Zeitschrift für Numismatik, vol. 22 — 1895

namely 2472 mr. 7« scot - abeczewhit, 15 mr. 20 gr.

vnd is beczalit with the 372 mr. written off.

Item master Andres Goldsmeid from the gemoncztin money

dicz gosses of iron 1 ß 8 gr. 3 ^

As in this magazine a. a. 0. has been said, report

the Baths accounts for the year 1449 from the first entry

Delivery of newly minted pennies in the amount of 270 shocks.

There is nothing about this in the little book; we only found it in 1450

the first payment of newly minted money in “the bill of exchange.”

P. 9 A says:

Item on the Wednesday before Phingistin has mastered us Niclus answered gemoncztis geldis at the wave namely three weighed 150 mr. On May 22nd he answered 7 weighs, current weigh 50 mr.,

so 350 mr.

and another 12 “

on May 23, 150 “

and to “white money” 10 “

in total 672 mr.

Two streams from the Görlitz coin.

269

Summa des geczaltin geldis us all the waves facit VI c x ß gr. The weighed mark therefore contained 54! /s gr. Furthermore, the mint master Niclas delivered 45 mr on May 30th. white money, which listed 51 mr. 17 gr. (about 54 3/4 on the mr.) resulted.

Further on June 6th 118 mr. 12 skot, it makes money 133 mr. 19 gr. (about 54 gr. on the mr.).

On June 13th, Niclas delivered 100 mr in pfennigs.

» 20. “ “ n a * 50 “

» 27. " " " " " 38 "

“ July 10th “ “ “ 100 Ä

* 24. v v » » » 460 “

"August 22nd", "272 B

m 22. “ “ 9” to hellers 55 “

We first find records again in 1452

about the mint's performance in detail,

as the following overview shows us:

weight of the

Coined

sample

Silvers

^m « *

Ab8chrot

Exit

•

and coppers

money

zaine

mr.

•k.

qu.

mr.

sk.

qu.

mr.

■k.

qu.

mr.

•k.

qu.

mr.

•k.

qu.

May 4th. . .

149

12

__

135

1

__

9

16

_

4

23

__

__

4

__

13. , ...

271

20

— -

249

21

2

11

15

—

10

3

—

—

4

2

June 1st. . .

337

—

2

307

7

2

16

9

—

12

23

1

—

8

3

17

418

16

2

370

1

—

32

6

—

16

—

3

—

8

3

July 11th. . .

375

15

—

346

5

—

15

16

—

13

10

—

—

8

—

August 3rd.

339

12

—

298

7

2

29

15

—

11

4

3

—

8

3

23. , .

397

21

—

369

5

—

14

15

—

13

19

2

—

5

2

September 26th . .

316

4

2

285

21

—

18

12

—

11

13

—

—

6

2

October 25th .

438

7

—

185

—

—

242

3

—

10

—

—

—

6

1

November 10th .

221

12

—

181

9

—

28

13

2

11

12

—

—

3

2

All of these items are crossed out again, In any case, transferred into the real coin diary. wear.

On the whole, coins were minted this year 3266 mr. 2 quarts, which

2728 mr. 6 skot 2 quarts of money according to the balance, so 83 1 /, %.

270

R. Scheuner:

At the third pour, mint master Hans appears and stays until the end of the year.

After that we don't read about him again until 1460, in which year, as we saw above, he committed again became. The coins were now made bravely, as follows Overview shows.

In year

About devotion

Coined

In Pro-

coin

metal

money

centers

master

1460'

10 times

5878 mr.

4866

mr.

(8270

Hans

1461

18"

5326 ,

4607

»

(8670

Hans and Merlin

alternately

1462

5,

1364,

1182

n

(8670

Mertin

1463

9*

1917"

1718

»

(8970

r>

1464

19*

4234 "

3835

»

(9070

r>

1465

12,

5330 "

4887

n

(9170

n

1466

8*

4108 "

3801

»

(9270

»

1467

23,

8151 "

7458

»

(9170

»

1468

17,

11103 “

10038

»

(9070

. ')

In 1469 there was only one coinage, the fair copy is not At least it ends here.

The year 1468 provided the highest amount, 10,038 marks in pfennigs and hellers, of which the mint master received a treasure of around 940 marks, a considerable amount in that time 2). The coin's results improved under his leadership, rising to £927s in 1468 Mint master Hans only got it to around 83%.

Both on the pieces of paper lying loose in the books Also in book A itself there are a lot of notes,

1) The necrol calendar. fratr. minor, conventus Görlitz (script. rer. Lus. N. F. I, 268) reports on his death:

Ao. dni 1477 obijt Martinas monczemeister here sepultus.

2) In order to get an idea of the size of the sum, let's notices that Brauhof No. 1, one of the largest in Görlitz, which is in in the hands of Georg Emerich, in the tax books of the time was valued at eight hundred marks.

Two books from the Görlitz Mint. 271

Calculations, calculation instructions, etc., which are one deserve closer consideration.

First, the writer gives an overview of the silver salary of the then current pennies, as already p. 288 of the XVII. Volume of this magazine shared. Close on that Calculations are carried out to determine how many pennies from This or that variety contains a skot of fine silver. A2l thorn. etc. Ixv2i Item uff eyn ß roseler gr. Item uff dy breflichsse mr. get roseler 1 ß gr. vnd 10 gr.,

That's about 50 gr. minus 1 ph. (the latter

crossed out again).

Summa hiuon facit uff dy mr. 2 ß minus 1 ph. So offered

dy mr. 9 lod, dy machin 137a schot, so who daz schot on

the mr. 9 gr. ago and who abir al not meheer ife

11 7s ph. nope, so who the gr. 127s ago ph. and that

6ph. listen.

If you calculate 1 skot = 9 gr., then 137s = 121 7s gr.

In reality, the mark only holds 2 ß - 1 £ = 120 gr.

— 1^. The difference is therefore 1 gr. 4 1 /» ^ or 117s d- 1 )

Anno thorn. etc. lxvJL

Item dy creucze gr. on the shock 30 gr., so is dy

mr. 6 Schill, gr. sweer, so do that on top of your Mr.

36 gr., so dy mr. 8 lod silver, facit 12 schot, so

who schoed that 9 gr. ago on the mr.

The shock of old, heavy Bohemian pennies weighed so much like 17s shock crosspenny. So there were 72 per mark, add 36 gr. Surcharge, you get 108 gr. or on a Skot 9 gr. 3).

Now follow instructions on how much copper this or

1) In the books there are always 7 pfennigs, but sometimes 15, sometimes 14 Calculated on a dime this year.

2) Of these and the following calculations there is a large one Number can be found in book A. For more information, see News Lausitzer Magazine Vol. 69, 6. 231 ff.

272 R* barns

which type of coin should be fed in order to get the right mixture for the Görlitzer Pfennige.

Item abe czu dine dy mr. behemischer gr. czu yirden part, so did dy mr. 9 lod silbir, facit 13! /s shot Dornff gehorit 30 schot cupphir.

A mark of Bohemian groschen is said to be “a fourth part”, d. h. be fed in such a way that the mixture */< marks or Contains 4 Loths of Silver. One mark of Bohemian groschen

has 9 silver in the grain, or 13 7" skot of silver,

but at the same time... 7 “ “ 10 7s » copper, This is what you do.... 30 ““

and receives a total of 54 skot, from which

4 Loth to the mark result.

In the same way, regulations are given for the use of the good black pennies, which were 57* sold, the 81-pound cross groschen, the 71-pound “common” groschen, the good old sword groschen, Röselgroschen, Prussian Schillings, etc. Some of these recipes are denominated in 4 löthige Alloy, but most have a smaller grain size up to 3 Loth down. The latter are, as can be seen from the guilder exchange rate, goes, written down after 1465.

Further calculations refer to the price of the silver and determine how high a skot will cost.

Item dy breslische mr. silbir before 4 l /a guilders and 7s place

vnd y the gold before 50 gr. calculated Meysnische gr., queme

y daz schot silbir ago 9 Vi gr. vnd dy mr. 3 gr. 37s lighter

listen.

4V.X60-^-9«/.

97, x 24 = 228, so 37 4 g difference. Item dy mr. silbir breslisch weights y dy mr. 47s ago vng. guldin vnd y the guldin before 47s shillings gr., so who y the schot silbir ago 10 gr. vnd dy mr. 3 gr. vnd 1 bright hoeer. 54 gr. X 47s = 243 gr. — Add 1 skot to 10

Two Bacher from the Görlitz Mint. 273

Groschen, so it comes to Mark 240, or 3 groschen little. But where does one farthing come from?

Item dy mr. silver gorliczer weights y the lod ago 17 gr.

minus 2 ph., who y the sheet 10 gr.

16 X (17 - 2 <£) = 272 gr. - 32 £ or, 7^ = 1 groschen Calculated, less 4 7" groschen, therefore = 2677a groschen. The But Görlitzer Mark weighs 267* Skot Breslau, so it's true the bill exactly.

Item dy mr. silver gorliczer weights and the lod before

Bought 16 grams, so thank you Mr. has 16 lod and power

on breslisch weights 27 sheets less 1 quart, so who

y the sheet silver to Diszer (Görlitzer) mr. the quarter ago

2 V* g r - calculated, so qweme the schot before 97s gr. vnd

dy mr. 2 gr. hear.

16 Loth to 16 Groschen = 256 Groschen divided by 267« Skot = 9.57 groschen the Skot. 267 4 skot, at 97, groschen Calculated, there are 2547" groschen, so r/s groschen is too few.

We just mentioned the relationship between the Görlitzer Markge and weight to the Breslauer. Because the scribe is in the coin We are also precise about the relationship to the Erfurt Mark informed about the severity of the Görlitzer Mark.

To get the Görlitzer Mark, says the writer, you have to pay 1 Loth gain weight to maintain the Erfurt weight, so the former is

233.856 — °Y = 220.100 grams.

To get the Breslauer Mark you now have to pay 1 Loth 5 Quart again increase in order to maintain the Görlitz market weight. There are So 16 + 17" = 220,100 or one Breslau mark = 197,473.

This weight is approximately consistent with the specification Dr. Kirmis '), which the people of Kraków (also Wrocław) Mark states 197.68 grams. The calculation is grotesque 197.294 is the closest.

There are several pieces of paper in the books on which... Stock that the “gentlemen” had taken into the mint,

1) Handbach the Polish Mfiniknnde Ton Dr. Max Kirmis, Posen.

n

v>

274 R. Scheuner:

is written down. Two examples of this may follow. One piece of paper reads:

Item anno dm. etc. 61 am snnabind Valentini he has Orban Emerich, mayor, Gregorius Selige, Andrews Canitz, caraerer, and he Seiffrid Goswin raking and actually looking for something to put in the moncz box And silver and Habin found pieces of silver over it and 3 silver rings, worth 10 mr. 3 scot facit 347a shock size

Item concerns gr. with the uff money before 67 " 26 "

Item common size bought before 208 "

Item creutcz groschen ago 20 »15

Item good swartcze ph. 375 Vs ago »

Item low swartcze ph. 6 x / 9 " 10 w. ago

Item abescrot ago 22 " "

Summa huius 734 shock 21 gr. Item that master Hanns monczmeister has with jm vnd fed off before 350 shock gr.

Item jm change 91 “ 21

Internally that he is guilty of Seiffrid 6 “ 6

The other pieces of paper do not mention the “Gentlemen *”, they read simple, like this:

What would still be written is the moncze: Item an creutcz size 26 mr. gewegin, ye uff die mr. 71 gr., facit 33 shock 2 Vi gr.

Item on bemschen size 66 mr. gewegin, hero ye the mr. 69 gr., doruff czu 25 gr., facit 107 */« shock minus 1 gr. Item in common size 95 mr. gewegin, hero ye the mr. breslisch 73 gr., doruff czu 5 gr., facit 125 schock 10 gr. Item moehoeter 1 ) 86 mr. gewegin, ye uff die mr. 74 gr., doruff czu 5 gr., facit 115 shock minus 6 gr.

Item to good swartczin phg. 41 shock gr. Item an czubrochin money 4 1 /* “ “

1)

1) Mohnhanpter, penny with the sign of the Mönimeister Mohnhanpt

Two books from the Görlitz Mint. 275

Item low pbge before 3 shock minus 1 1 gr.

Item worth size 137s » size

Item abescrot 21 1 /* mr. 21 V« n » ago

Item 51 vng. flor. facit 35 1 /« “ minus 10 gr.

Item on silver 39 mr. 1 fird. facit 1297s “ gr.

Item hung. pagament 50 mr., steadiness to respect (8 löthig), 28 flors ago. 17 gr. be 1 ), facit 20 shock 1 gr.

Item to Gorliczschen phg. 486 m. ge wegin, facit 5347« ß6gr.

Item eyn par kopphe 2 ) before 50 flor. 35 shock gr.

Item that is in rotation 114 shock 46 gr.

Item from the mayor 85 flor. 47s size

We now have to purchase the silver and Kupfers to report what Book A contains about it.

In the city of Görlitz itself there was little of the noble to obtain metals; only once was it by Matt. Ax, once by the goldsmith Master Joeoff (and once by Matt. Koppen in Hirschberg) bought a small quantity of silver. In the The main thing, however, was that Breslau remained the trading center for silver. Görlitz sent one of the councilors to the market there Cloths to sell and silver to buy. Urban Emerich had already made this journey in 1449 and he was there afterwards several times for this purpose he personally took the an account of his journey (1450) was written down. He begins his report as follows (p. 17):

Alzo me Vrban Emerich dy mistress of the rotis keg

Bresselaw sent silver to those in Monteze czu,

I received this from the rothe and kamerer

as hy still written.

He now gives a list of the various sums, which he e.g. Th. from the chamberlains, e.g. Th. from wealthy received cash advances to citizens; about the conditions nothing said. Except those brought together in this way

1) Bohemian.

2) Runners, beer mugs made of silver, which are often used for worship were created.

276 R- Scheuner:

In 1989 he brought a large amount of cloth with him Breslau to the market, the partial sale of which is detailed Billing is given.

On the first trip he just bought 31 sticks weighing 93 mr. 1 quart

to 2 shock and 1 gr. power. . 402 guilders 1 heller, 26 sticks weighing 71 mr. less 5 quart to 2 shock 2 gr. makes 309 » 10 "

Total 711 guilders 11 heller. He also buys in Lätare (on a second trip). Breslau by Master Borghard von Liegnitz: 13 sticks = 34 1 /, mr. 5 skot to 2 ß

1 gr fl. 150 minus 3 gr*

from Swofheym von Liegnitz:

3 sticks = 10 mr. 19 skot to 2 ß. fl. 46 and 1 orth from Jacub to Lemberg:

10 sticks = 16 mr. 5 7» skot to 2 ß

2 gr fl. 70 and 20 gr.

by Peter Zimmermann:

10 sticks = 178 mr. 4 skot to 4! / 2

Guilder less 1 gr fl. 795 and 10 gr.

Then 150 guilders were paid.

The remainder is payable at St. John's Day. From Hans Klettener from Erakau:

17 sticks — 179 1 /, mr. 4 skot 1 quart

to 4y a and 1 gr. fl. 8 15 less 2 1 /«gr.

Sat. of the sticks 53 small and large weigh 419 l / 8 mr. 2 skot

minus 1 quart (419 rar. 13*/4 skot), makes in gold fl. 1877

and 3 7* gr. and the sum of all the sticks he bought on both trips hat = 110, weighed 5837s mr. 3 quarts and costs together approx. fl. 2588 and 47, gr.

After this second journey he brings for food, porters, Packers' and workers' wages and "andir unmoney" 8 guilders minus 6 gr. into account and says: “Give me what you want*.

Two books from the Görlitz Mint. 277

Urban Emericb embarked on a third journey in the same year Tuesday after Pentecost also to Breslau. He bought there 18 pieces of silver, weighing 269 mr. less 37a skot in the amount of 11827* Hungarian guilders, by Vincenz Langehans:

73 pieces = 188 mr. 10 skot 1 quart to 2 ß 3 gr. = fl. 827 and 20 gr. 6 hellers, from Cunz Vren:

3 pieces = 17 mr. 5 skot to 2 ß and 1 gr. = fl. 74 and 10 gr. 2 1 /« Heller, etc., which amounts are all first needed to be paid to Jobannis.

With the final remark that he (Urban Emerich) on the three journeys (Invocavit, Lätare and Pentecost) as a whole 203 pieces of silver weighing 852 mr. 9 skot 1 quart and in the amount of 3770 flor. ung. and 18 gr. bought, end his travel reports. Later we only find a few Notes before, according to which the price of silver was 4 1 \% ung. Gulden seems to have been a fairly fixed one.

The copper (grains) plays a not unimportant role. In Breslau, Urban Emerich also bought and paid for copper the 1p. 1) 1 mr. minus 3 gr.

Another time 5 cents. less 1 pound to 5 guilders and 1 Orth bought, plus transport wages from the Ctr. 8 gr. and 3 gr. Weighing fee and gratuity to the porters.

Later the Ctr. at 4 guilders 1 orth and at 4 '/« guilders.

The following were once purchased from the coppersmith in Görlitz: 131p.4lb. for llVsmr. 2gr. So that's plenty of 4 grams. the pound and again 6 " 9 " , 5 " 21 " " " about V\, gr. 6*7",|5 " 24 " " " »4 " 8 " minus 5 7, pound grains, 1p each for 1 mr., facit 6 shock 12 gr.

In the first years of the forging industry, coin iron provided

1) *p. = lapis, 8ton, the same held 22 pounds, as we see in an instruction ■seen by the loading of the guns. It says: this is how you like one The same boxes take 50 ib pulvir, the facit 2 ip and 6 tb pulvir.

Ar Namüuuktik magazine. XIX. 19

278 R- Scheuner: Two Bacher aas the Görlitz coin.

Master Nothing, or he made them from the iron that the city sometimes worried about it.

At this time Master Joeoff was cutting the dies. The next supplier of the coin iron was the blacksmith* master Peter Behmisch. Also Master Lucas the locksmith had something to do with it.

A statement from the blacksmith reads: Item the gentleman earns money and money. Item Ixxvi obireyßin gestelt and kickedin, by eyme 1 gr. Item lxij obireyßin struck in and welded, from ij j gr. Item xvij vnderstockil gestelt, from eyme 1 gr. Once the council tried to take the iron from Breslau relate; Urban Emerich paid the blacksmith there for iron 1 guilder 12 shillings heller and to Master Flach for digging iron and bridges 1 guilder. Schewin von Hirsch Berg once supplied iron for the stamps in the amount of 37 2 shock 6 gr. However, both attempts do not seem to have been successful to be; because the stamps remained in Görlitz to have it made, which was definitely cheaper. Bad enough If they are of course unusual, the goldsmith-engraver can have one Praise can't be said when you see the ugly ones pennies with the roughly cut coin images.

Rudolf Scheuner.

A new denarius of Volquiiis III, Count of Schwalenberg.

Since then, in our century, finally interest in the numismatics of the German Middle Ages are through the numerous finds in all parts of our fatherland A lot of new coins have become known, while older ones, so far declared, could be determined more closely; and still coming a few pieces to light. Although familiar features often appear again get it, it is interesting in every single case see how diverse the coinage was in the Middle Ages, and in what way proven types about Germany spread.

