Zeitschrift für Numismatik, vol. 26 — 1908

Roman denarius find from Lengowo. 313 153. IMP TRAIANO AVG GER DAC PM COS VIPP_ Br. m. L. and M.r. | Writing as well. Column. Coh. 558. 154. 155. IMP TRAIANO AVG GER DACPM TRP K.m.L. u.G.r. | VESTA, COS V PPSPQ ROPTIMO PRINC Coh. 644. Hadrianus. 156. IMP CAESAR TRAIAN HADRIANVS AVG Km. Lu. G. r., chest forward. | CLEM, PM TR P COS II Coh. 212. 157. IMP CAESAR TRAIAN HADRIANVS AVG K.m.L.r. CLEM, PM TR P COS III Coh. 214. 158. HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS Br.m.L.u.M.r. | CLEMENTIA AVG PP, COS III Coh. 233. 159. IMP CAES TRAIAN HADRIANO AVG DIVI [TRA] K.m. L. and G. r., chest forward. | CONCORD, PARTH F DIVI NER NEP PM TR P COS Coh. 248. 160. IMP CAES TRAIAN HADRIAN OPT AVG [GER DAC] Br. m. L.P.u. M. r., chest forward.| CONCORJD, ..... COS PP Coh. 250, where the description of the AR/. out- fell, cf. 1st edition 112. 161. IMP CAESAR TRAIAN HADRIANVS AVG Km.L. u. G.r., chest forward. | CONCORD, PM TR P COS IH Coh. 255. 162-165. HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS K.m.L.u.G.r. | COS sacrificial genius. (oh. 335. 166. HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS K.m.L.u.G.r. | COSII ste- standing Victoria. Coh. 358. 167. HADRIANVSAVGVSTVS K.m.L.u.G.r. | COSII seated Victoria. Coh. 361. 168. HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS K.m. L. and G. r. | C0S II Li bertas. Coh. 374. 169. HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS PP K.m.L.r. | COS II Abun Dantia. Coh. 380. 170. HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS K.m.L.u.G.r. | COS III Spes. Coh. 390,

K. Rtegling: HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS . K. m: L..u..G..r COS II Priestly implements. Coh. 454. IMP CAESAR TRAIAN HADRIANVS AVG K.m. Lu. G. r., chest forward: | FELICAVG, PM TR.P COSIU Coh. 1st ed. 216 (2nd ed. R/. 601, Vf. 600). . 174. IMP CAESAR TRAIAN HADRIAN[VS AVG] K.m. L. and G. r., chest. forward: forward, | FORT RED, PM TR-P , COS IE Coh. 745. | . IMP CAES TRAIAN HADRIANO AVG DIVI TRA K.m. L.u.G.r., chest forward | FORT RED, PARTH F DIVI NO NEP PM TR PCOS 'Coh. 749, but unsure whether »-on-our coin globe is present. HADRIANVS AVG COS TI PP km; Lil. h FORTVNAE REDVCI Coh.:783. IMP CAESAR TRAIAN HADRIANVS AVG K, m. n. and. G.r. | HILAR PR, PM TR P COS IH Coh. 816. .. HADRIANVS AVGVSTVS .K m.G. r., without :L. | IN- DVEGENTIA AVG PP, COS III Coh 854. IMP CAESAR TRAIAN HADRIANVS AVG - Br.m. L.P. below right, chest forward. | IVSTITIA, PM TRPCOSII Coh. 877, where. the tank is missing. .;IMP CAESAR TRAIAN: HADRIANVS AVG K:;:m. L. G.r., chest forward. De PM TR P COS I].. : ' :Cooh. 1027: font likewise. K.m. L.1. ri DM TR P cos ; seated Roma. Coh. 1099. AD IMP CAESAR TRA.... K.m.L.u.G.r., chest forward. | P-M:TR P COS III Aeternitas. Coh. 1114. IMP CAESAR TRAIAN HADRIANVS AVG K,m. L. and : e@or.,. chest forward..‘j:PM TR PCOS:1IL- -Pietas. Coh. 1116. 4 shaft as well. K m LUr& Tr. | "BM/-TR P:€COS II Aequitas. Coh. 1119. ; Longing, same. Br..m,L. w.M.r., chest forward. | PM TR P COS III Victoria with Tropaeum.: Coh,1132.

Roman denarius find from Lengowo. | ' 315 186190. Writing as well. K.:m. L. u.G@.r. (186--189 chest »ut “towards: forward) |PM TR.P COS, HI; standing Pax., Coh. 1140. 191. Writing as well. K.m.L.u.G.r., chest forward. |PM TR P COS Ir seat sacrificing woman. Coh. 1149. 192%, >Writing as well. .K m.L! etc. @.r.)'Chest forward |PM TR P COS II seated: Salus. | .Coh. 1151. 193)194:: Writing as well. : Km. L. u.G. r.|PM.TRP COSIU Emperor with tax. Coh. 1162. ' 195. :HADRIANVSAVG COSIIPP. 'K.m.L:r. |. PROVIDENTIA AVG dCoh. 1202, :but where bust instead of 'head. 196. | Writing as well. K.m.L.r.!ROMVLO CONDITORI 'Coh. 1316. 197. 198. Writing as well. K. without L. r. | SALVS!AVG Salus yes with 'short staff 1. stand. Coh. 1328, yes is at No. 198 the altar neither par& nor allume. 199. Writing as well. K. without L.r. | SALVS AVG Salus with long stick 1. stand. Coh. 1331. 200. 201. Writing as well. K. without L. r. | SALVS AVG Salus r. standing. Coh. 1335. 202. IMP CAESAR TRAIAN HADRIANVS AVG km Bu Gr.r., chest forward.| SALVS AVG, PM TRP COS Coh. 1350. 203. HADRIANVS AVG COS II PP K.m.L.r. | VICTORIA AVG dCoh. 1455. Sabina. 204. SABINA AVGVSTA Br. m. Stephane u.G.r. | VENERI GENETRICI Coh. 73. Pius. 205. DIVVS ANTONINVS K. m. G. r, without L. | DIVO PIO pillar. Coh. 353. 206. 207. ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP TR P COS III K.m. L.r. | GENIO SENATVS Coh. 399. 208. ANTONINVS AVG PIVSPP K.m.L.r. | LIB HI. TR POT COS IIII oh. 490.

316 209. al. 212. 214. 215. K. Regling: Roman denarius find from Lengowo. Faustina Sr. 210. DIVA FAVSTINA Br.m.G.r. | CERES Coh. 136. | Marcus. IMPM AVREL ANTONINVSAVG K.r.without L.| CONCORD AVG TR P XVI, COS III Coh. 35. 213. AVRELIVSCAESARAVGPIIF K.r. without L. | COS Emperor with branch and cornucopia. Coh. 110. M ANTONINVS AVG ARM PARTH MAX Kb. nl PAX, TR P XX IMP III COS III Coh. 435. AVRELIVS CAESAR AVG PII F K.r. without L. | TR POT I COS II Pallas. Coh. 608. K. Regling.

necrologist. Solone Ambrosoli. On September 27, 1906, the director of the Royal Coin Cabinet the Brera S. Ambrosoli. In his His native town of Como, where he was born on October 8, 1851 He published the Gazetta Numismatica since 1881, which was published in 1888 has been replaced by the Rivista Italiana di Numismatica. The appearance of the last magazine on which the cloth- Italy's most active numismatist was the result of his work Moved to Milan into the office of conservator the collection the Brera... For two years he has the Editorial staff at Rivista, whereupon the Gnecchi brothers stood up for him. His numismatic works, in the Bulletino Italiano di Numismatica 1907, March, p. 39 ff., ge- belong to the smaller part of Roman coinage on, to much larger part of the medieval and modern coins customer of Italy. R. Weil. Hans Riggauer. In Munich is on April 5, 1907, on the way to Royal coin cabinet, Hans Riggauer from one Stroke was affected, who lost his life on the same day has made an end; born September 2, 1849, stood he at the age of 58. Riggauer had after he the gym Wanted to leave school and turn to jurisprudence

318 necrologist. but after a few semesters to study antiquity came. H. Brunn, who was at the height of his career at the time teaching work, had also inspired him to study archaeo- logy won; it was the time in which L. Julius, then A. Milch- höfer and A. Furtwängler the archaeological Seminar in Munich belonged. With his archaeological professorship Brunn was appointed curator at the coin cabinet. tied; A younger force was needed here at the time, and on- became noticeable on Riegauer's inclination to numismatic studies, he employed him since 1875 as an assistant at the mint cabinet. With a dissertation: 'Eros on coins', to the Brunn gave the suggestion. he achieved in 1878: the 'philo- sophic doctorate; This work has only been printed for 2 years later in VIII. Volume of the Journal for Numismatics, 8. 71-99. Riggauer is: constantly am-Königl. remained a coin cabinet, 'whose careful administration and increase he had to concern himself with. In 1890 he was appointed Conseryator of the Collection been, 1894 to the board of the same; and at the same time to honorary professor at the university; elected in the same year er the royals. Bavarian Academy of Sciences for the extra- 'full member, 1904. — His literary technical work 'partly, in the field the ancient one Numismatics, : in the direction; the; his dissertation erm’ 'give: had, also an essay about Hero, and.'Leander on Coins (1893). yourself underneath, predominantly on the. Ge- offer, 'to modern coinage, especially its Bavarian Homeland. He was attracted to emergence and progress of the numerical matic discipline to pursue; like that has he one until then almost unknown numisinist from the end of the 16th year- hundred, the :on: Hof of Duke Maximilian of Bavaria living John Bapt. Fickler, pulled back into the light, and'im 'Years 1900 "The development of numismatics and numismatics :matics. Collections” the subject of a speech in the Munich Academy ' chosen. . With solid knowledge: has 'Riggauer at any time'. a 'prudent: judgment 'connected; : what. him

necrologist. 319 but to those who have had the opportunity to get closer to him, made particularly valuable has, was his amiable nature and his: honest character. R,; Because. j Julius Erbstein is on October 15, 1907 in Blasewitz near Dresden in seven umpteen years of life different, a man whose name goes through three generations purely for centuries among coin collectors and coin researchers in high regard confessed and himself for quite some time was considered a leader. As Grandchildren of the master's degree K. W. Ms. Erbstein, whose 1816 er- rails numismatic Fragments to Saxon. Ge- layer a nice example historical utilization. the Coin monuments offered, and as the son of the main state archivist Th. Erbstein, who has also proven himself as a numismatist, Julius Erbstein is practically involved in the cultivation of coin studies - born and has he them first and foremost, throughout life. back (through: yourself 'concerned be let, with. the younger brother ‘Albert Erbstein up to his death in the year. 1890 always in closest life and working group. Immediate after 'the' perfection of the academic studies the legal and 'History in 1862 by Baron von and to Aufsess in the management of the Germanic Museum: be- call and in it, — the older as Secretary General, the younger as conservator — active through a lustrum, until they get through the situation brought about by the German War of 1866 'nisse theirs Resignation in the wake had, ‘have. the young ones Brothers devoted themselves primarily to numismatic interests and initially in 1863 the directory of the property owned by the city of Nuremberg mountain located v. Peyer’s coin and medal cabinet delivered. And after a long period of private activity- ity, which occasionally occurs the classification the valuable :v. Roman collection of medieval coins in the Royal. Coin cabinet between Dresden: and the. Preparation of the directory

320 necrologist. nisses who is there resulting doublets (1875) unoriginal usefully put into public service in 1882 flowering of manhood again in an immediate secondary each other with the leadership of the Royal. collections of her father city, the older one of the Green Vault and the porcelain collection, the younger one the weapons collection and of the coin cabinet, the latter of which also subsequently was assumed to be the survivor, both of them, despite all the side of their official obligations and activities permanently their focus in their capacity as a numismatist find. Julius Erbstein probably has the Dresden Coin Cabinet so praised that there are no coins for the medieval coin series second collection, especially not the Berliners are competing with him could emulate, and that likes for a certain point in time had permission, and the Green Vault as that- that museum praised, which the greatest influence on the people exercise, and that too may be in the cash receipts his Justification find: anyway should his official position is inferior in its effects to that which which he did before this as a researcher and collector Unification of similar interests achieved. In 1873 he has the numismatic society in Dresden founded, whose head and soul he was until the end of his life, and In 1879 the German Coin Research Association found in him its eager most pioneer, as which he attended the five congresses in Leipzig (1880), Dresden (1881), Vienna (1883), Munich (1886) and Dresden (1891) in the first place. In this club He sought to lay the foundation for a numismatic activity Academy, which gives students the opportunity to study coins provide a scientific education and the numismatic writers of the prevailing fragmentation and care of coinology literature opposite a powerful central Publishing Institute become should. Heritage stone kicked with it the inheritance by the old master Grote on, who previously lived in Hanover for decades a corpus nu-

necrologist. 321 morum germanicorum wrestled; him he is too, than she dem Old people have become impossible, 1885 in the publication of the sheets for coin lovers as the association body of the German coinage researchers followed, which he took care of for twelve years and, after her 1897 his hands slipped away were, in which Coin and medal friend has an irregular succession let find. Your justification found these assigned to him Leading position in the exemplary validity of numerous magazines articles and independent monographs from the area of German coinage in the middle and modern times, equal to that of 1865 published Editing of the bracteate discovery from Trebitz, appearing almost continuously under the names of both brothers, not just many times through the excellence who on his own hand drawings based on illustrations, in which no one else can do it for them German coin researcher ever did the same, but consistently excellent at the same time the meticulous care of the description and the same time reserved and invading Meticulousness the declaration, using all the resources, in a rarely encountered one Mass created security for them against new treatment and opposition call. But despite the undisputed high ability has hereditary Stein not only didn't achieve his goal, but also by no means Step closer to him, and likes the unfavorability in return be jointly responsible for local and temporal conditions, like that it is too a personal moment at least in this respect decisive been, as the Erbstein brothers that of Grote delivered parts of the corpus numorum in your own work not a single one Piece added have. That will be the Collector on your conscience have, d. h. both your own Collection activity, which is currently purely privately employed excellent Achievements have had must, although they are currently still don't judge let, as well the constant pursuit of collecting interests, which the brothers Not only in the early days the Schulthess - Law collections berg, Schellhass and Leitzmann, but also in late ones

322 necrologist. The Engelhardt collection has been in auction catalogs for years process let, the Of course on. scientific discussions ments many things Excellent offer, but anyway Ver- increase directories stay with everyone their barriers and coincidences. And even about the production of the catalogs In addition, Julius Erbstein is constantly waiting for the elimination. commercial mediation was intended, like he that too Bookstore in the way of self-publishing tried to avoid it has been in order to ensure the sometimes important intermediate: to make profit useful for numismatic interests. As a result of the resulting increased overload and fragmentation Erbstein is responsible for dealing with the history of Saxon coins remained guilty. Let's hope that one these, because of her fundamental importance for all progress in our dis- zipline, his successor in administration from Dresden: Coin cabinets makes it a top priority and not her to him only made possible by examining Erbstein's overall position the representative one other subject transferred has, but him also positive for the solution the task equips, for which Julius Erbstein and his people presented many building blocks excellently prepared. Menadier. TE EEE | | | 1 I 4 1 1

Literature. The Greek coins of the Warren collection. Her- published by Kurt Regling. With 37 collotype plates. Text volume (VIII, 264 p.). Table book (37 plates). Berlin, print and publishing house by Georg Reimer, 1906. 4°, That from the ancient coins, which are in the coin trade today occur, a good portion ends up in America, is an act thing, with which we already have had to reckon with for some time. She can work, which like the Corpus Nummorum on it go out, the entire inventory of the material now available rials to record, become quite uncomfortable. So far had we only deal with European collections, now find There are a number of them in the United States of North America Art patrons who are unmeasured in a short span of time Having acquired riches and now setting an ambition for it, to make significant donations to public institutions; her have means, with which the best-paid public It is difficult to compete with traditional collections from the old world. About that, what ancient coins actually made their way across takes the ocean, very little has been known so far. Jonathan Edwards published a catalog of antiques in 1886 Coins published by Yale University. About the coin collection of the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston let the annual reports of the museum so much at least recognize that there very considerable funds are available for purchases. What in American private collections may reach, ent- is completely beyond our knowledge.

