Zeitschrift für Numismatik, vol. 17 — 1890

The inscription on the carpet is, in black letters: LEONHART THVRNEVSSER ZVM THVRN CHVRFVRSTICER BRANDENBVRGISHER BESTALTER LEIBS MEDICVS. HAS THIS CARPET COMMEMORATES HIS HEIRS SEYN DARBEY ZV HAVE IT MADE ANNO 1578. Around the coat of arms it says: VERVM DECVS IN VIRTVTE POSITVM EST QVAE MAXIME ILLVSTRAToJ MAGNIS IN REFVB: MERITIS; on the pillars on the left: TIME BRINGS AWARD OF HONOR and on the right FESTINA LENTE.

Whether from other monuments from the rich Thurn household

256 A V. Sallet:

I don't know if there's anything left. At least ours are Medal like the carpet, precious and for history Highly important pieces of cultural history of our fatherland.

It is gratifying for me to receive the Thurneisser medal one previously from me (i.e. through my mediation and assistance) effort) for our long-acquired piece to the side which we received from a provincial collection in exchange ■ was left: the beautiful cast medal of the Berliner Doctor Placcus (Stain) and his wife:

MATHiEVS FLACCVS M(edicus) PHYSICVS BER Bust with beret l, in the arm section: i«T ■ 32 Rf. REGINA SCHIRMERIN VXOR ■ D -M ■ F • ^TATI: 24 Bust IM. gold plated. Plate V, No. 4.

Our seal collection was supported by a number of good ones Pieces multiplied. The most important thing is:

1) As von Thurneisser is touched by Mr. HsgiBtratssecretair Fcrd. Heyer (Vosb Zeitung from October 30, 1690) But the following issue« in the Kloslerkirche in Rcriin mentioned: a picture with an inscription in deatscheD Verses from the epitaph of his second wife (1575) and a metal one Baptismal font with the inscription: Let the little children come to me, etc.

The King's Acquisitions Coin cabinets until April 1, 1889. 257

+(F)REDERIC9 DEI • GRA -ROMANORY • IMPERATOR AVG— S The emperor with crown, scepter and imperial apple, half its body over a city wall. RJ. +ROMA CAPVT • MVNDI • REGIT • CRBIS • FRE^A ROTVNDI view of Rome; you can clearly see that Colosseum; in the Colosseum: AVREA, in the Thor ROMA

K This beautifully preserved piece is made from thin gold sheet Certainly only a few copies have survived. One was in the Gr6au collection, another is on a document of the Royal State archives. The emperor appears as in the miniature of the manual presented as a gift to the Emperor Barbarossa scripts in the Vatican Library (good illustration at Stacke, German History I) with the relief of Saint Zeno Reichenhall (Knackfuss, German Art History I, p. 186) and slightly bearded on the seals; As is well known, always on the coins unbearded except for one found by me and for Our collection acquired Odcnwald bracteates, which shows the emperor with a mustache. The view of Rome on the reverse the golden imperial seals have in common: so e.g. B. Charles IV (Stacke, German History I, p. 624), Sigis mund (magazine for Christian art, published by Schnütgen I, 1888 p. 42), Frederick III. (ibid. p. 51). This beautiful view view of Rome on our seal leaves clearly in the middle recognize the Colosseum, everything else is just a styUsirt-sym- metric, not true-to-life image; the Thor with ROMA in the Opening could be the Arch of Titus. Similar representations, but even more untrue, the others mentioned bear gold seals the later emperor. —

Among the other acquisitions of our heraldic shields division is a beautiful French silver seal stamp of "Jehan de Villers" with a helmeted coat of arms, for example from the Mid-15th century, worth mentioning.

A.V. Sallet.

The mint masters of the Galimala and money changers guild

in Florence.

In the struggle for state power in Florence, the seven upper guilds gradually rose to the top of the government; Ricord. Malespini (Muratori R. I. S. VIII c. 183)^) counts them in his Istor. Fiorent in 1266 with a blazon of their military flags on:

1. The judges and notaries: in B. a G. star.

2. The Kauflevte of Calimala \ in R. an O.Adler on

or dealers with French. Cloth^)l one S.Ball.

}

1) R. Malespini 1. c: “ ciascheduno delle sette Arti maggiori di

“Firenze avessono Gonsoli, e ciascheduDO avesse suoi Gonfaloni, e insegna, «acciocchö se nella city si levasse alcuno con forza, sotto il loro Gk>nfalone, “fossono alla difesa del populo e del community: 1) e la insegna de Giadici e “Notai, fu il campo azzuro entrovi una Stella grande ad oro: 2) quella di “mercatanti di Galimala, cio6 di panni Franceschi, fu il campo rosso oon “una aquila d'ora sopra uno torsello white: 3) quella de' Gambiatori fii il nCampo roBso entrovi seminati fiorini d'oro isparti: 4) quella deU' Arte della ^Lana uno montone bianco nel campo vermiglio: 5) quella de' Medici e Spe- “Ziali, the vermiglio camp entrovi a figura of the Virgin Mary col figUulo “in braccio: 6) quella de' Setajuoli, the campo white with a porta rossa per The title of Porta Santa Maria: 7) and the source of Peuiciai, a vai nell' one nCanto uno Agnus dei bianco e '1 campo azzuro.**

3) According to Filippi, Parte dei merc. from Galimala in Firenze and the pin ans. Statuto (from 1301) p. 31, preserves the National Museum del Bargello in Florence 2 seals of the Galimala guild. The first carries a gate in the field the inscription f S. DE LA DRAPERIA DI GHALIMALA ; the second is easy S. Jobannes with a cross in his hand is on the right oin eagle, below the city coat of arms “the lily**; the inscription reads: MERGATORUM-ARS-FLORENTIE. A silver-gilt seal stamp cost about 4 gold guilders; see Emiliani Giudici, Sturgeon. d. com. ital 1866

S. Alexi: The mint masters of the Calimala and money changers guild in Florence. 259

3. The changers: R. sown with gold flowers.

4. The Clothmakers or

v

TT- ^1 -^ • 1. ,!• u rr 1. • ^^ P- ^''^ S. Sheep. Dealer with domestic cloth

5. The doctors and spice dealers: in P. the Mother of God with the son.

6. The silk traders: in S. a R.Thor with the inscription: Porta Santa Maria.

7. The furriers: in B. Feh; in a crossing a S.Agnus dei.

Join these named ones, thereby closing the guilds, in the further course 14 lower ones: the butchers, shoemakers makers, blacksmiths, junk dealers, stonemasons, wine taverns, innkeepers, Fat dealers, upholsterers, harness makers, locksmiths, carpenters people, belters and bakers; cf. Statuta Florent. a. 1416, ord. just. a. 1292, 1, 423.

However, the distinguished and rich always have Calimala^ Cloth merchants ^) and money changers had an outstanding influence on

B III, Statute of the Art of Calimala (from 1331) 1. III r. XXXII: “Lo Buggello This type of Calimala is made from new golden silver, and this is the camar- «lingo della detta Arte che sarä dell' aoue prossimo che viene, lo facia "fare, e possa donore della pecunia deU' Arte nel detto suggello "quattro ^fiorini cforo** o in quel torno."

1) Calimala =Callis malus refers to the one inhabited by these Eaufleaten District and is a street name that was already in use in the 10th century Tuscan cities; cf. UüUmann, Städtewesen III, 334-336; Filippi, I.e. p. 2; also Emiliani - Giudici 1. c. 1. II r. IX: “Calimala s'intende essere e nSia la ruga di Calimala e ogni altro luogo ove ö alcuna bottega o fondaco d'alcuno mercatante delP Arte di Calimala.'* — Great question here in Numismat. scoreboard v. J. 1870/72 III, 72 to: “In Florence , were clay from the mid-13th century to the mid-16th Two “officiales monetae**” were elected every 6 months, the first of which was “pro arte “Kaliismale** (Eallismalae), the other was called “pro arte cambii**. If “the latter apparently responsible for the financial administration of the mint “Department seems to have been determined, so the former "Probably had to direct the technical department. But what “Does the word mean “callismale”? Du-Cange (ed. Henschel) wrote about it “nothing more than an excerpt from Stat. ant. Florent.: Septem majores “artes, videlicet ars judicum et notarium, ars mercatorum Calismalae “Francischae etc. but this without any further explanation; the ars is also missing "Calismalae in the register of artes. It appears to be an ars mercatorum

260 p. Alexi:

economic policy, etc. exercised on the Zecca operation, since the mint masters were taken from their guilds had to be. This can be done with almost certainty according to the coin book described in detail below by the Gold floral coinage (a. 1252) may date even earlier; the However, direct evidence can only be found in the statute of the people's capital man's V. J. 1321. 1. I r. XLVI at Pilippi 1st c. p. 34 to buy bring: ^De duobus dominis monete eligendis per capitudines "Septem maiorum artium." “Statutum et firmatum est quod “domini monete auri et argenti sint duo, scilicet unus Merca- “torum Kallismale et alius sit Campsorum et eligantur per “capitudines Septem maiorum artium civitatis Florentie et eoram “officium duret per sex menses tantum et habeant salarium tri- "ginta lib. f. p. pro quolibet eorum, et campsor sit dominus una “vice de campsoribus existibus in foro novo, et alia vice de “campsoribus existibus in foro veterinary, nee possint ipsi domini “vel aliquis eorum stare sive morari cum sententiatoribus quando “fricatur sive sententiatur dictum aurum in moneta mictendum, “et ipsi sententiatores teneantur non pati quod ipsi domini “monete nee aliquis eorum seu aliqua alia persona morentur “sive moretur cum ice tempore fricationis et sententiationis pre- “dicte, et quod dominus defensor ydoneam cautionem ad minus “de mille marchis argenti recipiat a predictis dominis monete “et sententiatoribus et quod predicti domini monete nihil possint “accipere de aliquo flor. inciso vel aliquo modo ultra dictum “salarium pro jure sui salarii” — ^).