This is also how a denarius of Westphalian mint turned out to be recently became the property of the Royal Coin Cabinet in Berlin, as a novelty. Unfortunately the piece is a bit rubbed off on the edge, so that the transcription is no longer completely legible.

Vf.: 4.VOLQVI AL. The Count von vom, sitting, with

the lance in the right hand and a double circlet, similar lich the imperial orb, in the left. He is with chains dressed in armor and breech guard. Rf.\ ... A ... . LONIV three-tuxedo church building 8 arches, in the middle of which is a cross.

280 J Cahn:

The name Volquin is common in the family of counts von Schwalenberg, from whom the Waldeckers descend. Grote has the familiar characteristics of this gender in his Essays “Waldecker Coins” (Münzstudien, Vol. V, 1867) public. Among them is a sterling from Volquin III. v. Schwalenberg. The question now was whether our denarius came from the could come from the same Volquin.

In the Schwalenberg family tree there is a Volquin L, which appears for the first time in 1137 and was recorded in 1178. died. He couldn't have coined our denarius, since the same belongs to the style after a later time. As Sons of Volquin I appear except Widekind, who appears first de Waldegge, in a deed of donation for the monastery Marienfeld from 1185 ^ still Herimannus, Volquinus et Henricus. But the Volquin mentioned here can also be part of the denarius have no connection, because he entered the spiritual state over and died as canon of Paderborn, so he never had that Possessed the right to mint coins. So all that remained was vol- quin III, who, as the son of the above-mentioned Henricus, had the actual The Schwalenberg line continued from 1214 to 1249 has ruled. His Sterling, published by Grote, bears the surrounding font VOLCVVNI COM. ; so in our case we will on the front also has COM. SVAL. have to be supplemented.

The coins provided more precise dating of the denarius of the Archbishops of Cologne a handle, since the back side of the the same imitates this type. Now the building appears the Cologne denarii first under Adolf I of Altena, 1 193 bis 1205. With three towers, similar to the depiction on the piece Volquins, only under Henry I of Müllenark, 1225-1238. I Of course, I don't want to claim that the denarius is between It must have been minted in 1225 and 1238, but it certainly has a coin This archbishop served as a model, and before 1225 he can at least not created. He also seems older to me

*) At y. Old, magazine. d. historical association for Lower Saxony. 1859.

A new denarius of Volquin III, Count of Schwalenberg. 281

than that Sterling, because this genus appears a little later, as the coins of the Lords of Lippe show.

These imprints of Volquin are characteristic of the species and the way in which the types of coins changed in the Middle Ages spread. This was the most important territory in that area Cologne Duchy of Westphalia, while the Count's territory was initially limited by the Lippe rule, where at that time the sterling was popular. The coin types of both neighboring Volquin has acquired one country at a time, probably ever after they were viable in the markets. Like those guys Incidentally, things were mixed up at the time, which also shows Example of Gorvey Abbey, whose guardians were the Schwalenbergs were. Abbot Hermann L, 1223—1254, Hess striking coins, on the Vf. the seated abbot can be seen, while the Rf. shows the image of a sterling of Henry II

The spelling of the name Volquin is also interesting on our denarius. Grote adds to the description of that death ling, on which the name Volcwni is written, the following Comment: “The count's name is here - of course with it Conversion of the letters IN — orthographic and etymo- written logically correctly, instead of in documents and therefore often Volquinus has been Latinized and distorted by more recent writers." Grote is certainly right that the etymologically correct form Volkwin is; However, by the 13th century no one was any more sure aware of the meaning of the old German names. You could you might come to the conclusion that you are looking at sterling the German, on Denarii, preferred the Latin form of the name, as can be clearly read on our QV. Anyway but it seems doubtful to me that the stamp cutter is here I wanted to intentionally distort the name in a Latinizing way 11, like that Grote to the Latin-educated document scribes of that time accuses

There was still much to be said about the count's portrayal say on the denarius. Unfortunately, the medieval coins images from the heraldic and cultural-historical side

282 J. Cahn: A new denarius Volquins HL, Count Ton Schwalenberg.

not sufficiently exploited. What does e.g. mean? B. the double ripe, which the count holds in his left hand? Maybe it's an sounded like the imperial orb, which is missing the cross at the top. In some Cases also represent the attributes that the mint owners have in the Hand holding, representing their coat of arms.

So many questions are linked to the coin images but in the Middle Ages, because most people don't read the transcription could, were certainly not without meaning. If these things, especially what the coats of arms and the affiliation of the individuals As far as patron saints are concerned, more will be recognized probably still have some coins identified more precisely and so on Help expand knowledge of prehistoric German times.

Julius Cahn

cand. phil. et are.

Interesting features on coins from Taranto and Aenus.

1) Vf. Naked rider boy crowning his horse. The horse walks calmly to the left and his head is decorated with a forehead decoration in the shape of a horn • A bearded, horned snake adorns the horse, the one with the tip of its tail resting on the ground Arrow released by winding the bow twice and in a vertical position, Dich holds A. Behind the boy APIZTOE. Rf. Taras on the dolphin to the left with trident in the left ken and cornucopia in the right. In front of him 4>. Right on the edge TAPA2L weight 6.42 gr. The interest of this, as far as I know, is undescribed Coin belonging to the late, lighter class of the Tarenüner Didrachms belongs to the peculiarity of the epithet. Dr. Imhoof-Blumer, whom I asked for his opinion, wrote to me: “The symbol is in fact unique; alone with it Unfortunately I can't provide an explanation. Should there be one To be an Apollonian symbol, one would have to think of the snake

284 E - J - Seitmann:

Thinking shot through, not shooting. The view that It seems more plausible to me that it is a sign from the mint official.

I dare not judge whether when using one such a symbol in the sense of an Apollonian and commemorative The serpent would be necessary for the action of the Glot must be shown shot through. The reversal of the Passive of the action into the active is in the types: Ancient coins are not unknown. Think e.g. B. to the presentation setting of sacrificial scenes, in which sometimes the deity, which the sacrifice is offered, as the performer of the ordinance appears.

In order not to leave the matter without some kind of explanation try to put it aside - bad or right - and notice I the following: As is well known, one comes across tarentine coins of that later period there are some characteristics which are undoubtedly present the inscriptions accompanying them. allude to names. So can, if we have a lion on a piece as a symbol and Find the inscription AEftN l ), there is no doubt about the relationship prevail. Similar allusions appear, as A. Evans in his "Horsemen of Tarentum" 2 ) noticed the epithets to contain the names OAYMnil, AnOAAßNIOI and Accompany AAIMAXOC.

The most common and natural addition to our inscription APISTOE would be the well-known name *AQt

*) I own two copies of this coin. On one it reads: very clear inscription in the Tarentine-Doric dialect (if you don't want to assume an oversight on the part of the die cutter) aean.

2 ) “The Horsemen of Tarentum”, Nnmismatic Chronicle, IX, 1889, p. 26.

Interesting inscriptions on coins from Taranto and Aenus. 285

of the never missing goal. Only this snake appears me more than the usual reptile. The crest on the neck and Throat marks her as a monster, a python.

Maybe my explanation seems forced and too much cut according to the scheme of a rebus. I give them too only as a makeshift, in that I hope that scholars have deeper knowledge Knowledge available will be better interpreted. Anyway I prefer it to the comfortable common assumption that the symbols are the signs and seals of officials. Because First of all, I can think of something specific in my own way. Secondly, I give priority to the relationship to the deity on the official, even if he is the ephor of Tarentum preference. Thirdly, I don't believe at all that those epithets Introduce official seals, because if they were, they would have to be his According to the official character, always one and the same Characters accompany the same name. But that's not it Case, and I therefore consider them to be stamp cutters' brands, which they chose at will, giving space to their imagination.

The symbol of our next coin gives an example, how freely the imagination of those cheerful Tarentines sometimes has prevailed. The same also proves what I just said about this Fluctuating symbols on coins with the same inscription noticed, because the name appearing on her comes, complete or abbreviated, in connection with three different epithets (Helmet, Bee and Silenus). It's her first time in A. Evan's beautiful work 1 ) has been mentioned and depicted. Described The symbol there is simply called “small squatting figure holding horn". Despite its tiny size, the figurine has great properties essential archaeological interest, because an equal representation The location of Silenus with the cornucopia seems unknown. I therefore describe the coin in more detail as follows:

*) The Horsemen of Tarentnm, plate Vm, 8.

E.J. Seltraann:

2) Vf. Naked rider boy crowning his horse. Same strides to the left and wears a bolt-shaped forehead jewelry with a spherical attachment. Behind the boy H. Under the horse's body IßTTVP. Below a bald Silenus with a long beard, his eyes wide open Mouth, blunt thick nose, goggle eyes and strong swollen body, in the right hand a patera, in left arm a cornucopia, its contents overflowing becomes visible, crouching on the ground - aut inguine largiore solo quasi innixus, ant, ut videtur, excrementa faciens. Rf. Taras on the dolphin to the left, in the left the Distaff, on the right hand a Nike, which him wreathed. In the field on the right # . Under the fish TAPAI. Weight 6.50 grams. Located among the bronzes of the Museo Kazionale in Naples The statuette of a seated Silenus, who plays a rhyton with the wide opening leaning downwards on his knee 1). A rhytone but is not the object that the Silenus of our coin im Arm holds, but a cornucopia, like the clearly visible one overflowing content proves. After all, there's probably nothing in it, what with the character of Silenus (or the service of Dionysus in In general) would be incompatible, since you have the horn with Grapes that he presses into the prepared bowl can think. That it is not a Silenus at all, but a Gryllus, a grotesque figure like we see on cut stones and encounter Pompeian murals, could be, will be at If you look closely, no one will believe it. These also belong Grotesque formations, as far as I know, from a later time

1) Sfche Clarac, Muaöe de Scnlptnre {Paris 1836) Plate 734 D. No. 1771.

IateresMnt« deposits on coins from Twent and Aerius. 287

our coin. The unconventional as well as the unmannerly The height of the representation speaks against the assumption that it is in could have been an official sign in some sense.

8) Vf. Hermes head of a strongly archaic type with petasos and braid of hair around the back of the head to the right. Rf. In the quadratum incusum: billy goat walking to the right, in front of him a crescent moon, on his hind leg a bird grain, but him AIN. Weight 16.39 grams. Double pole symbols are not uncommon on the coins of Aenus. One finds the crescent moon united with the ivy leaf, the Am- phora with the astragalus, the grape with a grain of barley Above it and the caduceus with the petasos. ours But the coin differs in a peculiar way, that the one symbol is placed on the body of the goat. It should also be noted that the inscription here reads AIN instead of as usual on tetradrahms AINI or AINION. Maybe it is the piece is a little older than other known coins in the city

4) Vf. Hermes head from the style of the early, noble art period, without a braid, with petasos and free curly hair, after right. Rf. In the quadratum incusum: billy goat to the right. Before A naked child is crouching on the ground with her Leaning his left hand on the earth and playing with his right hand

288 E. J. Sei tmann: Interesting stains on coins t. Taranto tl Aenns.

“offering the goat a twig to eat.” the goat AINI. Weight 15.94 grams.

As far as I know, this coin is a Dnicum. your interest but for me it lies above all in the circumstances that the symbol with the main type on the back becomes a specific agreed action. However, there are cases in which the two are connected; but such ver- ties are of an arbitrary nature, and the action where they occur- act is one-sided. But on our coin the Dionysus symbol is enough child (we can probably see this in the figurine) dem Animals consecrate the branch to him, and the latter lusts after the will- Goat-style morsels come your way. Instead of separate ones Main and secondary types, we see a genre here pictures from the end of the 5th or the beginning of the 4th century.

A side piece - in a purely figurative sense - offers something like: the rare coin of Zakynthos, on whose reverse, according to Pro- professor v. Sallet's beautiful explanation, the Boy Asclepius, his Serpents are depicted caressing snakes - or that no less rare tetradrachm from Messana with Pan and the hare. Nevertheless, the comparison does not agree on the main points, because even with these coins you are not part of the representation can be distinguished as a separating symbol.

E.J. Seitmann.

Smaller communications.

Notes on a very rare English coin.

The coin in question was made in Livonia around 1840 found and by Dorpater Professor F. Kruse, the well-known Historian, handwritten as follows: “Ineditus. Edwin Den. 1066. Edwin fil. Edmundi 1066. Ineditus. A. EDVINE R.DE. Protome regis galeati. R. Crux Danica cum quadrato intermedio et ternis in quatuor angulis globulis. ELFREDON LVND. Edwin was never king, but Lelewel II 82 proves that he after the battle of Hastings and the death of Harald and his brothers were considered by the residents for a while King must be recognized before England can fully return to normal Mannian rule resulted. Edward's d. Bek. Coins are completely different, cf. Lelewel Atlas PI. XI 12— 15 \ The other quote from Lelewel probably refers to his work Numismatique du moyen äge, 1836. In Lappenberg's History of England (Vol. I p. 535, 547, Vol. H p. 62, 65, 71, 81, 82, 90, 92, 113-115) you can find the following information about Edwin. He was a northern English count, brother-in-law of King Harald, did not fight Hastings, fell in 1071 through treachery and assassination.

I inherited the coin from my late father and donated to the coin collection of the University of Leipzig in 1894. I asked the British Museum in 1894 about the coin on. H. A. Grueber, Assistant Keeper of Coins, wrote to me, he doesn't know the coin and the British Museum owns it

290 J* Gonns: Hans Schultes' raking penny.

they don't. The abbreviation LVND for London (Londinium or Lundinium) is common.

If a reader of this magazine is certain about the coin, If this is true, I would ask you to kindly send me a letter about it.

Leipzig, May 8, 1894.

Dr. Karl Walcker,

Private lecturer in political science at the University of Leipzig.

Hans Schultes’ rake penny.

In the last issue of the Journal for Numismatics (p. 145) claims Dr. H. Voigt that HANS SCHV- on the Calculating penny with the alphabete either the name of one school teacher or can be added to Hans Schulmeister would have to. Regarding another coin with the alphabet, which shows the letters H.S (p. 150) writes Dr. alarm clock ling: “The last two letters probably correspond to that of "Hans Schu-" cited to you. Without a doubt means Hans Schu- and H. S. the name of the well-known calculator penny maker Hans Schultes.

This Schultes was a contemporary of Hans Krauwinckels

and was also active in Nuremberg. His brother (?) Georg, whose

Names that mean letters G. S. (p. 150) was also a

Calculating penny maker. But he doesn't have that many arithmetic pennies

shaped. In "Snelling's View of the Origin. Nature and Use of

Jettons or Gounters (London 1769) tt you can find something about the

History of all these artists. In the recently published

Book “Fragments Numismatiques sur le Ganton d'Argovie.

Par B. R6ber (Genöve 1890)" are some early school medals

Switzerland mentioned.

John Gonns.

Coin find. 291

Coin find.

It will be of great interest to coin collectors learned that in Weissenburg a. Sand on September 5, 1893 when one of the Aurnhammer brothers' company was demolished A beautiful find of 12 gold coins in the barn that was purchased coins were made. They are in excellent condition and of splendid character.

The find is composed as follows: 10 pieces of gold strikes from the Nuremberg Thaler, 6 44 + 446 ducats.

Vf Imperial Eagle; on his chest medallion with the breastplate picture Ferdinand IL Inscription: FERDINAND . n. D. G. ROM • IMP • SEM . AVG • GER - H V • B . REX. Rj. Illustration of the city of Nuremberg; above them their 3 coats of arms, underneath the words: VIVIDa paX ChrJstI serVet nos teMpore trIstI, which gives the year 1631. Um- font: MO • REIPVB. NORIBERG. 1 Mahler commemorative coin, 10 ducats.

Vf middle field: .Imperial eagle with the year 1594. Rings- around 5 medallions: 1. Rudolph. I. Rome. Imp., 2nd Al- Bertus I Rome. Imp., 3. Frideric. HL P. Rome. Imp., 4. Albertus IL Rome. Imp., 5. Frideric. HU. Rome. Imp. Transcript: ROM . IMP • EX • SERENI . AVSTRIACA^- DOMO • IN • INVICTISS . RVDO. Rf. Midfield: R with crown above, r. and 1st imperial eagle. There are 5 medallions all around: 1. Mazimili. I. Rome. Imp., 2. Carolus V. Rome. Imp., 3. Ferdinandus Rome. Imp., 4. Maximili. IL Rome. Imp., 5. Rudolph. II. Rome. Imp.; Transcript: LPHI. n • EI9 DEMQ^DOM • HONOREM • NORI • FV-MCPRIVIL. 1 Fugger Thaler, 12 ducats.

Vf. Reichsadler, inscription: FERDINAND VS • II • ROM » IMP • SEMPER • AVG VSTVS •

292 coin finds.

RF coat of arms with the year 1621. Inscription: MAX- FVGGERVS • L • B • IN • KIRHB • ET . W. D - IN • BAB-

The total weight is therefore 70 ducats Gold value of Mk. 665.

With the exception of the commemorative coin, all coins come from from the time of the Thirty Years' War. They probably are was recovered here during the Thirty Years' War and until now remained hidden. From 1632 onwards the Imperials took over the City of Weissenburg repeats one, looting and burning the same estimating.

There is one in the immediate vicinity of the demolition site long building, belonging to the city, still called barracks today. It served to accommodate the Reich Guard.

Literature.

Engel, Arthur: Rapport sur une mission archeology en

Spain (1891). Paris, Erneste Leroux, 1893. 8 T0 . 111 p.

With 2 plates and many illustrations printed in the text.

(Special print from the Nouvelles archives des missions scientif.

T.ffl, 1892.) The booklet owes its existence to a journey that... the author on a higher mission to investigate the much controversial antiquarian work, which was carried out by Yecla (Prov. Albacete) from the Oerro de los Saptos (i.e. hill of the Saints) are said to have been excavated. With the report on this (pp. 49 - 85) is an overview of the archaeological collections connected, which some places in southern France and all of the Places in Spain visited by Mr. Author (pp. 1-48), Of particular interest to us is the short message on page 41 the E. Coin Collection in Madrid. But what a meeting justified at this point, the numismatic part is p. 89 to 111, which tells the author on this trip known 43 Inedita treated, mostly from the known praised collection of Mr. Vidal Quadras y Ramon in Barce- lona originating. There are among these as outstanding too name: 10 Trents of Visigoth kings, of which 3 still unknown mints, namely a Reccared from Cala- bacia (CALABACIAV:CTOR), a Svintila of Calahorra and one from Egica and Wittica from Egabro, also the denarius Raimund Berengar's I. Count of Barcelona, from French

Magazine for NnmUmtük. XIX. 20

294 literature.

Styl, while his gold coins are the Arabian gold mancus connect, some stamps of the diocese of Gerona, among which one seems particularly strange, the one on the farm next to a scale with the inscription IVSTVM, on the Rf. GIRVNDA around a cross shows. Then are the Counts of Ampurias, Besalu, Urgel, Roussillon and the bishopric of cattle represented to whom some important pieces from later times follow, namely a double gold doubloon with the seated images from Ferdinand and Isabella and a Philip III worth 100 gold thalers. The excellent images of all these coins give the font a special Wetfh. H.D.

