Zeitschrift für Numismatik, vol. 24 — 1897

In the dashed circle the Wendish bull's head without neck fur OIVIT © DIU © D : WaRLfl ® Rev. In dashed circles short cross, on the middle of which is a four-arched Yer one point. MOßaTR © GVSTROWe Ä

54. Pfennig before 1379.

As before with OIVIT D»I © DWaRLfl Ä Rev. Im Dashed circles a short full cross SHOP 6 VST . . ®

IV. Parchim.

55. Wittenpfennig before 1379.

Like No. 53, but Rev. HOHaTK © PKRQIiaM Ä

56. a) b) c) Pfennigs before 1381. (3 copies.)

In the line circle the Meklenburg bull's head QIVIT o DmoDWaRLQÄ Rev. A short one in dashed circles Cross, in the middle of which there is a four-arched depression Period. NOnaTK o PKROÄaN «

57. As before, with (HVITÄS . DUI « D x WaRLa Ä Rev. NOnaTK

58. 59. As before, with QIVIT : DIlI : D : WaRLa * Rev. HOnaTK : PRRChaH *

60.— 64. Five copies not exactly legible.

V. Lübeck.

65. Wittenpfennige before 1379.

In the dotted circles of eagles with wing bandages nOn&XTi - LVBIOanS': . : . Rev. A short cross in a dashed circle,

in the middle of which there is a point in a four-arched yertiefong. OIVITRS . IMPaRIRL' . : .

66. As before, with MOKGTÄ % LVBiaaUS « Rev. aiVITKS : IMPORinL' d

44 E. Wanderlich:

67. 68. As before, with MOßaTK: LVBiaaftS' . : . Rev.

aiVITHS: IMPQRIKL® 69. 70. As before, with MOßeTÄ o LVBiaailS' : ® Rev.

OIVITKS S IMPflRIKL' Ä

71. As before, with MOHeTÄ : LVBiaOßS' : « Rev. COn TäS: IMPBRIÄL' Ä

72. As before, only below next to the eagle's tail a dot on each side. MOKGTÄ : LVBiaaUS' « Rev. OIVITKS : IMPQRIÄL' ®

73. As before, without the dots next to the tail of the Adlers. MOHaTK • LVBiaGRS' Ä Rev. With cross threads in the four-arched depression in the middle of the cross and with QIVITOS • IMPaRlÄL' ®

74. As before, with MOKaTÄ : LVBIüeßS' Ä and the two Dots next to the eagle's tail. Rev. QJWtTiS: IMPaRIÄL' «?

75. As before, MOßaTÄ • LVEIOaUS' «? Rev. QIVITKS: BMPaRIÄL' ®

Wittenpfennigs 1381.

76. 77. In the circle of dots the eagle with wing bandages. MO naTK: LVEiaanS* * Rev. A short one in dashed circles Cross with a six-pointed cross in the middle of the bondel Star CIVITÄS l IMPaRIÄL' ♦

Wittenpfennigs 1403.

78. In the dashed circle the eagle in the pointed shield. HOßara o LVBiaanS Ä Rev. like the Av. aiVITffiS <^ IHPaRmL^

79. As before, HOHaTffi : LVBiaaUSIS Ä Rev. QIVITRS : IHPaRIÄLIS Ä

Penny 1381.

80. - 84. In the dashed circle the eagle with wing bands. MO naTÄ: LVBiaanS' * Rev. In the lineUcrice a short one Cross, in the middle of which is a six-pointed rondel Star OIVITKS : IMPaiUffL' *

HeUenburg Hfiiufonde. 45

Pfennig 1403.

85. 86. In the circle of dotted eagles SaOU€LTR : LVBiaenS <^ Rev. In the circle of eagles (ÜVITTtS iBfiPeRmLcgi

VI. Hamburg.

Wittenpenny before 1379.

87. 88. The city gate in a dashed circle. NOUSTK o IiTCN BVR660KS' A short cross in the dashed circle, in each of whose four angles has a nettle leaf BanaDIOTVS ;

Davs*®

89. As before, only without the o in the transcription of the Hf.

90. As before, only with o Rev. BaßaDIQTVS « DaVS* Ä

91. Like No. 87, but double strike in the transcription.

92. Like No. 90 but ÄKNBVRGa^S' i

93. 94. As before, NOßaTK o RKNBVRGaßS'

Wittenpfennigs 1381.

95. As before, with NOnaTffi o RÄNBVRGanS * Rev. Im Dashed circles a short cross, in the middle of which Rondel a six-pointed star, in the four crosses each angle a nettle leaf. BanaDIOTVS : OaVS' €3

96. As before, with NOKaTK t IiRNBVRGß * Rev. BOB.

aoiarvs i oavs» «?

97. Same as before. hÄNBVR6 ♦

Pfennig before 1379.

98. The city gate in a dashed circle. N0naT3C >, hÄNaVR Goose d Rev. A short cross in a dashed circle. B6üK

aDiGTvs ; Davs*

Penny 1381.

99. As before, with NOßaTÄ o b^U^BVR ilfRev.lm dash- circle a short cross in the middle of the circle six-pointed star. BaRaDIGTVS : OaVS *

100. Like previous hKNBVRG ♦ Rev. BaßaDIQTVS o OaVS ♦

46K Whimsical:

VII. Lüneburg.

Wittenpfennig before 1381.

101. In a dashed circle a lion erected to the left. HOneTK LX/KSBORChV Bev. In dashed circles short Ki'euz, with a lion in each of its four corners. PTS! TRI SIT LRVS DQO V

Wittenpfennig 1389.

102. As before, with HOßQTÄ LVaäBOROIi* Reo. In Dashed circles a short cross, in the middle of which Rondel a lion erected to the left SIT • LKVS: DflO • PäTRI ♦

103. As before, with HOßQTK • LVnaBORÜIi • Äe». SIT • LäVS. DQO • PKTRI or

VIII. Stralsund.

Wittenpfennigs before 1381.

104.— 106. In the dashed circle the ray MOüäTK i SVäDQH SIS ^ Rev. In the dashed circle a short cross, in which right upper angle a small one, with the tip towards the Center directed beam. XiQ.VS > l TB. J “OMIßfl, TVO”?

107. Same as before, Reo. DaVS l HL x ttOMma . TVO Ä

108. 109. In a dashed circle the ray with a hatched shaft. MOßeTK % SVRDaRSIS ® Rev. As before, with OaVS S

lu % ßOHma o TVO ®

110. Same as before, Reo. OaVS%TB. l COMma % TVO $

Wittenpfennige between 1381-1387.

111. In the dashed circle the ray, behind its shafts Period. NOUaTJC l SVIUDaiUSIS « Reo. In dashed circles a short cross,* in the middle of which in the roundabout a six- radiant star; in the left upper corner of the cross with the tip directed towards the center oaVS i Bft l BOMma X TVO $

112. In the Süichel district the Stiehl HOßaTTC • SVRDaßSIS * Rev. As previous, with D&VS : Iß : fiOMIßa • TVO ®

J

MeUenborgian Munifnnde. 47

IX. Ripen.

Wittenpfennig before 1381.

113. In the dashed circle the crowned one striding to the left, leopard-coated lion. Transcript from left to center arOTTÄS l RGDa©ai ® Rev. A short one in dashed circles Cross, in each of its four angles a small crowned, leopard-dressed lion. Transcription from above MOneTTTC o KIFanS

Very rare.

X. Kiel.

Wittenpfennig before 1379.

114. 115. In the dashed circle a boat, above which a nettle sheet. Inscription from above MOnaTR S KILeGaSIS .:. Rev.

In the circle of lines there is a short cross, in the middle of which is a point in a four-arched depression. Transcription from above OIVITäS § liOLSKOia .:. Rarely.

XI. Neustadt in Holstein.

Wittenpfennig after 1387.

116. A tinned castle in a dashed circle, on every corner Tower with battlements and an open gate above the castle a nettle leaf. Transcription from aboveNOßäTÄ t maSTKT

XII. Oldesloe. Penny before 1381.

117. The nettle leaf in a dashed circle. OIVITRS o bOLZKCn

Wittenpfennigs before 1381.

1 18. As before, with (HVITRS o hOLZÄCH ^ Rev. MOnaTR o ODOSLO 88

48

E. Wunderlich: Meklenborgian coin finds.

119. As before, with QIVITÄS o hOLTZÄOI -^

tr

120. As before, with OIVITÄS l hOLTZKOIQ* Rev. MOHaTK

X ODBSLO^ No. 117-120 all rare.

E. Wunderlich.

So it has this small stack that only consists of 122 stacks Treasure whose burial was due to No. 78, 79, 85 and 86 ins Year 1403 or later, 82 Witten and 40 Pfennige delivered, namely by:

Wismar 24 Witten, 17 pfennigs

Rostok 11

Gastrow 1

Parchim 1

Lübeck 15

Hamburg 11

Lüneburg 3

Stralsund 10

Kipen, 1

Kiel 2

Neustadt 1

Oldesloe 3

As far as I know, they are from Stralsund, Ripen, Kiel and Neustadt Penny not yet known at all.

H. Dannenberg.

n

1»

>i

M

1»

»»

91

1»

)?

1»

ij

1 11

7 S

A side story on the understanding of the Bracteate Bishop Hartberts of Hildesheim.

But when collecting the material for your work I found the diplomacy of the older bishops of Hildesheim a seal on a document from Bishop Hartbert (1199-1216), which is apparently made with a bracteate temple. The Due to their great rarity, I think these are certainly interesting Pall should not be withheld from a wider circle.

