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Zeitschrift für Numismatik, vol. 22 — 1895

Numismatische Gesellschaft, Berlin, 1895 · provisional German–English translation

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MAGAZINE

FOR

NUMISMATICS

•

PUBLISHED BY:

ALFRED OF SALLET.

NINETEENTH VOLUME.

BERLIN

WEIDMANN8CHE BOOKSHOP.

1895. GfHMNV

Contents of the nineteenth volume.

Antiquity.

Page

Bahrfeldt, M., Investigations into the chronology of the coins of the

Domitii Ahenobarbi from the Roman period .... 53

Bahrfeldt, M., Checked coins from the Roman period 72

8tückelberg, E. A., Nobilissimatsmünzen 106

Drexler, W., On ancient coinage 128

Kinch, K.F., iaton 135

Seitmann, About some rare coins from Himera (Plate III). . . 165 Ganter, F. L, The Dictatorships of Caesar and the Coins of the First Five

mi viri a. a. a. f. f. 183

Lambropoulos, A., Contributions to Greek numismatics (Taf. Uli) . . 204 Weil, B., On the history of the study of numismatics. (In there too

Middle Ages.) 245

Seitmann, £. J., Interesting markings on coins from Taranto and Aenus 283

Middle Ages etc.

Buchenau, H., The Bremen Find (Plates I and II) 1

Hartmann, Martin, communications from the Hartmann collection .... 97 Stickel, D., About a very strange dinar from the Abassidi

Khalifa al-Watsik-billah 103

Bardt, Fr., The denarius find from Zweinert 113

Bardt, Fr., On the coinage law of the bishops of Lebus 117

Voigt, H., school coins, calculator pennies 144

Scheuner, R , A community coin of the cities of Sommerfeld and Guben 235

Scheuner, R, Two books from the Görlitz Mint, . 263

Cahn, J., A new denarius of Yolquin III, Count of Schwalenburg. . 279

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Smaller messages.

Notes on a very rare English coin 289

Bechenpfennig of Hans Schultes 290

Coinsfound 291

H-oHqso

IV Contents of the nineteenth volume

Page

Literature.

Dannenberg, H 91

v. Saurma-Jeltsch, Hugo Freiherr 94

International Conferences on Innmismatique in BruzeUes 152

Fiala, E 160

Dannenberg, H 239

Oheetret de Haneffe, J. de 242

Engel, A 293

Engel, A. and B. Serrnre 294

Dannenberg, H 307

necrologist.

Werner Wippe 164

Dr. jur. Jakob Dirks 316

Jakob Hoffmeister 317

Theodor Stenzel 317

Adolf Meyer 817

W.H Waddington 318

Negotiations of the Numismatic Society in Berlin 1894.

The Bremen Fund.

(See Tables I and II.);

On October 17, 1887, the former Bremer Citizen pasture when creating a swimming pool is a brown one A glazed clay jug was found containing around 1,300 small silver coins and a clumsy silver ring a little bigger than your thumb Diameter included. The find was made for the Bremer acquired from the State Archives and is to be kept there in its entirety. remain preserved.

The processing of the find was carried out in the most courteous manner Wise by the State Archivist Senate Secretary Dr. from Bippen was allowed, revealed that it had an inter- essential contribution to the knowledge of coinage and money in northeastern Lower Saxony and in the adjacent northeastern Western Westphalia delivers. The main body of the find consists from the last quarter of the 14th century in these Thick pennies that are common in these areas, the ones in the current Customers often call it “nyen quaden Swaren” (cf. Grote, Münz- stud. III pp. 71, 75), which, thanks to their light weight, caused that the Turnosgroschen, “the Groten u”, is no longer 4 but was counted as 5 swaras.

Such fat pennies found themselves: the city of Bremen (minted since 1369): 324 pieces; of Count Erich von Hoya - Nienburg (1377-1427): 38; of Count Otto von Hoya-Hoya (1383 - 1428): 39, also an indeterminate Hoyish denarius or halfling; of the nobleman Johann von Diepholz (1377 - 1421): 29; the episcopal rule of Yechte in Münster (Vechta): 33; the archiepiscopal Bremen bailiwick of Wildes-

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Journal for Wumiimatics. XIX 1

2 H. Bochenau:

hausen (partly with the name of the bailiff Friedrich von Schagen — 1360—1386 — ): 54; Oldenburg: 109, including 3 so far unknown with the name of Count Eonrad (1342-1401).

This one main group of the find is completed by the denarii of the bishops of Münster: Florence (1364 - 1379): 14 pieces, a quarter of a penny (four of a kind from the same bishop); Heidenreich (1381—1392): 4 pieces; of the bishops of Osnabrück: Johann (1349—1366): 1 piece; Dietrich (1376-1402): 9 pieces; Bielefeld denarii of Count Wilhelm von Kavensberg (1360-1397): 52 pieces; Denarii of Bishop Otto von Minden (1384—1398): 1 piece; of Bishop Heinrich of Paderborn (1361—1380): 3 pieces; They are also followed by: Herforder Denarii of Abbess Hildegund (1374-1412?): 12; others Herford denarii, e.g. T. with the name of an abbess “Godera* 7, Herford halves: 2 pieces; probably a denarius of Count Dietrich von der Mark zu Dinslaken (1368-1406), a presumably Emden, a denarius of the Dortmund type, one probably more lippy and next to one less precise

determined to be an older Hessian denarius in the Westphalian style.

««

This overview already shows that only very few pieces the find goes back to before the middle of the 14th century, Even the well-known ones between the Weser and Ems in abundance found pennies belonging to Bishop Ludwig of Münster (1310-1357) not a single piece has been found.

It is also striking that the central and southern Lower Saxony only through a few worn-out Hanoverian helmet pennies is represented in the finds, and it therefore appears with these There was little traffic in areas along the Lower Weser back then to be.

The second main component of the find is: Coins from the landscape between Ems and Weser the money varieties of the Lübischen coin base opposite, namely Witten, Three of a kind, two-sided pennies (V des Witten), hollow pennies and their halves (sherfe), originating from Hamburg, Lüneburg, Lübeck, Mecklenburg, Parchim, Rostock, Wismar; some pom-

p. 7 · zoom original

The Bremen find. 3

German shards and other coins from the Baltic Sea regions join in with it. The Lübeck currency also includes the found Witte of the chief of Jever Edo Wieneken (1353-1410). Found as a scattered stack another poorly preserved denarius from a Franconian factory.

For the question about the time the find was buried These characteristics of the Lübeck currency are crucial, since the demonstrably recent imprint of the find is from Hamburg and Lüneburg Witten after the recess of 1403 (No. 94 and 103) and the hamburgers put into circulation at the same time, Lüneburg, Wismar and Lübeck triplets (No. 95, 104, 108 and 126), as well as the probably simultaneous Wittenpfennig from Wismar are, while among the numerous ham- Burgher coins none of those mined after the recession of 1410 coins Witten was located. All of these minted around 1403 Lübeck currency coins are, on average, much better priced. than the previously mentioned big pennies of the Bremisch- Westphalian coin base. This is most likely the case Found buried soon after 1403.

As I said, the previous ones are already very worn out. found since the pledge was acquired in 1369 Coin minted festering of the city of Bremen with the lying Key next to the head of St. Peter and the bishop's image of St. Willehad (25 pieces), which are the Münster denarii of the Bishop Ludwig almost indistinguishably imitated and thereby a complaint from the Bishop of Florence in 1371 caused let. Perhaps this complaint had the effect of clearly clearer distinction between the Bremen coins and the Münster ones the key placed vertically next to the apostle's head while the bishop's image on the back remained unchanged.

p. 8 · zoom original

The 265 specimens of this second variety with standing Keys are usually in better condition. Later came Bremen a separate type for the denarii: the triangular city shield and St. Peter in the half-length portrait with tiara, key and

Sword

2 H. Buchenan:

hausen (partly with the name of the bailiff Friedrich von Schagen — 1360—1386 — ): 54; Oldenburg: 109, including 3 so far unknown with the name of Count Konrad (1342-1401).

This one main group of the find is completed by the denarii of the bishops of Münster: Florence (1364 - 1379): 14 pieces, a quarter of a penny (four of a kind from the same bishop); Heidenreich (1381—1392): 4 pieces; of the bishops of Osnabrück: Johann (1349—1366): 1 piece; Dietrich (1376-1402): 9 pieces; Bielefeld denarii of Count Wilhelm von Ravensberg (1360-1397): 52 pieces; Denarii of Bishop Otto von Minden (1384—1398): 1 piece; of Bishop Heinrich of Paderborn (1361—1380): 3 pieces; They are also followed by: Herforder Denarii of Abbess Hildegund (1374-1412?): 12; others Herford denarii, e.g. T. with the name of an abbess “Godera* 7, Herford halves: 2 pieces; probably a denarius of Count Dietrich von der Mark zu Dinslaken (1368-1406), a presumably Emden, a denarius of the Dortmund type, one probably more lippy and next to one less precise determined to be an older Hessian denarius in the Westphalian style.

p. 9 · zoom original

The Bremen found. 3

German shards and other coins from the Baltic Sea regions join in with it. The Lübeck currency also includes the found Witte of the chief of Jever Edo Wieneken (1353-1410). Found as a scattered piece another poorly preserved denarius from a Franconian factory.

p. 10 · zoom original

Sword.

4 H. Buchenao:

This type can only be seen a short time before the burial The find must have been included because it was only 34 years old Well-preserved copies were represented« However, the first one The coin can only be pledged to the Council of Bremen until Death of Archbishop Albert (1395) lasted, and only in 1409 one If a new pledge was made, this type must have existed before 1395 have been included.

The type with the city shield was then used for the Festering maintained from 1409 to 1454, in which latter year the renewed pledging of the coin to the council expired and from then on it was not renewed.

At the time of this second pledge these were still now masses of sores are becoming more and more important. wrestles, while the specimens of our find, so apparently the of the first emission of this type, in weight (average 0.99 gr.) is still exactly the same as the older Wilhadus denarii. closing and the weight of 0.974 grams is only insignificant surpass, which was given to the mint master Johann von Soltstede in 1412 was prescribed (Jungk, Bremisches Münzwesen p. 69).

In its composition mentioned above there is now Bremen find a clear picture of what happened at the beginning of the 15th century financial system prevailing on the Lower Weser, which corresponds exactly to the terms that the current ones Documents and especially the invoices for 1405 - 1407 the completion of the construction of the Bremen town hall, (Brem. Yearbook II, 1866). These coin ratios are carried out- lichly discussed in the excellent treatises by H. Grote about the Oldenburg and Hoy coinage history and afterwards at Jungk, the Bremen coins. According to those by Grote and The calculations made by Jungk were valid at the time of Bremen Bathhouse building the Münster and Osnabrück (and thus probably also the other Westphalian thick pfennigs as much as one Bremer Sware; the Lübischen Witte was considered = 2 Swaren, the three- ling = 1% Swaren, the pfennig = half a Swaren; from The shearers (halves) of Lübeck currency were given five

p. 11 · zoom original

The Bremen found. 5

one swara, while two to one Lübeck pfennigs came.

Remarkable!! is that among the specifically Bremen There are no hollow pennies missing from the find It was coined in 1387 by the mint master Heinrich von Romunde had committed (see Jungk p. 139), while the um 1400 minted hollow pennies of the Lübischen foot with the Radial edges and their halves, the shears, are quite numerous represented are: whole hollow pennies: Hamburg No. 98, Lüne- castle No. 106, Lübeck No. 111, Mecklenburg No. 115, Wismar No. 127, Denmark No. 132, also Greifswald No. 129: as a whole 94 pieces; next to it some older hollow pennies with smooth edges; half hollow pennies (sherfe): Hamburg No. 99, Lübeck No. 112, Mecklenburg No. 116, also German Order No. 131: as a whole 12 pieces.)

This phenomenon confirms Jungk's spoken assumption that these hollow pennies in Bremen either not at all or only in very small quantities have been coined. The same applies to those prescribed in 1387 Wittenpfennige, and they made do with these two Coin types the corresponding mintage from the Lower Elbe and to let the Baltic Sea circulate.

By the way, hollow pennies like the archiepiscopal coin in Bremen in the first half of the 14th century en masse provided us, particularly from the Lozstedt finds and St Magnus were present at the time of burial Our find was completely lost in traffic and it was also half Irish hollow pennies are no longer the custom, at least back then on the Baltic Sea the need for coins is lowest value, as the increased traffic and larger exposure flourishing of the urban system corresponded, through the expression of the Halves of the hollow penny, the often called shear had come. The finds found in Bremen in the Sheafs minted in the form of hollow coins have monetary value the flat and mostly two-sided shears found

p. 12 · zoom original

g H. Buchenau:

(actually whole pennies of greatly reduced weight; cf. Lüneburg (?) No. 107, Mecklenburg No. 113 and 117, Pomerania Nr. 128: im Ganzen 20 Stück) offenbar entsprochen. The Er- The posture of these flat shears is consistently very poor, so that according to the composition of our treasure as theirs Date of origin around the middle of the 14th century lets take.

The following description of the coins should be noted note that only the western ones are accurate and with weight information. The Franco-Lower Saxon group is described only here a significant number of only partially or at all found unknown coins. To the excellent in H. Grote's works on monetary matters contained in the coin studies and coin history of Oldenburg, Hoya, Diepholz and Herford, our find provides a lot of additions or modifications corrections.

Particular care was taken to ensure that these items characterize the deviations in the decoration of the garment to determine that this is the case on most of these Westphalian thickets. a bishop's image that appears in pennies. As mentioned, in the last decades of the fourteenth century the between Ems and Unterweser most popular character with the Heads and bishop images originate from this younger type of denarii of Bishop Ludwig of Münster (1310-1357), whose detailed description I will follow.

The front shows the head of St. Paul, strict stylized, with locks of hair at the temple and two locks of beard on each side on each side of the face; is under the head a piece of robe, suggesting the collar, with recessed Decorated with a cross, to the left of the head is the hand of the saints with the sword; an arc within the surrounding closing pearl circle indicates the halo; Um- font: SANCTVS PAVLVS. The reverse shows the bishop in the knee piece, sitting, with a high, single-pointed miter on the right blessing, holding a closed book on the left on his chest

p. 13 · zoom original

The Bremen find. 7

a large rosette consisting of 4 semicircular arches with a cross in the middle; the strip of clothing, which is vertical running downwards from this rosette is decorated with three stacked standing cross decorated; next to the bishop's knees indicate two upward curved lines with slanting are marked with crosses, the subsellium. Transcription: + LODEVICVS = EPISCOPVS.

The details described were important To determine the type precisely: it has a different transcription (“MONETA = BREMENSIS” and “SANT WIL = LEHAD EPS”) First of all, the Bremen Swaren, which have been minted since 1369, are closely followed. imitated, only that in addition to the sword there is also the Peter key appears next to the saint's head, and to this Bremen's character is based on the many similar ones Denarii from Hoya, Oldenburg, Wildeshausen, Diepholz and also Vechte, but with the difference that Key is usually exchanged with a coat of arms, and that especially the type of the blessing bishop in all sorts of little things vary. Next to the miter are the most the decorations of the robe seem to be insignificant subject to changes. But by determining this Small differences succeeded, down to the last bit the mass of poorly preserved or as a result of this Denarius own disproportion between Schrötling and Stamp to determine pieces remaining without inscription.

It was also observed that the same Changes to this ornamentation in the coins of Lower Hoya (Hoya and Bassum mints), Diepholz (Diepholz mints and “Wester”), Wildeshausen and partly with them too from Vechta and Oldenburg return evenly, so that at these mints, which are close to each other form series that run parallel in time. In particular, they only have Wildes coins three hours away from each other hausen and Bassum also have the strange name of the saint ^Svenoier tt together. The same agreement was evident

p. 14 · zoom original

H. Buchenan:

the shape of the letters, especially this one round or straight sts (JR or H) and on the straight curved or straight A (9 or K). This will do it the idea suggested that the same die cutter might worked for all of these mints for a long time have. And apparently the reduction in the temperature also holds weight of denarii keep pace with this change the stamp. In general, the weight of the items decreases The mintage that emerged from the territorial coins mentioned in as a result, more and more below that of the simultaneous ones Bremer Sware, at the same time reveals the often reddish color of the coins have poor fineness, circumstances that arise a less than solid operation of the coin system on both sides the Hunte's territories.

For better orientation the mentioned mints serve adjacent sketch.

It gives some riddles Bremen find, its solution I didn't succeed, so that “Godera abatissa u from Herford, the “Wester” mint Noblemen of Diepholz, the Holy names “Svenoier” and "Reigneus" on the Bassumer and Wildeshausen denarii. These questions are in detail discussed when describing the coins in question.

City of Bremen«

Swarovski (minted since 1369) with the head of St. Peter between the key and the sword and the seated image of hl. Willehad, a rosette on the saint's chest four arcs that converge at a point in the middle, under the rosette a strip of robes with three on top of each other standing cross.

The Bremen find. 9

1. Oldest variety with a lying key (Jungk 380).

25 pieces, mostly heavily used, together 24.8 gr.

On the following varieties the key is vertical next to the saint's head.

a) Swaren with markings above the key:

p. 15 · zoom original

2. A diagonal cross over the key.

5 pieces, together 4.9 gr. (Jungk, Brem. Coins 383.)

3. A point above the key (Jungk 382).

5 pieces, together 4.8 g.

4. A crescent moon over the key, not in Jungk.

22 pieces, together 21 gr.

5. b) Swaren without symbols above the vertical one Key (Jungk 381). 233 pieces, together 220.4 gr.

6. Swaren with the bust of St. Peter and the key in the triangular coat of arms, which is between three Schrägkreuzehen is located (more recent character of the urban Bremen Swaren, Jungk 394-397)

34 Stück, zusammen 33,8 gr.

These 34 pieces have the following nine varieties determine the number of which in this case probably only shortly before Burial assumed imprint on one right from the beginning very strong extent of expression can be concluded:

11/. a) *SÄ = ßdTVS = PQTRVS*

b) *SÄ = ROTS* = PQTRVS"

c) "SÄ (curly Ä) = HOTS i = PBTRVS"

On a, b, c there is a very long key that separates them inscription inside.

d) "SmiaTVS" = "PflTRVS*

e). . HOTS* «

On d and e the key is short, so that the transliteration remains unseparated.

On a, b, c, d, e the transcription begins above the head of the saint.

f) «sraaonrs

10 H. Buchenau:

On f the inscription begins at the bottom next to the right hand with the sword.