“But it has nothing to do with the technology of coinage. Where “and how can you get information about this?**

1) The in , Statuta Florent. a. 1415. T. III, 45** located parallel passage “reads: “Domini monctae auri et argenti sint duo, videlicet unus mercator “calismalae et alius campsor, et eorum offitium duret per sex menses . . . «Et iUe mercator calismalae poncre debeat siguum in florenis, et monetis "aureis. Et alter qui est campsor ponat Signum in moneta argentea . . . • “Et habeant salarium, prout soUtum et consuetum est. Nee possint ipsi “domini, vel aliquis eorum stare, sive morari cum smantoribus quando fri- “catur, sive smantatur aurum in moneta mittendum . . . Possint etiam dicti “domini monctae, eisque liceat, teneantur et debeaut quandocumque eisdem

The mill masters of the Calimala and money exchange guild in Florence. 261

The coin book mentioned falls apart, as Gorius already noted, in two parts: the first contains one from the historian and current mint master Johannes Villani in collaboration with his colleague Gherardus Gentilis i. J. 1317 written Register of the mint masters and their gold floral marks, as well of the subordinate Zecca officials for d. J. 1281; 1287; 1303 until 1317; the second part a v. J. 1317—1600 continued similarly written roll, which incorporates various coinage laws are braided. The older authors of Florentine monetary history, Borghini (Discorsi 1585 p. 189 and 245-250) and Vetturini (il fior. d'oro 1738 p. 46, 381, 396) only knew a copy of the first part, while Manni (osserv. etc. sigil. ant. 1740 IV, 76 and 77) already the coin book, “si conserve tuttora nella Cancelleria deir Art«** quoted; the printing was carried out by Gorius in Argelatus, De mon. Italian 1752 IV, 27-71, and brought the improved text Orsini in his Istor. d. Mon. fior. 1760. —

Villani and Gherardus have made a real effort to help you It was important for them to make the register as complete as possible this, as they say in the introduction, is already impossible*): >,. . . “Sapientes Viri Joannes Villani et Gherardus Gentilis Cives et

«dominis videbitur, seu videretur smantores dictae monetae non esse in sman- ,tara auri sufficienti, seu idoneos eligere et deputare et nominare tertium “smantorum illam personam, quam crediderint fore sufficientem in officio nSupradicto. Quae persona sit smantor una cum duobus talibus smantoribus, ,ac etiam duos homines, quos crediderint sufficientes in saggiatores et pro «saggiatoribus monetae argenteae. Qui eligendus in tertium smantorem, et nSaggiatorem monetae argenteae una cum dictis aliis you eligendis possint, »eisque liceat dictum tale officium exercere, et in tali offitio habeant illam ,baliäm, auctoritatem, et potestatem, et offitium quod, et quam snpra habet «dicti duo smantores auri, et quam habet saggiator argenti pro tempore, quo “eisdem dominis videbitur, et cum salario consueto ....**

1) Joseph, hist-critic. Bschrbg. d. Bretzenh. Goldglf. p. 15 - 16, assumes that the entire series of mint masters and their gold floral symbols are in order Binic reprint is included, while from the time B.C. 1252 - 1317 only those Mint masters of the years stated above and in total only 100 gold florets characters are known, but their number is actually 65 X^ = ^^^. The Conclusion that the new finds are missing from the coin book Carrying accompaniments (p. 20, N. 56-64), which are accompaniments, is therefore invalid.

262 8. Alexi:

“Mercatores Plorentini erant pro Communi et Populo Florentino ^Domini et Officiales Monetae Auri et Argenti et Legarum, ad “quas pro dicto Communi cuduntur Monete et discreti viri “Bartolus Fey et Ganus Filius Dietaiuti erant pro dicto Oom- “muni Rimettitores dicte Monete Auri, et Morellus Tommasini “et Bosone filius Junete erant Sententiatores dicte Monete Auri ^et Lapus q. Philippi erat pro dicto Communi Sagiator et

“Approbator Monete Argenti, seu Legarum /n-

j^fraacriptum est Registrum^ et Liber continena Dominos et Offi- jidales dicte Monete qui reperi potuerunt, et Signa, que fecerunt “seu fieri fecerunt in Moneta Auri, vel Argenti predicta, ae y^etiam Signa reposita in Florenis Auri coniatis in dicta Monela y^de quorum tempore^ et Dominis^ et Of/icialibus quorum tempore y. facta sunt non bene potest reperiri memoria^ et scriptum per me Jam dictum Salvi notary. Monete predicte .... a. 1317, indict. 15 de mense Martii."

As can be seen, the authors refer to themselves as mercatores, which leaves it undecided which upper guilds belonged to the same; but also this or another designation Information is missing from the register of their mint masters, and only v. J. 1339 ab is in the role of the Calimala or Wechslerznnft dem Added names of the mint masters: the lists are just inaccurate led, because a document from Johannes Yillani writes in 1327 - who was once again mint master this year - the Cali- mala guild and his colleague Barth. Siminetti the change learning guild. The relevant document is (Strehlke, Urk. e.g. March d. Königr. Naples in Berl. Sheet f. M. S. and W. I, 312): "a. 1327. King Robert's son, Duke Carl of Calabria, “Signore of Florence, writes to Johannes Villani pro arte “Calis male and Bartholomeus de Siminetti per arte cambi, “that he gave them the “officium” for 6 months (from November 1st). “faciendum cudi monetam Florcntiae^ given after they “an oath to uphold the honor of the court and the republic "filed. "Ecce vero Gieppum Gieri Jamboni et magistrum “Paulum Mentiui artefices, continuos nostros, simmatores aori

The masters of the Calimala and money exchange guild in Florence. 263

^et argenti, quod per cudenda dicta pecunia ad siclam perveniet, ^per yos duximns deputandos recepto prius ab eis solito in tali- »bus juramento, qaorum cuilibet salarium libraram triginta flore- ^Dorum parvorum pro dicto tempore sex mensium providimus »statuendum. Et insuper Giudaciam Buonacursium et Corsum »Gambii de Florentia remissores auri et argenti in sicia predicta npenes vos presentium series duximns statuendum^ with the Ge- "hold their predecessors. The notary Bartholus Maczarelli from “Florence should be par for the six months “librarum 30 florenorum” received “vorum”. All necessary expenses are to be paid from the proceeds “are disputed. — Reg. Caroli illustris 1327 A. anni XIae “indictionis p. 42.** —

But not only in the Zecca patronage^ ), also in the Aichung being, in the swearing in of the exchange clerks and in lawsuits Both guilds go hand in hand. The related We give excerpts from the Calimala statutes synoptic again:

(Füippo, Stat. Cal. a. 1301.) l.nir. XXX VIII. The Consuls and 3 guild members should be in January after the iron guild elle aichen the other ells; the Elle found to be wrong broken and the owner be punished with Cß.

1st v r. XX. The Sensale, the Provincial pennies and bills of exchange should close their con- Suln swear that they will be loyal

(Emiliani-Giudici, Stat. Cal. a 1331.)

1. 1 r.XXX, XXXL In January or February the consuls the Florentine Ellen after the Calimala- Elle and the weights according to the weights of the changers (co' pesi de' Cambiatori) aichen etc.

1. II r. I. The consuls shall in January the exchange sensals swear that they do their business loyal to both parties

1) According to Zanetti, Mon. e zec. d'Ital. V, 394 the merchant and money exchange guild in Bologna and Rimini, also in Vienna the Fl&minger (=f&rber) and Laubenberren (= cloth merchant) with the MOnzerbaucomrades; etc. Karajan, contribution to Qesh. d. state district law MQnze Vienna i. Middle Ages. in ChmeF's Easterr. Historian I, 281, 288 a. 489.

264

8. Alexi:

to drive; who doesn't swear wants, is not allowed (sia divietato dell'Arte).

way for both parties average; the exchange fee should of 100 iS provigin. from Buyer and Seller XII den. fl. parv. be.

1. II r. XXXVI. The Consuls should with the consuls of the Changers agree that the mercator Kallismale his Lawsuit against the money changers bring the consuls of the latter and vice versa; in front of others curias should not bring them become.

Before we now take a closer look at the work of the mint masters the head of the sealing booth should also be remembered; us meet this official who is typical of large monetary transactions anyway first in Florence. The named — a goldsmith by profession - bagged Goldflorene ; these sealed money Sacks then circulated like our previous Thaler routes. Also The election of this official was carried out by the board of directors, i.e. h. councilors and assessors, the entire merchant guild; cf. T. Tozzetti, del fior. di sigillo in mem. etc. d. soc. col. II, 178. Ordinance of December 6, 1324 and Statuta Florent. a. 1415. III, 47.

As we can see from the above-mentioned quotations of the Statute of People's Captain v. J. 1321" and "the Statuta Florent. a. 1415. III, 45", elected the boards of directors of the top seven Guild two mint masters each with one salary for six months of 30 pounds flor. parv. The one, a Calimala cloth merchant, stood for gold coinage, the other, a money changer, the silver embossing. Both were superiors of a large civil service personales, which according to “Statuta Florent. a. 1415. III, 53** had to promise them: de parendo mandatis dictorum domi-

The MODzmeisters of the Calimala and Wechsler guild in Florence. 265

noruro monetae tarn presentium quam futurorum et de non sepe- rando a civitate Florentiae, yel ejus districtu, sine expressa licentia dictorum dominorum monetae. To this staff heard among others: The auditors (remittitores auri), super auditors (sententiatores auri), tempter or tester = burner (saggia- tores seu approbatores arg.), Schroter (simmatores), Schmelzer (smantores) or casters, setters, adjusters (adrizzatores), Workers (operarii or ovrieri), the iron digger, cashier, Street boy and eagle keeper

Gain insight into the minting technology and wage conditions we through the regulation v. J. 1332 about the black coin

from the coin book at Orsini, 1st c. p. 47: “Expense

“Vero que fleri debent per dicta Moneta fienda, et quas habere ^debent Officiales qui in predictis Operam dabunt, sunt hoc ^videlicet: Imprimis quidem Operarii dicte Monete quo vulga- n riter dicuntur Ovrireri habeant de qualibet libra dicte Monete “quam fecerint 23 d. p.: Adrizzatores dicte jAonete habeant de ^qualibet libra dicte Monete quam sie adirizzaverint 4 d. p.: «Monetarii vero habeant de qualibet libra dicte Monete 8^d. "p.: Fonditores habeant de qualibet libra dicte Monete 2 d. p.: ^Gasserius vero, sive Officialis qui moratur ad Gassam Argenti “habeat pro suo salario sex mensium pro integre salario totius sui “Officii 60 ÄJ d. p.: Puer vero qui moratur ad servitium Gasse n Argenti et Parvorum habeat pro dicto tempore sex mensium “pro integre salario suo 15 ^ d. p.: Ille Saggiator qui ad “dictum Officium deputatur habeat pro integre et toto suo salario “per dicte tempore sex mensium 30 €6 d. p.: Ille vero qui ^depntator ad custodium Garbonorum habeat pro integre et toto “suo salario dicti temporis 15 ^ d. p.: Datus Juncte, qui depu- “tatus est ad intagliendum et scultiendum ferra cum quibus cudi “debet dicta Moneta et alia Moneta parva seu Piccioli, et Moneta “Argenti, habeat pro totali salario suo dicti temporis sex men- "sium 85 a d. p." '). —

1) The value was: 1 gold fl. « 3^d. p.