334 Literature. Under these circumstances it is a most welcome one enriching our numismatic literature, if us here the catalog of a private collection is presented, which in itself very interesting in its inventory, us at the same time an input gives an insight into the way in which collections are made for America. An American currently living in England, Mr. E.P. Warren, has in Lewes (Sussex) within a few years one stately collection Greek coins acquired, the ur- was originally intended to be given entirely to the museum of fine arts in Boston. Of the total, 1769 piece, but initially only reached Boston in 1315, 231 were auctioned by Sotheby Wilkinson & Co. in 1905, the rest remained in Lewes. Since the Warren collection their main holdings from the collection purchased in 1902 Greenwell owes has just her a short existence had. All the more grateful remains it, that the owner yourself ent- has closed, as long as the collection yet completely was, to gain a scholar who has undertaken it one everyone scientific Requirements appropriate Cataloging science to preserve what is now partly already again scattered been is. The task is in the placed in the right hands, in two handsome volumes catalog raisonne, in which all the important pieces of the collection also presented in illustration, the description is clear rails. In the external design of the catalog, Im- hoofs “Asian Minor coins” as a role model served, into the Corpus work become yourself these coin descriptions very can be easily inserted. If it was essentially art historical aspects, after those Greenwell once collected had, like that are the- same continued to be detained. Stand like that at Athenian silver money 51 pieces of various denominations old coinage (before 322 BC) 3 of the younger opposite; from the monotonous coin series of Byzantium is just the stater with £YN available. Most shiny is Syracuse. represent

Literature. 325 with 123 pieces, some of which are beautifully preserved, with very: Cyrene, Elis and Abdera appear in the rows. It was very grateful that Regling, where one and that others copy just inadequate received is, 'when dealing with writing better received specimens other collections used for supplementation; he had to expect it, that the Warren collection largely disperses again will. But regret cannot be suppressed; that no one has been found in England other than the Samm-+ Lung Greenwell came up for sale in 1902, she. for a public cial institute, be it a university or a college, er- advertised. The magnificent rows of electron imprinting, whose Greenwell took particular care to complete it let it be — there are 353 pieces — become those part of his collection, on which the numismatic collection will be based in the future research will often come back; she would have protected against it have to stay, to be scattered again; she has it for them Science formed the most important part of the Greenwell collection. A piece of absolutely outstanding historical inter- esse is that of Regling Vol. XXV p. 207 of this magazine. acted Stater (or actually tridrachm) from Byzantium, No. 486 of the Warren Collection. Not only that for them Coin remains from this city that are difficult to chronologically classify fixed point has been delivered, we also had to learn from it, that the cononic city association, which extends from the southwest corner of Klein- Asia went out, temporarily also on the European one mainland found a member. Probably know us the number of participating cities, of which are known so far had become: Ephesus, Samos, Rhodes, Knidos and Iasos, even now not complete. If Beloch, Greek business II 216, the sympathy for the opponents of Antalkidas peace relate would like, and under his reasons reflected Waddington's) dating is cited as having the League of Cities ı) Waddington, Revue num. 1863, 223. DBrandis, coin, measure and Weight beings 262. Hill, Historical Greek coins 26. Journal of Numismatics, XXVI. 22

326 Literature. lasted at most 2-3 years, but it is not true Apparently, the minting of the federal coin was only so short took time, like that lets vice versa the great rarity of these pieces, which are not complete in any of our public collections. numerous to own can boast on it close, that it is just an ephemeral phenomenon acts. It However, it should not be overlooked that that the more number of the trading cities represented in this league yet on For a long time, I stubbornly clung to the pattern that was once inherited. have held, like that that it already a special concession once was the snake-strangling Heracles boy was included in it. But we also need not to accept at all that the cities all at the same time alliance against Sparta. Byzantium, the 389th first joined will have been one of the last won. Berlin, March 1907. R. Weil.

The Lubnice find. (See Table II.) In the autumn of 1907, in Lubnice, 6 km from the Silesian town of Pitschen, but already beyond the Russian border, a large hoard of coins was raised, which was about a span high gray clay vessel from kept in a slender shape was. About 150 pieces of coins and one of the two found Cake-shaped guls kings were found by the authority delivered, the rest consisted of the second - unnamed neten — Silver cake in weight of 291 gr in the night recorded standing, after cleaning together 1904 gr weighing 1282 coins. The list') begins with the main mass of the find, the coins of the ARCHDIOSCOLOGY OF COLOGNE namely, excluding the pfennigs minted in Westphalia of the archbishops... Unfortunately there a reliable coin history This important area is still missing, so we have to essentially with the leadership from- Cappes more famous content with work. 1) When reproducing the data with the greatest possible accuracy Transcriptions are to achieve a better clarity just the Points highlighted where a piece differs from its predecessor. The coins with bold numbers are shown on Plate II. Journal of Numismatics, XXVI, »3

Peace Castle: Henry I 1225-38. . HAN—RIVS R/. & SINATRA —AOLONIA Sitting infulirter with r. staff, 1st book. X/. tower building with 2 flags. Raw embossing. C.X170. 2 pcs. — 2.85 gr. . HAIIRIA9— RAP R/. SANATR AOLONIR Similar like before. .R/. Two-pointed tower, in front of him Saint with 2 flags. C.X 171. 3 pieces, of which 2 = 2.8 grams. Konrad IL 1238-61. . * AOURAD-VS ALAUT X. SANATR AOLHMUR Sitting man bareheaded Archbishop with 2 flags. R/. Three-tower building C.XI175. 3 pcs —= 4.24 gr. . AONRADVS— R/. [SBNA]TAR AUBLONIA Sitting infiltrator n.l., r. Book, 1st staff. R/. Building with tower and 3 gates, 2 flags on top. C.XI 190. 1 piece = 1.42 gr. . %AONRARDVS-ARAHIAPU X. [SANA]TR ABLORIF Seated infiltrator, right. Staff, 1st book. R/. Three-towered Building with 2 flags. C.XI 176. 177 pieces, of which 86 —= 50.7; single: 1.39, 1.35, 1.17 gr. The embossing almost through- away carefully and petite, low Differences in Character which is usually somewhat incomplete font. At a few pieces have the stamp not the whole area hit. Strikingly few real varieties: . Like 5, but a cloverleaf instead of $. 1 pc . Like 6, but three rings instead of the cloverleaf. 1 pc . Like 5, but AORRAVS and ABLONRA u.l. in the field the R/. a ringlet. Maybe a supplement. 1 pc . Inscriptions as on 5, but incomplete. Halfling. 2 pcs. — 1.14 gr. . *& AORRFDVS-FZRAHIAPQA KR. & SIMATR AOLONIA Seated infiltrator, right. Staff, 1st book. Z/. Saint with 2 flags over a long building. C.XI182. 4 pieces — 5.6 grams. This one strikingly small denarius shouldn't be in

IE 12. 13, The Lubnice find. 329 Cologne itself, but in Westphalia, namely the building because of, which is similar to that of No. 46, be shaped in Soest (see No. 13). (Conradus)—AROHIAPA Mine DVa The same character as 10. Apparently on both sides Bishop's name. 1 piece = 1.4 gr. a —...dPpa RR...Dee. Seated infiltrator, right. Staff, 1st book. .R/. Above one Building a bust with 2 short lily sticks, whose Head is designed like a cross shield. C.XI. 195. 1 pc —=1.4gr. This coin is misread by Cappe and misinterpreted. My piece shows the specified book staves of the Z//. clearly, a little less than the A/., but They are also sufficiently clear to at least make COLONIA safe to exclude. Mr. Th. Kirsch, to whom I also work for his support at description of this find to thank you, think of the name of Saint Patroclus, the patron saint of Soest, and it is to admit that the building of our coins corresponds to the one under No. 46ff, described Conrad's most pennies resembles. But the N shines me in many cases repeated testing to clear than to deny it away or through dissolution could be interpreted away in AT. So it remains until it is discovered of a piece with a complete inscription only the - un- satisfactory - assumption that on both sides (cf. No. 11) UONRADVS stands. As for the representation of the R/. arrives, This explains the shape of the cross shield, the head shows, probably safe by the assumption that a helmet with Visor meant is; the iron cutter was not an artist, All shapes turned out to be unusually angular. & UORRA—DVS ARA R/. SINATRA — ABLHUA Ar. Sat AR pp ae 2 or men Serums on 23*

Peace Castle: Sitting Infulirter, r. Rod, 1st moon, above ball. R/. Building with a tower and 2 flags. 8 pieces - 10.1 gr The denarius is noticeably small, so the inscriptions are not there have completely found space on it, and thicker than that remaining. This and the circumstance that moon and sphere on No. 36 as a badge the mint Attendorn er- seem, leads to the assumption that No. 13 in this western Falian town is. The inscription of the A/. stands not against this: They also use it in Westphalia - written in two lines - Cologne city names many times on the coins (see No. 10). . &k AORRADVS—RRAHIAPA R/. SRNATA - AOLOHIR Sitting Infulirter, r. staff, 1st book, head to the right ge- turned. Z/. Tower building with two big ones three-arched goals, on it two flags. C©.XI191. 130 pieces, of which 25 - 36.0; single 1.42, 1.41 gr. This penny from very The delicate die cut is noticeably wider than the others Coins of Conrad. One part of the existing pieces is very fleetingly marked, so that many times just a part of Stamps - often irregular, distorted and shattered cracked - Schrötling (cf. No. 17). ' Transliterations and character as before. Halfling. 6 pieces, of which 4 = 2.4 gr. 'Without transliterations, Embossing like No. 14. quarter penny. 189.==0,tgr, Engelbert II 1261—74. . * ANGAUBART—VS ARAHIAPU | SANATR ABLONIA BRT— _—— | GLBRT— | BuEBORATE ri rn Seated infiltrator, right. Book, 1st staff. R/. Three-towered Building with 2 flags, underneath in the three-arch bust portrait of a saint with a short cross staff and key. C.XH 199. 546 pieces, of which 50 = 67.55; single 1.4, 1.37, 1.02 gr.

The Lubnice find. 331 Delicately drawn imprint, but strikingly skilful impressions gung. Only very few pieces have the entire stamp caught the plank, the vast majority only give parts the representation, a few turned out one-sided, one lacks any character at all. The plantains are also many times failed: informal, bulging, with cracks and holes enforced, which indicate this It seems that when the plate was cast the metal wasn't right flowed into one another (see No. 14). 17a. romanizations and embossing as before. Halfling. 3 pieces = 2.1gr. These pieces also show the same peculiarity The volatility of the coinage is like all the pennies. — The others on the Lower Rhine will follow first Pennies. AACHEN. Emperor Frederick II 1215-50. 18. [FRJIA—RIG - - - R/. IQVPAR ---- Sitting man crowned, r. lily scepter, 1. Imperial orb. R/. Three-towered building, with a lily in each side tower. Dannenberg in magazine. f. Numism. Vol. IS. 76 No. 12. 18t. 19. & *% FRID-ARIUI & R/. % INPARFTOR % Sitting man crowned, r. so-called rod scepter, 1st Reich apple. R/. Three-towered building, from the bust of one Crowned supported. Dannenberg a.a. O0. No. 10. 56 pieces, of which 15 - 20.15 gr. This penny is like his money connection with the following pieces proves younger than No. 18, the latter therefore contrary to Dannenberg's order prefixed here. All these coins are known embossed with stamps that are larger than the planchets, therefore the transcriptions are always incomplete. King William of Holland. 1247-50. 20. & FRID—ARIUI R/. WILUALNI RAX Mint like No. 19. Dannenberg a. a. O., 8. 77 No. 1.

Peace Castle: 11 pieces, of which 7= 9.6. Dannenberg's explanation of the Zu- meeting of the names of both emperors, one had in the Hurry for the recoinage one old main page stamp used, it seems, by the newly emerged Penny No. 24 eliminated. . K KARO—LI:. RAX - R/. Same as No. 20. Embossed like No. 19. Dannenberg a. a. O., 8. 77 No. 2. 15 pieces, of which 11 = 14.9. . Indistinct pieces: 20 or 21. 8 pcs. King Richard of Cornwall. 1257-60. . #RIQAH—ARDI R/. RIOHARDI RAX Stamp like No.19. Dannenberg a.a.0. 79, No.1. 33 pieces, of which 5 = 6.6 gr. EREEE—dRIA9 R/. RIOHRR - - : Embossed like No. 19. 1 p.—=1.25 gr. These except really important ones, already included in Lässig's findings - kicked, but in its description (Zeitschr. f. Num. Vol. 23 8.239 No. 97) reflects a coin that has remained undiscussed. First, as noted in No. 20, the assumption Dannen- mountains over the occurrence of the emperor's name the coins of his opposing kings. It's not quite true- Apparently you can use an old stamp twice more and should have needed again at such long intervals. But how else can this phenomenon be interpreted? The Er- clarification that the iron cutter has his ongoing appeal to express our devotion to the Hohenstaufen house want, would 100 years ago view with approval you have, today no more. I don't see anyone else way out as the assumption, that it is about a frozen one Characteristics (type immobilise), which not only represents the positions of both sides, but also the transcription of one Page captured has. The numbers 21 and 23 represent then the experiments, at least of this character to get rid of the outdated transcription.

The Lubnice find. 333 Indefinite. 25. k FARD—?9 RAX Rf. F.---RAIX 26. 27. Embossed like No. 19. 18t.—=1.4 gr. The coin is not, as one would believe at first sight, one in the font something wrong copy from Wilhelms Karl pennies, but as well that of the ordinary one Shape different cross on the building the R/., that moreover against the use before pushed the X has, proves, an independent character, apparently one Beischlag, whose homeland probably cannot be determined even then would be if the Vf. of the AR. would be completely readable. Man sees: our knowledge of the last Aachen Hohenstaufen coins is not yet as complete as it usually is happens, could pass them by carelessly. TRIER. Arnold II 1242-59. BARN—OLD EP R/. TREV—ERIS Infused chest picture, r. Staff, 1st book, n. 1. R/. buildings, an asterisk in the goal. Thomsen 5900. 4 very worn ones pieces, CLEVE. Count Dietrich V 1202-60 (or VI. 1260—75??) Kalkar. & TAODARIAI Rf. RR—-UR—-A:-—-- Bare-headed bust with rod scepter and lily. R/. Long twin crosshairs, alternating at the angles 3 balls and ball in a circle. Small, delicate penny Dutch style. 1 piece = 0.62 gr. We also conclude that the Rhenish ones are, if also in a broader sense, West German, the Dutch schen coins in the alphabetical order of the coins stands.