To a— f belongs the back: + HOK8TÄ $ BRQHOßSIS®, this inscription begins above the left (in the heraldic sense). side of the sign.

g) Ilf like a or b, Bf: +HOßaTÄ®BRaHaKSIS&*; Beginning of the applicant's inscription as at a—f.

h) Bf SZmaTS RVS $*; Beginning of the inscription

as in f, long key.

i) Ilf SÄ = — P8TRVS; Beginning of the inscription

as in a—e, long key.

Bf from h: + H0ß8TÄ& SUSIS®, behind the rose

apparently: * or 5.

Bf from i: + HIGHEST 18«.

On the Bf of h and i (only one ex. each) the internal writing above the (in the heraldic sense) right tip of the shield.

p. 16 · zoom original

Hoya (Upper County of Hoya-Nienburg).

Eric (1377—H27).

7. S were from the Nienburg an der Weser mint.

Bf. Head of St. Paulus zwischen der Hand mit dem Schwerte and the shield with the bear paws.

Bf Bishop with the miter, sitting, between two with the Slanting crosses decorated with arched lines, blessing on the right, on the left holding up a closed book, robe decoration as on the Bremer Wilhadusswaren (No. 1-5), below the figure next to another 7 crosses.

Hf a) amavssao* - *was;iiOi*

b) ama - • • i&n&oi*

c) aRiavs- ao - Mas:ßhoi*

d) amavsriOM**** - *i*(«a)s;i«iOi*

e) S:IOI seven points Id :

f) m*noi*ima***- - dm*tvi:*

g) OMIHa* • • • = DHI*TVI*

The Bremen find. 11

Rf a) MOIiGTÄ = nV6QM:OI*

b) MOßeTÄ - M68ßB0 *

c) MOßÖTÄ ß = VGaßM*

The stamps a, b, c on the back alternate with the various stamps on the main page a, b, c, d.

d) MOßÖTÄ = MGOßBV*

d is the back for the stamps of the Hf e, f, g. The coins e, f, g are more clumsily made than that previous, the halo ends with these stamps on the Hj. in a rough point, on the back it shows the robe decoration under the rosette is already separate Cross dissolved (transition to the Rf. of the following number, which must be embossed later).

27 pieces in total; Dm. 15mm; Weight: together 27.65 gr. See pictures of a, c, d and e. 8. The same type as in No. 7, but missing in the episcopal The figure has diagonal crosses on the sides of the knees, and under the clasp of the robe there are two ball rings cross; on b there is also a rough point between the head and sword on the hip Hf. a) IÄ*»OMI»a* DM*TVI * *

b) m. »OMina**** = *aai*Tvi* Rf. a) jMOiiaTÄ = meani •:• v *

b) MOHaTTS « RK?aß(ligated)BV*

One copy has the stamp Hf b with the the RF a connected.

p. 17 · zoom original

11 pieces in total; Dm. 15mm; Weight: together 10.07 gr. See images of two examples of 8a.

The legend of the Hf. of No. 8 like the main one pages of No. 7 f and g, apparently “in nomine domini tui u significant, seems to arise from the corruption of “Ericus comes to have emerged in Hoi" (see previous number), just as in the type the gradual development of this structure embossed from the first variants of the previous number can be tracked. From this, as from the excellent discovery

12 H. Buchenau:

The attitude of all of these pieces shows that this coin too is to be considered much younger than Grote, Coin Studies IV p. 244, accepts.

Hoya (Lower County of Hoya).

Denarii of Count Otto IV (1383-1428). Impossible Can any of the following pieces be played with Grote, coin stud. Vol. I, awarded to Count Otto IL (1290-1324): In addition to their strong presence in our find, its contents on the whole does not go back before the middle of the 14th century, The light weight of all these denarii contradicts this assumption, and also the two pieces described by Grote sind dem Grafen Otto III. to allocate.

A. Mint undetermined.

9th Hf. Head of St. Paul between the hand with the sword and the shield with the bear paws, left above and right under the shield a diagonal cross.

Rf. Episcopal figure, seated, swearing on the right, on the left holding a closed book, the miter with buttons on the corners; Lines with diagonal crosses on the sides of the knees this figure, the robe under the rosette is with two decorated with vertical crosses.

a) Hf ÄSISS =

Rf = aSülÄüIiOYÄ;

The rendering of the third letter in the word “Hoya” caused typographical difficulties: it is a Gothic V, also below at numbers 10 and 11.

p. 18 · zoom original

2 ex. Diameter: 15 - 16 mm, weight 1.96 g.

b) Hf. JBOßeTÄ S . . . = i

Rf. = . . . ti\j • . •

In variant b, the lines with the diagonals are missing. cross, the crosses under the 4 rosette on the bishop's pictures are at an angle.

1 ex. Diameter: 15 - 16 mm, weight: 0.89 gr.

c) Hf. on; = . . . sc?) . . .

The Bremen found. 13

The cross under the shield is missing, perhaps missing also the upper cross.

rj. . . . emiim =

Garment decoration under the rosette indistinct, the slanting Crosses at the knees are missing.

1 ex. diameter: 15 - 16 mm, weight; 0.96 gr.

The name of the count is apparently missing from variant c, but these 3 variants belong according to the fineness of the drawing, according to the type of letters, weight and diameter together, remains of inscriptions on a and c seem to be from the mint Bersen (Bassum) to interpret. See Figure 9a.

10. Same type: Hfl a diagonal cross over the shield.

OTTo;co$ß ühovsn

Rf. Depiction of the bishop, decoration of the robe the same as those on the Bremen Wilhadus-Seh; next to the Kneeling arc lines decorated with diagonal crosses.

. . ßcnra • = sw

3 ex. Diameter: 15 mm, weight: 2.64 gr. About the holy name “Sancte Swenoier u s. u. at Wildeshausen.

B. Denarii of Count Otto IV with the name of

Bassum Mint. The spot Bassum (formerly Bircsinum, Bersen or Barssen) with the old Benedictine women's abbey of the same name a few miles south of Bremen and arrived in 1384 through the Acquisition of the County of Neubruchhausen into the possession of the Counts of Hoya. The following denarii can therefore only be used been minted since 1384.

11. Same type. HJ. Standing cross above the shield. Bf. Enöpfchen on the miter, under the rosette forms this breast garment a puffy fold with 2 upwards pointed tips, the whole type of Rf. to that of Wildes- hausen No. 44, Oldenburg No. 54, Diepholz No. 28-29 (Twistringen?) exactly the same (cf. also Vechta No. 37).

p. 19 · zoom original

14 H. Buchenau:

X X

x x

a) Hf a) OTTOiaO . . = xlßJfcOVÄ

ß) otto ; ao VÄ

Rf a) Sat -5 BQRSat

ß) sßonaTÄ x = x BaRsana

A total of 4 pieces. Diameter: 15 mm, weight together: 3.52 g. See illustration of a copy of Haß.

b) Hf. Diagonal cross above the shield. Hf. a) = Iß;hO . . .

ß) - I»x

r) = +mjhO . . .

Rf a) MOttOTÄ = . . . ; aHx

ß) m - BaRsauax ,

r) JBOIiaT . = , «

A total of 3 pieces. Diameter: 15 mm; Total weight: 2.91 g.

c) Hf No cross above the shield.

a) . . . . COfltta . =

ß) - IßxhOm

Rf. a) Two vertical crosses under the chest rosette of the bishop's image

= BaRsana

ß) Two diagonal crosses in the same place

BaRsa. .

In total 2 ex. Diameter: 15mm; Total weight: 1.79 g.

C. Bassum mint, without the count's name.

12. Same type. Hf No other symbol above that Shields.

Rf. Garment decoration as on the Bremen Wilhadus swarms; Lines with diagonal crosses to the sides of the Knees of the seated bishop image.

Hf. HOtt. . . = B8RGMS*

Rf. SKaaTa = . . aßoia

3 ex. Diameter: 15 mm, weight: 2.95 g. See illustration.

13. The same type as 12, but on the bishop's chest only a four-petaled rosette with robe folds underneath.

The Bremen find. 15

Hf. . . . GTÄ = B6R ....

rj. SÄKcrra « svano . *

2 ex. Diameter: 15 mm, weight: 1.55 gr.

14. The same type as 12, but on the bishop's chest a small cross, underneath which is a large one, just like on the light Oldenburger Swaren No. 51.

Hf. a) HOIiaTÄ = .... MS *

b) flx =

Rf a and b SÄttCITa - SVaUOB 5 ex. Diameter: 15 mm, weight together: 4.64 gr. See Illustration of an ex. of a.

15. The same type as 14, but is on the RF in one Specimens have buttons on the miter; the lines with the diagonal cross marriages are missing.

Bf = xPBVIi . . .

RF Hoaa . . = BaRsana *

3 ex. Diameter: 15 mm, weight together: 2.38 gr. See Illustration.

16. The same type; on the priest's chest a four- leafy rosette, underneath a puffy fold with 2 points up, just like at Wildeshausen No. 44, Oldenburg No. 54, Diepholz No. 24, 28-30 (Twistringen?); on There are no stamps marked with diagonal crosses Lines next to the bishop figure, the same lines are present on b.

p. 20 · zoom original

Hf. a) S2HCTVS - « PHVIiVS : S b) S = “PSVIiVS;

Rf. a) Moaa . . = BORsea:

b) . . IiaTffx =

a) 4 ex. diameters: 15 and 14-15 mm; Total weight: 3.17 gr.; b) 1 ex. diameter: 15 mm; Weight 0.73 gr. see picture of a.

17. The same type as 16, but in place of the rosette on the Bishop's vestments with a cross.

Hf. . . . . TVS -

Rf. B* «

1 ex. diameter: 15mm; Weight: 0.74 gr.

16 H. Buchenau:

18. The name of the mint on both sides.

a) the same type as 16.

Hf. HOttöTÄ

rj. flioiiaT . - BaRsane

b) Small cross on the bishop's vestment in place of the Rosette.

Hf HOttaTÄ

Rf HO .... = BaRsaaa.

a) 2 ex. diameter: 15 mm; Total weight 1.73 grams; b) 1 ex. Diameter: 15 mm; Weight: 0.83 gr. See picture of a hip. and two RF from a.

The Hf of a and b is apparently the stamp of 13 and 14.

Indeterminate Hoyish denarius or half.

19. II f Bearded portrait of the count, on the right a sword, on the left holding a branch CO(?hO?) . . .

RF shield with the bear paws surrounded by 3 roses and enclosed with a quatrefoil in the corners of the same

Ringel R & (?)... .

1 ex. diameter: 14 mm; Weight: 0.555 gr. See picture. Judging by weight and diameter, it appears to be a halfling; the whole denarii of Count Erich zu Nienburg with some entsprechendem Typus der Hf (Grote, Münzstd. I, Nr. 6 und 7) are in DM. larger and weigh 0.87 to 0.72 gr. Despite this Similarity of the types must be decided whether this previously unknown coin not from the Lower County of Hoya went out because the three roses on the RJ, maybe like on the Witten of Count Otto zur Hoya (1383-1428), Coin st. IV, p. 248, the coat of arms of the 1384 by Count Otto advertised county of Neubruchhausen should mean which was not led by the Counts of Hoya zu Nienburg.

Nobility of Diepholz. Johann H. (1377-1421).

p. 21 · zoom original

20th Hf. Head of St. Paul, next to him the right hand with the swords; at the bottom of the halo is a

The Bremen found. 17

an arch that extends outward is attached, as on the denarii from Vechta No. 31 and 36.

Rf. Episcopal figure with miter, seated, right blessing, holding up a closed book on the left Chest has a label with the Diepholz deer sticks.

Hf. a) Ä.D***a Da

b) MOHa hoIi .

Rf. a) . . (h) . DOMISS =

b) = xDGQPIiOIi . .

2 ex. diameter: 15 mm; Total weight: 2.02 gr. See Illustration of a.

21. The same type without the arch on the saint seem.

Hj. iohrcnnas - *do . . . . s.s

Rf. 5 - DaPhO . . .

2 ex. diameter: 15 mm; Weight: 1.73 g. See picture.

22. Same type as 21.

Hf. - DOHIKVSx

It x = xD8

2 ex. diameter: 15 mm; Weight: 1.76 gr. See picture.

Nos. 20, 21, 22 are obviously similar to the denarii of

Vechta No. 31, 32, 33; the same curved and unsightly one

Drawing of the saint's head as on No. 22 can be found on

the denarii of Vechta No. 31, 33, 33; Wildeshausen No. 38.

23. Same type as Nos. 21 and 22.

Hf. SÄROTVSS x = x SS

Rf. . onaTÄ = oapiiOiiT

2 ex. diameter: 15 mm; Total weight 1.88 gr. See

Illustration.

24. Rear head of St. Paul, right hand with sword, On the left there is a sign with the deer sticks.

smaaTvss - pävlv . .

Rf. Priest with miter, seated, blessing on the right, on the left holding up a closed book, on his chest a four- foliated rosette, underneath a robe fold with two

Magazine fftr ftomUmfttik. XIX. 2

18 H. Book on:

sharp points at the top, like on Wildeshausen No. 44, Olden- castle No. 54, Hoya (Bassum) No. 11 and 16, Twistringen (?) No. 28 to 30.

jbo. . . . = joapiiOiiT;.

3 ex. diameter: 15 mm; Total weight 2.82 grams.

25. The same type as 24, but on the Rf on the robe two vertical crosses under the rosette.

p. 22 · zoom original

Hf. SSßOT . . - PSVLVSx Rf. IOIi = DOSRISSVS . x

1 ex. diameter: 15 mm; Weight: 0.89 g. See picture.

26. The same type as 25, but only a cross under the rosette chen. The miter is decorated with buttons on the sides.

Hf IOIiSUßÖSS = i DOffllßVS i

Rf. moßöTirc s . . - DapitOiiTa *

2 ex. diameter: 15 mm; Total weight: 1.65 gr. See Illustration.

27. The same type as 25, but on the Rf under the rosette a fold in the characteristic shape as on No. 24.

Hf. . . ffi&RaSS« «= *DOffi

Rf jßoaaTÄ x - x oapitOiiT x

2 ex. diameter: 15 mm; Weight: 1.67 g. See picture.

Denarii from the “Wester” mint.

28. The same type as 24, but with a leaf of clover on the hip between head and sword; on the RF the miter is on with buttons on the sides.

Hf. SBUaTVSS (leaf clover?; = « PHVIiVS S

Rf. jMoaaTa x - wasTaR n

6 ex. diameter: 15 mm; Weight: 4.98 g. See picture the Hf. and two copies of the Rf

29. The same type, but with a cross in place of the clover leaves.

Hf. 1) S - . SVLVS x

2) . . »aTVVSx =

3) -

The Bremen find. 19

4) sancnr . . . . = s.

5) =* kPSVLVSk

Rf. 1). OHäTS x = x (?)

2) JßOß. ...» GR.

3) jßonaTa; =

4) = wx

5) = ;(?)WEST GR

Diameter: 15mm; Weight of these 5 copies together: 4.70 gr. Seven Figure of 5.

30. The same type, but without the coat of arms next to it the saint's head, apparently a small cross as an emblem between head and sword

HJ. a) -

b) Sx=

ä/ a) - . wasrax.

b) . . . BTB -

On a there is an indistinct letter still behind the “West*, maybe I”?

2 ex. diameter: 15mm; Weight: 0.67 and 0.73 gr. See Illustration.

The last 3 numbers are indicated by the label the deer sticks on numbers 28 and 29 are certainly Diepholz marked

The meaning of the inscription “Honeta Wester” or something

seems to be at number 30, "Moneta Westen'" is enigmatic,

p. 23 · zoom original

and the Diepholzer published by W. von Hodenberg

Document book does not provide a sufficient explanation. Maybe

is with "Wester" the town of Twistringen on the northern border

of the former noble lordship of Diepholz meant that the noble

Lords of Diepholz had legal rights here, follows from Dieph.

U.-B. No. 23 (1326). The spelling of this place changes

in the documents. In the Hoyer Urk.-B. the place is found as

“Twysteringhe c. 1370; Twistringen c. 1371; Twisteringhe c. 1375;

Twiese rings c. 1380; Zwestring c. 1526.

I also find: Tuisterine (Osnabr. History Association

2»

20 H. Buchenau:

1878, p. 280), Thuistringhe 1352 (Bremer U.-B. III No. 29), Zwestring 1526 (Dieph. U.-B. 23), and finally to the Homann According to maps from the 17th century, the place is called leaving the initial consonant: Wessringen.

The latter two forms are High German and would However, the "Wester" on our denarii is most similar. speak, but it is unlikely that such a thing will happen Transfer of the Lower Saxony “Twistringen” to High- Germans should have occurred as early as 1400.

The Diepholz noblemen also temporarily had... Oldenburg possessions; cf. Dieph. U.-B. No. 22: The Counts of Oldenburg pledged to the noble Lord Rudolf von Diepholz owns their estates in Mittelhamelwarden, three houses in Dinkstede, two in Grambergen, two in Astensteda and two in Westersteda; December 16, 1324.

It is unclear to me when these goods were redeemed again. knows; However, it would at least be possible for the noble lords von Diepholz in Westerstede would have had a corner coin, in which these bad denarii were created. More truth The assignment to Twistringen seems likely to me offer; another place whose initial syllables end in “moneta Wester tt did not exist in the Diepholz noble lordship.

p. 24 · zoom original

Lordship of Vechta in the Lower Monastery of Münster.

31. Hf. Head of St. Paul, next to him is the hand with the sword. The lower end of the arch, which forms the halo indicates is a small one towards the outer edge of the coin guided bow attached as on No. 20 (Diepholz).

Rf. Episcopal figure, seated, with his right hand raised to bless holding the crosier in his left hand, raised its curvature directed inwards and covered with little eggs. On the The clergyman's chest has a shield with three diagonal crosses. Hf.SKÜ . . . . ««» (these three diagonal cross marriages below

the head) = * PäVJjVS i . RJ. . OttäTÄ : ♦ = n Vaa&TÄ . . It is not possible to

The Bremen find. 21

know whether the separation crosses are also in the second Half of the inscription was duplicated. Diameter: 15 mm; Weight of 7 copies: 6.6 gr. See picture one Hf and two Rf

32. The same type, but on the back are the front ones and the posterior tip of the miter clearly distinguished and equipped with buttons; above the label on the chest the bishop's three points (/.).

Hf. = P2f

Rf. M = veafcTQiis

Diameter: 15 mm; 1 ex.; Weight: 1.0 gr. See picture.