Arthur Engel and Raymond Serrure: Traitä de numismatique you moyen-age. Tome II. Paris, Ernest Leroux 1894. gr. 8°. pp. 353-943. With 813 text illustrations. This volume is dedicated to the “denier f6odal tt”. So useful is the one according to Vol. XVIII p. 74 of this magazine Basic division of the coins in question Be that as it may, it still brings with it the evil that the demarcation, especially downwards, does not apply to all divisions is the same, so you sometimes don't know whether an untouched section like the coins of noblemen von Diepholz, whether an important coin, like that of Friedrich von Sehagen, Vogtes von Wildeshausen (Vol. XV p. 278 d. Z.) forgotten or rather reserved for the following period is. By the way, there is a concern arising from this Essentially the tip broke off due to the fact that at the In individual sections, the beginning and end of time are usually the case it is indicated that time goes z. B. in France from the Eapetingem until the introduction of the penny (Turnosen). Louis IX, in Italy from the end of the IX. until the second half of the XIII. Century, on the Pyrenean Peninsula from the XI. until to the XIVth century, etc., and in cases of doubt, such as the above

Literature. 295

thought, we have to cover what is missing here in the following volume expect to find.

The entire enormous mass of the material dealt with here is broken down into 15 geographically distinct chapters, beginning with France's royal and baronial coins (Chapters I and II). But true to what was stated in the preface (Vol. I p. XXXII), principles expressed by Mader and Grote that each geographical arrangement of historical monuments of them contemporary geography must correspond to the country given its former borders, so it is Catalonia for him increased because it remained under French rule until 1258. sovereignty, but on the other hand Besanjon, Provence, Arles, Avignon, Orange, Vienne, Lyon and the rest of the southeast France, which at that time belonged to the Kingdom of Burgundy, in Chapter IV “les fiefs des anciens royaumes de Bourgogne et de Provence", which therefore also includes the county Allotted to Savoy. For the same reason it is Silesia annexed to Poland (Chapter IX) and the states Bohemia and Moravia a separate section (Chapter X), far from dedicated to Austria, which was classified under Germany. The other departments except for our fatherland. There is no reason to make any comments in this regard, as they are more firmly are bordered, for example Italy (Chapter V), by the Pyrenees Peninsula (Chapter VI), the Brittan Islands (Chapter VII), Scandinavia (Chapter VIII), Hungary along with Slavonia and Dalmatia (Chapter XI), Bussland and the South Slavic states (Chapter XII), the Byzantine • Tinian Empire (Chapter XIII), the “Orient Latin” (Chapter XIV), final- namely Armenia and Georgia, to which the Turkoman descendants formations of Byzantine coins (Chapter XV). But as far as Germany (Chapter III) is concerned, the same thing is the case its then wide extent, so that it too Lorraine», today's Belgium and the Netherlands as well as the German Switzerland understands, while the French one with the king Rich Burgundy (Chapter IV) is to be sought. This whole big thing is offered, following my book about “the German coins

20*

296 Literature.

the Saxon and Frankish imperial period", in the old ducal thümer divided, so: 1) Lorraine with the sub-divisions Moselland, Netherlands and Rhineland, 2) Friesland or northern lish Netherlands, 3) Saxony with the subdivisions of Western falen, Lower Saxony, Thuringia, Brandenburg - Pomerania (including also the German order coins), 4) francs, 5) Swabians and Switzerland, 6) Bavaria and Austria. Finding your way is through the table of contents pp. 931-943 makes it easier.

How abundant the material used here is, that's to be expected When you look through the book, you become consciously aware that his, and everyone who has a particularly familiar section picked out and studied with attention, perhaps Missing some of the things that are close to his heart. But unfair it would be if one wanted to regard this as a significant defect. draw, because you can record all the details yourself not expect from such a large-scale work, his Rather, the task is simply to trace the development of the coin nature in general, naming the mint owners and to outline it, highlighting the most important characteristics, and this has been achieved here, in particular the coin History is consistently given attention, e.g. B., by just one worth mentioning is the highly important Ordonnance of Louis X from 1315 (p. 374), which was so disastrous for the baronial coinage was, in its individual provisions, to the relevant person Places reproduced verbatim. From the fullness of what is offered something is to be named as exquisitely remarkable hardly possible, especially since things are generally larger Meaning, how coin tolerates the gradual degeneration and the retention of the old character (immobilization and d6g6n6rescence), the exceptional use of the vernacular already in the Introduction (Vol. I p. IX - LXXXVII) have found appreciation. Only the fact should be stated that the appearance of the French written place names on the denarii of Matthaeus'II of Lorraine (Nancei, Prinei, Muricort, Linivile, Cirkes). Explanation is found through this Duke's decree that all

Literature. 297

public documents in French Lorraine in French, and in the German part of the country in German should be caught. And furthermore it should be pointed out Proof of the mint masters named on the coins p. 381, 486, 487, 493, 497, 507, 569, 572, 573, whereas the Germans have fallen somewhat short. The reader is included by name the sections that he did not consider part of his specialist studies similarly, there are interesting things everywhere on the cover and find abundance. At least as far as I know the literature, I believe that the authors have read them carefully and understandably. nissvoll, and that is why their work is so accurate and is more complete than the current state of science makes it-' Allows a restriction is at most with regard to our father- country without causing any blame against the masters Authors should be raised, to whom we must rather thank, that although they are well acquainted with the danger (p. 513), they are aware of it so infinitely difficult and therefore from our own compatriots people fearfully avoided processing of the German coinage have undergone. The difficulty lies in this extraordinary abundance of German coins and especially in that no other country has the same level of literacy is afflicted with loose coins, but then in the partly straight the resulting inadequacy and incompleteness of ours Literature. There's not much you can do with compilation here, man must conduct research himself and, based on important collections, as they do, whether as their own or as public ones, not to everyone are accessible, work hard for years to achieve unity to penetrate knowledge. Who among us would hold on now? probably already considered capable of an in-depth German coinage history to write in the Middle Ages? The Müller view is only one stuck in the beginnings of highly inadequate understanding seek to deter rather than invite succession is suitable for the foreigner if he also No matter how well prepared it is, the prerequisite for Access to a sufficient collection is lacking and he will

298 literature.

therefore essentially only refers to the books, and some of them quite inadequate ones, such as B. see the cap *). see. No wonder, then, that this state of affairs here comes to light; As a conscientious judge, I can Don't ignore it in silence, yes, I don't have to not to disparage the book, which is so praiseworthy, but for what It is possible to make corrections in the final volume, which I would like to make highlight the concerns that have arisen, although I am of course against it, as if I didn't have many of them left missed that others may notice.

On p. 528 it is a misunderstanding that the “in German "Floor" finds of coins from the XI. century. numerous contain Anglo-Saxon pennies, but that only applies to them upscale in the Slavic and Scandinavian countries. The related comment about English influence on the Mint of the German denarii of the XI. century is difficult to determine based, at least I can tell from Figs. 940-948 illustrated coins from Duisburg, Andernach, Bruno von Fries- Land and Deventer are unrecognizable; and why do you want to also especially the Duisburg stamp cutters, who are us Such wonderful features are certainly of our own invention, such as: B. the with the magnificent buildings and with the enthroned Empress have delivered, can definitely be reduced to imitators? Individual Echoes in the busts, the buildings and other things figurative accessories are in the air, so to speak, rest on the shared views of their contemporaries and cannot in any way be based on replicating foreign coin patterns

!) The gentlemen speak of how little they think of Cappe's activity Author Vol. I p. XXIV and p. 604, but you have to Leitzmann, whom they put on a level with him in the former place, set a little higher, he is not so uncritical, in the field of bracteates quite Really reliable, and his guide despite everything, in my opinion This book (Berl. Bl. III p. 245, IV p. 119) does not conceal its weaknesses hard-working and useful work. The shortcomings of his literary work are mostly explained by his isolation in the country, and by the early period in which he wrote.

Literature. 299

lead back. P. 531. The list of older Germans Sterlinge would be completed by Konrad von Osnabrück 1227-1238 (Cap VIII 52) and Dietrich IX of Kleve 1275- 1305 (Rev. Beige 1856 Plate IV 3), also would probably be with the English and Irish replicas of Scottish sterling (Lügde, Schwalenberg). p. 536. Heavy The denarii with Hainrius dux denari are in Mecklenburg at home, as Thomsen's catalog assumes, but probably, According to Grote's view (sheet, f. Mzkde III p. 266), by Heinrich the lion. P. 540. Metz coins with Deodericus presul on Both sides are at least unknown to me and also in the The latest coin history of this pen, by Robert, is not applicable find. P. 541. Against the allocation of the head denarii to Adal- The finds speak of Bert III of Metz (instead of the second). in a way that cannot be misunderstood (see Vol. H p. 732 of my previous drawn work). P. 542. In RVOMIUNGIS we probably have Today's Rümlingen near Esch an der Alzich (Luxembourg). see. P. 595 has the ugly misprint of Adolf von Habsburg to correct. P. 600 is the autonomous denarius Bruno's (Dannenb. 378) overlooked. P. 605 says the Cologne quarter pennies Because of their small size, they wore a cross instead of the building; that is incorrect, with one single exception they have regularly equal to the whole and half pennies that characterize them Church, only the inscription has been omitted. p. 606. The coin Xanten is not the first Konrad von Hochstaden (not Hochstadt) opens, like the beautiful denarii of its predecessor Hermann H teach. P. 607. The alleged gap among angels bert is represented by his denarius with S. Golonia (Mzstud. VII p. 66, Plato plate II 31). P. 608. Also in the city of Kleve the counts coined. P. 611. That so far no coins The Siegburg Abbey came to light is correct if it should refer to the Denarius period, otherwise not apt (Mzstud. VII 63). P. 616. Also from Kreuznach we denarii Rosemanns von Isenburg - Kempenich (Mzstud. VII 192). P. 633. The people of Dortmund are hardly happy with Hein-

300 literature.

Rich II and at the same time Otto III names were created by To look at stamp exchange, they are more likely to compare the denarii, which were of Louis the Pious Glorifying names (Dannenb. 410, 766, 1528). p. 636 And neither is No. 596 Dannenb. with Otto dux and Heremon a hermaphrodite coin; This view is based essentially on Friedlaender's incorrect assumption here that the Hermann the Emden denarii (Dannenb. 772, 773). Ravensberger is; On the other hand, if you take it with me for Otto's Brother, any strangeness about this connection disappears both names (Dannenb. II p. 649). P. 642. Diepholz is missing and Hohenlimburg, but maybe we have some of these Gentlemen's minted coins can be expected in the following volume; these Westphalian denarii, especially those from Bremen, Minden, Soest and Wolfhagen extend deep into the Dime time. P. 644. The following sterling should be added Irish style: B8RN- HKRD-R8X III Rf. BIL-BVa- IiDQ-QIV, p. 646. The Minden denarii with the coiners are probably in a similar way to the comb on champagne Coins, the rake on those of Rethel, the gate on the Genoese, the arrow on those of Sai'da (see p. 478), the Falcon on the stones on Falkensteinern (Freckleben plate IV 92 up to 100) (Dannenb. p. 282). P. 648. Also from that There are denarii in Paderborn Driburg or Iburg (Plato Plate I 12, Mzstud. VI p. 82, my basic features, plate VII 58). P. 650. Given the rarity of the coins from Helmershausen on the Konrad Mader V 73 and the Sterling from Heinrich (num.-sphragist. Anzeiger 1884 p. 33, 1885 p. 13) attentive made. P. 656. D^r anonymous corveier from the Knuts style (Mader V p. 112, Plato I 16) belongs without question in time 1200, later rather than earlier. — Mars montis thanks Marsberg Its existence is only due to Oappe's error (by the way, see Dannenb. II p. 639) p. 659. Hattingen (and later Unna) are also listed as Counts' Brandenburg mints are known. P. 660. The Brandenburg Chess beam first appears under Adolf II. P. 662. Not

Literature. 301

“Sometimes” is the final word amen in the Adelheids. prints and just as little is “sometimes-* the Otto through Oddo replaced, but on most of them the amen is missing, and that belongs to Otto instead of Oddo, apart from the denarii with amen, to the extremely rare exceptions; Mader (IV 50) knew it not at all. — The Adelheid coins with heads are made by themselves Menadier, whom the authors follow, and more generally and undeniable assumption an imitation of the Ethelreds, therefore after 978, i.e. h. Minted under Otto III, as was the case Mader (IV 51) expressly notes this. Therefore p. 664 is at Duke Bernhard I to improve Otto I into Otto III. P. 667 would have P. J. Meier's writing about the highly important find by Mödesse (Archive f. Br. II 225) because of its importance for the knowledge of Henry the Lion's bracteates should be, which, however, happened in Hildesheim p. 684. P. 665. The ducal Saxon bracteates are by no means of the XIII. Century, everyone is silent, rather we have Albrecht I no fewer than four different ones with full inscriptions. Also the denarii of the Brandenburg type should be commemorated being, especially the one with WITTQB6 (Bahrfeldt, Aschersleben Plate III 142) and that of Rudolf I with RO (Berl. BL IV p. 50). P. 669. For a second bracteate from Wölpe, see Vol. VII Plate VI 86 this magazine. — The writing bracteate would be switched on here of Count Ludolf II of Hallermund 1191-1255 (Vol. VIII p. 198). P. 672. The beautiful denarius with SIOE-LVBICENS. SV is probably from Henry the Lion, who is named after Helmold A mint was established in Lübeck in 1158 and was not minted by him Bishops, because only with the XVI. Century begins the series of episcopal coins. P. 673. See a Count of Schwerin Denarius has Grote Mzstud. VII Plate 19 No. 10 announced. 8. 674. In addition to those that have gradually decreased in size Bracteates are found in Mecklenburg in the XHI. and XIV century. also struck Brandenburg-style pfennigs, from which However, only the one with ROSTOT6 has writing (see Vol. IV Plate V 61, Vol.V pp. 199-204 d. Z.). p. 677. Except bracteates and semi-

302 Literature.

Konrad von Halberstadt also gave us true denarii in bracteates left with clear inscriptions (Vol. XI Plate III 3, 4 of this year). — Ulrich's enumeration of bracteates would be through which he beat the bear together with Albrecht (Freckleben I 17, Leukfeld Magd. p. 181, Becker VI 164), for sale complete. P. 679. Albrecht the bear also has namely semi-bracteates (Archiv f. Br. II 79, 302). P. 680. From the long and interesting series of bracteates Bernhards would be those with the mint masters Burchard Helt and Helmoldus, citing Elze's writing on “the coins Bernhard's Count of Anhalt, Duke of Saxony" (Berlin 1870 and 1881), as well as his denarii (Posern plate XL VI 16, Berl. Bl. IV p. 49). P. 681. The County In 1290 Brena did not fall to Anhalt, but to Saxony, as is also correctly stated on p. 713. p. 681 note 1 instead of Freck- lives were Stenzel's numismat. to cite studies. P. 682. This Casterum Adelberti cm is more likely to refer to the Count of Veitheim 1160-1195 (Weyl Berl. Mzbl. 1512). p. 684. We now also know true bracteates from the Hildesheimer Bishops Konrad I and Hartbert I (Vol. VII 398 AD), Heinrich I (Mzstud. I Taf. 29 No. 6, Vol. XVII 247 d. Z.) and Otto I (Schöne- man VI 96), with the strange OTTO OTTNS (i.e. Ottonis filius). In addition, a series of mostly unwritten denarii XIV century (Weyl Berl. Mzbl. 1403). P. 688. Also two-sided The Quedlinburg abbesses made pennies. p. 689. Schönemann's explanation of the HERODIVE DENART by Falken- pfennig has probably found general recognition. Not less but deserves mention here at Falkenstein (Goslar?). the wonderful bracteate with ME FICIDeRTH-V-eLHAR (Weyl Berl. Mzbl. 1285) and because of its unique existence Picture of the first human couple next to the one of the snake winding tree of knowledge perhaps still inter- essantere (a. a. 0.). P. 691. Except the safe bracteates of Heidenreich and Otto would probably also have the ones with just that The city name Magadeburg should be mentioned. — The bracteate

Literature. 303

with NRIALSL is also available in real copies and not even rare, but certainly not appropriate according to Alsleben (Num. Zeit. 1839 p. 205, Schönemann p. 54). p. 692 or already 613 was B.C. Posern's important work: “Saxony's coins in Middle Ages" (Leipzig 1846), which only occasionally appears on p. 710 occurs. P. 665 s. “The written bracteates of the Margraviate Meissen" (Archive f. Br. I 131, 211). P. 696. The Mint Freiberg is mentioned on the only bracteate with VRIBERG Bl. f. Mzfrde Plate XLII 14. P. 698. Not DCO—AD, but MCO — AD has my Unicum (not “quelques bract6ates a”) instead The interpretation given here should therefore be read Adalbertus marchio (Köhne N. F. p. 291, Bahrfeldt Brand. p. 78). — By the way We also got very big feedback from Ulrich from Wettin. teaten (Berl. Bl. IV Pl. XLIH 1 , Bl. f. Mzfrde XIII 1 , 3). P. 703. Suiza was also a landgrave's mint, like that Bracteate with Mauritius around a picture of a bishop (Bl. f. Mzfrde 1446 Plate 96 No. 1) proves. P. 708. The peculiar procedure, Bracteates with two pistils, one raised and one hidden deepened, or with a stamp that is partially deepened partly raised, or simply raised cut, is out of the question in Erfurt and Nordhausen also in Magdeburg, Halberstadt and Breslau was used (Köhne N. F. Plate X 50, Vol. VIII p. 17 of this magazine, BL f. Mzfrde 1343, Freckleben p. 27, Archive for Br. 1 231, Friedensburg No. 495). P. 712. Instead of counts can be read Lords of Schlotheim. — Probably rightly so the beautiful bracteate Bode plate II 8 with King Conrad III's name and title and added Lampertus to one also named Attributed to Count von Gleichen (Weyl B. Mzbl. 1352). p. 713. The Wimmelburger Denarius cannot be used as a half-bracteate designate. P. 715. The transcription OTCVLM of No. 1188 would have probably, like some others, deserves an explanation because that Otto Cunradus Lusatiae marchiones doesn't turn out that way easily. — Also the bracteate with G0RLI2 (from Posern XLV 16) would have been accepted as one of the few Lusatian written coins can find. P. 724. Among the oldest mints

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Pomeranian dukes, Demmin is forgotten. P. 727. Friedberg is certified as an imperial mint by denarii of Hein- rich VI and Friedrich H. In addition, Oppenheim (Mader IV plate IV 59). P. 729. That in Würzburg was already minted before Otto II, Vol. I p. 263 is correct. says. P. 730. Wetzlar was not only under Philip and Otto IV (not half-bractates, but large, thin denarii). but also under Konrad IV. In addition, Kalsmunt, to name the imperial castle above Wetzlar, because with their The find from Nauborn (Vol. XVI p. 151 d. Z.) has our name beautiful denarii delivered by Barbarossa p. 732. The so remarkable worthy one-sided denarius (Count Palatine Ludwig II) from Alzei (flMi-Z-B'I-G-Q-) seems to have remained unknown to the authors be because it is not published in a specialist publication but in the media divisions of the historian Association of the Palatinate (issue 9) published is. P. 736. Given the great paucity of our literature on The interesting Würzburg coins would have Mader's treatise (IV p. 226 - 250) deserves to be cited, and especially the denarius Bishop Otto's with the Jewish mint master Jechiel's name in Hebrew letters (Mader IV plate V 72, vol. meeting b. p. 4). — St. Theres is to be deleted, which is here The denarius is probably from Bamberg (Mitth. d. Bavarian num. Ges. X p. 31). P. 738. There are also from Biedenkopf and Homburg Denarii of Sophia (Bl. f. Mzkde I No. 21), no less Brak- teaten, partly with the names of the Marburg mints and Alsfeld (Num. Zeit. 1837 p. 103, num.-sphrag. Anz. 1879 p. 99). P. 739. Berthold has his denarii in Rauschenberg and Nidda minted (Bl. f. Mzfrde p. 1630). P. 741. The transcription of the Siegen Obole is IVOSLL — DV8CO, not RVOBERDVS CO. P. 744. Given the extremely small number of Swabian scripts bracteates you would have with LIMDAVGIA, RAVENc/>PVRG (Num. Zeit.1866), PIbRAHE.ENSSIS.MON6TA (Num. Zeit. 1861 Taf.II79, Archive for Br. II 217), HAINRIC6PC (Archive for Br. I Plate III 12), gladly seen cited. P. 748. Even if you take the Thion- Berthold, found in ville, ascribes to the Bishop of Toul, so

