of Gordian, where the both animals turned away from the woman det are (Plate I, 5); it is possible that this is the original one, but soon abandoned given type (see below 70). On the- the same coin the woman seems to be the phry- Great hat to wear, what a hat Moesian figure would also be appropriate like for the Dacia; but this ab- characters have not been retained The woman always appears without a head covering, except for two different the guy where she has the wall crown (Plates I, 6 and 7). Whether the female figure the city or the province should represent). be doubtful if not next to her the bull and the lion appeared, the Badge of the two Upper Moesian Legions. Of these, only one was the legio VII Claudia, in Viminacium, while the other, the legio IUI Flavia in Singidunum (Belgrade); with the last teren and their heraldic animal the city goddess of Viminacium nothing to do, whereas for a representation the province the addition of the two Legion pictures were just right. The At the same time, the type indicated that the Coin for the whole province, the two of them Legions and the rest of the inhabitants, was determined. — That the two animals here too, as in Dacia the eagle and the lion, as the insignia of the Legion are to be viewed, there is a special ders from the deviant types of the Annual INI. First of all we have this Woman with 2 field symbols on which the Numbers VII and MM are to be read; next to the standard of the VII Legion the bull, next to that of the MM. Legion the lion (n. 85, 86; also under Phi- Hppus with AN V, n. 99, plate I, 10; under Hostilianus Aug. with AN XII, n. 156). on- times rise on the two fields symbolize the images of the emperor and the Empress (n. 87, plate I, 7), a very remarkable representation, since the ima- otherwise only in the form of me- daillons attached to the signa seem '). Then they are even clearer the coins of the same year, which the both animals not next to the woman ground, but on the field signals show standing (n. 88, plate I, 6); and the others who have the Kai instead of the woman have ser with spear and bowl at the altar between the two field symbols ') The wall crown would more likely indicate a city goddess let it close, but she only comes twice and by the way would also be for an I.andes- goddess not inadmissible. — The explanation of Birch (num. Chron. 8.39; see below 170), that the woman is Kyjjele, the bull and the lion Attributes first adopted by the legions would be, at least it should be mentioned here, ol)Probably them is certainly not correct. -) A. V. Domaszewski, the flags in Roman Ileerc, p. 69 fg. and before that the compilation the Praetorian Signa p. 56fg. , wherever it is there are only medallions on the shaft. Even if Others, like on our coins, are small busts to be accepted as the crown of the field symbols were, the news would be different Writer on the destruction of the imperial portrait c explain better in the camps.

28 MOESIA SVPERIOR which the front parts of the bull and the lion are depicted (n. 91, Plate I, 9)^). These guys confirm so what we have through the Roman coins of GaUienus know that the bull Badge of the Icgio VII Claudia and the Leo which is the legio IUI Flavia. — Except these guys with those two Field symbols can still be found in IUI a different representation, which is also if only occurs in this one year: the woman holds a field in her left hand sign (without legion number) and in the On the right a hare (aft. 89. 90, plate I, 8); whether this is just the rabbit wealth of the country should indicate how new man said, or perhaps an allusion towards a defeated enemy within What is to be sought must remain an open question. In any case, one must assume that for this extraordinary coinage numerous coins with new types also distinguished by better work there was a special reason; perhaps Emperor Gordian, who is around this time (AN IUI = 242/3) on his Journey to the Orient through Moesia came and there were also some warlike ones undertakings had to be carried out stayed in Viminacium for a while, and are the new coins for celebration beaten in his presence. The coins with the rabbit are them only ones on which the bull and the lion missing; otherwise the animals will appear pictures of the two legions regularly also on the different types, which were later minted in Viminacium have been. These are the following: Under Philip we find in the year V (except for the type already mentioned the two field symbols) a winged one Figure with wreath and palm branch, that is the Roman Victoria or Moesia as Victoria (n. 99); like the form of the name Emperor shows, this coin belongs in the first months of his reign; whether she refers to a victory in Mocsien, we don't know. A similar depiction position returns to coins in the year XIII of Gallus again (n. 167); but the woman only holds the wreath in his right hand, while her left hand over the head of the Lions stretched out; also find we have a winged figure with a wreath without Palm branch on a relief with the mentioned above together in Kostolatz has been found^). In the year XI appears on coins of Philippus senior, the one discussed above Type of the standing emperor with the Goddess of Victory on the right and the Spear in the left (n. 108, plate I, 11). The arrival of Decius in the same Years announce themselves through another new type, the woman with branch and Scepter (the Sestertii with a small Victoria on the scepter, see plate I, 12), the Roman Pax or, because of the animals, Moesia-Pax (n. 123 with Victoria, 126 without Victoria); we have the same types also found in Dacia at the same time; here like there they celebrate the restoration of peace on the lower Danube ^). — ') On the tombstone of a Signifer of the VIIth Le- gion in Viminacium two field symbols appear, at the top of which a bull's head is attached; see the illustration at v. Doniaszewski, arch.-ep. Communications XV (1892) 192. -) Shown by Kanitz in the communications a. a. O. (above p. 26 note 3). 3) It deserves attention that the emperor on this- sen his first coins from Viminacium does not bear the name Traianus; it wouldn't be un-

VIMINACIVM In the year zen of Decius and the members of his In the house the woman except in the usual position often comes with new attractions. butene: with branch and ball (n. 132, 138. 144. 150, also with AN XIII at Hosti- lianus n. 159; Plate I, 14); with branch and Cornucopia (131), on which sometimes a small Victoria stands (130, plate I, 13); with cornucopia and ball (140); or even with just one of these attributes (branch, ball, cornucopia) in this or that hand while the other hand free above the head of one animal lies; the woman with the branch is found also once a year under Aemilianus Xllll (n. 181). Since these guys are not from borrowed from Roman coins we always see the Moesia in the woman to recognize; a special name according to the attributes we cannot to give. It is striking that in the same Years (AN XII) Medallions of Caesar Hostilianus struck in Viminacium have been made while it was by Decius there are none; maybe they are after that death of the emperor and before the recognition formation of the gallus; but it is also possible that it comes from Decius and F2truscus (or from Gallus) there were similar pieces, which are just not preserved to us. Your type pus is the usual one. — On one Coin of Hostilianus as Augustus The older one can also be found with AN XII Type of Moesia with the two field characters (n, 156). The latest innovations in the types brings the year XIII. The coins with the winged figure (n. 167) are already above been mentioned. Finally, there are Lich two more medallions of Gallus and Volusianus (n. 170 and 171). Same have bust portraits on the front of the two emperors, facing each other; on the back it shows a gallus and Volusianus facing each other standing, with Victoria on the ball and spear (Plate I, 16), the other the gall- lus on horseback and in front of him the victory goddess with wreath and palm branch; Taurus and lion are on these medallions the section on pages of the year set. — Other deviant types have not yet been proven; but it is It's possible that there are still some new things to come appears. The values of the coins of Vimi nacium are the same ones we have in Dacia have found. There is so much silver here little like there. Among the copper coins some are due to their special size and high weight conspicuous; those of Gordianus (n. 75 with AN II) and the one of Hostilianus (n. 153) are of ordinary style, while the other (n. 154, because of the edge) and the already mentioned th pieces of the two emperors Gallus and Volusianus from the year XIII as a medal lons are to be considered '), in the mass We can also get the remaining coins here Sestertius, Dupondius and As distinguish the. Sestertius is under Gordian and Philippus usually somewhat larger and heavier than the Dacian; the through- knife is 28 — 32 mm, the weight is Average 18, often over 20 g. The you pondius, through the ray crown of the Imperial head identified, weighs about 7 g, the As, only with AN I and AN II possible that he was originally only C. Messius Q. Decius was called and only after his general received the nickname Traiamis in recognition. ') See Pick, num. Zschr. 23 (1891), 30.

30 MOESIA SVPERIOR certainly verifiable, 3.5^.^) Among the later emperors were probably given the small ren denominations are almost no longer minted; the few Dupondii, whose weight is is known, are much lighter than that older. The weight falls even more the sesterces; is already under Decius the average weight 12 g, later only 9 - 10 g, and it is not uncommon for the food to sink weighs up to 6 g, which means there is also one here Reduction of the diameter hand in hand goes; but it can hardly be doubted Felt that even these light and small ones Pieces should be considered sesterces. Literature. Deserved of the older literature except that Treatment of the Upper Moesian era cited above Mazzoleni only mentions: Panel (AI. X.), de nummis exprinientibus un- decimum Treboniani Galli Augusti annum; decimum tertium et decimum quartum, Aemiliano Augusto, Coloniae Viminacii; undecimum denique Valeriani senioris, Illiberi 1748. 4. [Panel searches for the chrono- logy of the emperors from Gordian to Valerian and their Roman and provincial coins zen to sort by year. Everyone is with him well-known coins from Viminacium are included. Except Vaillant and other works of the older ones He cites numerous literature collections largely otherwise unknown and now lost are. Although overall he seems to be reliable seems to have a number of obviously wrong ones descriptions given; I therefore believed where you There was a concern, one only through panel attested coin not in the series of safe ones to be able to record numbers. Citirt is the work contribute regularly.] Eckhel, d. n. 2.8 fg. Sanclemente, mus. Sandern. 4.379-392 (cf. the same, de vulgaris aerae emendatione libri quatuor, Romae 1793, p. 391). [p. goes from AN XIV because of the coins of Gallus, Aemilianus and Valerianus must be equal to 253, i.e. AN I = 240; He explains the deviations as negligent Font, V instead of 11, or stamp error. The material he takes from the literature and from his own collection; for the latter he is regularly quoted.] ') There also seem to be exceptions: n. 177 with laurel wreath weighs 5.3 g, on the other hand n. 166 with ray crown only 3.1; maybe is so the former Dupondius and the latter As. Also n. 114 (3.2 g) is probably despite the radiation steering crown to be regarded as an ace. — About more Irregularities see 182. 183, also 176.

Type A Gordian III. 70 K29 Plate I, 5 IMP CAES M ANT GORDIAN[VS AVG] Bust portrait of the emperor with Laurel wreath, armor and man tel r. PMS C[OL VIM and in section AN... Female figure in long Robe (with Phrygian cap?) between a bull and a Lions 1. standing, above whose heads she holds hands; the two animals stand behind her, so that only the front parts are visible are cash, the bull 1st, but the Turning his head back to her, the Lion r. Illustration of the Rs. I Vienna Froelich 4 tentam. 122.38 figs.; Eckhel cat. 50.10 The year that Froelich read AN'I* cannot be seen; but his approach can The assumption that this form of representation was the original one may be correct it no longer occurs later; that the coin belongs to one of the first three years, Eckhel has already emphasized; With AN IUI begins another form of imperial named. 70* Julia Maesa (not described in detail) | COL VIM AN I without specifying the type and Severus Alexander (also) | COL VIM AN II as well I. 2 Goltzius thesaurus huberrimus (1579) 151 These coins, arbitrarily invented by Goltz, are from Noris (see below at 94. 95), Hardouin (nummi antiqui 516), Mazzoleni and others were and have been taken seriously the views on the dates of Viminacium lieparticularly confused; Eckhel d. n. 2.10 but he has already correctly described them as inventions.

32 MOESIA SVPERIOR 71 K29 72 K22 73 K19 71* K- 73* K (30?) [Gordianus III] IMP CAES M ANT GORDIANVS AVG ]^r. m. L. r. Mr. r. P M S COjL VIM etc. A.ANI. Female figure as above (each but without a Phrygian cap) 1. standing; but the animals stand still here not behind her, but screaming- towards them, the bull to the right and the lion Hnkshin (type A; Illustration of a piece with AN III above p. 31) Weight: 16.68(7) — 16.67(4) — 14.37(8) — 14.27(9); cf. 26. 27 Deviations: Vs. at the end AV 15, A'^G 20 ■ — Rs. Separation of the writing to- sometimes different - AN I often without points - the woman turns her head back 20 1.2.3.4 Berlin Cat. 97.1-4 — 5.6 Budapest — 7-8.9 Gotha — 10 Hague — 11 Copen- hagen Ramus 1.97, i — 12 Leake suppl. 151 — 13 London Cat. 15.1 — 14 Milan Mus. Sanclem. 3.91 = 4.380 - 15 Mandl - 16. 17. 18. 19 Munich - 20 Paris Mionnet pp. 2, 42, 1 - 21 Thorwaldsen Müller cat. 371, 143 — 22 Vienna Eckhel cat. 50, i — 23 Vienna. — 'j— 24 Havercamp numoph. reg. Christinae 239, XXXIII, 22 (Rs.) [Gessner inip. CLXXIV, 45] inaccurate — 25 Muselli imp. CXCVI, 10-26 Wiczay 2023; Sestini 12.1 (severe) — 27 Wiczay 2025; Sestini 12.2 (lighter) — also (without size information) 28 Occo (1601) 432 Rs. = Mediobarbus 342 — finally (without year) 29 Patin imp. 369 Fig. d. Rs. the same, but with a crown of rays | likewise Weight: 7.12(4) — 5.40 (15) — 5.30(1) Deviations: Vs. at the end supposedly without AVG i - with counterstempcl AI 22 — Case sometimes AN I without points — Number uncertain 1 1 I Athens Cat. 784 — 2 Haag — 3 Hunter — 4 Imhoof — 5 Leake suppl. 151 — 6 Löb- becke —7.8 London Cat. 15,3.4 — 9 Milan — 10 Munich — 11 Naples Cat. 6239 — 12 Naples Santang. Cat. 9908 — ■ 13 Paris Mionnet i, 351, i = p. 2, 42, 2 — 14 Paris Mionnet pp. 2, 43, 3 — 15 Turin Mus. Cat. 1951 = Lavy 956 — 16 Vienna Eckhel cat. 50.2 — 17 Vienna Mus. Theup. 738 — 18.19 Vienna. — 1| — 20 Panel 15 — 21 Wiczay 2026; Sestini 12.5 — 22 Sabatier iconogr. LXVII, 25 the same, but with a laurel wreath | likewise Weight: 4.35(0 -- 3.96(7) -- 2.98(2) I Berlin Cat. 38.5 — 2 Gotha — 3 Copenhagen Ramus i, 97, 2 — 4 Milan Mus. Sanclem. 3.91 = 4.380 — 5 Naples Cat. 6238 — 6 Paris Mionnet i, 352, 2 — 7 Turin Mus. Cat. 1957 = Lavy 957 — 8 Vienna Eckhel cat. 50.3 — 9.10 Vienna. — il — 11. 12 Wiczay 2024. 2025; Sestini 12.3. 4 IMP GORDIANVS PIVS FEL AVG head of = 71 Emperor with laurel wreath, on others with Radiation crown I Medioljarbus 342 — 2 Vaillant num. col. 2.221 = 152 Fig. d. Rs. [Panel 15] The vs. is fictional; This name form does not appear on secure coins until the year III. 71* with laurel wreath PMS COL VIM etc. A. AN I Type of Woman with 2 standards on which the head of the Emperor and the Empress are (:r=: untcn 87) I Panel 13 »in cimelio Sereniss. Mr. Borbonii, Ducis Vernolii« There must be an error on the part of the panel because this type belongs to the year IUI.