On the certificate of the named bishop for the monastery Lamspringe from 1212 Sept. 22') hangs on the parchment strip the exhibitor's usual spitzotal wax seal. On But there is also a circular back seal, etc this is what arouses our interest. The diameter is 28 mm. The seal image') shows the one between two billets sitting on a folding chair decorated with animal heads Bishop in official costume with miter, holding a cross in each hand carrying staff. The whole thing is surrounded by a Ferlensclmnr.

I) Or. SUattuchiT humor b. B. KL Luupringe 9. S) Terg], ZeppanfeldtB erroneous« BMchreikimg in the article i. Hilduh. OeKh. I (1829), 73.

EaitHkiift Ar Rumivutik. XX.

50 ^- Heinemann:

The peculiar imprint of the seal, which is different from the ordinary one The type of episcopal seal is quite different, which led to the Assumption that the stamp of a bracteate of Bishop Hart- bert was used and prompted me to discover this interesting experience. seems to be pursued more closely.

A very similar bracteate is found in Cappe^) Plate III, No. 35 pictured. Those on p. 28, no. 40. 42 be- to agree with what was written. The inferiority and unreliable casualness of Cappe's book prompted me to write one of galvanoplastic impression taken from the seal according to Hildes to send home and with the original bracteates of the urban to compare museums. Because they were from Cappe recorded bracteates are present in his collection, so They had to come into the possession of the museum with this be. Unfortunately, the director of the same, Mr Professor Dr. Andreae made in the most grateful manner Yer equation gives a negative result. The only one available Hartbert's real bracteate is completely different, and also among those that ended up in the museum with Gappe's collection Seeländer's fakes are not a stack that even some is similar to ours.

The one from the Bünstorf coin find'), under No. Hartbert's bracteate described in 83 also differs. My suspicion also proved that the one under No. 188 recorded could be related to ours, according to Announcement from District Judge Dannenberg as erroneous.

How does Cappe know the three bracteates mentioned, or where they have come if they are really in his I have not been able to determine who owned it. Anyway but the seal proves beyond doubt that Bishop Hartbert really is the same as described by Cappe or at least very similar bracteates were formed.

1) H. Ph. Cappe, coins of the city and monastery of HUdesheim (1855).

2) Yergl. Magazine f. Numismatics YII (1880), 382 ff.

A contribution e.g. knowledge d. Bracteates of Bishop Hartbert v. Hildesheim. 51

Our seal is therefore interesting in two respects: once for the numismatist, in that a written loose, previously unknown bracteate to Bishop Hartbert von can be attributed to Hildesheim with certainty; then for the diplomatist in that the use of a brak- Teaten stamp for producing a seal is not otherwise possible comes, or at least an extraordinary rarity is^). But the phenomenon is of less importance for diplomacy high value because it has some legal significance cannot be attributed. The reason for using the stamp is beyond our knowledge.

1) The occurrence is clearly distinguishable from the present case real coins to French frivatur customers of the 12th century. Compare A. Girj, Man. de dipl. (1894), 656 f.

Marburg. 0. Heinemann.

A misunderstood Silesian denarius.

Certainly one of the strangest medieval coins the Silesian denarii, those two-sided pennies that... 1290 did not replace the bracteates and thus the precursors the result of King Wenceslas of Bohemia coining pennies represent and are therefore not called half-groschen may^). These have already been introduced into the numismatic sector by Dewerdeck Literature introduced, but only by Mader and Vossberg A type of coin treated in more detail offers the explanation greatest difficulties and so the relative moderately small, with a total of 101 pieces, a filling horn of various doubtful questions before us. Under In such circumstances, even a small enrichment or Correction of our knowledge as given below will be entitled to the interest of coin researchers.

Mader ^) first published a penny that was on the on one side the inscription HH h 4^ DVX ... IS 4^ around a boar head, on the other a striding eagle in one

1) This is also incorrectly stated in Menadier, German Coins I p. 205 note 140b, without noticing the anachronism in the name Groschen far one would be a coin minted before 1300.

2) Critical contributions from Theü UI Taf. V, 67.

F. Friedensburg: An unrecognized Silesian denarius. 53

circles formed by clover leaves. He saw in the room characterized a connection between the Schweidnitz coat of arms and the of Glogau and described our penny as a community münzQ «Heinrich von Schweidnitz and Jauer^ and Heinrichs IH. from Glogau. Yossberg') then put the piece into his Glogauer Mänzen was taken over and it was also handed over to Heinrich HL, the knew coin-rich princes and rivals Vladislaw Lokieteks of Poland, given Mader's attempt at an explanation Repeating appeal to Köhne's authority. Finally it is Pfennig then in Thomsen's record under No. 7991 listed as the stamp of Henry IIL, and there the end of the Transcript expressly added to GlogovI8. These predecessors Following this, I too have adopted the traditional view. concluded, however, rejecting Mader's statement I'm very grateful for the circumstance that the transliteration of the alleged Duke of Glogau about the Schweidnitz coin image stands, seemed impossible.

Through the selfless kindness of a friend I recently received the specimen that appeared in a small Silesian collection, which is shown at the top of this essay. Shows the Comparison of the illustrations and descriptions that Mader, Vossberg and Thomsen had one and the same piece*) in front of them have, then my penny turns out to be a second stamp of this Apparently it is a very rare coin, with the star on it End of transcription is missing. This transcription itself becomes supreme welcome by my otherwise less well-preserved Piece to b DVX SliGSia added and thus falls first Ztttheilung to the Glogau Duke, which is on his coins always named after its capital ^), so that we have at least

1) Berliner Bl. f. Müns- etc. customer 1862 No. 4 of the board.

2) Friedensborg, Silesia's mint history in the Middle Ages No. 620.

3) The Gate of Dr. I owe one to Haubold in Copenhagen Reprint of the copy there, which confirms the above information and is identical Iftsst realize that Glogovie cannot be read on that stamp either can because the goal hand banm is not enough for so many letters.

4) YgL Fdbg. 615, 18, 19, 21, 22.

54 F. Friedensburg:

have no reason to give him the penny with the whole thing The title taken from the country is left as is. Also here is the one Die cut, as can be seen particularly in the letters, wider, stronger than that of the Glogau denarii.

The question now arises: where should we put our penny? if he is not a Glogauer? The answer is because of the frequent Occurrence of the name Heinrich among the Silesian dukes of the Xni. Century not easy to give, including the representation The back of our penny is completely meaningless: the Striding eagles are used by several Piastian princes XIV century, especially in the RücksiegeP). Stays So only the boar's head to connect an allocation, and You think of him when you see it with a Silesian coin has to do, invariably to the city of Schv^eidnitz. However show the seals of this city ^) in the XIH. and XIV century there is also a picture of a griffin and this is only found after 1400 apparently for the sake of the name's appeal to the talking city Pig which has become a coat of arms as a seal image. But already there a Schweidnitz Schöppensiegel from 1335 the whole pig appears and also the well-known hollow pennies'), which certainly go back to before 1400, have the boar's head, So nothing stands in the way of the image of our coin on Schweidnitz to obtain, especially since there are no other cities as competitors question come.

But among the Schweidnitz sculptures is the duke's name Henry was not unrepresented in the Denarius period: Bolko I, the founder of the line, died in 1301 leaving behind three minors Sons Bernhard, Heinrich and Bolko II. This prince has I convert the well-known denarii to GÄXiaÄ DVQVM SLASIÖ the eagle shield, Rf. IWÖHVM BOXiKOHVM*) and with peacock

1) See Pfotenhauer, Schles. Seal from 1250 to 1300 1 No. 4, 5, 7 and IV 27.

2) See Pfotenhauer a. a. 0. XIV No. 111. and v. Saurma, heraldic book of the Silesian cities Col. 303 after Plate IX No. 114 fg.

3) Fdbg. 702 fg.

4) Fdbg. 692 fg.

An unrecognized Silesian denarius. 55

enclosed with a helmet decorated with feathers, which used to be taken to Dewerdeck^) at two Opole sites named Bolko and Boleslaw. In my work I have the Silesian medieval coins I justified this allocation in more detail; but I have to, because Dannen- berg in a discussion of my Bach ') a slight doubt has suggested against the correctness of my view, on this Question again in detail, how important it is of the object and the meaning of one of the first authority of our science required. It's a good thing for me that since then the fourth Volume of the Schlesiseben Begesten') was published, in which all existing documents from the period 1300 to 1315 are recorded, so that we are from this era in which ours In all probability, pennies can only be minted^), have a pretty clear picture.

First of all, what concerns the representations of the disputed pfennig As long as it lasts, they are not of crucial importance. The Adlerschild comes from both Upper and Lower Silesia Plastics too and it is particularly, at least for the^here in time in question, irrelevant that the eagle with the lunar shaped bandage and shamrocks. Likewise it is with the helmet that was given to all the princes of Silesia. wears common jewelry: although Bolko I. usually led the crossed peacock symbol also found on his coins^) nnd Hahnenwedel as a gem, but comes with his sons aacb the usual helmet, as shown in our pfennigs*).

1) Sfleaia nnmismatica 8. 496.

2) Vol. 16 8. US d. Ztschr.

3) Grünhagen, Regesten zor Silesian History, Volumes 7 and 16 of the Codex diplomaticns Süesiae, always indicated here with “Reg.”

4) See Friedensbnrg 8. 41. More recent agreements about the Schlesiseben I will think about denarii, especially about their date, another time in public.

5) Fdbg. 687/88.

6) See B. Pfotenhauer a. a. 0.19 a.m. p.m. f. business and antiquity Silesia Vol. 26 Plate m 5, lY 7, 8.