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still remains an undeniable mark of the oldest Breisgau counts in Dannenb. Tai. 61 No. 1378, important as oldest of all the European royal houses still flourishing today. P. 753. In addition to Zofingen, Laufenburg was an active Habsburg Mint. P. 761. That we don't have any coins from that time between the Bavarian dukes Heinrich VII and Heinrich XII preserved by the lion is no longer correct, it falls in this time, apart from the silent impressions, the bridge pfennigs with RATISPONA and also from the Duke and beaten to the bishop with the bishop's name Hartwich (Vienna number Z. 1880 [XXII] p. 25 ff.). Also the episcopal one Regensburg pfennig with Konrad I (1126-1131) name (Kat Thomsen No. 4870) must be added to page 764. P. 764 The diocese of Eichstädt, where Heribert left his mark, is missing (Dannenb. No. 1383). P. 766. Krems is an Austrian mint. site known in documents since 1157 (Vienna number Z. 1878 p.254). P. 768. The numerous silent Carinthian and Styrian people Compared to denarii there would be a somewhat more comprehensive list with writing by Friedrich, Ottokar, Rudolf desired it was only to the one with 06 6R6I2 (Vienna num. Z. XI 258) and the very strange IÄDKÜS RB (a. a. 0. XIX 252) remembers p. 796 (not 976) the Poppo is missing (Vol. XIV Plate XIII 6 d. Z.), with which the series of coins from Aquileia begins; should He was suspected of being unauthentic, like she was on this one Document from 1028 granting the patriarchs the right to mint rests, has been omitted, then the doubter has in Egl. Coin cabinet Opportunity to convince yourself of its undeniable authenticity. P. 843. Because of the rarity of the title, the XIHTRIC CVNVNC (Vol. I 368 d. Z.) to be added. P. 849. Immediate Predecessor of the extremely rare single denarius by Sven Tveskäg are the semi-bractates, which were first correctly recognized by Hauberg are still issued for Polish in Vol. I 332. P. 854. As The oldest coin with a Christian year is that of 1247 (?) with ÄRßO DOflöttl Rf. flMKIXX .... I (Köhne V plate VIII 1, Mader V p. 147) highly worth mentioning. P. 868. The

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The strange runic coins from the Gräslid find are from Magnus II and Olaf Kyrre. But that no. 1335 not Magnus II, but belongs to the first, makes, among other things, the Ploric find (Berl. Bl. VI 269) almost to the point of certainty. P. 860. Under Olaf's Skot- konungs coins was specifically the one with SMELLINC ME PROFecit worth performing. P. 868. For Silesia this was peace to attract Burg's work. P. 870. The Silesian - Polish Opposite bracteates are those in the XIII. century following them Silesian and Bohemian style can by no means be called small. P. 874. The distribution of the Boleslav coins among the three Dukes of this name is very in nature disputed, but there is agreement on the allocation of the swords coins to the eldest. P. 875. As far as I know at least, Wissehrad never has the nickname sancta. P. 876. Among the Jaromir's particularly stand out is the one from Pilsen (Berl. Bl. I Plate II 89) and those of the Ethelred type (a. a. 0. 88, sheet f. Mzkde II plate XX 313). P. 879. As something unprecedented from Vladislaw (f 1125) the denarius with SATAMAVS (Vienna num. Z. XIX Plate II 85) deserves citation, as does p. 896 The fact that Stephen III and IV appear on their coins Some have the title of iceman.

Of course, the above is passed over Additions, which are the latest, during printing literature offers, for example regarding the Lords of Apolda, Eilenburg, Pack, Plesse (vol. XIV session book p. 39), the count von Veitheim, the Burgrave of Hammerstein, etc., and likewise Everything that was presented in the recently published second volume of my thought work brings, in particular my different corresponding view regarding Winoxberg, Adalbero I and II of Metz and the Adelheid coins are presented. You can see that the previous existing memories, almost exclusively relating to German territory. limits, only to a small extent, inaccuracies to the contrary have standing; they are natural to a German reader- born out of wishes, . the coinage of one's own father country can be seen presented in a more comprehensive manner. The same thing

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I would like to express my gratitude to the coin illustrations. They are generally the same as those in Volume I satisfactory, sometimes even beautiful, but excellent beauty of many of our North German bracteates from Barba- Rossa's time cannot be adequately understood here, of these magnificent works of Romanesque art is actually only the bracteate of Albrecht the Bear with his wife (No. 1197) and not even quite enough (like most of them Schlumberger taken over) shown while the title page a Halberstadt Stephans who is neither beautiful nor interesting carries a penny. Of the numerous magnificent bractates Barba- rossa^, Wigmanns of Magdeburg, Ulrichs of Halberstadt, Beatrix and Adelheid of Quedlinburg, Henry the Lion, Duke Bernhard, etc., many people would have thought Dig representative of old German art recommended for illustration. Of course, in order to be fair, we must remember that it is It will not be easy to obtain the necessary templates abroad to procure items that are not found everywhere here either. So if we allow ourselves to be satisfied with what is offered, we must know that the gentlemen authors are faced with such a difficult task have done what one would reasonably expect could, so that their work joins the first volume worthy and perfect for both aspiring and experienced coin enthusiasts can be recommended. Both classes of readers are included to the undersigned, Messrs. Engel and Serrure, together with them Thank you for your excellent, painstaking work, good luck! for shout out the last volume that is still outstanding. H.D.

H. Dannenberg, The German coins of the Saxon and Franconian imperial period. Second volume. With a map and XXXIX plates. Berlin, Weidmannsche bookstore 1894. There will be few “coin books” that are like this enjoy widespread distribution, as the first one appeared in 1876 volume of Dannenberg's great work. Through

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The oldest German stamps are second to none circles became accessible, as until then there were numerous Had to look up various works and magazines with these monuments a large and interesting association to make the past known. So came Dannenberg's book towards a really existing need, it has that the most beautiful success a researcher could wish for had that the coins of the time in question now greater attention was paid to everyone: numerous Rich new stamps appeared in the collections, and then In fact, more finds have now been found, including some from... German interior lands, the description they deserve and Description. So it can't come as a surprise that we... Mr. Author now with such an extensive and in every Relationship worth full addendum if you this expression on such an important gleaning may apply.

In the present volume the number of pages increases 510 to 757, that of the illustration plates from 61 to 100 and the of the coins treated - not counting those, as before, not Counted stamp differences - from 1390 to 1866. No fewer than 52 new finds have been exploited those of Vossberg and Ladeinoje are rich in content Poles are on top. Very significantly increased, especially in Consideration for the research and discoveries of foreign countries teacher, are the sections which are no longer part of the kingdom belong to him or only through the glorious war of 1870/71 Treat areas that have recovered again, i.e. the Netherlands and Lorraine, but also Germany proper, has everything its areas, namely the Rhineland and the Harz areas, experience important enrichments, and finally occurs a completely new 1) group, that of Austrian coins

1) “New” is used here and everywhere in the following in relation to this Contents of the first volume used, regardless of whether the relevant Coin has since been published and discussed elsewhere.

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the beginning of the 20th century, which we consider the great finds von Rackwitz, in the area of our interest. The number of new ones added to those already known is large. menden mints: Gambray, St. Omer, Lens, Alost, Eenham, Wessem, Tournay, Luxembourg, Bonn, Prüm, Rhynsburg, Zwoll, Ballen städt, Braunschweig, Gittelde, Bursfelde, Nordheim, Barde- wieck, Helmershausen, Marsberg, Arnstadt, St. Gallen and Aquileja. We also get to know a number of new mint owners: except which was only made possible by the discoveries of Meisterswalde, Witzmitz and Klein- Countess Adela, secured by Roschard, was the Duke of Lorraine Gieselbert, Count Dietmar from Billung, Counts Heinrich, Udol and II of Stade, Margrave Heinrich the Fat of Nordheim and the patriarch Poppo of Aquileia 1 ) called it deserves It should be noted that these additions, their determination and determination in many cases to Menadier's diligent research is owed to the coinage of the smaller princes make a much richer one appear than was previously known. We now have coins from the Counts of Katlenbur$, Ballenstadt, Winzenburg, Counts Dietmar and Eilhard among others. m. — a Statement that was important for the understanding and assessment of the people at that time constitutional and political conditions are not without value is. Among the most interesting innovations that Mr Ver- barrel, the Braunschweig denarius belongs to Margrave Egbert II with the German inscription: GIEVE ED(b)ERTVS (No. 1579), that Side piece to the inscription that has now finally been recognized as German the Gittelder Pfennige (No. 1220 fg.), which are used as talking coins come to an agreement, also strange little ones because of their character Denarii Robert I of Flanders (No. 155, 158). Over- Unfortunately, there is still something very interesting about it here quite neglected study of the coin images, some of which are worth full material. Apart from the Austrians, who are similar

*) It is probably safe to assume that the EU. this one Mania (No. 1731) appearing next to the church building, Ton Dannenberg The letters AOX~b are the abbreviation of the name Aquileja give.

Magazine fer Nuniraifttik. XUL21

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the youngest Regensburg residents of this period (No. 1714 fg.). in relation to her contemporaries, extremely striking wealth Developing the imagination is particularly important in terms of character relegated to the western half of the empire, where delicately decorated Thrown and cleanly executed, and in many cases highly original Find images on coins, while the East deals almost exclusively with them traditional representations are sufficient. If permitted, a A few particularly interesting images should be highlighted the Flanders (No. 155 fg., especially No. 1448 with three fish, which certainly have a religious meaning and not as a coat of arms to be addressed), the Liège No. 1471 fg. and 1487 fg. mentioned. It should also be noted that what was previously called a tricorn hat, but already in 1857 by the author correctly as a sign of Holy Trinity recognized and entered here again The figure discussed (p. 514) is, among other things, on Austrian pennies nigen (Plate 90 No. XVII, 29 and 30) and that one can find there (ibid No. XV, 27 a, b) and in Worms (No. 1646) Roman coins (with two prisoners sitting under a banner or the Images of Empress Helena) imitated while bishop William of Utrecht copied a Bohemian Brzetislaw (No. 1544). But above all, that's what's on the title page. formed a medallion with the Roman bust of Hein- Rich I, the only portrait of this prince on a coin similar works should be mentioned 1).

In addition, this news in the true sense comes into play nor the numerous cases in which the second volume of readings, Interpretations and attributions of his predecessor corrected, and the It would take too much time to list them. Such corrections we owe, among other things, the allocation of already known coins the mints at Zw oll and Bardewieck, to the Counts of Stade, Count Eilhard and others. That's what the mint comes for

>) It is unfortunate and not right that this is extremely strange 8 pieces were not included in the work itself, like the copper and brass Bennos (No. 759 fg.) and the one that follows them closing Heinrich (No. 1586).

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Malmädy in discontinuation, the denarii No. 273/274 moved here are allocated to Wessem Abbey for good reasons. Be- There is also the Frisian Liudolf with the Cologne city name (No. 497), which, among other things, also gave our author a lot of headaches break and cost a lot - paper, and now (No. 1826) turns out to be a penny from St. Trond (5 TRVDO). The supposed Villingen pfennigs of Zähringer Berthold are recognized as those of the Bishop of Toul of the same name (p. 550), while the two denarii numbers 1181 and 1181a, the one Names like “Brungnistaf seemed to turn out to be now Eichstätter mint of the mint master Brun.

As far as the overview of what the gentleman tells us new material offered. This closes on the outside second volume exactly to the first by keeping the count which continues coins and pages, of course also printing and features of its predecessor; Classification and The treatment of the material is the same here and there. Unfortunately it is The overview of the whole thing is now even more difficult: because The second volume, like the first, is also very comprehensive Addendum received and you are now forced to pass a coin four departments to follow before you can be sure of the last one can determine the results of the research. Particularly difficult is to place a coin according to the number in the new volume find, as may result from the fact that e.g. B. on p. 612 fg the numbers 581a, 1554, 1555, 1390, 1262, 1237, 1556 in come one after the other in this order. The gentleman author is obviously fully aware of these inconveniences and has endeavored to identify them through references. lifting, but even he got lost sometimes, and stuff like that can be found - otherwise a great rarity in his works - individual cases where text and illustrations do not overlap with each other agree, e.g. E.g. there is the Pfennig No. 1225 a mentioned on page 721 not on panel 93 next to its text neighbors, but on panel 94 and the better illustration of No. 37 announced on p. 548 is completely missing. For this reason we want to

21*

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to fully enjoy the work done here, I wish that the author would once again provide us with one uniform and summarized presentation of this important issue chapter of our science: a wish, who, despite Mr. Dannenberg's age, stands out on every page Brilliant freshness of mind and enthusiasm for work are definitely not a pium desiderium".

Nowadays, when reviewing a book, one expects that the rapporteur doesn't just state what's in it find and learn from it and to what extent the author of his task has been done justice, but it is more and more It has become common practice for the reviewer to get as large as possible Number of more or less important details independently takes a stand against the author and him, if at all possible, convicted of an error or other injustice. It be permitted not to use this usage here: it It is known that Mr. Dannenberg is also in the presentation contentious issues tend to be given in full, and so may every reader and researcher regarding the numerous issues discussed here Delten points of doubt, uncertain assignments, etc make your own judgment. Because that's so difficult for someone materials to be treated and with such a wealth of monuments not gained incontrovertible truth everywhere or even just is to be won is a given from the outset fixed 1). That's also the number of pieces that are still unexplained in spite of so many happy dispensations before among them- The amount of pennies sold has not become smaller, but has become considerable grown. There is only one question I would like to personally comment on take which, if not the most important, at least one of the most important The most important things covered in this book are, namely,

*) A particularly important question that the incoming Rrörtarang What is waiting is whether real gold coins were already being blown back then. has coined individually (see p. 513). A comparison of the documented ones would also be useful News about the empire's mints with the existing Mfins Y^r-aH» dHnf \t*a v "inr^h^ nQ wer*h.

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lent to the question of whether the ones under the name Adelheidsdenarius Known coins belong to Emperor Otto I or III Because these coins are the most common from the Saxon Ice Age and from a certain time limit onwards in all finds come, often forming their main mass, it is obvious that that it is this for the entire numismatic chronology It is of paramount importance to determine whether she is 40 years sooner or later. Dannenberg's view, who spends these pennies in accordance with Cappe and Fried- country to Otto III is, as is well known, recently given by Me- nadier with all the effort of scholarship that this Researchers are distinguished, unfortunately in a way characterized by the abundance of secondary Other questions discussed here have become confusing Essay l) been fought against; as it seems to us: wrongly. Gives you have to admit that all the pennies are with the name the Adelheid belong together in the sense that their influence is based on the same legal basis, and one recognizes that the variety with the portrait under the influence of the since 978 coined by Ethelred, then m. £. the question about Decided in favor of Otto III. Because even just a few need a credible explanation as to why Otto the Great followed his coronation as emperor and continued after his death On these coins in particular, they are only labeled with the title of king should have been, has not yet been found. From a »type immobilis6 tf, such as the simultaneous spherical cross with the transcription of Louis the Pious, is not possible talk, where the character is several times as thorough in all its aspects In parts, even the name of the Empress has been changed appears in significantly different spellings. But as far as the documents cited by Menadier are concerned, according to which Adelheid's position under constitutional law was by far should not have been as influential and important as that the Theophano, so I can once in the formulas with which

1) Quite recently Menadier has once again brought his view to the fore. liner coin sheets 1894 No. 166 fg. presented in a shorter summary.

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to fully enjoy the work done here, I wish that the author would once again provide us with one uniform and summarized presentation of this important issue chapter of our science: a wish, who, despite Mr. Dannenberg's age, stands out on every page Brilliant freshness of mind and enthusiasm for work are definitely not a pium desiderium".

Nowadays, when reviewing a book, one expects that the rapporteur doesn't just state what's in it find and learn from it and to what extent the author of his task has been done justice, but it is more and more It has become common practice for the reviewer to get as large as possible Number of more or less important details independently takes a stand against the author and him, if at all possible, convicted of an error or other injustice. It be permitted not to use this usage here: it It is known that Mr. Dannenberg is also in the presentation contentious issues tend to be given in full, and so may every reader and researcher regarding the numerous issues discussed here delten. Points of doubt, uncertain assignments, etc make your own judgment. Because that's so difficult for someone materials to be treated and with such a wealth of monuments not gained incontrovertible truth everywhere or even just is to be won is a given from the outset fixed 1). That's also the number of pieces that are still unexplained in spite of so many happy dispensations before among them- The amount of pennies sold has not become smaller, but has become considerable grown. There is only one question I would like to personally comment on take which, if not the most important, at least one of the most important most important, which are dealt with in this book, namely-

*) A particularly important question that still requires detailed discussion What awaits is whether real gold coins were not just used back then. has coined individually (see p. 513). Aach would be a comparison of the documented ones News about the empire's mints with the existing coinage yorrath urgently desirable.

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dear to the question whether the ones under the name Adelheidsdenare all- Known coins belong to Emperor Otto I or III Because these coins are the most common from the Saxon imperial period and from a certain time limit onwards in all finds come, often forming their main mass, it is obvious that that it is this for the entire numismatic chronology It is of paramount importance to determine whether she is 40 years sooner or later. Dannenberg's view, who spends these pennies in accordance with Cappe and Fried- country to Otto III is, as is well known, recently given by Me- nadier with all the effort of scholarship that this Researchers are distinguished, unfortunately in a way characterized by the abundance of secondary Other questions discussed here have become confusing Essay 1) has been fought; as it seems to us: wrongly. Gives you have to admit that all the pennies are with the name the Adelheid belong together in the sense that their influence is based on the same legal basis, and one recognizes that the variety with the portrait under the influence of the since 978 coined by Ethelred, then in my opinion the question is too Decided in favor of Otto III. Because even just a few need a credible explanation as to why Otto the Great followed his coronation as emperor and continued after his death On these coins in particular, they are only labeled with the title of king should have been, has not yet been found. From a "type immobilisä", such as the simultaneous spherical cross with the transcription of Louis the Pious, is not possible talk, where the character is several times as thorough in all its aspects In some cases even the name of the Empress has been changed appears in significantly different spellings. But as far as the documents cited by Menadier are concerned, according to which Adelheid's position under constitutional law was by far should not have been as influential and important as that the Theophano, so I can once in the formulas with which

1) Gant recently Menadier has once again put his view into the spotlight. liner coin sheets 1894 No. 166 fg. summarized more briefly.