VIMINACrVM 33 74 K19 75 K35 77 K23 78 K20 76* K- [Gordianus III] IMP CAES M ANT GORDIANVS | likewise likewise | Weight: 3.8 (i) I Athens Cat. 783 y — 2 London Cat. 1 5.2 — 3 Paris — 4 St. Petersburg Sestinimus, Benkowitz 5 IMP CAES M ANT GORDIANVS AVG likewise i. A. AN II PMS CO|L VIM etc. Type A Weight: 66.30(2) — 55.90(1); 6mm thick I Löbbecke Z. f. Num. 15 (1887) 37 — 2 Vienna Mus. Theup. 807. — | — 3 Godmother thes. (1672) 125 Fig. d. Rs. [Mediobarbus 338]. — See pick num. Ztschr. 23 (1891) 31 and above p. 29 PMS COiL VIM etc. A Type A ANII 76 the same, but normal size ^ 30 (Sestertius) Weight: 19.20(2) — 14.71(8) Deviations: Vs. head instead of bust 16 — Backs. Separation sometimes C|OL — AN- II- 19. 22, AN 11 often, supposedly ANTI 25 I Athens — 2. 3. 4. 5 Berlin Cat. 38.6-9 — 6. 7 Budapest — 8 Gotha Love 292 Fig. [Gessner imp. CLXXIV, 46] — 9 Hague — 10 Hunter — 11 Copenhagen Ramus l, 97, 3 — 12. 13 London Cat. 15.5.6 — 14 Milan Mus. Sandern. 4,381 — 15. 16 Munich — 17 Naples Cat. 6241 — 18 Paris Mionnet l, 352, 3 — 19 Paris — 20. 21 Vienna Eckhel cat. 50.4. 5 — 22 Vienna Mus. Theup. 738 [Panel 19] — 23 Vienna — 24 Winterthur. — ; — 25 Erizzo ed. 2 (1568) 704 Fig. d. Rs. = ed. 4,511 — 26 Mediobarbus 342 — 27 Panel 19 — 28 Muselli imp. CXCVII, i — 29 Wiczay 2027; Sestini 12.7 - 30 Sestini mus. Hederv. 12.6 the same, but with a crown | likewise Weight: 5.91 (2) Deviations: Sometimes C|OL, AN-II- and AN II I Berlin Cat. 38.11 — 2 Gotha — 3 Hunter — 4 Imhoof — 5 London Cat. 15.7 - 6 May country — 7. 8 Munich — 9 Naples Cat. 6240 — 10 Paris Mionnet pp. 2, 43, 5^11 Rome Vatican — 12. 13 Vienna Eckhel cat. 50.6. 7. — j| — 14 Panel 19 — 15 Muselli imp. CXCVII, 2 (Vs. incomplete) — 16 Wiczay 2028; Sestini 12.8 — 17 Sabatier icon. LXVII, 26 — 18 Chaix descr. 5 the same, but with a laurel wreath | likewise Weight: 4.08(3) — 3.60(2) Deviations: Rs. sometimes CjOL ■ — mostly only AN II without points — annual number uncertain 2. 13 - the bull lies on the ground and raises the r. Vf. 5 I Berlin Cat. 38.10 — 2 Berlin Cat. 39.22 (with AN HI, but the number is uncertain) — 3 Gotha — 4 Copenhagen Ramus 1.97.4 — 5 Löbbecke — 6 Milan Mus. Sanclem. 4, 381—7 Munich—8 Naples Cat. 6241 — 9 Paris — 10 Vienna Eckhel cat. 50.8. — !| — II Mus. Arigoni i alias colon. XI, 174 (Rs.) — 12 (= n?) Mus. Arigoni 2 colon. XII, 126 (Rs.) — 13 Agnethler description of Schulz. Coin box 2,248, 1093 (supposedly AN V, but poorly preserved) There is no evidence of any small coins of this type from Gordian's later years, as 2 and 13 are listed here. IMP GORDIANVS PIVS FEL AVG Br. m. 1 = 76 L.P.M.r. I 1 Mediobarbus 342 (from Index Polatius, also a piece with an uncertain year) — 2 Pedrusi 7,421, XLII, 8 [mentioned by Gessner imp. CLXXIV, to n. 46]. — (Mionnet pp. 2, 43, 4 = Cohen 5, 68, 417 rather has AN III; see below 81.20) The shape of the name indicates that the coin dates from Year III or later; the number is probably lost read instead of AN III as at the Paris Mint Mionnets; 2 is perhaps = Naples cat. 6242 or 6243 (below n. 81, 1 6. 17). The ancient coins of Northern Greece I. 3

34 MOESIA SVPERIOR 79 K30 80 K23 81 K30 82 K23 the same, but with a crown [Gordianus III] IMP CAES M ANT GORDIANVS AVG PMS C OL VIM etc. A. ANIII Br. m. L. P. M. r. Type A Weight: 19.15(14) — 15.97 (0 — 15.82(3) Deviations: vs. writing uncertain i — on the chest piece of the scale armor a Victoria with a wreath (?) and a palm branch 1. walking 15. 24 — head instead Bust 8. 11 and perhaps more often - Rs. CO'L 5 - sometimes AN-III- or AN III I Athens Cat. 785 — 2.3 Berlin Cat. 38.12. 13 — 4. 5 Hague — 6 Hunter — 7 London Cat. 16.10 — 8 Milan Mus. Sandern. 4,381 — 10/9/11 Munich — 12/13 Paris (see below 83*) — 14 Turin Mus. Cat. 1952 — 15 Vienna — 16 Vienna Eckhel cat. 50.9 — 17 Vienna Mus. Theup. 738 — 18 Vienna. — 1| — 19 Panel 21 — 20. 21 Wiczay 2029. 2030; Sestini 12.9. 10 – 22 Wiczay 2031 ; Sestini 12.11 — 23 Haller Cat. Berne 266.82 — 24 Chaix descr. 6. — See below 79* PMS C|OL VIM etc. A. AN • III • likewise Weight: 6.40(2) — 5.56(1) Deviations: Rs. CO]L 3.^5.8, COL 2 |. 2 Berlin Cat. 39,20.21 — 3 Hague — 4 Copenhagen Cat. Welzl 1255 — 5 Paris (cf. below 84*) — 6 Vienna Mus. Theup. 738 — 7.8 Vienna Over the course of the year IM joins the older form of the name IMP CAES M ANT GORDIANVS AVG which has been in Rome for several years ous form IMP GORDIANVS PIVS FEL AVG, which is then also in Viminacium is retained. IMP GORDIANVS PIVS FEL AVG ] P M S COL VIM et al. A. TO III - Br. m. L. P. M. r. i Type A Weight: 17.95(6) — 15.95(7) Deviations: vs. FELIX instead of FEL 6. 12. 18. 26 — at the end AV 12; —Rs. Separation usually C|OL — unsure whether III or IUI 21. 23 1-6 Berlin Cat. 38.14-19 — 7 Gotha Love 292 Fig. [probably from Gessner imp. CLXXIV at the end] — 8 Gotha — 9 Copenhagen Ramus 1.97, 5 — 10 Leake suppl. 151 — 11 Löb- becke — 12.13 London Cat. 15.8.9 — 14 Milan -- 15 Munich — 16.17 Naples Cat. 6242. 6243 cf. above 76* — 18. 19 Naples Santang. 9909. 9910 — 20 Paris Mionnet pp. 2, 43, 4 [Cohen 5, 68, 417] incorrect with AN 11 - 21 Paris (= Mionnet pp. 2, 44, 11, with AN IUI?) — 22 Sophia — 23 Thorwaldsen Müller cat. 371,144 — 24 Vienna Eckhel cat. 50.11 inaccurate — 25 Vienna. — 1| — 26 Panel 21 — 27 Wiczay 2032: Sestini 12,12 — 28 Sabatier icon. LXVII, 27 — 29 Cohen 5, 68, 418 by Rollin. — (The coin in London Don Cat. 16.11 seems to belong to Gallus; see below 165.24) the same, but with a crown | likewise Weight: 7.28 (i) 1 Gotha — 2 Hunter — 3 Milan — 4 Paris (= Mt. S. 2, 44, 12, with AN IUI?) — 5 Vienna Eckhel cat. 50.12. — 1|— 6 Wiczay 2033: Sestini 12,13 — 7 Cohen 5,68,419 by Rollin 79* (Vs. not described) | P M S COL VIM et al. A. AN III Type A (•^°'' 1 Patin thes. Mauroc. 106 — 2 Mus. Arigoni 1 alia colon. XI, 175 (Rs.) — 3 (=2?) Mus. Arigoni 4 colon. X (Rs.) — 4. 5 Cat. d'Ennery 3096 Since the form of the emperor's name is not specified, the attribution of these coins remains doubtful; they belong to either 79 or 81.

VIMINACIVM 35 83 K29 84 K23 85 K30 PMS qOL VIM etc. A. TO I Type A — 17-99(25) — 16.93(7) — 16.35(26) [Gordianus III,] IMP GORDIÄNVS PIVS FEL AVG Br. m. L. P. M. r. Weight: 20.50(1) — 20.30(11) 15.87(8) i Athens Cat. 786 — 2.3.4.5 Berlin Cat. 39.23-26 — 6 Budapest — 7.8 Gotha — 9. 10 Haag — II Imhoof — 12 Copenhagen Ramus i, 97, 6 — 13 Linz — 14. 15 Lon- Don Cat. 16.12. 13 — x6 Milan Mus. Sanclem. 4,381 — 17. 18. 19. 20 Munich — 21. 22. 23 Naples Cat. 6244-6246 — 24 Paris Mionnet pp. 2, 43, 6 (and pp. 2, 44, 11?) — 25 Turin Mus. Cat. 1953 == Lavy 958 — 26 Turin Mus. Cat. 1954 — 27 Vienna Eckhel cat. 50.13 — 28 Vienna Mus. Theup. 738 [Panel 25, also from the Montreal Collection] — 29. 30 Vienna. — " — 31 Mus. Arigoni i alia col. XI, 176 (Rs.) — 32 Muselli imp. CXCVII, 3 — 33 Wiczay 2035; Sestini 13.15 — 34 Chaix descr. 7 — and (without size information) 35 Florence Noris duplex dissert. (1676) 67 [Mediobarbus 342] the same, but with a crown | likewise Weight: 8.93(1) — 7.65(25) — 6.96(5) — 6.85(11) — 6.40(24) — 5.82(6) Deviations: Rs. Separation CO|L i. 15 I. 2. 3. 4 Berlin Cat. 39:27-30; one of them at Gessner imp. CLXXVI, 39 (case) from the Pfau Collection — 5.6 Gotha — 7 Haag — 8.9. 10 Hunter - 11 Imhoof - 12 London Cat. 16.15 — 13- H- 15 Milan Mus. Sanclem. 4,381 — 16 Moscow Univ. Cat. 107 — 17. 18. 19. 20 Munich — 21 Naples Cat. 6247 — 22 Naples Santang. Cat. 99 11 — 23 Paris Mionnet pp. 2, 43, 7 (= pp. 2, 44, 12? cf. 82.4) - 24 Turin Mus. Cat. 1955 =t Lavy 959 — 25 Turin Mus. Cat. 1956 — 26 Vienna Eckhel cat. 50, 14 — 27 Vienna Mus. Theup. 738 [Panel 25, also from the Montreal Collection]. ■ — |; — 28 Muselli imp. CXCVII, 4 — 29 Wiczay 2036; Sestini 13,16 — 30 Sabatier iconogr. LXVII, 29 ■ — 31 Chaix descr. 8 IMP GORDIÄNVS PIVS FEL AVG }h: m. L. P. M. r. P M S I C|OL I VIM etc. A. AN IUI Female figure as before between bull and lion 1. standing, in the R. a field mark with the number VII, in the L. a second Field symbol with the number INI (For an illustration of the same type from a later coin, see Plate I, 10) Deviations: Rs. Separation of the writing sometimes uncertain, the numbers on the Field symbols cannot always be recognized I Berlin Cat. 39.31 — 2 Budapest — 3 Bucharest — 4 London Cat. 16.14 — 5 Milan — 6. 7 Naples Cat. 6248. 6249 — 8 Paris Mionnet pp. 2, 44, 13 — 9 Parma — 10 Rome Vati- can — II St. Petersburg — 12 Vienna Eckhel cat. 50.15 — 13 Vienna — 14 Zurich. — 1| — 15 godmother imp. 369 (illustration of the back, inaccurate) — 16 Vaillant num. col. 2,220 =152 — 17 Wiczay 2037: Sestini 13.19 - 18 Cat. Welzl 1526 (incorrect with AN III) For an explanation of this and the following different types of the year IUI, see the previous comments, above p. 27 and 28. 83-= IMP CAES M ANT GoRDIANVS AVG 1 = 83 '"^ (28) Br. m. L. P. M. r. I I Mionnet pp. 2, 43, 6 [Cohen 5, 69, 422]. — There is no such coin in Paris; Since the Vs. for AN IUI does not fit, Mionnet has probably made a mistake and is AN III to read; then maybe = above 79,12 or 13. 84* same (like 83*), but with crown | = 84 •^ (^3^ I Mionnet pp. 2, 43, 7. — Not available in Paris; perhaps AN III can also be read here; then the coin would be = 80.5 above. i,