Peace Castle: BRABANT. Duke Henry II. 1235-48 or II. 1248-61. Bastogne Mint. 28. Rh DVAIS lion shield. R/. Cross with wide shanks kel, in the angles B-A-S-T. Thomsen 3714. 2 pieces = 1.09 gr. MONEY. Count Otto II 1229-71. Arnhem Mint. . OTTO AOMAS R/. ARRNAMAS Lion shield, curly head above. R/. Double eagle. Mader VI 38, v. d. Chijs I5. 6 pieces, of which 4 = 2.47 grams. Nymwegen Mint. eye R/. & - -- - [NVMAGA] NA Lion in the field strewn with shingles. R/. Eagle. 1 p. — 0.97, van.der Chüis I, 7, | HOLLAND. Count Floren III. 1157-90 or IV. 1223-34. . #5 FLORANS R/. HOLLANTI Head to the right XR/. Small twin crosshairs. 35 pieces, of which 7 = 4.05. ÜTRECHT. Bishop Henry I 1250-67. Deventer Mint. . HANRIQVS R/. & D--AVA--WT-RIAR Infulirtes bust portrait, r. staff, 1st book. Ay. Long twin crosshairs, at the angles «X -0-P-A. Mader VI,44. 5 pieces - 3.12 gr. Ütrecht Mint. . HANRIAVS Rf. & TRAIAOTVM Infused chest picture, r. Staff, 1st book, n.l. R/. Cross with branch-like arms. 5 pieces = 3.12 gr.

The Lubnice find. 335 Now follow the Westphalian ones Coins. Here stands the so-called Cologne Duchy of Westphalia with its alphabetically ordered mints first, then come the other coin stands are also in alphabetical order. ATTENDORN. Archbishop Engelbert I 1216—25. 34. & ANGALBARTVS ARA | K RDDANDARRRIR. AIVIERS | NaARRINE Le07 | NEChS | NR 0-39 | NDORNEA: —___ 5 = @1uB | NDERR -- - -. | > 2GOHBARTIVS AR “2-3 WARRA - OVMIORS Sitting man infiltrator, r. staff, 1st book, about it Moon. R/. Behind a wall with a gate bust portrait of a saint with 2 flags. Mader V 81, C. X 167, Weingärtner, West falen 70. 30 pieces, of which 12 with incomplete recordings fonts 7 p.m. = 222. 35. * ANGALBA—RTVS ARA KR. SANATVS PATR9Y AP Rf. :--:RVS RPOSTOLV- Embossing like No. 34. 2 pcs. Although the city name not mentioned and the stamp resembles that of the Cologne pfennig No. 10 is similar, the home of this coin is probably not be doubtful. Archbishop Konrad. 1238-61. 36. KÜORRADVS-NRAHIAPC | K RDDANDARR-R-AIVIERS Sitting infiltrator, head half left, r. Book, 1st staff. R/. Tower building with 2 flags and 2 crosses, in the goal Moon, above ball. CO. 670,672. Wine. 73. 7 pcs, of which 4 = 4.95; single 1.45, 1.32 gr. 37. K AORR-ADVS APC Rp.” U-RD +...»

Peace Castle: Stamping like No. 36, but slightly different drawing. 1:8. = 12 7, A third probably attendorner character s.a. under No. 13. BRILON. Archbishop Engelbert Il. 1261—74. . * ANGIULBART—VSALAATVS KR/. BRIGLBEN-AHIAH jr BAT—VS Ry. Sitting infiltrator n.l., r. Book, ]. staff, Z/. tower Building with 2 flags and 2 crosses, from the bust of a saint supported. Wine. 64. 8 pcs. = 10.05 gr. The letters following the city name are comfortable just filling space without meaning, like nothing like that in Westphalia is just rare (see No. 39). . *& AUNGALBEARD— VS AROHIAPGA ZR/. S-BRIGLON-AHR r@AB ea Embossed like No. 38. Cap XII 200. Wine. 66. 9 pcs, of which 9 —= 6.8; 3 = 3.62.£r, . *dNGALBART— VS ARAHIAPA A/. S-BRIGLON-AHA Embossed like No. 38. Half pieces. 2 pieces = 1.17 gr. . * ANGAUBAR—[TVS ARAHIA]PQA Z/. S BRIGLON Zf. like 38. R/. Bust of a saint with 2 flags in the middle of a two-towered building 1 piece = 1.4 gr. SCHMALLENBERG. Archbishop Engelbert. 1261—74. . *ANGALLBARTV]—S AROAHIAPA RX. SMALANB Embossing like No. 38. Cap XII 201. Wine. 76. 1 Dt = 1.95 gr, SOEST. Archbishop Konrad. 1238-61. . AONR[AD9 APQA] R/. & [SVSARUR AIVITAS Bareheaded man sitting, r. Lily stick, l. Book. R/. tower building with 2 flags. Cap 1310, 1311, Wine. 34. 18, — l32pr,

ner van etc 44. 46. 47. 48. 49, The Lubnice find. 337 % AOUR ADVS Ri. & S-PRTR-OAUVS BAVS NO a ar on... MH Seated infiltrator, right. Staff, 1st book. A/. Bust portrait of Saint with lance and palm tree over wall, in its gate the Soest city sign (keyhole?). C. XI 184, wine. 30. 17:88... of which 11 = 14,255 5 = 619. . Hälbling with mostly extinct inscriptions and the same character as No. 44. Wine. 32. 2 pcs.=1,Q gr. & OONRA—DIAPQA KR. S-PATR—-OALVS —_ NO... P.O Bf Embossed like No. 44, but the saint over a building building with the city symbol in its gate. C. XI 183, W. 30. t2° St, thereof 9—= 1147 4=520r - AONRA-DVS APS R/. S-PATRO-ALVS aPA ARf --- TROAL----- = AONRR-DVS ARC Rf. ++ -- N. BR Bern -RONVS Both pieces have the same character as No. 46, but of a firmer cut, the letters more compact and that Smaller format, so some of the inscriptions were missing are. The distribution of the individual copies on both Numbers that differ in this way that No. 48 too adds the name Patronus to the name of the saint therefore uncertain. 13 pieces, of which 7 = 7.05; 6 = 17.47 gr. Two possibly also Soest stamps are above discussed under Nos. 10 and 12. ARNSBERG. Count Gottfried. 1235-37. #* GODAFRI—DVS AOM Ry. k ARUASBARIA- AIVITAS warn R—I-_ Bi ze a de

Peace Castle: Seated crowned man with 2 flags. R/. Tower building with 2 flags. Mader V.84, wine. 107. 12 pieces, of which 8 - 8, Dead, CORVEY. Abbot Themo. 1254-75. Volkmarsen Mint. . *TAMO—ABAT R/. *& VOLAMARSAR AVITAI Seated infiltrator, right. Staff, 1st book. R/. Three-towered Building above an arch decorated with rings, inside florets. 2 pieces = 2.25 gr. Archbishop Konrad of Cologne. 1254-56. AONRA— .--- R/. SB|NA|TV|S-VIITVI|S The seated archbishop with ? and cross staff. A. The standing saint with cross and lily. 1 piece = 1.07 gr. Volkmersen Mint. . % QONRA—DVS APC Rf. VOLAMARSAÄN AVITRA RF AIVI The seated archbishop, r. Chalice, 1st book. ZR/. three- towered building with 3 gates. Cappe, Corvey No. 18 fg., Wine. II 13. 5 pieces = 6.50 gr. Bishop Simon of Paderborn. 1254-59. . # SMOR-—APISU’ .XKf. like 51. The seated bishop, r. Staff, 1st book. R/. like No. 51. Cap No. 26 (Plate XII 33). 1 piece = 1.15 gr. DORTMVND. Emperor Frederick II 1212—50. R/. &# TIREM]ANI[R] - -- The seated emperor with cross scepter and imperial orb. R/. Twin crosshairs, at every angle a ball cross chen. A. Meyer, Mzn. the city of Dortmund No. 26. 1 pc == 1.22 ae

The Lubnice find. 339 King Richard of Cornwall. 1257-60. 55.RICR— RARE... -- R/. [TRAMAJUR—AIVI 56. 57. ö8. The king sitting on a bench with an imperial orb and Lily scepter in one square placed on top. R/. In the same square there is a tower building. Ibid No. 23 106 L42ın GEISMAR. Archbishop Werner of Mainz. 1259-84. * WARNhA—RVS ARC’ Rf. * GASMARIA AIVITAI The seated archbishop, r. Rod, I. Palme. ZY/. gable Building with 2 towers, on the top of the gable the wheel. ES = 10% or. HELMERSHAUSEN. Abbot Konrad, after 1220. %* AONRA—DVSAB R/. * HAUMWARDASHVSANA The sitting one abbot, r. staff, 1. Key. Z/. tower building with 2 flags and 2 gates. Mader V 73. 2 pcs. =.2.0gr. LIP. Count Bernhard III 1229-65. %* BARNHARDVS DNS ZR/. WUIPPIR AIWVITAS BAR * BARNARDVD R/f. Teen Bf ZUPETIS OIMIEP: Above a triangle in which the formed from 6 balls lip rose, Bust portrait in the bare head with lance and Sword. R/. Three-tower building. Mader V85. Grote, Lippe coin box No. 25. 6 pieces, of which 5 = 6.35 gr. are BEBE..0 > OLE Embossed like No. 58, but from different cut and instead of the rose, 4 balls were placed in the cross for a fifth sets. 1 piece = 1.32 gr. Apparently a supplement to No. 58,

340 Peace Castle: but where minted? Unfortunately, the ones that follow BR are leftovers the transcription unclear. Man thinks involuntary on Konrad and Brakel: but for the assumption that the Cologne Archbishop of this name in the Paderborn town coined has, as far as I can see, lacks any support. Brilon is also probably excluded. Blomberg Mint. BARNHARD R/. BOOM BREAK Crowned head. R/. Two-towered buildings, before that Shield with the rose. This the English sterling (cf. No. 83) faithfully imitating shapes like Grotes No. 24. 9. 109s. 60 MARK. Count Engelbert II 1249-77. Iserlohn Mint. 61. K ANGALBARTVS A R/. LEN AIVITAS Sitting man crowned, r. sword, 1. Lily n.r. Xf Tower building with 2 flags. The transcriptions are over- | all only to the smallest extent on the very small scrap | ling came. 3 pieces = 3.9 grams. A fourth piece is a | failed on one side, so that the representation the Z/. on the R/. appears deepened. | 62. Like 60, only the count n. 1. turned. Mader 190. 3 pcs 63. ANGA -- +. - Rf. uncertain remains of writing. The seated crowned count with scepter and imperial apple in a square placed on its tip. Z/. tower building in the same square. 1 piece = 1.3 gr. Ge- close imitation the No. 54 and probably the most valuable piece of the find. Because until recently no one was known Brandenburg replica of a nearby coin coin-rich city of Dortmund, like Kirsch in Berl. Coin sheet N. F. Vol. 3 8. 2 upon publication of an iserlohn supplement

UH ! 64. 65. 67. 68. The Lubnice find. 341 blow to a Dortmund pfennig of King Ludwig IV expressly highlighted. But our penny is half a penny Century older and like that one, probably also in Iserlohn shaped, although the remains the transcription on the Z/. there is nothing to be seen that points to this name. MUENSTER. Bishop Ludolf, 1226-48. -+:DOL--- &f. 5. PIAVIL9 The sitting one Bishop with staff and book. ARf. head of Saint Paul, next to it is a sword. 1 pc OSNABRÜCK. Bishop Bruno. 1250-58. Ay. completely extinguished. ZR/. OSAMN---- head of the saint Peter, key next to it. Cappe, Münster etc. w. VI, 10. 1 pc PADERBORN. Bishop Simon I 1247-77. . SIMON: ---- Rf. --- LIBORIV The seated bishop, bareheaded, with his right hand blessing, in the left a book. R/. In one of two towers flanked gable bust portrait of a bishop with staff and book. Cap a. a. 0. IX 8. 1 piece = 1.42 gr. Brakel Mint. *k MONA—TA IIB KR. & BR [ARALA AI VITASI The seated bishop with 2 cross staffs. Z/. church gable with 2 towers, inside coat of arms.e. Mader V66. 1 piece 1.02 gr. & SIMON A—PISAOP Ar. AL AVITRS:--- The seated bishop, r. Rod, l. Book. R/. Two-towered buildings, in it Lily.e. 1 piece = 125 gr. After Brakel heard maybe also number 59 of ours find, like there is noticed.

342 69. 0. 11. 72. Peace Castle: Büren Mint. %* SIMON—APISUOP R/.#BVRAN [AIVITAS] BARTOLD The seated bishop with staff and lily scepter half- left. R/. tower between 2 flags on a bow, underneath the coat of arms from Buren. Cap 8. 91 No. 23. 1 piece - = 1.2 gr. Probably a community coin from the bishop and Mr. Berthold von Büren. %* SIMON-—APISABP R/. BVRAN AWITAS OR The seated bishop n. 1., r. Book, ]. Rod. Z/. three- towery Building with a gable, in it wheel. Cap IX 10. 2 BL. 2.2E17. Paderborn Mint. & SIMON—APISAO Rf. *# PADARBORU 234, BE RPADR: aIVI The seated bishop, r. Staff, 1st book. R/. Three-towered Building. Weingärtner, Paderborn 17. 2 pieces = 2.6 gr. Warburg Mint. > SIMON—APISA Ki 2 WART BROH QIVITAS D . R R/. GIVIT 2 RF { 4] The sitting one bishop, r. staff, 1. Cross. R/. three- towered building with lily in it. Cap IX 13, Wine. I8. D nt. — 5.99 grams. Unknown mint. . & SMON-APISUAO ARf. H AIVITAS ARlda The seated bishop, r. staff, 1st book. Af. three- towered building on a sheet, with a cross underneath. 1 piece—= 1.15 gr. The assumption it could be on the Rf. the Driburg mint will perhaps be called more nor by the clear & than by the consideration that the name but probably before AIVITAS stand would have to, out- closed.