33. The same type, but without the points mentioned on the Bishop's chest. The curvature of the bar ends in a Ereuzchen.

Hf S7TOCTVS. = «PTSVIiVS:.

Rf = msvaa ....

# Diameter: 15 mm; 3 copies; Total weight: 3.0 gr. See Illustration.

The inscriptions of these first three numbers are delicately draws, the apostle's head has a striking one on all of them maintain a high forehead. The stamps for these pieces are apparently made by the same worker as those of the noble Mr. Johann IL von Diepholz (1377-1421) No. 20-23. on- The following types appear younger.

34. The same type as No. 33, but insists on the Hf der Halo only in a semicircular arc without the lower one Attachment, the miter is double-pointed as on No. 32.

p. 25 · zoom original

Hf 8 - . ffVLVS n» .

RF MO

Diameter: 15 mm; 1 ex.; Weight: 0.85 gr. See picture.

35. The same type; Main page apparently like No. 34, but in completely different drawing of the head (very low forehead, crooked); Rf. exactly like No. 31.

Hf VS. = .

Rf. MONGTÄ

22 H. Buchenau:

Diameter: 15 mm; Weight of 3 copies: 2.79 g. See illustration education.

Characters of the legend as in numbers 31 to 33, probably This type forms the transition from 31 to 33 to 34 and is older than 34. On all three poorly preserved The lower half of the main page is blurred in all copies.

36. The same type, on the hip again the arched attachment set on the halo, under the head of the apostle a plaque with the three diagonal cross marriages; the robe stuck, which appears to the left of it, is also with three Decorated with diagonal crosses.

Rf In addition to the bishop's enieen, those with the oblique crossed curved lines to indicate the sub- selliums. The curvature of the coarse pearls Rod is directed outwards. Variant b has a Dots on each side of the miter.

Hf a) SÄRCTe,* - PÄVIiö.S b) SlßCÄÖ . - S

Rf. a) MonaTK = Da veonrirc b) . oneTÄ - . . . . on .

Diameter: 15mm; 8 copies in total, four of each variant; Total weight: 7.53 g.

The letters are large and roughly drawn; see illustration formation of a and b.

37. Same type. Hf. The Eopf with the simple saint- false arch, three slanted crosses next to the head each other.

Rf The bishop's staff is smooth, with the curvature inwards, the miter at the side corners and at the top with a button, the crosses next to the knees missing.

hj. ssmcTvss . . . = . psviivs .

Rf. ffiOß . . . = svaaRTHs

Diameter: 15 mm.; 10 copies; Total weight: 8.58 gr. See Illustration.

K II

The Bremen found. 23

p. 26 · zoom original

The same letter characters (H, ffl), as well as the The doubling of the S in “Sanctuss* can apparently be found entirely denarii minted at the same time: Diepholz No. 23, 24 (also 26, 27), 28 (Twistringen?), Wildeshausen No. 44.

The one at Grote, Münzst. I, plate 18 no. 17 and the Bishop of Münster, Johann von Yirneburg (1363-64), admitted Wiesen denarius is an example of this type (now in Berlin Gabinet).

The town of Vechta or Vechte on the town of the same name The small river that flows into the Haase now belongs to the large Duchy of Oldenburg.

The Vechte coin is mentioned in a document in 1224 in which year King Henry married Countess Sophie of Oldenburg enfeoffed with it (Eindlinger, Münst. Beitr. 3rd vol. p. 158).

There under Count Otto von Bavensberg-Ealvelage (1226-45) minted denarii with sterling type, from which important find from Brümmerloh, see Erbstein, Schellhass collection, p. 53. The heir daughter of this count Otto sold Vechte to the Bishop of Münster in 1252.

The Vechter denarii described above are therefore shaped under Münster rule and close in Type of the Münster denarii of Bishop Florence (1364-79), especially No. 36, correspond to the same However, only the first three are apparently the oldest in terms of weight Numbers, all the others from 34 to 37 are solid On average, about % lighter and therefore probably younger.

A denarius of this type is already in the Schell catalog - Hass' collection (No. 2438), and because of it of the three supposed mill irons in the coat of arms Unjustly relegated to the Dutch Vianen.

The shield with the three diagonal crosses is after Grote's verbal communication the coat of arms of the castle men of Vechta. They formed a family of heirs whose patron saint was Pau. lus, who was the patron of Münster. These included, among others: except the Lords of Schagen, who temporarily held bailiwick and mint

p. 27 · zoom original

24 H. Buchenau:

in Wildeshausen, including those in Dinklage Coat of arms still today in the base of the shield among the Dinklagische Rosen shows the three slanted crosses of the Vechtsche Ganerben.

This sign, which is similar to a house brand, is used to seal e.g. B. also 1347 the Münstersche Drost zur Yechte, Johann von Sudholz (Nieberding, Gesch. d. Niederstifts Münster I, page XXX).

The first documented mention of the “Burgmannen (castellani) to the Vechte a happens according to Nieberding (a. a. 0. III, p. 7) in Years 1269. Later the Burgmannenschild with the three slanted cross from Vechta into the episcopal coat of arms of Münster been included.

Bailiwick of Wildeshausen. Friedrich von Schagen, archiepiscopal bailiff of Bremen

(— 1360—1386—). 38. Hf head of St. Paul in the halo, next to him on the right the hand with the sword, an empty shield on the left.

HRaoeR. . . . = HHias : DO's .

Rf. Episcopal image, sitting between those with crosses decorated arched lines, blessing on the right, closed on the left Holding a book, decoration on the chest robe as on the Bremer Willehadus - festering, the neck collar is with Decorated with dots, like the picture of the bishop on the Denarii of Bishop Heidenreich of Münster (1381-92 No. 66); both tips of the miter are visible and with Knöpfchen verziert. SÄßdTa " = SVeüftOIGOR + . 4 ex. diameter: 15 mm; Total weight: 3.75 gr. See Illustrations of two Hf and one Rf

Delicate letters and the same drawing of the head as on the first three numbers of the Vechte denarii.

The inscription of the Hf of No. 38 is explained as “Fre- dericus miles dominus "; Vogt Friedrich appears in documents as “Her Frederik van Scaghen riddere, amptman to Wildeshusen u (Brem. U.-B. III, 529). The Schagen headquarters is at Pente in the municipality of Bramsche, north of Osnabrück, where-

p. 28 · zoom original

The Bremen find. 25

Remnants of the Borg are said to still be present today (cf. Announcement of the Association for Business des Hasegau 1887, 1 issue.) Also The von Schagen family were among the castle men of Vechta.

In a document from the aforementioned bailiff Friedrich from 1360, January 18th, are mentioned: 82 marks “guder Zwaren penninge alze to Wildeshusen ghinge un gheue sint, twelve Schillings before a mark to rekene a . (Sudendorf, Br.-L. U.-B. VII, 271.)

For the enigmatic saint's name “Suenoier* (or "Sw" as on No. 10, or "Suenoe" as on No. 14) use I also liked it with half of a well-known oak historian no explanation to be found. The same thing happened to me Name “Reigneus” on No. 42. “Reygnerus” as first name (probably the Old German Reginar) can be found in 1352, Bremer U.-B. III, No. 29.

39. Same type, but with a cross on the back the sword and the head, the shield is slanted gridded. HOttaTÄ. = VIIiD. . . (VS) *

Rf exactly the same type as No. 38. S7maT'=SVeiiOI6R. 2 ex. diameter: 15 mm; Total weight: 1.93 gr. See

Illustration.

40. Same type. Hf like 39, with a cross between head and sword; the label is with an arabesque decorated. HOIi8T2t « = VILDaShVS * .

Rf exactly like 37. SÄIiaTÖ = SVÖttOIBR ♦ 10 ex. diameter: 15 mm; Total weight: 9.14 gr. See Illustration of two Hf and one Rf

41. Same type. Hf Empty label; the space between Head and sword is empty Ti =

Rf The same type, but with a different drawing, e.g. B. is missing the dot decoration on the neck collar. STCßdT . =

. venoi. . .

1 copy, poorly preserved and looks like worse content than the previous three numbers. Diameter: 15mm; Weight: 0.86 gr.

26 H. Buchenau:

42. Same type. There's a blank sign on the back Image of the back exactly as in Nos. 38-40.

p. 29 · zoom original

a) Hf. HÖH, ... = ... DÖSVS * . Rf SÄ .... = .. . 6R8VS+

b) H/. horotäu = viiiDesvsa * Rf simonta = rbigrövs +

c) Hf = . WILDQSh .

Rf = ReiGnevs.

a (and also b?) have a fine oblique on the Hf cross between the sword and the head, the letters are written forms as on Nos. 38 - 40, c without the cross and with short ones rounded letters.

A total of 10 pieces. Diameter: 15 mm; Total weight: 8.86 g. See figure of 42c.

43. Same type. Hf The label with indefinite drawn diagonally from left to right and partly in diagonally cut pattern in the opposite direction. HRQD6R. = . . . DI(?)S*

Rf. Episcopal figure as on the Bremen Willehadus They were beautiful, but the rosette on the chest is so through- Broken drawn that they have a recessed in the middle makes a cross appear. HORÖTK = WHiDöSh * . 9 ex. diameter: 15 mm; Total weight: 8.29 gr. cf. Sallets Ztschr. Vol. XV, p. 278, No. 11. See illustration.

The drawing of the figures is noticeably clumsy, the book bars very large as on the denarii of Vechta No. 36.

44. Same type. Hf Small empty sign next to it Head. Rf The same episcopal figure, but without that Lines with the crosses next to the knees. The miter has beads on the corners and on the chest a four-petaled rosette, underneath a puffy fold with zwei Spitzen nach oben, alles grösstenteils genau so wie on the light and apparently younger denarii: Vechta No. 37, Oldenburg No. 54, Diepholz No. 28-30 (Twistringen?),

The Bremen find. 27

Bassum No. 1 1 and 1 6. Also the letter characters and the drawing of the head corresponds to all of these Pieces that also only have a low average weight have. Since the Bassum denarii were only minted from 1384 onwards can be, then all the things just mentioned will also be by no means be older.

p. 30 · zoom original

Hf a) . . . . TVS. . . = PflVLV . .

b, c, d, e) SflßCITVSS l = « PHVLVS S

Rf a) . . . ÖTH S = S

b) sßOßaTH : = : wiLDasii .

c) $B = S WILDQS «

d) i-ioneTfl : =

e). . neTH«. =

From a: 1 copy, diameter: 15 mm, weight: 0.94 g; from b, c, d, e: 15 pieces in total, diameter: 15 and 14-15 mm, weight: together 12.65 gr. See picture of 44c (two Hf and one Rf.).

45. The same type as No. 44, but without the name of the hl. Paul.

Hf HO» .... = .... fcVSQ* Rf = WILD....

1 ex. diameter: 15 mm; Weight: 0.72. See illustration.

46. The same type as No. 44, but on the bishop's chest under the large rosette there are two standing crosses each other.

Ilf JBOIiGTÄ I HR = WHiDQSIi ♦

Rf (H) = iavssjßmas

2 ex. diameter: 14-15 mm; Total weight: 1.58 g. See picture of two Hf and one Rf

47. The same type as No. 46, but without buttons on the Sides of the miter and without the bailiff's name.

Hf SflßdTVS » . . = . PSVIiVS: Rf JBOnQTÄ : = WILDOSb: n

11 Ex. Diameter: 14-15 and 15 mm; Total weight: 9.47 g. See picture of one///", and two Rf

28 H. Buchenau:

County of Oldenburg.

A. Denarius with infected head, blessing bishop picture and coat of arms on both sides, without the

name of the mint,

(like Grote, Münzstndien III, plate 1, fig. 7).

48. Hf. Head of St. Lambert with the miter, the one "in campo". decorated with two standing Ereuz, next to the head the right hand with the sword, underneath the olden- Burgenian shield.

Rf. Episcopal figure with the miter, between the with Sitting with lines decorated with crosses, blessing on the right, blessing on the left holding the same shield, the breastpiece has two decorated with vertical crosses, the upper one mostly bigger.

Different variants:

a) The shield has three raised ones on both sides Horizontal stripes.

Hf. SßOßeTÄ = OIi0e«BOR6 + Rf. SÄßCTVS = ÜWDBeRTVS +

p. 31 · zoom original

b) The same type with the same transcriptions, except that here as on all following variants the label only has two crossbars on both sides.

c) Same type as b.

Hf. . . . . 6TÄ = BORG .

RF STiUC . . . = RTÄS +

d) Same type as b; in front of the upper end of the heater The HF's license sheet is marked with a cross.

Hf. ffiO . . T2t. = OL36RBOR6 + Rf. SraiOTVS = HMßB€RTVS + .

e) Same type as d; a point in the place of mentioned cross.

' Hf. a) $BOtt€TÄ + = OL

ß) = OLoenBORe +

The Bremen Fund. 29

i) : = BOR..

«) = n Owen

. . neTÄ =

n) flaonoTK = ol . . . borg +

r/. a) sraacTvs = . I7MHB6rtvs +

ß ) =

r) * =

d) = TVS +

s) SKÜC ... =

k = «ircjß

fl) SÄßCT . . = . . JBB6RTVS+

A copy of r\ is struck twice, once with the Stamp “monota”, with “moneta” for the second time.

Diameter of all of these variants: 15 and 15 — 16 mm. Weight of 74 copies: 73.99 gr. See picture of 48a, d, e a. Compare Grote, Coin Studies Vol. III, Plate I, 7.

The character of the letters on these pieces (namely- The open D) can also be found exactly on the three well-marked and well-important gymnastics of Count Eonrad von Oldenburg (1342 to 1401), which Grote, Münzstud. III, p. 100 describes; Apparently these sores are from the Bremen find and the gymnastics mentioned at the same time.

By the way, this Count Eonrad did not rule from 1368 to 1386, as Grote indicates, but from 1342 to 1401: the genealogy the Count of Oldenburg is in the IX. Bands of the Bremen Year book by Dr. v. Bippen has been clarified, and the dating In Grote's case, these are to be interpreted in a completely different sense. improve.

49. The same type as No. 48, but the two side- corners of the miter provided with beads on both sides There is also a fine asterisk above on the Rf the coat of arms, a) The halo on the Hitler Youth. ends in one at the top Point, below in a diagonal cross.

p. 32 · zoom original

30 H. Buchenau:

K M

Hf. JKOnQTK : - = . . . . IMBO' RF SJmdTVSS! = . . fl*B8RTVs * b) The halo may end in a spark. Hf. . . libTÄ = . . DQRBO. . .

. . .aTvss:= . «iBaRTVs.

A total of 6 pieces. Diameter: 15 - 16 mm; Total weight: 5.97 gr.

Delicate, round letters, similar to those on the denarii from Vechta No. 31, and with the same separators see. See picture of two Hf. and one Rf of 49a.

50. The same type with the asterisk as No. 49 a, but is the image of the saint on the RF is drawn significantly differently; on the chest of the same one, a small one at the top and a larger one at the bottom Ereuzchen, the beads on the miter only on the Front.

Hf. JfiOßaTTCS« = Oli

Rf SÄßonrvs = uraßaRTYS +

7 pieces. Diameter: 15mm; Total weight: 6.70 gr. See Illustration.

51. The same type as No. 50, but the beads are missing the miter on both sides.

a) The halo ends in a point at the bottom.

Hf. MottöTÄ = OliDaßBORÖ + Rf SÄßdTVS = IiKHB6RTYS + .

b) The halo ends in a cross at the top and at the bottom into a func.

= OLDaiiBORa .

= LÄHBa

In total: 5 pieces. Diameter: 15 mm; Total weight: 4.54 g. See Figure 51b.

B. Denarii with the name of Count Eonrad

(1342-1401).

52. Hf The bust of St. is surrounded by a halo. Lambertus with a pointed miter that “in campo tt with two standing Ereuzchen is decorated. Next to the head the

The Bremen find. 31

right hand with the sword, under which the former appears the Oldenburg shield, the garment on the left next to it is decorated with three standing crosses.

Bishop's picture with the miter, sitting, right blessing, holding a book on the left, on the chest again the Oldenburg shield.

a) Bf inscription at the bottom of the right side of the head starting (also at b):

first copy: dOttRHIiVS . dOHQS

p. 33 · zoom original

second copy: + GO

The stamp behind dORRSßVS probably had two diagonal crosses, of which the planchet only has the lower part has grasped.

RJ. Inscription also at the bottom right side of the Figure starting (also at b):

HOB8T COHIS OL?

OIL.

b) Letter COH

RF HORB

The legend on the back of a therefore means an- seemingly: “Moneta Conradi comitis Oldenburg 8 .

3 copies of this previously unknown denarius. Diameter: 15 mm, they are worse preserved than all other Olden burger coins and lighter in weight than most of the the same (together 2.82 gr.). The drawing of the head is disintegrated. See illustration of a (better copy) and b.

The character of the letters in this piece seems (little at least as far as the closed Q is concerned) those of Grote No. 11 d, described insignificant and poorly embossed to correspond to tumors. Since the same properties also apply to the The denarii described above may apply the Oldenburg complaint mentioned by Grote (1380), that their Counts Konrad and Christian struck other coins than their parents, which would cause great harm to them have focused particularly on these pieces.

32 H. Buchenau:

C. Denarius without the count's name, with unknown covered saint's head and bishop's image; in place of Heraldic shield stars or rings.

The following four Oldenburg denarius types (53-56) with the exception of the incompletely preserved Denarius 55 only identified as Oldenburg by the inscription “Sanctus Lambertus”. is correct and, in contrast to Nos. 48 - 53, are closely aligned the type of the Münster Ludwig denarii.

53. Hf head of St. Paul with the halo, right next to it the hand with the sword, on the left a six- radiant star.

Rj. Episcopal figure, blessing on the right, a symbol on the left holding a closed book, a six-pointed star on his chest star.

p. 34 · zoom original

Hf SÄRCTVS « = PÄVL VS * Rf SJmCTVS = ÄSßBeRTVS + 5 ex. diameter: 15mm; Total weight: 4.44 gr. See Illustration, see Coin Studies III, Plate 1, Fig. 8.

54. The same type, but on the Rf. the miter is on the Seiten mit Knöpfchen versehen, unter dem Sterne eine puffy robe fold, split into two sharp points at the top ongoing, both as on the apparently very simultaneous and relatively late minted denarii Vechta No. 37, Diepholz (Twistringen?) No. 28 and 29, Bassum No. 11, Wildeshausen No. 44. The correspondence with the mentioned Bassumer Denarius suggests that 54 can only have been minted since 1384.