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the scribes of the imperial chancellery received the consent of one like the other empress about the documented legal transaction certify that there is no significant, strictly held sub* find a solution. But even if this difference existed, or if weight should be attached to the fact that theory phano in Italy issued documents as emperor himself, so I would consider the evidential value of these letters for the decision of the present dispute is not estimated to be high. Menadier Dannenberg himself once overestimated the evidence “ex silentio” held up to him: who is now responsible for not doing so? another pfennig of the Theophano or documents on- emerge, which puts Adelheid's position in a different light make those taught by him appear? And about this Everything: we don't have to admit that the match of medieval documents and coins, if they are a* can be proven, is a very rare case and that in Usually the documents give a different picture of what happened shines forth than from the coins? I am when I by myself I am aware that I am allowed to talk, theoretically and practically always - too Opposed to Mr. Dannenberg - supported the demand be that the coin researcher examines the coins and documents evenly should use, but I have become convinced that the The language of the coins is not always that of the documents and that it is therefore recommended in purely numismatic matters first follow the coins. Finally I would like to re of the denarius with the church of Menadier who, if I understand him correctly, the representation of the de- Naren derives from the Metz bishops Adalbero I and Dietrich II; If this assumption is correct, then at least it does not speak against it Otto III, because this original was in use in Metz until 984 remained and was only replaced by Adalbero II (984-1005). The same building as the church of the Adelheidsdenare was replaced is (cf. No. 15 fg. n. 1405). Whether the Saxon stamp cutter Incidentally, it seems to me that he borrowed his pattern from Metz doubtful and it might be worth investigating to what extent

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for example the pfennigs from Mainz (No. 776 fg.), Speier (no. 825 fg.), Worms (No. 842 fg.) and Würzburg (no. 854 fg.), whose chrono As is well known, the logic is not entirely fixed have been or in general for the allocation of the Have Adelheidspfennigs used. The flow again The discussion presented will not be discussed again any time soon Peace will come and so we can hope that with continued Conscientiously and calmly examine this question too will come to a conclusion.

With this wish we part from Dannenberg's works, that we devote ourselves to the diligent study of not only the actual subject matter enjoyed, but also especially the historical researcher recommend. It is already formed by the abundance of the material a worthy side piece to the large collection of the same early written monuments in the Monumenta Germaniae.

F. Friedensburg.

necrologist.

On November 25, 1892, in Leeuwarden, where he lived, the Dr. jur. Jakob Dirks, member of the second chamber of the Dutch States General, died in old age. His The field of work was ancient studies and in particular the coinage. He has made a variety of arrangements for the latter. services acquired, especially through the correct explanation of the until then so much controversial and generally misunderstood character the Frisian Count Bruno III. (1038-1057). The one in question The treatise can be found in “de vrije Fries”, the magazine of the "friesch genootschap", which, as well as the Revue de la numis- matique Beige, also many others from his pen: about the oldest Frisian coins (sceattae), about various coins Finds, craft coins, etc. included. His Ver- services, which include: even in the most zealous and successful Care for the collections of those he has long managed "Friesch genootschap" have also activated the external appearance. recognition by the state and like-minded people was not missing, et al. He was an honorary member of the E. Belgian numismatic Society and the Numismatic Society in Berlin. His curriculum vitae is included in the vrije Fries 1893 pp. 421-456. described in detail.

In the last few months, death has hit some of us again specialists whose memory is impaired because of their Services to preserve our science deserve to be deserved.

necrologist. 317

On October 9, 1893, the district court in Gassei passed away Former secretary Jakob Hoffmeister in his 81st year, the Drafter of the four-volume work: “Historical-critical description of all Hessian coins and medals known to date and brands, in genealogical - chronological episode 14 (Gassei 1857 fgg.), the “historical-genealogical handbook about all Lines of the Hohe Regentenhaus Hessen 44 (Gassei 1861) and the “historical development of the Electorate of Hesse as a whole” coat of arms". He reportedly leaves behind a significant legacy Coin collection.

On April 22, 1894, he went to Lausigk near Köthen many years of official activity, in his 70th year Pastor Theodor Stenzel calls for a better life. In addition to pastoral care, coin studies took him twice as much Way to claim, once as a writer and then as Administrator of the, although small, essentially focused on the Ascanian limited, but in this respect rich and well-organized organized ducal coin collection in Dessau. The content This collection also gave him, the born hitchhiker direction for his literary activity, which he did not alone in numerous, in this magazine, in that of the Harz Association, in the sheets for coin enthusiasts, in v. Höfken's archive for Bracteate studies and in the numismatic-sphragistic display printed articles, but also in two larger self-published permanent writings, the bracteate find from Freckleben (Berlin 1862) and the numismatic studies (Leipzig 1876) in pleasing in a legal manner. His writings become the souvenir of the immortalized to posterity, that to everyone who has it I knew a well-informed, pleasant man with a rare kindness of heart asked, will remain expensive.

On May 2, 1894, the merchant Adolf passed away here Meyer in his 56th year. He has spent decades with restless zeal dedicated to collecting newer coins and medals, and brought this collection to an astonishing extent. He then divided this collection, which is extremely rich in rarities,

318 necrologist.

wisely used to create treatises with interesting content. So did he writes specifically in this magazine (Vol. XIII p. 251) about “the Brandenburg-Prussian coinage, which refers to the African 1681 - 1696 reference" 1 ) acted in the Vienna numismat. Magazine, on the other hand, the coin stories of Dortmund, Eggenberg, Rantzau and Wallenstein delivered. All These works are characterized by diligent study of sources. He also took care of our magazine by producing it. The comprehensive register for several years is well deserved. Bas The memory of the deceased is represented by an oval Cast medal of the excellent Scharff received, which is on the Vf Bust portrait, on the left there are architectural references to Gdansk as his hometown and Berlin as the place of his work shows. H.D.

W.H. Waddington.

When it became known last year that William Henry Waddington took over as French ambassador to London I have laid down and finally said goodbye to his long-standing and resigned after a successful political career, one could hope that he had a long and peaceful evening of life, mainly Numismatics would dedicate himself to the fruits of his collection and research in a final work give. That was his intention. But he should have the leisure of private life is not measured for a long time: a few months after His resignation resulted in a premature death for the 67-year-old wasted away; On January 13th he was admitted to Paris and his family snatched from science.

Wad- Dington came to study numismatics, and He treated her differently than most. In Cambridge He went to Asia in 1850, the

1) Berlin appeared more complete and accompanied by three plates in 1885 published by Ernst Siegfried Mittler & ßohn.

necrologist. 319

he traveled in all parts for months. Its purpose These were originally archaeological stages; but soon The desire for the coins arose, and - like himself at the beginning of his first article says - the trip was closed "a real hunt for coins". It may be similar with this one second Asian Heise, in 1860. But That's why Waddington was never a mere lover; but from the beginning he saw the coins as important Source for research into antiquity. An important but not the only one he visited; because besides collecting From coins he turned his attention to copying inscriptions full attention. And by combining these two most advanced sides of antiquity research, numismatics and epi- graphics, united, one complementing the other and enriching, Waddington became a master at both. In the It was particularly useful for him in numismatics that he had one had acquired a large part of his coins on the spot; According to some, knowledge of the locations enabled him to do so to correct incorrect attribution and newly discovered writings to assign loose coins their place even if style and Types were not sufficient for determination. A row valuable articles that appeared in the Revue between 1851 and 1861 Numismatique appeared and then collected under the Titles “Vayage en Asia-Mineure au point de vue numismatique* and “Müanges de numismatique et de philologie”. have been, bear witness to the happiness and sharpness sense with which Waddington his collection and our knowledge who enriched the coins of Asia Minor. The high value This article is not based on the fact that it is a large one number of new coins became known, but far more the associated explanations and investigations a wealth of instruction on geographical and historical, mythological and antiquarian questions. On the other On the other hand, Waddington made use of his extensive knowledge of the Asia Minor coins when explaining the inscriptions

320 necrologist.

he for the continuation of the great work of Philipp Le Bas "Voyage archtologique" had taken over. Particularly valuable is the section that lists the projects in chronological order. consuls of the Roman province of Asia recorded; which unfortunately un- The work that remained completed in 1872 is also special was printed under the title “Fastes des provinces asiatiques de Empire Romain. u There are exceptions for every Proconsul the information provided by the writers and the inscriptions Coins on which his name appears and after his life and his official career are briefly presented: a work, which served as a model for many others.

But Waddington had a greater interest in numismatics Task set: he wanted a new basis for the coinage create customer of Asia. For this purpose he has not just continually increasing his own collection, but so much time permitted him, the Paris Eabinet and numerous worked through foreign collections; a catalog of all him well-known coins of Asia Minor, with introductions for each city and every prince should report the results of his travels and studies serve to summarize in order to give the research a more complete and to offer more reliable material than Mionnet. — Meanwhile but Waddington had started to get involved in politics share, had quickly gained respect as a deputy Ministry entered, himself minister and finally ambassador become a stockholder. Behind these higher duties of service scientific activity had to increase in his fatherland stand back. Although he didn't stop collecting coins, As before, searched the coin cabinets, especially the English ones, followed the new phenomena on epigraphic and numerical matic area with unchanged interest, - also some He was still publishing articles at this time. But the right calm He was not allowed to complete his main work if he was always working on it. The exit from the state service should finally give him the freedom he needs, but - the deadline was too short and the manuscript was left unfinished.

necrologist. 321

stayed. — Mr. Babelon is right in his obituary he dedicated it to Waddington in the Revue Numismatique, it as an honorary duty of French scholars, this Not to let the manuscript fall into oblivion. Perhaps one can draw hope from this that he himself as the most qualified continuator of Waddington's life's work put the finishing touches to it and make it accessible to science will do. Also regarding the large ones left behind Collection containing 6 - 7000 Asian coins are correct probably all of Mr. Babelon's colleagues agree that it is it would be very unfortunate if it had to be dispersed. Although all public cabinets and private collections are allowed to take a long time to acquire coins from this select collection. advertise; but they would certainly stand back without envy if they did the collection as a whole could get to the point where she would most like to see Waddington himself, the Parisian Cabinet. But what about the works and the collection? Whatever happens, Waddington will always be among the numismatists be named with honor as one of the most successful sponsors our science.

Gotha, July 1894. B. Pick.

Register.

A

Abbassids 17 fg.

Acbelooe: Oeniadae 80.

Action Ai&lov 212.

Adana 102.

Adler: Goldm. Emperor Frederick II 248. — in the wreath: Elijah 223. — with turtle: Elia 204. — with Serpent: Elijah 205. — Eagle Head: Elijah 225. 227. 230.

Adolf I, Duke of Bavaria 95.

Adolf, Duke of Mountain 45.

Adolf I, Archbishop of Cologne 280.

Adonis: Aphrodisias 129.

Aegina, drachmas 214, 217.

Ear of wheat, symbol of Roman M. 52. 86. — Roman Campanian M. 83.

L. Aemilias Buca 183. 185.

Aenus 287.

Ahmed ibn Marwan 98.

d'Ailly 256.

Akragas 140. 143. 165. 174.

aa coin request Elijah 225. 227.

Albert, Archbishop of Bremen 4.

Albrecht Achilles 96.

Alexander D. Gr. 152 fg.

Alkamenes, die cut. 229.

Al-massis 99. 102.

Altar 146.

Al-Watsik billah 103.

Amatrice 156.

Cupid: Coin d. Fanstina 134.

Amphiaraus 175.

Amphora, insignia on coins v. Aenus 287. Corinth 233.

Anastasin's 246.

Andres, Goldschmid n. Münzeisen- schneider in Görlitz 265. 268.

Anglo-Saxons 246.

Anchor, symbol on Roman Dioscuri

denarii 73. avia ßkintiv Head posture of Constantine

d. Gr. on M. 108. M. Antonius, M. Sepullius Macer

185%. Aphrodisias 129. Aphrodite wringing out her hair 134.

— riding on a buck: aphro- disias 130. — on a monster 130. — Head: Drachmas v. Corinth 228. 232. — Urania: Aphrodisias 129. cf. Venus.

Anofartis (desultor) Himera 141. Apollo Karin oö: Byzantium, Megara 128.

— Head: Leontinoi 180. Rhegion 83. Suessa 83. Roman camp. M. 83. Roman Quinar 79.

AnoAAANiox Tareat 284. Puglia 81. Arevizies 153.

ägyvQioy, Seuthe8 210.

apixtoa Taranto 283.

agiGTOv jöl-ov 284.

Arcadia 212 fg.

Agxadixoy 209.

Asclepius, attribute of the rooster 139.

173. — Worship in Himera 168.

175. — youthful the snakes

caressing, coin b v. Zakynthos 288. Astragalus. symbol d. M.v. Aenus

287. Athena: Himera 169. — Head: Corinth

228. 231 fg. — Head with wreath

Helmet: Corinth 233. M. Aurelius. Medallion 153. M. Aurelius Scaurus 54. 63. Autronius 70. Avignon 158. Matt. Ax 275. Axumites 262.

Register.

323

b.

Bear paws, coin collection. v. Hoya 10 fg.

Barthelemy, J. Chr. 255.

Bassum 13 fg.

Batenburg 157.

Official seal 285.

Beger, L. 253. 256.

Beninisch, P., Schmid in Görlitz 255. 278.

Bernhard v. Burscheid 156.

Exchanges = Bassum 13 fg.

Bertrade II and III, abbot of Quedlin castle 96.

Biagota 160.

Biberstein, Joh., mint owner in Görlitz 267.

Bielefeld 37 fg.

Bee, symbol: Taranto 285.

Biga: Himera 165 fg. Leontinoi 178.

Pear tallism in Venice 155.

BHtalnxoy 209.

Bisür el-ma'münije. Mint location 100.

Bituitus, leader of the Arverni near Vin- delium 58. 62.

Lightning: Elijah 224. 225.

Bloc, Conr., Medalist 158.

Bohemian pennies 271. 274.

Boeotia 219 fg.

Boheround, Archbishop ▼. Trier 244.

Boleslaus Chrobry ▼. Poland 161.

good discipline. Medal inscription 144 fg.

Borghesi 259.

Borrell, W. 260.

de Boze 255.

brabeon scholae Haroburgensis 147.

Brandenburg 113.

Bremen. Pledge d. archbishop. Coin to the city 3. Relationship d. brake. to the Lübische Mark 4. Hohlpf. from the first half of d. 14th century 5. Festering 8 fg. Um- run of the Baltic Sea Hollow Pf. in the second half d. 14th century 5.

Wroclaw. Boleslaus denarius 160th school Coin 146. Mark 271. Silver purchase 275.

Briot, Nie. 158.

Brussels. Denarii 156. Shatimeister chips 157.

Brutus 79.

Budaeus 251.

Burgundy 246.

Burscheid 156.

Byzantium 128.

C

Caduceus, symbol of Peace of Thapsus on coins d. Sepullius 199. Mark: Himera 140. in the hand of Juno: M. d. Flaminius Chilo 200.

Cales, overprinted M. 89.

Calpurnia, Caesar's wife 196.

Cn. Calpurnius 54.

Camarina 169.

Campanian M. checked 81. — Roman- camp. Denarius with double head 73.

Canada 156.

L. Caninins Gallus 154.

Canitz, Andr., mint owner in Görlitz 267. 274.

Canusium 79. checked M. 87.

Capua. Coins with lit 87.

Carausius 154. 246.

Carelli 259.

C. Cassius 57.

Cavedoni 259.

Chalcis 206.

XctQccxTijQ. Coin storage d. Kotys 210.

Chestret de Haneffe: Benard de Schönau, Sire de Schoonvorst, indicated v. H. Dannenberg 242 fg.

Ghimaera: Euboea 234.

des Choul, G. 251.

Christian Graf ▼. Oldenburg-Delmen horst: bad M. 31. Tournose 33.

Christian Wilhelm, Admin. Magde castle 96.

Christine, Queen of Sweden 251.

CLEMENTIAE CAESAKIS 186.

Clodius Pulcher61. C. Clovius 197. C. Clovius Saxula 78. Cohen, H. 255. L. Coilius 54. Colbert 254. Combe, Chr. 260.

Congres international de numis- matique, indicated v. RL Dannenberg

152 fg. Constantia 111.

Constantius Chlorus. Trier 154. Constantine D. Big 111. Constantinople 112. Countermarked Roman coins

153 fg.

Cort, Com., Medalist 158. Cos, 131. overprinted M. 81.

324

Register.

L. Cosconius M. f. 54.

C. CosButius Maridianas 183. 187.

Cousinary 261. 262.

Cracus 93.

Criyepe-ye 153.

Cumae, reviewed M. 90.

Q. Curtius 59. 68.

Cyriacns v. Ancona 249.

D

Danish half bracteates 155.

Daedalus v. Sikyon, supposed Die cutter of Elian coins 229.

aaimaxoc: Taranto 284.

Jalynov 209. 219.

Dannenberg: Basic principles of coinage customer, number v. Friedensbnrg 91 fg.

Dannenberg: Coin history Pom- Merns in the Middle Ages, indicated. v. Friedensburg 238 fg.

Dannenberg: the German coins the Saxon and Franconian Imperial period, indicated v. Peace Castle 307.

Gdansk 52.

Date palm branch, symbol: Hi- just 170.

Delphi 216. 218 fg.

Dolphin: Luceria 83.

drjpog, coin inscription: Aphrodisias 129. 130.

deaultor, M. d. Sepnllins Macer 186.

Diana head, sestertius d. Bnca 185. 201.

Diepholz 16 fg.

Dietrich Graf ▼. Dinslaken 45.

Dietrich v. Hörn, Bishop of Osna bridge 36.

y. Dinklage 24.

Diomedes with the palladium: Argos 223.

Dionysus boy eating a goat: Aenus 287.

AIONYXOY ZATHPOZ MAPnNITÜN

174. Dioscures 52. 73. Dirks, Jake. Obituary 316. Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus 53 fg. C. Domitius Malleolns 54. Dortmund 46.

Dür8tede 155. /

Dupondius, certified 75. Dupre, G. 158.

E

H175.

Eberhard, Duke of Bavaria 162.

Eckhel, J.H. 252. 256.

Edo Wieneken d. Older: Wittenpf. 35.

Edwin 289.

Lizard, symbol: Elis 225. 226.

227. El-Amir El-Mubarak 101. el-mutadid biUah 97. Elfred, master of the mint in London 289. Elis 204. 214. 223 fg. Emden 35. Emerich, Urban: Münzherr v. Görlitz

267. 274. Endymion, Den. d. Bucca 185. Ephesus, Electronstater 210. Ivy leaf, symbol: Aenus 287. Eppius 197. Erfurt Mark 273. Ergoteles, Olympian 138. Erich, archbishop, v. Magdeburg 127. Erifch, Duke ▼. Braunschw.-Lüneb.-

Grubenhagen 47. Erich, Count of Hoya 10 fg. Eric, King of Denmark 52. Ernst I, Duke of Bavaria 95. "Egpaia in Pheneos 215. •Kganidut 222.

Este coin collection 250. Ethelred II, King of England, reprint

160. Euainetos 180 Eupolemos, builder of the Heraion in

Argos 230.

F

Q. Fabius Maximus 69.

Falkenstein (in Lower Austria) 95.

Fansta 108 fg.