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Both these wages and that in 1326 already Documented salary of a gold crusher who deals with that of a domini monetae obviously show that the office the Florentine mint master an honorary position, or rather a The duty imposed on the guild members was to report on the orderly to ensure moderate expression of money. The chosen ones, mostly belonging to the noblest and richest families, In any case, they paid little attention to their service income: as partners or merchants, they had the greatest vested interest in one honest coin policy. An example may serve for many. The Johann Villani, who is often mentioned here and was only of limited means, was there 2000 U fl. p. with Filippo d'Amideo de' Peruzzi a. 1300—1308 active and silent partner until 1342; when he did that in 1308 When he left the Peruzzi house, he joined Bonacorsi and became involved its fallissement a. 1345 in the debt tower. —

The profession is quite different in nature of the Florentine mint abroad; here he appears as Concurrent of the Jew either as a mint tenant, or as himself* active mint master. In the latter case he does it Works invoice, takes care of the affinage and therefore has to have a gold must have been a blacksmith by profession, whose approximate come from the von Dittmer in Ztschft. f. Lübeck. business I, 39, 75, 77 published notes can be determined. The gold blacksmith RolflF Guhde cuts for the urban (Florentine) Mint master Peter Salemben a. 1363 “45coin iron^ and receives daftlr 39 aureos or 390 ü lüb. ; takes over two years later Guhde's office and receives from the gold aflnage per Mk. half a gold guilder. The same coined i. J. 1365 round 32,500 gold bottles = 465 Mh O and therefore received an income from 232 ^ Goldfl. ; one estimates the gradient of the silver coin and the coin iron in the same amount, his total amount was income of almost 500 gold fl.

Voigt, description d. bohemian. Mz. n, 93 that the Florentines a. 1300 were called to Prague because only they were able to cut beautiful stamps

The mint masters of the Calimala and money changers guild. 269

and to spend money piecemeal; Halke (Introduction i. d. Stud. d. Numism. 2nd Ed. p. 119) writes this down without further ado. From seen that in Lübeck the German goldsmith Guhde the Florentine mint master Salemben who cuts the iron*), says also Voigt's informant, the chronicler Franciscus, in the Chron. Prague. c. 13 only; “Rex misit Florentiam per viris idoneis et du- ^cretüj qui venientes ad mandatum regis novum numisma fabri- "caverunt. Anno igitur 1300 mense Julio moneta fuit facta “grossorum Pragensium et denariorum parvorum.** —

From the above table of Florents operating abroad. The strange fact arises from the mint master that in... 14th century the most common types of money in Germany “der Prague and Meissner groschen, the Etsch cruiser, the Swabian Häller and Lübische Floren** were coined by Florentines").

1) Barth elemy (]. mon. de France s. Saint Louis, in WaUon, Saint Louis Tours 1878 p. 501 - 502) gives the East price of the Paris penny Tom 13th year: Louis IX buys a. 1265 for 40 ^ paris. that of H. Piastrart and whose descendants a. 1225 granted the right to the Iron Moneta Paris. to dig; the minters should tres solidos de singulis duobus trosselis et una pila, therefore for 2 upper and 1 lower stamp a total of 9 ß paris. or IP^^turon. pay. — In Lübeck the cost is i. J. 1363 3 stamps each 26^ lueb. The price difference is real, as the coins are almost over agree:

1 den. turon. contained 1 Gm at a rough weight of 1.1. [220 ^ al Mk,

Troyes = 244.75 Gm.] and fineness of 3 d. 18 gr. = 0.347 Om.

fine ^; 1 lb. ^ with a rough weight of 0.473 Gm. [504 ^ al Mk.

Ludovic. = 238.4 Gm.] and fineness of 11 Loth = 0.325 Gm. fine ([.

The increased price follows from the quality of the irons; Guhde delivers to

Theil Floreneisen, whose finer cut increased the cost price.

2) Friedensburg, v. SaUet Z. f. N. XY, 231, says in his review the 2nd volume of the city's document book written by Hubert Ermisch Freiberg in Saxony, Cod. dipl. Saz. reg. XUI, 2nd Hpth.: “We learn "Know the masters who worked here - among them, as in so “Many other German countries around 1360 also had several “Italians — etc.** Documents would be more desirable than this flourish of words evidence; hopefully d. G. makes up for what was missed and fills the previous existing gaps!

S. Alexi.

Muhammedamsclier coin find from Pinnow.

In the spring of 1890, Mr. v.'s workers found Behr Pinnow in one of Pinnow's estates, on the banks of the river Peene in the Stettiner Hafif, peat bogs a larger one Number of Muhammadan coins that were minted without any external surroundings casing lay a foot deep underground. Most These coins still bore the immediate traces of one fire itself. — Same as almost all of the Baltic ones Countries, as well as any Muslim made in Europe This one also consists exclusively of coin finds Silver coins, several hundred in total, of which unfortunately Here too, as elsewhere, the greater part only in multiples very small, therefore no longer identifiable fragments is preserved.

As far as can be determined, the coins of the time belong to the first decades of the Ghalifi Empire up to the year 249 d. H (=863 AD). Because of the similar finds Mostly represented very numerously, but none at all in the following decades Coin finds, we can probably assume that the present one Found in the earth between the years 865 and 875 AD came and is therefore one of the oldest in the north Finds made in Europe can be described; because that Most of them only date back to the 10th century*). — Various cities appear as minting places from the outermost

1) About filtered finds cf. A. Erman: “Found by Camiti** in Vol. VII pag. 131 ff. of this Ztschr. — Compare also: G. Jacob: The Nordic-Baltic one Trade of the Arabs in the Middle Ages. Leipzig 1887. page 29 ff.

H. Nützel: Mnbammedan manz find from Pinnow. 271

East of the Khalifa Empire (Ma'den- e§- SäS) to Morocco (Wallla).

In the possession of the Egl. Coin collections in Berlin are over the find, partly as a sign of the goodness of the Lord v. Behr Pinnow indebted gift, 17 copies (including 7 Inedita) transferred, the exercises are still in the possession of the just mentioned gentleman. —

Below is a general overview of the whole thing find, as well as a more detailed description of the strangest ones Pieces of the same given.

Sassanids.

Find from Muhammadan coins with Sassanid type They are called small fragments. Leave on most of the same Arabic characters can still be recognized, but all of them are The pieces can no longer be determined in more detail.

Umayyads.

Hamadan year 80 d. H. (almost completely preserved'). Diameter 25mm. Inditum.

Common Umayyad type.

Hamadän can be found as a minting place of the Sassanids Bahram V (420-440 AD) through almost all centuries through to our time. As the earliest date for the after Dirhem minted in Hamadan during 'Abd-ulmelik's coinage reform was previously only documented in the year 90 by this coin Hamadan proves to be one of the oldest Umayyads Mints. —

1) In the following, only the coins described in more detail are used. be given whether they are complete or preserved as a fragment.

272

H. Natzel:

Wasit year 95, 105, 108, 121, 125, 126 (2 copies), 129, 130, as well as 7 copies on which the year is not preserved -

Due to individual fragments without a preserved date represented: Armtnija, Darabgard (^-^. . .), Naisäbür (?)

On one very small fragments are of the marginal writing of Av. only the letters — .^L are preserved, which probably only Aderbeigän can be supplemented. Umayyad coins, dated Aderbeigän (name of the landscape around Lake Urmia, whose capital Ardebtl), are very rare; so far there are only two known from the years 105 and 106 (Tiesenh. *) No. 520 and 527; the former also in Lav.') No. 428), which therefore also Frähn: Recensio pag. 12 f. No. 52 and 54 as “rarissim. notabilissim.*' referred to.

Year 94, location not preserved.

Tanbük (?) year 133. (Complete, ext.). diameter 26 mm, Weight 3.24 gr. Ineditum.

This coin is the most interesting piece of the entire find. It shows the usual Umayyad type; however, there are between the circular lines, the field and edge writing of the Av. enclose« separated from each other by four rings, the words:

o mJ o 3) o ^^fA^. o J

what saying can only be found on a dirhem? Küfa from the year 128 can be found (at Ties. No. 687).

1) W. Tiesenhausen: Monnaies des Khalifes Orientaux. St. Peters Burg 1873.

2) H. LaToix: Gatalogue des MoDDaies MusnlmaDes de la Biblioth^ae National. Paris 1887.

Muhammadan coin find from Pinnow. 273

As for the name of the place of mint, read it

Mr Go. Hofrath Prof. Stick el in Jena ^^^jJ3^), which is located at

Jaküt I pag. 786 as one located between ..^l^jf and jf j-a-ä

City, also in him Chordadbeh pag. 45 and in Kitäb el - Boldän p. 202. recorded finds. However, this reading seems to me not necessarily safe: firstly, the third prong of the Word so far above the others that the same according to Given the entire written structure, it is hardly for a ..., but rather for a J

is to be held ; Furthermore, the fifth letter also seems more likely

j to be a ^. However, I was able to

Haven't been able to find a suitable name yet. — Immediately strange as by the place this coin is also by the year. The The Umayyad type is otherwise only found up to the year 132 d. H. ; from the year 133 was the same until now (according to another Message from the Lord Go. Hofrath Stickel) alone through one Coin from Merv represented. — - This is probably the case Coin minted by a governor who founded the new dynasty had not yet recognized the 'Abbasids, but instead followed After the fall of the Umayyad rule, they became independent for a short time received. That's why he also kept his own coins in his every if only small town shape, which neither before nor after owned a mint.

In addition, around 35 fragments, which have neither the place nor the year, keep showing.

'Abbasids.

AbraSahr (according to Yakut I, pag. 566 another name for Naisäbür) Year 192 (2 fragments) Location: j^ß^ ^.'-^- R^v.

top: .jjLwxi, bottom: Osjcw^ywai (cf. Ties. 1517; Poolel'), page 225; Lav. 771.)

1) For these and some other kind communications regarding the previous I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to my highly respected teacher.

2) Stanley Lane Poole: Gatalogue of Oriental Goins in the British Museum VIU vU. 1875-1888.

274 H. Nützel:

Armin ija year 148 (only recorded in Ties. 775), 161, 248 (also only in Ties. 1939), .^ 2.

Isbahan 196: Rey. above »Ü, below »^j^. Harthama (ben A'jan) is the name of the governor who has been Khorasan since 191 managed.

Isbahan or Samarkand; Place and year not preserved. Av. below v^j-w*[-/o], Rev. below: «jaä^Lj Jf^6 (cf. Poole I, pages 99 and 102; Lav. No. 901 and 911).

Afrikija 176; furthermore a fragment without a year.

Bukhara 193 (2 copies). Rev. below Xjj^ (compare above Hammüja Stickel: Handbook I, page 101). A fragment without place and year; However, just like the ones at Lav. 857 aas Bukhara 194 listed coin.

al-Basra 134, 141, 160, 162; two fragments without a year.

Balch 185 (2 copies) 187, 194; four fragments without a year.

Zereng 181 (2 copies)

Serra-men-rä 233. Av. double edge font. Rev. above äJJ, below ^Uf J^ }^j^^ (Tics. 1882, Tornb. ') p. 86, No. 349).

Samarkand 194, 195 (3 copies); two fragments without a year.

al-'Abbasija 166 (2 copies). Rev. above jp^, below vXj^ . -; a fragment. . 5.

Kerman 165.

alKüfa 132, 137, 147, three fragments without a year.

al-Muhammadiyah 154, 167, 180, 185, 186, 187, 188, 191; 21 fragments without year.