Hf s) (S) = . . . . VS+

b) SS. . .VS.= PHVIiVS «. Rf a and b) Sflßd . . . = : IiSflttB6R (ligated) T . . . a: 1 ex. diameter: 15 mm; Weight: 0.92 gr. b: 2 copies, strikingly different in size and volume, 1. Weight: 0.94 gr.; Diameter: 15 mm; 2. Weight: 0.73 gr.; Diameter: 14 - 15 mm. See Figure 2.

The Bremen find. 33

55. Same type, but appears on the R/. the bishop

between the lines indicating the subsellium with the

diagonal cross marriages; Two dots “in campo” of the miter.

Hf. HOßaTÄ = +

RF = liftHB

1 ex. diameter: 15 mm; Weight: 0.80 gr. See picture.

The coins described above with the star on them Both sides cannot be placed in front of or behind the coins the head of Lambertus, rather they seem to be one to form your own synchronous series. At least shows the episcopal figure on the reverse at No. 53 has the same view as on No. 48, and the same ones can be found on both coins letter characters ; In the same sense, No. 54 shows such large ones Similarity with No. 50, 51 that you use the same die cutter would like to accept as a manufacturer. There the Oldenburg house Since the beginning of the 14th century, it has been divided into two separate ones had divided lines that belonged to Oldenburg and the Delmenhorster, so one could assume that one of the two present Rows of coins, probably the ones with the star, for the Delmen Horster county is characterized.

p. 35 · zoom original

Counts of Delmenhorst are in the second half of the 14th century: Christian (—1367) and Otto (—1418). For The former is probably the one at Grote, Münzst. HI, plates 1, 5 Turnose shown in the picture is embossed with "Kerstianis comis" because the same named younger brother (—1399) of Count Conrad II of Olden- Castle can hardly be considered as a mint owner for this.

On the other hand, the 0-shaped rings next to Paul's head on the following number to the name of the person you just thought Count Otto von Delmenhorst can be interpreted, is extremely questionable, since these rings also occur at the same time and completely similar Diepholzer Dickpfennigs appear, cf. coin stud. IV, plate 9, 4. 5ß. Hf. Head of St. Paul between two rings, next to them

right hand with the sword, on c there is only one

Ring to the left of the head.

Journal for Numismatics. XIX. 3

34 H. Buchenau:

Rf. Episcopal figure between the lines with the Diagonal cross marriages (the same ones are missing on c), blessing on the right, on the left holding a closed book, which is a breast garment decorated with the well-known four-leaf rosette, on b another cross underneath it.

HJ. a) SAT .... = . KVIiVS + .

b) S. CTVS. =

c) SÄ = PSVIiVS + .

Rf a) SÄßCTVS ** = m . . . RTVS+

b) . H = . 3Hß

c) . . . CTS = HHBBa

In total: 6 ex. Diameter: 14-15 and 15mm; weight increased total: 5.74 gr. See picture of 56b. 57. The one from the areas between Weser and Hunte denarii originating from the denarii is still a provisionally determinable piece.

Hf head of St. Paul, with his right hand next to him the sword, on the other side apparently label.

SS - «PSVIiVS:

Rf. clergyman with the miter, sitting, blessing on the right, on the left holding a closed book on his chest little cross.

.... (T)S- = ;h(?R?ß?)Äli(?)

p. 36 · zoom original

Diameter: 11mm; Weight: 1.02 gr. See picture. The one that can almost certainly be seen next to the head Sign, which in this position on the safe old- Burgenian coins do not appear, nor does his factory at all allow the present denarius to be closely related with those of the Bassum, Wildeshausen, Diepholz and “ Wester tt (Twistringen?).

That's a completely irrelevant thought to me come, whether perhaps in the not insignificant count Hoyischen spots Harpstedt temporarily have an angle coin as should have been found in the neighboring Bassum.

The Bremen find. 35

The remains of the inscription next to the bishop's image would certainly be

on: nioneTÄ=HSR fit: the ff is clear and

depending on the first and third letters it seems to me only h, R or ß to fit. The strikingly good weight allows this Denarius appear as one of the older ones in the group mentioned.

Jever.

Edo Wieneken the Elder, chief of Wangerland and

Rüstringen (1353-1410).

58. Wittenpfennig.

Hj. Upright, uncrowned lion.

MOttET (Ä) . : HREDOMS : W + . Rf. Cross, pierced by a quatrefoil, in the Legs of the cross H = R = D = 0, outer inscription:

oäpitäri ; in : would be +

1 ex. diameter: 19 mm; Weight: 1.1 gr. See picture.

Another example of this coin was released in the Revue de la num. beige Ser. II, Th. III, S. 244.

The form of the name “Fredo” is strange the mint owner is always just called “Ede” in the documents, and while his son is also referred to as "Sybet Edense". (1421, Friedl. Fries. U.-B. 299). There is no need for artifice to explain the inscription “Fredo*, because this coin is shows that “Ede tt is just a pet name for the same thing "Frederich" is abbreviated "Fredo".

Denarius of Emden?

59.ff/. Head of a saint, next to it the hand with the sword. S(?).flI(T?)0

p. 37 · zoom original

Rf. Episcopal figure with the miter between oblique Crossing, blessing on the right, a closed book on the left holding a rosette of four crosses on his chest formed ringlets, pushed into each other underneath an indefinite number of diagonal cross marriages. inscription and clearly.

3»

36 H. Buchenau:

1 ex. diameter: 15 mm; Weight: 0.87 gr. See picture.

Chunky drawing, whose character is most striking Emdener pictured at Tergast (Coins of East Frisia p. 33). Denarii with the inscriptions “Sanctus Paulus”, “moneta eme- densis a equals.

For the remains of the inscriptions on the present piece I can't give a satisfactory explanation. Same should be in the third quarter considering the poor weight of the 14th century.

Diocese of Osnabrück.

60. Johann Houth (1349-66), Osnabrück denarius, 1 copy, bad received; Weight: 0.95 gr.

Dietrich von Hörne (1376-1402).

61. Denarius like Grote, Osnabr. Coin history 63.

Remains of inscriptions of H/r. TWD6R

9 ex. diameter: 14 mm; Total weight: 9.2 g.

Diocese of Münster.

Florence of Wewelinghofen (1364 - 79).

62. Denarius with Paul's head and the bishop's image. Grote, Coin st. I. No. 56; Cappe plate IV, 56.

13 Ex. Dm.: between 14! / 2 – 16! / a mm; Total weight: 13.32 gr. The weight of these “Wewelinghöfer* exceeds that that of those found in the find, simultaneous with them and so The oldest varieties of Bremen Swaren are only a negligible lish.

63. Denarius with the head of Paul and the crook in front of it Münster shields (Grote No. 58, Cappe Plate IV, 55).

lEx. DM:. 16J^mm; Weight: 0.94 grams.

64. ^Denar. Bf. Head of St. Paul with the sword, below Traces of a label. Rf. The coat of arms of Munster.

No inscription. 1 ex. diameter: 11 mm; Weight: 0.2 gr. Grote under "Florence of Wewelinghofen" No. 59 (Cap Plate IV, 59).

p. 38 · zoom original

The Bremen find. 37

Heidenreich Wolf von Lüdinghausen (1381-92).

65. Denarius with the head of Paul and the Wulf coat of arms - shields in front of the bishop's staff (Grote 63, Gappe plate IV, 65).

Hf V = h + .

rj. haroeoaR

2 ex. diameter: 14mm; Weight of the same together: 1.72 gr.

66. Denarius with the bust of the bishop and that of the apostle, underneath the diagonally leaning coats of arms.

Hf. • haiDQRICI = GGPISCOPI • Rf. • MOßQT = HÖH

2 ex. diameter: 14 - 15 mm; Weight of the same together: 1.79 gr.

County of Ravensberg.

William II, Count of Berg and Ravensberg (1360-80), Duke von Berg (1380-1408); He gave Ravensberg to his son in 1397

Adolf off.

Bielefeld denarii, apparently all with just that referred to by count's title; Diameter for all: 14-15mm; in total: 52 pieces; Total weight: 46.86 gr., roughly equivalent to Bremer Swaren.

67. Hf. Crowned bust with full beard and long curls, Holding lily scepter and imperial orb, two roses in the field.

WHihOLM SÄÄ

RF. The Ravensberg shield with the rafters between three roses; the whole thing surrounded by one of four arches and four points (noses) formed border.

BBueve

12 copies. See illustration.

68. Same type. The roses are missing in the courtyard of b Fields, on the RF you can find the four noses instead same number of roses.

Hf. a) WILhaiiM

b) WILhaLMV

38 H. Buchenau:

Petitioner a)

b) MO Ii + Ä

a: 1 ex., b: 2 ex. See illustration of b.

69. The same type in two variants. The two on the Ilf Roses in the field, at a there is also a ringlet with a dot in in the middle next to the head of the crowned one, at b no Ringel. Tick the cross on the applicant for both variants Location of the one located at No. 68 outside the enclosure Roses.

a) IiMVS dO . . S+. . .

+ MOß8 . . BIIIi6V. . . . S

b) IiMVS aOMV ....

+ MOR8T

a: 4 copies, b: 5 copies. See illustration of 69 a.

p. 39 · zoom original

70. Same type. On the RF the sign between four Small cross, four double edging arches around the shield around; in the angles formed by the arches there are noses like those on No. 67.

Hf a) a rose visible in the field on the right, W

b) in the field there are three rings with dots in the middle, W COMQS + M . .

c) four solid points in the field, MVS COMG . . .

Bf a)

b) . . ern +

c) Mona äs+

a: 1 copy; b: 3 copies; c: 2 ex. See illustration of c.

71. The same type as No. 70, but is on the Rf the shield between just three crosses.

a) On the left side of the crowned one is a clover leaf on the right two large dots.

Remains of inscriptions from the RF: , . . ST

4 copies.

b) The image of the crowned one between three rings that are in each with a dot in the middle.

Hf WTUheWWS aOM . . .

The Bremen found. 39

Rf. MOßöTft . . IiöVeiiDÄ & 6 pieces.

c) The image of the crowned one between four spherical ones points.

Hf MV +

Rf. MOH ÄSM(?) + .

1 copy. See illustration.

d) The image of the crowned one in an arched frame.

Hf. DÖ

Rf. M TP BIL + (?)•

1 copy. 72. The same stamp as No. 71, except that the crosses next to and above the shield are set obliquely; on the main On the side of variant a the picture of the crowned one between Rings with dots in the middle, in specimen b a Small cross on the right side of the crowned one Example c is just a rose under the left arm of the crowned visible, a) + WRi ÖOMVS + M .

MOSSQT . Biiiiiava. . .

. o»a

evaiiM. . .

a: 3 copies, b and c: 1 copy each. See illustration in Rf.

from b.

73 like 71 and 72. The crosses next to and above the shield stand vertically and consist of 5 dots on the Hf the crowned image between ringlets with dots.

IiMVS

+ MOHG aVGßMS (see transcription of 72 c).

2 copies. See illustration.

74. Hf. Crowned image with scepter and imperial orb without insert symbol in the field, on the breast a five-petalled rose; RJ The rafter shield in a quatrefoil made of twin

p. 40 · zoom original

40 H. Buchenau:

thread, above the shield a large vertical cross, on each of the two sides a five-petalled floret, on the four Each corner of the Yier pass has a ringlet.

COHQS. .

BUiQVGüüDQ • .

1 copy. See illustration.

75. The same type as No. 67, except that on the HJ. the two Roses in the field are missing.

HJ. Only the bottom halves of letters visible,

: + R (or ß, Ii?) I S(?)0(?)ßda ....

RJ +RIÖ (or a?) W(?)QSÄ . . Ä (?)

I copy.

The inscriptions differ completely from those of numbers 67 bis 74 ab und bezeichnen vielleicht eine andere Prägstätte. See illustration.

Herford Abbey.

76. Hildegunde von Otgenbach (1374-1409). Denarii.

HJ. WliliQGVßD = ÄBÄTISS + . Abbess in the veil full figure, sitting, on the right a closed book, on the left holding a flag that ends in a spherical cross.

RJ. Bust of a bishop with miter, blessing on the right, on the left holding a crook with the curve inwards.

a) . OßQTÄ & hQRVORDIGüftSI . .

b) Ä&QRVORDQ

c) . . ROTA ; IiQR

II Ex. Diameter: 15mm; Total weight: 10.64 g.

Grote (Münzstud. VIII, No. 31) has it for 8, as I suspect would like to see less well-preserved pieces of this type. cutting weight of 0.855 gr. found.

77. Denarius.

HJ. Image of the abbess, holding up a book on the right, left apparently a flag, on the chest a 5-petaled rose.

RJ. missing because the piece is only embossed on one side 1 copy in poor condition. Diameter: 15 mm; Weight: 1.01 gr.

The Bremen find. 41

78. Denarius.

HJ. as at No. 76, but in the field next to the abbess three points, one each next to the knees, one above the book.

l. 60DQRä:+ = + ....:....

2. 60(Q)..3T:+ = (+) ÄBB7STISS +

Rf. as on No. 76.

1. MOBÖTÄ + hQRVO . .

2 haRVORDa»SI(S+).

1: Diameter: 15 - 16mm; Weight: 1.01 gr.; 2: Diameter: 14-15 mm; Weight: 0.89 gr. The stamps of the two handlers are different. See picture of both copies.

p. 41 · zoom original

79. Denarius.

The same type as 78, but with better drawing at No. 76; on the farm the dots in the field are missing.

Hf. 1. (6). .QRÄ =(71) S +

2 (RA) = ISS +

22/ 1 hQRVORDIQß . .

2. HO» +

2 ex. diameter: 15 mm; Total weight: 2.39 gr. See Illustration of Ex. 1.

The reading of the enigmatic name “Godera* on No. 78 and 79 is beyond doubt. Despite various efforts I haven't been able to come up with a satisfactory explanation. After one kind communication from Dr. Ilgers at the archive In Münster, an Abbess Godera appears in the documents of the women's Herford Abbey does not exist at all, and according to this report it is division following in the one for the present coins in question the coming time the documented order of the Abbesses:

Lutgardis de Bickenen before 19/3 1324—1360 ca. 15/8, Heilewigis von Bentheim 1360 - 1361, Elisabeth of the Mountain 25/8 1361—1374 30/8, Hildegund of Otgenbach 1374—1409, Mathilde von Waldeck 1409-1442 20/11. Similar to Godera, the name is the one in the first

42 H. Bachenati:

Abbess Godesdiu, who appears in the half of the 11th century or Godesta. The laying of the coins is a given completely excluded in the time of this abbess, and undoubtedly include the stacks 78 and 79 with the stamp, weight and Preservation of completely corresponding safe stacks Abbess Hillegund's time was very close.

Grote reports in his Herford coin history (coin studies Vol. VIII) that after the first third of the 14th century In the 1900s, coinage in Herford apparently stopped. It would be safe to assume that at the beginning you would know the name of one any abbess from a time long past on the heraldry forder coins were used during the time of Abbess Hildegund the minting of coins with the issuance of minor pieces of New things began. For similar reasons, I think so You are allowed to do so for those now to be discussed and also Numbers 80 and 81 issued by Abbess Hildegund a type from older times imitated.

p. 42 · zoom original

80. Denarius.

HJ. Abbess, only in half-length portrait, a book on the right, one on the left Holding a flag with a cross.

1. . . .TO(?)

2 r. . .

Rf. Bishop in the bust, blessing on the right, one on the left Holding the crook inward, the robe is on the chest with three crosses, like those of the archbishop Pallium have the same crosses at the ends of the pallium islands hanging from the miter.

1. oilOß +

The inscriptions are unseparated all the way around.

2 ex. diameter: 15 mm; Total weight: 1.72 gr. See Illustration of Ex. 1, the front at the bottom of the text, the Reverse side on plate II.

Catalog Schellhass No. 931, copy Grote, Münzstud. VIII, Plate IV, 26.

The Bremen find. 43

The addition of the above transcriptions remains questionable (cf. Grote, Münzst. VIII, p. 378); maybe it's for the Hitler Youth. "MONeta GodeRa" to read, a statement made by the In- writings of the preceding and following numbers confirmed would.

81. Denarius.

The same type of back as in the previous number,

The main page shows the abbess in full figure, with a book

and flag, just like on numbers 77 and 80.

HJ. 6(?) - BBÄTISSÄ +

RJ ÖIO H +

1 copy, spoiled by double strike; Diameter: 15 mm; Ge- Weight: 0.84 gr. See picture.

This last and the previous number belong to the same time Closest together, like the common stamp of the back page proves. The type of Rf. follows that of Archbishop Wigbold of Cologne (1297-1304) and his successor Heinrich n. (1304-32) as provisional of Herford Abbey Denarius (Grote) minted jointly with the abbess at the time a. a. 0. No. 24, 25). Accordingly, these two denarii would have to... Bremen finds apparently, as Grote also assumes, in the time of the two archbishops just mentioned. This one The assumption is contradicted by the partly very good preservation present pieces and the fact that the HJ. of 81 with the corresponding main pages of 76, 77, 79 in detail matches. Number 81 seems even if not the one above suggested reading of each legend on the back deceives the name to have worn the touched, enigmatic abbess "Godera", after which the two coins above undoubtedly come last third of the 14th century, like the rest of the mass of the find. The weight of these two varieties (No. 80 and 81) is

p. 43 · zoom original

44 H. Buchenau:

compared to that of the other Herford denarii of the find. decreasingly low (average 0.85 gr.); they correspond in this the “Nyen quaden Swaren” of the Lower Weser and are after that at least the two youngest Herford denarii from the Bremen find. This assumption is determined by the stamp freshness of the pieces. confirms. Perhaps one took some action in the expression of these minor important pieces on the older heavy denarius types from the time of Archbishops Wigbold and Heinrich, in order to give the new, younger coins a better currency create.

82. Halfling.

HJ. The abbess in full figure; right?, left one Holding a flag with a ball cross over both knees three dots arranged in a cloverleaf shape.

Rj. Bishop with the miter in full figure, blessing on the right,

on the left a crook with the end in the shape of a cloverleaf

Keeping the curvature outwards. The same three dots each

like on the farm.

Inscription of the Hf according to those present on a copy

Apparently leftovers: “MOßQTft”

2 ex. diameter: 14mm; Total weight: 0.83 gr. See Illustration.

Similar to Grote, Münzst. VIII, plate IV, 35, where however Bishop and abbess do not appear in full figure.

Diocese of Minden. Otto III from the mountain (1384-1398)..