74, 76. HE 18. The Lubnice find. 343 FOREST DECK. Count Adolf, 1214—70. Corbach Mint. "cr. IN A R/. [AJORBAR square around a ringlet, therein point. A/. cross, in a ringlet in every corner. 1 piece = 1.17 gr. The imprint like Grote, Coin history from Waldeck (coin studies, Vol. 5. 102. 10.), but there the inscription reads Z/. Moneta Adulfi, while Moneta in Corbek should probably be added here. This essentially consists of West German coins standing main mass of the find close yourself the few remaining German Embossing on, initially four Pfennigs of the Margraves of BRANDENBURG. Otto IV 1266—1308. . The seated margrave with 2 swords. Z/. twin crosshair, in the corners Cross. Bahrfeldt 205. 3 pcs Albert III 1267—1300, The winged margrave. R/. Eagle shield between 2 towers over a wall, in the gate of which A. Ibid. 230. 1 pc Second half of the 13th century. The seated margrave with 2 keys. R/. From 5 crosses formed cross, a moon in each corner. Ibid. 333, 1 pc The standing margrave with 2 swords behind wall ' between 2 towers. X/. Helmet over tower building, in whose Gate Adlerkopf. Ibid. 573. 1 pc As the last German coin and the only representative of South Germany, a pfennig from the Dukes of Journal of Numismatics, XXYI, 24

344 Peace Castle: MERANIA. 79. Shapeless lion n.l. striding. The imprint the .Ay. extinguished. Oberm. IX 26, fic. 34, 35. 1 pc The only foreign coins are seven Sterlinge from ENGLAND. Henry II 1216-72. 80. NIAOLA ON ARNT 1:86 81. WILLAM ON CANT }with scepter 2 pcs. 82. RIASRU OUDV 1$t. 83. ION ON ONAAaATRA without scepter 1 pc 84. 85. Embossed and indistinct. 2 pcs. We have in, our finds apparently the cash register one Cologne merchant in front of us, like the amount of coins As can be seen from Engelbert II, not long after the government When this prince of the church took office (1261) he left his homeland will be broken. The time of burial is determined by the Brandenburg ones Pennies No. 75 and 76 to go something closer to the year 1267. The rest too found comrades, in particular the Westphalia, show approximately at the same time and prohibit one essential later arrival setting. However, Menadier has in his description of the Finds by Lässig and Hirschfelde (Zeitschr. f. Num. Vol. 23 p. 222) the beginning the embossing Albrecht III of Branden Castle, which is represented in our find with number 76, only dates back to 1283 set, apparently because Albrecht had been with his until this year brothers ruled together. But these - as far as I can tell - can provide: position not represented elsewhere is probably not sound; because I see no reason why together Ruling princes should not each have their own influence allowed. In addition, the embossed images of the so far generally show to Albrecht given Pennies at mints, they don't belong to the parts of the country, with those he resigned in 1283 E EN

The Lubnice find. 345 became; in particular will ours No. 76 (Bahrf. 230). Brandenburg placed. At worst would still be to raise the question of whether the A of No. 76 really is Name Albrecht means: straight this letter occurs often not as the beginning of a name but in another, us Of course, mostly unknown meaning. Be that as it may like, this single penny is no reason to spoil our find To make him 20 years younger than his other stock shows and changes it also the circumstance nothing, that us 150 pieces of found companions are missing, since this small, randomly The fraction used certainly does not show any other composition would have, than the vast majority of the rest. But that for example, the bars were melted from lots of younger coins, In all seriousness, no one will be able to interject any more than you can but just now the coins in circulation to store and the older ones had caused to melt. What else? the finds from Lässig and Hirschfelde arrives, like that points their content also apart from dem be- spoken Albrechtspfennig to a later burial time there. They are related to ours in that as both if ingots in shape rawer Silver cake and West German Coins included: Casual 28, Hirschfelde 8 Westphalia and Dutch, Lässig also 18 English. But those are just vanishing amounts compared to the main mass of both finds, which consists of thousands of Brandenburg pfennigs, next to it also numerous bracteates exists. Those are i.e. domestic finds with little foreign admixture, but the Lubpyice find is an import find. As such it is, if not the oldest, like that anyway a very early monument to the cloth trade between Silesia on the one hand, Cologne and the Netherlands on the other- on the one hand, a monument that represents the still sparse written works of that time effectively complemented by relevant sources, as stated elsewhere will be conducted (Silesia's Prehistoric Period N.F. Vol. 5.) Another one give ours very significant importance Finds the two bars, of which unfortunately only one was 24*

346 Peace Castle: has been saved. It's only recently, thanks in particular special the efforts of Menadier, on these strange ones Means of payment more attentive become’), the partly for sale avoiding losses when exchanging pennies, some were used to conveniently carry large sums of money. One These bars did not represent a specific value, their fineness but corresponded where pure silver was not exactly common, the price of the current common silver, but at times was subject to considerable fluctuations. Our piece shows after the line a fineness of around 800 Ts. occasionally- Of course you have the legality of the fineness through on- pressing the stamp of the mint, a city, too have it certified by a goldsmith, but the unstem- pelt pieces are at least the more common ones at the moment and both Species have traded side by side without distinction, like the discoveries and the equality of silver, that there draws or drawing worth, in Silesian documents from 1455 and 1460 prove. So far these bars have only been found from the 13th and 14th centuries, of those the ours is the oldest. But it also contains the hacking silver finds of the 10th and 11th centuries — so much known: only unmarked ones — similar casting lumps, those man the The same assessment cannot be withheld, since it is ours Word “Mark” the high one Dude of use, Silver pieces through a trademark, a sign, to make it fit for circulation. It is therefore to be hoped that that we have more pieces like this become known over time. Deserved as an oddity in the history of money and coins also the extremely fleeting, at least to me to this degree and size of the Engelberts coin, which has never been seen before penny No. 17 Attention. You search there involuntarily an explanation that perhaps suggests itself in the assumption that 1) Cf. especially Menadier in the year of Prov. Museum in Han- November 1907, 8.77, also Friedensburg in Schles. Mzgesch. in the Middle Ages, pp. 24, 61. eat re T EE TE EE EN As

The discovery of Lubnice, 347 Merchant still have a moment before his departure one for yourself have the number of pennies minted, in their production as a result due to the necessary haste with which the Cologne coin would otherwise drawing accuracy and cleanliness. But Konrad No. 14 also shows the same appearance, what this assumption not just supported. Subsequently experience I from Mr. Menadier, that the archbishops of Cologne in the 13th century A kind of Kipper coin was maintained at times in the 19th century: You might then want to attribute these striking pieces to her be. Take us to that All the abundance is rarer, yes previously completely unknown characteristics, in view of which we need bare edits the Cologne and Westphalian coin layer doubly painfully miss, so will we ours Confident find one of the most interesting phenomena of its kind can count. Dr. F. Friedensburg.

Coin history of the county of Holstein-Schauenburg. (See Tables III—VII.) In the pages for coin lovers no. 67 of April 1, 1878 shares Dr. jur. Hermann Grote (Col. 555) with, that yourself under his work also includes a monetary history the county Schauburg in the Middle Ages located. Since he also experienced have that university council Th. Wolff in Göttingen a gift layer of theSchauburgische Mints and mint master edited have, like that float him the plan a collaboration The two works are combined, but then one is missing complete monetary and coinage history of the county third part: the list of coins from the beginning to Extinction of the Count's House. If someone already has one of these finished or have the desire to make it, then the task should be given to him acceptance as third in the alliance will be granted with pleasure. However, no such third party was found at the time. It's only recently that I am now through my from the Studies based on Hessian numismatics about the coin story the county of Schaumburg Hesse share and 'the county (the later principality) of Schaumburg - Lip to this stimulated been, one Compilation the Countish Schauburg style before the division of the county to company. When I occasionally read the above request, I sincerely regretted that I wasn't able to do that at the time I was obliged to comply with it. Because it would be understandable to me EE TEA EE EN EE LE NERTER

Weinmeister: Coinage history of the county of Holstein-Schauenburg. 349 In a way it was a great honor to be associated with both of them excellent Numismatists Grote and Wolff one such to do work, and moreover the effort would be considerable for me It would have been less, since only part of the work was done by me. would fall. But maybe, I thought it was still possible lich, ;the after the information Grotes back then already manufacture To find work and one I have already started Compilation of coins connect. This hope Unfortunately, it has largely proven to be deceptive. After From all indications, the two manuscripts could only be similar Properties of the Royal University Library in Göttingen find, and this has, partly with the kind help of the Lord District Judge Otto Wolff of Göttingen, a son of deceased a researcher, in a grateful way the striking manuscripts picked out and the local university versity library for my use sent. But it In both cases it was not a matter of finished work; only about - sometimes even quite small - beginnings to this, in Grote's case, of course, according to his statement above, only those which concern the Middle Ages; was merely a heraldic part quite worked out. Since I also from Göttingen from be- It was confirmed that the entire unpublished manuscript Both researchers' estates are in the possession of the local library. thek has passed over, you can use it to srolsen parts negative result with regard to one handwriting can only be achieved in this way clarify that Grote about Wolff's work but not exactly was directed, by this one she had just started and due to his illness, which began in 1878, on July 11th led to his death in 1879, to continue the work been prevented is. By the way, around Easter 1879 he wrote in magazine mentioned that he had such an essay “in progress” have. But also Grote muls with his thoughts about the Monetary history ofSchauburg the facts a little ahead of schedule be. He probably had the plan and content completely in mind head and thought of a quick write-up.

350 Wine master: The death of Wolff then apparently dissuaded him the The thing had lost its appeal for him. He has it around though survived almost sixteen years, but back when he received that invitation ration be issued liels, stood he was already 76 years old, and in the period from around 1881 until his on March 3, 1895 er- Following deaths his pen has rested. If I it anyway undertook to publish clarification of a Schauburg coin history to the extent that as the old master Grote planned it, to try that's how I am I am well aware of the boldness of my undertaking. I believed but on the other hand, that the occasion was given here, those two handwritten drafts can be used by the public do, than me them with the materials I collected processed as far as it was possible given her sketchiness, . and the parts that were completely edited by me alone. So is then in hopefully usable form the Plan Grotes been realized after just thirty years. Very important news that particularly makes the... Information in Wolff's draft was corrected several times, some of which have been significantly supplemented, I have taken from the extensive coin collections files of the prince Velvet Archives to Bückeburg scooped, whose Usage the princely Schaumburg - Lippe Ministry made possible for me in the most willing way. I am named ministry for this to a very special honor offer thanks obliged. For the coin descriptions used I the known ones Works by Köhler, Madai, Weise, Götz, Appel, Neumann, Weingärtner et al., further the collection directories of Bretfeld, Thott, Reichel, Welzl v. Wellenheim, v. school hefs-Rechberg, Thomsen, Benzow, Reimmann and Saurma. Other works can be found in the text or in notes on the relevant relevant places expressly stated. Except numerous I also have many auction and storage directories some essays in magazines to advise pulled. From the latter I call: Leitzmann, Numismatic newspaper (especially year-

r Adolf IL, Count of Holstein-$ | — 2. Adolf IL. 1130-4 3: Adolf II. Are eu 4a. Conrad 1. 1225-38. — 5a. John I 1239-59; — since 1259 Henry I; 6a. Gerhard II 6b. Adolf VII (at Pinnebergu line line (to Plön) ur 2 en. 'Mobniele- 1290-1312. 7. Adolf VIII 1315-5 Kin en i to Kiel), (to Rends ———— extinguished (castle), Ge 1390. extinguished RR ee 1459, | em 12a. Adolf XI 126. Eric 13. Otto IL, Wed 146474. 1464—92, 14921510 4 16a. Adolf XII 16b. Je (to Pinneberg) (to Biel 1531-44. 1533-

jesSchauenburg. 0-55. — urg 1106-30. _—— 539. Ben ) 1239-90. nn lSchauburg) 1290-1315. 'Otto I 1370-1404. I ). Adolf X 1404—26. and nn l. Otto II 1426-64. ns) m nn Anton I 14b. John IX 1510—27. 10-26. PR: Mm y 15. Justus I 1527-31. —_—— — in X 16c. Otto V (of Pinneberg) Justus II, Lord of Gehmen. castle) 1533 — 76. . ———___e Te —— 17. Adolf XIII 18. Ernst III. Henry X George Hermann Herman II 1576-1601. to Saxony- — PENSIONS to Saxony- hagen and 19, Justus 20. Otto VI hagen. Bokeloh Hermann 1635-40. 1595—1622, 1692235. to Pinneberg 1601-22. u ——————6—6—6L———————————— ® Holstein-Schauenburg, extinct in 1640.

Coin history of the county of Holstein-Schauenburg. 351 passage 1852); Grote, coin studies; Numismatic-sphragistic scoreboard; Weyl, Berlin coin sheets; Joseph, Frankfurt coin sheets and coin newspaper; Sheets for coin enthusiasts; Magazine for Numismatics (herein especially the essay, XXI, 1898, pp. 118-167, by P. J. Meier: On medieval history and Coin history the Lower Elbe); Notices out dem Altona Museum (in particular the essay, 1902, Booklet 4 and 5, by Dr. Lehmann: The CountsSchauburg Mint in Altona). The most important help for the coin section descriptions have but I have several collectors and museums by showing me their possessions- Burgenian coins immediately or through prints and prints pours accessible made. Tireless were loyal helpers the gentlemen Dr. med. A. E. Ahrens of Hamburg and V. Hohl- Feld zu Cotta near Dresden, I was also given plenty of information support of the gentlemen go. Medical Councilor Professor Dr. med. A. Heller zu Kiel, customs secretary G. Hoecke to Bergedorf and J. Schwabe zu Hanau, I also received kindly lasted impressions of the gentlemen Dr. phil. H. Buchenau to Weimar, State Councilor Dr. Kayser zu Münster, engineer Chr. Lange to Berlin, E. Lejeune to Frankfurt a. M., L. Carpet too Hamburg et al. Numerous impressions could be made I in the coin collection of the local university, and also in the warehouse from the company Zschiesche &köder in Leipzig I some variants discovered. From museums, which is ready for me want casts defected, name me especially the city sche museum to Altona, that Royal Coin cabinet to Berlin, the ducal coin cabinet to Gotha, the collection exhibition in the Kunsthalle in Hamburg, the Royal Museum Fridericianum in Kassel, the Royal Coin and Medal Collection Collection in Copenhagen and the collection in the Imperial Hermitage in St. Petersburg. For me so many I hereby express my sincere support for the help provided on these pages Thanks from. In order to be as complete as possible in the descriptive part of my work

352 Wine master: In order to achieve stability, I completed a sum- Marin overview of the described coins autographed and on 14 foreign collectors, 16 board members public collection lungs and 17 coin shops were sent with the request to Let me know any varieties or vintages you see. This request is more grateful way many times been complied with; as far as it didn't happen is, I can probably assume, that none Gaps have been discovered. In particularly rare ones For the pieces reported to me, I have stated in which collection e.g. Z. are located. In the description of the coins I have to take care of that Not at all become too extensive to be as short as possible wrong. A precise distinction between all different stamps In addition, given their extremely large number, the excess would impaired visibility and was therefore useless lich. This is especially true of the diversity of characters setting (periods and colons), which I have to do out of necessity, but also, with a certain justification, completely unconsidered. left visible. Every piece that is in front of me is true has, described with punctuation, that actually points; but such pieces, the just in this or in others completely inconsequential little things deviate from this, I have then omitted. By taking her in, I would only have the all- well-known fact confirmed that the soft stamps of the back then time, especially there temporarily en masse shaped was worn out extremely quickly and replaced more often with new ones replaced will mulst. In many pieces it was I certainly do just on descriptions instructed, especially not in older works are always completely sufficient and reliable. The drawings and to for the most part too the plaster I made casts for the illustrations myself. May my work be kindly received and indulgent Find an assessment! Leipzig, October 1907. Paul Weinmeister. N RLE E.B EE E F TEA T EN