36 MOESIA SVPERIOR 86 K24 87 K22 Plate I, 7 88 K23 Plate I, 6 89 K29 [Gordianus III] IMP GORDIANVS PIVS FEL AVG PMS C|OL VIM etc. A. AN IUI Br. with crown P. M. r. Female figure with two field sign between Taurus and Leo i 1. standing, as before Weight: 6.53 (13) 1.2,3.4 Berlin Cat. 39:32-35; one of them at Gessner imp. CLXXVI, 40 from the collection lung Peacock — 5. 6 Budapest — 7 Budapest Univ. — 8-12 Bucharest — 13 Gotha — 14 Copenhagen — 15 Milan — 16. 17 Munich — 18. 19 Naples Cat. 6250. 6251 — 20 Paris Mionnet pp. 2, 44, 14 — 21. 22 St. Florian — 23 St. Petersburg — 24 Vienna Eckhel cat. 50.16 — 25 Vienna Mus. Theup. 738 — 26 Vienna. — 1| — 27 Cat. d'Ennery 3097 — 28 Wiczay 2038; Sestini 13.20 also PMS C|OL VIM etc. A. AN IUI Female figure with wall crown between bull and lion 1. standing, in the hands the two the field symbols with VII and IUI, on each of which there is a bust, 1. that of Gordianus m. L. P. M. r., r. that of Tranquillina 1. Illustration of Rs. (i) I Vienna Debiel util. 74.32, II, 32 [Gessner imp. CLXXIV, 47] == Froelich 4 tentam. 123.39 Fig.; Eckhel cat. 50.17. — 1| — 2 Panel 25 from the de Vitry collection — 3 (allegedly with AN I) Panel 13 from the collection of Duke Henry of Bourbon (= above 73*) also PMS C|OL j VIM etc. A. TO UM Female figure with wall crown 1. standing, in hands the two field symbols, their Numbers cannot be seen here; on the field mark in the R. the lion stands r., on which in the L. the bull 1. Illustration of Rs. (2) I Bucharest — 2 Paris Blanchet revue num. 1892, 59, I, 2. — — 3 Eckhel num. vct. 50, IV, 12 from the Festetics collection (supposedly with P M C III VIM) the same, but with a laurel wreath PMS CjOL VIM etc. A. AN IUI Female figure 1. standing, in the R. a rabbit on the back holding the lower feet, the L. on one Field symbol (without number) supports I Budapest — 2 St. Petersburg — 3 Vienna, formerly Neumann num. vet. 1.95, III, 4 [Mionnet pp. 2, 44, 10 inaccurate, with rays; also Cohen 5, 69, 424]; Wiczay 2040, VI, 135; Sestini 13.17

VIMINACIVM 37 91 K23 Plate I, 9 92 K29 93 K23 [Gordianus TII.] IMP GORDIANVS PIVS FEL AVG as well Br. with crown P. M. r. Illustration of the back (l) I Arolsen — 2 Bucharest — 3 Dresden — 4 Löbbecke — 5 St. Petersburg — 6 Scholz — 7 Vienna Debiel util. 75, 33, II, 33 [Gessner imp, CLXXIV, 47**] = Froelich 4 tentam. 125.40; Eckhel cat. 50.18. — 1| — 8 Neumann number. vet. 1.95, III, 5; Wiczay 2041, VI, 134; Sestini 13.18 90 K23 Plate I, also PMS C|OL VIM etc. A. TO INI Der Emperor in battle dress 1st standing, with the R. a bowl over the poured out on the altar standing in front of him send, the L. leaning on the spear; 1st and r. are two field symbols planted, whose numbers are not too are recognizable; on his back stands the front part of the bull r. , on the right the front part of the lion 1. Illustration of Rs. (2) Weight: 6, i8 (i) I Gotha — 2 Vienna, formerly Neumann num. vet. 1.94, III, 3 [Mionnet pp. 2, 43, 8 inaccurate; also Cohen 5, 69, 423]; Eckhel number. vet. 49, IV, 11 inaccurate; Wiczay 2039, VI, 133 [Mionnet p. 2, 43, 9 Rs. inaccurate; also Cohen 5, 69, 424J; Sestini mus. Hederv. 13.21 IMP GORDIANVS PIVS FEL AVG 1 P M S C|OL VIM etc. A. TO V Br. m. L. P. M. r. j Type A Weight: 22.64(3) — 19.54(7) — 16.73(8) — iS.34(2) I Athens Cat. 787 — 2. 3. 4 Berlin Cat. 39.36-38 — 5 Budapest — 6 Budapest Univ. — 7. 8 Gotha — 9 Haag — 10 Imhoof — 11 Copenhagen — 12 Linz — 13 London Cat. 16.16 — 14 Milan Mus. Sanclem. 4,382 — 15 Munich — 16 Paris Mionnet p. 2, 45, 16 — 17 St. Petersburg — 18 Vienna Eckhel cat. 51, 19 — 19 Vienna Mus. Theup. 738. — j| — 20 godmother thes. Mauroc. 106 (Rs.) — 21 Mediobarbus 342 (also a piece with AN. .) — 22 Vail- lant number col. 2.221 = 153 (illustration of the back) - 23 panel 27 - 24 mus. Arigoni 4 colon. XI (Rs.) — 25 Muselli imp. CXCVII, 5 - 26 Wiczay 2043; Sestini 14.23 the same, but with a crown | likewise I Hunter — 2 Munich. — 1| — 3 Wiczay 2044 (Vs, false); Sestini 14.24 Tranquillina coins do not appear to have been minted in Viminacium to be; see below 93* and 93**. 93* K30 93** K24 SAB TRANQVILLINA AVG Br. r. 1 P M S COL VIM u. i, A. AN IIH Ty- I push A I Munich The writing and image of the opposite have been retouched: you can still see that it was a Gordianus. (Vs. not described) COL VIM AN VI without specifying the type I Goltz thes. huberrimus (1579) 151 ; arbitrary invention

38 MOESIA SVPERIOR 95 K21 Philippus senior 94 IMP PHILIPPVS AVG Br. with crown [PMS q[OL VIM and i. A. TO III K20 P.M.r. or AN IUI type A I Vienna, formerly Wiczay 2034 [Mionnet p. 2,45, 17; Cohen 5, 119, 258]; Sestini 13.14 (both with AN III), — II — 2 Noris duplex dissert. 67 (Rs.) [Mediobarbus 347 with Vs. = ij out the collection in Florence I think there is a fourth, slightly shorter section on the Vienna copy. Line to see; but it doesn't matter, since III, like IUI, would only be a stamping error; cf. the Comment on the following coin. IMPM IVL PHILIPPVS AVG as well as 1 PMS COL VIM etc. A. AN IUI I too Deviations: Vs. at the end supposedly PIVS AVG 5 (Sestini; Wiczay without PIVS) — ....IPPVS FEL AVG 6 1 Berlin Cat. 39.39 - 2 Copenhagen. — |j — 3 Noris duplex dissert. 67 (Rs.) [Mediobar- bus 347 with Vs. = 94.1] from the collection in Florence - 4 Muselli imp. CCIIII, 6 — 5 Neumann number. vet. 2.122; Wiczay 2042 without IMP [Mionnet p. 2, 45, 18; Cohen 5, 119, 259]; Sestini 14.22 — 6 Sabatier iconogr. LXX, i — 7 Cat. Welzl 1262, — cf. below 95* The reading AN IUI is safe; but since Gordianus still reigned in the year V, we must these coins (and also those that perhaps only have AN III, n. 94) due to errors adhere to stamps. It happens that AN IIII is also on some coins of the younger Philip (below n. 114), on which he is already called Augustus; Since he has only held this title since the year VIII (cf. 117 and 118), the coins must with AN IIII may be incorrect, and it is hardly a case of a stamp mix-up, otherwise but simply a stomping error instead of AN VIII or Villi. Under no circumstances can these coins the Philippi with AN IIII can be considered for the calculation of the aera. The first reliable coins of Philip bear the correct year number V and the older form of the emperor's name IMP IVL PHILIPPVS PIVS FEL AVG P M, which no longer appears in later years; P M is likely here, as is v. Sallet Cat. Berlin p. 40 highlighted- raises, abbreviation of the title Parthicus Maximus, which Philippus only in the first part of his government. 9(> IMP IVL', PHILIPPVS PIVS FEL AVG I P M S C|OL VIM et al. AN V l'^29 p M Br. m. L. P. M. r. ] Type A Deviations: Vs. at the end supposedly AVG PI 9. 10, AVG P 13, AVG 6. 11. 12 I Berlin Cat. 40.46 (Vs. inaccurate AVGV) — 2 London Cat. 16.17 — 3 Milan — 4 Vienna mus. Theup. 745 (inaccurate AVG PP) — 5 Vienna Eckhel cat. 51.21. — '\ — 6 Havercamp numoph. 247, XXXIV, 21. 22 — 7 Mus. Arigoni 4 colon. XI — 8 Wiczay 2050; Sestini 14.26 — 9. 10 Wiczay 2047. 2049; Sestini 14.27 - 11 Sestini mus. Hederv. 14.26 — 12 Mionnet pp. 2, 45, 20 [Cohen 5, 119, 261], not in Paris — 13 Mionnet pp. 2, 45, 22 [Cohen 5, 120, 263], not in Paris. — Compare also below 100,45-47 and 114** 94* K(28) 95* K(28) IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG K. m. L. (r.) | P M S COL VIM AN II Type A I know number. Bodl. 58 The year must have been misread, perhaps instead of V; in the Bodleiana at Oxford no such coin exists. = 95?, but with laurel wreath | = 95 I Cat. Welzl 1263. — The description is too uncertain to include in the text.

VIMINACIVM 39 97 K23 98 K29 Plate 1, 10 99 K22 100 K28 [Philip senior] the same, but with a crown | likewise Weight: 9.20(4) — 8.32(5) Deviations: vs. at the end AVG P 2.4.15, AVG i, [?PIV]S AVG P 12, un- completely 3 I Athens — 2. 3 Berlin Cat. 40.49. 50 — 4 Berlin Cat. 42.73 (Vs. P forgotten, Rs. AN.., but probably V) - 5 Gotha - 6 Copenhagen - 7 Löbbcke - 8 Milan - 9. 10. 11 Naples Cat. 6255-6257 — 12 Paris Mionnet vS. 2, 45, 21 [Cohen 5, 120, 262] (without PIVS) — 13 Vienna Eckhel cat. 51.22. — |! — 14 Wiczay 2051; Sestini 14.30 - 15 Wiczay 2048; Sestini 14.28 IMP IVL PHILIPPVS PIVS FEL AVG P M Br. m. L. P. M. r. P M S I C|0|L VIM etc. A. TO V Female figure between bull and lion 1. standing, in the R. that Field symbol with the number VII, in the L. that with UM (=: above 85 and 86) Illustration of Rs. (2) Weight: 18.35(i)' Deviations: Rs. the separation of the writing sometimes differs I Athens Cat. 789 inaccurate — 2.3 Berlin Cat. 40,47.48 — 4 Budapest — 5 London Cat. 16.19 — 6 Vienna, formerly Neumann 1.98; Wiczay 2052, VI, 136; Sestini 14.31 the same, but with Krone PMS C|OL VIM etc. A. TO V Victoria with wreath and palm branch between Taurus and Leo 1. standing (see p. 28) I Vienna. — IJ — 2 Neumann num. vet. 1.99, 111.6 [from which inaccurate Mionnet pp. 2, 46, 23; Cohen 5, 120, 264 and as 265 a second copy supposedly with AN VIII]; Wiczay 2053, VI, 138; Sestini 14.32 The usual form of the name IMP began in the same year V M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG, which is then retained; the only option take above n. 94. IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG Br. m. j P M S C|OL VIM etc. A. TO V L.P.M.r. I type A Weight: 20.11(29) — 19.95(8) — 19.37(9) — 19.10(5) — 19.00(31) — 17.37(30) — 16.71(1)— 14.98(32) Deviations: vs. supposedly IMP PHILIPPVS AVG 42, writing undetermined 45-47 — supposedly Philippus iunior 41, cf. 35 — Rs. Separation sometimes uncertain I Athens Cat. 788 — 2-7 Berlin Cat. 40.40-45 — 8.J9 Gotha — 10. 11 Haag — 12 Im- hoof — 13 Copenhagen Ramus 1.97.7 — ^^4 Linz — - 15 London Cat. 16.18 - 16-20 minutes chen — 21. 22. 23 Naples Cat, 6252-6254 — 24. 25 Naples Santang. 9912. 9913 — 26 Paris Mionnet p. 2, 45, 19 — 27 Prague — 28 Sofia — 29-32 Turin Mus. Cat. 1958-1961 — 33 Vienna Panel 28; Eckhel cat. 51.20 — 34 Vienna Mus. Theup. 744 — 35 Vienna Mus. Theup. 749 (under Phil, junior). — 1| — 36 Vaillant num. col. 2.254 =176 Fig. d. Rs. — 37 Muselli imp. CCIIII, 7 - 38. 39 Wiczay 2045. 2046; Sestini 14.25 - 40 Mus. Sandern. 3.101 (not in Milan, or vs. incorrectly described) — 41 Sestini mus. Ilederv. 15.33 — 42 Mionnet pp. 2, 45, 20 [Cohen 5, 119, 260], not in Paris — 43 Sabatier iconogr. LXX, 2 — 44 Chaix descr. 9. — Furthermore, without a description of the verse (thus perhaps belonging to n. 96) 45 godmother imp. 382 Fig. d. Rs. — 46 Mediobarbus 347 — 47 Cat. d'Ennery 31 19