56 F- Friedensburg:

The inscription is the most important thing about the coin, from it we must seek the decision to win. Your version GffiLSÄ DVaVM SLSSia IWBHVM BOIiKONVM gives itself easier than further training for Duke Bolko I. from Schweidnitz GffiLeffi DVQIS BOLKOHIS to recognize and finds its side piece on a pfennig from Duke Semovits Beuthen^) in 6KLGK DVQIS Semoviti, which is obviously the pure one is borrowing or imitation. The question now is, what is it like? this inscription, which only begins with “the helmet of the young (i.e. minor- years") Bolkonen, Dukes of Silesia** are translated can, interpret? Perhaps the closest thing is to assume that two young dukes of the name Bolko are meant, and then the penny can only go to the Oppel brothers of this name, belong to the sons of Boleslaw I of Opole, as there are only two there Bolko brothers appear. This is also the reason for Dewerdeck's assignment. In the family tables there is indeed the older brother Boleslaw, the second called Bolko, in the Documents but these names change for both, it is Bolko just the abbreviation for Boleslaw. The first question now is whether these Opole princes upon their death in 1313 father's were still juveniles**. Unfortunately this question is not included of any certainty. According to Beg. 3157 her father documented with her consent as early as 1310, which would speak for their maturity, but on the other hand it will This assumption is made less likely by the fact that that the sons are only 12 or 14 years after his father Marry death. Government actions by them are in the Regesten not recorded until 1315, politically active they only emerged around 1327, when Silesia was incorporated into the Bohemian feudal association is included. We know absolutely nothing

1) Fdbg. 814.

2) Juvenis in the sense of mindeijShrig e.g. B. Script, rer. Siles. Vol. L P. 125. A document from Henry v. is also noteworthy. Schweidnitz of 1313, in which the word was attributed to the names of two ducal men. is set (Beg. 3351).

An unrecognized Silesian denarius. 57

from a particularly close community or even from one common rule of both, their seals from later times also show different titles: dnx Falkenbergensis and dux Opoliensis. So there is no support anywhere allocation based on the first interpretation of the transcription. You can also use this transcription with ^der Helm der Bolkonian Princes^ translate, as does Dewerdeck himself with a second copy of our penny does, in which he mistakenly finds the name Münsterberg in the inscription on the back^). Then only Bolko's sons of Schweidnitz can be considered come, to whom Dewerdeck also wrote the second piece just mentioned allocated. Because Boleslaw I of Opole never calls himself Bolko and a third prince of the same name, whose sons were still denarii could have influenced is out of the question. The sons But Bolkos ruled collectively for a long time, initially until 1308 under the guardianship of Hermann von Barby, or Hermann of Brandenburg, from which time we have a certain one Pfennig'), then under that of the now adult eldest brother Bernhard, who particularly remembers the von documents issued jointly to him and his brothers has attached his seal^). It's probably not irrelevant our controversial issue is that some of these documents ^) are based on time the age of underage and the determinations made at that time Confirm settings again. In 1311 it says: “quod cum olim in annis nostris pupillaribus dominus Hermannus dictus de Barboy. . . . captaineus nostre terre existeretconstitutus. . . . verum cum jam adulti terram nostram ad manus propra regiminis resum- psissemus. . . decrevimus etc.^ Also in the same year: “beneficiis .... in annis nostris puerilibus et minus provectis datis et concessions ex nunc, cum divina gracia opitulante ad annos magis discretos maturos provenimus et adultos, .... observamus.*' Finally in 1312:

1) Dev. 8. 408.

2) Fdbg. 691.

3) 1. B. Reg. 2967, 2985, 3134, 3162, 3213 etc.

4) The following passages from Reg. 3136, 3213, 3269.

58 F. Friedensbnrg:

Jus patronatus .... quod etiam mater nostra .... contiilit nobis in annis puerilibus constitutis ex nunc et modo damus etc.^ Here too, the emphasis is on communal youth. In view of all these facts and testimonies one will not can avoid giving the pfennig to the princes of Switzerland. speak, since only with this allocation do all moments come together- agree: coat of arms, helmet, community and finally the Titulation “duces Slesie”. As already highlighted in my work elevated, “Slesia” is just the name for Lower Silesia, and among the Upper Silesian Piasts only one calls himself Duke Semovit on his above-mentioned pennies dux Slesie. This one But pennies are imitated those of the Juvenes, as this has happened elsewhere^). And on top of all that you also have to take into account the conditions in Silesia at that time Consider it in terms of culture and politics: it would be extremely striking when the sons of the mighty are us Bolko, the owners of one of the largest and richest Ffirsten thümers of Silesia, no secure numismatic monument to them rule, on the other hand the rather obscure princes of a poor one and little developed country these clean and clearly would have left coins minted in large quantities. —

In 1314 the brothers divided their inheritance and it received including Duke Bernhard Schweidnitz, where he ruled until 1326, Heinrich got Jauer and died childless in 1346, Bolko II inherited Münsterberg, where his family ruled until 1428. So it seems at first it was as if a pfennig had been exchanged with the city of Schweidnitz. not sign of a Duke Heinrich, or this one Bolko's second son, who is the only one in question could be because he did not own Schweidnitz itself. Now is but it is not known that in Duke Henry's capital Jauer before the XV. Century a coin would have existed ^). All- However, Heinrich's inheritance also included the town of Löwenberg

1) See Fdbg. 435, 698.

2) See Scheuner in this magazine. Vol. 18 p. 36 and Friedensbnrg in the fixed to celebrate the 50th anniversary. Existence of the Berlin num. Society p. 95.

An unrecognized Silesian denarius. 59

Jauer towered above in importance and which, according to a document from 1268 0) i^ d^^ ^i^ Arnoldus tunc nionetarius among the witnesses appears as early as the XIII. Century houses a mint seems to have. But we don't know anything about this Mint would also have been operated in Henry's time. The assumption is therefore obvious or at least not certain. concluded that Duke Heinrich was in his power after the division Brother's city continued to be shaped under its own name and that the Schweidnitz stamp cutter only made the boar's head used as a sign of the origin of this penny, without thereby somehow expressing the right to the coin. That one at that time^) urban coats of arms to designate the Home of the penny without regard to the right to it The coin used itself shows a document from 1349 in which Bolko II. von Schweldnitz expressly promises that his coins should not imitate the character of the city of Löwenberg*"^).

But even if the boar's head is not the symbol of the city Schvfreidnitz should be, there would be no other allocation than Let our Duke Heinrich explain himself. You would have to then see the head as an aristocratic coat of arms, their occurrence on Silesian medieval coins ^), although perhaps still not sufficiently explained, but certainly enough - for the denarii time especially through the pennies with the Dingekirch coat of arms and Dohna^) — has been proven. Now led the family of Schweinichen a whole pig, those from Peterswald one Pig's head in the coat of arms. Both genders belong to Schweidnitz team*) and especially the Peterswald in the documents from the beginning of the XIV century a lot

1) Reg. 1091.

2) More recently, among other things, the Stolberg coins with the Aagsburg city signs (e.g. Madai 1910) and those of Augsburg and Erfurt Compare the works of Gustav Adolf.

3) Fdbg. Document book No. 62.

4) Fdbg. P. 20, 44 and Archive for Bracteate Science Vol. I P. 44 and 311.

5) Fdbg. 443, 462.

6) A Glogau pig in Reg. 3243, 44 and others.

60 F* Friedensburg:

called. The family also has a boar in its coat of arms von Stracbwitz comes to 1315, probably in the first Half of the XIV century does not appear in our documents.

After all this, the allocation of our penny should be Duke Heinrich von Jauer can be as well justified as this is even possible under such difficult circumstances. Unfortunately lets There is no second piece to join him at the moment, especially According to the existing written remains it is not acceptable on that one only in the copy of Egl. Berlin coin cabinet Pfennig from the Juvenes stamp, the transcription of which begins with Eq and concludes with b^ to look for a declining b dux SlesIB.

It has already been mentioned that Duke Henry's land The town of Löwenberg also belonged in the Bracteate period a mint appears to have existed. The city has to must have been very respectable and wealthy back then, because she often has serious financial problems for their sovereign Aided and supported in the usual way Granting important rights and freedoms should be compensated ^). In 1327 things seemed to be particularly bad for the duke. gone, because he gives the Löwenbergers three at the same time important pardons including the right to mint. Unfortunately it is "It is precisely this privilege" that is very briefly and poorly written: “We have - it is said - read and laid our muncze in allim unimlande at cleynen Pfenningen etc.*^ ; not a word about the country's current monetary situation. That was back then The denarius coinage has long been discontinued, the Bohemian pennies dominated the traffic, almost entirely Finally, initially only a few “Parvi” were coined. Since their minting in Bohemia has been going on since 1327 more strongly operated veurde^), so the Löwenberg privilege may well be are internally connected to the conditions there.

1) Fdbg. 6S9.

2) Daily W^esemanii, documents from the city of Löwenberg 8. 15 fg.

3) Fdbg. Document Book No. 60.

4) Vogt, Bohemian coins 8. 120 inm. 41.

An unrecognized castle denarius. gl

So far we only knew of one Löwenberger Heller^). according to fan association and fineness from the second hip from the XIVth century. In the meantime I've run out two different small Silesian collections two specimens plare (weight 0.33 and 0.4 gr.) of the coin shown here arrived.

The fineness is higher, like the one just mentioned Piece, the style of the depictions is delicate and pleasing: the Leo is similar in posture and execution to the one on the oldest Löwenberg city seal appearing and the striding one Adler follows the corresponding representation of the denarii, especially that of Duke Henry. It is subject Therefore, there is no doubt that we have one here based on the Privilege of 1327 struck Löwenberger Heller and thus the oldest datable Silesian farthing ever before us have.

1) Pdbg. No. 699.

F. Friedensburg.

Contribution to DelpM's coin studies.