Coin history of the county of Holstein-Schauenburg. 353 I. Historical overview. The story the county of Schauburg begins with Adolf von Sandersleben, the one for reward more personal Services to Emperor Conrad II from the latter in 1030 Knighted at the Reichstag in Minden and made Imperial was appointed count, by the emperor with his from Father inherited goods and the countries between the porta Westphalia and the Deister mountain ridge, which he made one Imperial County ofSchauenburg rose. This county surrounds mainly the areas of today's principality Schaumburg Lippe (Offices Stadthagen, Bückeburg, Arensburg and Hagenburg), the one now Prussian Province Hesse- Nassau belonging county Schaumburg Hessian share (Amts Schaumburg and Rodenberg) and which now belongs to the Prussian The offices of Mesmerode and Lachem, which belong to the province of Hanover. Count Adolf, died at an old age in 1055 and lived in Minden buried on the Werder, built soon after its elevation to the imperial count the Schauburg castle on the Nessel- mountain, a foothills of the Paschenberg. The oldest documents only know the name Scowenborg, and already Lerbeck, the around 1400 wrote, explained the name castrum Scowenborg with the words: quod speculationis castrum interpretatur. Those later Official but incorrect spelling Schaumburg shows coins first the stamp of the year 1622 on the death of Ernst III On the other hand has itself the shape ofSchauburg on coins until Received in 1677. The main castle the count came to Hesse-Kassel in 1640, 1866 to Prussia and is on April 16, 1907 as a gift from German Emperor into possession of the prince to Schaumburg- Lip passed over. About the succession of Count Adolf there is nothing precise known, just a Georg vonSchauenburg, that maybe be

354 Wine master: Son and successor is mentioned in the history of the Ascanians Counts called as married with Barbara, one daughter Werner, brother of Albrecht the Bear. 1. Count Adolf I of Holstein-Schauenburg (1106-30), perhaps a grandson of that Adolf, died on November 13th around 1130 and to Minden buried in the Benedictine monastery on the Werder, probably. with Hildewa(?), died on February 10th after 1131, — received shortly after November 2, 1110 by Duke Lothar of Saxony the counties of Holstein and Stormarn and conquered Wagria. The country increase included Holstein (between Eider and Stör), Stormarn (between Elbe and sturgeon) as well as Hamburg and Wagria (Ostholstein to the Baltic Sea) along with Lübeck. 2. Count Adolf II. (1130-64), Son of the previous one, born fall in the fight against the Obotrites at Verchem on July 6th 1164 and buried in Minden, probably before 1158 with Mechthilde from Thuringia, died 1191 or 1192, - initially ruled under maternal guardianship. To the government reached built he In 1143 the city of Lübeck, which had been destroyed by the Rugians in 1138, was restored on. Because his partisanship for the Guelph Heinrich den became proud he from Emperor Conrad III. from his Holstein expelled from French countries, returned, however, when the war fortune turned in his favor, to his northern possessions back and only had to go to Lübeck, that a lot happened during the war suffered had, 1158 to Henry the lion relinquish (Schlegel in his Episiola ad Schmidium perseripta: Lubecam a. 1143. condere coepit et combustam Henrico Leoni concession). 3. Count Adolf Illustrated (1164-1225), son of the previous, born around 1160, died on January 3, 1225 and to Loccum be- dig, presumably firstly with Adelheid, daughter of Otto Count von Assel, died on December 25, 1185, second before May 1189 with Adelheid, daughter Burchard's Count of Querfurt, died on April 6th or 7th after 1201, — ruled until 1175 under maternal legal guardianship, then independent. Initially a federal As a comrade of Henry the Lion, he got into an argument with him in 1180 and was from him expelled from Holstein. After the sub-

Coin history of the county of Holstein-Schauenburg. 355 However, Henry was thrown under Emperor Frederick I in 1181 Adolf his countries back. Around 1186 founded Adolf Neu- Hamburg; He entrusted the execution to Wirad of Boyceneburg, the he through a certificate authorized to do so. In this one heal it: Ego Adolfus, dei gratia comes Wagrie, Holtsacie et Stormarie, =. ...% notum eat volumus tam praesentibus quam futuris, Wiradum de Boyceneburg 'urbem Hamburg tuxta Alstriam sitam et terram proximam urbi libere in- colendam sub iure fori usque ad. medium rivi Alstrie hereditary iure suscepisse a nobis, ut ibidem ab eo suis- que cohabitatoribus, Quos üÜlice adduwerit, aptus satis por- tus hominibus de multis circumquaque locis venientibus efficiatur. Adolf took part in Frederick I's crusade in 1189. To He received news from Tire that Henry had given him his once again I have robbed countries; therefore returned he soon went to German land back, and he managed the stolen lands back to conquer. After one He was involved in the second crusade (1197). war with Denmark, who gave him 1201 into captivity brought enemies. He was only able to regain his freedom in 1203 by to acquire that, dals he all requirements on his Nordic Countries renounced under oath. He then retired to his hereditary Schauburg returned. 4. Count Konrad I (1225-38), died between January 14th 1237 and July 14, 1238 and in the Cistercian monastery buried in Rinteln, — and Count Adolf IV. (1225-39), died on July 8, 1261 as a Franciscan monk to Kiel and there dig, probably around 1223 with Hedwig, Daughter of Hermann von der Lippe, died around 1250 as a nun, - sons of his second marriage previous, ruled together, but Adolf seems to be the one to have actually led the government. This conquered in 1224 (shortly before to death his father) the Holstein countries back and claimed it, although Emperor Otto IV and Kaiser Frederick II had confirmed their possession of Denmark. The one from

356 Wine master: captured by his ally Count Heinrich von Schwerin in 1223 The captured Dane King Waldemar II had to vow to conquer the German to renounce one's own possessions. Nevertheless, Denmark tried to win them back, and first Adolf's victory at Bornhöved on July 22, 1227 decided on the Holstein lands. At this one Opportunity came also Old Hamburg in Adolf's possession, although not from one actual assignment to him the speech can be. Because according to a document dated May 15, 1228 transmitted Herzog Albert of Saxony all his Claims super civitate Hamborch, Thetmarsia, stage, comitia et foresto ex utraque parte Bylne fluminis on Archbishop Gerhard II. of Bremen (1219-58), and he renounced the above-mentioned Rights in favor of Adolis. Adolf founded today's Rinteln in 1230, which was already in 1239 received city rights. After the horrors of the war, Graf gave thanks Adolf left on August 13, 1239 and retired to the Gray Monastery back to Hamburg. 5. Count Johann I (1239-59), born 1229, died on April 20th 1263 and buried in the cathedral in Hamburg, probably 1249 or 1250 with Elizabeth, Daughter of Albert I, Duke of Saxony, — and Count Gerhard I (1239-90), born 1232, died on December 21st 1290 and buried in the monastery at Itzehoe, probably around 1250 with Liutgard, daughter of John I of Mecklenburg, died before February 6, 1280, secondly around 1280 with Adelheid, daughter Boniface IV, Margrave of Montferrat, widow of Albrecht the Grolsen Duke from Braunschweig, died on February 6, 1285, — Sons of Adolf IV, initially followed their father together, but in 1259 their lands were divided in such a way that Johann transferred to Kiel Wagrien and Gerhard zu Itzehoe viaSchauburg, Holstein and Stormarn ruled. The Holstein line founded by Johann I Wagria died out in 1390. After this and the following division Some of the numbers of regents of the same name still work through the entire House of Holstein; there too some non-governing members of the house for their distinction are numbered by regents of the same name, so appear at

Coin history of the County of HolsteinSchauenburg. 357 the only here to viewing Regents the Holstein line Schauburg temporary gaps in the (by the way, not always matching) numbering. 6. Count Gerhard Il. (1290 — 1312), born 1254, died in Lübeck on October 25, 1312 and buried in Hamburg, presumably first on December 10th 1275 with Ingeburg, Daughter of Waldemar King of Sweden, died around 1290, second in 1293 after February 5th with Agnes, daughter Johanns I. Margraves from Brandenburg, died on September 29, 1304, — and Count Adolf VIl. (1290-1315), born 1256, died on May 13, 1315 and in the monastery Loccum buried, probably around February 14, 1297 with Helena, Daughter of John I Duke of Saxony, died after 1332, — Sons of Gerhard I's first marriage, shared whose inheritance with hers younger brother Henry I (born 1258, died 1304) such, dals this one the Holstein-Stormarn line (to Rendsburg) be- founded, which went out in 1459. Gerhard and Adolf ruled over Holstein-Schauenburg together, Gerhard to Plön, Adolf too Pinneberg and Schauburg. Adolf's marriage brought him this Schlofs Sachsenhagen closed. 7. Count Adolf Vi. (1315--53), son of Adolf VIL., died 1353 and buried at Fischbeck, probably with Helwig, daughter of Simon I. von der Lippe, died 1367 or before, — brought the Schlols Bokeloh purchasable at Schauburg and built the castle closed todenberg. 8. Count Adolf IX. (1353-70), son of the previous, presumably with Margarethe von Hohnstein, died on October 13th 1370 on a pilgrimage to Famagusta in Cyprus and Ward buried in Minden. 9. Count Otto I (1370-1404), brother of the previous one, died on March 16, 1404 and buried in Obernkirchen, presumably firstly with Margarethe from Oldenburg, secondly in 1368 with Mathilde, Daughter of Wilhelm Duke from Lüneburg, Widow Ludwig, Duke of Braunschweig, died after 1410, founded the city of Bückeburg and acquired the office of Lauenau, as well as in 1377 the county of Sternberg. Through his second marriage

358 Wine master: he advised Magnus, brother of his wife's first husband, There was a dispute over the withheld dowry that arose after his death a war with his sons and 'finally to a led to Otto's imprisonment. To free yourself from this and to be able to pay the demanded ransom, he pledged in 1388 a part the county of Sternberg on the Count of Lippe. When the Holstein-Wagrien line died out in 1390, he gave up against Payment a distance sum for an enlargement his country, kept but the gentlemen Pinneberg and Rantzau, also Altona and the Hamburger Hof under the title a county of Holstein. 10. Count Adolf X (1404-26), son of the previous, died 1426, probably after 1378 with Helene, daughter of Erich Count of Hoya, died February 18, 1410 or later, — pledged the rest of the County of Sternberg to the Count of Lippe. 11. Count Otto Il. (1426-64), son of the previous one, b. 1400, died on June 1, 1464 and buried at Fischbeck, presumably. 1418 with Elisabeth Countess von Hohenstein, died 1465, — was 1459 when the Holstein-Stormarn line died out appointed successor there, but was forced by Denmark to against a small distance sum to rely on the inheritance squirm. 12. Count Adolf Xi. (1464 — 74), born around 1419, died on May 24th 1474 and to Obernkirchen buried, presumably with Ermgarde Countess von Hoya, died 1474 or later, and Count Erich (1464 —92), born 1420 or 1421, died 1492 and lived in Stadthagen dig, probably 1476 with Heba, daughter of Ulrich Count of East Frisia, sons of the previous one, ruled until Adolfs Deaths together. 13. Count Otto Ill. (1492-1510), brother of the previous ones, born in 1426, died in Pinneberg on August 9, 1510 and in Obern- churches buried, ——- took his brothers Anton and Jo- in 1498 hann as co-regent for the county ofSchauenburg, while he himself ruled in Holstein. 14. Count Anton I (1510-26), Lord ofSchauenburg since 1498 G r E EL EEE e.g

Coin history of the county of Holstein-Schauenburg. 359 and Rodenberg, died on December 22, 1526 and to Obern- churches buried, presumably firstly 1491 with Sophie, daughter John IV Duke from Saxony-Lauenburg, died before 1502, secondly with Anna from Schönborn, died 1533, — and Count John IX (1510-27), since 1498 lord of Stadthagen and Bücke- castle, born around 1450, died on March 30, 1527 and to Öbern- churches buried, presumably around 1482 with cordula, heir daughter Heinrich's Lord von Gehmen, widow of Goswin Stecke, gest. on May 3, 1528, — brothers of the foregoing, ruled together. Johann acquired control through his marriage Walked in the former Münster monastery along with the pledge Recklinghausen. 15. Count Justus I (1527-31), son of John IX, born 1483, died on June 5, 1531 and buried at Möllenbeck, was probably 1503 with Marie, daughter of John V, Count of Nassau-Dillen- castle, died 1547. In 1528 his reign was disrupted by a rebellion City of Oldendorf against him, which he put down with armed force. 16. Count Adolf XII. (1531-44), at Cologne 1556 as archbishop died and buried, Count Johann X (1533-60), died 1560 and buried in Möllenbeck, and Count Otto V. (1533-76), born 1517, gest. to Bückeburg on October 22, 1576 and to Stadthagen buried, presumably firstly in 1544 with Mary of Pomerania, gest. 1554, secondly with Elisabeth Ursula of Braunschweig-Lüne- burg, — sons of the previous one, divided into the government of the country. Adolf was at death his father's canon Cologne and initially took over as guardian of his younger brothers the government, shared yourself afterwards for a few more years Otto in the government in Pinneberg, while Johann in Bücke- castle ruled. The youngest Brother Justus I (born 1525, died 1581) the Gehmen rule remained. Otto was dying his father had already been elected Bishop of Hildesheim, but moved to the episcopal see in 1537. After a glorious celebration division in the Turkish war took he took up residence in 1544 to Stadthagen and at the same time acted as deputy for his from Landgrave Philipp of Hesse's brother Johann was expelled Journal of Numismatics, XXVI, 35

360 Wine master: government of its share in the country. As his first wife After he died in 1554, he went to war again as a federal comrade of Spain against France and returned as Spanish War colonel back. His marriage to the Protestant Princess Elisabeth of Braunschweig won him for the re- formation, the he 1558 in his country entrance provided. In his will sat he the further indivisibility of the country. 17. Count Adolf XIll. (1576-1601), son of Otto V's first marriage, born on October 27, 1547, died at theSchauburgischer Hof Buried in Minden on July 2, 1601 and in Stadthagen, reigned while the first six years under the guardianship of the councils of the country and in 1595 entered the offices of Sachsenhagen, Hagenburg, Bokeloh and Mesmerode from his stepbrother Ernst under the auspices of keep of national sovereignty. At his Inauguration of government under Guardianship took place as a result of difficult and oppressive circumstances Debts lost the Recklinghausen pledge in 1576. 18. Count Ernst Ill. (1601-22), son second Marriage of Otto V, born in Bückeburg on September 24th, 1569, died on January 17th 1622 and buried in Stadthagen, probably on September 11, 1597 on the Wilhelmsburg in Schmalkalden with Hedwig, daughter William IV Landgrave to Hesse-Kassel, born on June 30th 1569, gest. to Stadthagen on July 6, 1644, — was already in power since 1595 over a part of the country and had his residence sit to Sachsenhagen. 1606 he misplaced his residence after Bückeburg. Seriously was an excellent man and excellent legal regent. He reasoned 1610 a high school in the city Hagen, expanded it into a university in 1619 and relocated it 1621 to Rinteln. He also founded the grammar school in 1614 to Bückeburg, after Bückeburg became a town in 1609 raised and significantly embellished. Rodenberg was also He made it a city in 1615. After him in January 1620 Emperor Ferdinand II Imperial princes raised had, At first he called himself Prince and Count of Holstein and castle, but then when he quarreled about it with the Danish king