83. Denarius like sheet f. Mzk. I, plate I, 18. .

1 ex. diameter: 15 mm; Weight: 0.9 g.

Diocese of Paderborn. >

84. Denarius from Warburg, on it an image of a bishop with a staff and ?, on the chest a lion; Bf lily between architecture (Cap X, 22). 1 copy reasonably preserved but without inscription leftovers, weight: 1.01 gr.

The Bremen found. 45

Bishop Heinrich Spiegel zum Desenberg (1361 - 1380).

85. Denarius.

HJ. Bust portrait of the infected bishop, blessing on the right, left holding the crosier with the curvature facing inwards der Brust ein Schild mit drei runden Spiegeln.

+ h = . ISCfiOPVS;

p. 44 · zoom original

Rf. Tower with dome behind a hall with round arched column arcades and two gables on the outer A flag is attached to each side.

RMft : CIVI ....

3 ex. diameter: 14-15 mm; Total weight: 2.7 g.

Indeterminate denarius, perhaps Lippe.

86. HJ. Bearded head with curls, en face, the neck is through two rough lines indicated, between which there is a Oblique cross marriages seem to be located, OR (or B?) IL . .

Rf. Continuous cross, surrounded by roses. . VI = 6ÄS = Ii (? maybe also 6.?) . . = . . .

1 copy, poorly preserved and trimmed; Diameter: 16mm; Weight: 1.22 gr. See picture.

The character of this piece is most similar to that of Lippe Denarii near Grote, Münzst. V, Ttf. IV, 37, 38, plate. VUI, 7 (Simon L 1275 — 1344), there plate VI, 56 (Otto? 1344-60). The Wipperfürter Denarius can also be compared of Count Adolf v. Berg (1308 - 48) Grote VII, plate I, 13 with MOH = TW = IPIi = EVO, but the head is here bearded and drawn similarly to the king's head Aachen sterling of Louis of Bavaria (1314-46).

County Mark.

87. Half denarius.

HJ. Five-pointed star in a round-arched pentagon, its arch on the inside with a round one each Trefoil arches are decorated in the outer corners of the There is a cross on each of the five passes. . . . DGRIÜVS Ä D8

46 H. Buchenau:

Rf The nested beam between six florets (each three on each side) and from four to the outer edge surrounded by a flat arch.

. . K8 = TZflUft =

1 ex. diameter: 13 - 14 mm; Weight: 0.54 gr. See illustration education.

This half-denarius probably came from Dietrich von Dinslaken (1368 - 1406), younger son of Count Adolf II von der Mark, who also referred to his other The most widely published coins are simply “Tidericus de Marca".

p. 45 · zoom original

Dortmund-style denarius.

88. Hf. A crowned man sitting on a bench with knobs, on the right a branch-shaped scepter, on the left an imperial orb holding a lion on his chest. Indistinct remains of the Inscription, perhaps: (t)REM . . .?

Rf In triangular frame head with three roses between three clovers. On the neck a small lion from the left side.

VSo

1 Ex. Dm.: Limm; Weight: 0.79 g. See picture.

Probably Hessian denarius.

89. Hf. Bust portrait of a secular man, on the right a sword shark holding, left ?, a square rosette on the chest recessed cross inside.

Rf Flat arch made of pearls, above a tower between

two flags, including apparently a head with periforms

Curls. No remains of inscriptions.

1 copy, poorly preserved; Diameter: 15mm; Weight: 1.03 gr. See illustration.

Probably one of the well-known ones since Heinrich the Child, from Brabant (1265-1308) in the Hessian town Wolfhagen coined thick pfennigs, the so-called “pond” "Thörchen".

The Bremen found. 47

City of Hanover.

!)0. Hollow penny with the sickle he Im in the smooth edge, cf. Ztechr. f. Num. Vol. XIII, plate V, 8th diameter: 20 mm. 1 copy, very solidly preserved.

91. The same stamp, probably from the time of Duke Erich von Grubenhagen (1384-1427) with an 8 over his helmet, cf. inscription f. Num. XIII, plate V, 13th diameter: 20 mm. 1 copy, of somewhat better preservation.

Hamburg.

92. Witten after the recession of 1379 with the star in the Rounding of the cross. 1 ex.

93. Witten after the recession of 1387 with the point in the Rounding of the cross. 3 ex.

94. Witten after the Recess of 1403 with the castle on both pages. 2 ex.

95. Dreiling with the triangular coat of arms on both sides and the nettle leaf above. 5 copies

96. Two-sided pfennigs, V of the Wittenpfennig. Castle and cross with a star in the middle of the curve, accordingly the Witten from 1379. Diameter: 14 mm. 14 ex.

p. 46 · zoom original

97. Likewise, but the cross on the applicant has straight legs and no rounding in the middle. 3 ex.

98. Hollow pennies (approx. 1400) with ray edge and the nettle leaf under the castle. Diameter: approx. 16 mm. 18 ex.

99. Half pfennigs (sherfe) of the same stamp. 2 ex. Diameter: 12 - 13 mm.

Lüneburg.

100. Older, wide hollow penny with an upright one lions; the edge is smooth 1 ex. diameter: 19 mm; Weight: 0.43 gr.

101. Witte after the recession of 1381 with the star in the Rounding of the cross. 1 ex.

48 H. Buchenan:

102. Witte after the recession of 1387 with the point in the Rounding of the cross. 1 ex.

103. Wittenpfennig after 1403 with the lion on both sides. 3 ex.

104. Drei of a kind, on both sides the triangular lion shield between three points. 13 copies in different stamp variants.

105. Two-sided pfennig, ^ of the Wittenpfennig.

Hf. Upright Lion MOnaTÄ • LVßGüBORa + •ß/ Cross with smooth legs SIT IiftVS D80 PÄTRI.

1 ex. diameter: 14 mm; Weight: 0.45 gr.

106. Hollow pennies (approx. 1400) with the lion within one ray edge. Diameter: approx. 16 mm. 16 copies

107. One-sided, flat penny with an upright lion in the style of the Pomeranian shearers.

1 ex. diameter: 11mm; Weight: 0.25 gr. See picture dung.

This Scherf, which perhaps only accidentally had a one-sided impression should probably be referred less to Lüneburg than to the princes of Rügen; cf. Dannenberg's coinage history Pomerania, Berl. Coin sheet XIII No. 147. The latter provision is I only became aware of it during the correction, and I leave this coin at this point to avoid the subsequent ones having to change the numbers cited several times above.

LUbeck.

108. Dreiling with the well-known inscriptions, on both sides Double-headed eagle in triangular shield.

Three variants, each one different Stamp:

a) The shield is smooth on both sides. 12 copies

p. 47 · zoom original

b) The shield is always between two points, above the Shield a point between two circles. 10 ex.

c) The shield is smooth on one side and smooth on the other side between three points. 7 ex.

The Bremen find. 49

109. Zweiseitiger Pfennig, V des Wittenpfennigs, mit denselben Transcriptions.

HJ. Eagle, Rf. Cross with rounding in the middle, in which a star. Diameter: 14 mm. 6 copies

110. Likewise with the eagle on both sides. 5 copies

111. One-sided hollow penny (approx. 1400) with the crowned head in the edge of the beam. Diameter: 16 mm. 35 ex.

112. Half pfennigs (sherfe) of the same stamp. Diameter: 13 mm. 8 ex.

111 and 112 have recently been published by Dannenberg (Berl. Coin sheet No. 145) used for Greifswald, like I think wrongly. The high occurrence of these hollow pfennigs in the Bremen pound stands for the remaining number of Coins from Lübeck that were found were certainly in the appropriate condition - the Y ratio, while Pomeranian coins only very weak are represented. The composition of the Bremen find should therefore be for the one represented by Max Schmidt and so far probably generally approved referral to Lübeck a new one Throw weight into the weighing pan. Also note the pre- Coming of the penny with the crowned head at the im Num.-Sphrag.-Anzeiger 1882 No. 1 published valuations Table No. 2, which only contains coins from the surrounding area of Lüne- burgs that were widely circulated there have to; have to; There are five certainly Lübeck stamps among them, from which There are three in Mecklenburg Wismar, but not a single one is safe Coin to be claimed for Pomerania.

Mecklenburg.

113. One-sided, flat penny with the ox head according to Art the Pomeranian shearer.

Diameter: 11 mm; Weight: 0.22 gr. 1 copy, poorly preserved. See illustration and see the comment at No. 117.

114. Older hollow penny with the bull's head in a smooth ribbon. Dm. : 20mm. A poorly preserved copy.

p. 48 · zoom original

ZciUohiift for KomiMUtik. XIX. 4

50 H. Buchenau.

115. Younger hollow penny (approx. 1400) with the bull's head in the Radiation edges. Diameter: 14 - 15 mm. 7 ex.

116. Hoblpfennig, half of the previous one (Scherf), with the same Embossing. Diameter: 12 - 13 mm. 1 ex.

117. Two-sided penny, also in the Pomeranian style Scherfe. HJ. bull head; Rf. apparently a building with three towers, an unrecognizable object in the gate. Diameter: 10 - 11 mm; Weight: 0.37 gr. 1 copy, very bad received.

Probably an urban character? Maybe listen to #113 and 117 together, so #113 is just out would be accidentally embossed on one side.

Mecklenburg rule Werle.

118. Two-sided pfennigs (V of the Wittenpfennig), minted in Parchim.

Hf. Ringed bull's head. dlVITÄS DM • DWeRIiQ Rf cross broken by a curve in which

a small object consisting of five points floats.

NO»QT^oPÄRahQH + 1 ex. diameter: 13 mm; Weight: 0.42 gr.

119. The same impression, but the cross is through a quatrefoil interrupted.

a) OIVIT: Dill: D: WQRIi8 + HOttaTÄ : PÄRChOM +

b) aiviToDia . d. waRLa ® NonaTKoPÄReaaN ®

a: 5 Ex ; b: 1 ex. diameter: 13-14 mm; Weight of all 5 copies. together: 2.4 gr.

Rostock.

120. Witte according to the contract of 1381: cross with rounding, in which a star. 1 ex.

The Bremen find. 51

Wismar.

121. Wittenpfennig with the bull's head and floral cross 1379. 2 Ex.

122. Wittenpfennig with the bull's head and floral cross, in whose round center there is a star, after which Recess of 1379. 7 Ex.

123. Two-sided pfennig, a quarter of the Wittenpfennig, from the same character as the previous number. 18 ex.

124. Wittenpfennig after the recess of 1387: more triangular City sign and flower cross with a curve in the middle, in which a point. 3 ex.

125. Wittenpfennig from the beginning of the 15th century with the Bull head in a trefoil on both sides. 1 ex.

p. 49 · zoom original

126. Triplets from the beginning of the 15th century: on both Sides of the city shield between three points. 4 ex.

127. Hollow pennies (approx. 1400) with the city shield shining « edge. 15 Ex. Diameter: 14 - 15 mm.

Pomerania.

128. 17 different, very poorly preserved "sherfe"; underneath Recognizably one from Usedom (helmet with five feathers, only embossed on one side) and three from Stettin (Gryphon head in three-towered portal, only this side visible).

129. Hohlpfennig with flag in the ray edge. 1 Ex. Dm.: 14mm.

Salzwedel.

130. Hollow penny with an eagle in the smooth edge, similar to Bahr- Field t No. 315. 2 ex. diameter: 15 mm.

German Order in Prussia.

131. Hohlpfennig with a house stamp, i -4" next to it Point, cf. Vossberg, plate III, 95. 11'

1 ex. Diameter: 13-14 mm. Vossberg beschreibt diese Münze als Nr. 95, setzt sie jedoch

by pointing out a similar symbol on the seal

52 H- Buchen au: The Bremen find.

by Danzig citizen Hans Trost (1463) apparently much too late on. His betrayal that Trost was a tenant of Danzig at the time Coin would have been, is not sufficient Reasons supported.

Denmark. King Eric (1396-1439).

132. Hollow penny with a crown in the edge of the rays. 2 ex. Diameter: 14 - 15 mm.

Make the decision:

133. A fake hollow penny made of copper, apparently with Hamburg character. Diameter: 14 - 15 mm.

134. A poorly preserved Frankish denarius, probably Minted in the Upper Palatinate under Count Palatine Ruprecht I. or IL (1353-1390-1398).

Hf. head (very indistinct) +R(VP) . . 6.

Bf. Upright lion from the left side. From the Letters of the transcription can only be seen with a V behind it Lion's heads. Diameter: 17 mm.

H. Buchenau.

Investigations

on the chronology of the coins of the Domitii Ahenobarbi

at the time of the Roman Republic.

The chronological placement of the names of coins belonging to the Domitii family the period of the Roman Republic and the right connection the silver and euphoric series present considerable difficulties. They are caused by the peculiar circumstance that among the Domitians from the Ahenobarbi branch The first name Cneius is represented very often and on the coins even appears exclusive. This is why the in Views on chronology expressed in recent literature and the belonging of the pieces in question are very different. change.

p. 50 · zoom original

For the following investigations come first the following denarii should be considered:

a) Head of Dea Roma with winged helmet to the right, behind X

Petitioner CN . DO the Dioscuri n.r. t in the ROMA section Mommsen-Blacas No. 39 (40); Cohen plate 16 no. 1; Babelon I, p. 457/8 No. 1.

b) Head of Dea Roma with winged helmet to the right, in front of it behind ear of corn.

Rf. Victoria in the Biga to the right, under the same one man fighting with a large animal, above the Biga ROMA; in section CN. DOM

M.-Bl. No. 133 (105); Coh. Plate 16 No. 2; Bab. I, p. 462 No. 14.

54 M. Bahrfeldt:

c) Head of Dea Roma with winged helmet to the right, in front of it ROMA, behind it X

Rf. Jupiter in the quadriga to the right, laurel branch and Holding lightning. In the CN section. DOMI

M.-B1. No. 167 (139); Coh. Plate 16 No. 3; Bab. I p. 460 No. 7.

d) Denarii of the L.UC and CN.DOM and the Collegium: M. Aurelius Scaurus, L. Cosconius M. f., C. Malleolus C. f., L. Pomponius Cn. f. and L. Porcius Licinius.

Similar character:

Rear head of Dea Roma with winged helmet, behind it X or X

RF warrior in a biga, with shield and war trumpeted, hurling a javelin.

M.-Bl. No. 170 (199); Coh. Taf. 7 Nr. 5, Taf. 15 Nr. 1, Plate 23 No. 1, Plate 34 No. 1 ; Bab. I, p. 462 fg. No. 15-19. In the genealogy of the House of Domitii Ahenobarbi follow I W. Drumann 1 ), whose approaches, as far as I know, contradict have not yet experienced the layings.

The oldest of the denarii described above is the

Denarius a.

Mommsen thinks (Münzwesen p. 500) that this denarius about the Cn. Domitius No. 1, Consul 562 d. St. (192 BC), or from No. 2, his son, consul 592 d. St. (162 BC), her- stir. Blacas II, p. 249 opts for the former, while Babelon the denarius for the latter, the consul of the year 592 d. St. (162 BC), claiming it and using it around the year 575 AD. St (179 BC). Babelon further states that this Cn. Domitius No. 2 formed a college with L. Coilius (l . COIIO, Cn. Calpurnius (CN. CA) and Sex. Quinctilius (SX . Q), M.-Bl. No. 49, 37 respectively. 46.

p. 51 · zoom original

The finds allow us to determine the time of creation

') History of Rome in its transition from republican to monarchical constitution. By gender. Vol. III. Konigsberg 1887.

The chronology of the manias of the Domitii Ahenobwbi.

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56 M. Bahrfeldt:

Unfortunately, this denarius fails us. The 'precisely recorded treasures by La Riccia and Maserä 1 ) are too young to be right for this old denarius to be used and probably also the Badulato*) buried several years earlier would himself If taken carefully, there is hardly any result let. So the scales have to help out here. According to mine Tables in Samwer, Münzwesen 8 ), p. 95 fg. make 14 of these' Denarii have an average weight of 3.67 grams and thus the Belonging to the light foot of a / g4 pounds. There- through is the time limit before which the denarius was not minted can be, definitely, namely 513 d. St. (241 BC), the year of Reduction of the heavy silver base; she gets even closer moved if it is true that the uncial As with CN. DOM belongs, its minting only after the reduction of copper in 537 d. St. (217 BC) may have taken place.

For these and other reasons - comparison with the Denarii from other coin masters around the same time, taken into account The use of the A in the city name, in fact the completely original one Mint - I believe the denarius with full right of center Added to the city in the sixth century (around 200 BC) to have meadows. I find confirmation in Cavedoni, Ragguaglio p. 242, the cn. Domitius together with Cn. Calpurnius (CN.CÄ) and C. Scribonius (C.SCR) around 550 lets officiate.

p. 52 · zoom original

I don't know what Cavedoni's reasons for both like Babelon caused the Cn. Domitius with Cn. Cal purnius and C. Scribonius respectively. with Cn. Calpurnius, L. Coilius and sex. Quinctilius to unite into a college. Both

1) La Riccia, Mommsen, Ztschr. f. Num. Vol. II, 8. 32 fg., Garrucci, Periodico di num. 1873 p. 285 fg. — Maserä: Garrucci in the Civil ta cat- tolica Ser. XI, vol. 12 (1881) p. 468 fg.; de Petra in the FioreUi notes degli scavi 1883, p. 223 fg.; Bahrfeldt, Ztschr. f. Num. Vol. XI, p. 202 fg.; Mommsen, Berl meeting reports. Acad. 1883 p. 1147 fg.

2) Riccio Catalog S. III. Mommsen p. 412 note 5; French translation II 8. 122.

3) K. Samwer, history of the older Roman coinage up to circa 200 BC (554 AD), published. by M. Bahrfeldt. Vienna 1883.

The chronology of the coins of the Domitii Ahenobarbi. 57

have the Cn. Calpurnius, and yet his denarius, the Ge- Judging by the weight, it was formed not insignificantly earlier than the others, whose age is probably the same. Should the author of the denarius discussed above with one of the historically known Domitiians can be identified, so it can be none other than the Cn. Domitius No. 1, the Consul of the year 562 d. St. (192 BC).

Denarius b.