Henry de Longp6rier treated 25 years ago a series of minted images of autonomous coins from Delphi'). A Unicum gave him an opportunity to do this, which led him on his path in the Gabinet in Paris. The same, now in one other copies also exist in the Berlin collection, has two ram's heads placed next to each other on the front, above it two dolphins touching with their mouths and at the bottom the inscription AAA®IKON. The whole thing is surrounded by a circle of pearls. The back is decorated quartered quadratum incusum, each quarter of which has one dolphin has. This is considered to be an unusually difficult one Tetradrachm of Attic currency recognized coin '^). The Er- Clarification of the ram as an Apollonian symbol is the starting point point of Longp^rier's investigation. He points to the creature of Apollo xagvetog, to whom Aries is closely connected is, as the word ^xagpog' already says^). This relationship is generally accepted today^), like all of them Coin stamps from Delphi except for one, the meaning of which is still preserved is always not sufficiently explained, the Negro head, rightly so be considered Apollonian. This undoubtedly applies to the

1) Review nnmismat. 1869. p. 149 ff.

2) See Longp^rier a. a. 0.y. Sallet, time. f. Number XIII. p. 61 ff. Head, Hist. nnm. p. 289, ill. at v. Sallet a. a. 0. Tf. III, 1. and Rev. num. 1869, Title page.

3) Preller-Robert, Greek. Myth. * I, p. 251 and note 2.

4) See Head a. a. 0. and many more Sallet a. a. 0.

H. von Fritze: Contribution to the coinage of Delphi. 63

Dreifuss, since it is hardly in connection with another divinity will be proven. However, Aries and Goat are not exclusively associated with Apollo. Both animals played but a role in the cults of various deities, and There are a whole series of cities that serve as a formative image use where their assignment to Apollo is impossible or not is unlikely. So, to give an example, the Aries on Pheneatic coins can be safely associated with Hermes. be bound, the one after Paus. VIII, 14, 10 the largest there enjoyed veneration; In any case, the Apollo service occurs in Pheneos not so prominent. The statue provides clear confirmation of Hermes xQioqÖQog^ whom the Pheneates consecrate to Delphi *) (Paus. V, 27, 8). On the Cyprus stamps, however, it is Aries aphrodisiac*). The same applies to coins with the goat as a coat of arms; because she is too sacred to various gods or accepted as a sacrificial animal). Like now in the Delphic coat of arms the ram as an attribute of Apollo xagystog is to be justified, so is the goat Testimony that connects them with the Delphic god brings. There is one handed down to Diodorus XVI, 26 Localsage used. Following her is grazing goats the crack in the earth with the gaseous vapors was discovered. Whether this Legend really gave rise to the choice of coin design or was first invented to perhaps reflect the meaning of the goat Declaring it in the cult or on the coin remains uncertain. That but the Pythian Apollo demands goat sacrifices, Paus proves. X, II, 5, where the Cleoneans have such a xa%ä (jtdvrevfia ix JsXipäv and, after being freed from the plague, one to Apollo

1) The ram as the symbol of Hermes is absolutely certain on the coins of Lemnos, Imbros and Samothrace. See also Rob.-PreU. a. a. 0. p. 386, note 2.

2) See Robert-PreUer a. a. 0. p. 381, note 1. That the ram It is also known that it belongs cultically to Zeus and Poseidon. See ibid pp. 144 and 588.

3) The goat as a sacrificial animal plays e.g. B. in the validity of Hera, the Ascle- Pios, Dionysus and especially Artemis a boUe. See Robert Preller a. a. 0. p. 170, p. 518 and note 4, p. 714, note 5. 6, p. 302 and note 4.

g4 H. from Fritze:

consecrate a brazen goat'). — The probability that both Animals, rams and goats, symbols of the Delphic coins ApoUon are, so it is there. But it will be crucial for me the fact that the dolphin comes along, namely not as a symbol, but as part of the coat of arms. This is particularly clear on the tetradrachm described above, where at first glance the so-called coat of arms style both the ram heads, as well as the dolphins above can be seen, ^^a sample image of a schematic coat of arms composition siüon^', as E. Curtius aptly describes it^). Is reinforced The importance of the dolphins is further enhanced by the fact that they are also in the four squares on the back. Through this arrangement I am convinced that the tetradrachm will also work for the smaller denominations of the ram type proved that the The dolphin that appears at the head is not a sign, but rather Part of the coat of arms. Longp6rier already highlighted (a. a. 0. p. 155) that the Delphic rams were above all those of other cities are characterized by the dolphin; I would like to make this even clearer by saying: through These coins are not only for Delphi but for the dolphin secured for Apollo, namely Delphinios. — The same thing happens We also meet us at the Delphic goat stamps, where there are often dolphins to the right and left of the goat's head are arranged strictly according to coats of arms'). About the meaning of the Apollon öehpivtog has been dealt with often and exhaustively^); also the French scholar dedicated a passage from his essay to him sentence. The interesting task is to move within the rows of coins. different cities to try to prove when the dolphin was Poseidonian and when is to be viewed as an Apollonian symbol. —

1) Otherwise the goat will appear at ApoU; cf. the Mint of Tylisos near Svoronos, Nnmismat. de la Crete anc. Macon 1890, pL XXX, No. 29 <= Brit. Gat. XIX, 15. Here the god holds a goat's head in his hand. buck Sacrifice in Magnesia cf. victim certificate at Kern, Arch. Anz. 1894, p. 79 if.

2) ^ Coat of arms style and coat of arms in antiquity'' Ges. Abh. n, p. 103. 8) See Brit Cat "Central Greece". pl. IV, 3. 10-12.

4) e.g. B. Preller-Bobert a. a.0. 1, p. 257 ff. Cartins, Greek. Qeshfi I, p. 494.

Contribution to the coinage of Delphi. 65

This is not the place for this lengthy investigation Rather, I turn to a Delphic image The usual interpretation has not yet been doubted but incorrectly appears on the back of the small silver coins whose front has the tripod or the ram symbol has a head, there is a circle in its center

elevated point. (Fig. a based on BerL example) From all inter- Preten this representation is referred to as dgA^alog y^g^) and Head remarked on the occasion of the discussion Coins'): In the center of the wheel (the embossed image of the reverse page) there is usually a pellet enclosed in a circle, which here as at Delphi may symbolize the 0[A(fak6g^ a sacred stone at Phlius, which the inhabitants with unaccountable ignorance of distances affirmed to be the center of Peloponnesus. (Paus. II, 13, 3.) See Fig. b after Berl. Example — If you ask about this From the coin stamp, the following results: the Phliasian Wheel is shown differently. Here comes the simply smooth, rod-like shape of the spokes, but then also those that to taper towards the ends in an effort to be more pleasing Carrion see. The wheel hub also undergoes changes. You appears as a mere point at the intersection of the spokes or with finer details, including the hub itself as well the capsule enclosing it is expressed'). This namely and nothing else means the circle with a point,

1) See Head a. a. 0. p. 289. — Gat. of. gr. coins in the brit. Mos. (Central Greece) p. 24. — Iinhoof-Bliiiner = Garclner, Nom. Comment. on Pausanias (Jonrn. of. hell Stad. YUI [1887]. p. 17>

2) Hifft nom. p. 343. Likewise Imhoof - Gardner a. a. 0. p. 54 and Brit. Mos. '^Peloponnesus'' p. 33 note

3) See Brit. Cat '"Peloponnesus" pl. VI, No. 19. 20. 23.

Z«itMlirifl far Kniiiiuttstik. XX. 5

I

66 H. from Fritze:

which in the middle of the wheel on some coins from Phlius is visible^). — Apart from the consideration that such Reproduction of the Omphalos, as previously accepted here, would not be clear at all, I also believe that to be able to reject by that declaration that I am with the Stamping other cities that ride a bike, the same experience apparent evidence. The interesting rows of coins are enough to consider what was once Attica's home, but is now

Evia takes up ^). Here too the design is the There are a variety of wheel parts. But there are several of them Phliasian wheel centers analogous representations. You miss same image above of a Berlin copy'). The hub capsule and hub are reproduced accordingly like there. But not only coins are available. One The vase pictures provide a wealth of examples, namely especially black-figure technique. You just need Gerhard, Exquisite vase pictures, Tf. 10, 20, 40, 41, 43, 44, 53 etc. to see in order to gain the conviction that we can do it have to do with something completely ordinary.

If this argument eliminates any reason, in to see something other than one on the coin stamp of Phlius Wheel with spokes and hub, this is also possible for those inter- Pretation of the Delphic embossed image has lost some clue. But They will also make further considerations impossible. First and foremost, it is emphasized that such a representation of Omphalos is the least unusual. We be-

1) ibid. pl. VI, No. 23.

2) Brit. Cat. "Central Greece" p. XLVI.

3) Also Brit Cat. "Central Greece" pl XX. No. 3.

Contribution to the munitions of Delphi. g7

There are a lot of clear images of omphalos Monuments of different types. It is always the same and unmistakable type: a conical one, slightly flattened at the top Stone, rising from the ground at about seat height and mostly characterized by a network of sacred woolen bandages'). Quite different here. The geometric one, or should we say from above The depiction of the center of the world seen is definitely not easy to understand in that sense. Does this type of re- only had a purpose if an object was placed on the side does not seek to be shown; so e.g. B. will A labyrinth as such can only be recognized if you look at it in the labyrinth floor plan, as shown on the coins of Knossos). Furthermore, one must be carried out in a fenced area Draw the plot from a bird's eye view*). This possibility However, things are out of the question for the Omphalos. The The improbability of this assumption is increased by the fact that that on coins of the Delphic Ampictyony from the period An omphalos of the familiar form appears around 346 Y. Chr and not just here, where it serves as Apollo's seat*), but and also later as the sole coin coat of arms of the Hadrians Diobole, entwined by the serpent*).