40 MOESIA SVPERIOR 101 K24 102 K28 103 K29 104 K28 105 K28 [Philip senior] IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG Br. with I P M S CpL VIM and i. A. TO V Crown P. M. r. | Type A I London Cat. 17.20. — 1| — 2 Muselli imp. CCIII, 8 the same, but with a laurel wreath | likewise, but AN VI Weight: 19.87(1) — 19.52(8) — 18.77(9) — 18.23(3) — 17.49(2) 1.2 Athens Cat. 790. 791 — 3-7 Berlin Cat. 41.51-55 — 8.9 Gotha — 10 Haag — II Copenhagen Ramus i add. 396.7a — 12 Linz — 13 London Cat. 17.21 — 14 Milan — 15-19 Munich — 20.21.22 Naples Cat, 6258-6260 — 23 Paris Mionnet p. 2, 46, 25 — 24 Sophia — 25 Thorwaldsen Müller Cat. 51.23 — 26 Vienna Eckhel cat. 51.23 — 27 Vienna Mus. Theup. 745 — 28 Vienna — 29 Winterthur, — 1| — 30 Patin thes, Maurocen, 106 (Rs.) — 31 Vaillant niim. col. 2.254 =176 — 32 Panel 31 — 33 Muselli imp. CCIIII, 9 - 34 Wiczay 2054; Sestini 15.34 — 35 Chaix descr. 10 The coins with the standing emperor and supposed AN VIs, below AN XI (n, 108), likewise | likewise, but AN VII Weight: 19.47(28) — 19.45(0 — 19.28(7)— 18.96(27)— 17.57(8) I Athens Cat, 793 — 2-6 Berlin Cat, 41.57-61 — 7.8 Gotha — 9 Copenhagen Ramus I) 97, 8 — 10 Krupka — 11 Leake suppl, 151 — 12 Linz — 13 London Cat. 17.23 — 14 Milan — 15 Mandl — 16. 17 Moscow Univ. Cat. 108. 109 — 18-21 Munich — 22. 23. 24 Naples Cat. 6261-6263 — 25 Paris Mionnet p. 2, 46, 26 — 26 Prague — 27 Turin Mus. Cat. 1962 = Lavy 960 — 28 Turin Mus. Cat. 1963 — 29 Vienna Eckhel cat, 51.25 — 30 Vienna Mus, Theup, 745. — 1| — 31 Occo (1579) 304 = (1601) 440 = Mediobarbus 347 (Rs,) — 32 Tristan 2, 557, 3 Fig, (supposedly IMP C) — 33 Vaillant num. col. 2.254= 176 — 34 Panel 34 — 35.36 Wiczay 2056; Sestini 15.35 — 37 Sabatier icon. LXX, 3 likewise \ likewise, but AN VIII Weight: 18.75(1) — 17.32(7) — 16.00(24) — 14.70(6, silver-plated) 1 Athens Cat. 794 — 2. 3. 4, 5 Berlin Cat, 41.62-65 — 6 Berlin Cat, 41.66 (with false Size information) - 7 Gotha - 8, 9. 10 Haag - 11 Copenhagen Ramus l, 98, 10 - 12 Leake suppl, 151 — 13 Linz — 14 London Cat, 17.24 — 15 Milan Mus, Sanclem, 4,383 — 16. 17. 18 Munich — 19. 20 Naples Cat. 6264. 6265 — 21 Paris Mionnet pp. 2,46, 27 — 22 Paris — 23 Sofia — 24 Turin Mus. Cat, 1964 — 25 Vienna Eckhel cat, 51.27 — 26 Vienna Mus, Theup. 745, — 1| — 27 Vaillant num. col. 2.254 = 176 — 28 Panel 37 — 29 Muselli imp. CCIIII, IG — 30 Wiczay 2057; Sestini 15.36 — 31 Haller Cat. Berne 272.62 — 32 Sabatier iconogr. LXX, 4 likewise | same, but TO Villi Weight: I4.73(7) — 14.59(^5) 1-6 Berlin Cat. 42.67-72 — 7 Gotha — 8 Ramus i add, 396.10a — 9 London Cat. 27, 25 — 10 Milan — 11, 12 Munich — 13 Naples Cat. 6266 — 14 Paris Mionnet S, 2, 46, 28 — 15 Turin Mus. Cat. 1965 — 16 Vienna Eckhel cat. 51.30 — 17 Vienna Mus. Theup. 745 [Panel 40]. — — 18 Vaillant num. col. 2.254= 176 — 19 Wiczay 2060: Sestini 15.39 Coins with AN see below 105*. 105* K- IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG bust portrait with 1 P M S C:OL VIM and i. A, AN Crown (r.) | I Vaillant num, col. 2.254 = 176 [Mus. Sanclem. 4,384] — 2 Panel 45 from the collection of the Marquis de Bon in Montpellier Although coins of Philip with AN These two descriptions cannot be regarded as reliable evidence.

VIMINACIVM 41 [106] K(28) 107 K28 108 K29 Plate 1, 1 1 [109] K(27) [Philip senior] likewise [likewise, but AN XI I Neumann number. vet. 2.122; Wiczay 2062, VI, 140; Sestini 16.41 — 2 Mionnet pp. 2, 46, 29 [Cohen 5, 120, 272] from the Tochon collection — 3 Cat. Welzl 1270 Neumann blames AN XI for a stamp error instead of AN VI, which Sanclementc 4, 383 also believes of an oversight instead of AN IX, because there were already coins with AN X from Dccius. We but you will see that the coins of Decius only begin with AN XI; and there it There are safe coins of Philip with a new type from the year XI (n. 108), so it is likely that the usual type for him this year was also has been coined; cf. also the Copenhagen coin with the certain year XI (below 122), which could possibly also belong to the older Philippus. likewise | same, but ON... I Moscow University iio - 2 Paris - numerous other coins with uncertain dates in many collections IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG Br. m L.P.M.r. PMS CIOL VIM etc. A. AN XI The Emperor in battle dress between Bull and lion 1. standing, on the stretched out R. a ball, from the one little Victoria on him floats towards, the L. on the spear supported Illustration of Rs. (12) Deviations: Neumann (i) and Sestini (i. 10) consider Vs. to be the younger Philip, wrongly; — Rs. incorrectly read AN VI i. 5.13 I Berlin Cat. 41.56; probably the same piece earlier Neumann 1,100 [Mionnet p. 2, 46, 24; Cohen 5, 120, 266]; Wiczay 2055, VI, 138; Sestini 16.43 (correct with AN XI, the others AN VI) — 2 Budapest — 3 Gotha — 4 Löbbecke — 5 London Cat. 17.22 - 6 St. Florian — 7.8 St. Petersburg — 9 Vienna Debiel util, 77.35, II, 35 [Gessner imp. CLXXX, 43*] = Happy 4 tentam. 129.43 illustrations; Eckhel cat. 51.31 — 10 Vienna, formerly Wiczay 2063, VI, 139; Sestini 16.42 ■ — Ii Vienna — 12 in trade. — |i — 13 Panel 31 from the collection Saintbonnet in Marseille — 14 Cat. Welzl 1271 The year number XI is certainly at 1-3. 6-8. 10-12. 14, probably at 4 and 5; after that One can assume that XI should be read in all cases. Because the pieces don't are all from the same stamp, then the number cannot be explained as a stamp error, especially since the coins are of good workmanship. The suggestions to read VI or IX are un- necessary; The latter number would also have to be written Villi. — That chronologically opposite There is nothing objectionable about the occurrence of the year XI under Philip, but rather the Calculation of the Aera must be based on these coins is explained in the introduction. shown (above p. 25). Otacilia [MARCIA OT]ACIL[IA] SEVERA AVG P M S COL VIM etc. A. TO V Br. (with robe right) | Type A I Panel 29 from the de Rives collection in Lyon (Vs. ...ACIL SEVP^RA AVG) Since it is not unlikely that coins of the Otacilia were struck in the year V are, this piece, which was only witnessed by Panel, is included here; the same applies to the coins with AN VII and AN Villi (n. iii and 113).

42 MOESIA SVPERIOR 110 K29 [111] K (28) 112 K28 [113] K(28) 114 K22 113* K- 113** K— 114- K (28) 114* = K(27) [Otacilia] MARCIA OTACILIA SEVERA AVG P M S C|OL VIM etc. A. TO VI Br. with diadem and robe r. ; likewise Weight: 18.34(1) 1 Athens Cat. 792. ~-|)— 2. 3 Panel 31 — 4 Muselli imp. add. X, 4 = suppl. XXXV, 2 MARCIA OTACIL as well? I P M S COL VIM etc. A. TO VII I too I Panel 34 from the collection of the Archbishop of Lyon, de Villeroi. Compare to n. 109. MARCIA OTACILIA SEVERA AVG PMS CjOL VIM and i, A. AN VIII Br. with diadem and robe r. j as well Deviations: Vs. supposedly MARC 4. 5 (Wiczay), M 5 (Sestini). 6 — OTACIL 4 — without AVG 3 I Budapest — 2 Vienna Eckhel cat. 51.28. — |l — 3 Mus. Arigoni i alias colon. XII, 180. i8l — 4 Panel 38—5 Wiczay 2058 [Mionnet pp. 2, 46, 30; Cohen 5, 152, 82]; .Sestini 15.37 — 6 Cat. Welzl 1272 — 7 Sabatier iconogr. LXX, 19 MARC[IA] OTACIL[IA] SEVERA AVG ! P M S COL VIM et al. A. TO Villi likewise? { likewise I Panel 41 from the Alleti collection in Ragusa (Vs. MARC OTACIL — ). — Compare to n. 109. Philippus Junior PMS COL VIM etc. A. AN Type A IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG Br. des Philippus iunior with rays crown, armor and mantle r. Weight: 3.20 (2) I Arolsen (vs. incomplete) — 2 Vienna The number IUI is a stamp error instead of VIII or Villi (see introduction p. 26 and the description note on 95); the coin belongs to the period after 118 or 120. — Because of the low weight one would like to at least consider the Viennese example as an ace, while 118 and 120 are certainly Dupondii; a similar weight difference in Dacian Coins of Philippus iunior above n. 28. MAR OTACIL SEVERA AVG Br. (r.) | = "3, but ON X I Goltz thes. huberrimus 151 only briefly Otacilia AN X — 2 Vaillant num. col. 2.266 = 184 Fig. d. Rs. [Gessner imp. CLXXXII, 40; panel 47; Mus. Sanclem. 4,384; Mionnet p. 2.47, 31; Cohen 5,152, 83] probably not from Goltz, but invented independently Otacilia (vs. not described) | — AN XI (without description) I Eckhel d. n. 2,9 [Mionnet pp. 2, 47, 32; Cohen 5,152,84] supposedly in the Vienna Cabinet; But that must be a mistake on Eckhel's part, since there is no such coin there. IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG Br. m, L. 1 P M S COL VIM and i. A. AN V Type A P.M.r. I I Mus. Theup. 749 — 2 Sestini Mus. Hederv. 15.33. — The first of these two coins, now in Vienna, certainly has the image of Philippus senior, and the same probably applies to the second; they are therefore listed above among the coins of the elder Philip (n. 100, 35, 41). IMP M PHILIPPVS PI VS FEL AVG as well | likewise I Cat. Welzl 1273. — Since the coin is called niartelie, one can probably use the term consider the writing of the verse to be incorrect; It is probably also Philippus senior and listen 96.

VIMINACIVM 43 115 K29 116 K28 117 K29 118 K22 119 K28 120 K22 121 K18 115=* K- 118* K(28) 121* [Philippus Junior] M IVL PHILIPPVS CAES Armor and coat r. I Munich — 2 Vienna. — 1|- — likewise Br. with P M S CpL VIM etc. A. TO VI Type A 3 Vaillant num. col. 2.273 = 189 [Panel 32] I as well, but AN VII I Copenhagen — 2.3 Munich — 4 Paris Mionnet S. 2, 47, 33 — 5 Vienna Eckhcl cat. 51, 26. — II — 6 Vaillant num. col. 2.273 = 189 [Panel 32] likewise | likewise, but AN VIII Weight: 20.03(3) — 17.21(2) — 16.80(1) 1.2 Berlin Cat. 42.74. 75 - 3 Gotha IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG Br. with PMS C;OL VIM and i. A. TO VIII Crown P. M. r. Type A Weight: 6.42(2) — 5.15(0 Deviations: vs. IMP M M IVL 6 (cf. 120.4), incomplete i I Berlin Cat. 42.76 — 2 Gotha — 3 Löbbecke — 4 Munich — 5 Paris Mionnct p. 2.47, 34 — 6 Vienna Eckhel cat. 51.29. — 1| — 7 Vaillant num. col. 2,273 =189 — 8 Muselli suppl. XXXV, 3 - 9 Wiczay 2059; Sestini 15.38. — See also above n. 114 IMP PHILIPPVS AVG Br. m. L. P. | P M S CjOL VIM et al. A. TO VMM Mr. r. j as well Weight: 16.75(1) — 13.40(4) I Berlin Cat. 42.77 — 2 London Cat. 17.26 — 3 Munich — 4 Turin Mus. Cat. 1966 — 5 Vienna. — [| — 6 Muselli imp. CCV, i — 7 Wiczay 2061; vSestini 16.40 IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG Br. m. as well Crown P. M. r. Weight: 7.47(2) — 7.22(1) — 6.42(4) — 4.85(3) Deviations: IMP M M IVL 4 (cf. 118.6). — (2 was built near Bingen in the Rhine found) I. 2 Berlin Cat. 42.78. 79 — 3. 4 Gotha — 5 Copenhagen — 6 Leipzig — 7 Löi)becke — 8 London Cat. 17.24 — 9 Munich — 10 Paris Mionnet p. 2, 47, 35 — 11 Sophia — 12. 13 Vienna Eckhel cat. 51.32. 33, — |j— 14 Vaillant num. col. 2.273 =189 — 15 Panel 41 the same, but with a laurel wreath | likewise I Milan Mus. Sanclem. 3.105 [Mionnet pp. 2, 47, 36; Cohen 5, 172, 100] = 4.384 The coin is not well preserved, so it is not possible to tell for sure whether it is the older one or the younger Philip is; Sanclemente gave it to the younger one. M IVL PHILIPPVS CAES Br. m. P. u, M. r. | = 115, but AN V I Vaillant number. col. 2.273 = 189 Fig. d. Rs. [Gessner imp. CLXXXIII, 27*; panel 29; Mus. Sanclem. 4, 382] Although it is not unlikely that in the year V also with the image of Philip Since Caesar was minted, this coin must be considered unsafe. IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG Br. m. L. P. 1 = 118 Mr. r. I I Panel 38, from the Alleti collection in Ragusa Since in the year Villi the Sestertii have a different name form than the Dupondii (cf. 119 and 120), the same thing is expected in the year VIII, and it therefore appeared in this case Panels testimony not secure enough; But the existence of such coins is possible. (Vs. not described) | = 121, but AN X 1 Vaillant number. col. 2,273 == '89 [Panel 48; Mus. Sanclem. 4,384]

44 MOESIA SVPERIOR 123 K28 123 K28 Plate 1, 12 122* K- 122* K- [Philippus Junior] [IMP M IVL P]HILIPPVS AVG Br. m. L. P. M. r. I Copenhagen Ramus i, 98, 11 Here, too, it is not entirely certain whether it is not the older Philip; the year XI is safe. — See the comments on n. 106 and n. 108. P M [S CIO]L VIM etc. A. AN XI Type A Decius IMP CAES C MES Q DECIVS P F AVG Br. m. L. P. M. r. PMS C|OL VIM etc. A. AN XI Female figure in long dress wall between Taurus and Leo 1. standing, on the raised R, one Branch, in the 1st arm a scepter, of which a little Victoria with a wreath and a palm branch on her floats towards (Moesia-Pax; see p. 28) Illustration of Rs. (2) Deviations: vs. not described 11, at the end supposedly DECIVS TRAIAN 13 — Rs. supposedly eagle instead of Victoria 12, without scepter 13 at all I Arolsen — 2.3 Berlin Cat. 43.87. 88 — 4 Budapest — 5 Löbbecke — 6 Milan — 7. 8 Munich — 9 Vienna, formerly Neumann num. vet. I, loi, III, 7 [Tanini 5; Mionnet p. 2, 48.40; Cohen 5, 199, 141]; Wiczay 2065, VI, 141; Sestini 16.47 — 10 Windischgrätz. — 1| — II Mus. Arigoni i alias colon. XII, 190 Rs. [Tanini 5] — 12 Sestini mus. Hedervar. 16.46; see below 123* - probably also 13 Sabatier iconogr. LXXI, 30 The corresponding halves (n. 126), on which only the little Victoria is missing, already have the usual name form IMP TRAIANVS DECIVS AVG. That this shorter form is only due to the more limited space of the du- pondii was chosen is therefore unlikely because it is also based on Sestertii In the year XI both forms of the name appear. Now here's the longer one Shape that is never found on Roman coins and particularly through the absence of the nickname Traianus is striking (see above p. 28 A. 3), only occurs in the year XI, the other also occurs later, so that one is called that look at older ones. For this reason the coins on which the The name Traianus is missing, preceded here. IMP CAES C MES Q DECIVS TR P F AVG j P M S COL VIM et al. A. AN Br. m. L. (P. M. r.) I I Hardouin op. 843 from the Chamillart collection; Panel 49 in Museo Domus Professae Society of Jesus. — Panel apparently took the description from Hardouin, since he interpolated letters TR in the emperor's name are also reproduced. IMP TRAIANVS DECIVS AVG as well | likewise I Vaillant number. col. 2.288= 199 [Banduri 1.20; panel 49; Mus. Sanclem. 4.385] Since there are safe coins from Philippi with AN XI (n. 106, 108, 122), these can insufficiently authenticated coins of Decius, as well as Etruscilla and the two Caesars (below 136**. 141*. 147*), cannot be included. The one from Eckhel cat. 51.34. 35 [Mionnet pp. 2, 47, 37, 38; Cohen 5, 199, 137, 138] have pieces described with AN (as Neumann num. vet. 2,125 also noted after his own examination) AN XI or XII (see below 129.3 and 132.9).