Mommsen p. 523 considers this denarius minted either by Cn. Domitius No. 2, consul in 592 d. St. (162 BC) or by his son of the same name No. 3, Consul in the year 632 d. St. (122 BC), for which Blacas II, P. 326 expresses. Babelon I, p. 461/62 No. 3, however, leads The following from: The mint master who made this denarius about in the year 635 d. St. (119 BC), probably lich as the College of M. Marcius M\ f. (M.-Bl. No. 134), is Cn. Domitius No. 4, the son of Cn. Domitius No.' 3, of the consul in the year 632 d. St. (122 BC), himself consul in 658 d. St. (96 BC) together with C. Cassius (mint master M.-B1. No. 157), and later censor of the year 662 d. St. (92 BC), the same one that contains the denarii described above under d (M.-Bl. No. 170) in collaboration with L. Licinius Crassus.

p. 53 · zoom original

So far one could agree with Babelon. Well But he says right at the beginning of the historical remarks to this Domitius “ce personnage est Tarriöre-petit-fils du pr6c6dent", and this "pr6c6dent" refers to Cn. Domitius f 673 d. St. (81 BC), the son-in-law of Cinna, with me No. 6, from which Babelon received the denarius, described above under c, can be shaped.

There is an obvious error here, because the father (No. 4) can't be his son's great grandson (#6)!! Babylon gives the description of the Domitian denarii in this series sequence: a, c, b, d. I suspect that he is now the third Denarius originally wrote second place in the manuscript

58 M. Bahrfeldt:

has confessed; dann würde sich das „arriöre-petit-fils du pr6c6- dent u on the cn. Domitius, German mint master of the denarius a be- draw and be accurate if you see the gonsul of the year 562 d. St. (192) v. BC) - above No. 1 - saw.

To determine the time of origin of the denarius b give the already mentioned treasures of La Riccia and Masera desired clues. Both, in the year 629 d. St. (125 B.C. BC) buried, contained this denarius, which therefore preceded that one points in time must be marked. This makes the allocation the same to Cn. Domitius No. 4 no longer applies, as does the Er- Clarification of the representation on the reverse of the denarius, the Babelon I, p. 461. The one under the Biga with a big one Babelon brought the story to the man fighting animals the Romans in connection with that in the battle at Vindelium against the Allobroges and Arverni in 633 d. St. (121 B.C. BC), the leader of the latter, Bituitus, particularly favored mobs the fight between trained large dogs against those of Cn. Thu- I let loose the legions commanded by Mitius. He sees therefore in the animal a large dog, not a lion according to the previous assumption.

p. 54 · zoom original

This explanation would fit very well if the times agreed. Since the Battle of Vindelium took place in 633 d. St. (121 BC), but the denarius b already existed before 629 AD. St. (125 BC), the year of the burial of the treasures of La Riccia and Masera must be beaten, so can the representation on the denarius not related to the story be brought.

In my opinion the denarius b comes from Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus Cn. f. Cn. n. No. 3 and is around 625 d. St. (129 BC).

Denarius c.

Opinions also vary about the author of this denarius apart. Mommsen p. 541 note 242 thinks that the coin master about Cn. Domitius No. 3, the consul in 632 d. St.

The chronology of the coins of the Domitii Ahenobarbi. 59

(122 BC), but it comes from the Spanish Treasures in the Ann. delP Inst. arch. 1863 p. 54 to that of Blacas II, p. 359 note 1, that the Denar “appartiene piuttosto al console del 658 (No. 4) che a quello del 632 a, and around the period from 640-650 d. St. (114-104 BC). He connects the mint master this denarius with M. Silanus and Q. Curtius to form a collegium essentially due to the fact that it bears all three names copper and the denarius M.-Bl. No. 167 c (Babelon I, p. 449, Curtia No. I) 1 ), in contrast to Borghesi 2 ), which because of equality number of the denarius types the Cn. Domitius with Q. Metellus (M.-Bl. 131) and M. Vargunteius (M.-Bl. 132) to form a collegium agreed. Mommsen's view is supported by the treasures of La Riccia and Maserä certainly confirmed this, as they probably had the denarius of Q. Metellus and M. Vargunteius included, but not also that of Cn. Domitius, who accordingly, according to the Ver- excavation, i.e. after 629 d. St. (125 BC) must have been struck. Babelon I, p. 460 says the following: The denarius c is approximately 640 d. St. (114 BC). The mint master Cn. Domitius "fut consul en 658 (96 av. J.-G); il avait 6pous6 Cornelie, fille de L. Cornelius Cinna, et il ätait fils, sans doute,

p. 55 · zoom original

du mon&aire pr6c6dent II fut vaincu (par Cn. Pomp6) et

mis ä mort, Tan 673 (81 av. J.-C.) a . — Here too there are various to correct various confusions. The one Cn. Domitius, who married Cinna's daughter and in the year 673 d. St. (81 BC) fell against Pompey, No. 6 in the previous standing given genealogical table, was the son of Cn. Domitius No. 4 and never held the consulship. Consul of the year 658 d. St. (96 BC) was his father (No. 4), as Babelon himself did when discussing the denarius b p. 462. Since we have two consuls of the same name, Cn. Domitius from the year 658 d. St. (96 BC) do not know who Mint master of denarii b and c of Babelon not considered identical

1) See also Ztschr. f. Num. IV, p. 33.

2) Oeuvres completes Vol. II, ossery. VI, Dec. 8/14/155 fg.

60 M. Bahrfeldt:

are held, his statement is based on the fact that the Cd. Domitius No. 6, + 673 d. St. (81 BC), in the year 658 d. St. (96 BC) was consul, on error. It is further impossible to find a “fils du monätaire pr6” in this Domitius to see caedenf, d. h. of that Gn. Domitius, who Denarius A was minted, in my opinion number 1, but nor of No. 2, to whom Babelon allocates the denarius a.

This brings me to the denarius b expressed conjecture confirms that in the Babelonian Description of the denarius with CN. DOMI and Quadriga on the with CN.DOM and Biga, and this one on the Dioscure denarius should follow, i.e. in the order I gave above. have to give. The Gn. Domitius No. 6 died in 673 AD. St. (81 BC), as we know from Valerius Maximus, at a young age. He can therefore not be the mint master of the denarius c, which was minted in the years of 640-650 d. St. (114-104 BC) falls. It is therefore unnecessary just* because we have a different Gn. Don't know Domitius, who is in the time would be appropriate, according to Mommsen's process, the denarius Cn. Domitius No. 4 to be added to the consul in 658 AD. St. (96 BC), who also minted the following denarius d.

p. 56 · zoom original

I would also like to mention that on one of Ms. Gnecchi in the Rivista ital. di num. Vol. U (1889) p. 163 plate III, 3 known The copy of this denarius has the inscription of the applicant CN. DMI is, therefore incorrect without O.

Denarii d.

The Cn. mentioned on these denarii. Domitius is undoubtedly the consul of the year 658 d. St. (96 BC), No. 4, the with L. Licinius Crassus together in 662 d. St. (92 AD) Censor was. The presumed time of origin of the denarii and the fact that on them, in addition to the constants, The apparent names of Crassus and Domitius are five more Other occurrences have given rise to numerous discussions given.

The chronology of the coins of the Domitii Ahenob&rbi. 61

Mommsen pp. 368 and 574 states that the denarii were during the censorship of Crassus and Domitius, i.e. in the year 662 d. St. (92 BC) were characterized by a col- legium by five mint masters under the supervision of the two Censors. But he comes to a different result the Spanish treasures 1 ), in which these denarii are from all over * have found a much lower degree of preservation than that other denarii of the fourth period, in particular C. Pulcher (M.-B1. No. 176).

Since we know from the Elogium that this denarius was before the year 655 d. St. (99 BC) was minted, so must even if one does not underestimate the evidentiary value of the findings. wants to deny, the denarii of Crassus and Domitius Judging by their lower degree of preservation, they may be older than that of C. Pulcher, in other words, their coinage can not only during the censorship of the two in 662 d. St. (92 BC) but must have taken place earlier have. Since both of them are neither quaestors, tribunes, Aediles, still officiated together as praetors and thus in None of these positions presided over the coinage can, then it is only necessary to assume that Crassus and Do- mitius before their joint censorship, around the year 645 up to 650 d. St. (109-104 BC), as an extraordinary coin gentlemen officiate.

p. 57 · zoom original

Babelon I, p. 463 cannot be satisfied with this explanation. friends. He thinks that it is very forced to assume that it was Crassus and Domitius before their joint activity capacity as censors before an office at the same time- should have stood, which we know nothing about. A lot It would be more natural to hold this office as extraordinary mint to move to the time in which we both met as colleagues know, i.e. the year of its censorship 662 d. St. (92 BC)

Certainly this is the most natural explanation, too

1) Ann. delT Inst. arch. 1863, p. 55 fg.; Blacas II, pp. 48 and 368.

62 M. Bahrfeldt:

Mommsen, as mentioned above, in the original German edition originally gave himself and from which he only came through the state the preservation of these denarii in the Spanish treasures felt forced to go. But Babelon makes this point gar nicht ein. Perhaps the denarii in the finds owe their thanks their poorer preservation is merely a matter of chance, so that it It would be left to later discoveries to raise these doubts.

That alongside Crassus and Domitius a college of five appears, must not be noticed any further. The occupation of the coin The ministerial office was not yet firmly established at that time be, so that we once deviate instead of a college of find three, one of five mint masters. On the other hand, it appears Babelon's explanation is quite plausible that two members of one original three-man college died or otherwise disappeared departed and were immediately replaced, so that there were five of us Finding names on the coins, a process that happened- mainly in 710 d. St. (44 BC) has repeated similarly.

The explanation of the Ä/-presentation that comes from de Witte 1 ) position on these denarii: that of the Proconsul Cn. Domitius (No. 3), the father of the minter of these denarii, in the Battle of Vindelium in 633 AD. St. (121 BC) the leader of the Arverni, Bituitus, conquered in his silver battle- dare, seems very happy and accurate to me. But want I can't hold back an objection. Isn't it striking that on all denarii only the family honors of Domitius expressed that not at least on one or the other of the five denarii, Crassus also had his Ancestors are celebrated, all the more so because the name of Domitius is always there in second place, i.e. appears after?

p. 58 · zoom original

Mommsen mentions when discussing these denarii (Annali p. 56) that according to Zobel's information, the denarii of L. Pom- ponius in the treasure of Oliva all have the D in the name

1) Memoire, read before the 8oci6t6 des antiquaires de France on December 13 and 20, 1882. Babelon I, p. 463.

The chronology of the coins of the Domitii Ahenobarbi. 63

CN. DOM was wrong, so OOM showed. The same is on one lining denarius of my collection the case, CN OOM, without Period after the first name. On these denarii appear over- In general, stamping errors do not appear to be rare. So reads on a silver one, not plated and not at all about the barbarized denarius of Scaurus in my collection Aufschrift in dieser Form : L • LIC • CM t>OM, also das N ver- returns M and the D with an extended up and down Strokes P

I now come to the copper coins of the Domitii. They form two groups:

1. The coins with the traditional Prora type and the inscription Cn. Dome, Domi or similar;

2. the coins with different types and names the three mint masters Cn. Domi, M. Sita and Q. Curti.

1. The coins with Cn. Dome, Domi etc.

The first group of those named after the Domitii struck copper coins consists of: Ace, Semis, Triens, Qua- drans and sextans; the ounce is missing or not yet known. Since some of these denominations are very rare, the combination There are doubts as to whether all the pieces belong to a series and finally the inscriptions need clarification, consider I first take the individual parts one after the other.

a) As. First published by Borghesi, Osserv. numism. Decade XIV, 6 p. 26 (Oeuv. compl. Vol. IL p. 167), as located in his collection with CN.DOM. The same piece can be found in the auction catalog of this collection in 1881, p. 40 No. 510, his whereabouts, as well as that of the entire collection development has not become known.

p. 59 · zoom original

Then Riccio gives mon. family P. 81 No. 9 a description "Asse onciale presso il Borghesi, e presso noi", with inscription CN • DOM and CN • DOMI, the illustration plate 56 no. 2 but with the former form of the name. Since the ace at Borghesi is CN • DOM

64M Bahrfeldt:

Riccio's label should read CN • DOMI, However, Riccio describes his in the catalog p. 84 no. 13 and 14 both aces marked CN • DOM, whereas in Auction catalogs Riccio, 1868, p. 34 under No. 540 the inscription of the now existing three aces is again CN • DOMI. Babelon I, p. 458 No. 2 does not give an illustration of the ace, since that Paris cabinet does not contain the same, continues in the following Riccio but as forms of inscriptions on: CN DOMI, DOME, DOM, DO. But since Riccio only that First and third mentioned, I don't know how to Babelon the other two come. Finally I got into Samwer's room layer d. older Roman coins. pp. 136, 163 an ace of mine Collection with CN • DOM weighing 28.10 grams led. However, a closer further investigation has shown that that the piece is retouched; it must therefore be considered unreliable be eliminated. Since on Riccio's constantly fluctuating- No reliance can be placed on the information regarding the form of the inscription is, the only authenticated ace left is the Borghese one CN-DOM and a weight of 27.30 gr.

b) Semis. The Semis is, together with the Quadrans, the most common nominal, not only in this series but also especially in this entire coinage period, which is what we are talking about standing copper belongs. The inscription reads CN • DONE and CN - DOMI, the latter form is much rarer than the former Apparently there is a copy in the Borghesi auction catalogue also CN • DOM. I have doubts about the accuracy of this reading Doubts, even more so than on Coh. 1 is referenced, but where CN • DOltE stands. After CN the point is often missing.

p. 60 · zoom original

Illustrations in Cohen plate 54, 1, hereafter Babelon I, P. 458 No. 3, as well as in Riccio mon. family Plate 18, 8.

Weights:

grams

8.82 CN-Dore Bahrfeldt, used. 8.10 * Berlin, used.

7.19 CN.DOMI Bahrfeldt, good.

The chronology of the coins of the Domitii Ahenobarbi. 65

6.56

CN DONE

Berlin, good.

6.38

CN DOK€

Turin, good.

5.95

CN • DOMI

Vienna, used.

5.60

CN • DOh€

Berlin, good.

5.51

CN DOME

Vienna, very good.

5.06

ff ff

Bahrfeldt, tolerably.

I limit myself to these weight details easily multiply in Hesse.

Average 6-7 sizes, i.e. semiuncial foot.

c) Triens. First published in Mus. Hedervar. Vol. II, p. 25 No. 396 with CN • DOMI, with reference to plate number ae. suppl. No. 6, but the illustration is missing there. Then listed by Borghesi Dec. XIV, 6 and in the auction catalog No. 512 also with CN • DOMI, also by Riccio mon. family p. 81 No. 11, which appears in the text CN DOMI and CNDONt writes, Plate 56, 3 but CN • DOM depicts, but comes from Riccio cat. S. 84 Nr. 19/20 hervor, dass er einen Triens mit CN . DOM never has possessed.

Weights:

6.10 CN DOMI Paris 1 ), ?

5.76 CNDOMI Turin, good.

5.70 “Berlin, good.

3.08 ///////DOMI Paris, ?

The style of the Triens is after Riccio Cat. p. 84 excellent, as was the case at almost all times in the Triens, a careful shows lighter die cutting and better style.

d) Quadrans. Next to the semis, the most common nominal. Inscription CN • DOI^E and CN • DOMI, the latter form less common. Illustrations by Riccio mon. family Plate 18, 9; Cohen plate 54, 2 a and b; hereafter Babelon I, p. 459 no. 5.

1) The weights of the manias of the Cabinet de mädailles in I owe the favor of Mr. Adrien Blancbet.

ZmtMhiift for mnaumatics. XIX. 5

M. Bahrfeldt:

Weights:

4.81

CN • DOMI

Turin, ?

4.80

CN DOME

Vienna, used.

4.40

CN DOMI

Berlin, good.

4.38

CN • DOME

Turin (2 copies).

p. 61 · zoom original

4.30

CN DOME

Berlin, very good.

4.24

CN DOME

Bahrfeldt, good.

3.96

CN DOME

» very good.

3.51

“pretty good.

3.40

CN DOME

good.

3.28

“Tolerably.

3.19

CN • DONE

Turin, ?

2.98

CN DOME

Bahrfeldt, pretty good.

There are two interesting deviations in the Quadrans to mention:

1. Quadrans with the inscription DEOMI above the prora. First made known and pictured at Biccio cat.

Plate 6 No. 17, in the auction catalog No. 544. In the K. Münzkabinett There is also a second copy in Berlin DEOMI above and ROMA below the Prora, 5.37 gr. rocking, good received. Both quadrants are not one and the same piece, as can be seen from a comparison of the mechanically faithful Riccio's education with the Berlin copy is clear. Mommsen p. 523, Blacas II, p. 249 explain this form of Inscription for a stamp error, Babelon I, p. 459 for one B vari6t6 barbarians". By the way, I notice that the style of the both quadrants with DEOMI is not worse than the one of the remaining pieces with regular inscriptions and that further There is no space to the left of the inscription for a CN. Have Are we even dealing here with the coin of Domitius? I have no explanation for this.

2. Quadrans marked apparently DOMIT, two Copies from the same stamp 4.59 and 3.04 gr., in good condition keep, both in my collection. That one of them bought I in 1876 with Depoletti in Rome, the other by A. Weyl in

The chronology of the coins of the Domitii Ahenobarbi.

Berlin, aas its Numism. Gorrespondence 102/103 (1892), No. 146, where the inscription DOMTI is read, while I read DOMIT on my older copy. The first three Letters DOM are very clear, the last two TI or IT is represented as two lines of equal strength, so that a distinction between which is a T and which is an I, very is difficult. They seem to me more like two i II, what in me which arouses the suspicion that the E in Dome has been passed through here want to represent this not uncommon secondary form II 1). But I don't know whether this was common practice in such early times known Also on these two coins appears to the left of the D there is no room for the first name CN •.

p. 62 · zoom original

Above is a picture of the two at least inter- essential pieces.

e) Sextans. We only know one of this sextan the only example from the Borghesi collection Dec. XIV, 6 CN • Has DOM as an inscription. An illustration of this Riccio gives mon. fara. Plate 56 No. 4, but with CN • DO, and this form of the name is also given in the auction catalog. How they actually appear on Borghesf's sextan must remain undecided. Babelon gives I, p. 459 No. 6 is an illustration, but I can guess which copy it is based on not Riccio's drawing cannot have been the basis, because both differ significantly from each other. On the down Education says CN • DO, in the text C • DOM (misprint for CN) and CN • DO. The Sextans in Paris is very doubtful detention; Mr. A. Blanchet writes: la lecture me paralt bien in« certaine, on crorait lire NB AA (weight 4.52 gr.).