Coin history of the county of Holstein-Schauenburg. 361 received, prince of the empire, Count of Holstein, Schauburg and Sternberg, Mr. Gehmen. 19. Count Justus Hermann (1622-35), Nephew second degree the previous, born in 1594, died on November 5, 1635 and buried in Stadthagen, was buried with his predecessors in the following way related. Justus IL, Sir to go, Brother from Adolf XII, Johann X and Otto V (16), had two sons, Hein- rich X. and Georg Hermann, who are first cousins by Adolf XIH. (17) and Ernst III. (18) were. Justus Hermann was a son of Henry X. By the way, Henry The reign of Bergen in North Holland was also ruled acquired, which is why his son Justus Hermann now became a count Holstein, Schauburg and Sternberg, Lord of Gehmen and Bergen (comes Holsatiae,Schauenburgi et Sternbergae, dominus Gehmae et Bergae). During his reign his country suffered greatly under the hardship of the Thirty Years' War. Himself stayed often in the country. 20. Count Otto VI (1635-40), Son of Georg Hermann and therefore first cousin of the previous, born 1613, died on November 15, 1640 and buried in Stadthagen. Otto, who has been part of the well-known Fruit Bearing Society since 1629 under belonged to the nickname “the defended one”, was the last Count out the house of Holstein-Schauenburg, that so with him went out. The county ofSchauenburg became in the main between Lippe and Hesse-Kassel shared, Pinneberg came on Holstein, Go of Limburg styrum. About the further business layer the county Schauburg see my Schaumburg Lippe coin history (Dresden, C. G. Thieme, 1907). II. The coat of arms. Heraldry of the coat of arms from Holstein-Schauenburg is more difficult, than you it according to his seemingly so clear instructions writings initially accept should. The counts acquired as early as the beginning of the 12th century, so at a time in 25*

362 Wine master: who had not yet developed the heraldic system, Holstein too their home county ofSchauburg, therefore is out of her the same family coat of arms that they have always had evident, whether it Schauburgische or Holstein original jump, and in fact the heraldists have too both countries with the history and interpretation of the coat of arms image busy, that something that is not at all common in heraldry appearance and therefore gave rise to various hypotheses. Quite a few legends are linked to the peculiar coat of arms picture, which will soon be forSchauburg, soon available for Holstein taken will, but they contain of course all nothing authoritative, and the in various writings about it One must be very suspicious of the illustrations given. The drawings fromSchauenburgi deserve the most trust. shear Seal in Archives to Hanover (v. Hodenbergsche collections). First of all has been attempted the coat of arms of the counts back to their ancestor Adolf, nobleman of Sandersleben - supply. According to Dithmar von Merseburg, Emperor Otto Il. Count Lothar von Walbeck gave him a farm in Sandersleben (in Magdeburg), and from that you slept. boom'), that the noblemen from Sandersleben a branch of the were Counts of Walbeck, hence their coat of arms would have led. According to Dingelstedt?) is considered such for a while Rose, and out her should yourself the coat of arms of the Counts of Schauburg developed have. But the Walbeckian Rose founded According to him, only a coat of arms in the monastery church in Walbeck (near Magdeburg), and this belongs to the style after in the beginning of the 16th century, relates yourself too most likely to the then provost Johann von Marenholtz. 1) Meibom's notes on Lerbeck's Chronicon comitum Look- burgensium, I, p. 522. 2) Kuchenbecker, Analecta Hassiaca, IX. BE L Bi ee

a H N | H | Coin history of the county of Holstein-Schauenburg. 363 Lerbeck') also gives another coat of arms (around 1400). the gentlemen of Sandersleben by writing: Aabuerunt tune pro armis unum bluvum leonem in albo campo, quod modo have. Actually shows the oldest Holstein-Schauenburg Seal, namely that of Adolf IV from 1224, in the coat of arms of Riders a lion, but without tincture). But to Lerbecks times the lion no more, as he thinks (good modo have), led, and when he calls him a blue lion, He may have thought of the Schleswig blue leopards thought, of course not in silver (because), but in stood in a golden field. Spangenberg’) also exists as the original coat of arms the count attaches a blue lion in a silver field, but adds added, the builder of theSchauburg Castle on the Nessel- have mountains after a nettle leaf attached to this as a coat of arms taken or received from the emperor. This representation also leads Danckwerth') on what to do that one already once mentioned Christian Schlegel’) called: Allegate vero ex Spangenbergio, quod Adolphus I, comesSchauburgt, antea gestarit in Argenteo scuto leonem ceruleum, cum vero arcemSchauburg condidisset in monte Nettelberg sive Nesselberg, a Conrado II. imperatore urti- cam accept. The first thing that occurs here is in theSchauenburg language Numismatics often calls it Nettle Leaf, and Meibom adds to it added, Count Adolf IV has to commemorate his crusade (1197) the three nails of the cross of Christ and the nettle leaf Added the crown of thorns to the helmet symbol, which also means thanksgiving worth described as probable. By the way, the latter legend works into that 15th century back; because after Meibom already has before 1500 Heinrich Nordstädter (Aquilonipolensis) in his 1) Chronicon episcoporum Mindensium. 2) Cf. also v. Aspern, Codex diplomaticus hist. comitum Schaumb,., I, 8.61, 9%, 207. 3) ChroniconSchauenburgicum. 4) Holsatia, Holstein Country Description, p. 182. 5) Epistola ad Joh. Andream Schmidium . ...perscripta,

364 Wine master: Adolpheis theSchauburgian Coat of arms the following time in sapphire sung in simple verse: Arma tres elavi, simul undeeimque Sunt ibi spinaeque, columna duplex Cum speclis peploque, corona Christi, Labara September In German: Three nails in the coat of arms and further points Eleven in number and two more shafts, Peacock mirror, blanket and crown of thorns, Sevenfold flags. We will focus on the eleven points, the two shafts with peacock feathers, the helmet cover and the seven flags still come back; here just needs to be emphasized that on the one hand the three nails and the crown of thorns called become, on the other hand but from that There is no mention of nettle leaves at all. Dingelstedt, which, as mentioned, in the coat of arms the sees Walbeck's rose gradually distorted by the illustrators, means, the three nails (Low German: Pinnen) referred to the Pinneberg rule. On the other hand, Danckwerth believes again- around, who the relationship on the crusade does not reject, the Heraldic figure place the map of Holstein. He says: “My guess is that Graff Adolff was the third after he all Holstein, including Ditmarsen, had received, from the figure of the state of Holstein, the ones on top standing clove leaf similar (so that the two heads in Wagern and Dietmarsen make the other and third point), the coat of arms of a nefsel leaf and soon afterwards the three nails, perhaps by Emperor Frederick the First, with the he in that promised land, or also from the Bischoffen shortly before the other train in Palestine. Bypassing other, entirely unfounded hypotheses (such as the one that it is a sea nettle, i.e. a po- Iypen, act) you can accordingly just determine, dals that actual coat of arms partly with reference to the Nesselberg e T currently R TER ST ST

Coin history of the county of Holstein-Schauenburg. 365 for Schauburg, partly with regard to the shape of the country for Holstein taken advantage of will. Of these two The former appears to be more natural, and people agree with it because also after the process from Spangenberg many he- raldic on. But in some cases they went much further. This is what the coat of arms of Count Adolf XII shows. from Schauburg, Archbishop of Cologne, in a book of arms') a strictly according to Stinging nettle drawn according to the rules of botany, and Schlegel There is a picture of a bracteate of Adolf III, his The Zpistola mentioned above is attached, as is the coat of arms mistakenly as a natural nettle leaf standing on its tip (urticae folium inversum) again. Until the present will it usually referred to as heraldic nettle leaf. In contrast, the oldest seals and monuments, including this one, result bracteate incorrectly drawn by Schlegel, a much simpler one Heraldic figure, namely (Fig. I, p. 366) a fallen, floating one Weilse tip, with three points at the top and four points on each side Tips (well overall with eleven points, undecim spinae), the Corners ending in diamond-shaped lance tips (nails). Man Getting this figure is very easy if you have a standing on top- of the isosceles triangle at the top with four, on each side with five notches; the diamond-shaped corner tips are then stand up all by themselves and don't need anything special to be highlighted. Incidentally, this representation corresponds also almost exactly the “nettle leaf-shaped shield fitting”* (Fig. II, p. 366) in the current coat of arms of Schaumburg-Lippe?), only then Here the two legs of that triangle are curved outwards and the corner tips appear raised. You are right here apparently returned to its original form. The coat of arms appears on the seals in the above form of Count Gerhard I, first in that of 1242, then also on the equestrian seals from 1257 and 1289, here in the shield and already with three flags between two with peacock feathers equipped 1) Lucae, Grafensaal, p. 536. 2) Schaumburg-Lippische state regulations, year 1904, no. 18.

366 Wine master: shafts as helmet decoration. On the other hand, the shield and helmet are in Equestrian seal of Count Johann I from 1257 empty. Also on that 1261 erected corpse stones of Count Adolf IV, the former was once in the cathedral in Hamburg, the same coat of arms is on been brought. After the beginning of the 14th century, first on seals of Count Adolf VII from 1321, appears in the middle of the otherwise unchanged figure placed middle shield, from Weils and red divided crosswise, usually triangular, but also from Spanish Shape or circular. In this form, only temporarily with struggle for changes, e.g. B. with a radial extension the eleven peaks, stayed the coat of arms until the beginning des 16th century, where the Renaissance style a significant change brought about change.

Coin history of the county of Holstein-Schauenburg. 367 The meaning of the central shield cannot be determined with certainty. hey determine. One such led e.g. B. the counts from Schwerin, who died out in 1357 and, incidentally, with the counts von Schauburg were related by Richelia, the sister the last Count of Schwerin, with a Count of Tecklen- Castle was married, whose sister Mirislawa was the wife of one Count Johann von Holstein was. The Counts of Schauburg but can use the middle shield, because they were already running it in 1321, not first inherited in 1357. On the other hand, they could both houses accepted it together, since it is certain that the Counts of Schwerin He only took his place in 1313 their previous coat of arms (a tree with a dragon and 'of a horse). By further of a relationship to the coat of arms of Lübeck despite multiple times more mutual Touch the count and the Hanseatic city refrain must, one could think of it, as Count Gerhard I with Adelheid, daughter of Margrave Boni- Fazius IV of Montferrat, was married, that the family from Montferrat 1305 with her brother Wilhelm's son Johann went out and the Montferratsche coat of arms although not from Weils and red divided crosswise, but at least because with a red shield was the main one. But the sons and successors of Gerhard I came from ten not from his marriage to Adelheid, So they weren't either Heirs of their coat of arms. Nails were changed as early as the 15th century, whose Heads alone have emerged so far, occasionally like this, that she until were made visible into the center of the triangle, and provided therefore the triangle with three from the corners deep cuts running on the inside in which the nails are placed place found. So were out the triangle three smaller ones, triangles put together with the tips, each only on one outside side are decorated with lace. In this one The 16th century received the coat of arms figure, whereby the nails one in diamonds expiring thief's cross formed. Now both modifications, the middle shield and the cer-

368 Wine master: laying, with each other merged, and at the same time they received three triangles often one on the inward sides dissolute shape and on the surface more or less sublime rays. For example, the coat of arms is carved in stone. hit in the Schlofshofe to Hagenburg, only that here the middle shield has the shape of a small round elevation. This was evident in the 16th century, but especially later another change. Probably wanted you the sil- The amber upper half of the central shield differs more from the silver one Triangular area take off let and therefore surrounded the central shield with such a wide red border that the original lish triangle now separated into six around the middle shield lying pieces, three leaves and three nails, fell apart (Fig. II, 3,366). In this form the heraldic figure is initially included in the coat of arms from Denmark, Holstein, Oldenburg, Wasa, Schaumburg-Lippe and Hesse passed over, but can also be found in the coat of arms of towns of the old county, e.g. B. from Obernkirchen, Oldendorf, Rinteln, Rodenberg and Sachsenhagen. Until the 16th century It was also in the coat of arms of the Hamburg coins, and although mostly in the gate of the triple towered wall. Of course was the main reason for that the one that gives you the coins Hamburg wanted to create a course in Holstein. Because you but noticed that the counts are the main proof of this When they saw the town's rural population, they preferred to run away The immediacy of the Reich, which was the subject of a dispute, should not be jeopardized by this. Like above mentioned, already shows the seal from 1257 as Helmet decoration with three flags between two decorated with peacock feathers shafts. On the rider's seal of the count Gerhard II of 1289 stand the shafts between the flags and get out a basin-shaped bulge on. The equestrian seal of Adolf VIII. from 1317 has three flags and in between two uninfested ones lances, on the side two outwardly falling, folded up straufs- feathers; his helmet seal from 1323 shows three flags between two fan-shaped peacock tails. Same Helmet ornament has the seal of Adolf IX. from 1363.

Coin history of the county of Holstein-Schauenburg. 369 In 14th centuries showed the helmet of the Stormarn lines and Wagria a modification the helmet ornament in horns and Feather shafts with fan-shaped flags, look in line- castle is on the seals of the subsequent bishops of Minden Gerhard I. (1330) and Gerhard II. (1361) the helmet with a Feather crest, such as a transverse eagle's wing. At the beginning of the 15th century people returned to the three flags between spring-bearing shafts on a bead back. Finally the seven flags became the later coat of arms Rule, all marked with the shield figure, four to the right, three after blowing to the left. In this form and with two shields holding angels The coat of arms was shown on an altar Hamburg cathedrals. Towards the end of 15th century, according to the poet the Adolpheis already the helmet cover (silver and red) and the Crown of thorns would have been common, the latter consisting of the bulge was reshaped by the draftsmen being represented by the three nails as supposed instruments of passion. Later did they make a wreath of nettle leaves out of the crown of thorns?), The shafts were replaced by two long, diagonally outward ones Ionic columns. This 16th century shows again the bead and on it six after right-wing red flags on golden lances, alternately with and without shield figure, to the pages peacocks cocks without shafts, so e.g. B. carved in stone on the Mecklenburg burger farm to Hamburg. Further came again seven red Flags in front, but without figures and on red lances, finally eight Flags on uncovered Helmets. Siebmachers known The heraldic book shows, apparently incorrectly, Instead of the helmet, a red one Pointed hat with turned up hamlet brim, one at the top crown covered with a peacock's tail. Around the middle of the 16th century, the Counts of 1) Henninges, Theatrum genealogieum, IV, p. 241. 2) Ancestral book of the Hildesheim Cathedral Chapter, p. 119.