Do we have to consider the previously valid explanation as invalid then the task of interpreting something else arises Ways to get closer, and there is an immediate opportunity to pretation, which occurred to me when I first saw it: it is a shell seen from the inside. Anything that goes against the

1) Cf. e.g. B. the Seleucid coins: Head, Coius of the Ancients pl. 38 no. 16 --20. Overbeck, Knnstmythol. Text volume lY (Apollon) taf. III, where a row Omphalosmfinzen are put together. Brit. Cat. ^^Mysia'* pl. IX, 13 (Kjzikus).

2) e.g. B. Head, Uist num. p. 389 ff., fig. 245. 247. 248. Brit Cat "Crete" pl IV. V.

3) e.g. those at Friedl&nder-v. Sallet, Kgl. Coin box p. 223 no. 876 mentioned coin of the Phrygian. Laodicea.

4) Head, Coins of the Ancients pl. 22 no. 25 = Brit Cat ''Centr. Gr."" pl. lY, 13 = Head, Hist Num. p. 289 fig. 346.

5) British Cat. "Ccntr. Greece" pl. IV, no. 20.

5*

ueDDUiig of the symbol as Oniphalos speaks, fits this description drawing. A bowl seen from the side, as is so often the case People held, appearing in vase pictures, would not be for a coin field that she should fill alone. Here What is more important is to have one that is as covering as possible to obtain area. This offers an excellent interior around the bowl. The only coat of arms to fill the side of the coin I don't know anything else about the bowl. There is one thing you can do about it a whole series of pictures can be found in which speudendc Figures wear bowls of a similar or analogous shape *). Everywhere you can see the same representation. Most of the time the ^tälij held a little slanted, so that in addition to the entire periphery the center of the shell indicated by a raised point reason is visible. See Stater from Side to Berl. Copy.

That the Greek sacrificial bowls usually have these have shape, proves e.g. B. the exception in the temple inventory in Dittenberger (Sylloge No. 367, 184), where under many ifiälai one is listed with the addition: ofufalov ovK e%ovüa. It is the "patera nmbelicata" from the Romans designated vessel. Completely consistent with our del- phic shells are those whose inside is visible to the viewer is fully turned. There are clear examples of this too.') Compelling proof of the correctness of my inter-

1) See Seiinas: P. Gudner, Tjpes of gi. coins, pl. II, 15. 16. VI, 1. Brains: ebeod. II, 18. VI, 2. Kypros; ebeod. X, 27. Kjiene: He&d, Coina of thfl Ancients, pL XXVI, no. 43. Trikka: Friedlftnder-v. Sallat: Hflnikab. Tf. III, no. 203. Also in Roman Hünieo with sacrificial scenes," cf. Orneber-Poole Roman medallions in the Brit. Ms. London 1874. pL XIV.

21 E. B. ApoUon with bowl: Oveibeck, Kunstmylh. Teitbd. IV (ApoUon) MÜMtafel lU, 53. 54. also Head H. N. p. 2aG. fig. IGD (OdeBsos).

Contribution to the coin industry of Delphi. g9

I see pretation in some coins of the Mysian Parium. Here there is the numerous silver Coins with the image of someone standing to the left and looking around Taurus a number, on which as a symbol one from the inside

the shell seen appears with exactly the same drawing, like on the Delphic coin'). The bowl is right there recognized (Brit. Cat. "Mysia" p. 96, No. 30-33). Further find we use the same symbol on the head of Athena in Corinthian Staters (Leukas). See Brit. Cat. ''Corinth" pl. XXXIV 7; also p. 126, no. 15, and in the same form in Corinthian Drachmas next to the head of Aphrodite (Brit. Cat. '*Corinth' pl. X, nos. 17-19; cf. p. 33, nos. 303-305). Also on one The silver coin of the Thracian Chersonese is undoubtedly one Bowl depicted (v. Sallet, Egl. Museums in Berlin: Description, d. ancient coins I p. 253, no. 39). So the (fuxlfi is also as an independent coin image, but at the same time as a symbol. It is a symbol of sacrificial service as part of the priestly omates; they were worn hanging around the neck^). Just as surely indicates the same applies to priestly functions when they are in association with jug, ladle and augur staff on city Roman coins*). What is notable here is that they too is given in full interior view. But there are other things the bowl seems to be a symbol. The Delphic excavations According to Furtwängler's report*) have pieces from the FaQade of Siphnier treasury house was brought to light, where Phialen were brought. These both, such as B. also the one on the

1) See above illustration based on Berl. Copy.

2) See E. Cortins, Oes. Abhdl. 11, 8. 256.

3) Cohen, M^daüles Imperiales > I, pl. UI, no. 347. 348. IV, p. 204 THURS. 588. p. 525 no. 9. V, p. 39 no. 182. and Mon. de la r^p. rom. pL m, no. 9. 10.

4) Berl. philol. weekly magazine 1894. Sept. 29 Col. 1276.

70 H. from Fritze:

Saboaro's Cybele relief^) was attached to the temple wall Bowls can only be used symbolically as an indication of sacrificial service be understandable^).

Perhaps this explanation is enough to explain its occurrence to justify on the Delphic coin; not without reason but I believe there is an even more intimate relationship to it ApoUon to be able to prove. Because the Phiale was obviously playing an important role in Pythian manticism. A red-figure one Interior image of the bowl ^) shows the inscribed Aegeus, as he questions the Delphic oracle. There is one sitting in front of him Female figure on the tripod to the right, dressed in long clothes Coat placed slightly over the occiput. She wears in the On the right a laurel branch, on the left the bowl. The Label reads OEMIZ*). Lucian (de Jov. tragic. 30) describes is now considered necessary for the exercise of Apollonian manticism. agile: tripod, incense and the n^y^ /*aw**«y*). Off The Pythia drew the drink from her, which she and the gaseous vapors from the earth's fissure into an ecstatic state. sat^). The tripod points to the latter; what could be closer than

1) Fartwängler, collection Sabour. II. Plate 137 and text to it.

2) Here is the inscription after the Battle of Tanagra from the anathema consecrated to Lacedaemoniem. Those raised in Olympia The fragments found can be found in the note in Pausanias Y, 10, 4. (See Purgold, A.Z. 1882. p. 179 ff.) The epigram begins: Naog fiiv fpucXttv j/€i. The (fuiXrj) means the consecrated shield. Now if that Attaching sacrificial bowls to the facade or wall of the temple is nothing un- was ordinary, as the above monuments prove, this explains the euphe- misplaced replacement of the shield consecrated after the Civil War the (f>MX»j easier, since the form also gave rise to the equation.

3) Gerhard, Auserles. Yasenb. lY. Plate 327/8. See also EL ceram. 11. pl. 46, where ApoUon himself sits on a tripod and holds the bow in his left hand, raises the bowl with his right hand.

4) Despite the inscription, I see the Pythia depicted here. We have either an arbitrariness on the part of the painter or with Gerhard (a. a. 0. p. 103). to accept the epithet of the Delphic priestess. Plut. Thes. 3 leaves out the Pythia expressly gave the oracle to Aegeus.

5) Lucian is wrong when he leads the Eastalia here. It was the cassotis. YgL K. G. Hermann, Gottesd. Aging.” P. 257, §40, note 11.

6) Hermot. c, 60.

Contribution to the Delphi MQnzkande. 71

to point to the source through the bowl? It's mutual the same principle of symbolization. The laurel branch served in the hand of Pythia for incense - and this is attested also Plutarch, de Pyth. orac. 6 — , then the Lucian mentioned is exactly illustrated by our picture. Another version (Plut. to acc. 2) has the priestess chew bay leaves in order to to get intoxicated by it. No matter what, all three symbols have it close relationship to Apollonian prophecy. —

This explains the importance of the bowl as a cult instrument especially for Delphi, this is out of the question, so that their right to to appear as a coin image has been proven. By no means is it now she is alone in her own way. There are a number of stamps, with which the Phiale are well united into a group can. If all you need is vessels like the Kantharos, to think about the amphora and oinochoe, their relationship to cult of the gods cannot be called into question^).

1) See E. Curtius, The religious character of the Greek coins (Ges. Abh. n, p. 443 ff.)* Recently, the basic idea of this essay is in the area of the hypothesis has been referred. Coin connoisseurs are invited call for the relevant material to be revised. An extension However, the same is desirable. However, anyone can do it easily convince that called men like P. Gardner (Types of Greek coins p. 41) and B.y. Head (Hist. num. p. XX and XXXIX) the results of those Treatise not only as probable but as fundamental in treatment related to the discussion of this topic. See Weil, Z. f. N. IX p. 237. That's why you should avoid fiddling with such reliable results.

November 1894. H. von Fritze.

Studies on the history of the coins of the Dukes of

Bayera Landshnt.

Already as the sons of Duke Otto II the Illustrious, the Dukes Ludwig II the Strict and Henry I on March 28, 1255 divided their father's lands, the names Ober- and Lower Bavaria emerged. Reunion after death Duke Johann L, the last offspring of Heinrich I of Lower bayem only lasted a few years.

The division of the country on December 13, 1349 between the sons Emperor Ludwig Hess once again created Upper and Lower Bavaria, and when the three brothers Stephen II with the prison, Wilhelm I. and Albrecht I the lands of the lower lands that had fallen to them Bavaria and the Dutch provinces on June 3, 1353 repeatedly divided, it was Duke Stephan II who did it Larger part of Lower Bavaria with the capital Landshut received, while his two brothers Wilhelm L and Albert I. the provinces in Holland and the smaller part of Bavaria Netherlands with the capital Straubing*).