1) Compare the aureus of Antonius at Babelon I, p. 184 no. 70 and the cut there same.

to M. Bahrfeldt:

2. The coins with Cn. Domi, M. Sila and Q. Curt.

This series of copper coins, consisting of semis, triens, quadrans, consisting of sextans and ounces, does not in itself offer any difficulties ities, although they differ from the traditional types, but related to the image of the god on the courtyard ^. representations have not yet found an explanation. The names of the mint masters appearing on them leave no room There are doubts as to whether this series of coins is associated with the denarii M.-Bl. 167 is to be connected, as Mommsen describes this coinage p. 541, Blacas II, p. 359, in contrast to Borghesi.

All pieces are rare, but the Quadrans comes most common. Below I provide the information that has been made known to me: weights, as can be seen almost all from the Parisian taken from the cabinet, whose treasures have been incorporated into the collection since lung Ailly are incomparable.

p. 63 · zoom original

Semis Babelon No. 9 8.65 gr. Paris.

Triens “ * 10 10.67 “

Quadrans " " 11 5.45 5.20 5.18 4.61 4.25 4.20

4.00 3.58 3.30 Gr. Paris. 6.40 gr. good Berlin; 6.08 good Bahrfeldt. Sextans “ “12 5.10 Gr. Paris.

Ounce, " "13 3.45 and 3.07 gr. Paris; 3.25 gr.

good Vienna.

The chronological placement is now unnecessary the first mentioned copper series with CN • DOME etc. and their Connection with one of the denarii described above.

Mommsen, Coinage p. 523, originally connected this Copper with the denarius b (M.-Bl. No. 133), but came later the Ann. deir Inst. 1863, p. 34 fg., hereafter Blacas II, p. 249, back from it and now combined the copper with the denarius a (M.-Bl. No. 39), despite the old age of the latter, as shown is emphatically emphasized. Essentially this is based View that in the eufer rows the one with the denarius

The chronology of the coins of the Domitii Ahenobarbi.

M.-Bl. No. 133 denarii of the same age from other mint masters everywhere the As is missing, so it would be a deviation from the rule, Here we encounter an ace with the denarius of Domitius. So If this observation is correct in general, it can be found also exceptions. The alleged aces of M. Varg., Q. Max., etc. have long since been recognized as read and eliminated. Different On the other hand, it is marked with an ace of Q. Metellus (to the denarius M.-Bl. No. 131 belongs to my collection of undoubted genuine which I refer to Wiener Num. Ztschr. Vol. XIII (1881), p. 164. made known. Babelon has indeed found good in his Works to ignore this As; I therefore feel compelled to Here is another illustration of this just in the inscription to give a well-preserved coin.

Since this ace of the QMETE is the one with the denarius M.-Bl. No. 131 is out of the question, the rule is enforced. What is broken is that the As is everywhere in the coin rows of the third period is missing, then nothing would stand in the way of Mommsen's first opinion following, this copper with CN • DONE again with the denarius b (M.-Bl. No. 133). But now it appears to me Question justified: does the As and the others belong? Nominal of the copper series together is not much- to connect more of those with the Denarius a (M.-Bl. No. 39) and this one with the denarius b (M.-Bl. No. 133)? There are important things to say Reasons for this suggestion. The only weighed ace has the full uncial weight, while the weight of the others Parts fall off quite significantly and with such an old one Denarius, like that of the CN • DO (M.-Bl. No. 39), is impossible to can be tied. There wouldn't be a single example of this

p. 64 · zoom original

70 M. Bahrfeldt:

to put the page. But it is by no means a rarity that by some mint masters, in addition to the denarius, only the As ohne die anderen Theilstücke geprägt worden ist, so von Antronius M.-BL 21, Purpureus M.-Bl. 26. I would therefore The view I have already expressed 1 ) is harmless continue to represent it if I didn't find an obstacle. The The inscription on the denarius is CN • DO, that on the copper on the other hand CN DOM, DOME, DOMI, also DOMIT, that is never CNDO, because the sextan still needs to be set up clarification. Now it is a general rule that the... Inscriptions on the copper are always shorter than on the copper associated silver; Here the copper would be combined the Denarius a (M.-Bl. No/39), the opposite may be the case. would have the As has the inscription CN • DO, so I wouldn't have any concerns, to connect it solely with the Denarius a (M.-Bl. No. 39) and the remaining copper with the denarius b (M.-Bl. No. 133). Since this, as far as the only authenticated Borghesian copy can tell but doesn't seem to be the case, I separate the ace temporarily not from the other nominals and combine them whole series with the denarius b.

A capitulation of the above statements results the following:

1. The Denarius a, with CNDO, M.-Bl. No. 39, is over 554 d. St. (200 BC) minted. The mint master is Cn. Domitius L. f. L. n. (No. 1), Consul 562 d. St. (192 BC). To that Denarius does not belong to copper, or if it does, then only the ace.

2. The minter of the denarius b, M.-B1. No. 133, is Cn. Domitius Cn. f. Cn. n. (No. 3), Consul 632 d. St (122 BC). The coinage dates back to before the year 629 AD. St. (125 BC) took place. The copper series belongs to the denarius CN • DOME etc., perhaps with the exception of the ace.

1) In 8amwer's history of the older Roman Mfinsw. p. 163.

p. 65 · zoom original

The chronology of the meals of the Domitii Ahenobarbi. 71

3. The Denarius c, M.-Bl. No. 167, is from Cn. Domitius Cn. f. Cn. n. (No. 4) after 629 d. St. (125 BC) minted been. This denarius includes the second copper series deviant types and the name of the three-man Colleges.

4. The denarius d is also from the same Domitius (No. 4), M.-Bl. No. 170, was minted, but not during censorship with Crassus 662 d. St. (92 BC), but even before that, around in the period from 645-650 d. St. (109-104 BC).

Rastatt, June 1892. M. Bahrfeldt.

Addendum.

The Borghesi collection came through on January 19, 1893 Sangiorgi in Rome for sale for the second time and with that also the aforementioned As, Triens and Sextans with CN-DOM, CN • DOMI and CN • DO. Unfortunately I couldn't manage this to acquire pieces for my collection; their whereabouts are mine not known I'm afraid they will definitely be lost now should be.

Rastatt, April 1893. M.B.

Coins minted during the Roman Republic period

Jul. Friedländer published in the magazine. f. Num. Vol. IV (1877), pp. 328-349 under the title “Over-minted ancient coins* 1 an essay in which he once again discusses the value of over minted coins for conclusions regarding the determination of time namely the Greek autonomous coins, on the metro logy, the spread of different types of money, etc. At the end of his compilation, which essentially He agrees that it was based on the royal collection in Berlin similar works, “whoever owns over-minted coins should sie mittheilen". As a result of this appeal, as far as I know, only Dr. F. Imhoof-Blumer a list of over minted coins delivered (Zeitschr. f. Num. Vol. V, 1878, pp. 143-150), but The same only holds Greek coins; for Roman coins, which, of course, occur much more rarely when overprinted, are excluded Samwer's short note about the overprinted Roman ones Sextants with AA 1 ) similar communications have not been made so far. The following compilation should therefore be overstated Roman coins from the Bepublic period as the first contribution to the material given by Friedländer not unwillingly be coming.

p. 66 · zoom original

The Ailly Collection (in the Paris Cabinet) delivered, then also the Eönigl. Cabinet in Berlin, that K. K. in Vienna, my collection and a few others, including those literature; You can find more detailed evidence on every piece.

1) Magazine f. Num. Vol. XII, 1885, pp. 134-136.

M. Bahrfeldt: Over-minted coins a. d. Period of the Roman Republic. 73

The pieces performed by Friedländer are included here again included so that the reader can understand the entire material have agreed.

I. Overprints on Roman coins.

1. Dioscure denarius with the symbol anchor, overstamped the Roman-Campanian silver piece with the double head and the Quadriga, inscription deepened. Überprägte römische Silbermünzen kommen, wie man weiter- will see, extremely rare. before. This interesting piece, Weighs 4.96 grams and is in fairly good condition (quasi nuovo), comes from the important finds from Maseru and is located with the same now in the National Museum in Naples. Garrucci in his article “Le origini dell' argento e dell' oro monetate in Roma" (Civiltä cattolica Vol. VIII, Issue 746, pp. 218-229) It is mentioned first on page 223, then appears in the “Ragguaglio del depo- sito di Maserä" (ibid. vol. XII, issue 778, pp. 468-475) p. 469 Note 1 and in his great work “Le monete dell' Italia antic&" p. 64 fg. Plate 78 No. 25 back to it. Furthermore This coin is mentioned by de Petra in his Report “II ripostiglio di Maserä”, printed in the notes degli scavi July issue 1883, also by Mommsen, which has an imprint was available, in the meeting reports of the Berlin Academy in 1883, Issue 43, p. 1149 note 1 and finally from me in v. Sallets Magazine f. Num. Vol. XI, 1883, p. 203.

Garrucci takes Civ. catt. Issue 746, p. 223 which was first published by Boeckh, Metrol. Unders. P. 348, coming soon by Ailly, Research Vol. I, p. 141 ffg. represented view again on that the silver pieces, one of which belongs to the present one Denarius with the symbol anchor served as a planchet oldest Roman denarii. Your normal weight I have 6 scruples = 6.82 grams and am in the year 486 d. St. (268 BC) on the Dioscuri denarius of 4 scruples = 4.55 grams have been reduced, with a simultaneous reduction of the Libral Ace to a Quadrant Ace. I share this belief

p. 67 · zoom original

74 M. Bahrfeldt:

do not see, but remain in accordance with the superiority delivery that in the year 486 d. St. introduced Dioscuri denarius was the first Roman silver coin, not the so-called Nummus, which probably has Roman influences It is credited with its creation, but not as an actual Roman coin may be considered. To a refutation of the view that in 486 d. St. a reduction of the Libral Ace to one Quadrantar-As occurred, I can't get involved here- let. Tch refer to Samwer's business. d. older Roman Coinage, in which I p. 48 ffg. the reductions treated thoroughly.

Incidentally, the present overprint is the first positive one Proof that these silver pieces with the double head are older are than the Dioscuri denarii.

2. Triens with Hasta on E/. n minted to ounce without symbols. Weight 11.99 gr. In the Paris Eabinet. Ailly, Research Vol. II, p. 457, plate 86 no. 17.

3. Triens without symbols on such sextans. «Wt. 28,25 Gr. In the Paris cabinet. Ailly Vol. I, p. 128, plate 39 No. 4.

4. Likewise sextans to ounce. Two copies. wt. 11.59 and 11.29 sizes. In the Paris cabinet. Ailly Vol. I, P. 132, plate 40 no. 5 and 7.

5. Likewise ounce to half ounce. Weight 5.80 gr. In the Parisian Cabinet. Ailly Vol. I, p. 134, Plate 41 No. 9.

In his great work, Ailly takes the view that: the Roman copper coin before the adoption of the sextantar foot I experienced two legal reductions, the reduction of As to half and to the fourth part of the original weight. As evidence for the former, he used the Coinage No. 2 and to accept the Quadrantar Ace the present overprints No. 3 - 5 led him. “La certitude de ce fait," he says Vol. I, 8. 119, "nous est acquise par des fractions de l'as semi-libral surfrapp£es de la marque

p. 68 · zoom original

Overprinted mitoses from the Roman Republic period. 75

The value of the double cell is represented avant-garde derni&re operation. Ges surfrappes ätablissent incontestablement "Cette nouvelle diminution du poids de ras". He goes on to say Triens Vol. I, pp. 128 and 129 listed above under No. 3: “C'est le triens, qui commence 4 nous thunder la preuve con- Vaincante de la second r6duction par sa frappe sur un sextans de la premiere. . . . Les quatre onces frapp&s sur une monnaie ancienne de deux onces, attestent donc ävidemment une räduction de moitte", and finally at the Unze Vol. I, p. 135: "Cette sur- Frappe is a new preuve corroborative de la r6duction de moitte de la premiöre a la deuxiime r6duction que nous trou- froms ainsi inscrite sur three degres de valeur monätaire diflfö- rents" (namely the above TrienR, Sextans and the Ounce). I looked into Samwer's history of the older Roman Coinage p. 51 fg. pronounced against a quadrantar foot and Ailly's evidence based on these impressions tried to refute. These overprints prove In my opinion only that the Müuzfuss within a certain know period has been reduced by twice, but in no way that this weight reduction is not just was done in the actual way. Ailly's evidence could be propagated by the following pieces.

6. Triens without sign on probably Sextans. wt. 28 gr. In the Kircherianum Museum. Garrucci p. 78, plate 78 No. 13.

7. Sextans with mint mark V on HJ. (like Ailly Plate 104 No. 6), overstamped on one ounce without markings with head n. 1. Weight 12.69 gr. In my collection.

8. Sextans without markings to ounce. Weight 10.31 gr. In k. k. Coin Cabinet in Vienna.

9. Dupondius. Hf. Helmeted female head to the right. Bf. Prora, Above it, value mark II

p. 69 · zoom original

This piece is the only one that has been minted so far Roman Dupondius, was first published in Bull, dell' Inst.

76 M. Bahrfeldt:

arch. 1862, p. 49. It weighed 39.15 grams and belonged to the Mint dealer Depoletti in Rome. Blacas discusses it in Mommsens Rome. Mttnzw., translation, vol. II, p. 8 above and note 1, as well p. 215 note 1, also in vol. IV, p. 24, where on plate 21 No. 3 is given an illustration and refers to it “Särie onciale faible ou peut-fitre 4 la särie s6mi«onciale TT belongs.

Ailly deals with this Dupondius Vol. II, p. 131 fg., Plate 55, 5, explains it, although the first sight has certain implications. arouse thoughts of authenticity, especially for “Tres- "authentique" because Hesse recognized that the piece had one Sextantar Ace served as a planchet. At Babelon will be the piece Vol. I, p. 62 ffg. mentioned; But when he says, “Mommsen regarde ce dupondius comme a dupondius faible du systems triental, may be the best class in the Pas systems oncial", the former is incorrect according to the above quote from Blacas. Lastly, this interesting coin is from Garrucci, Le Monete deir Italia antica p. 67 and plate 80 no. 1 shown. According to him, it is minted on a Roman semi. Since the Auction catalog of the Depoletti Collection, Rome 1882, not her contains more, it must be considered lost. This is very regrettable because it makes the decision whether we are really dealing with a real coin here, impossible. Friedländer, Repertory p. 63, also doubts this authenticity. 10. Triens to Ounce. Gew. 14,01 Gr. In the Paris cabinet.

Ailly vol. II, p. 176, plate 60 no. 13. The original of this triene is an ounce, its associated As can be calculated to 168.12 grams, i.e. according to Ailly the semi- libral footing or the first reduction. As second reduction allows Ailly to follow the quadrantare, to which Acceptance of the provisions listed above under Nos. 3-8 Embossings seem to fit very well. But now this one throws Triens minted on one ounce the whole hypothesis about the Heap, because the value of the ounce increases fourfold is not compatible with the assumption of a reduction of the As from

p. 70 · zoom original

Over-minted coins from the Roman Republic period. 77

Weight of the semi to its half, to that of the qaadran. Off This over-impression would rather require a reduction from the semilibral to a sextantar ace. . Ailly is looking to support its construction by a very forced explanation; In my opinion, he only confirms what was already stated above. The current view is that these overprints and value increases not as evidence of a law following the Libral Ace Lically introduced As from the weight of the semi or the quadran can apply.

Another confirmation of my opinion is:

11. Square without markings on half an ounce. Weight 3.07 gr. In the Paris cabinet. Ailly Vol. II, p. 190, Act 66 No. 9.

Here there is a sixfold increase in value. Ailly, very tellingly, refrains from discussing it this piece as it is inconsistent with his hypothesis.

12. Sextans to Ounce. Weight 6.32 gr. In the Paris Eabinet. Ailly vol. II, p. 203, plate 63 no. 15.

“Cette surfrappe est ä mes yeux,” says Ailly p. 203 this piece, “une new preuve de la succession immldiate et naturelle de l'as de deux sometimess 4 celui de trois", and used the same as confirmation of his views on the reduction of the As. But the matter is not correct, because the environment has Minting the ounce into a sextan means doubling the coinage worth taking place, while the Sextantar Ace was only two- is a third of an ace of three ounces. Was the original one Coin the ounce of a quadrantar ace, it was replaced by the Überprägung nun der Sextans eines Asses von 1 )£ Unzep Schwere, but not a two-ounce ace. Ailly helps here too like #10 above just out of embarrassment I mean But if you use the overprints, such as: B. No. 2-5, as evidence for the legal reduction of the coinage standard twice as much, so you have to be consistent and those too Observe and accept facts that go against the established one Speak hypothesis.

p. 71 · zoom original

78 M. Bahrfeldt:

13. Semis on Quadrans. Weight 15.57 gr.; very well preserved. In k. k. Coin Cabinet in Vienna.

14. Semis on Quadrans. Weight 6.06 gr. In my collection.

The coin is perforated and not well preserved; that The original was undoubtedly a fully important uncial quadran.

15. Sextans on Triens of the Lucer Mint ia, ^ on Hf. Weight 16.41 gr. In the Turin Coin Cabinet, Catalonia. Fabretti No. 138.

Fabretti says Note 1: “Questo sestante del diametro di millim. 28 and a peso d'assai superiore agli altri, fu coniato sopra un triente contrastistinto nel dr. con la lattera V: ha perciö tre globetti cosl nel dreito come nel rovescio". I have Doubts as to whether the original coin has been correctly identified here; it would at least be striking that a triens into a sextans, a coin was minted into an inferior one. Perhaps the original piece was one ounce, making the three little eggs find their explanation on both sides, if not about Mainly a Lucerinian quadrans of sextan type, Ailly plate 104 No. 4 - 5, available here.

16. As with a large star above the prora, overstamped on one Semis (?) of C. Clovius Saxula, C . SA (Friedlander, Magazine f. Num. Vol. IV, p. 347 after a sulfur paste).

This overprinting is important evidence of the chrono logy of coat of arms coins. In Samwer's story of the elder Roman coinage I have the weights on hand Münzen des Saxula dem sextantaren Kupferfusse und zwar der Period from 513-537 d. St. (241-217 BC), their Birthing time compared to the previous assumption is therefore significant am put on, the coins with the coat of arms star on the other hand, the Weights of the denarius and the associated copper increased judge, the period of light silver and uncial copper foot, d. h. the time after 537 d. St. (217 BC) to approx 554 d. St. (200 BC). These chronological The changes are replaced by the present overprinting. confirmed as desired. It proves 1) that monogrammatic

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Minted coins from the Roman Republic period. 79

written mintmaster names quite early on the coins appear and that their embossing does not only appear on the coat of arms coins followed and 2) that the Saxula's coins belonged to another heavier coin feet than those of the mint master the coat of arms star.