370 Wine master: Schauburg has an increased coat of arms, which also includes the coat of arms shows pictures and helmets of Sternberg and Gehmen. The first owners of the county of Sternberg, who lived around the The castle of the same name was located northeast of Detmold Counts of Waldeck and Schwalenberg (Schlegel: hujus primos dominos lego ex Waldeccia et Svalenbergia gente duci). The family of the Counts of Schwalenberg and Sternberg goes on Volkwin IV, 1214 Count of Waldeck, 1223 von Schwalen- mountain, back, the Schwalenberg line of the Waldeck house justified. His descendant Henry V, Count of Stern in 1353 mountain, with the this line died out, was with Adelheid, one Daughter of Count Adolf VIII ofSchauenburg married, that is a brother-in-law of Otto I. This kinship led 1377 to Purchased transfer of the County of Sternberg toSchauenburg. On the other hand was Henry V of Sternberg thereby with the Lippe home related, that the mother his wife one was the daughter of Simon I of the Lippe, d. h. it was so that one Heinrich's father-in-law was a Count ofSchauenburg, his in-law mother one born countess to the lip. As now OttoL, around for yourself a ransom to procure, 1388 the newly acquired County of Sternberg partially pawn mulste, he defected this part as a deposit to Lippe, and his son Adolf also pledged the rest of this house. The enrichment of the coat of arms through the acquisition of the count Sternberg existed out one red star in gold Fields (areola aurea continent stellam rubeam, notando comitatui Sternbergico in Schlegel). The helmet carries between two golden buffalo horns the red star. This part of the overall The coat of arms was of course retained even after the pledge. Incidentally, the county of Sternberg became a cause for long Disputes between Schauburg and Lippe, both of them up they claimed (inde inter se Lippiae et Schauburgi comites de eo comitatu contendöre and multae longaeque contentiones') 1) It is written here in error: Henrico ultimo, comite Lippiensi, defuncto. This refers to Henry V, the last Count of Sternberg. Pa PR HE & $ { Ri R 1

Coin history of the county of Holstein-Schauenburg. aıl fuerint exortae in Schlegel), wherebySchauenburg against Lippe Right the close blood relationship asserted (contra Lippienses jure sanguinis prowimi comitatum praetendisse),; because Adelheid, Heinrich von Sternberg's wife, was a daughter and a sister of theSchauburg count, but first one granddaughter of a Count of Lippe. The argument became final through a marriage settled: Anna, Otto II ofSchauenburg daughter, married around 1450 with Bernhard VII. from the Lippe and brought him the County of Sternberg as marriage property to (demum OtionisSchauenburgiü filia Anna, cum Bernardo, comatı Lippiae, nuberet, ut lites terminarentur, dotalem comitatum marito attulit and donee circa finem seeuli decimi quinti Bernardo, Lippiae comiti, Otto, comesSchauenburgicus, filiam Annam uxorem dedisset, eidem hoc comitatu dotis loco tradito). At least star appears berg until the extinction of theSchauburg House (1640) formally as the property of this house, indeed it was even dissolved Philipp L, the founder of the House of Schaumburg-Lippe, as Heir to the Schauburg Counts, and this was the only one who took over in 1652 in exchange for a payment of 18,000 Reichstalers from the Reich redemption rights from Sternberg. Another growth existed on land in acquisition the Gehmen rule in the former Münster monastery (around 1482). Count Johann IX, the to Stadthagen and Bückeburg ruled, had met with Kordula, heir daughter of Heinrich von Gehmen, married and thereby inherited the mentioned rule. The coat of arms the county took with regard to this acquisition new component on, namely in a silver field a red one, Beams covered with three golden poles (areola argento tingitur, inducta fascia rubea tribus palis aureis interdistineta). The crowned helmet by Gehmen bears an open eagle flight, the one at Henninges is dotted with crescents. The Gehmen reign has the Schauburg house up to its extinction possessed; possessed; she became 1531 Justus II, the non-ruling brother of Adolf XII, Johann X and Otto V, transferred, and the last ones came from this Gehmen sideline

372 Wine master: two ruling counts ofSchauenburg, Justus Hermann and Otto VI, both grandsons of Justus II. The acquisition of the Lordship of Bergen by Henry X. did not result in any increase in the coat of arms. The overall coat of arms from Schauburg, whose components hereby derived and are described, is squared with one Heart shield, namely the first and fourth fields denote star mountain, the second and third walking, the heart shield Holstein Schauburg. The silver helmets resting on it are on the right Sternberg, in the middleSchauburg, on the left Gehmen. The coat of arms comes also unhelmeted before; sometimes it is instead with helmets covered with a count's crown. The shield has depending on the time different shapes, especially the Spanish, but also the German with more or less embellishments. At the Schockenbergern and some Prince's penny lies he on a Burgundian slanted cross, which ends in tulips Tips protrude into the transcription. Ill. Mints and mint masters. The beginnings of the Schauburg coinage are, there they go back quite a long way, very shrouded in darkness. Yes you can accept, than you the county ofSchauenburg in earliest time as the coin of the Bishop of Minden ge- looked at obediently and therefore no coins there hit. In a document from the Rinteln city council, dated October 21, 1281 adolfus magnus -Io- monetarüü thi stemborch burgenses listed as witnesses, but the form monetarii can be a genitive and mean that it is a son or Sons of a mint master, namely a foreign one. On the other hand, the counts certainly had a coinage in early times site in Holstein. Count Adolf II probably did his city of Neu-Hamburg right from its founding (um 1) Wippermann, Regesta Schaumburgensia, No. 216, p. 104. e EE A E N BrR ee re hey ere

H I # Coin history of the county of Holstein-Schauenburg. 373 1186) a coin forge was set up, and it is certainly long At that time it was the counts' only continuously used mint. This is supported by the comparison, which the city closed, than that Counts Gerhard IL, Adolf VII and Heinrich I founded theirs there in 1293 Mint on they leased. It heals in it (hamburger document book, 868): quicungue monetarius eorum (i.e. the Counts) apud nos ewstiterit et ab eis et ipsorum veris heredibus fuerit constitutus, servet et teneat dinarios nobiscum et per totam terram Holisacie ia, ut... Furthermore: quicungue monetarius a dominis nostris constitutus apud nos per totam terram Holtsacıe monetarius eat debit nec in alio loco denarios cudat aut faciat, quam mobiscum, ... Also already a coin contract from 1255 you can sleep on it, that Neu-Hamburg is the only one Müpzstätte the Counts in that one time was. After all holds H. Buchenau') also one at that time Mint in looking- Burgische for not excluded. The bracteate described under No. 1 is therefore likely Adolf II the Neu-Hamburg Mint to assign. Dals he The coat of arms and the inscription prove that it came from Adolf. The two towers on the sides of the shield (ad latus utrumque turres at Schlegel), which are supposed to represent a city or castle, can very well the Count's Neustadt Hamburg indicate. The cross Above the coat of arms there may be an allusion to Adolf Crusades be what after the piece was not struck before 1190 could be. The strange fates of this bracteate may be here be switched on, the H. Buchenau in No. 1 of the sheets for Coin lovers 1906 communicates. He was born around Michaelmas 1691 Nesselried (Nesselröden in Hanover) on the Eichsfelde dug and by the Jesuit Daniel van Papebroek dem Counts Anton Günther from Schwarzburg-Arnstadt for left to his coin collection (a Ztever. Dn. Dan. Papebrochio thesauro Schwarzburgico dono ilatus by Schlegel), which was published in 1712 1) Sheets for coin lovers 1906, no. 1, col. 3434 and 1907, no. 7, Sp. 3707.

374 Wine master: came into possession of the Duke of Saxe-Gotha. The bracteate in the Gotha collection is the only known example, However, there are various fakes. Castle bracteates that are related to this piece and are therefore most likely of Hamburg origin, one knows from a find, the 1840 near Daelie (north from Christiania). Special the one under No. 2 described, the one in the uncorrupted part of the transcription Name Adolf contains, should belong here. But also in Finds in North Lüneburg and Hohenvolkfin are bracteates, the one according to style and coin design count here can. The Hamburg pfennigs continued to retain the type and even took the so-called nettle leaf added. But just the latter circumstance must not be taken as proof of the unconditional belonging to the county are considered as the reason for the recording this one additional, like in the meeting des The coat of arms was mentioned purely for practical purposes. The mint, which already in 1293 leased to the city was completely ceded to them in 1325. And also Even earlier (1201-23) New Hamburg was temporary from Denmark taken possession and as a Danish fiefdom Count Albrecht von Orlamünde was transferred. From this one stir anyway the castle bracteates des Bünstorfer Finds, as far as they do not go to Stargard, Demmin or Pyritz belong. That's all there is to know about coinage from older times. being from Holstein-Schauenburg Weils. It's not impossible than the count coin fairness not only for Holstein, but also awarded for her hereditary county ofSchauenburg ge- This is possible, however, since there are documents about it already in the Years 1569 were no longer available, do not check. every- if the reference to earlier freedom of coinage can be in the later Imperial decrees worth mentioning from 1569 not a good one 1) H. Grote, coin studies, III, p. 278, no. 73, plates 9, 46, and P. 282, No. 98. T ” " r HE IE goodbye Mo nn

Coin history of the county of Holstein-Schauenburg. 375 be just a law firm phrase; But whether that means only the Holsteins or what is meant is aSchauburg coin fairness, remains undecided. At least since 1509 seem the counts shaped again to have. At least There is a letter from Count Anton I his brother Count John IX before, dated Rodenberg, Fridays in the octave venerabilis corporis Christi (June 8) 1509, in the Count Anton asks his brother what he from the council in Minden regarding the coin, whether the people of Minden have the wanted to accept punches or not. He asks him to return sending the register recording the coins, and if the Mindener, which he would very much regret, didn't go on the date wanted to enter into it, he wanted a reliable answer so that they could Brothers could conclude a deal with the city of Hamelin accordingly. More important yet is a coin contract dated January 21, 1512, of which only the second part, without signature, er- hold is. The document reads: item heft myn grediger Joncker accepted master Diederich boumgarden vur eynen 'moentemeystere oen vnd syne servants are there to sell Item sall the moentemeystere mynen g J slain wytte dry vp eynen guden ß and the wytte schullen so good from become sin as the wytte from hamborg lubbecke vnd Lunenburgh slain int geholdt vyff loet fhynfs Siluers vnd in grace vp the vyff loet dry grayne to remediate dem muntemeystere off hey waire inne versieze to gude item sall myn Kind regards, Joncker the moentemeystere from the marck fhynes siluers to vermoenten xx B Lubian as ij alb vurg: vur j ß to betalen and dair entegen sall the moentemeystere all vncost dair vp Kompt stain special myn g J sall em the huysonge order vnd Reydtschop Item wan vpgemelte meystere moentet von synem selfs siluer sall hey mynen g J geuen von der marck fhynes siluers four gold shillings to Slydtschatte Journal of Numismatics. XXVI. 96

Wine master: item off the moentemeystere I felt myself drying up special vpsaite ader moidewillen sall tegen mynen g J nae mercifully and not nae right broken up and bed- rong doen / Item that is broken should be vp the cause of marck work twehondert vnd xxviij stucke / eyn stucke myn or more disgraceful Item wan the masters a work made by mynes g Jader synen siluer sall hey dat by synen eyde not vythghain lait: that you will then be weighed and weighed Item should be the master's own tall pennynck as vj 3 slain vp eynen witten and that vp sall die mastere eyne ordinants maken and the mynen g J bring: vnd vp the ordinants sall myn g J alfldan with the master eyn verdragh maken vnd em dair vp br: vnd Sieg: geuen Actum et datum Bückeburgh middewekens agnetis virginis anno xv/duodeeimo; Item dit everything where caused: has vpgemelte moentemeystere gestaff des eydes lyfflichen to gode and den heylig: ge- sworn vprecht vnd vast to hold: vur eynen vromen man special jengerleye guile / Count Johann IX, who ruled at Bückeburg at the time. Afterwards he met with the mint master Dietrich Baumgarten Embossing from Witten and Pfennigen concluded a contract. Three Witte (Albus) should go for a good shilling, on Fineness of five solders with a remedium (margin) of three Grän (3'/;%), around 228 to the weighed rough mark. The number (Number) of pennies should be minted six at a time on an Albus. The count provides the house and equipment for the coin and pays for every fine mark silver, the he to the mint master delivers, 20 shillings on him. The Mint Master stands for everyone on- In the event of an unintentional oversight, the costs incurred will only be paid lich substitute, pays 4 shillings if he coins his own silver Hit treasure to the count, files the bill, leaves no charges before they are tested, and has to God and the

Coin history of the county of Holstein-Schauenburg. 377 Saints swore a physical oath, as a pious man this to keep everything right and firmly without any deceit. About the ones after that apparently struck coins is otherwise Nothing is known, but it is certainly not only at this time, but also probably also in the following decades by the counts been coined. The first, We'll take a closer look at its character determine leaves, is Count Otto V. After one present He had already sent letters dated January 15, 1559 to one Counts related to him by marriage according to a favorable coinage system inquired, and the transcript one such also lies with that one reply letter. They are also pennies from over the years 1538-62 known, to this those without a year, those maybe are older than those. In the second half of the 16th century has he then in both parts of his country, Schauburg and and Holstein, verifiably founded mints, and its descendants come followed him in it. The mints of both countries parts may be treated separately. 1. Schauburg. On December 17, 1566, von Minden wrote to Hermann Richerdes from Hanover, former mint master of the archdiocese Bremen, to Count Otto V, a Jew from the community there Hennigs recommended that he serve as mint master for the count to offer for a mint to be built, and since he after is now without a job after the archbishop's death, but would like to do so again I want to start a “coin trade*, so he declares himself to be Takeover of a Schauburg mint ready. He has with his father to Hanover learned and then to Hamelin, Göttingen, Minden and other neighboring cities worked, So I know the coins of the area well enough, I also have that Jews given a silver dish made by him, that he Maybe I let the Count see me and please come with him to enter into negotiations. This must have happened immediately; because in one second letter, post-dated Minden on Fridays Reminiscere (February 28) 1567, Richerdes already describes himself 26*

378 Wine master: as the count's “accepted and best mintz master”. He points out in this that Hermann, the count's son, is the one just now Bishop of Minden become was, maybe the of Richerde's own mint in Minden, which he previously managed, was restored could open, But this means that they can now get rid of him for the count established coin because of the proximity of both places could be harmed and asks the Count to use his influence on the son there to exercise, that there is no other coin there master employed will. How the latter matter designs has, is out the files not visible; is against it Richerdes, like out the following shows, in the first Half of 1567 sure already worked in Rinteln, and out This year Otto's princely pennies have to go without year. They show the Richerdes mint mark, two crosswise laid wolf fishing rods (Fig. a). This one Prince's penny were, by the way, through the tender') of the Electors August of Saxony (dated December 22, 1571) for His lands were reduced in value to 10 pfennigs. Already around In the middle of 1567 the count ran away from him Mint master issued the order “based on received advice” go that he should “keep quiet with his mouth”. Then- Then he presented himself on July 13, 1567, saying that he had many problems. costs to get the coin going, have silver bought from merchants and taken on as journeymen, and by the way the neighboring lords and cities in the country began to brown keep quiet despite the ban that they also received to mint again, so the same thing could happen to Rinteln, otherwise would have the other mint masters benefit from it. On On September 15, 1567, Richerdes repeated his remarks from Minden lawsuit, since he was from the merchants, his creditors, harassed will. The to Cologne determined new coinage order be that Lands are “completely and completely different”, in Braunschweig they have them not accepted, so if people submitted, the new ones would Characteristics do not match the neighboring ones; moreover, it costs 1) 8.4.