Of note is the Dirhem from the year 186 (completely constantly received). Av. as usual. Rev. in the field:

1) G. J. Tornberg: Numi Cufici Regii Numophylaciae Holmiensis

Upsalae 1848.

Mühammedaniecher Mflnzfund tod Pinnow. 275

In any case, this coin is the same one that Frähn : Rec. pag. 27* No. 209 describes (^rariss. notab.") Frähn was able to

However, on the copy before him the name dj]ö

cannot be recognized, but only gives the signs

The same coin, but dated 184, is recorded by Poole I, page 78; Lav. No. 820. About Daüd and the mint mark

öjj^ cf. Stickel, Handb. I, pag. 96 f.

Medlnet es-SaUm (Baghdad) 149, 150, 155, 156, 157, 160, 161, 162, 164, 172, 180, 181, 186 (2 copies), 187 (4 copies), 188 (2 copies), 189 (3 copies), 190, 192, 195, 204. Further 47 fragments without year.

Merw. year? (Fragm.). Inditum.

Av.: In the field the usual legend; including:

I can't read this name.

Margin font: ^ ^ xLslX^ f^J^

The name iiUuvX^ is found in front of the city name ^^

also only refers to coins from the years 184, 186, 194, 195, 198 (all in Ties.)

Rev.: In the field, enclosed by a circular line: the II. Part of the symbol; about it. . . 5^, below? (aborted).

Marginal font: ... ^ ^ ^y^) ^■^^♦^

The marginal text apparently ends with ^^ ,.JjL>jf],

because there is no more space for the following words of the saying was enough. This is followed by a single... in

the arched shape, as is usually the case Margin writing concludes.

276

11. Useful:

Ma the e§-SäS 190 (3 copies). cf. Poole I, page 86.

Nalsäbür (?) . . 7. (From the name of the place only i^jLi» . . received.)

al-Härünija 169. Rev. above: [x#j lib.], below: j»;Lä.^.o

cf. Stickel I, p. 81; also Poole I, p. 63. Tics. 1088.

al-Jemaraa 167.

Place (?) Year 209. (A piece broken off at the edge). Inditum.

Av. In the field the usual legend.

Inscription in the margin, enclosed in a finely pearled circle:

Rev. In the field, surrounded by a finely pearled circle:

ÄÜf Jy^(?)

Marginal writing (largely blurred): the proph. Broadcast. Of the name of the minting place only i. j\j to read; the domestic Unfortunately, the fairly wide gap is completely lost. wipes. —

16 fragments without place names from the years 136 - 249. There are also six fragments that contain only the name of Ghalife al-Mahdi (158-169 d. H.), four that only belong to the Ghalife al-Mu'ta^im billah (218-227 d.H.). Finally several hundred Fragments without any specific features.

Muhammadan coin find from Pinnow.

277

Idrisids. Wallla 172. (complete). Diameter 26mm. Weight 2.2 grams. Inditum.

Av. In the field the usual legend.

Marginal writing enclosed in double pearled circles:

Rev. In the field, surrounded by a pearly circle:

Marginal font: ^L^ ^f Osa^ ^ (J^^;^^ [^] r^^ '■♦^

lij^j ^\^ J^ UJf ^^f ^ LJf oi^j^ v_ä^(

This saying: ^The truth has now come and gone is the vain; for what is nothing is transitory" says Quran, Sur. 17, 83.

You want the second number of the date initially i^jf^

read; the year 162 alone is impossible here, since the Idrisids Dynasty with Idrts I 'Abd-allah (172-177 d. H.) only in 172 Reign came. One must assume that the fourth Point of the word, which is, however, very broad, the two letters -a-^i^ so that the word ..yju^ can be read.

Idrisid coins were previously only available from the year 173 lays (Frähn: Rec. pag. 7*** No. 1.)

278 H. Nützel:

Aghlabids.

Afrlkijal85. (complete). Diameter 22mm. Weight 2.82 grams. Inditum.

Av. In the field the usual legend. Marginal writing, enclosed by a simple circular line:

Kev. In the field, enclosed by a simple circular line:

^f ^ äJJ(

Marginal text: ^ äÜI lXaP ^ ^Uf ^"^f [äj^I U^]

I read the name of the minting place as Afrikija, where the most Aghlabid coins were minted. However, they are on this coin the five letters between ( and & not even hinted at; However, compare your own typical written character of the preceding words.

From those by Ibrahim I ben Aghlab (184-196 d.H.) The oldest coins minted so far date only from Years 190 d.H.*) (Poole I, p. 56).

1) I subsequently find Bezi Gab among the more recent acquisitions. an Aghlabid dirhem from J. 184.

Muhammadan coin find from Pinnow. 279

Tahirids.

Abra§ahr. year? (Fragment.) Ineditum.

Av. In the field the usual legend; including:

Inner handwriting, surrounded by a pearled circle closed: ÄJUM i^^lj ^t-^jOJf

Outer margin writing: 'If ^'^\ äU

Bev. In the field, within a pearled circle:

(Cancelled).

Tape writing: the prophetic mission.

Tornb. 1. c. p. 31, No. 8 describes a coin Abraäahr from the year 210 with exactly the same legends as on the present one, although Tornb. the word ,^^\jaj\ still undetermined. But our coin is one of those different embossing, because Tornb. expressly noted that the field of the Rev. surrounded by double beaded circles closed, while our coin only has a simple pearled circle shows.

Samarkand 208. (Full) diameter 25 mm. Weight 3.19 gr.

Av. In the field the usual legend.

Inner edge writing, enclosed by a circular line: that Date.

Outer edge writing: 'If j^^^l ^U

280 H. Nützel:

Key. In the field, within a pearled circle:

Air üÄjis,.

Volume script: The proph. broadcast.

This coin was previously represented by a single specimen (in Stockholm) is documented (Tornb. 1. c. p. 129, No. 3). In the Revue Beige de Numism. T. XXXI, 1875 p. 191, No. 3 published Tiesenh. also a Tahirid dirhem Samarkand 208 , on which, however, instead of the name iii^ib the word ^-S^liaJf stands.

Fragment without place and year; the legends, as far as preserved, exactly like on the coin just described.

al-Muhammadiyah 206. (Fragm.)

Av. In the field, within a pearled circle: the usual legal legend; above: [s^Jb>^]'^f; below: [^^]5?. ^

Marginal writing: ^^^aäSLo^ »os^ iüLv^ Xj

Bev. In the field, within a circle: the 11th part

of symbolism; [above j6]; underneath: .»^aa^jüI

Volume writing: The prophetic mission. The same coin in Nesselm.*) p. 68, No. 240; cf. Tiesenh. in Vienna numism. Ztschr. 1871, p. 175, No. 59. Merw. Year? (fragment) Av. In the field the usual legend; including:

1) Nesselmann: The Orient. Manzen of the Academy. MOiuscabinets in Konigsberg. 1856.

Muhammedan MüDzfund vou Pinnow. 281

Inner margin writing, enclosed by a simple circular line: iUv- jj^ (^oJf fv3sJ) LJ

Outer edge writing: 'If j^'^] idi Rev. In the field, enclosed by a double circle: the IL part of the symbol; above

Marginal text: the prophetic mission.

The same legends can probably be found on dinars from Merw from the year 245; However, such a dirhem has only been available so far Nesselm. p. 73 No. 261 recorded. On the ones from Tornb. p. 140 No. 74 and by Frähn, Rec. pag 17*** No. 6 described similar Lichen Dirhems from the years 241 and 242 are missing the idj of the Rev.

Heinrich Nützel.

Zeitoehrift did Jünmumatik. XVIL 19

The ScMesiscIieii coins of King Ferdinand before 1546.

Addendum.

After the appearance of those referred to in the heading I was asked to work on the essay by a friend Professor Dr. from Luschin - Ebengreuth in the XVIII. gang the Vienna Numismat. magazine drew attention in which this excellent expert on the Austrian monetary system the pieces named by me on p. 223 f. under I and II fdr Erain takes advantage of the landscape we know the Silesian eagle in the coat of arms is confusingly similar leads. I consider it my duty to briefly say this to comment on this view.

Luzhin bases his allocation essentially on the following: following reasons:

1) There was no royal coin in Silesia until 1532. drives have been.

2. The coins present did not fit into the Mfinz system of Silesia but in that of the Alpine countries.

3. There was a coinage for Carniola at the end of the 1520s. took place.

To me these reasons do not seem sufficient to answer the question to decide in favor of Krain. The first is based on authority Newalds and may well be allowed by my essay to the extent that sided than one would consider in view of what I have taught Material at least the possibility will have to be admitted that royal coins were already in use in Silesia before 1532

F. Friedensbnrg: MQnzen King Ferdinand 1546. 283

were defeated by EoDrad Sauermann. This means that The second objection also disappears: the desire of König's intention was evidently from the beginning Introducing the Austrian currency to Silesia proves this the documents such as the certainly Silesian coins with the S of 1540 and 41. But as far as the Carniola coinage is concerned, so We only know of safe and dated Carniola coins from 1527 (Sixes, twelves and those pennies with C instead of F the pieces in dispute here), and there is no documentary evidence arrange a longer duration of this coinage: the disputed ones Coins however range up to and including 1536. It would also be very strange when one comes from those intended to be melted down Carniolan oak clumps only those larger ones in the first year Coins, but then these miserable little ones for nine more years Heller should have struck. The assumption is closer, that there aren't many such "small animals" in Carniola. has to give, with which you can very soon get through the expression fewer pieces have been completed. Ultimately, it seems worrying Also, if Luschin, to play both the pieces with F and to claim the one with C for Carniola assumes the original C gave F with consideration for the interests of a larger self-employed person. Ferdinand's policies, which were averse to the independence of the parts of the country, gave way must: this policy was well known enough and it is otherwise Nowhere has it been necessary to use such a letter from this Reasons to be subsequently replaced by the general F. Must one should not rather assume that one is in Carniola regardless the king's policy put the C on the coins in order to to distinguish them from the Silesians?

The finds have let us down so far: one in Lusatia However, the one I made contained several copies of the one I made Pieces addressed as whole white pfennigs - in addition to Breslauer Groschen from 1546 f., but also numerous Salzburg pfennigs appeared in it, he allows himself to be involved in the decision of the inter- do not use the relevant question. Also from the style and

The factory shouldn't have any problems given the small size of our coins

19*

284 F* Friedensburg: Coins of King Ferdinand 1546.

Evidence for an allocation can be found in the comparison the same with safe Carniola, Steyermarkers and Silesians so no significant results were obtained. More important, however seems that the title on the Rf. of the one I described Richtsückes PRInceps Et INPans HISPAniae Archidux — like this is to be read in Luzhin's correct view - with the one on the Older Krainer sixes fitted exactly match and that, as Mr v. L. informs me that there is also a Styrian judge- piece of exactly the same type, only with the panther in place of the Adlers exists. Since the Carniola coins are minted in the Steyermark, to Graz, are defeated, these facts speak matters more for the correctness of Luzhin's view.