17. Denarius of Brutus with the processus, M.-Bl. No. 272b, signed minted on a Dioscure denarius without markings. In Royal Coin box Berlin, from the Niemegk find, written by J. Friedländer in the Märkischeforschung Vol. VII, p. 102 fg.

18. Quinar. Hf. Head of Apollo r. Rf. Victoria, the Tro- paeon wreathed, below ROMA, in field L, overstamped eine Münze, von deren Gepräge man einen weiblichen Kopf with which helmets can be recognized. The piece was owned Garrucci, who depicts it on plate 79 no. 13. Maybe it was the original coin of one of the ancient Dioscuri quinars, which, heavily worn, remained in circulation and now when Quinar of a new kind celebrated his resurrection.

II. Coins with CA. Subsidiary mint site CANusium.

19. As with CA, overstamped on a Roman anonymous page tens, with Riccio, Cat. p. 207, weighing about 1\oz = 33.41 gr.

So there is a six-fold increase in value before. Ailly does not mention this piece, intentionally?, because his theory would be applied to a beduction from the libral lead to the sextantar foot, but not his assumptions about it Confirm the sequence of reductions. At Garrucci Plate 82 No. 25 is also one that appears to have been overstamped As shown, but this is probably only one piece with a double hit. Further information is completely missing.

20. Semis, CA on both sides, like Ailly Plate 101 No. 6. Weight. 13.19 gr. In the Turin Museum. Catalog N. 36 No. 599. Supposedly overstruck on an ace. Fabretti limited refer to the short note when describing this coin

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30 M. Bahrfeldt:

“battuta sopra un asse*, but there will probably be more of the original piece not be visible. Here would therefore be a value reduction of the old coin by half; I am concerned about the improbability of such a situation stated above at No. 15. 21. Triens. Of the series with CA, the Triens is the most common Nominally and at the same time extremely often from others Coins minted. There are 1 2 copies in Berlin and of these 7 are re-stamped, of the 10 pieces in my collection also 7, Ailly Vol. U, p. 634 fg. ver- draws three overprints, the same number is located in Turin (Catal. Fabretti p. 36). Riccio mentions oats. p. 17 their 6 and according to the auction catalog of his collection P. 6 No. 80 he even owned 36 pieces. If you examine closely you can see it on almost every piece Find traces of an older coin and thus a top coinage determine. One can only assume that the remaining nominals of the Series with CA are quite rare, conclude that from some Basically a mass triene imprinting took place and In addition, the coins of the opposite country, which are widely circulated in the country, lying Greek cities of Acarnania and Epirus, etc., where there was therefore a lot of traffic were. If there are a lot of pieces, the original coin is the same but can no longer be determined with certainty. Are in Berlin three, on which one can see the types of coins of the city of Oeniadae with the head of Achelous, in Riccio, Cat. p. 17- if several 1 ) of the same city, one of them with the remains of the inscription. . . NIAAQI (Tä£ 5 No. 8), also in Ailly Vol. II, p. 634, plate 101 no. 8, in Garrucci p. 71, plate 82 no. 26 with QINIAAA(N), in the Coin Cabinet Amsterdam, Catal. Six and Enschede p. 42, weight 5.7 gr. Others in Ailly Vol. II, Plate 101 No. 9 and 10 with male head to the right, respectively. left, same thing

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1) But not 5, as Mommsen says on p. 491 no. 15 and Blacas Vol. II, P. 233 rewrites. Biccio: cinque altri trienti riconiati sopra monete di Epiro e di Oeniade Comp. also Mon. di Lucera 8. 4 note 14.

Over-minted coins from the Roman Republic period. gl

on two pieces of my collection, on which also the remains an inscription. . . P.I. . . can be recognized.

The half ounce minted in such a triens, Hf. female The head with a wall crown, Rf. Reiter, is described under No. 24. be spoken. — There are also in the Berlin cabinet overprinted with the types of this triene,

22. a Roman ounce (Friedländer a. a. 0. p. 334) and finally

23. Campanian copper piece. Hf. young head of the Hercules, Rf. Pegasus n. r., below Roma (compare Babelon Vol. I, p. 29 no. 41).

The chronology of the so-called Roman-Campanian The coins to which the original belongs have not yet been discovered secures. This is around 486 d. St. (268 BC) minted, in any case older than the coins with CA, the date of their origin time is fixed.

III. Top impressions on coins of Roman-Campanian origin

24. Hf Female head with wall crown to the right. RF rider to the right, wielding a whip, below ROMA, converted into one Triens of the secondary mint CA, formerly in Riccio's collection lung (vergl. Mon. di Lucera S. 4 Anm. 14, Cat. S. 11 und 17, Ailly Vol. II, p. 634/35, Mommsen, Münzw. p. 181 note 45, but where the original coin was incorrectly referred to as Triens is, uncontrolled, copied by Blacas, translation Vol. I, p. 190/91 note 4).

The views on the homeland of the original coin are very different. Mommsen, Münzw. P. 181 (transl. Vol. I, p. 190) is in agreement with Cavedoni (Bull. arch. Nap. Vol. II, p. 46) they are written in Apulian, Ailly Vol. I, p. 242 in Suessa. beat, so for campanic. Babelon shares the latter opinion Vol. I, p. 30, which lists them under the “monnaies romano-campaniennes* describes it without attributing it to a specific mint. assign. Ailly sees^ and, as it seems to me, with every right, in this piece a Semuncia consisting of Triens, Quadrans, Sei- ten and ounce existing series with the Centaur types

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Magazine fa*ffumiuBfttik. XDL fi

82M Bahrfeldt:

fight, charging bull, she-wolf with twins and head of rays. Babelon separates them from those four again according to ancient custom Nominal, without giving any particular reason for this. That the piece, which is quite comfortable in terms of type and weight That copper row fits, doesn't carry any value, can't from seeing half an ounce in it, because only in In isolated cases it is found on Roman half ounces at all a value symbol (e.g. in the rows with V and P).

Almost all of them are missing to determine the time of expression Clues, only the weight of the pieces, which in average cut is about 6 grams can be used. It This leads to an As of 150 grams, which was around 474 d. St. (280 BC) will have stood like this.

Since the coins with CA appeared soon after 537 d. St. (217 BC) will be minted - they belong to the uncial foot - , like this The re-coining of a much older coin took place here found, the following are also used to determine the time Overembossing can serve:

25. Old coin: Hf ray head. RF. Horse head with inscription CEAEX. New coin: the half coin described above ounce. (Fiorelli, Ann. di num. I, p. 122, plate I no. 3, Fried- länder, Wiener Num. Ztschr. I, p. 258/59.)

The coins of the Campanian city of Yelecha are after Friedländer's view around 280 BC. (474 AD), minted so that the half ounce struck on it would be slightly younger.

26. Old coin: the protruding half ounce. Neue Münze. Sextans with suffix Hasta on Rf. Pariser Eabinet. Ailly vol. II, p. 460, plate 87 no. 11.

The coins with the Hasta coat of arms on RF belong to the Judging by the weight of the silver and copper, it is one of them oldest of their kind and are not long after 486 d. St. (268 BC) was defeated. Between original and over* There is therefore no big age difference.

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27. Roman-Campanian Eupferstück: Hf head of Minerva n, 1., Rf horse head n. 1., inscription ROMANO, overstamped

Minted coins from the Roman Republic period. 83

on a coin from Suessa, of which, however, only one Part of the inscription SVES is visible. By Garrucci p. 60, Plate 77 No. 22 published based on the copy of Depoletti collection, probably No. 2304 of the sales catalog of this collection, but where the overprinting is not is particularly thought of. According to the position of the inscription The old coin was probably that of Garrucci plate 82 No. 39 pictured: Hf head of Apollo, Rf bull with Human head, Victoria flying above; in the section *VE*ANO.

This overcoinage is important for the assessment of the Roman Campanian coin provides some evidence. The coins of Suessa are after 441 d. St. (313 BC) was minted, the new one Coin is therefore younger. Both types came together with “plenty of uncial sextants without connotations* in one Antinum in the Marserland treasures, the Garrucci in in the bullet. 1860 p. 132 and hereafter Mommsen, Münzw. P. 857 Note on page 117 describes. The alleged sextants are Half ounces of an ace of about 120 grams, so before the time 486 d. St. (268 BC) and around the year 474 AD. St. (280 BC). Man wird nicht sehr fehlgehen, die Prä- The coin was issued with ROMANO around 454 AD. St. (300 BC).

28. Roman-Campanian Eupfer piece: Hj. Apollo's head to the right, Rf lion to the right, in the ROMANO section, overstamped on Coin from Luceria: Hj. Head of Neptune, Rf. Dolphin, bottom V (Garrucci plate 92 no. 28). In the museum church- rianum, weight 6.80 gr., in Garrucci p. 60, plate 77 no. 24, from Vicarello's treasure.

29. Quadrans. Rf Pushing bull to the right, above an ear of corn, below Snake and ROMA, minted on coin of Rhegium, on- Shining Apollo head n. 1. Only visible from the Ä/- inscription bar PH. Weight 10.91 gr. In the Paris Eabinet Ailly Vol. II, P. 238, plate 67 no. 11.

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30. Quadrans without inscription, also on a coin from Rhe- gium. Weight 12 gr. In k. k. Coin Cabinet in Vienna.

31. Quadrans as above No. 29, on a coin of Hiero. From the old stamp only visible lEPfi. Formerly in the Depoletti collection, but not included in the auction catalogue. specially mentioned. Published by Garrucci p. 62, Taf. 78 No. 8. Weight 7.80 gr.

The exact date of the Hiero coins is unfortunately impossible, so the overprinting here is for the time of creation this quadran cannot be used with the Taurus. This The weight of this multiple reduced nominal is listed here an uncial ace, i.e. the beginning of the Hannibalic War.

32. Quadrans of Venusia with the female veil covered head and >E, Rf. three crescents with stars, minted on a sextan from Luceria with the Roman ones Types and V under the Prora. (Fiorelli mon. ined. Plate I, 7.)

Friedländer, Ztschr. f. Num. Vol. IV, p. 333 says: “Venusia still retained its autonomous types when Luceria had already assumed Roman status. • This statement can be misunderstood. As we know, we have from Luceria coins with Roman types and after Roman Coin feet, marked with the letter 1% and those with own types. Both have nothing to do with each other. Those are the products of the Roman tributaries built in Luceria Mint, these are the coverings for the city used by the Romans coinage law left to a certain extent. Both embossings walked side by side and the latter with their own types didn't stop when the Roman secondary mint opened its doors Activity began, as can perhaps be seen from Friedländer's words could close.

Venusia, on the other hand, shaped, as far as our knowledge goes, only with your own types; there was a Roman tributary there Not a mint if you don't have those rare ones with one V next to the Prora marked coins (As to Sextans, without

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Minted coins from the Roman Republic period. 85

ounce; Ailly Vol. II, p. 760, Act 111 No. 1-5) as a product of one Der wants to accept the subsidiary mint built in Venusia Style of these coins is peculiar and to which P(uceria) would the V(enusia) forms the counterpart.

The semi-autonomous character of both cities came to an end, as well as that of the Roman secondary mint in Hannibal wars.

Upper coinage on Ptolemaic coins.

33. Quadrans without markings, weight 16.40 gr. K.k. coin cabinet in Vienna. Only the rest of the old coin remains the inscription. . OAEMAIOY visible.

34. Triens without symbol, weight 6.11 gr. E.k. Coin cabinet in Vienna. This piece also only has a part of it You can see the inscription I1TOAE

35. As with symbol T, weight 23.30 size. In the Paris cabinet, Ailly Vol. II, p. 756, plate HO No. 8. From the old style: Head, Rf. Adler, traces can be seen.

With the few best of the mint of the old coins It is not possible to determine which of the Ptolemies the same belongs to. are wise. The Quadrans, an Ace of 65.60 gr. accordingly, would come from the last years of the pure copper currency, i.e. shortly before 486 d. St. (268 BC), so that The original was probably coined by Ptolemy II (285-247 BC). can. The triens is weakly uncial, it corresponds to an ace of 19.33 gr., so it must be after 537 d. St. (217 BC). be, so that the original coin may have belonged to Ptolemy III could belong. Der As der nur aus Kupfernominalen be- standing row with T is slightly heavier than the normal weight of the uncial ace *), so it is shortly before the reduction of the two-ounce As8es, i.e. around 530 d. St. (224 AD), be shaped. The style and factory of the coins is entirely Roman, so that everything points to a capital influence. I have

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1) Average clay 25 aces 28.93 gr. Compare Samwer 8. 98 fg.

86 M. Bahrfeldt:

no explanation for the fact that Egyptian coins were minted here they can only find their way by chance found Rome.

Upper coinage on Sicilian coins.

a) On coins from Syracuse.

36th ounce without markings on the coin with the name of Hiero: Hf bearded head n. 1. Rf trident, next to it lEPfi'NOI (Brit. Mus. Sicily p. 218, no. 598 fg.). Two Specimens in the Paris cabinet. Weight 6.26 and 5.61 gr. Ailly vol. I, p. 134/135, plate 41 no. 10, 12. The former here- after repeated by Garrucci p. 67, plate 72 no. 25. — A Example in the Turin cabinet, weight 7.18 gr., catal. Fabretti No. 142.

37. Sextans without markings on the same coin. Two exem- plare in Paris Eabinet. Weight 4.68 and 4.53 gr. Aily Vol. II, p. 206, plate 63 no. 16 and 17.

38. Sextans with symbol flying Victoria on the same Coin. Weight 5.66 gr. In my collection.

39th ounce with ear of grain designation, apparently on the same coin. Weight 5.44 gr. In my collection.

40. Sextans with K next to it and the symbol ear above it Prora, on the same coin. The head n. 1. and from the Inscription EP»ftN clearly visible. In the Oak Museum rianum, made known by Garrucci p. 70, plate 81 No. 20. Weight 8 sizes.

41. Triens with tt and ear of wheat on coin of Jerome. Hf Head of the King n. 1. Rf Thunderbolt (Brit. Mus. Sicily p. 221, no. 645 fg.). Weight 7.8 gr. In the royal Coin box Berlin.

42. Sextans with K* and ear of corn on: Hf. Head of Poseidon, RF. Trident (Brit. Mus. Sicily p. 224, no. 670 fg.). From the Inscription visible .... KOII and below *l . Weight 5.5 gr. In the royal Coin box Berlin.

Minted coins from the Roman Republic period. 87

43. Triens with tt and ear on: HJ. Lauded head of the Apollo n. 1. Rf. The Dioscuri riding n. r. (Brit. Mus. Sicily p. 225, no. 678). From the inscription in section visible IYPAK . . . Weight 10.49 gr. In the Paris cabinet. Ailly Vol. II, p. 407, Tai 82 No. 5. There are overprints of Syracusan coins here, which belong to two different times. To one are to count the pieces described above under numbers 36-39, which in terms of weight lead to the sextantar ace and undoubtedly coined during the First Punic War are, - on the other hand, the pieces nos. 40-43, which all- borrowed the monogram \t along with the symbol “Ear of Grain”. For The chronological determination of these coins is the imprints are particularly important. The original pieces come from the last years of the reign of Hiero (f 216), that of the Hiero- nymus (f 215) and the years that followed became more autonomous Domination. So the coins with tt and ear of wheat have to go be shaped by this time; There is therefore no doubt that that the recoinage took place in 212 BC. BC, in which Syracuse fell into the hands of the Romans, happened, or at least soon afterwards. “All parts of the branch with the ear are Sicilian,” says Fried- länder, Ztschr. f. Num. Vol. IV, p. 336. The correctness of this I have to doubt the claim, taken so generally I admit that the home of the coins is with tt and ear of corn Sicily can be searched. The rows with tt and CA become often thrown together. The home of the latter is without Question Canusium, in whose area there are still many pieces of this type can be found and in what place than on the shore of the Adriatic Sea, including those listed above numerous overprints of Greek coins from the west coast point out. The coins with fc, on the other hand, show you completely different, raw style and through this and through their lack of a sudden, hasty production. Ailly's assumption (vol. H, p. 409 fg.) that these coins were in... Capua must be rejected as incorrect

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become 1) - They belong to the uncial foot and could therefore be between 217 BC. BC, the year of the leadership of the uncial foot, and 216 BC. BC, the year of the in the case of Capuas, be coined. This is contradicted by the reports coinage not before 215 BC. BC may have taken place and probably 212 BC took place.

Afterwards I will introduce two more from Ailly. written overprints on:

44. Ace with td and ear of wheat, supposedly over-stamped on a Roman cal quadran. In the Paris cabinet. Weight 10.50 gr. Aily Vol. II, p. 405, plate 81 no. 17, and

45. Semis with C and ear, supposedly not on another Roman coin to be determined in more detail. In the Paris Eabinet. Weight 14.67 gr. Ailly Vol. II, p. 402, plate 81, 14.

b) On Carthaginian-Sicilian coins.

46. Half ounce, head of Mercury, Rf Prora without stamp, on Hf head of Demeter, Rf horse in front of a palm tree. Weight 6.75 gr. Ailly Vol/I, p. 114. From the collection Lagoy.

47th ounce with the symbol ear of grain above the prora, on: Hf like before, Rf Standing horse, turning its head back. Weight 6.77 gr. In the Paris Cabinet Ailly Vol. H, p. 399, Plate 81 No. 8. Ibid. p. 400, plate 81, 9 apparently one similar piece, 4.05 gr.

48. Triens ohne Beizeichen auf: Hf. Männlicher Kopf n. 1. RF Prora. Weight 5.25 gr. In the Paris cabinet. Aily Vol. II, p. 181, plate 63 no. 3.

49. S ext ans without annotation on: Hf. Head of Demeter. Rf Taurus n. r., above a large star (Mionnet Vol. I, p. 417, no. 394). Two copies in the Paris Cabinet. Weight 3.92 and 3.90 gr. Ailly Vol. H, p. 206, plate 64 No. 3-4 and p. 286, plate 71 no. 15.

1) Yergl. also Samwer, Elderly Mfunzwesen 8. 196.

■ ■

Minted coins from the Roman Republic period. 89

Minted on the same coin by Panormus:

50. Sextans of the secondary mint mark C to the right of the prora. Six copies, four of which are in the Paris cabinet, weight 4.09, 3.68, 3.30 and 3.20 gr. AiUy Vol. II, p. 629, plate 100 no. 17 up to 20; two in my collection, weight 4.32 and 4.54 gr.