Coin history of the county of Holstein-Schauenburg. 379 Mark silver here almost 9'/, thaler, to Cologne only 8°, thaler. Man So, like the neighbors, the prince's groschen should be 24 to one Thalers, mint and bring them to Braunschweig for testing. The count reported on it in this sense on September 26th 1567 on the probation day in Cologne, but received on November 6th vember the notification that his application was rejected and also the Braunschweig coin stalls were warned. The uncertainty in the profitable justification of the coins caused the count, the emperor for formal requests innovation of his coin privilege. After K. A. Dolle') the request was justified by “That’s what this is about at the beginning preserved imperial original letters of freedom are lost and with many other writings, probably from the one in the Schaumburg history of the infamous Countess Anna v. beautiful- ve '(the second wife of Count Anton I), to the greatest y Vonnisdhte posts to story the county of Schaumburg, III, pp. 31-45.

380 Wine master: Disadvantage of the High Count Schaumburg House burned down “been”. The following imperial decree was then issued from August 14th 1569 (cf. Westphalia, Monumenta inedita rerum Germanicarum, tom. I, pp. 937-939): We Maximilian the other, chosen by God's grace Roman Emperor etc., publicly confess with this letter, and make it known to all, as to us the well-born one Ours and the empire dear faithful, Otto, Count too Schaumburg and Gehmen, Our servant submissive for- bring and let it be known, although his advantages Parents the Counts of Schaumburg of princely descent from a long time ago our ancestors in the Roman Empire highly praiseworthy memory, with Müntz freedom provided been, he was gifted with his ancestors letter and other Freedoms message is located act, then it would happen now for them, the Counts of Schaumburg, to be the ones some grind their seals and letters from Holstein, and again led in, the original specific Müntz Don't want to find justice, and because of that called and prayed because he wanted Otto with his goods, so close to the Harz and other good mines sat, and in good hope also all ready at work stands, to be found in his county of Ertz, that we, as Roman Emperor, pretouched his ancestors had to confirm Müntz's freedoms and to give him and his successors in turn come new letters about it to prepare and communicate; that we accordingly viewed graciously thought Count Otten to Schauburg humbly made quite a request, even the pleasant one faithful and useful service, according to his ancestors once our ancestors Roman emperors and kings also us and that H. Roman Rich to war and times of peace completely willingly and undauntedly shown and have proven it, and he therefore has to do no less submissively captured, may and should do well, ! ! |

Coin history of the county of Holstein-Schauenburg. 381 and therefore with well-considered courage good advice and rights know, Count Otten zuSchauenburg reported his successor come, touched Müntz-Freiheit, as ruling Roman the emperor again from new buried and given, do the same hereby from Roman Imperial Power- Perfection knowingly in force of this letter, so, that he and his descendants, Counts ofSchauenburg, now henceforth according to the content of our beloved Lord and Father, once Emperor Ferdinand, highly commendable gentle memorial nils, in the ninth and fiftieth year of the less number'). the Reich Day then held in Augspurg, with additional the actions of the common classes made new, and following Anno six and sixty of the same improved Müntz order all kinds of silver and gold coins, with and next to others Electors, princes, cities and estates that separate ours and our ancestors at the Imperial Empire or Royal pardons have power to coin through an honorable one, sincere, intelligent Müntz master, which they prescribe and use at any time, coins and let them beat, and deal with them faithfully, and should and may act: but us and the holy one Rich in our authority, and otherwise male in his rights and justice out of stock and harmless, also, that all the gold and silver coins that they like arises, hit and let coins, from prank, Needle, grain, shot, grain, content, value and weight ob- reported our, and the holy kingdom made new Müntz order according to and not be less, and since we or our descendants in the Reich, in the future via Kurtz or for the sake of the gold and silver coins and others would take, give and make order, the same registered Count Otto zu Schaumburg and his The offspring will then behave according and obediently 1) The “lesser number” 59 replaces the full year 1559.

Wine master: should. And give orders to all and every elector spiritual and secular prelates, counts, free gentlemen, knights, servants, captains, bailiffs, Vitzdomben, bailiffs, nurses, decay, officials, Schultheifsen, Mayors, judges, councilors, citizens, municipalities and otherwise everyone ours and the empire's subjects and servants loyal, in what dignity, status or essence be her, seriously and solemnly with this letter, and want it They commemorated Count Otten zu Schaumburg and his descendants come to this our renewed imperial grace and Do not hinder or err from Müntz's freedom, but embrace it use calmly and let enjoy, also should such a shunned silver and gold coin, according to them of our and the holy kingdom's order, and the same beat according to plan and coins are thrown, in theirs take value from them and trade with them, and do nothing about this and let someone else do it allow, in no way or way, than is dear to everyone be, ours and the kingdom's severe disgrace and punishment, and to this a Poen namely forty marks of sold gold avoid, which everyone, like that often he wickedly violates this did, and half in our and the kingdom's chamber, and the In another half, Count Otten is often thought of as foam. castle and his descendants relentlessly, to pay, expire should be, with the document of this letter, sealed with our imperial seal attached. Give in our city of Vienna, the 14th day of the month of August, anno Nativity of Christ our Lord, fifteen hundred and nine and sixty, ours Rich des Roman in seventh, Hungarian in sixth, and Bohemian in the one and twentieth year. Maximilian. Although now the coin authorization of the count with that on- was recognized, there were initially reasons for their activity still difficulties. The coin to Rinteln was therefore necessary still silent, Richerdes even asked on February 20th

Coin history of the county of Holstein-Schauenburg. 383 February 1573, to be allowed to stay in Minden until the count intends to mint again. Very soon after, on June 3rd 1573, but Richerdes was appointed again and as a mint master at Rinteln employed for six years, and that should he Joachimstaler, Fürstengroschen and other varieties of shape, Grist, content and mint, as prescribed by the Roman Imperial Royal Majesty Electors and Princes and the Estates of the Holy Reich, also decreed, adopted and established in the districts is to strike sincerely and use such a coin on every probationary day in the city of Cologne or in the other part of the Westphalian Lower country circles the city deputized at his expense and Danger responsible. The contract is from Counts and from Richerdes signed and sealed, and the seal of the The latter contains the above-mentioned mint mark as a coat of arms. As a perk became Richerdes awarded, that he did that first year to the count just “a respectable guilder “Schaw Pfenning should beat and worship” in the following But for five years he had a hundred Rhenish good ones every year. important gold guilders to pay and should itself annually Clothing a skirt preserved from English clothing. If If Richerdes had remained mint master for six years, he would have he resigned from office in 1579. Contained about his departure the files nothing, maybe he was in 1576 when the count died out the office divorced. Off his second term from 1573 We only know the apple pennies with the year 1573, then also called Fürstengroschen. About the coinage activities of Otto V's son and successor Adolf XII We first find out more about it inSchauenburg from the farewell of the Westphalian Crayses Müntz-Probations- Conventions, d. d. Cölln the 5th Maji 1599. It is reported here’): 87. On the well-born, my gracious lord, Adolphen Counts to Hollstein-Schauenburg vnd Sternenberg, happen minds, that you agree with your G 1) J. Chr. Hirsch, The German Reich Coin Archive, III. 3,183—134.

i i | | | \ \ a | i 384 Wine master: Rinkin because their closest ancestors had Müntz vnd exercise let, a special Müntz town approve, on it also Hansen Mühlrath, former prince. Mündi the Müntz master and the Warden at Bielefeld, as al- ready to help this Crays, allow wanted, they have Councilors and ambassadors the one that happened lecture, and what at next past probation day therefore recommended running, now again through imaginary Mühlrathen presented, considered, and itself for its further qualification decided: That for the time being, my gracious The good Lord should hereby request that the councils and councils sent at current ones so high and very blessed. Rich expired Müntz being, with these farewells to the empire and regulations disgusting graces, gracious to sell spare, then even though everyone's minds are towards I. G. In- intention to best inclined and wanted to be eloquent; So will yes not alone to dangerous consequences and con- sequence enough, but also to them both together and separately virresponsible be, about common imperial regulations To further take control of the information, and because with regard to this opportunity to trust the councilors and ambassadors completely, Be more thoughtful, my lord, with this remedy So be satisfied with the Müntz master's Employment not required. The rejecting one notice approved so not the er- renovation of the mint to Rinteln. But in fact she was already again in activity been, like from the sequel that district farewell emerges: $8. Vnd but the proposed one Person, Hanns Mühlrath, for disen in Founds Paderborn, without before- ongoing approval, all sorts of things little coin, how well he does of Mr. Bischoffen permits there caring, minted and issued in a prohibited way, but now also - once several made pennies yourself spent, like that under names coat of arms and embossing, well thought of mine E SRI LI

Coin history of the county of Holstein-Schauenburg. 385 gracious sir to Schauburg exited, about it them yes no permission, refund or con/ens given, also the iron, not by the sworn iron cutter manufactured, ..... .; so he is disgusted by others because of this viewed seriously and therefore pointed out without obligation been. Hans Mühlrad had already before 1599, namely if to Rinteln, pennies beaten. Since when did he do this? has, is not clear from the files, there are only letters from him from September 1599, in which he opposes responsible for the above complaints. Immediately afterwards appeared on behalf of of the count a notary with bailiff and witnesses in the mint to Rinteln and took “in return Master Hanfsen Muel- ratts mint master Hawsfrawen” an inventory of the entire work stuff up, it worked this one bring to the monastery yard and there Keep it safe until His Grace hears more. On March 22, 1600, the Chancellor Dr. Anton Wieters send home to Stadthagen to the bailiff at Rinteln, Mühlrad messengers to him on messengers with the lawsuit, that he doesn't acquire anything could, because of him the irons were taken for minting; the Chancellor says it probably can't do much harm if you tell him “on one thaler or toes wasted pennies to munch,” around him just go to become, why then give him the necessary ones iron must be provided. People talk about Mühlrad's activities before and perhaps after- after 1599 nothing further, especially not which ones the from that time known stamps come from him, there its mint mark is unknown; his seal contains only one Monogram from HMR. As all other mint marks of that time are known by their origin, could be considered his if He even had one, only an acorn (Fig. d and e) come into question, which refers to coins from the years 1591-95 finds. However, it is more likely that only things come from him coined without any sign, namely the unhelmeted ones Apple groschen with German transcription from 1598 and 1599, so-

386 Wine master: like one from 1593, from the helmeted ones from 1589, 92, 93, 95 and 99. A Hans Mühlrad was mint master in 1596-97 Braunschweig, as well as his father Thomas Mühlrad, and the latter had a mill wheel as a mint mark, one of these is coming but not on Schauburg coins. The negative decision of the district council brought the show In any case, the Burgenian Mint has come to a standstill for the time being. He could Incidentally, as contradicting the imperial decree of 1569 appear, but it was not directed against the minting activity of the count in general, but only against the establishment of one new own mint. In this regard, note the Words “approve a special coin town* and “to endanger” “The consequences and consequences are sufficient”. Just owning your own Mines were exempted according to the “common Reich regulations” “nations” of the obligation to have minted in the district mint, and Count Otto had indeed had “good hope, in his “To find ore in the county,” but by then it had been laying of a mine didn't come. And by the way was Meanwhile, Count Adolf comes into possession of a Holstein coin place (at Altona), which was never disputed. Adolf's successor, Count Ernst opened on its own initiative in 1603 the Rinteln mint again. He must have two coins masters have been under negotiation for this reason; because that Files contain two otherwise identical contracts dated December 23, 1602, one on Christoph Dyls, the other on Henning Hanses from Osterode issued. The office takes over took the latter and was appointed chancellor on February 12, 1603 Wietersheim study room sworn, also on February 17th in the law firm Jost Bruns from Hildesheim as Wardein, the latter with instructions about the place of residence in Oldendorf. As a mint mark, that too contains his seal, Hanses led two crossed ones Zain hook with placed on it Cross (Fig. h), A rare chip, which has the same mint mark in the coat of arms leads'), 1) Numismatic newspaper 1852, p. 30. ag ya - Eh BE - RR u AE Eu DTE S It ia a no N a nn LT nope TA TTTE

Coin history of the county of Holstein-Sehautburg. 387 is attributed to the mint master Hennings Hannls, and this, in any case identical to the one above is, according to the Müntz- Probationary farewell of the Upper Rhine Creylse, i.e. d. Wormbs May 6th ao. 1594*) as mint master of the Count of Nassau Saarbrücken must have been employed. (However, according to Leitz man?) the Saarbrücken mint from 1594 to 1612 except activity.) The Hanse under consideration here came into power in 1601 in the service the city of Hildesheim, was 1602-05 Count Lippe mint master in Detmold and at the same time now since 1603 Countish Schauburgischer mint master, initially to Rinteln. There has he Gold guilders and minor apple groschen (worth only about 9 pfennigs). As an He paid an entry fee of 100 thalers at Pentecost of the same year another 100 thalers, then it was to increase annually from 1604 onwards Easter 50 thalers pay; further had he the Wardin and the to pay the Mint Council adopted in Cologne, all loads and dangers to take over the embossing and the count ever At times, a number of good thalers could be exchanged for princely groschen. In 1604 the mint was moved to Oldendorf the Weser, where the Wardein has lived since 1603 had a seat; as a coin building Hanses received the father's house monastery there transferred freely. In July 1605 Hanses from the count the line from whose two mints carry with the residence in Altona. He therefore gave up his position to Detmold and entered the service of Count Ernst. The insignificance the to Oldendorf embossed apple groschen led soon to a complaint, which is in the Coin probationary farewell of Upper Saxon Üreyfses d. d. Franckfurth an der Oder on May 3, 1604?): $6. Meanwhile at the previous, and probably the current, of the stands Meeting of the General Guard of the same reported, like in this Upper Saxon Crayfs, among others Li) Hirsch, a. 8 0., VI, 5.316. 2) German coinage, 8. 745. 3) Hirsch, a. a. O., III, p. 233.

388 Wine master: low varieties, also dimes, whose one more not, worthy of the 9th pfenning, so because of mr. Ernsten, Count to Holstein-Schaumburg and Sternberg pp. not alone Altenau near Hamburg, but now also to Ullen- village located on the Weser, by the same mint master coined, introduced in large numbers and before fully developed given would: When but back then of the stands sent were not instructed on this, but on this point taken ad referendum: As if they chose difsmal one writing on the Lower Rhineland West phaelic Crayfs compared, inside the same the Coin tasting order reminds vnd is also requested been given, something befitting the Count of Schaumburg to stay and to do the same in the future Varieties, contrary to the order to have coins, not at all to give in. The Lower Saxony district also complained about the Counts, as from the Westphalian Creylse Coin Probation Sample divorced, d. d. Cölln, May 7th ao. 1605 shows DE What otherwise the well-born gentleman, Mr Ernst, Graue advances to Holstein-Schaumburg and Sternenberg write vnnd sorry His Grace Coin-Ver- wanthen, again from the Lower Saxon Crails General- Wardeins Celation got here, vnnd next to it because of Irish Gn. Ore mines and other sought-after special let Bahrer Münzstett be brought to Oldendorp, that is the fee was discussed, and so many omitted apologies the same to the Lower Saxony Craifs communes, vnnd Iro Gn. here again loud defs Concepts 4. A. answered. Otherwise, my pre-thought-out gn. F.v. Mr. Herzogen to Gülch Cleue vnnd Berg pp. different entrusted been. The S.F.Gn. up apply thoughtfully to Counts the specified mine in 1) Hirsch, a.a. ©. VII, p. 355. LETe rs i 2 4 i