VIMINACIVM 45 124 K28 125 K28 126 K21 127 K28 PMS CjOL VIM etc. A. AN XI Type A [Decius] IMP CAES C MES Q DECIVS P F AVG Br. m. L. P. M. r. Weight: 16.06(6) — 14.38(4) Deviations: vs. supposedly G M instead of C MES 15. 16 — Rs. number uncertain lo I Athens Cat. 795 — 2.3 Berlin Cat. 43.85. 86 — 4 Gotha — 5 Copenhagen — 6 Krupka — 7 London Cat. 17.28 ■ — 8 Munich — 9 Paris Mionnet p. 2, 48, 39; Cohen 5, 199, 140 and exactly — 10 (= 14?) St. Petersburg Sestini mus. Benkowitz 5 — 11 Vienna Eckhel cat. 52, 37 — 12 Vienna Mus. Theup. 755. — — 13 (=9?) Banduri 1.14 — 14 Banduri 1.14 out the Foucault collection — 15. 16 Banduri 1.14 — 17 Mus. Arigoni 4 colon. XII, 116 (an- probably AN XII) — 18 Tanini 6 — 19 Wiczay 2064; Sestini 16.45 — 20 Chaix descr. 11 IMP TRAIANVS DECIVS AVG as well | likewise Weight: 15.62(6) — 14.54(22) Deviations: vs. incomplete 14, supposedly IMP C 27 1-5 Berlin Cat. 42.80-84 — 6 Gotha — 7-11 Hague — 13 Copenhagen — 13 London Cat. 17.29 — 14 Milan Mus. Sanclem. 3.107 [Mionnet pp. 2, 48, 41; Cohen 5, 200, 142] — 15 Milan — 16. 17. 18 Munich — 19. 20 Naples Cat. 6267. 6268 — 21 Paris Mionnet pp. 2, 48, 39 [Cohen 5, 199, 139] — 22 Turin Mus. Cat. 1967 — 23 Vienna Eckhel cat. 52.36 — 24 Vienna Mus. Theup. 753. — | — 25 Vaillant num. col. 2.288 = 199 — 26 Banduri 1.20 — 27 Panel 56 — 28 Wiczay 2066; Sestini 16.45 - finally 29 Noris dissert. 63 [Mediobar- bus 354; Banduri 1.28] without specifying the type Safe Dupondii of year XI with the usual type have not yet been found. meadows; but the Vienna coin described under AN XII (below 129.3) could also AN XI have. IMP TRAIANVS DECIVS AVG Br. m. 1 = 123, Moesia-Pax, but without the Crown P. M. r. ' little Victoria on the scepter Weight: 4.41 (i) I Berlin Cat. 43.89 — 2 Vienna Eckhel cat. 52.38 — 3 (with uncertain year) Vienna. — 1| — 4 Mus. Arigoni 2 colon. XIII, 135 Rs. [Tanini 10, with randomly added writing of the Vs.] inaccurate with P M S C COL VIM — 5 Wiczay 2067, VI, 142; Sestini 17.48. — Compare 123* IMP TRAIANVS DECIVS AVG Br. m. j P M S C|OL VIM etc. A. AN XII L. P. M. r: | Type A Weight: 12.32(3) — ii.33(7) Deviations: vs. IMP C ii — TRAIAVS 4 — at the end AVG 4.8.9. lo. 13 — uncertain 5. II — without a coat 3. 12 and perhaps more often 1.2 Berlin Cat. 43.91.92 — 3 Gotha — 4 London Cat. 18.30 — 5 Milan — 6 Naples Santang. Cat. 9914 — 7 Turin Mus. 1968 = Lavy 962 — 8 Vienna Eckhel cat. 52.41 — 9 Vienna Mus. Theup. 753 [Panel 62]. — j — 10 Vaillant num. col. 2.288= 199 – 11 ban- duri 1,14 — 12 Wiczay 2071; Sestini 17.52 - 13 Wiczay 2072; Sestini 17.53 123* K- IMP TRAIANVS DECIVS AVG (f) Br. with 1 =123, but an eagle on the scepter? and Crown (or laurel?) P. M. r. 1 the woman with a wall crown? I Wiczay 2068; Sestini 17.49. — It must have been a bad piece; the suffering Descriptions vary greatly. Caronni saw a filling in the woman's first arm horn with Victoria, Sestini a scepter with eagle; the head of the Vs. has laurel according to C. wreath, after S. radiant crown. If the latter is correct, then we are dealing with a du- pondius = 126 to do; but if it is a Sestertius, Ai I, as both state, then it must Choose the writing of the Vs. to be different and the coin to belong to 123.

46 128 K27 MOESIA SVPERIOR 129 K22 130 K26 PMS qOL VIM etc. A. AN XII Type A Table 1:13 131 K26 132 K27 [Decius] IMP C M Q TRAIANVS DECIVS AVG likewise Weight: 12.36(1) I Gotha — 2 Copenhagen Ramus i, 98, 12 — 3 Löbbecke — 4 Munich — 5 Paris Ban- duri 1.20 (Vs. inaccurate = 127) — 6 Rome Vatican — 7 Vienna Eckhel cat. 52.46. —ji— 8 muscles imp. CCXI, 5-9 Wiczay 2073; Sestini 17.54 - and maybe here 10 Saturdays batier iconogr. LXXII, 31 (Vs. supposedly IMP CAES C MES Q DECIVS TRAIAN, if it is not bad reading of a coin with AN XI = 124) IMP TRAIANVS DECIVS AV Br. with | likewise Crown P. M. r. | Deviations: vs. at the end AVG 3; — Rs. perhaps only AN XI 3 I Belgrade — 2 London Cat. 18.31 — 3 Vienna Eckhel cat. 51.35 [Mionnet pp. 2, 48, 38; Cohen 5, 199, 138] with AN X; But there is definitely something else behind X IMP TRAIANVS DECIVS AVG Br. m. PMS C |OL VIM and i. A. TO X[ll] L.P.M.r. Female figure (Moesia) between bull and lion 1. standing, in the raised R. branch, in the 1st Poor a cornucopia, from which mine little Victoria with wreath and Palm branch floats towards her Illustration of the R s. I Vienna, formerly Wiczay 2075, VI, 144; Sestini 18.58; both with AN XII. — The year is not certain, but because of the similarity to 131, XII is probably what it is for the room fits. About this and the following different types of year XII see the introduction on p. 29. IMP CM Q TRAIANVS DE[CIVS AVG] as well I Löbbecke. PMS CjOL VIM etc. A. AN XII likewise, but the cornucopia without little Victoria The ending of the emperor's name is added after n. 128. IMP TRAIANVS DECIVS AVG eb cnso PMS COL VIM etc. A. AN XII Moesia as before, but in the raised R. branch, in the L. Sphere (see plate I, 14) Deviations: Vs. at the end AV 7 - Rs. Separation of the writing different - The year is uncertain, but at least higher than X 9 - the ball is not entirely certain I Berlin Cat. 43.90 — 2 Budapest — 3 Bucharest — 4. 5 Milan — 6 Paris Mionnet pp. 2, 49, 43 [Cohen 5, 200, 143] — 7 Venice Mus. — 8 Vienna Cimel. Vindob. i, 106, XVII, 2; Eckhel cat. 52.40 inaccurate [Tanini 5] — 9 Vienna Eckhel cat. 51.34 [Tanini 5; Mionnet pp. 2,47, 37; Cohen 5, 199, 137] with AN X and without specifying the branch — 10 Vienna Mus. Theup. 753 [Panel 62; Tanini 5]. — |; — 11 Wiczay 2076; Sestini 18.57 — 12 cat. Welzl 1281 128* IMP CAES C MES Q DECIVS P F AVG 1 = 128 K (28) Br. m. L. P. M. r. 1 I Mus. Arigoni 4 colon. XII, 117. — Since this form of the emperor's name is on safe terms zen only occurs with AN Coin therefore listed above 124.17.

VIMINACIVM 47 133 K26 134 K28 135 K27 136 K28 137 K28 136* K 136** K— [Decius] IMP C M Q TRAIANVS DECIVS AV likewise P M S I COL VIM etc. A. AN XII Moesia as before, but in the raised R. branch, the L, free above the lion Deviations: Vs. without C MQ 4 — at the end AVG 4. 5 — not described 6 I Berlin Cat. 43.93 (Vs. incomplete) — 2 in trade. — |j — 3 Sestini mus. Hedervar. 17.56 — 4.5 Cat. Welzl 1282. 1283 — and perhaps 6 Mediobarbus 354 (Rs. d. labarum) IMP TRAIANVS DECIVS AV as well Weight: 11.77(1) I Athens Cat. 796. — ; — 2 Mionnet p. 2, PMS CjOL VIM etc. A. AN XII Moesia as before, but in the raised R. ball, the L. free above the lion 42 [Cohen 5, 200, 144] supposedly with bowl, at the end of the Vs. AVG: not present in the Paris Cabinet same, but the tank without coat PMS C|OL VIM etc. A. AN XII Moesia as before, but in the pre-stretched R. cornucopia, the L. above the lion I Budapest — 2 St. Florian — 3 Vienna, formerly Neumann num. vet. i, 102, III, 8 [Tanini 6; Mionnet pp. 2, 49, 44; Cohen 5, 200, 145]; Wiczay 2074, VI, 143; Sestini 17.55 Etruscilla PMS C|OL VIM Type A A. AN XI HER ETRVSCILLA AVG Br. with Ge- wall r., sometimes on the lunar sickle Deviations: Vs. with crescent moon 3.7. 10 ^ Rs. AN X.I 3 I Berlin Cat. 44.94 — 2 Lübbecke — 3 Milan — 4 Paris Mionnet p. 2,49.45 — 5.6 Paris — 7 Vienna Eckhel cat. 52.39 — 8 Vienna. — 1| — 9 Vaillant num. col. 2.294 = 204 [Banduri 1.34; Panel 56] — 10 Wiczay 2069; Sestini 17.50 — 11 Wiczay 2070; Sestini 17.51 — 12 (with an uncertain year, so perhaps 137) Godmother imp. 401 Fig. [Mediobarbus 454; Banduri 1.36?] likewise | likewise, but AN XII Weight: 15.86(6) — 11.98(9) — 8.96(2) Deviations: vs. with crescent moon 17. 32 I Arolsen — 2 Athens Cat. 797 — 3-7 Berlin Cat. 44.95-99; one of them at Beger thes. Fire. 2, 733 — 8 Frankfurt — 9 Gotha — 10 Hague — 11 London Cat. 18.32 — 12 Milan Mus. Sanclem. 3,108 — 13 Moscow Univ. Cat. 112 — 14. 15. 16 Munich — 17 Munich — 18 Naples Cat. 6269 f= Banduri 1.34 by Foucaultf) — 19 Naples San- tang. Cat. 9915 — 20 Paris Banduri 1.34; Mionnet p. 2,49,47 — 21 Paris — 22 Thor- waldsen Müller Cat. 371,146 — 23 Vienna Eckhel cat. 52.43 [Tanini 15] — 24 Vienna Mus. Theup. 755 — 25 Vienna. — ': — 26 Vaillant num. col. 2.294 = 204 [Banduri 1.34] — 27 Mus. Arigoni 4 colon. XII, 117 — 28 Muselli imp. CCXII, 2 — 29 l'anel 62 — 30 Tanini 15 — 31 Wiczay 2077; Sestini 18.59 — 32.33 Cat. Welzl 1285. 1286 — 34 Sabatier iconogr. LXXII, 3 — 35 Chaix descr. 12 — See below 140* Etruscilla =^ 136 (without crescent moon) | ^= 136, but AN VllI I Muselli suppl. imp. XXXV, 6; it's gotta be bad drawing instead of AN XII likewise [likewise, but TO X 1 Vaillant number. col. 2.294 = 204 [Panel 50 without attribution; Mus. Sanclem. 4.385]