Fanstina min.: Venus feliz 1 10 ; Pigeon

at fountain basin 134. field symbol d. Roman coins

Austrian Pfenn. d. 11th century after- formed 247. Ferdinand I v. Naples 156. Fiala, E d. : Description Bohemian

Coins and medals, displayed

by H. Dannenberg 160. Flat, iron cutter in Breslau 278. L Flaminius Chilo 183. 184. Diligent calculations are made

Accuracy. inscription one

Calculation pfennigs 151. Florence, Bishop of Munster 3. 23. 36.

Register.

325

Fortuna with rudder: on coins d. Sepulliu8 and Eppius refer to Caesar's return from Thapsus 197; on coins d. Ti. Sempron. Graecus referring to the triumvir Caesar's return return from Philippi 198; on coins d. L. Antonius on the desired Return of M. Antonius Egypt 198.

Forza, O. (Forsetra), coin collection. d. 14th century 248.

Fox 261.

Francs 346.

French coins (weight and Salary) 154.

Fredo = Edo Wineken 35.

Friedlander, J. 261.

Friedrich JJ, Emperor: Augustalis 248.

Frederick 1, Margrave v. Branden burg, Bnrggr. y. Nuremberg: Gold guilder 96.

Friedrich r. Schagen, Vogt v. wild hausen 24 fg.

Peaceful William the Elder gr. Elector 253. 256.

Happy 256.

Cornucopia, symbol of peace from Tbapsus on d. coins d. Celsus 99.

Fugger, Max, gold strike one Thalers 291.

Fulvius, A. 250.

G

Gallienus, coin of Aphrodisias 129; Coin of Sol Invictus in German Pennies from the 11th century. followed imitates 247.

Gallic coins 153.

Gavre, seal 159.

Grains, copper 277.

Gela 165.

Germanic tribes in Roman Münten called 154.

Grain cones, additions: Aenus 287; Himexa 168.

Gniezno 161.

Godera, abbess of Herford 41.

Godfried I, Duke of Lotbaren, Victory penn. 154.

Görlitz 263 fg.

Goltz, H. 250 fg.

Gonzaga 251.

Gordian, Coin of Selencia 134.

Gorty's 210.

Goswin, Siegfr., Münsherr in Görlitz 267. 274.

Gothic 154.

Zciteehrift Ar NomUmfttik. XIX.

Gozelo I, Duke of Lorraine.

Victory penn. 154. Greifswald 49. Gfyllus 286. Guthrie 261.

H

Hairstyle of the Roman Empresses 108.

Rooster, Himera coin design 139. 166. 168. Supplements 171. 173.

Hamburg. Wittenpf. “Triplets” quarter Witten, Hohlpf., Scfaerfe 47; copper. Hohlpf, 52; School coins 147.

Hand: two connected dogs Sepulliua coins on the Peace v. Thapsus 199.

Trade coins 161.

Hanover, Helmpfennige 47.

Hans, mint master in Görlitz 265 fg.

Harduin 257.

Harpstedt, perhaps Münsort des Counts V. Hoya 34.

Havercamp 251. 254.

Heidenreich, Bishop of Munster 24. 37.

Henry II, Emperor. Pf. v. Strassborg 246. Victory Pf. 154.

Henry III, Emperor. Pf. v. Worms with d. B.d. Helena 247.

Henry V. Carnthia, King V. Böh- men. Heller 236.

Henry, Landgrave of Hesse 46.

Henry V. Brederode 147.

Henry I, Archbishop t. Cologne 280.

Henry II, Archbishop of Cologne, Her- demand Pf. 43.

Henry, Bishop of Paderborn 45.

Heinrich Zdik, Bishop of Olmuts 162.

Helena 107 fg. Wonnser Pf. of the 11th Century 245 fg.

Helmet, Beizeichea: Taren t 285. Han- November 47.

Hen, in the aumdr. incus: Himera 139.

Hera, head: Argos 223. 230. Elijah 223. 225. 229.

Hera» 214.

Heracles. Minoa 174.

Heracles, patron of Himeraic Bader 140. on him. Coins 169. Head: Cos 89. 131. — H. bow- excitingjtaiseichen: Korinth231fg. — H. and Omphale: M. d. Aurel 153.

HPAKAEOYX £ATHPO£ 6AZIAN 174.

Herford 40 fg.

Hermes: Himera 169. - Head: Aenus 287. Pheneos 215. - Staff, Bei- Sign: Aenus 287. cf. Mercury.

22

326

Register.

Hermann I, Abbot of Corvey 281.

Hersberg, Barth., mint owner in Gör- litz 267.

Heyderich, M, mint master in Görlitz 266 270

Hiero, overprinted M. 84. 86.

Hieronymus, overprinted M. 86.

Hildegunde, abbess of Herford 40.

Himera 135 fg. 165. Celebrations in H. 141.

Himera, spring nymph 140. 165 fg.

Himjarites 262.

Ilirschstange: Diepholz 17.

Hoffmeiater, Jac, Necrolog 316.

Hunter 260.

Hypsas sacrificing 173.

J.

Yes, supposed Phoenician name

by Himera 136. 173. Jacob HI Mandelli, Mr. Maccagno

156.

Jaromir v. Bohemia, reprint nab- burger Pt 161.

iaton. Himera 135. 173.

Ibrahim ibn sa' ima 97.

Jever 35.

including 162.

in name dni tvi Nienburg 11.

Joeoff, Goldschm. in Görlitz 275. 278.

Johann I and Otto III, Margrave. from Brandenburg, acquire Lebus 122.

Johann II, Margrave v. Brandenb. 113.

John V. Flanders 156.

John II v. Diepholz 16 fg.

Johann von Virneburg, Bishop of Munster 23.

Johann Huth, Bishop of Osnabruck 36.

Johann Galeazo Visconti 155.

Joan of Arragonia 156.

Jonghelinck, Jac. 158.

Ishak ibn jahja 99.

Isma'il ibn all 100.

C. Julius Caesar: head 183 fg. Titu lature 185. Coins of the IUI viri 183 fg.

C. Julius Caesar Octavianus 198.

M. Junius Silanus 59. 68.

Juno with scepter and caduceus: M. d. Flaminius Chilo 200. — Head d. Juno Sospita: M.d. Mettius 184.

200. Jupiter in the foursome 53; cf. Zeus. Justinian 246. Justin n 246.

K

Kdlnq 141.

Capital, Ionian. Symbol: Corinth

235. Charles the Elder Grand Fairy, Gold 154. Charles IV, Emperor, Heller 236. Tourn. 155.

by Petrarch with old coins

gifts 250. Charles V, Emperor, medal 158. Charles IV France, Tourn. 155. Carolingian coins 159. Carthaginian-Sicilian overprinted M.

88 fg. Khell 256.

KIMAPA 178. KIMON 172.

Knight, p. 260.

Koppa. Seuthes 210.

Conrad II, Emperor, Victory Pf. 154.

Konrad, Markgr. v. Brandenburg 113.

Konrad, Count V. Oldenburg, Tourn. 29. Festering 30 fg.

Konrad, Archbishop of Magdeburg 126.

Conrad, Bishop of Lebus 117.

Head posture Constantin's d. Gr. 118.

Corinth 231 fg. Type differences the various denominations 228 mints site of the Phocian and Arcadian M. 214.

Kotys 210.

Kraków mark 273.

Krauwinkel, Egidius 151.

Krauwinkel, Hans 151. 290.

Cancer: Himera 166. 168.

Cross groschen 271. 274.

Warriors in two teams: Rome 53.

Kromstaert 156.

Kronos: Himera 169.

Croton 177.

Kuno, Archbishop of Trier 244.

L.

Ladislaus v. Bohemia, confirms this

Coinage law v. Summer field 237. Ljubljana 148. Leake 258. 260. Lebus 117 fg.

Leicester, Count Robert V. 159. Lenormant 256. aean Taranto 284. Leontini 165. 178 fg. Leovigild, coin of Elvora 155. L. Licinius Crassus 54. 59. 60. Chr. S. Love 256. Lilaea 216.

Register.

327

Lily, coin image v. Warbarg 44.

Lip 281.

Leo: Taranto 284. Roman* camp. M. 83. Sommerfeld 234. — Lion's Head: Leontini 178.

Lions, Count V. 156.

London, Pfenn. Edwin's 289.

Lubik 161.

Lucas, locksmith in Görlitz 278.

Luceria 78. 83. 84.

Ludwig d. Fromme, Goldm. 154.

Ludwig d. Baier, Aachen Sterling 45.

Lendwig, Bishop of Münster, night imitations 3. 32.

Ludwig Garaffa, Duke of Sabionetta 156.

Lübeck: three of a kind, quarter witte, Hohlpf., Scherf 3. 32.

Lüneburg: Hohlpf., Witten, quarter- witte, Scherf 47 fg.

Luynes, dnc de 255.

Lyra, symbol of peace Thapsus: coins d. Celsus 199.

M.

Painter, Val., Erönnngsmed. 261. Malin 161.

M. Marcins M\ f. 57. Margaretha v. Austria 158. Margaretha, abbess r. Thoren 157. Mary, in later Byzantine,

not already on d. coins d. Fausta

109. Mary v. Jever 157. Mark, Grafsch. 42. Marocchins, J. 250. Maronea 174. Matteo da Pastis 158. Mecklenburg, Scabs and Hohlpf. 49 fg. Medic&er 251.

Medusa, coin collection v. Himera 169. Megalopolis 214. Megara 128. Meissen Gr. 272. Meleager, wrongly assumed at the beginning of M. t.

Aphrodisias 129. Mercury anf d. coins d. Sepnllius

after the peace of Thapsns 199.

cf. Hermes. Messana 165. 169. 288. Q. Metellus 59. 69. M. Mettius 183. 184. Meyer, A., Obituary 317. Miles, Friedr. v. Comfort 27. Minden 44. Mionnet, T.E. 255.

Mogilno 161.

Mohnhaupt, mint master 274.

Mommsen, Th. 259.

Crescent moon, symbol of Aenus 287.

Montjoie 243.

Morell 252. 253. 254.

Moritzpf. 127.

Coin discovery from Antinm 83. Badulato 56. Masera 56. 58. 59. 73. Oliva 62. la Riccia 56. 58. 59. in Spain 59. 61. t. Vicarello 83. — Niemegk 79. Onnan.Feins 159. — Althöfchen 161. Arnswalde 241. Betekom 156. Bremen 1 f g. Filehne 127. 241. Gross Briesen 115. 127. 241. Lox stedt 5. Lupow 240. Magnus 5. Rodewitz 241. Rummelsburg 161. Sarbske241. Storks 241. Clouds berg 115. 241. Zweinert 113.

coin base d. ancient Roman Republic blik 74 fg.

Mint lords in Görlitz 266.

Muhammad ibn Mnsa 101.

Muhammad ibn *isa 101.

L. Munatius Plancus 197.

Nayutixov 209.

Neon 216.

Neptune with trident and dolphin, bei- Sign: Eorinth 231. — Neptune head, Luceria 83.

Neubruchhausen 18. 16.

Neumann 256.

Niclas, mint master in Görlitz 206. 268. 276.

Dutch imitations 157.

Lower Lusatia 115.

Nienburg 10 fg.

Nike, coin image: Alexander d. Gr. 152 fg. Himera 169. Symbols: Eorinth 233. Nike with wreath: Elis 211. Nike, (L charioteer crowning: Himera 141. Cf. Victoria.

Nimbus of the Emperor 109.

Nivelles 156.

Nobilissimatsmünsen 106.

vofucfia 207. 209. 211.

L. Nonnius 252.

Nori8ius 252.

Nuremberg 146. 291.

Nulla hora sine linea. outcry 8school- med. 146.

Number 74.

22*

328

Register.

Nymph sacrificing, coin image v. Himera 140. — Bidet of the Nymphs in Hi- mera 138. 140. Thor of the Nymphs in Megara 128.

O.

Obelisk, coin image v. Byzantium 128.

Öldshutu, Hulaguiden Sultan 156.

Oeniadae, reviewed M. 80.

Austria 247.

Oldenburg 28 fg.

Olympia, Nymph 225.

OAYMniKON 204. 205.

OAYMnix, Taranto 284.

Omeriz, Questioner Münzmeistex 161.

Sacrificing gods 141.

Orchimont 155.

Oropos 175.

Ostrogoths 246.

Oudenarde 154.

Otto III, Emperor, Pf. v. Minden 44.

Otto IV, Margrave v. Brandenburg 113.

Otto V, Margrave V. Brandenburg 113.

Otto IV, Count V. Hoya 12 fg. half- linge and Witten 16.

Otto, Count V. Oldenburg-Delmenhorst 33.

Otto, Count V. Ravensberg Kalvelage 23.

P

Paderborn 44 fg. Pan and hare, Messana 288. Panormus, reviewed M. 89. L. Papirius Celans 197. Parchim 50.

PA1RBNS PATRIAE 186.

Parruta 259.

Godmother 253. 254.

Paz on d. Quinar d. Buoa after d.

Peace v. Thapsus 165. 199. Pax f abfiea, Helena 107. Pegasus: Corinth 228. 231. FeHerin, J. 255. 257. Pelops: Himera 140. 166. 169. 170. Peruzzo da Bartoledo, tiiov. 158. Petasos, symbol: Aenus 287. Petrarch 249. 2ö0. Plow on the M. of Ti. Bempronius

Gracchus refers to the agricultural

distribution after the battle

Phüippi 198. yal/utt. Gorty's 210. (paMnixov 209. ymxoV 209. 215.

Philip D. Good, Heraog v. Burgundy

156. tpox^Moy) 209, container 215. Phocis 215 fg. pietas publica 111. Pilsen 160. Pine branch, symbol: Himera 1-66.

170. Pine cones, symbol: Corinth

231. 232. Pronni 238. Pisano, Nicola 248. no coin inscription: Elijah 225. 227. Poggio 250.

Polykleitus d. old. 230. d. young. 229. Pomerania 51. 115 fg. L. Pomponiu8 Cn. f. 54. L. Porcius Licinus 54. precibus patet atque labori. outcry

v. School Med. 147. Probus 154. y. Prokesh -East 261. Prora on d. M.d. Eppius refers to

the victory of Thapsus 197. Ptolemaic revised M. 85. Puntzen 278. Purpureus 70. Pythia 216.

Square meter inousnm: Himera 139. With figures: Aenus 287. Elis 504. Quadriga, Münzt), r. Hzaera 141. sex. Quinctilius 54.

Wheel, symbol: Himera 166. 171. Probably symbol d. Aphrodite 129.

Bainer, Bishop of Volterra 155.

Bag, ear. 259.

Ravensberg, Grafsch. 259.

Calculating pennies 144. 290.

Reichstein 157.

Reinhard v. Nice on 142.

Reinhard II v. SchönvoTß 96.

Rider, coin bag. y. Leontini 178.

Rhegium, reviewed M. 83. 84.

Rhoda 153.

Borna 52 fg.

Romulus, Maxentii fil. 106.

Rose, symbol: Aphrodisias 129. three roses, coat of arms of Neubruch Hausen 16.

Roseler Gr., Rösdgr. 271 fg.

Rosenbetg, Wilhelm; Peter Wok; Ulrich 156.

Rostock 50.

399

Rudolf II Kais", collector 251. Ki*-

mmg8med. 291. Complaints 48. Ruprecht I, Elector of d. Palatinate 52.

8.

S. verrouthlichMünzteickenv. summer field 238.

8almMiu8 254.

8alonina 110.

Salswedel 51. 114.

8an ( a 103 fg.

St George, Pol. Bract. 98.

St. Gudula, rake. 158.

8t. Lambertus, Oldenburg« 8chware 28 fg.

St. Michael, Recheupf. 158.

St Paul, Denarius of Münster 6. and their imitations of Bas- sum 13. Diepholz 16. Emden 36. Nienburg 10. Oldenburg- DdsDen- horst 82. Vochta 20. Wester 18. Wildeshausen 24.

St. Petras, Bremer Fester 8 fg. 8 fg.

8t Reigneus, Denarius v. Wildeshansen 25.

8t Swenoier, Denarius v. Wfldeshausen 13fg. 24fg.

8t. Wilhadns, Bremer Fester 1«. 13. 24

8t. Zeno 155.

r. Saurma-Jeltsch: The Saurma German coin collection, Swiss and Polish companies coined tob about the beginning of the Dime period to Kipper period, discussed v. H. Danneaaerg 94.

Scaliger 254.

8oeattae 152.

Seepteranf

Scissors 5.

Shevra t. JEUnchbexg 278.

Snake, symbol Roman-camp. M. 88. archery 8cUange, side seichen: Taranto 288.

8U8 199.

8 Staff of Serpents, Settle: Himera

166. Bow of the laurel wreath" 189. Schmalkalden 95. 8chonvorst 242 fg.

School medals 144. 290.

Schuttes, G. 290.

Schottes, H. <145) 290.

Black pennies 272. 274.

Swordpenny 272.

Scribonius, C. 56.

Security: Helena 107.

Segesta 165. 178 fg.

Start 254.

Seleucia ad Calycadnum 134.

Seleucid coins minted 90.

Blessed, Gregor, mint owner in Görlitz

267. 274. Selinunte 167. 169. Seimus 137. sacrificing 173. cnpa, Ephesus 210. Ti. Sempronius Graccus 198. P. Sepullius Macer 183. 185. Sestini, D. 259 Seuthes 210. Sicilian M. with It 87 Sicilian M. d 15th century 249. Victory Pf d. 11th century 247. Victory coins from the time of Caesar 199. 8igiemund, Emperor 249. Silberberg 157. South under a lion's head spout

bathing: Himera 140. 165 fg. — with

Patera and cornucopia: Taranto 286. Simon I r. Iippe 45. Simon, coin dealer d. 14th century

248. Sobeslaus 161. Sol invictue, on German pfennigs. d.

11th century 247. Xolmav 209. Sommerfeld 234 fg. Sophie, Grifin ▼. Oldenburg 23. liaiijQy Coin inscription: Himera 142.

166. 172. Epithet d. Aphrodite

142. d. Asclepius 148. ZwTtiQa, nickname d. Hygiene 143. Spandau 114. Spanheim, E. t. 252 fg. Sprottai, probably Munsort of a Heller

238. Stargard 115.

Stamp, older used 181. Stamp cutter, for several coins

action* 8. 21. Stamp cutter marks 285. Stcnzel, Th., Necrology 317. 8tettin 51. 96. 8tier, thrusting: rem.- camp. M. 88.

with human cops!: Sueaaa 88. Strada, J de 251.

330

Register.

Radiation crown 246 fg.

Stralsund 51.

mvkiq in d. hand d. Mermaid: Alexander

d. Gr. 153. Sue88a, overstamped M. 81. 82. Sulraona 156. Saltaniji 156. Sybet Edense 165. Syracuse 165. 179 fg. overstamped M. 86.

T

Tacitus 154.

Tahir 100.

Taras 283. 286.

Taranto 283 fg.

Pigeons in cages 131 fg.

Tedeschi, Prosper 158.

Teichthörcben 46.

TtQpfQlXOV 209. TtQfflXOV 209.

Thaliadae 214. Thassos 174. Theodora 111. Thermae, Termini 137. Thermal baths 138. Coin image

y. Himera 140. Thespiae, contrast to Thebes

220. Thessalonica 109. Thetis: Aphrodisias 131. Tiber coins 176. Torremuzza, p. 259. Traianus 249.

Grape, symbol: Aenus 287. Trautson, P.S. 95. Trier, beginning of Roman coinage

154. Trost, Hans: presumably tenant d. Danziger

Coin 52. Twistringen 18 fg.

u.