1) Ludwig y., since the beginning of March 1323 (ceremonially on June 24, 1324) Mark- Count of Brandenburg, received with his brothers Ludwig VI. the Roman and Otto Y. the Finnish in this division the Mark of Brandenburg, Upper Bavaria and Tyrol. On November 10, 1350, they exchanged between themselves for six years in the same way as Louis VI. and Otto kept the mark, while Ludwig V, called the Brandenburger, took sole possession of it from Upper Bavaria and Tyrol. — After Mainhard's death, only one Son of Ludwig Y., Upper Bavaria came to Duke Stephan IL with the prison» Tyrol to Austria. —Ludwig YI. the Roman died on May 17, 1365 Berlin, and Otto Y. (see below) returned after purchasing the mark returned to Bavaria on August 15, 1373.

J.y. Coolie: History of the coins of the Dukes of Bavaria Landshut. 73

After the death of Duke Stephen II on July 19, 1375, which had now also come into the possession of Upper Bavaria, His three sons Stephen III ruled. the Enäufel, Frederick I. and John II share their father's lands.

Soon afterwards, their uncle, Elector Otto, arrived August 15, 1373 the March of Brandenburg against the Bohemian had exchanged pledges in front of the forest with this area also contributed to the joint government of the three brothers.

On March 24, 1376 the dukes divided in the manner as Stephen III and Johann II. Upper Bavaria and offices of the Northern Gaues, but Frederick I and his uncle Otto V, called the Finner, the Landshut Netherlands and the pledge before Walde received. Duke Otto died on November 15, 1379. On July 31, 1384, the three brothers reunited a common government, which, insignificant changes rations settled until the final division on November 19th 1392 continued. On this day, Stephen III received. the Half of Upper Bavaria with the capital Ingolstadt and Theile of the Bavarian Nordgau, Friedrich Lower Bavaria with the Capital Landshut, Johann H. the other half of Ober- Bavaria with the capital Munich and the rest of the northern Gauish possessions. Duke Friedrich is therefore the actual became the legal founder of the Bavaria-Landshut line.

Frederick I and Otto V the Finn 1376-1379. The Bohemian pledge in front of the forest, also under it Known by the name Pfandherrschaft Sulzbach, it was called that Part of the Neustadt founded by King Charles IV in the Nordgau Bohemia*), which the same through the assignment of the mark

1) In 1353 Charles IV succeeded, partly as compensation for obtained loans, partly through purchase and cunning, from the Counts Palatine Rupert I and II to acquire the larger part of the Palatine's Nordgau. He bought Bärnau from Waldsassen Abbey; solved by the Burgrave of Nuremberg If nnd Parkstein flowed in, the Veste Rothenberg etc. bought these parts of the area with the mints of Lauf, Auerbach, Erlangen and the capital Sulzbach

74 J.V. Kuli:

Brandenburg to the former elector, Duke Otto Y. dem Finner sold one hundred thousand gold guilders in Nuremberg currency seized with the condition that if Otto Y. without physical dies, these parts of the area with the main towns of Sulzbach, Lauf, Hersbruck a pledge from Duke Stephan U. with the Hafte and his sons Stephan UL, Johann H. and Friedrich should remain, subject to the right to redeem the amount of one hundred thousand gold guilders, by King Charles III. or his Heirs to the kings of Bohemia*).

The eventual transfer of this lien to Herzog Stephan with the prison and his sons was therefore the one The main reason why the dukes met their uncle on September 29th tember 1375 with this his land in front of the forest on the took part in the common government, and Duke Friedrich after the partition of the country on March 24, 1376 with his Uncles have the same government in the lands that have fallen to them Sage until the Duke's death on November 15, 1379 Otto Y., continued.

King Charles III. used in his New Bohemia, except Er- Langen and Auerbach, which now belongs to the Bavarian pledge appropriate barrel located on the Pegnitz as the main mint, who was undoubtedly still active as ex-elector Otto had taken possession of his new land. The Yer However, the assumption is that he would like to continue the operation without hesitation. have set, is up to the hour through the completely isolated Pfenning^) has not been sufficiently confirmed. This coin, which as we describe below under No. 1, differs from the subsequent joint Pfenningen with OTT—

unified as New Bohemia, Charles' successor could only hold on until 1400. Those former Upper Palatinate districts, which are outside the pledge still remained in Bohemian power, King Rupert, as Count Palatine the third, gradually brought back to his Hans.

1) Muffat, On the size and fate of the compensation, which the House of Wittelsbach for the cession of the Mark of Brandenburg from the Emperor Karl lY. have been prescribed. Dep. d. k. Bavarian. Acad. d. W.X. 1867.

2) Beierlein, The Bavarians. Coins of the House of Witteisbach. T. IV, 62.

Studies on the history of the mints of the Dukes of V. Bajem-Landshut. 75

SnU and RRIDR€IGIi, however, because on the lapel with the lion rising to the right the name RRIDRIGh. missing, only the cut of the stamp is so similar that the description nfitzong of the same to our Pfenningen No. 2 only briefly before- may have gone out.

1. Pfenning.

*o OTT- on o

Rf. Right rising lion.

Beierlein, The Bavarians. Mfinzen of the House of Witteis bach, T. IV, 62.

2. Pfenning.

a) *« OTTo — oam o

b) *OTT» — oÄRl* o o o

c) * OTTo _ oSlil o o o

d) . OTT - oflßl *

e) OTTo-SRio

f) OTT — on

g) * OTT — aÄIoooo Forward-looking chest covered with a hat, below Diamond sign.

Rf. a) + oHRIDRQIch o

b) * mUDReiCIi o o

c) * RRIORGIGIi (indistinct)

d) * URIDReICH (undeUich)

e) * HRTORaiCh

f) + HRIDRQICIi V

g) HRIDReiCh HK. o o

The lion rising to the right in a round frame. Many small differences, a. b. Beierl. T. IV, 63. 64; a— c) own collection; d) Kirchner, Mailacher Fund T. 1, 1; c) Kall, Cat. 48; f) Mossauer collection; g) K. MQnzkab. Munich.

76 J-V. Coolie:

3. Pfenning. Forward-facing bust portrait above one crenellated structure. Next to the bust: 0— H (Otto — Frederick).

Rf. Two busts under pointed roofs. Four-stroke. Beierl. T. IV, 66. KuU, ObeiT)falz 184. Varieties.

4. Pfenning. As before, but under the bust the diamond shield divides the crenellated structure.

Beierl. T. IV, 65. Kuli, Upper Palatinate 185. Varieties. On December 12, 1377, Burgrave Friedrich V, Palatinate Count and Elector Rupert I and Duke Friedrich agreed, equally to have massive pennies and hellers minted. The certificate This reads: We Fridrich by the grace of God to Burkgraue Nuremberg, awarded for the exalted princes and lords^ Mr. Ruprecht the Brazen pfcdnczgrau with Rein and Herzog in prayer, and for the dead-born princes and lords, lord Friedrich Pfalnczgrauen at Rein und herczogen in Bej/m, Vnd für vns, and do kunt public with this letter alien to those who in roped, listening to odir reading, about the pfenning müncz vnd haller This is how we agree with each other, and the best The two teyl lotigs of silver should be on the penny, and the third part susacz; And the prize shall be two punts and six and fifty Pfenning vff a Nüremberger mark ongeuerde. Vnd doran sol You can't overlook anything, neither on the arrival nor on the cost. This is how the Haller coin should be best, on the com daz driUeü lotigs over and the two teyl zttsacz; and the payout two pifths and ahs Schilling on a Nuremberg mark, in all the fair, as the Haller, which was slain next to Nüremberg, there from right, from the aforesaid lords and for our sake, who are heirs man, the burgers of the Rats of the Siat in Nuremberg are ßeizziglichen have asked that they may do so through our will and through necessity vnd gemains nücz because of land and leüt to the same coin Let us wait and see and try as often as we think that being necessary is necessary. And if they think otherwise, Ez be at the kom odir at the vsszal, then as written above. Which gentlemen Müncz the who, the same gentlemen or his

Studies on the history of the coinage of the Dukes of V. Bayera-Landshut. 77

Amptmann they should know how they found it Heten^ and should send money in December^ so that they found, And the seih lord or officer then mows his own Munezmeister should tighten it up, as if it were the right person, and stick to it the aforementioned burger dec council of the Nuremberg Statute reflects of the above-mentioned gentlemen, nor against us, nor against us Nobody has done anything, nor have any joy in this way at all genczlichen ongueerde. We give notice in December letter, sealed with our inscription attached. Give on that Saturday is still Sant Nyclas day, after Cliristus birth drewzehen- a hundred years and in the seventh and seventh year^).

After we know that Duke Friedrich im Nordgau had no other interests to represent than those which prepare for the communal rule in the pledge related to the forest, the above document confirms ours There is a suspicion that Duke Otto doesn't care much about them at all government business, but the same where his Cooperation was not absolutely necessary, his clever nephew Duke Friedrich left.

The two Pfenningarten described above'), their exterior They are so essentially different from each other in appearance Upper Palatinate-Franconian style and tune with the fine comply with the aforementioned convention. After the same, apart from No. 1, only in the narrow period of March 24th 1376 to November 15, 1379 may have been struck, so would be suitable to provide guidance in determining the simultaneous coins of the Burgrave Friedi-ich and the Kur- Prince Rupert L, especially those of our convention of December 12, 1377, to take over.

Older than the type of written denarius in the Nordgau is the the one with the double breast portrait in the lapel, which is well known

1) K. aUgein. Reich Archives in Manchen, printed Mon. Zollerana lY 381.

2) A Pfenning: Rantenschild. Rf, two portraits under pointed Beierlein trusts the Dukes Otto and Friedrich in good faith assigned and plate lY, 67 shown.

78 J. V. Kuli: •

already under Duke Otto III. from Lower Bavaria in Regensburg was created, and by Elector Rupert L and Burgrave Friedrich around 1360 gradually imitated with different symbols was brought into circulation.