48 MOESIA SVPERIOR 138 K27 139 K27 140 K27 141 K27 [Etruscilla] HER ETRVSCILLA AVG Br. with Ge- PMS COL VIM and i. A. AN XII wall right, without crescent moon Female figure (Moesia) between bull and lion 1. standing, in the raised R. Zweig (?), in the L. ball (cf. 132) Deviations: vs. conclusion of the scripture uncertain 1.2; — Rs. Separation C|OL 3, SjCOL I. 2 — the branch uncertain 2.3, perhaps nothing in the R. i I Kiev — 2 Copenhagen (=4?) — 3 Vienna Cimel. Vindob. 1.106; Eckhel cat. 52.44 [Ta- nine 15]. — 1| — 4 Wiczay 2079; Sestini 18.60 (now in Copenhagen?) likewise PMS C|OL VIM etc. A. AN XII Moesia as before, but in the raised R. branch, the L. free above the lion (= 133) I Vienna Cimel. Vindob. 1,106, XVIII, 3; Eckhel cat. 52.45 [Tanini 15] likewise PMS C|OL VIM etc. A. AN XII Moesia as before, but in the pre-stretched R. cornucopia, in the L. ball (cf. 135 without ball) I St. Petersburg — 2 Vienna, formerly Neumann num. vet. 1,103, III, 9 [Tanini 15; Mionnet pp. 2, 49, 46; Cohen 5, 213, 39]; Wiczay 2078, VI, 145; Sestini 18.61 Etruscus PMS qOL VIM etc. Type A A. AN XII Q HER ETR MES DECIVS NOB (C) Br. m. P. and M. r. Weight: 12.90(6) Deviations: vs. beginning uncertain, perhaps Q HEREN ETR (= 145) 3 — End C 2 and maybe 6, otherwise always NOB; NVB 9 — Rs. year and certainly 3, supposedly XI 10; cf. 141** I Berlin Cat. 44, 100 (incorrect with ETRVSCVS) — 2 Lübbecke — 3 Milan Mus. Sandern. 3,109, XXXIII, 367 with AN XI [Mionnet pp. 2, 50, 49]; Mus. Sancl. 4.386 with AN XII — 4. 5 Munich — 6 Turin Mus. Cat. 1969 (without C) = Lavy 963 (with C). — 1| — 7 tanini 19 from his collection — 8. 9 Wiczay 2082. 2083; Sestini 18.63. 64 (incorrect H instead of HER) — and probably also 10 Mus. Arigoni i alias colon. XII, 191 [Tanini 19] 140* K— 141* K- 141* K- = 140 (without crescent moon) j = 137, but AN XIII I Banduri 1.34 [Panel 70; Mionnet pp. 2, 50, 48; Cohen 5, 213, 40] from the Florentine Collection. Banduri himself had doubts about reading XIII and, like me, Prof. Milani writes, it might as well be called XII; So the coin probably belongs to 137 Q H ETR MES DEC CAES head (r.) | = 141, but AN X I Panel 52, from the de Vitry collection likewise | =: 141, but AN XI I Vaillant number. col. 2.298 = 207 [Banduri 1.43] — 2.3 Panel 58 »in thesauro Farnesiano et in musaeo 111. Abbatis Fuldensis« Etruscan coins with AN X are impossible; with AN XI some could be to have been coined; but since they are not better attested, they remain doubtful. The on- The coins published with AN XI probably have AN XII (see above 141.3. 10).

VIMINACIVM 49 142 K27 143 K23 144 K27 Table 1:14 [145] K27 146 K26 [Etruscus] Q H ETR MES DEC CAES also | likewise Weight: 13.75 (i) Deviations: vs. at the end CAVS (= below 147) 16. 18. 19 — supposedly DECIVS GAE 20 I Athens Cat. 798 — 2. 3. 4 Berlin Cat. 44,101-103 — 5 Copenhagen Ramus i, 98, 13 — 6 Löbbecke — 7 London Cat. 18.33 — 8 Milan — 9 Paris Banduri 1.43; Panel 62; Mionnet l, 352, 4 - 10 Vienna Cimel. Vindob. l,lo6; Eckhel cat. 52.46 [Tanini 19] — II Vienna Mus. Theup. 756 [Panel 62] — 12 Vienna. — 1| — 13 godmother imp. 349 Fig. [Medio- barbus 356] — 14 (=13?) Vaillant num. 001.2,298 = 207 [Banduri 1.43] — 15 La Motraye voyage 2.203; Fig. Vol. i, XIV, 40 - 16 Mus. Arigoni i alias colon. XII, 192 (incorrect C AVG) — 17 Muselli imp. CC XIII, 4 — 18. 19 Wiczay 2081 (with DEC AVG) and 2084 (with DEC CAVS); Sestini 18.62 (both with DEC CAES) — 20 Cat. Welzl 1288 The conclusion of the CAVS document (here and below 147) is certainly only a stamping error CAES, just as CAIS is sometimes found (below 144.5. "O; 146). The Reading C AVG (the form S for G would not be impossible at this time; it comes, for example, on coins from Pella) for Caesar Augustus, which could at best be justified unlikely. Q H ETR MES DEC CAES Br. with likewise Crown P. M. r. I Belgrade The radiant crown is not found on coins from Viminacium for any other Caesar; cf. 149. Q H ETR MES DEC CAES Br. with P. and M. r. P M S I COL VIM etc. A. AN XII Female figure (Moesia) between bull and lion 1. standing, in the raised R. Zweig, in the L. ball (= 132; cf. 138) Illustration of Rs. (4) Weight: 16.48(2) — 15.16(3) — 12.90(4) Deviations: vs. CAIS 5.10, CAVS (?) 9; — Case COL IVII or IVM 2.3 I Budapest — 2. 3 Gotha — 4 Imhoof — 5 Leipzig — 6 Paris Mionnet p. 50, 50 — 7 Vienna Eckhel cat. 52.47 inaccurate [Tanini 14]. — 1| — 8 Tanini 19 from the collection Odescalchi — 9 Wiczay 2080 with DEC AVG; Sestini 18.65 DEC CAES — 10 million pp. 2, 50, 51 ; Cat, Welzl 1289. — See below 147* SO! Q HERE ETR MES DECIVS NOB likewise I Chaix descr. 13 Q H ETR MES DEC CAIS likewise I Budapest. — See below 146* likewise P M I S I COL VIM etc. A. AN XII Moesia as before, but in the raised R. branch, the L. above the lion (= 133. 139) 146* K— (Vs. not written) 1 P M S COL VIM etc. A. AN XII Moesiah I as usual, but d.-labarutn I Banduri 1.45 without citing the source, perhaps erroneously repeating that of Mediobarl)Us 354 Coin also described under Dccius (above 133.6); the object in the R. is maybe a branch. The ancient coins of Northern Greece L 4

50 MOESIA SVPERIOR U7 K27 US K27 [Etruscilla] Q H ETR MES DEC CAVS Br. with P. and M. r. I St. Petersburg [like this!) I P M S C|OL VIM etc. A. AN XII Moesia as before, but in the prev. R, cornucopia, the L. across the lion (= 135, cf. 140) Hostilianus VAL HOST M QVINTVS CAE 1 P M S qOL VIM etc. A. AN XII Br. with P. and M. r. | Type A Weight: 14.28(1) — 12.99(7) — 12.86(9) — 12.50(8) — 10.86(49) — 10.07(6) Deviations: Vs. VAI (the base of the L is so short that it looks like I) I. II. 27. 28 — ROST instead of HOST 47 — at the end CA 13, 14, C 8. 10. 26. 28. 33- 36. 43- 47- 48, QVINTVS 9. 23. 36. 37. 39. 41 ; — Shell without coat 5. 6. 14. 15 and probably other times too - Vs. quite inaccurately 34. 35 I Athens Cat. 799 — 2-6 Berlin Cat. 44, 104-108 (incorrect with CAES) — 8/7/9 Gotha — 10 Haag — II Imhoof — 12 Copenhagen Ramus i, 98, 14 (15 no longer available) — 13 Löbbcke — 14. 15 London Cat. 18.34.35 — 16. 17. 18 Milan Mus. Sanclem. 3,111 = 4,387 — 19-23 Munich — 24. 25 Naples Cat. 6270. 6271 (one = Banduri 1.53 of Foucault?) — 26 Naples Santang. Cat. 9916 (QVINT C?) — 27 Paris Mionnet i, 352, 7 = p. 2, 51, 54 — 28 Paris — 29 Thorwaldsen Müller Cat. 371.147 — 30 Vienna Cimel. Vindob. 1.123 inaccurate; Eckhel cat. 52.48 — 31. 32 Vienna Mus. Theup. 757 (the second incorrect with AN XI) — 33 Vienna Cimel. Vindob. i,io6(?); Eckhel cat. 52.49. — ü— 34 godmother imp. 396 Fig. (Vs. supposedly C VAL'HOSTIL QVINTVS CAES) — 35 Mediobarbus 357 (Vs. supposedly C VALENS HOSTIL MES QVINTVS NC) — 36 Mediobarbus 357 [Banduri 1.55] (Vs. supposedly MES instead of M) — 37 Vaillant num. col. 2.302 = 210 [Ban- duri 1.53] — 38 (from the Chamillart collection) Hardouin op. sei. 844 (vs. inaccurate); Banduri 1.53 (without CAE); Panel 63 (with CAE, but probably from Banduri) — 39 ban- duri 1.52 (HOSTIL instead of HOST) — 40 Mus. Arigoni 2 colon. XIII, 137 = 4 colon. XII, 119 [Tanini 24 inaccurate CAES] — 41 Muselli imp. CCXIII, .10 — 42 Tanini 23 — 43 Wiczay 2085 (Plate VII, 146 is not included); Sestini 18.66 - 44 Wiczay 2086; Sestini 18.67 — 45.46 Wiczay 2087. 2088 (not at Sestini) — 47 Cat. Welzl 1292 — 48 Sabatier iconogr. LXXII, 19. — Probably also here (with an indeterminate year) 49 Turin Mus. Cat. 1972 = Lavy 964 (writing of the Vs. incomplete) — 50 Muselli imp. CCXIII, 9 (Vs. CAES?) 147* K- 148* K— 148** K— IMP C Q HER ETR MES DECIVS AVG | = 144 capite nudo \ I Panel 63 from the Mazaugues collection If Etruscus were really called IMP and AVG, he would probably have to wear the laurel wreath have; the inscription on the Vs. is certainly incorrect, and the coin belongs to 144. C VAL HOST M QVINTVS Caput nudum | = 148, but AN X I Panel 52 from the Labat Collection in Lyon C VAL HOST M QVINTVS (CAE) Br. m. 1^148, but AN XI , robe t. | I Vaillant number. col. 2.302 =210 [Banduri 1.152] without CAE — 2 Mus. Arigoni 2 colon. XIII, 136 [Tanini 24] with CAE. — (The coin Mus. Theup. 753 has AN XII; see above 148, 32.) — See the comment on 141* and 141**.

VIMINACIVM 51 149 K21 150 K27 151 K28 152 K28 153 K38 [Hostilianus] C VAL HOST M QVINTVS CAE 1 as well likewise | Weight: 4.42 (4) Deviations: Vs. VAI 2 — OVINTVS 4 — at the end C 3. 7 I Milan Mus. Sanclem. 3,111 [Mionnet pp. 2, 50, 52] — 2 Paris, formerly Wiczay 2089; Sestini 18.68 — 3 Sophia — 4 Turin Mus. Cat. 1970 = Lavy 965 — 5 Wien Cimel. Vindob. 1.123; Eckhel cat. 52.51. — 1| — 6 Tanini 25 from the Odescalchi collection - — 7 Mionnet pp. 2, 50, 52 without citing the source VAL HOST M QVINTVS likewise PMS qOL VIM etc. A. AN XII Moesia as usual, in the raised R. branch, in the L. Ball (=132) I Vienna Cimel. Vindob. 1,123, XXXII, 4 = Eckhel cat. 52.50 (without branch); Cimel. Vindob. 1,107, XVIII, 4 (with branch); There is only one copy, with a branch. — 1| — 2 Mus. Arigoni 2 colon. XIII, 138 only Rs. [Tanini 24] - 3 Wiczay 2090; Sestini 19.70 likewise, but at the end CAE I Budapest University — 2 Parma — 3 Vienna likewise, with CAE PMS C|OL VIM etc. A. AN XII Moesia as before, but in the prev. R. cornucopia, the L. about the lion PMS CjOL VIM etc. A. AN XII Moesia as before, but the R. above the bull, in the first arm cornucopia 1 Stuttgart — 2 Vienna, formerly Neumann num. vet. 2, 125 [Tanini 24]; Wiczay 2091, VII, 147; Sestini 19.69 — 3 Vienna. — According to Sestini, Wiczay had two copies in his time, on which the woman in the R. held ears of grain, in the L. the cornucopia. Identified by it he has the one with Wiczay 2091 (above 2), where the woman certainly doesn't hold anything in the R.; But it is possible that Wiczay also had a now lost specimen with a branch and had a cornucopia (type = Decius 131 or 130). VAL HOST M QVINTVS CAES PMS qOL VIM etc. A. AN XII Br. m. P. and M. r. Type A Weight: 47.20g T Paris Number mod. max. XXX, 7. 8 (inaccurate CAE); Vaillant number. praest. i (3rd ed. 1694) 235; Sestini be. num. 2 (according to Ertinger table 160); Mionnet i, 352, 5. — Compare 153* About this and the following medallion see the introduction on p. 29. VAL HOST M QVINTVS CAE as well ' likewise Weight: 45>50g Illustration I Paris Banduri 1.51, illustration on p. 49; Mionnct 1,352.6 The die of this coin is just the same size as the ordinary Sestertii (diameter 28mm); But thanks to the wide, profiled edge it becomes a medallion. 153* =153 I = 153. al^cr COjB •^3" I Leipzig. — Whether the original, after which this coin was cast, was authentic, must be remain doubtful. A piece with the same error COB that I bought commercially I saw it was retouched. 154 K 40/28 Plate 1.15