All in all, I'm not responsible for making the decisions. to be described as very doubtful: may further follow-up research leads happily to its goal!

F. Friedensburg.

Titakazos.

In this magazine (XV 1887 pp. 13f. and 49, plate I, 7 = III, 16) have A. y. Sallet and A. Lübbecke a coin from Titakazos made known the former Pisidia or Phrygia the latter because of the location (Pyrgos between Sardis and Tralles) in Lydia.

Titakazos is, although there were no coins of this city before were known, by no means new, certainly not in any of ours geographical handbooks. Galen doesn't mention less than eight places (Vol. VI pp. 276, 335, 806; X pp. 485, 833; XII p. 517; XIV p. 16; XV p. 648 ed. Kühn) the wine of Titakazos {Tnaxa^tjvög olvog) and recommends this light, Tart white wine is particularly suitable for certain illnesses suitable. This happens everywhere with a certain uniformity ity, d. h. In addition to the Italian varieties, he also carries them everywhere nor the ones in Asia Minor that correspond to these. Galen was as is well known, Pergamen and active in Pergamum and Rome; like that explains himself that he considers Italy and Asia Minor side by side. taken into account. So he puts the Sabine pretty much everywhere, Albanians and Adrians wine the Tibener, the Arsyiner (or Arsyener) and the Titakazener as completely similar varieties on the side, once (XII p.517) he mentions Titacazenes, Arsyenes, Arvisier wine as three small wines related to the Italian Sabiner Asian varieties.

The Arvisian or Ariousian wine, which the ancients called called the best of all Greek wines, grew on the island Chios (cf. Strabo XIV, 1 § 35 ed. Kramer; Athenaeus p. 32 f

286 H. Dressel: Titakazos.

= I cap. 59; Galenus Vol. X p. 832; Plin. nat. are. XIV § 73); the Arsyenes after Stephen of Byzantium also on Cbios (although Stephanus with ^y^gav^vog probably only the ^Aqiov€ioq Strabo means from which he copied; Galen mentions Arsyener and Ariousier twice as similar wines next to each other VI p. 276, XII p. 517); We know about the Tibener by Galen (XIV p. 16) that he naq' ^fAtr, i.e. in Pergamum, had this name because it was located in a locality named Tlßag bility was built, so probably in the Pergamen area or not too far away. There is no indication whatsoever about the Titacazener tung.

These small things, mentioned together several times by Galen, Asian wine varieties could now quite possibly be completely different. belong to different regions, as do the corresponding the Italian ones do not belong together locally. The Pergamenian But the doctor could also prefer his patients like this recommended wine that will be available in Pergamon as a product of the next surrounding areas was accessible to everyone; and if he VI P. 806 writes xatd di rfjp ""Aaiav naq^ ^[aTv 6 w Ttßifyo^icu TOiovwg^ xal 6 ^Aqtfvtpog^ xal fjtst^ attovg o T$%ccxaJ^iiv6g d. h. “We have the same texture (light) in Asia Tibener and the Arsyinian, next to these the Titakazener*', like this The certainly not pointless addition “with us” speaks for itself the assumption that he does not produce wines from distant places Asia Minor but from the areas neighboring Pergamon referred to.

Of the three wines mentioned above with the Titakazener varieties is certainly from Chios (the Arvisier) and, if Meineke to Stephen v. B. S. J26 is right, the second one (the work Syener), while the third (the Tibener) not too far away Pergamum was built: so that would be for Titakazos either on Chios itself, or, what seems more likely to me, on the coastal area lead from Pergamon to Smyma« Also the location of the coin speaks for this area.

H. Dressel

A Qroschen was found in the Oberlansitz.

When converting a stable on the Bittergute Nicolaus In 1887, an unglazed clay pot was discovered in the village near Görlitz. The vessel was shattered, on which a number of MQnzcn were rolling. The owner, Mr. Kaiserbrecht, who happened to be there, collected the same carefully and united them with the remaining ones were wrapped in colorful silk.

The find consisted of the following coins:

Bohemia. Wenceslas IL, 1278-1305. Prague groschen 2

" III., 1305-1306. , " 3

George, 1458-147], , “3

Brandenburg. Elector Friedrich II, 1440-1470. Brandenburg groschen. Hj. Eagle in shield, without bow on top and without roses to the side. Transcription: HR'DQR'Q' iRTTR' P'QQPS ? OnUeOTOR®

S.J. In the shield without a bow or inscriptions vjeifetdiges Coat of arms of Zollern and Nuremberg. paraphrase; 6R0SSVS ■ flßJIRen BRTt'OanSVRG ® Landgraviate of Hesse. Ludwig IIL, + 1471.

288 ^^d* Scheuner:

Dimes without a year with the following differences in the Legend:

Hf. liVDaWiaVSoDÖI 6R2tai2toi^ Rf, 6R0SSVS . LTtßTGRÄVI • R 2

li » “ ÄÄ 10

liÄ , , ÄÄ 3

L7t ", hTCS 13

L ", Ii2K 9 liTt ", IJUSS 1

LTtß , . Ä 1

r.

M

indistinct

Meissen-Thuringia. Dimes.

Goetz 3543(1), 3563(1), 3591(1), 3595(2), 3606(1), 3626 (1), 3627 (1), 3631 pp. (33), 3672 (6), 3709 n. 3710 (19), 3713 (2) — the latter 2 with stamped ^ — , 3721 (1), 3728 (1), 3751/55 (4), 3789 (4), like 3789 but niSHBiSISS (1), 3800 (3), 3806 (3), 3838 (1) but with a CRACK on the hip.

A total of 143 pieces of pennies. What is striking about this find is the considerable number Hessian groschen. But the same ones are in that time Upper Lusatia had been on course a lot, which resulted from a valvation Note in an old Görlitz coin book. This, Görlitzer's handwritten diary stapled in pigskin Coin, which will be reported later, begins in 1450 when the mint reopens and calls us Ao. 1460 following Values of the various pennies under the heading:

"Mesnic gr." as follows:

Item Leipziger moncze the worn marg helt V loth

1 quart Item on shot LXXIII gr. old Breslichsz weights. Item freiberger gr. the Breslische Wegene mg. V loth

1 squeeze Item on shot LXXIII gr.

7

A penny was found in Upper Lusatia. 289

Item Kolditczer gr. the Breslische Wegene mrg V loth

'^ quetl

Item on shot LXXIIII gr.

Item Hessian gr. the Brl. worn mf V loth 1 quetl.

Item on shot LXXIIII gr.

Item aide Hessian gr. habin VII loth ^ qutl.

Item Zewickawische large with the star VII lot 1 firtil

one squ.

Item freiberger gr., the roses and lies habin VII lot

ane a firteil one quetl. and so on. This shows that in Upper Lusatia the Hessian groschen were viable at that time and not the bad ones test goods.

As far as the burial time of the find is concerned, this may be the same fall in the year 1469, when Duke Heinrich of Münster berg on behalf of his father, King George of Poděbrady, wanted to visit the renegade Lusatians. He moved on September 7th of the said year in front of Lauban and then made devastating failures against Zittau, with Ostritz, Seidenberg and Schoenberg were reduced to ashes and probably that too Nicolausdorf in between got its share will have.

Bud. Scheuner.

To the Pommersclieii and Mecklenburgisclieii MünztomdeO-

IX.

A. The denarius find from Labenz.

In 1889 it was located in the Labenz district (Schievelbein district), the largest of the three islands Gangenow Lake, which used to be apparently populated, is now unoccupied is a paper roll similar to ours, about 3 inches long Metal roller plowed out, which has the following described, from the company's manor manor owner Pretzell for Pomeranian history and ancient history Coins included:

1) Reversible pennies with re-cross, Rf, Maltese cross, like Dannenberg, Mz. d. Sachs, and Franconian. Ks.-Z. No. 1335.

2) The Lower Saxon denarius, often claimed for Pipin, Mader, critical contribution IV, plates 1, 2; BI. f. Mzkde III, plate X, 189, with defaced temple. Rf, disfigured S. Colonia, about which I am on the occasion of the discovery of Horst (vol. XIV, 252 d. Z.) I have largely left out.

Bogislaw and Casimir of Pomerania. 3)*-M* CKS6MÄR BV6V2LKVS crowned bust with scepter and Sword to the left. Rf. + I • KS6MÄR BV6V2L2\;VS three-door mous building (Dbg. P.') plate I, 1). Weight 1 size

4) HH-B-0-6-V-2-L-Ä-V-S- uncovered armored Bust portrait with sword and flag. Rf. + + X+S+S+K+B+I+H+V+S

1) 8th Vol. XVI, 89 d. Magazine

2) d. h. Dannenberg, Pomerania's MQnzen in the Middle Ages (Berlin 1864), Special print from the Berl. Sheet f. Coin Studies Vol. I, 154.

H. Dannenberg: Denarius find from Labenz. 291

Bust portrait of a bishop with crooked staff on the left. (Dbg. P. I, 2) Average weight 0.86 gr.

5) + SCS lOHTtNHeS head of the saint with raised Right, Rf. BVDIZLKV • KK2SÖ16R three-tower church (Dbg. P. I, 6). Average weight of twice 10 pieces each 0.87 and 0.85 gr., one of which is also die-cut Hand of a bungler betrays, on the Ä/. the meaningless transcription VÄHIV. . . ID has fineness of a sampled piece 0.540.

6) Bracteate: over a wall between two towers the image of an armored man in half figure, with a sword and flag. 25 million weight 0.65 and 7 gr.