Overprints in antiquity 72 fg. Transliterations d. both sides of one

Coin together 174. Lower Italian coins of the 15th century.

249. Documents 158. Ursinus, F. 252 fg. Usedom 51.

T

Vaillant 253. 254. Valerius Asisculus 197. Valkenburg b. Maestrich t 243. Vandals 246.

M. Vargunteiu8 59. 69.

Vechta 20 fg. Sign with 3 slashes cross 23.

Velecha 82.

Velia 117.

Venice, Bimetallimus 155.

Yenus: Denarius d. Mettius 184. — Head: Denarius d. Chilo 184 — Felix: Fausta 110. — Genetics: 110. — Victrix: HO. Caesar's denarius d. Battle of Munda 190. 195. cf. Aphrodite.

Venusia, overprint 84.

Verona 155.

Trust God we de Hei. Um- writing of the Stüber d. Mary v. Jever 157.

Vespasianus 249.

Vianen, probably denarii 23.

Victoria with palm tree: Den. d. Sepullius according to d. Shi, hey Thapsus 199. — crowning the trophy 79. — in a pair 52. 196. — bust, Portrait d. Calpurnia 196. Cf. Nike.

viCTO(ria) inscription of a Pf. Hein- Rich II 247.

VIRTVS EXEKCIT 247.

Volquin III, Count of Schwalenberg 279.

W.

Waddington, H. de. Obituary 256.

Warburg 44.

Coat of arms coins d. röra. Public 78. 82.

Holy coins 175.

Grape leaf, symbol: Elia 225.

Wenceslas D. Saints, v. Bohemia 161. Head: probably Heller v. Summer field 234.

Wenceslas IV again d. Coinage law v. Summer field 236.

Throw 50.

Wester-Twistringen 18 fg. = Western stede 20.

Visigoths 246.

Wigbold, Archbishop t. Cologne, Her- demand Pf. 43.

Wilbrand, Archbishop of Magdeburg, acquires Lebus 121.

Wildeshausen 24 fg.

Wilhelm III and IV v. Henneberg 95.

William II v. Berg and ßavensberg 37 fg.

Wipperfuerth 45.

Register.

331

Wippo, W. A., Obituary 164. Wismar, Witten, quarter week, triplets,

Hohlpf. 51. Knowledge level 160. Wolf: Argos 230. She-wolf with the twins: angels.

M. 246. Wollin 96. Worms 247.

Z

Zakynthos 288.

Zeus, in the square. ine: Elis 204; with

Lightning and eagle, nickname: Corinth

231; Head: Elis 224. 228. cf.

Jupiter. Billy goat: Aenus 287. Ziz, pbönizisebe inscription siciliseber

Coins 136.

Printed by W. Pormetter in Berlin.

MEETING REPORTS

THE

NUMISMATIC SOCIETY

TO

BERLIN.

1894.

>

Meeting Tom December 4, 1893.

The Numismatic Society celebrated on this day their fiftieth anniversary in a special celebration Ceremonial meeting planned for this purpose, attended by almost everyone Berlin members present as well as a number of guests shared. The chairman, Mr. Government Councilor Friedensburg, welcomed those who came and then gave a lecture the history of the company, which is also in the foreword the commemorative publication published on this occasion previous chairman. The speaker pointed out the rich number of famous names that the lists of society, hardly any of the adornments of ours Science has stayed away from her, and foreign countries are also in the area Series of corresponding and honorary members who used to be were appointed much more frequently than at present, greatly kick. However, it was further emphasized that the company in no way a “learned” society in the strict sense of the word Anyone who wants to be a member is welcome as a member one of the many branches of our science is interested, and She attaches particular importance to teaching beginners too and provide encouragement. The chairman then placed the 8 all publications organized by the company, the last one published to celebrate this day, with four Festschrift decorated with picture panels and numerous woodcuts which, in addition to the foreword mentioned, contains the following 12 copies lungs contains: R. Weil, studies in the field of antiquity Minting law - A. von der Heyden, A jewel of the elector Johann Sigismund of Brandenburg — H. Dannenberg, unedirte

— 4 —

Medieval coins - F. von Brakenhausen, My medals technology — F. Friedensburg, The medieval coins of Lusatia

— P. Bratring, On the coins of the Pomeranian dukes of Bogislaus X until the end of the sixteenth century - E. Bahrfeldt, The Märkische Engelgroschen. Vink eyes — A. von Sallet, Alexandrian royal coins Coin cabinets in Berlin - H. Nütze], emblems and coats of arms Muhammadan coins - W. Bahrfeldt, Roman Inedita

— K. Pieper, The Mauger Medals Louis XIV. Finally gave the chairman gave a brief outline of the life story of the previous chairman, Mr. District Court Councilor a. D Dannenberg, who is currently in the south and, after Before his departure, he took the chair in consideration of his interests had resigned from health because of his great achievements about society as well as about German numismatics was appointed honorary chairman by unanimous decision. A telegram informed him of this that same evening in Eenntniss. — Mr. Government Councilor von Brakenhausen laid out then presented the medal modeled by him, which was made from this The reason is to be presented to Mr. Dannenberg: it points to on one side the excellently done bust portrait, on the other The inscription on the back in six lines: The Berlin Numis- matic society to its Hermann Dannenberg 1843-1893.

— Soon Dr. Because a lecture about the History of the study of ancient numismatics. Connecting to the not uncommon cases of imitation of Roman coins in the Middle Ages (Worms, Strasbourg, Austria, etc.), showed he, as in the fifteenth century, which first appeared in Italy- a sense of the works of classical antiquity awoke soon also the ancient coins, initially the Roman, and these because of the interest in them people depicted, so that as early as 1517 Andreas Fulvius at Rome took his mainly from the coins Illustrium imagines was able to publish. In 1494 counted the famous Este coin collection, certainly the most important their time, 437 gold and 3385 silver coins, and Hubert According to Goltz, he knew in the middle of the following century his travel report in Italy more than 380 collections, in

— 5 -

France and the Netherlands each about 200 and 175 in the Rheinlanden and southern Germany. The further characterized Speakers include the most famous writers who have dealt with the have dealt with ancient numismatics, by Budaeus (under Lud- wig XII. from France), Strada, Hubert Goltz to Ezekiel, Spanheim, which marked the beginning of a new era in coinage begins, and then described the further development of this Studies in France, Germany, England and Italy. To At the end he showed how the development of the old cultural countries of the East through trade, transport and military ex- expeditions also increase knowledge of ancient coins through finding new series and supplementing the well-known ones year after year is increased and promoted every year. (The lecture will be held in 19. Gang of v. Salletschen magazine will be printed.) — At the end of the meeting, the participants gathered to a common meal at which the chairman is the The Hohenzollerns' achievements in cultivating coinage thinking a happily received cheers to Se. Your Majesty Kaiser brought out.

Meeting of January 8, 1894.

Mr. AdolfMeyer presented v. Arnim's Brandenburg Thalerkabinet from Mr. Stadtbaurath's library Bratring's hand-written copy of the author, which is rich addendums, apparently intended for a second edition has. This led to a lively argument about credibility y. Arnims and the restrike are rarer Brandenburg thaler in the last century. The same pre- The carrying one also showed the extremely rare Halbthaler of the large one Electors with ARMAT ET ORNAT around the helmet and not less rare shilling from the same mint owner of Lünen in each two different copies. — Mr. Baurath Fischer-Dieck presented a denarius of Charles the Great minted in Pavia Grossen, Councilor Friedensburg, a very nice one Copy of the so-called Geusenpfennig with the image of the king Philip of Spain and the beggar's bag - the badge of the rebellious Dutch aristocratic party. — Mr. Main Mann Brause read out a section from his soon-to-be-published

—6—

seemingly works on emergency and siege coins that of the Imperial General Antonio Leyva in Pavia in 1524 beaten pieces, presented in beautiful illustrations and gave a detailed description of this siege.

Mr. Dr. Nützel reported on the Mab di uprising Sudan and the coins that emerged from it. Since then In the spring of 1881 the Nubian Muhammed Achmed came from Dongola in Sudan, which was deeply disturbed by Egyptian mismanagement as the Messiah, Mahdi, and soon gained such power that he all Egyptian-English expeditions sent against him repulsed or even completely destroyed. Also Gordon Pasha As is well known, he was trapped in Chartum at the end of March 1884 and fell during the conquest of the city by the Mahdi January 26, 1885. During the siege, Gordon saw himself forced to issue cash orders as emergency money and Notes of 100 and 20 piastres. These are in worse condition Lithograph made, numbered by hand and with the Signature along with Gordon's seal stamp, the Arabic Bische Text promises to repay the amount from the state checkout from Chartum or Cairo after 6 months. — After the fall of Chartum, the Mahdi was more unlimited ruler of the whole Sudan and undertook it as such, well also mint your own coins: a gold piece worth 100 piastres, an exact replica of a Turkish gold pound without a special feature of the Mahdi, and a 20 piastre piece in silver, which already shows a new, unique type. The Vf. says: “Up Command of the Mahdi" convoluted into tughra form; the rf. keeps the indication of the date: the year of the reign 5 next to that Hijra year 1302. — The Mahdi died on June 22, 1885 Muhammad Ahmed; his successor (Chalife) was Abdallah et-Taaishi from one of the powerful Baggara tribes. He misses initially liked to maintain the immense power and through his generals the attacks from various sides to tee off victoriously. However, in August 1889 his army suffered a complete defeat at the hands of General Grenfell at Tpski. Whether the Mahdist empire is still in the devastated country It is very doubtful that it will last long. — Also the Khalifa Abdallah left his own coins in his Omdurmän residence

—7—

mint, but only made of silver: 20, 10, 5 and 1 piastre pieces. Because of numerous forgeries and other grievances, the However, Chalife soon stopped minting. — The speaker placed the mentioned coins of the Mahdi and of the Khalifa, as well as photographs of two Gordon emergency instructions. — Mr. Stadtbaurath Bratring spoke about the Medals of the House of Croy, which came into being through marriage Daughter of Bogislaus XIII, Anna, with Duke Ernst von Croy in family relationship to the Pomeranian ducal family has joined. This Anna returned after her death in 1620 her husband returned to Pomerania, where she returned in 1660 with her back A son Ernst Bogislaus died, who later became the Bishop of Eammin was postulated. She died with him in 1684 line out. There are three funeral medals for Anna, while we know eight different plays by Ernst Bogislaw. All of these medals, some of which are very beautiful, come from that famous stamp cutter J. Höhn in Danzig; the more Mr. Bratring showed a number of them from his possession.

Following this, Dr. Bahr thinks this is new published work by Th. Pyl: “The development of the Pomeranian coat of arms", remarkable for its rich content in historical, especially heraldic and sphragistic material. The latest Pomeranian coin research is also available taken into account - Dr. Bahrfeldt one Lecture on medieval coinage in the ongoing tic countries. The oldest coin documents come from the Years 993 and 1000, through which King Otto III. the abbot Adaldag or Eggihard von Nienburg introduced the coinage law Hachenrode (Harzgerode). Coins from this period are not detectable. Because the denarius is modeled on the Otto Adelheid pfennigs that were given to Eggihard are heard the Saxon count who appeared in documents around 990 Eilard (Menadier: German Coins I, p. 175). In 1035, under Abbot Albuin, the mint is supposed to go from Hachenrode to Nienburg have been relocated. Nevertheless, even after this time comes The former mint is also documented. To Abbot Adalbert von Nienburg, 1130-1133, one denarius (half bracteates), which often contains the numismatic feathers

— 8 —

and later for the abbot Adalbert v. Corvey, minted in Croppenstedt, claimed, but recently for Albrecht the bear from the Wegenleben coin factory has been secured. (P. J. Meier: Arch. f. Bracteate Science II, 73 fg.) Also in the XIII. Century seems according to the documents to have been minted in Nienburg. The Gern Women's Abbey Rode in Anhalt has three denarii and one bracteate transferred (Stenzel: Numismat. Studies p. 2/3. Posern -Klett Tat 44, 11), the latter for the abbess Hedwig IIL, 1118-1152. However, the minting of this abbey is nowhere documented. believed, and from the bracteates mentioned is proven to consider that he belongs in Nordhausen. Solid ground You can only win it at the secular mints in Anhalt. The oldest is probably Ballenstedt. Here has without question Albrecht the Bear around the middle of the XU. part of the century of its magnificent bracteates. They fall into the Flowering time of the bracteates and leave an extraordinary recognize a high level of perfection in the art of die cutting. The Brandenburg and Anhalt bracteates of Albrecht cannot be separated with certainty everywhere. To The latter mainly include those from the Freckleber find (Stenzel: The discovery of Freckleben). The most beautiful bracteate Albrecht the Bear is the one on which he rides with his mahlin Sophia is depicted (Bahrfeldt: Münzwes. d. Mk. Bran- denburg plate I, 20), a daughter of the Count of Winzenburg and Hedwig von Waltingerode, not from Hohenstaufen Genders. She died in 1160. The bracteate is also important to which the prince joins ADELBERTVS MARCHIO ANEHALDENSI(S) - the first occurrence of the name Anhalt. (Stenzel: Freck- live no. 1.) Albrecht's youngest son Bernhard made his mark in Anhalt from 1170-1180, as Duke of Saxony from 1180-1212. His two-sided embossing, as long as they are silent or the name without a title, cannot be trusted by one another divorce. It is very prolific in imprinting bracteates beautiful, artistic style. Surpass his ranks in richness that of his father. The mint of Cöthen name two of his coins: a bracteate with BERNHARDVS DENARIVS COTNE (Elze: Die Brakt. Bernhards Plate I, 7)

— 9 —

and a denarius with KOTENE CIVITAS (Posern-Klett plate 46, 16). A decline in the art of die cutting is very noticeable noticeable under Bernhard's son and successor in Anhalt Henry I 1212—1250. In particular the Gerbstedt find (Sten- zel: Numerical studies p. 28) brought the stamp of this prince, underneath the guide piece for the entire series with HE COM = HENRICVS COMES. A recent one also occurred around this time into Egl. Coin cabinet in Berlin, stylistically from the other hitchhikers completely different large bracteate with the Anhalt helmet with two peacock fronds. Except the ones so far The coin workshops mentioned are still in Aschersleben, coin- first documented in 1262, and Zerbst, first documented as a coin since the beginning of the XIII. century, to name. Under Hein Rich I's sons, Bernhard, Siegfried, Heinrich II the bracteates are even less artistic. You fall into two main groups: those through their factory the Brandenburg and Saxon neighbors connect, and those with smaller planchets, stronger ones curved sheet metal; the latter particularly from the discovery of damage live (Schönemann: On the fatherly coinage p. 41). One outside neat appearance among these pieces is the one from Orator formerly made known bracteate with the two helmets supporting princes (Bahrfeldt: coin find from Aschersleben plate III, 139). Under these rulers the minting also began to be smaller Denarii almost entirely based on the Brandenburg pattern. About The entire Anhalt denarius coinage is from the speaker already traded when the Aschersleber find was published (p. 23). These Anhalt denarii only mention twice inscribed with its coiner Albrecht: on Aschersleben No. 127 in Latin form ALBE(rtus) and No. 128 German ALBRECHT. Which representatives of the various lines the silent denarii will probably remain undetermined. Only in the 3rd Quarter of the XVth At the turn of the century new coins appeared: Hollow pennies with the state coat of arms, often with a 6 above it However, George I (f 1474) is not indicated as the coiner may not be used, but is referred to as a mint or mint master, both of which are unknown. The ending is one small copper Pfenning with coat of arms and 6, pretty

— 10 -

rare. — Speaker supported his presentation with lectures removal of a large number of the treated coins from his Collection. —

Meeting of February 5, 1894.

Several gentlemen laid out a large number of interesting ones Characters belonging to a wide variety of times and peoples Addition of the required declarations to: State parliament ordered van Vleuten an “in palatio” found near Bonn minted Meroviningian gold coin of a still unknown Mint master LEV. . ., Baurath Fischer-Dieck denarii of the German emperors and kings Ludwig I, Otto III, Henry II, Dr. Bahr fei the newly discovered bracteates from Regenstein 13th and 15th centuries, a mint mark with the Kottbuser Krebs from 1692, a Silesian Jetton of unknown origin future, Mr. Meyer a valuable triple thaler of the bishop thums Eichstädt from 1596, a double thaler from Breslauer Bishop Karl Ferdinand from 1631 and half a ducat of Archduke Charles of Austria, Bishop of Breslau and Brixen, from 1618, finally two strange ones made in Spain Forgeries of English sovereigns in Piatina. To the latter Counter Admiral Strauch and Re- gierungsrath Friedensburg communications about Spanish Counterfeits of gold coins. Captain Brause discussed the thalers, which the city of Thorn received in 1629 on the occasion of the lucky the siege by the Swedes has left its mark and put four different stamps underneath unique, before; as well as that at the siege of Leipzig Schmalkaldic Wars 1 547 minted silver and gold emergency coins. — Mr. Dr. Weil gave a lecture about the Counterfeit coinage in antiquity and what was used at the time Process to produce the fake coins subaerat, i.e. h. with a bronze or iron core ("anima"), which is in silver covered in sheet metal. The private citizen, the unauthorized person undertook such an imprint, the ancient legislation threatened the death penalty everywhere. On the other hand, state authorities have... In times of financial crisis, they did not shy away from these Procedure to make use of: e.g. B. are the silver coins of

— 11 —

King Pausanias (391/90 BC) usually subaerate. strange- Same way is also from the staters, which Themistocles as Lord of Magnesia on the Maeander coined one of the Both known specimens subaerate, so that one has to reckon with the possibility that this will happen here too an officially operated counterfeit. From the second year- 100 BC an inscription was found from Dyme in Achaia. hold, in which a whole gang of counterfeiters have the death knell judgment is imposed. The document undoubtedly comes from one Time of economic decline, because of the four delinquents only one is a local, the others are foreigners Names not even certain by the judges had been established can be. During the Roman Ice Age it was reserved Conditions that had previously only existed temporarily occurred across the entire Roman world in the 3rd century. spread out richly, until finally at the place of the silver coating only the white-boiled copper appears. — The fact that In earlier antiquity the coinage, at least in the Greek Free States, often leased to entrepreneurs who, after their lease had expired, also probably did taking over such a lease elsewhere has resulted in in Crete at least the mint occasionally when he left I took a coin stamp with me and used it somewhere else. has turned. Because this is the only way it can be explained if in Eleuthernae and Hierapytna a head of Zeus made from the same stamp can be found. Mr. v. der Heyden discussed the occasional coins, which the Hohenzoller electors of the Mark in large left number. There are hardly any before Friedrich Wilhelm such pieces have been struck, especially that one seems Coin of Joachim H from 1569 and 1570, which can be found on the Mit- enfeoffment with Prussia to be a kourant coin. The speaker presented brands from his rich collection. Burgischer coins a series of pieces of the designated type before, starting with the Todesthaler and Quarterthaler Georg Wilhelm's 1640 and ending with the double dnkat on the In 1683 the Great Elector's daughter-in-law died, Elisabeth Henriette of Hesse-Kassel. Special interest attracted a number of large gold coins to win

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Warsaw (1656), as well as a double thaler and several thalers to that of Fehrbellin (1675). — Mr. District Court Councilor Dannen- berg added the illustrations to the one that will appear next Volume II of his “German Coins of the Saxon and Franconian Imperial period tt and explained some of the most important of them, especially the stamp of Duke Giselbert of Lorraine (915-939), the Eammerich denarius of Otto the Great, the rich series of bishops of Yerdun and Liège, as well as the Counts of Stade, later Margraves of the Nordmark, the first recently discovered stamps of Bonn and Count Dietmar, Son of the Saxon Duke Bernhard I, von Arnstadt and von Aquileia (Patriarch Poppo or Wolfgang 1019-1042). In particular He particularly discussed the imitations of foreign characters, in which the die cutters of that time were so often fell. They were partly based on ancient Roman patterns. works, partly after Byzantine or simultaneous English Italian and Bohemian, even on a penny of Emperor Henry II. slavishly imitated a dirhem from a Spanish Khalifa. But it is no less remarkable, as is so often the case close connection to the popular character of the largest trading venues sought, a fact that applies to the entire Middle Ages. — Mr. Dr. Nütze 1 gave a brief account of the beginnings Muhammadan coinage, especially its development the same in Syria from the conquest of the country by the Arabs who initially adopted the Byzantine coinage system and the Byzantine coin types even with the Christian ones Symbols, retained and only gradually changes 'to it up to the great Umayjad coinage reform Khalifa Abdulmelik in 77 d. H. = 696 AD, through which removes all pictorial representations from the coins and were replaced by Arabic inscriptions. The lecture became more Byzantine thanks to a large number of plaster casts Models and Muhammedan imprints based on originals of the Royal Coin Cabinet.