Our 0— F-Pfenningen No. 3 includes those of Burgraves of Frederick V (Streber T. I, 5. 6 ^)) and the Ambergers Pfenninge Ruperts I. (Streber T. II, 7 *)) in the very near future kinship, while our 0-F No. 4, the burggraves Pfenninge (Streber T. I, 7-9 event. 10) and the palatine counts (Streber T. II, 10. 11) are most similar.

We can say that mints around 1377 are based on the bis experiences now made for the Dukes Friedrich and Otto the town of Lauf an der Pegnitz, for Burgrave Friedrich Langen- zenn, Bayreuth and Neustadt an der Aisch, and for the Palatinate Counts Rupert I and II attacked the cities of Amberg and Neumarkt the Sulz'). Significantly differ from the previously discussed Pfenningen our written denarii with OTT - am and HRIDReiCh, but they are just as good as those for ours Convention can be considered. On similar ones Comrades are not missing from the burgrave's coin series in that of the three Rupertes, except that they haven't yet are in the right place.

It is not at all conceivable that the dukes Otto and Friedrich for the small, isolated territory like it the pledge was before the forest, these written denarii were able to mint with so many stamps and in such large quantities,

1) The oldest borggr. Nuremberg. Coins. 4. Some. 1847.

2) The oldest defeated by the Wittelsbacbern in the Upper Palatinate Coins. 4. Some. 1858.

3) On December 3, 1373, Bnpert L, Contz the founder of Nuremberg and his son Jordan the mint of Amberg, and on December 26th the Wemher Steinmacher his coin in Neumarkt. After Elector Before the .... from Halle, Rupert cut the coin in Heidelberg to ten years, it can be assumed that the profit ratio was passed on to the Both Upper Palatinate mints were of a longer duration is the ruler of the Count Palatine on the Rhine. 4. Innsbr. 1887-1894. pp. 240, 241, 243:

Studies on the history of the coins of the Dukes of V. Bavaria-Landshnt. 79

if they are not similar to those of the neighboring princes would have been.

Are of particular importance for our studies also the Pfenninge with VßOßeTK liVDGß, which nerds with great insight and lucid explanation to the pawn owner from the castle and town of Lauda an der Tauber, the Electoral Prince Rupert III assigned and demonstrated') that the same by imperial permission from Ascension Day 1377 d. d. Tangermünde in fact as an Electoral MintA, like that n Duke Ruprecht, the eldest, was able to make his mark*'. These Lauda Pfennings minted for Franconia, their stamp like those of our written denarii, one and the same hand, do not only confirm the simultaneous development but also the assumption that the opponents the union of December 12, 1377 when new ones were formed Pfenninge used this type for circulation in Franconia had an eye on it, while our 0-F-Pfenninge and comrades earlier and later strikes for the lands to the south were determined.

Our document from December 12, 1377 also talks about bi löthigen hellers, which were to be expressed. Such Coins representing the Dukes Friedrich and Otto or one could be assigned by both alone, have not yet been identified came to light, but they probably appeared in modern times The burgrave's one-sided farthing was found in large quantities Frederick V with BVRGRAVII and Brakenkopf and FRIDERICI with lions (compare Streber 1 - 9 one- and two-sided), as well as the

1) Nerd a. a 0th Abth. UI p. 16 Tal III, 28. 30. — As Qraf Qerlach von Hohenlohe in 1H74 Castle and town of Luden to Rupert I. esw. on Electoral Prince Rupert HI. TerpCbidete, he himself was only a pledgee. The The real owners are after the death of Emperor Ludwig IY. , his sons Ludwig y. the Brandenburger, Ludwig YL the Roman and Otto Y. the Finnish, later Stephan IL with the prison, then his sons Stephan HL, Johann and Friedrich (especially the latter), reason enough to write our to bring denarii with the Laudaem in Yerbinduog.

80 J-V. Coolie:

Healer of Elector Rupert I with RVPtRTI and lions and SßOßGTTt KSßB with the same image (see also KuU, Ober- Pfalz 15-17b and Streber 15-17 one and two-sided) in the It was created around 1377. Of course we have to with this one Note assume that the passage of the relevant Certificate “i” All of the fair as the Haller that you take Nuremberg did not focus on the external form of the coins but only on the shot and grain of them relates. In any case, the closer announcement of this will be noticeable worthy of all researchers') of Bavarian-Franconian numismatics matics, which has so far remained unnoticed Don't miss the impact even if we don't do it today certain information can appear before our readers.

Frederick I alone 1379—1393.

The lands that Duke Friedrich has owned since March 24, 1376 His uncle Otto ruled after the latter's death came into the exclusive possession of Frederick. On December 10, 1384

1) Kirchner (the coin find from Mailach, Mitth. der Bayer. N. G. Y, 1886) puts on plate lU 9 under burgraves and on the same plate under Nuremberg City No. 1 similar Heller with a forked cross, which is the same for lack of a better one Document of the agreement between the burgrave and the city of November 16, 1378 seeks to supply. The honored researcher will if we may consider our union of December 12, 1377 His view of this type of coin is probably closest to probability have come. On the other hand, his suspicions are confirmed the same on page 80 of the above description of the find in relation to the Bavarian Heller with Gabelkrcuz is not visible. Exactly the same Heller is on the printed proclamation of Duke Albert lY. d. d. Ingol city on February 2, 1507 about the issue of its new coins along with the Gold guilders, white groschen, Gröschl or half batzen, clearly depicted. (Coin Acta U31 — 1524 pag. 94 in the K. general Beichsarchiv in Munich, cf. Lori, collection of the Bavarian. Coin right I, page 128, without image.)

2) Gebert (History of the Mint of the Imperial City of Nuremberg) writes p. 16: “As early as 1377, Burgrave Friedrich Y. asked the council for a know coin about which he met with the Dukes Friedrich and Rupprecht compared to try." Although the honored Yerüasser at first glance

Studies tsar history of the coins of the Dukes of V. Bayem-Landshut. gl

the three brothers once again agreed to form a community government, in such a way that Stephan and Johann share the same in Upper Bavaria and the northern Gau offices, Friedrich the same again traveled to Lower Bavaria and the pledge, until finally the partition of the country on March 24, 1392, Bayem-München, Bayem-Ingolstadt and Bayern-Landshut are created in Hess.

The coins that Duke Friedrich had for the time of 1379-1384 are probably all at run and Sulzbach were minted.

Mint Lauf.

5. Pfenning. Forward-facing bust portrait next to F— L (Friedrich — barrel) underneath the diamond shield between two pearl triangles.

Rf. The two busts under pointed roofs. Beierl. T.V, 97. KuU, Oberp&lz 193.

6. Pfenning. As before, but the building sign between two asterisks.

Beierl. T.V, 98. EuU, Oberpfalz 194.

7. Pfenning. Like before. The diamond shield between two banks.

Beierl. T. V, 99. Kuli, Oberpfalz 192. In SammL Mossauer There is a penny with F—L next to the bust on a base like Beierl. 66. The party under the Base is indistinct.

8. Pfenning. Like No. 5, but next to the bust L—F (Run—Friedrich).

Beieri. T.V, 100. EuU, Upper Palatinate 196.

9. Pfenning. How yorhery but the building sign between two boats.

Beieri. T.V. 101. Kuli, Upper Palatinate 195.

Where the document is located, it has the same wording as his AnsIBbrnngen in understand, not known. We ourselves are aaf this Documentation only through the “Best of the Counts of the Palatinate on the Rhine” page 393 been made available.

MtMbiift for Nnmkmatik. XX. 6

82 J.V. Kuli:

Sulzbach Mint.

10. Pfenning. The building sign in a round frame surrounded by rings, next to it E — ?

i2/. In the quatrefoil lily, in the angles dots. Four-stroke. Beierl. T. VI, 106. KuU, Upper Palatinate 187.

11. Pfenning. In four strokes head over BÄUtenschild, next to it F— S.

Rf. Two busts under pointed roofs. Beierl. T. VI, 102. KuU, Upper Palatinate 190.

12. Pfenni,ng. In four-stroke head on base or ledge between F— S.

RF. Same as before.

Gr. 0.48. K. Coin box Munich.

13. Pfenning. Above diamond shield bust, next to it F — S. Edging round in the field.

RF. Same as before.

Beierl. T. VI, 103. Kuli, Upper Palatinate 191.

14. Pfenning. In the quatrefoil bust over diamond shield, there- next to F— S, ringlets in the corners.

RF Same as before.

Gr. 0.48. K. Coin box Munich.

15. Pfenning. Forward-facing bust with lace collar, next to it F-S in a round edging.

Rf The diamond shield is framed around the square surrounded by rings.

Beierl. T. VI, 104. Kuli, Upper Palatinate 188.

16. Pfenning. The bust portrait in four strokes, otherwise as before. Beierl. T. VI, 105. KuU, Upper Palatinate 189.

17. Pfenning. The diamond shield at the top and bottom of Surrounded by clover leaves, between F - S in a round border.

Studies on the history of the coins of the Dukes of V. Bajem-Landshut. g3

BJ. Two busts under pointed roofs, a clover leaf at the top. Or. 48. K. Münzkab. Munich.

18. Pfenning. As before, but the obverse in four strokes. 0.48. K. Munzkab. Munich.

For the coinage of Duke Frederick between 1379 and 1384 in Lauf speaks of a document from 1380 d. d. Regensburg, in which he runs to his mint master Georg Butz “dt” between hamer and hamerste located on the pegnüz zw Lauf at the home fountain etc. ^ against payment of annually “am- pound regenspurger pfennig lent to our house in Itauf'' has'). The cheap transfer of these water powers indicates that Georg Rutz is already proving to be very useful to the Duke- must have shown, or was in the process of providing significant services to accomplish.