The question that often arises when it comes to medieval coins is which one from several successive princes with the same name Belonging is regularly a very difficult one, and in many cases not with certainty, but at most to the extent that differ that one coin is the older, the other the younger is, because we always have to remember that in those times the princes in no way had any supervision over the coinage aesthetic-historical relationship, in no way were ensured that their character was different from that of their predecessors. to make divorceable; On the contrary, many teach us rich examples that you often have the usual images for a long time and kept transcriptions without caring whether they also fit. The indicated difficulty occurs to us during our first step into Pomeranian coinage, against, because the first princes who can have coined are Bogislaw I and Casimir L, who from 1151 to 1181, where last Terer died, ruled jointly, whereupon Bogislaw remained sole ruler until his death in 1187 and his brothers had sons Bogislaw II and Casimir II as successors, from who died in 1220 and this in 1219. In my first ab- story about “Pomeranian coins in the Middle Ages” (see attachment Note 2) I tried to organize this question in such a way that I above No. 3 to Bogislaw L and Casimir I, No. 4 also- if given to Bogislaw I, No. 5 but to the younger pair of brothers

292 H. Dannenberg:

have meadows. I don't really want to ask the question again here discuss, but reserve that for my future taken Pomra coin history, but would like to here assert the points of view that have been made since its publication my ged. Treatise has arisen anew. There stand in first and foremost the finds. We know of an unknown discovery known origin, which only includes certain species not represented here contained, namely those with the name Bogislaw alone or also without any prince's name, only that of the mint master and the Mint (Godefridus Rf. Perenncelave etc.), all of of the same factory and with a cross in a four-arched frame on one side, a church on the other (see Dbg. P. pp. 7 - 9). As far as we know, these denarii have the contents of one find, the Thomsen (see VIII and IX. Annual volumes of the Ges. f. Pomm. business p. 72) by a Berlin Mfinz friend (I am muthe Benoni Friedlaender) received, and in any case after that According to this report, there is no admixture from other Pomeranians has had, as would also emerge from this, that this extremely rare and otherwise unheard of coins exactly in this compilation in Thomsen's catalog no. 7413 — find 7431 again. They are here under numbers 7412 and 7432 Our numbers 3 and 5 above are also listed, but these are In any case, the owner got it from somewhere else. Because Thomsen was a very avid collector, on his frequent visits and diligently increasing his size through correspondence collection, and so it would be surprising if he didn't These two denarii would have been acquired from a source that was before opened about 35 years ago. At that time, the local one owned it ^Finz dealer Weidhas a small find of such denarii, in which our No. 3 (Dbg. P. 1,1) with about 6-10 pieces, No. 5 (Dbg. P. I, 6) but was represented by around 25-30 pieces; on After questioning, he gave me certain assurance that the find had no further content, and I have, without his to declare truthfulness incontrovertible, but no grand in this case to doubt his statement. Finally has

Denarius find from Labenz. 293

also the discovery of Glembokie (see Polkowski: decouv. k Glgbokie of mon. polon., Gnesen 1876) among more than 1500 Polish Bracteates, mostly by Miesko the Old (1173 - 1202) and Boleslaws, seven of the above John denarii (No. 5) brought (loc. cit. pp. 11 and 22). — From these four finds it seems the fact emerges that the portraitless Bogislaws (Dbg. P. 3-5 and Thomsen 7413-7431) not together with The portrait coins, our numbers 3-5 above, circulated. Therefore, the assumption seems justified that both varieties differ in age, and the only question is which type is the older one. And that's where the decision must be made It turns out that those denarii with a cross and a building are the higher Age comes with it, because apart from the style, which of course is the case Due to the lack of securely dated similar coins, there is no solid evidence What is crucial is that Bogislaw is the only one on them King, which is probably referred to as Bogislaw I, who only lived in 1170 joined the empire, but was not followed by his successor. will find tangible. But there is a very wide gap between All of these coins don't lie, especially if, like me I believe Polkowski ordered the deposit of the treasure from Glem- bokie correctly to the year 1195, where the bloody battle of Mozgawa was beaten, calculated. Then they could Denarii with REX appeared shortly before 1170, a little later if the others had the same character (cross and church) It is irrelevant that Bogislaw only received his title in 1181 Brother lost. From the time of his sole rule 1181-87 seems to be where our No. 4 comes from. Certainly from the disciples The pair of brothers is then probably number 5 (Dbg. P. I, 6), and is also there she to Siegfried von Cammin 1185-1202 (Dbg. P. S. 39 Tf. I, 51) looks so very similar. The matter is darker regarding ours No. 3. Since my ged. I wrote the treatise about the Witness obtained that in the same p. 3 for comparison The denarius used with OTTO MARICOO is not just certain is Brandenburg, but also that he, the previous acceptance, not from the first but from the second market

294 H. Dannenberg:

Counts of this name (1184-1205). This over- I have vol. VIII 169 d. Magazine explained in more detail, and it also seems to be generally shared (Vol. X 299 d. Z. Bahrfeldt, Brandbg. p. 114). With this changed fact Given the situation, it seems even more difficult to me to talk about this denarius to make a decisive judgment on the crowned bust, This could perhaps be used for my previous allocation the older ruling couple claimed that only one Copy, and in poor condition, found here is that he is an older one that is already disappearing Embossing seems to belong, and then that the beautiful work more reminiscent of the heyday of the bracteates, i.e. the third quarter of the century as a reminder of its turning point.

In addition to what has been stated above, we learn even more from our find. Not only that the turning point Pfennigs, which were created about a century and a half earlier as well as the Cologne-Andernach reprints (No. 2) were in force until around the year 1200, because The latter fact at least was almost through to them the following denarii of Henry the Lion (sheet f. coin kunde III, Tf.VI 104, 105, 117), but that the oldest Pomeranian dukes like their contemporary Jaromar von Rügen In addition to the denarii, they also struck bracteates. Because where else but Pomerania should we put No. 6? there Brandenburg as well as Mecklenburg is excluded. In “Pomm. Mz. in the M. A.^ I have already decided on this sentence known, and two bracteates (Plate III 21, 22) as Pomeranian the beginning of the 13th century century, have since then but we are informed by the large bracteate find from Seelensdorf (BL f. Mzfrcunde p. 428, vol. IX 280 d. Z., Bahrfeldt 285) is the better one gained insight that at least the former (Dbg. P. III 21, Bahrfeldt 94) is from Brandenburg; both are of the same Size, same thick sheet metal as the ged. Rügischen, and that was at that time decisive for their allocation to Pomerania, can But it is no longer the case since we are the Seelensdorfers

Denar find Yon Labenz. 295

Bracteates have, the transcriptions of which teach us that these Factory is Altmark. This has been opposed from another quarter our knowledge of the older Pomeranian characteristics is pleasing expanded in a way, namely through the discovery of Bünstorf. This one, buried around 1225, has a number of bracteates brought to light, which I for various reasons for characterization von Demmin, Pyritz and Stargard, of course ducal, declared non-urban (vol. VII p. 413 no. 204-209 of the current era), a lineup that seems to have met with universal applause. These bracteates have as badges a lily, a rose and a star, badges that become permanent over time distinctive coin coats of arms of these cities. With It seems to me that our bracteates number 6 have them greatest factory similarity, especially they have the same dashed border like No. 204 a. a. 0. (Pyritz). This bun- storfer bracteates make it even more believable that the present are also Pomeranian, which is to be assumed Lack of counter-reasons suggests our discovery anyway. It could Someone should remind you that our numbers 6 are bigger than the Bünstorfer, 25 instead of 21 and 22 million measure, apart from that about the fact that they are probably a little older than the Bünstorfers, then this objection would not hold water compared to the fact thing that at that time it was not uncommon for them to be under the same government Bracteates of various diameters are struck (Bernhard of Saxony, Albrecht I of Magdeburg, etc.). Nor can it be considered that, under so many reasons, naren only two bracteates occurred, the latter therefore would probably like to be of just as foreign origin as the Wende- pennies and denarii No. 2; In contrast, it should be pointed out that, based on experience, the finds are not the regular ones bility of composition, as the constructing ver- status she would like to assume, they are usually missing what we expect, and conversely they give us what we do not expect. waited; Chance plays too much of a role. But at All that I have said above, I confess that I have no

296 H. Dannenberg:

certainty, but only assumptions of certain probability that can be achieved through further discoveries and observations. warnings may find confirmation or refutation.

B. The denarius find from KlOtzin.

There are about 640 small denarii, about the third Quarter of the XIVth century, which at Klötzin near Gülzow (Gammin district) excavated and donated by the Lord Edgar Schulze there in the collection of the Pomeranian Ge- came from the shift association. They are quite similar to them von Teschenbusch (Vol. VI 109 d.Z.), but of course the latter was Treasure about twenty times as big and therefore also includes many more species. But if here too, apart from others, The one in Teschenbusch, however, only exists in a few copies The Swedish and Polish denarii represented are missing, so There seem to be some who were not represented there: the episcopal lichens, whose occurrence explains the proximity of the mint Mecklenburg and Brandenburg. The main mass in both The people of Stettin make up a lot of finds, whereas the people of Colberg have fewer of them here numerous, but on the other hand the Stargarder in proportion occur in larger numbers than in Teschenbusch. These are each- but accidental phenomena, essentially contrary to that in both Bracteates*) were found just as little as the ones Coins from Cöslin, Garz and Stolp, what comes from me p. 130 a. a. 0. conclusions drawn that these cities only later started to shape, and the bracteates were used for excavation had already disappeared from circulation for a while, probably new ones

1) Grote is wrong when he says Vol. YII 321 Mzstad. all Pomeranian hollow coins» with the exception of Jaromar von Rügen, for hollow pennies, not for bracteates explained; he gives p. 314 a. a. 0. the difference between the two Mflnx quite correctly, the hollow pennies after the introduction of the coined shillings, etc., when their twelfths were struck. The latter but this applies to the small Pomeranian bractates from the time of about 1250 to 1330 not, they are whole pieces as well as the ones that are similar to them. early two-sided denarii; Of course, Grote denies their coexistence of bracteates and denarii (see vol. YII 97 and 106 a. a 0.).

Denarius clay block. 297

provides support. But one-sided failures are in ours Finds are almost more common than in that older one. At the subsequent the description has because of poor preservation 430 pieces have to be ignored.

Diocese of Gammin. All of these not so common Coins show the standing bishop on the back, a crooked staff in each hand;

1) for the 5 examples that are one-sided. (fineness 0.385^) the Rf remains doubtful. The others have on the Ä/.

2) a lion on the left (weight of 3 pieces 0.69 gr., Average 0.23 Gr.) 3 Ex.

It stands to reason that the lion is the family coat of arms of the Bi- schofs, i.e. Jaromars of Rügen 1288-1298 (Dbg. P. P. 45). see, and on two copies it is worn enough, to make one believe in such a long circulation, the better but received he is on the third. And a safe analogy offers a vol. VI p. 111 d. Z. mentioned denarius with the same HJ, and the Saxon bar shields on the Ä/., that is from Bishop Johann L 1343 - 1372, a born duke of Saxony-Lauenburg. — Whether the figure of the following the coin

3) RJ, six-pointed star, one sphere at each angle (Weight of both 0.55 gr., average 0.27 gr.) 2 ex. Also contains a coat of arms, it is difficult to say, since we have it Coat of arms of the Cammin bishops between Jaromar and Johann L are unknown. It would probably be possible for the star no heraldic, but only a symbolic meaning would come; one thinks of the hand, the jug, etc. of the branden- Burgenian bishop's coins. (Bahrfeldt a.a. 0. 750 - 756).

4) fiy. Church with four towers (Dbg. P. I, 52) 1 ex.

5) Rf, two-towered church portal (Dbg. P. I, 53) 3 Ex. but in two of them the portal is not clearly visible.

1) According to found. Investigation of Mr. Mflnzwardein's assistant Brink man here yourself

Z«iteobrill far Nnmismatik. XVII. 20

298 H* Dannenberg:

Colberg. 6) Bishop's cap, Rf. two crossed BischofiB- rods, surrounded by four balls (weight of 10 = 2.63 gr.)

15 copies

Demmin. 7) Lily, partly with, partly without balls i. F., Rf. Grip left 5 Ex.

8) A lily (?), whose upper and lower halves are equal shaped, the leaves jagged (one-sided) 3 Ex.