Meeting of March 5, 1894.

Mr. Meyer presented a large series of French guidelines pieces (Stale, Piedforts) from Henry III. and IV., Louis XIII.

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and XIV., along with one of the tumors of Johann the Good, as well as the entire series of test coins of George III. from England from 1831, 15 pieces in gold, silver and copper. — Mr. Captain Brause discussed the emergency coins that the Imperial General Johann von Bauschenberg in 1610 Siege of Jülich had his silverware struck, and showed a number of these rare pieces through their irregular shape and the traces that are still visible in many ways engraved decorations clearly reveal their origin. — Mr. v. Jacobs a. G. pointed to a newly published work by Lehmann, in which the proof of the connection between the Babylonian and Greek weight systems is conducted, and provided interesting information about the type and Way the ancient Babylonians did their measurements and weighing have employed. — Mr. Dr. Nützet reported on the portrait coins representing the Mohammedan dynasties of the Zengids and Ortokids from the middle of the 12th to the beginning of the 13th century century in northern Mesopotamia and Syria older imitating role models. As a result of the ban on images in Islam Until then there were no images on coins, and hence the Stamp cutter still very untrained in the performing arts were, they often used old models, namely took They used them completely at random, as they came into their hands. This is how you find, among other things: Greek, Seleucid, Roman, Byzantine Tinian types from the 3rd century BC. recreated, even the image of Christ appears underneath. The speaker placed a large number of plaster casts after the Originals from the Royal Coin Cabinet in Berlin, these Mohammed Medanical imprints, compiled with the subsequent demonstrable role models.

Mr. District Judge Dannenberg showed one more unknown denarius of Emperor Heinrich III minted in Arnstadt. in front, quite similar to those in nearby Erfurt. Those now in Principality of Seh Warzburg - Sondershausen, the city occupied "saw a Reichstag within its walls as early as 954" was so far not represented with older stamps than with those of the abbots von Hersfeld, who lived here from 1180 to the end of the 13th century a hundred coins, and the Count of Schwarzburg, who

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first co-ownership, in 1332 also the share of the abbots themselves bought and both bracteates from the 14th century also left pennies from the end of the 15th century have. Then the same speaker gave the hand of the recently published "Numismatique Luxembourgeoise" by R. Serrurre an overview of the Luxembourg coin system. The coinage began here at the beginning of the 11th century Count Friedrich, but then rests until the middle of the following Century, where Henry IV struck small denarii with their His successors continued to coin coins until Count Henry VII later came to the throne of Germany, the first pennies struck, which were followed by half and quarter pennies. At the same time, mints also multiplied and became... those under him and his successors outside the capital to name yourself: Arlon, Bastogne, Damvillers, Durbuy, Marche- en-Faienne, Meraude (now Poilvache), la Roche, Thionville and Ivoix (today Carignan). The coining was particularly lively under Henry VII's son, John the Blind, King of Bohemia, operated, but in the imitation of popular foreign styles, especially the English sterling, far beyond the measure of the went beyond what was permitted. It is remarkable in a good sense his government through the coinage contracts he concluded with Heinrich, Counts of Bar, as concluded with Liège and Namur, while his son Wenceslaus I created such a coin union with the ore bishops of Trier. His nephew and successor As the German king, Wenceslaus II was embossed with the imperial eagle, and His coins are no less numerous Successors Jodocus, Elisabeth of Görlitz, Anton of Burgundy, John of Bavaria, Philip of Burgundy, followed by a pause until, after several decades, Emperor Max I was elected The coin was minted by his son Philip the Handsome in 1487 resumes that Philip himself, Charles V and Philip II. continue. After him, only Albert and Isabella have 1615 and Philip IV, but in 1644 it became the Luxembourger The coin is permanently closed and only occasional state coins defeated abroad. First the French siege of 1795 gave rise to the production of emergency coins, and in In our time, the Grand Duke's Palace, newly built in 1839, was

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thum Luxembourg there in the years 1854 - 1870 copper coins deployed. Some of the shapes discussed were presented.

Mr. Dr. Bahrfeldt gave the first part of a lecture Stendal's coinage, both in the sovereign and in the city Mint. Stendal entered history in 1022. Around the middle of the 12th century it received market rights and was well also city charter by Albrecht the Bear. From him, 1123 to 1170, and his son Otto L, 1170-1184, are certain Coins from Stendal cannot be identified. Only under Otto IL, 1184-1205, we have an extremely rare bracteate for sale. draw with the inscription MABCHIO STENDALE, which one wrongly wanted to give to Albrecht IL, 1205-1220. The latter provided us with a larger series of denarii Stendal, from the Daeli find, the Letzlingen find and a not yet published one by Chüden, enriched They carry, in several types, the inscriptions ALBERT C(omes) STENDALE and similar, partly only Albrecht Names, some of them are silent. After a break you can It was only secured by name again under Otto IV, 1266-1308 see margrave pfennigs from Stendal, including the rare ones with STENDALESCHE (to be added: “coin”). Stendalisches Silver, measures, weights, Stendal guild statutes were recorded many cities in Brandenburg and beyond. 1266 The first Stendal mint master Albert appears in a document, 1277 mint master Herbord, 1292 master Heiso. Into the years 1333 - 1840 the perishable leases of the market Count's Mint in Stendal, which purchased the coin in 1369 from the estates and towns in the Stendal district around 5700 marks result in silver. The buyers thereby acquire this Right pennies to beat, the annual exchange (around Jacobi) were no longer needed; this was called the law of the eternal penny. The district remained the sole coinsmith Stendal, and from here on Stendal city money appears, but At first it seems that the strike was only weakly carried out be. It was only under the Hohenzollerns that the city's minting operation came into being became more active by issuing hollow pfennigs with the city coat of arms showing half an eagle and four stones, like this

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Carved coat of arms from 1462 in the old guild hall in Stendal. The electors hit hollow eagle pennies in Stendal up to 16th century. In 1488 the cloth guilds revolted makers, linen weavers, furriers, cobblers and bakers Increase in beer goats. As a punishment for this, the city was their freedom of coinage was essentially restricted by the elector, which soon led to the closure of the city's operations. In 1508 Simon Preger and in 1509 Georg Füge became mint master employed by Elector Joachim I, with the instruction of pfennigs to beat, no longer hollow as before, but "smooth" and with scepter and eagle shield in the picture. The dime coinage began in 1460 in the Mark, and the first pennies appeared in Stendal only in 1509: the indication of those from 1501 and 1503 is incorrect. The Stendaler Groschen bore Georg Fuge's symbol until 1525, an eagle's head, from the mint master Hans Thornow since 1531 Sign, a turret. There are halfpennies from this time there two types ; the rarer type is a faithful imitation of the Margrave of Brandenburg's five-a-side, which is aground the coin association of 1495 between Bamberg, Palatinate and Brandenburg i. F. have been beaten.

Meeting Tom April 2, 1894.

The gentlemen Dr. Weil and District Court Councilor Dannenberg presented the previously published three volumes of the description of the antique coins from the local Royal Coin Cabinet. The same include Italy (with the exception of Lucania and Bruttium and the islands), the Taurian Chersonese, Sarmatia, Dacia, Pannonia, Moesia, Thrace, Peonia, Macedonia and the Macedonian kings up to Perdiccas III. The ones from these Almost 6,000 coins available in all countries are described in detail and, where necessary, treated critically, 38 plates and 222 Zinc prints inserted into the text provide the most beautiful and intimate most interesting pieces again. The speakers pointed out the richness of these magnificent ranks and their high Worthy for all artistic and historical purposes. In the former respect, the most recently published, by the director's assistant Dr. Dressel processed gang pointed out that the Royal Cabinet of Taranto alone was in 626

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Sticks, including 39 gold ones, and that these and some other series far exceed those of the British Museum. The large ingots were particularly interesting Italian aes grave with depictions of Pegasus (inscription ROMANOM), the staff of Mercury, the trident, etc. m. attention, a piece of gold from Taranto because of its outstanding beauty with the Tara boy pleading with his father Neptune. — Sir District Court Councilor Danneuberg also presented the award for the The society's library contains a list of “school coins in the former Kurhessen tf, which was run by Dr. boy in this annual Easter program at the secondary school in Kassel - is provided and explained; among the schools represented here There are no less than four universities (Fulda, Rin- teln, Kassel, Marburg).

Mr. v. Jakobs put some newer coins with stamps errors, Mr. Baurath Fischer-Dieck minted one in 1661 Thaler von Besan

very rare bracteates and denarii from the mints

2

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Köpenick (Jakza), Brandenburg, Stendal, Salzwedel, Spandan, Perleberg, Kyritz, Berlin, Frankfurt and Bishop Eonrad explained by Lebus. — Mr. Adolf Meyer showed a Jetton (Ducat discount in silver), minted on the opening of the new one Vienna Mint in 1753, where the Emperor supposedly has been against and by turning a crank a number thaler-shaped showpieces himself. The speaker doubted the veracity of this story and spoke out Presentation of a large number of the pieces in question (Ducats, thalers, guilder and gold discounts) di& assumption from the mint of Antwerp, where you can see very similar displays, decorated with the Antwerp one Mint mark, minted by hand.

Mr. Dr. Bahrfeld t finished his career in March The lecture on Stendal's coinage that began at the meeting sovereign and municipal mint. On the last one Follow the small coin types discussed under Joachim I the coarse varieties: Thaler, Halbthaler, Quarterthaler, of which only the latter were defeated in Stendal in 1524 and 1525 are, while they are in the marrow at the same time as the Thalern appeared in 1521. There were 29 of them from Illlöthigen Mark and had a course of 14 cruisers. Be- Particularly strange are the angel pennies that the previous recently published his research elsewhere These impressions are the result of one in the first quarter of the 16th century intended coin union between Brandenburg and Saxony. Stendal also has Brandenburg and Frankfurt a. 0. delivered a type of these angel pennies, of which only two examples are known today. gold guilders, which according to the electoral regulations in Stendal by the Mint master Georg added 71 pieces from the 18th century in 1509. 3 gr. It is not known that fine pulp should be beaten become. At the end of Joachim I's reign everyone left Electoral coinsmiths of the Mark up to Berlin and Stendal. According to a decree by Joachim II. by Hans Thornow Groschen, half-groschen, thaler, half-thaler and gold guilders are made, the shot and grain of which are precise was prescribed. The last two varieties are from Stendal

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not yet appeared in the original. There are pennies from them Years 1538, 1539, 1542. Halfpenny from 1538, 1539, 1542, 1543 and Thaler > from 1542, 1543, 1544. Almost all of them are very rare today. Last year's Thaler decided that Thornow's activity, who was involved in the minting business irregularly - had caused debts to arise and therefore his was sacked from office. It was not until 1553 when the triple coinage (224 from the almost 41öthigen mark, 84 => 1 guilder) the Stendal coin was reopened. Under executing On the basis of physical evidence, the speaker explained Joachim II's threesome type. with helmet on one side and scepter and eagle shield on the other on the other side for stendal, on the other hand with one each Shields on one side as Berlin. The basis for this is in the mint master's documents he found in the archives. appointments, various other documented news and can be seen in the seals of the mint masters. The order the latter, of which only a few were previously known the following in the 16th century: 1508 Simon Preger; 1509 - 1525 Georg Füge, mint mark: eagle head; It rested in 1526 and 1527 Coin strike in Stendal; 1528 - 1531 unknown mint masters with signs cross and leaf; 1531—1544 Hans Thornow, Mintmark: Tower; 1545 Hans Krapp; It was dormant from 1545 to 1553 coin hammer; 1553 - 1559 Georg Kurt the Younger, sign: two crossed Zain hooks; 1560, 1561 no coin operation; 1562 until 1564 Martin Huxer from Goslar, sign: deer head and deer; 1564 Hans Kronner from Magdeburg; 1564 - 1565 Hermann von Fuhrden, sign: cloverleaf. This one also has one in Stendal 1564 Groschen struck in the manner of the Saxons, from which recently included the first, only piece in a find Seasoning has come to the fore. 1568 is still the Electoral mint master, unnamed, from Stendal mentioned, and that concludes the sovereign coinage activity there. The city of Stendal made two more sometimes noticeable with their coinsmiths. This happened in 1594, when the elector allowed her to pay 16 pfennigs to a groschen, to hit with the course scepter and the city coat of arms, but Christian Biener was from the General Mint at the coin trial

days to Frankfurt a. 0. 1595 found to be too low and therefore

2*

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were banned. Finally the city also has a cloudy day Kipper period in 1621 with many other German ones Let cities run out of small copper pennies. This ends the coin strike in Stendal for all time. For explanation During his lecture, the speaker presented the different types of Stendalian coinage from around the year 1200 to 1621 from his collection.

Meeting of the 7th Shark 1894.

The chairman, Mr. Friedensburg Government Councilor, thought with honorable words of the long-suffering man who died on May 2nd year-old member of the society, Mr. Adolf Meyer, Science has published several valuable works on coins the city of Dortmund (1883), the Rantzau families (1882) and Eggenberg (1888), Albrecht von Wallenstein (1885) and the Brandenburg-Prussian influence for Africa (1885). Those present honored the memory of the deceased Rising from the seats. — Mr. Rear Admiral Strauch stopped a lecture on the first Chinese coins after European European model, which has been in the canton since 1890 the Governor General of Kwang-tung and Kwang Provinces* hsi can be minted after the approval of “the throne*. This Coins correspond to the so-called called Mexican dollar and its fractional value, since China itself does not have its own coin base, but is rather weight of pure silver used as a value meter: 1 liang (= l 1 /, ounce) = 10 Tschien = 100 Fen == 1000 Lih, names, those in dealings with foreigners through the values: Tael, Mace, Gandareen, Kash will be replaced. The Mexican dollar was set = 7 Mace 2 Gandareens and that's how it reads the denominations of the coins in question this amount, to 3 Mace 6 Candareens (7s dollars), 1 Mace 4.4 Candareens (20 cents), 7.2 Candareens (10 cents) and .3.6 Candareens (5 cents). These value designations and the Name of Kwang-tung Province, both in English, form the inscription on one side, on which is embossed the Imperial Dragon, but with 4, instead of, as it appears on coins, which are approved by the government, it would probably be more correct

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with 5 claws. The other side faces in the middle some not understood by the European stamp cutter and therefore unreadable Mongolian letters, that's why Chinese characters around it, which are the official name the current government period (Kwang-sü = shining succession), the weight information, etc. Same Governor Hess also has five types of silver coins still in 1889 bronze coins in the Chinese style, round, make with a square hole in the middle; but they are these also shaped, while the previous Chinese ones Bronze coins were cast. They point on both sides Chinese and Mongolian characters representing the name the province, the coin denomination, etc., and were initially minted to the value of 1/100 o tael (cash). There but until then only around 1350 such bronze coins had been issued Tael had been counted, these became new coins not taken by the population and one saw oneself forced to issue lighter pieces, 1350 to 1 tael. — The- The same speaker presented a very rare small copper medal presented by Mr. A. Tautenberg in Auckland in the year 1875 on the occasion of the presence of S. M. S. “Gazelle 44”. have it embossed and on the one hand the well-crafted one Head of a Maori with the characteristic painting on which others contain the dedicatory inscription. — Mr. v. d. Heyden discussed a Halbthaler Joachims IL that appeared in the trade of Brandenburg from 1541 and included several medals religious representations of beautiful work. — Mr Re- gierungsrath Friedensburg showed an embossed oval medal of Prince Wenzel von Lobkowitz with his well-crafted Bust portrait in armor and field armband. The back has one Allegorical representation: an upright coral tree in the sea, above it the words: “Tempore durescit 1 ' under a crown. Wenceslaus von Lobkowitz was born in 1609, entered the Austrian Empire in 1629 Reich state and military service, was awarded in 1646 Principality of Sagan enfeoffed and died in 1677. The medal is shown in Miltner and Neumann on plate 29.

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Meeting Tom June 4, 1894.

Mr. Regional Court tsrath Dannenberg presented for the Library of the Society the recently published second volume his “German coins of the Saxon and Franconian Imperial period.* This volume only contains addendums to the previous one first published 18 years ago; how rich these are, mainly are primarily the result of new lucky discoveries, that proves it the fact that the number of illustration panels increased from 61 to 100 and the treated coins from 1390 to 1866 has increased, although it should be noted that the numerous more important special types (unimportant ones are fundamentally lich excluded) the consecutive numbers with letters are lined up, so that in total there are around 2500 coins from the Period from 919 to 1137 described and explained, with minor Exceptions have also been shown. These illustrations come from the author's own hand, which gives them the Preference of understanding loyalty ensures. The meaning of the The supplements offered here include: due to the large number of newly introduced mints in the light, as Gambray, St. Omer, Lens, Alost, Eenham, Tournay, Luxembourg, Bonn, Prüm, Rhynsburg, Ballenstädt, Braunschweig, Gittelde, Bursfelde» Nordheim, Helmershausen, Marsberg, Arnstadt, St. Gallen, Aquileia and the unnamed mint of the great The discovery of Rakwitz in Moravia (1886) was added in the first place. entered Austria. Also particularly important are the Coins of the second Duke of Lorraine Giselbert (915-939) and Count Dietmar of Billung, a son of the Saxon Duke L Bernhard I, no less the Gittelders Pfennigs with the oldest German coin inscriptions that we have know, and the Braunschweiger a few decades later with the also German Greve Egbertus (1068-1090). Also the articles Stade and Nordheim, which are already too extensive Coin histories of these coins are not yet available in numismatics the noble families represented, deserve just as much special mention, such as the Bavarian-style denarius of the Patriarch Poppo of Aquileia, who previously doubted it Document from 1028 granting the right to mint to the mentioned pen beyond all doubt. These and many others