52 MOESIA SVPERIOR 155 K26 156 K27 157 K25 158 K27 159 K28 160 K26 PMS C|OL VIM etc. A. AN XII Type A [Hostilianus] IMP C VAL HOST M QVINTVS AVG Br. with laurel wreath P. M. r. Weight: 13.40(2) I Budapest — 2 Gotha — 3 Naples Cat. 6272 — 4 Vienna Cimel, Vindob. 1.123; Eckhel cat. 52.52 — 5 Vienna. — 1| — 6 Tanini 23 — 7.8 Wiczay 2093; Sestini 19.71 (vs. stated (like VAr instead of VAL) PMS! CIOIL VIM et al. A. AN XII likewise Moesia between bull and lion 1. standing with two field symbols, in the R. that with the number VII, in the L. that with MM (= 85. 86. 98) I Vienna, formerly Neumann num. vet. 1,104, III, 10 [Tanini 23; Mionnet pp. 2, 50, 53]; Wiczay 2092, VII, 148; Sestini 19.72 also PMS C|OL VIM etc. A. TO XIII Type A I London Cat. 18.38 In addition to these coins of Hostilianus Augustus in the year XIII the following were minted, on which he is only called Caesar; true- Apparently obverse stamps from year XII were accidentally added to this been used (see above p. 25), C VAL HOST M QVINTVS CAE as well Br. m. P. M. (without laurel) r. Weight: 11.90(4) Deviations: vs. at the end C 8, without C (?) 6 I London Cat. 18.36 — 2 Paris Banduri 1.153; Mionnet pp. 2, 51, 54 — 3 St. Petersburg — 4 Turin Mus. Cat. 1971 — 5 Vienna. — 1| — 6 Vaillant num. col. 2.302 = 210 Fig. d. Rs. [Banduri 1.53; Panel 70] — 7 Wiczay 2097; Sestini 19.78 — 8 Sestini mus. Hederv. i9i77 — 9 Cat. Welzl 1294 C VAL HOST M QVINTVS C also P M S| CjOL VIM et al. A. TO XIII Moesia as usual, but in the raised R. branch, in which L. ball (= 132) 1 London Cat. 18.37 — 2 Longperier Cat. Magnoncour 198 Gallus PMS COL VIM Type A and 1. A. AN XII IMP C VIBIO TREBON GALLO AVG Br. m. L. P. M. r. Weight: 11.85(5) — 10.40(6) Deviations: Vs. VIB 3. 8. 16, 18 — AV 6. 18 — supposedly with CAES 18 1.2 Berlin Cat. 45, 109. 1 10 — 3 Berlin Cat. 45, 111 — 4 Budapest — 5.6 Gotha — 7 Milan Mus. Sandern. 3.114 [Mionnet pp. 2, 51, 55; Cohen 5, 254, 141] = 4,387 — 8 Munich — 9. 10 Naples Cat. 6273. 6274 — 11. 12 Paris — 13. 14 Vienna Eckhel cat. 52.53. 54 [Panel 65]. — |j — 15 (cf. 162.4) Banduri 1.70 by Foucault — 16 Panel 65 — 17 Muselli imp. CCXVI, 2 - 18 Tanini 32 - 19. 20 Wiczay 2094; Sestini 19.73

VIMINACIVM 53 161 K26 102 K26 163 K27 K27 162* K- likewise, but AN XIII [Gallus] likewise Weight: 10.25 (2) Deviations: Vs. GALL AVG 5.7.8 I Berlin Cat. 45,112 — 2 Gotha — 3 Copenhagen Ramus l add. 396, 1 5 a - 4 London Cat. 19.42 — 5 Wien Eckhel cat. 52.57 [Mus. Sanclem. 4,388; the one listed next to it An example from his own collection is not available in Milan] — 6 Vienna Mus. Theup. 758. — II — 7 Wiczay 2097; Sestini 20.79 — 8 Cat. Welzl 1299 likewise | same, but ON.... Deviations: Vs. incomplete 3.4.5.6; — Case COL VM i I Copenhagen Cat. Welzl 1295 — 2 London Cat. 19.40 — 3 Paris — 4 St. Petersburg Sestini mus. Benkowitz 5 (supposedly just above 160.15 ^o^i Foucault). — j| — 5 media barbus 361 [Banduri 1.78] — 6 Banduri 1.67 The form of the emperor's name on the coins n. 160-162 no longer appears in the year XIV to occur; The pieces listed under 162 probably have AN XII or XIIL - In the year XII the other forms of names are not yet found on safe coins (the For uncertain cases, see 162* below. 165*); So it seems to be the form /m/>. C. Viöius Trebonianus Gallus Aug., which does not appear on Roman coins, appears to be the oldest; then will Caesar inserted between Imp. and C., which was already happening in Dacia in the year V (i.e. approximately August 251) happens; The latest form is Imp. C. Gallus P{ius') Felix Aug., as the emperor is never called in Dacia because there are no coins from the year VI or VII (251/3) are verifiable"d. PMS CjOL VIM etc. A. TO XIII Type A supposedly without IMP C C VIB TREB GALLVS AVG Br. m. L. P. M. r. Weight: 12.86(1) — 9.90(3) Deviations: vs. IMP CAES C 4, IMP GAE C 7 cf. 9 TREB II. 12; — Rev. perhaps AN XIIII 6 I Athens Cat. 801 — 2 Berlin Cat. 45,114 — 3 Gotha — 4 Lübbecke — 5 Milan (maybe easily this in the mush. Sanclem. 4, 388; cf. above 161.5) — ^ Moscow Univ. Cat. 113 — 7 Naples Cat. 6275; probably the same with Banduri 1.70 by Foucault — 8 Rome Vatican. — 1| — 9 godmother imp. 397 Fig. d. Rs. [from it, with Vs. = 7, Mediobarbus 361; Banduri 1.78] — 10 Vaillant num. col. 2, 315 =: 219 [Banduri 1.72] — 11 Banduri 1.72 by Le Roy — 12 Muselli imp. CCXVI, 3 — 13 Hallcr Cat. Bern 282.25 — 14 Sabatier icon. LXXIH, 8 likewise, but TRIB instead of TREB | likewise Weight: 13.10(11) Deviations: Opposite at the end AV 8. 15 — Rs. perhaps AN XIIII 9 I Berlin Cat. 45,113 — 2. 3. 4 Budapest — 5 Bucharest — 6 London Cat. 19.41 — 7 Lon Don Cat. 19, 39 (with AN XIII or XII) — 8.9 Munich — 10 Paris Mionnet p. 2, 51,57 [Cohen 5,254, 143] — 11 Turin Mus. Cat. 1973 = Lavy 966 — 12 Vienna Eckhel cat. 52, 58; probably the same before, inaccurate Cimel. Vindob. 1.124 with AN XII. — 1| — 13. 14 Wiczay 2099 (with TREB). 2100; Sestini 20.80 (both with TRIB) — 15 Mionnet pp. 2, 51, 57 of Allier — 16 Chaix descr. 14 IMP GAE C VIB TREB GALLVS AVG Br. 1 P M S COL VIM and i. A. AN XII Type A m. L. P. M. r. I Deviations: IMP C C 2. 3. 4 — TRE 4 — without TREB 2.3 I Mediobarbus 361 [Banduri 1.78] — 2 Vaillant num. col. 2.315 = 219 [Banduri 1.78] — 3 Cimel. Vindob. 1,124 — 4 Sestini mus. Hederv. 19.74 Since all safe coins with this name form have AN XIII (see 163), they must recorded here are considered doubtful, although the form also occurs in the year XII could; could; 3 is probably = 164.12. Cf. also 164.7.

54 MOESIA SVPERIOR 165 K26 lOÜ K21 167 K27 168 K26 [169] K(26) 165* K27 PMS CjOL VIM etc. A. TO XIII Type A [Gallus J IMP C GALLVS P FELIX AVG Br. m. L. P. M. r. Weight: 10.60(9) — 9.26(1) — 6.72(4) Deviations: vs. l'IVS instead of P 2.8.16.22 (= below 167) — without P 19 — and certainly 24 - at the end AV 18 cf. 16; — Rs. Division of the font P M S | COL I. 6. 9 — at the end VI instead of VIM I Athens Cat. 802 — 2-6 Berlin Cat. 45, 115-119 — 7.8 Budapest — 9 Gotha — 10 Im- hoof — II Milan Mus. Sanclem. 3.114 [Mionnet pp. 2, 51, 56; Cohen 5, 254, 142] and probably the same 4,387 incorrect with AN XII - 12. 13. 14 Munich - 15 Paris - 16 Paris Mionnet pp. 2, 51, 58 [Cohen 5, 254, 144 with AV] — 17 Sophia — 18 Vienna Eckhel cat. 53)59 — 19 Vienna. — 1| — 20 Panel 69 — 21.22 Wiczay 2101. 2102; Sestini 20,81.82 — 23 Sabatier iconogr. LXXIII, 5. — 24 London Cat probably also belongs here. 16:11 (erroneous under Gordianus with AN III). the same, but with a crown | likewise Weight: 3.12 (perhaps to be considered an As despite the stralilen crown; cf. 177 below) I Berlin Cat. 45, 120 IMP C GALLVS PIVS FELIX AVG Br. m. L. P. M. r. P M S I COL VIM etc. A. TO XIII Winged female figure between bull and lion 1. standing, in the raised R. wreath, the L. above the lion I Lübbecke — 2 Vienna About the type, Victoria or Moesia -Victoria, see the introduction on p. 28. PMS COL VIM etc. A. TO XIV Type A IMP C GALLVS P FELIX AVG likewise Weight: 9.59(1) — 9.05(7) Deviations: vs. uncertain 18 — Rs. COL VII or COL VM 7. 17. 21. 22 — Year incomplete 21. 22 I Athens Cat. 805 — 2.3.4 Berlin Cat. 45, 121-123 — 5.6 Budapest — 7 Gotha — 8 Copenhagen Ramus i, 98, 17 — 9 London Cat. 19.43. — 10. 11 Milan (see 165*) — 12. 13. 14 Naples Cat. 6276-6278; one of them Banduri 1.70 (by Foucault) — 15 Vienna Eckhel cat. 53.62 [Mionnet pp. 2, 52, 59; Cohen 5, 254, 145] — 16 Vienna Mus. Theup. 759 [Panel 73] — 17 Zurich. — |j — 18 Vaillant num. col. 2.315 = 219 Fig. d. Rs. [Banduri 1.72] — 19 Muselli imp. CCXVI, 4 - 20 Wiczay 2106; Sestini 20.85. ~~ Furthermore, with un- full year 21 Paris; probably this piece at Banduri 1.70 (with AN XII) — 22 Vienna Eckhel cat. 52.55 (with AN XII); but the last two pieces could too belong to AN XIII (cf. 165*). also PMS COL VIM etc. A. TO XVI Type A I Agnethler description of Schulz. coin box 3, 10, 1184 As shown in the introduction, XVI is just a stamping error for XIV. = 165 I P M S COL VIM etc. A. AN XII Type A I Banduri 1.70 (Paris) — 2 Eckhel cat. 52.55 (Vienna) — 3 Mus. Sanclem. 4,387 (Milan) The year of i and 2 is uncertain; because of the form of the emperor's name they are listed under AN XIV (168,21.22). Sanclemente was probably wrong about 3; in May- With this verse there is one piece with AN XIII (165.11) and two with AN XIV (168,10, 11), but none with XIL

VIMINACIVM 55 170 K35 Table 1.1 6 [Hl] K(35) IMP C VIBIO TREBON GALLO AVG IMP C C VIB VOLVSI AV Br. des Gallus with L. P. M. r. and Br. of Volusianus with L. P. M. L, facing each other Gallus and Volusianus PMS! COIL VIM etc. A. AN XIII The both emperors with (laurel wreath) Armor and mantle against each other overhanging; each of them carries a ball on one hand, of which a little Victoria with Wreath (and palm branch?) on him floats to while he moves with the other hand on the spear supports. In the section, to both Pages of the date, 1. the bull r. and r. the lion 1. Illustration of the Rs. I London Cat. 19.44; previously described by Birch num. chron. 8 (1846) 39 TREBON GALLO [IMP C VIBIO] AVG IMP C C VIB VOLV[SI AV?] likewise PMS COL [VIM] etc. A. r^i'Ji ?1 The Emperor (Gallus) on horseback r. ; in front of him Victoria with one wreath, which she gives to the emperor, and a palm branch. In the ab- cut bull and lion as above I Boyne number. chron. N.S. 4 (1864) 158; Auction Cat. (London 1868) n. 265, — Am At the end of the vs. Boyne thought he could read CAES, but that is unlikely. The year has not been preserved, but it can probably be assumed that based on the previous coin. be completed. Unfortunately, it was not possible to determine where the coin came from. Roman medallions of Gallus and Volusianus with these two types are not known. knows; but the die cutter may have used Roman patterns unknown to us. Volusianus 173 K26 172* K— PMS C|OL VIM Type A and 1. A. AN XII IMP C C VIB VOLVSIANVS AVG Br. m. L. P. M. r. Weight: 9.90(1) — 9.06(9) Deviations: Vs. not described 12 — supposedly CS instead of C C 15 — VB VOLVSIANS 4. 8. 15, supposedly VOLVSIANO 9 (but probably = 4. 8. 15) I Athens Cat. 800 — 2.3 Berlin Cat. 45,124. 125; one of them at Beger thes. Fire. 2,736 [Banduri 1.88; Panel 67] — 4 Berlin Cat. 46, 126 (not at Beger) — 5 Budapest — 6 Copenhagen — 7 Leake suppl. 151 — 8 Munich — 9 Turin Mus. Cat. 1974 — 10 Vienna Eckhel cat. 52.56 [Mionnet pp. 2, 52, 61 ; Cohen 5, 280, 144] — ll Vienna Mus. Theup. 761 [Tanini 37]. — 1|— 12 Mus. Arigoni i alias colon. XIII, 198 (Rs.) [Tanini 37] — 13 Panel 67 — 14 Wiczay 2095; Sestini 19.76 - 15 Wiczay 2096; Scstini 19.75 Volusianus (vs. not described) | P M S COL VIM et al. A. AN XI Type A I Mus. Arigoni i alias colon. XIII, 197 [Mionnct pp. 2, 52, 60; Cohen 5,280 grade 2, doubtful] Since Decius still ruled in the year XII, coins of Volusianus with AN XI are impossible.