Although education is very different from the traditional evasive, this figure is probably nothing other than that Demmin lily; Unfortunately, so far I have a two-sided one Copy not yet found.

Pyritz. 9) Six-petaled rose, Rf. Greif left (Teschen- bush plate II, 11) 1 ex.

10) Those with a not pronounced Rf. (fineness 0.450) 4 Ex.

11) Similar to No. 9, but the rose approaches the star shape (Teschenbusch plate II, 12) 5 copies

12) Six-petalled flower, whose narrow leaves are divided into three Lobes tapering off, Rf. not pronounced (Teschenbusch plate II, 13)

lEx.

Here, as with No. 11, it is difficult to decide whether Pyritzer Rose or the Star of Stargard is supposed to be depicted, It seems that the die cutters intentionally made such similarities The aim is to match the characteristics of the neighboring town.

Stargard. 13) A larger tower between two smaller ones Rf. six-pointed star, a sphere at each angle (Feine. stop 0.372) 7 Ex.

The towers are very similar to those of the one-sided penny Dbg. P. I, 55. But although the bishop's denarius No. 8 also If you wear a star, you won't get our coin because of it can be considered episcopal, because on the one hand this star is designed completely differently, but on the other hand these towers fit far better for a municipal than for an episcopal character. The greater number of these coins are one-sided failures, if one doesn't have to assume, given their quantity, that

Denarius find from ElötziD. 299

the expression of the second side back then in Pomerania for something was deemed unnecessary.

14) Only with the star (weight of 10 pieces 2.86 gr.) 23 copies.

15) Only with the towers 13 Ex.

16) Star whose six rays do not end in a point, but rather Parallelograms with rounded corners are the same, RJ, Greif

1 ex.

17) Likewise, but with a ball at each angle 5 Ex.

18) Six-pointed star, with spheres at the angles, Rf. Greif (similar to Teschenbusch No. 16) 4 copies.

19) Likewise, but only the star side is pronounced (weight of 10 pieces 2.64 sizes) 16 copies.

20) Five-pointed star, similar to a star flower, i2/. not pronounced 1 ex.

It is doubtful whether this coin is also Stargardian appear, but there is a complete copy that does probably speaks for it: with the same flower and four crosses in the angles, Rf, with double S and two ringlets. The In order to distinguish the vintages, stamp cutters have The coin image of the star was designed in a variety of ways.

Szczecin. 21) Three-towered gate, in the opening of which Helmet, Rf. Greif left (fineness 0.485 gr.) 43 Ex.

21 a) Likewise, but the RJ, not pronounced 26 Ex.

Usedom. 22) Helmet left, Rf. Greif left (similar to Teschen- bush plate II, 25) 2 copies

One of these helmets is decorated with five feathers; whether the Others too, do not allow its bad expression see.

Volga st. 23) Two crossed keys, Rf. Greif left (Vol. V, Plate VII, 7th century) 2 Ex.

There are a few one-sided ones that follow, which are probably also Pomerania like.

24) Cross with a ball at each angle 1 ex.

25) Eagle's head torn off between two (?) columns to the left

l Ex.

20*

300 H. Dannenberg:

Mecklenburg. 26) Bull's head in the portal, Rf, indistinct (Cross?) (Vol. V, Plate VII, 17th century) 1 ex.

27) Bull's head, ref. unrecognizable (city gate?) 1 ex. 27 a) Same, but pronounced on one side 3 Ex.

28) One-sided; Cross with DV • and three balls in the

Angles 1 Ex.

*•

Doubtful whether to read DVX. The similarity to No. 15 Plate VII, Vol. V d. Z. advises putting this coin here rather than underneath Pomerania.

Brandenburg. 29) Eagle, Rf. Lion to the left 2 Ex.

Because of the peculiar factory I didn't dare a similar piece from my collection for Brandenburg too explain. But this is probably the case, especially with consideration the following twelve one-sided ones, containing only the main image of the eagle carry, no other possibility, and it would be the lion Family coat of arms like the eagle can be the national coat of arms. The eagle could be the Palatinate or the Luxembourgish, because It is not necessary for the latter to divide the beams, which often occur Smaller Luxembourg coins are missing, not just on the oldest Denarius, Bl. f. Mzkde. IV, plate XIII, 282, but also there XIV 300, 304, 305, 309 ; the Bohemian lion is also defiant Missing double tail cannot be ruled out. Then it would be So this coin should be placed later than 1373, in which year The House of Luxembourg came into possession of the mark. But hers Predecessors, the Bavarian Margraves (1324-1373) were Counts Palatine are also entitled to use this heraldic animal, many times over, crowned and uncrowned, not just in Bavarian and Palatinate coins of the Middle Ages (Beierlein, d. bair. Mz. d. House of Wittelsb. No. 9, 16, 39, 40, 60, 75, 76, 79, 90) seems and especially from Otto V the Finnish, who at the same time, with the name number VII, ruled in Brandenburg, was struck on his Palatinate coins (Beierlein 62 - 64). — By the way, our coin is in our Brandenburg Finds that, as far as we know, have not yet occurred means nothing, because she is obviously for dealings with Pomerania

Denarius find from Naseband. 301

and probably beaten in a border town, just like e.g. b. the Prenzlower Vierchen by Friedrich IL and the slightly older one Denarius with eagle, RJ, helmet (vol. V, plate IV 55 d. Z. and below p. 16 no. 24).

30) Same, but only the eagle pronounced (weight of 10 pieces 2.66 size) 12 copies.

It is difficult to explain the large deviation in shot and Grain, which this find compares with the one so similar to it lichen von Teschenbusch can be seen: in the latter an average weight of 0.29 gr. and a fineness of 0.630, here not only the weight, as far as it is determined, but especially the fineness (0.372 - 0.385-0.450-- 0.485) is significantly lower, although the Klötziner coins are appear just as white to the eye as the Teschenbuschers; her So they seem to be equivalent, even if they are externally equivalent to be somewhat younger, and is therefore likely to oppose her resignation The end of the XIV century may have occurred.

C. The denarius find from Naseband.

Of a later date, around the middle of the 15th century. century, are the approximately 2500 coins that are at Naseband (Kreis Neustettin) i. J. 1889 came to light. This find is that of Arnswalde (Vol. V, 73 d. Z.) pretty much at the same time, under but it differs from the same by the absence of Witten, whereas here a few hollow pennies are added, In addition, the geographical boundaries of both different separated, because instead of the Mecklenburgers who were native to the west from Arnswalde, the East is here not only with Polish, but also with Grand Master coins, which were missing from Arnswalde have, abundantly represented. If you calculate from the total number about 120 unrecognizable ones, the rest consisted of the following Types:

Duke Casimir VI of Stettin, 1413-1434. 1) Big a in the field, RF. Greif left (Dbg. P. HI, 39) 2 Ex.

302 H. DanneDberg:

This coin appeared in much larger numbers at Arnswalde on (No. 2).

2) Grip left, Rf, cross with split ends, in each Angle one ringlet (weight 0.35 size) 3 pieces.

The appropriation of this coin is debatable. The listed below under 3 - 5, because of the fourfold Q (epi- scopus) of No. 5 but probably episcopal denarii, could give us cause this to also be attributed to the same origin, But if you consider that the cross is for the coins of a world as well as for a spiritual prince, that accordingly also the ducal Witten of this period on one side the griffin, on the other the cross show, and that also what I point out Vol. V, 80 d. Currently there As I have shown, the Arnswald find gives us a completely analogous one Mecklenbuigian stamp (with bull's head, Rf. simple cross, A. 42), the conclusion is justified that also presenting coin is ducal.

Cammin. 3) Cross, with one surrounded by a circle closed ball in the middle, Rf, grip on the left (fineness 0.143, Weight of 10 pieces 3.34 gr.) 158 copies.

4) Likewise, but the griffin to the right 9 Ex. From the rule that the griffin in Pomeranian Middle Ages

Coins are shown from the left side, our find offers a remarkable number of exceptions.

5) Like No. 3, but a fl (Dbg.) at every crossing angle. P. III 56). Weight of 10 pieces 3.32 gr. 77 Ex.

I see no reason to change my earlier assumption that the Q episcopus means to depart.

Cöslin. 6) Head of John the Baptist, Rf. S between two stars. (Köhne, new contributions no. 471) 1 ex.

In any case, older pieces differ from this the following are significant due to their larger size and the drawings tion of the head, on No. 7 the hair and beard are attached Nature carried out, while the pre-conceived smaller older type Essentially there is only the plain outline of the head; No. 7 is new to me.

Denarius find from Naseband. 303

7) Head of the Baptist, Rf, S ohoe mark (fineness 0.142, weight of 10 pieces 3.09 gr.) 50 copies.

Colberg. 8) Two chiseled bishop's staffs, made of balls surrounded (Arnswalde No. 19). Fineness 0.153, weight of 10 pieces 3.45 gr. Around 1200 copies.

Almost half of the entire find mass!

Demmin. 9) Lily, Rf. Greif left. (fineness 0.157, Weight of 10 pieces 3.69 gr.) 122 copies.

Subdivisions can be made, the lily is up to because, something I haven't observed before, the Florentine designed similarly, i.e. h. Stamens rise to the side of the middle leaf hatched with crossed parallels; The difficulty, however, is that it is usually not perfect To make this distinction sharply has me to forego the same.

Garz. 10) Nettle leaf, Rf, griffin left (Köhne, n. B. 482) 7 Ex.

Gollnow. 11) Two crescents accompanied by four stars, Bf. Greif left (Köhne, n. B. 491). Weight of 10 pieces 2.64 gr.,

18 ex.

Pyritz. 12) Rose with heart-shaped leaves, Rf. Greif left (Köhne, n. B. 499), weight of 10 pieces 2.77 gr. 22 ex.

Stargard. 13) Wide six-pointed star with one Circles in the middle, Rf. Greif on the left. (Weight 0.37 gr.) 1 ex.

Belongs to the same coin series as the Cösliner No. 6 and is therefore smaller than the following.

14) Wide six-pointed star, with a sphere in the middle surrounded by a circle, between each ray Point, RF Greif left (Köhne, n. B. 509). Weight of 10 pieces 2.50 gr. 237 Ex.

15) Likewise, but the griffin from the right side 18 Ex., Possibly even more, the inadequate embossing makes it more difficult to fix position.

Szczecin. 16) Crowned griffin head in a triangular shield, above it and on each side a ringlet, Rf. Greif on the left (Dbg. P. IV 91). Weight of 10 pieces 2.48 gr. 50 copies.

304 H. Dannenberg:

17) Quadruples. SoToQoToToIonoJßoO crowned griffin head between star and ringlet, left, Rf, griffin left (Köhne, n. B. 518-523), fineness 0.14 gr., weight 0.49 gr. 1 ex.