The main argument in favor of the mint in Sulzbach is: Pfenning No. 10 with the large lily clearly, and the many Differences in the F-S-Pfenninge, which are reflected in finds have increased again in modern times, are also tending to give up Sulzbach close than remember that the same during the short interim government of the brothers Friedrich and Stephan from July 31, 1384 to December 10 of the same year would have been beaten*).

1) ^Till, Nuremberg. Coin debit. IV, 8. 46.

2) From this transitional period up to Hersogs Johann's accession the renewed joint government status of the three brothers would have to be Pfenninge with the letter FS aof the obverse and the right ascending- the lion (Beierlein T. Y, 75. 76) stanmien if these letters are the The initials of the names of the coin coins are intended to express themselves. The However, the minuscule f next to the strikingly large initial for Stephan occurs to us just as a mark the eyes ror, like the cross on the very thin one Pfenning Herzog's Stephan (Beierlein T. Y, 79) with the only difference, that this one takes the place after the S and the small F before it.

6*

84 J.V.Kull:

Towards the end of the fourteenth century a fresh one went Train life through the decaying coin system. The Emperor Wenceslas' coinage regulations from 1390 were all Franconian mint lords, including the Count Palatine Friedrich and Rupert and Bishop Burkhard of Augsburg, joined^), while Duke Friedrich and his brothers took over the coinage in 1391 Orders for Lower Bavaria to Burghausen'}, for Upper Bavaria to Munich') with the consent of the estates. The Fineness and the number of fineness by the master miller Marquard Giesser in Oetting and Peter Giesser in Munich Pfennigs were the same, albeit the wording and arrangement appear to diverge in the two announcements.

The history of the Landshut mint dates back to up to the middle of the thirteenth century. A certificate

These lion pennies are reminiscent of the regulations of some convention not; But as far as the place of minting is concerned, it doesn't matter whether they were made by Friedrich and Stephan or were beaten by the latter alone, the von Duke Stephan on August 30, 1404 to the lender Ulrich Ochs pledged mints Freystadt and Stein (Hilpoltstein) in today's Upper Palatinate is probably worth considering.

1) Lori I 8. 20 XXIX.

2) Lori I p. 24 XXXII.

3) Lori I 8. 21 XXX, Beierlein tried this coin order Oettinger Pfenninge with the diamond shield and the dog (BeierL Plate lY, 71-74). As community coins of the three brothers from the period 1375-1392 are also mentioned:

Pfenningen. In the Yierschlag the letters Fsb (Friedrich, Stephan, Hans) surrounded by florets or clover leaves. 22/. The diamond shield with similar decorations in a round frame. BeierL IV, 68-70.

Pfenning one-sided, Franconian. blow. The building sign in a round entrance version, top S, on the sides &— F. BeierL T. VI, 77, elsewhere but the empty space to the left of the sign, through which on good The Gothic F that appears in the preserved copies is to be occupied. Fikentscher consistently takes the view that the book h here represents the mint master, the F in third place represents the mint stätte (Frejstadt), while the S denotes the sole Münzherm Stephan designate. Only archive material can speak about the two opinions decide.

Stages of the history of the coins of the dukes y. Bavaria-Landshut. 35

dated September 5, 1255*) tells us that Duke Otto 11th the Illustrious, when he was with Bishop Albert I of Regensburg A dispute had arisen without regard to his liabilities to the coin there, minted in Landshut shortly before his death, and the Regensburg coins in his lands forbid Hess. Heinrich L of Lower Bavaria had the disputes with the Bishop Albert I finished it and admitted it in the above-mentioned document. were similar, apart from Regensburg only in Oetting") Pfenninge beat Isssen. From then on until the country was divided from 1392 there is of course no mention of a mint in Landshut more talk. Only the following ones from Duke Friedrich L The pennies marked on the helmet confirm that the new operation the mint had to happen between 1392 and 1393, after- Duke Friedrich died on December 4, 1393 blessed.

19. Pfenning. In a round frame F between two Cross.

Ä/ The helmet in four strokes. Varieties. Beierl. T. IV, 107. 108.

1) Questions and discussions Y, 8. 136. fioehmer, Wittehb. Reg. 8. 24.

2) Regarding this mint, which is mentioned many times in documents whose characteristics we have nothing better to teach us than what we can teach ourselves Beierlein a. a. 0. 8. 16 if. reported about this. Under (Bavarian) Oetting can either be the ancient, famous pilgrimage site of Altotting or the one from in a suburb of the same already in the XIY. century flourishing City of Neuötting am Inn can be understood. That's much more difficult Image of the dog with the tree or flower branch over its back explain. In addition, there is no information about the production of the coins themselves State archives can still be found in the municipal archives in Neuötting, files. These are, as recently written to us by an honored hand, from there was, with many other documents, in the great fire that destroyed the city in 1797, probably perished. — With the Brakenkopfe, the crest of the coat of arms of the princely house Oettingen im Ries, our dog has nothing in common with the tree.

86 J.V. Kuli:

We are concerned about the Oettinger Pfenning, the Beierlein described under No. 109 and also shown on Plate IV has. The one that is on the very edge, albeit with an F The same figure appears to have arisen as a result of failure be. The drawing is based on this one in the K. Mttnz- copies made in the Munich cabinet and others No comrades are known or found yet. After all, it is very possible that it was only at St. Vitus day 1391 re-established and with the Mfinz- master Marquard Giesser occupied the Oetting mint Activity after the country was divided soon afterwards November 19, 1392 continued.

Henry IV the Rich.

1393—1450.

When on October 31, 1395 all the Dukes of Bayem together with the bishops and the city of Begensburg a new coin con- When the Convention was signed, Duke Heinrich was still under patronage of his two uncles, Stephan III. and Johann IL, which is why it says at the end of the document: “for we alone Above Duke Heinrich confess that we are not at the time Have the buried insigl and give the letter with you sealed Oswald the goal wrestler, our Vitztumbs in lower Beiern, and the state of Lanshuet In&igl.^^^)

This convention determined that it was one-sided Coin half silver half addition of black color the rain- Burgische Mark') at 432 Pfenningen or the Loth at 27 pieces should form the future Bavarian national currency. Everyone The mint owner was only allowed to use one mint. Duke Stephen

1) Lori I p. 27. —■ The seals of the dukes of Bavaria Landshut are described: Archive for Upper Bavaria XLI p. 90 and Archival. Magazine X—XIII. See Bayerland, Munich p. 392 ff.

2) The Regensb. Mark rough 246.144 gr., the loth 15.384 gr., the piece 0.5697 gr. = fineness 0.2848 gr., cf. Muflfat, contributions e.g. business d. bayer. coinage. — Dep. d. K.b. Acad. d. W. III. Kl. XL Vol. I. Abth. p. 252.

Studies on the history of the coins of the Dukes of V. Bayem-Landshut. 37

and his son Ludwig were able to meet the Dukes Johann in Ingolstadt and Ernst in Munich and Duke Heinrich in Landshut let it be embossed.

But it appears that Duke Heinrich's trustees are after not being disposed to coining such pennies, which should be published on February 27th start because the document says: “If that were us too The above-mentioned Duke Heinrich was beaten so sullen vnr only in our state in Landshut and elsewhere ^^^), Pfennings from him, which deal with the wording of this con- You will therefore look in vain for vention ceilings. Only when on July 19, 1406 between the dukes Stephan HL, Ernst, Wilhelm and Heinrich a new agreement was made, a two- sided coin with a fineness of six Loth, 24 pieces less the third part of a pfenning on a Landshuter Loth^) going to be beaten^), Duke Heinrich, the Judging by his habitus, they decided To get mints in Landshut and Oetting running again.

Landshut Mint. Pfenninge with four strokes:

20. Pfenning. The letter b between two crosses. Bf. The helmet.

Busson, Num. Z. Vienna XX, p. 170.

21. Pfenning. As before, without symbols. RF. The helmet. Different.

Schratz, negotiation. d. h. V. f. Lower Bavaria XXV, 24.

22. Pfenning. The letter h between two four-leaf dreary embankments.

RF. The helmet.

Beierl T. VI, 110. Coolie, Cat. 91-94.

1) Lori I p. 26.

2) The Landshut Mark rough 249,460 gr., the Loth 15,591 gr., the Piece 0.6587 gr = fineness 0.247 gr. ; cf. MuJBfat, contributions — 8. 255.

3) Lori I p. 29 XXXV.

88 J.V. Kuli:

23. Pfenning. As before, but the florets are five- leafy.

Beierl. T. VI, 111. Schratz a. a. 0.21.

24. Pfenning. The letter b between two rings. RF. The helmet. Different.

Beierl. T. VI, 112. KuU, Cat. 96-97.

25. Pfenning. As before, but the helmet in a trefoil. Beierl. T. VI, 115.

26. Pfenning. The letter b between two asterisks. Rf. The helmet in a round frame.

Beierl. T. VI, 113. KuU, Cat. 95.

27. Pfenning. As before, without symbols. Rf. The helmet in the quatrefoil.

Beierl. T. VI, 114. Schratz a. a. 0.25.

28. Pfenning. In the line circle the helmet. Rf. Smooth four-stroke.

Schratz a. a. 0. 31. Own collection. The Grafenau find has among thirteen Landshuters Heinrichspfennigen three pieces of this number 28, with the smooth one Four-stroke in the shape of a large diamond, included. The Schratz's comment regarding the age of the coin is probably true, but the occurrence of three identical errors would be blows, with such a small one consisting of seven varieties Number of boulders, strange.

Oetting Mint. Pfenninge with four strokes:

29. P f en n i n g. The letter h between two five-pointed asterisk.

RF. The dog with the tree.

Beierl. T. VI, 116. Coolie, Cat. 98-101.