56 MOESIA SVPERIOR 173* K- 177* K- 177* K- 178* K- P M S qOL VIM etc. A. AN XII Type A likewise, but with AN XIII [Volusianus] 173 IMP CAE C VIB VOLVSIANO AVG K 26 Br. m. L. P. M. r. I Munich 174 IMP C C VIB VOLVSIANVS AVG K 26 as well Weight: 14.50(4) — 13.80(2) — 13.00(5) Deviations: vs. supposedly IMP C VIB 7. 10, also without AVG 10 I. 2 Berlin Cat. 46, 128. 129 — 3 Florence Banduri 1.89 (erroneous with IMP CAES) — 4-5 Gotha — 6 Copenhagen Ramus i, 98, 16 — 7 Naples Cat. 6279 with IMP C VIB, but probably that- the same correct with IMP C C VIB at Banduri 1.86 (from Foucault) — 8 Wien Eckhel cat, 53.61 — 9 Vienna Mus. Theup. 761. — \\— 10 Vaillant num. col. 2.325 = 226 [Banduri 1.89] — II Mus. Arigoni 4 colon. XITI, 122 175 IMP CAE C VIB VOLVSIANO AVG as well K 26 head with laurel wreath r. , on jibe some clothes Deviations: vs. sometimes bust portrait with L. P. M.; — Rs. VM instead of VIM 4 — Year uncertain 2 I Berlin Cat. 46, 127 — 2 Berlin Cat. 46, 131 — 3 Budapest — 4 Milan — 5.6.7 Munich — 8 Paris Mionnet pp. 2, 52, 62 [Cohen 5, 281, 246 and inaccurate 245] — 9 Vienna Eckhel cat. 53.60. — II — 10 Muselli imp. CCXVII, 9 (cf. 10, below 178*) — 11 Wiczay 2103; Sestini 20.83 — 12 Wiczay 2105, VII, 149 (the alleged B on the neck is clothing); Sestini 20.83 176 IMP C VOLVSIANVS AVG also | likewise K 25 Weight: 11.01(1) — 10.05(2) — 8.45(5) Deviations: vs. VOLVSIANO 9 — bust with robe 2 1.2 Athens Cat. 803. 804 — 3 Berlin Cat. 46, 130 — 4 Budapest — 5 Gotha — 6 Lon- Don Cat. 19.45 — 7 Munich — 8 Paris Mionnet 1,352, 8 [Cohen 5, 281, 147] — 9 Vienna Mus. Theup. 761 — 10.11 Vienna. — |j — 12 Mus. Arigon 2 colon. XIV, 140 — 13 panel 70 (ex thesMiro regio, so = 8?) — 14 Wiczay 2104; Sestini 20.84 — ^5 Chaix descr. 15 That the coins with this shorter name form appear to be slightly smaller and lighter seem than the others of the same year, probably doesn't mean anything; hardly allowed you can see in them a special nominal (= three As?). 177 IMP C VOLVSIANVS AVG Br. m. L. 1 as well K 19 P. M. r. I Weight: 5.30 I Paris Mionnet i, 352, 8 Based on the weight, this coin will have to be regarded as a Dupondius, although the emperor does not wear the radiant crown; conversely, Gallus has on a coin that The crown of rays weighs only 3.12 g and can therefore be considered an ace (above 166). Volusianus (vs. not described) | = 173, but year undetermined 1 godmother imp. 399 Fig. [Mediobarbus 363; Banduri 1.90] (Vs. not described) | P M S COL VIM et al. A. AN XIV Type A I Vaillant number. col. 2.325 = 225 [Banduri 1.89; Panel 74] IMP VOLVSIANVS P AVG Br. m. L. P. M. r. | likewise I Mus. Arigoni 4 colon. XIII, 123. Maybe it's a Valerianus = below 186. = 175 I as well, but supposedly AN XV 1 Muselli imp. CCXVII, 10. — Since in the year XIV already Aemilianus and then Valerianus came to the government, then XV cannot be correct; it's probably just wrong Drawing (instead of XII or XIII), not stamp error.

VIMINACIVM 57 Undetermined emperor 178 IMP AVG Br. m. L. P. M. r. P M S C1[0L VIM] etc. A. TO XIII K 31 Type A the Roman type was stamped on it of the three Monetae I Budapest According to the year XIII, the coin must belong to Hostilianus, Gallus or Volusianus belong; but the image of the emperor is due to the overprinting become unrecognizable. 179 K25 180 K26 Aemilianus IMP C M AEMIL AEMILIANVS AVG PMS C|OL VIM etc. A. TO XIV Br. m. L. P. M. r. Type A Weight: 11.25(5) — 9.02(2) — 8.70(7) — 8.20(6) Deviations: Vs, CAES instead of C 13 — supposedly AEMILI 10 — AEMILANVS 14 — AV|G 6; AV (perhaps the G only unclear) 5. 15. 16; A'G 10.ii; A i. (2?) 13. 22. 25; conclusion uncertain 2. 3. 4. 7. 8; — Rs. Separation P M S | COL 4. 9. 11. 17; sometimes uncertain — CüL VII 3. 4. 7. 9. 24; COL VI i. 17. 23; supposedly COL VIII 24 — year missing 10. 27; supposedly AN XII 24, cf. 9. — Through Overstamping (you can see 2 heads) struck wide (diameter 29 mm) 6 1.2 Berlin Cat. 46, 132. 133 — 3.4 Budapest — 5- 6. 7 Gotha — 8 Copenhagen — 9 Copenhagen, formerly Welzl Cat. 1308 (incorrect with AN Xll) — 10 Leake suppl. 151 — II. 12 London Cat. 20.47.48 — 13 Milan — 14 Munich — 15 Paris Banduri 1.98; Mionnet i, 353, 9 (inaccurate without AEMIL) [Cohen 5, 294, 72] — 16 Vienna Eckhel cat. 53.63 — 17 in stores. — 1| — 18 godmother imp. Index 26 (with M S C III XIV) [Mediobarbus 364; Banduri 1.99] — 19 Vaillant num. col. 2.328 = 228 Fig. d. Rs. [Banduri 1.98] – 20 ban- duri 1.98 by Foucault — 21 Muselli suppl. imp. XXXVI, 3 - 22 Wiczay 2108; Sestini 20.86 - 23 Wiczay 2107; Sestini 20.87 inaccurate — 24. 25 Cat. Welzl 1309. 1310 — 26 Sabatier iconogr. LXXIII, 29. — 27 perhaps also belongs here (with uncertain vs.) Godmother imp. 404 Fig. [Mediobarbus 364; Banduri 1.99]. — Compare 179*. PMS COL VIM etc. A. TO XIV Type A IMP C EMIL EMILIANO AVG Br. m. L.P.M.r. Weight: 9.85 (i) Deviations: Rs. XIIII instead of XIV 2 I Gotha — 2 Vienna Eckhel cat. 53.64. — 1| — 3 Banduri 1.98 from the Foucault collection 179* K— 179** K25 IMP C M AEMIL AEMILIANVS A Br. m, | P M S COL VIM et al. A. AN XII Type A L.P.M.r. I I Mus. Arigoni i alias colon. XIII, 200 [Mionnet pp. 2, 52, 63; Cohen 5, 294, 71 doubtful]. — The year XII cannot be correct; It is probably the same here as with Welzl 1308 (cf. above 179.9) AN XIV, and the same is probably true for Cat. Welzl 1309 (above 179.24) apply. likewise, only at the end AVG | likewise, but supposedly AN XIII 1 Mus. Theup. 761 The coin (in the Vienna Cabinet) has AN XVI and is described under n. 184.

58 MOESIA SVPERIOR 181 K25 182 K30 183 K22 184 K26 185 K25 186 K27 185* K— 186* K— [Aemilianus] IMP C EMIL EMILIANO AVG Br. m. P M|S | COL VIM et al. A. TO Xllll L.P.M.r. Female figure between bull and lion 1. standing, in the front stretched R. branch, the L. across the lion I Berlin Cat. 46, 134. — |'j — 2 Mus. Arigoni i alias colon. XIII, 201 [Tanini 42 inaccurate with AN XlilJ. — On the Berlin copy there is the end of the emperor's name and the The year is unclear, but it probably corresponds to the other one. The same type can often be found on coins of Decius and his family years XII; see above 133, 139, 146. PMS qOL VIM etc. A. TO Xllll Type A 4 Naples cat. 6280 — 5 Vienna Mus. IMP CAES AEMILIANVS P F AVG Br. m. L. P. M. r. Weight: 17.94(2) — i4.45(5) I Hague — 2 London Cat. 20.46 — 3 Milan Theup. 761. — II — 6 Wiczay 2109; Sestini 20.88 The coins with this name form have an unusual size and for this time Heaviness. The following piece should be understood as Dupondius. likewise (Dupondius?) | likewise Weight: 5.92 IParis IMP C M AEMIL AEMILIANVS AVG 1 P M S C|OL VIM and i. A. TO XVI Br. m. L. P. M. r. | Type A I Löbbecke — 2 Paris — 3 Vienna Mus. Theup. 761 (incorrect with AN XIII) [Panel 71; Ta- nini 42; Mus. Sanclem. 4,388] The number XVI must be a stamp error (instead of AN XIV): see introduction p. 25. 26. Val erianus PMS C|OL VIM Type A u. 1. A. AN XIV IMP P LIC VALERIANO AVG Br. m. L.P.M.r. Weight: 8.75 (i) Deviations: vs. supposedly IMP C LIC 5 — VALERIAIO i ; — Rs. V instead of VIM i 1 Gotha — 2 Vienna Eckhel cat. 53.66 [Tanini 54; Mionnet pp. 2, 53, 66; Cohen 5, 324, 287]. — II — 3 Wiczay 2110; Sestini 20.89 — 4 Wiczay 2113 (allegedly AN XAI, also Vs. un- exactly); corrected by Sestini 20.90 — 5 Sabatier iconogr. LXXIV, 27 IMP VALERIANVS P AVG as well | likewise I Vienna Eckhel cat. 53.65 [Mionnet p. 53.65 completely inaccurate; also Cohen 5, 324, 286]. — II — 2 Vaillant num. col. 2.341 = 237 Fig. d. Rs. [Banduri 1,130; Panel 76] — 3 panels 76 from the Caulet collection in Toulouse. — Compare Volusianus 177** The year on the Vienna copy is quite uncertain; but since Eckhel XIV read and 2 and 3 are also described, the coin is included here; otherwise finds This name form only developed with AN XV. = 185 I = 185, but supposedly AN XII I Mus. Arigoni l alia colon. XIII, 202 [Mionnet pp. 2, 52, 64; Cohen 5, 323, 285 doubtful]. It can probably be read in XV, which Sanclemente 4.390 also suspects, on his copy (above 187.2) the two lines of the number V also do not close. = 186 I = 186, but supposedly AN II I godmother imp. 406 Fig. d. Back = Index 26 [Mediobarbus 368; Banduri 1,143; see also below 190.7]. — Number II must of course be stated incorrectly.

VIMINACIVM 59 187 K26 188 K27 189 K27 190 K27 191 K26 191 = K— [Valerianus] IMP P LIC VALERIAIO AVG as well as 1 P M S C|OL VIM etc. A. TO XV I type A I Copenhagen, formerly Cat. Welzl 131 2 — 2 Milan Mus. Sandern. 3,124, XXXIV, 385 [Mionnet pp. 2, 53, 67; Cohen 5, 324, 288] = 4,390. — Here maybe 185* IMP VALERIANVS P AVG as well | likewise Deviations: Vs. supposedly P F AVG 3 I Budapest (very raw style). — [j — 2 Vaillant num. col. 2.341 = 237 [Banduri 1.130; Panel 80] — 3 Tanini 54 from his collection [Mus. Sandern. 4, 390] IMP [P LI]C VALERIAIO AVG as well as PMS qOL VIM etc. A. TO XVI Type A I Munich IMP VALERIANVS P AVG likewise ] likewise Weight: 9.82(1) Deviations: Vs. P F AVG i. 9 - incomplete 2 - supposedly without P 7 1 Berlin Cat. 47,135 — 2 Milan — 3 Paris Mionnet 1,353, 10 [Cohen 5, 324, 289] — 4 Vienna Eckhel cat. 53.68. — 1| — 5 Vaillant num. col. 2.341 = 237 [Banduri 1.30] — 6 Mediobarbus 368 [Banduri 1,143] - 7 P«ind 83 (supposedly from Patin p. 26, but where only the incorrect description with AN II is there; see below 186*) — 8 Wiczay 2112 Sestini 21.92 — 9.10 Cat. Welzl 1313. 1314 Mariniana PMS qOL VIM Type A A. TO XV the veil sometimes un- DIVAE MARINIANAE Br. with veil and robe r. Weight: 9.90(4) — 6.72(1) Deviations: vs. bust on crescent moon 6 safe; — Rs. VI instead of VIM 3.4.6 I Berlin Cat. 47,136; formerly Cat. Pfau 483, XX, 8 [Panel 80] — 2. 3 Budapest — 4 Gotha — 5 Linz — 6 Löbbecke — 7 Paris — 8 Vienna Froelich append. duae novae 25.30, 1.30 [Tanini 63]; Eckhel cat. 53.67 [Mionnet pp. 2, 53, 68; Cohen 5, 343, 20]; Eckhel d. n. 7,389. — I — 9 Froelich append. duae novae 25.30 from the Jenisch collection [Eckhel d.n. 7,389; Tanini 63, plate I] — 10 Wiczay 2111; Sestini 21.91 (probably that of Eckhel d.n. 7.389 Neumann's copy mentioned). — Tanini 63 also mentions a piece with AN XIV and different type, supposedly in the Vienna Cabinet; But that can't be a mistake. From these coins from Viminacium, Froelich first demonstrated that Mariniana belongs to the family of Valerianus; all further details are uncertain (see Eckhel d. n. 7, 388). Gallienus Safe coins of Gallienus with AN XIV and AN XV are not yet available proven; but some of the pieces could have a dubious year number (192.1.4; 193.6; 194.3) probably have XIV or XV. The insecure ones Descriptions see 191* below. IMl' LICI GALLIENVS AVG head m.l.r. 1 P M S COL VIM et al. A. AN XIIII, on an- I whose AN XV type A I Vaillant number. col. 2,352 = 244 [Banduri l,200; Panel 77] Both dates would be possible for Gallienus; but they are not sufficiently authenticated.

6o MOESIA SVPERIOR 192 K26 193 K26 194 K26 195 K26 [Gallienus] IMP GALLIENVS AVG Br. m. L. P. PMS C|OL VIM and i. A. TO XVI Mr. r. Type A Weight: 11.20(1) Differences: vs. writing incomplete 1.4 — backside year indistinct 1.4 I Berlin Cat. 47,138 — 2 Budapest — 3 Paris Cohen 5,473, 1362 (inaccurate IMP C) — 4 Vienna. — Compare below 193.7 (Hestini) IMP GALLIENVS P AVG as well | likewise Weight: 9.80(1.4) — 9.25(2) Differences: vs. writing incomplete 2 — Rs. year indistinct 6 I Athens Cat. 806 — 2 Berlin Cat. 47,137 — 3 Bucharest — 4 Gotha — 5 Löbbcke — 6 Milan. — 1| — 7 Wiczay 21 14; but according to Sestini 21.93 IMP C GALLIENVS AVG IMP C GALLENVS AVG as well | likewise Weight: 10.40(2) Differences: vs. writing incomplete 2 — Rs. year indistinct 3 I Budapest — 2 Gotha — 3 Copenhagen Ramus i add. 396.18 a - 4 Löbbecke - 5 Vienna Eckhel cat. 53.69 without year [Mionnet p. 2, 53, 69; Cohen 5,473, 1361], but XVI is sure — 6 Vienna Mus. Theup. 768 [Panel 84]. — 1| — 7 Mus. Arigoni 2 colon. XIV, 142 [Tanini 76 inaccurate] — 8 Cat. Welzl 1315 IMP C GALLENVS P AVG likewise 1 likewise I Munich 195* K- (Vs. not described) | r=192-195 1 godmother thes. Maurocene. 108 — • 2 Vaillant num. col. 2.352 = 244 Fig. d. Rs. [Banduri 1,200] Both coins are probably correctly described and belong to one of the numbers 192-195; but since the writing of the verse is not given, they cannot be followed above.