In the whole find, the purity of which was not justified by anyone If there is any doubt, only this one quadruple appears, and so on The same could be said for the only surviving remnant hold older times; But this type of coin will last a long time the presumed burial time of our find was and circulated, we must do the same for hold one of the oldest such coins and perhaps take that the four little ones were less popular in Naseband than the denarii. By the way, it is also completely natural that the... State capital with the introduction of this new type of coin made a beginning.

18) Hollow penny. Crowned griffin head on the left, behind it Ringlets (or even a star). Weight of 9 pieces 2.04 gr., so Average 0.23 gr. 9 ex.

Not to be confused with the bracteates of the 13th century. year- hundred, as these hollow pennies correspond to the other coins in the find pretty much the same and in a poorer metal mixture were coined towards the end of the century.

Stolp. 19) A river indicated by three waves, Rf. Greif left (Köhne, n. B. 524) 109 Ex.

Stralsund. 20) Hollow penny. The flag in the edge of the rays with a star in the same 1 ex.

Treptow a.R. 21) Cloverleaf, Rf, griffin left (Köhne, n. B. 568), fineness 0.150 gr., weight of 10 pieces 3.34 gr.

178 ex.

22) Same, but the griffin on the right 11 Ex.

Wollin. 23) Half lily and half star placed together poses, RF Greif left. (Weight of 6 pieces 2.30 gr., diameter cut 0.38 size) 10 copies.

The Wittenpfennig Vol. XVI, p. 108, Plate VI 15 d. Z. secures This remains unexplained and comes in numerous varieties The denarii that came to us have their place here.

The Doelitz discovery. 305

This otherwise rare coin is more likely to come here due to its factory as being directed to Brandenburg, seems particularly for the Ver- return to be defeated with Pomerania, because in the Polish It hardly appears in collections, not in the catalogs of large collections Mikocki, Reichet, Radziwill, Zelt. She has also missing from Arnswalde and Zezenow (vol. XII, 398 d. Z.), and would like number 32, which can be found in both finds was, rather this Vladislaw than his successor Wladislaw Varnenczyk 1434 - 1444 belong.

In terms of content and weight, this find also gives Like the previous one, it poses a riddle for us. Because the one related to him Arnswalder gave his denarii an average weight of 0.25 gr. and a salary of .200. Here the salary is Significantly lower, determined between 0.140 and 0.167, On the other hand, the weight is greater, although with significant fluctuations kungen, between 0.25 and 0.38 gr.

D. The discovery of Doelitz,

who arrived in the spring of 1887 not far from Stargard in Pomerania. was dug, is the previous and the two Arns- waldern (see also vol different from all those observed so far, that it is not just vaginal coins, but also Rhenish gold guilders, eleven in number, has included. His 829 coins are distributed as follows:

Rhenish gold guilders.

1} Emperor Sigismund. Lüneburg 1 ex.

2) Emperor Friedrich III, Frankfurt (Cappe, K. Mz. III, 737, but Q instead of the Weinberg sign between the feet of the saint) 1 ex.

3) Mainz. Archbishop Konrad III, minted in Höchst, with St. Peter above the coat of arms, Rf. in the quatrefoil the wheel surrounded by 4 coats of arms (similar to cap 585) 1 ex.

4) Mainz. Konrad III, Bingen, with the archbishop above Coat of arms, Rf. in the trefoil the wheel in the shield 1 ex.

306 H. Dannenberg:

Braodenburg, Friedrich L, 1415-1450. 24) Adler, Ä/. Helmet on the left. (Vol. V, Plate IV 55 d. Z.) 1 Ex.

25) Hohlpfennig. Eagle in the blasted edge. (Similar Weidhas XII, 11) 1 ex.

26) Hohlpfennig. Half eagle and four millstones in the right radiated Rande (Weidhas XIII, 5) 1 ex.

Of course, it is not entirely certain whether this is the Stendaler Coat of arms or again only the Brandenburg eagle is shown is; By the way, that doesn't matter to the main point.

27) Hohlpfennig. The Brandenburg helmet in the blasted Verge. (Weidhas XII, 6-9) 4 Ex.

Wroclaw. 28) Head of John the Baptist, to his Right St. Andrew's Cross, RJ. The Silesian eagle. (peace- castle, schles. Mint No. 555 b) 1 Ex.

Was also represented at Arnswalde with 12 pieces.

The German Order. 29) The Grand Master's shield on long cross, Rf. Order shield on long cross. (Vol. VII, Plate II 3 d. Z.). Weight of 10 pieces 3.38 gr. 15 copies

The discovery appears to be about this previously very rare coin her from me a. a. 0. S. 1 60 instructed time to move up.

30) Burgthor, above it a cross, R/, order shield on a long cross. (Vossberg Prussian Mz. Plate IV 104). Fine content 0.148 gr., weight of 10 pieces 3.74 gr. 77 Ex.

There is no such thing on any of these otherwise uncommon coins Above the castle gate you can see a T, as Vossberg states, The existence of such a species would of course be impossible not, especially with regard to the Grand Master shillings 0, 5H and t, to designate Danzig, Marienburg and from Thorn.

31) Hohlpfennig with a cross (similar to Vossberg III, 58)

lEx.

The allocation is not harmless.

Poland, Vladislaw Jagiello (1382-1434). 32) eagle,

RJ. Crown (Bandtke III 42) 8 copies

33) Eagle, RJ, Cross. (Weight of 10 pieces 3,UGr.) 53 copies.

The Doelitz discovery. 307

5) Trier. Otto, Coblenz, with standing archbishop (similar. Bohl 6) 1 ex.

6) Cologne. Theodoric, Bonn, with John the Baptist, RF, fourth coat of arms in the trefoil, in the angles of which three coats of arms (Cap 1026) 1 ex.

7) Cologne. Theodoric, Bonn. The saint above the coat of arms, Rf. like 6 (Cap 1032) 1 Ex.

8) Cologne. Theodoric, Riel. The saint above the coat of arms Rf. quartered coat of arms, surrounded by four smaller coats of arms in a border of four arches and four pointed arches (Cappe 1066) 1 ex.

9) Cologne. Theodoric, Riel. Fourth coat of arms on long Crosses, Rf three coats of arms in cloverleaf position, anno 1433 (Cap 1072) 1 ex.

10) Palatinate. Ludwig III, Bacherach, with enthroned Savior, Rf. four coats of arms in the angles of a floral cross (Köhne N. F. P. 144 No. 331) 1 Ex.

11) Palatinate. Ludwig IV, Bacherach, with fourth coat of arms on a long cross, Rf three coats of arms in a cloverleaf position (Köhler Duk. K. 2042) 1 ex.

Pomerania. 12) Casimir VL Greif, Rf. big Q (Dbg. P. TU 39) 1 Ex.

13) Announcement Large penny with ray and griffin 2 copies.

14) Bart. Grosspfennig, similar Dbg. III 71 with HO KS

BÄ. . Greif, Ä/. ffiO KS § B. . . 1 ex.

Here it seems, contrary to the assumption Vol. XVI, P. 103 No. 13 d. Z. both sides have the inscription moneta civitas to wear a beard.

15) Colberg. Two crossed crooks, RF Greif

4 ex.

1 6) Demmin. Large penny with lily, Rf. Cross, in which right upper corner a lily (Dbg. P. II 75) 1 ex.

17) Demmin, the same, but still in the left lower angle a a 1 ex.

18) Garz. Denarius with nettle leaf, Rf. Greif 1 Ex.

308 ^* Dannenberg:

19) Golnow. Denarius with two crescents and four stars, RF, Greif 4 Ex.

20) Greifswald. Witte with griffin, RF. Bar shield on long cross (Dbg. P. S. 61 No. 81) 1 ex.

21) Greifswald. Large pfennig of the same stamp GRIPaSW (a.a. 0. 82) 15 Ex.

22) Greifswald. Large pfennig of the same stamp GRIPaSWO 4 Ex.

23) Greifswald. Large pfennig of the same stamp GRIPaSWOIi and GRIPaSWO-i 2 Ex.

24) Pyritz. Denarius with rose and griffins 2 ex.

25) Pyritz. Quadruple with JßOßaTK ßOVÄ 1 Ex.

26) Stargard. Denarius with a six-pointed star, in which Middle ring and ball, one ball at each angle 579 Ex.

So more than two thirds of the total mass.

27) Stargard. Grosspfennig with griffins, RJ. $ßD6 Sat ROQ ßOT cross with 4 stars in the angles (Dbg. P. II 89) 2 ex.

28) Stargard. Four of the same character, but without writing

5 copies

29) Szczecin. Witte with griffin head shield on a long one Cross, Rf. Greifen (Dbg. P. IV 93) 1 ex.

30) Szczecin. Large penny with griffin head, RF griffin (Dbg. P. II 92) 2 Ex.

31) Szczecin. Hollow penny with griffin head 3 copies.

32) Szczecin. Denarius with griffin head, RF griffin 3 ex.

33) Szczecin. Denarius with griffin head in shield, RF Greifen (Dbg. P. IV 91) 1 ex.

34) Szczecin. Quadruple with SoToGoToIoftoSRoO griffin head, RF griffin (in different types) 52 Ex.

35) Stralsund. Large pennies with a ray and a cross without Badge, cross with 2 ringlets, cross with 2 crosses in 2 counter angles 9 Ex.

36) Unrecognizable: 1 Witte and 4 Denarii 5 Ex. Mecklenburg. Rostock. 37) Large penny with griffins, Rf

Cross 13 Ex.

The Doelitz discovery. 309

Brandenburg. 38) Hollow pennies with eagle (1 in smooth, 3 in the edge of the rays) 4 Ex.

39) Hollow pennies with helmet 4 copies.

40) Hollow pennies with helmet (Obol) 1 ex.

41) Prenzlow. Quadruples. PROffiSLOV Hohenzollern shield, RF Adler (Weidhas XH 20) 2 Ex.

Stop. 42) Hohlpfennig with the coat of arms; (blasted Margin) 1 copy.

Meissen. 43) Groschen from Frederick the Quarrelsome (d. 1428), Wilhelm II the Rich (d. 1425) and Frederick the Simple people (f 1440) F. W. F. 1 Ex.

Bohemia. 44) Vladislaw, Prague Groschen 4 Ex.

German Order. 45) Grand Master Michael (Vossberg P. 159, Vni. Art.) 2 Ex.

46) Grand Master Michael (Vossberg p. 159, IX. Art.) 24 Ex.

47) Grand Master Paul 51 Ex.

48) Grand Master Konrad V. 51 Ex.

49) Grand Master Ludwig (Vossberg p. 172, I. Art. with Dfl

1 ex.

50) Thorn. Denarius with Thor, Rf, medal shield (Vossberg No. 104) 2 Ex.

Because of Ludwig von Erlichshausen's shilling (No. 49), who ruled from 1450 to 1467, we will find our find around 1460.

H. Dannenberg.

Literature.

Le B''° J., de Chestrct de Haneffe, numismatique de la Principautö de Liege et de ses döpendances (Bouillon, Looz) depuis leurs aimexions. IL game. Brussels 1890. 4**. pp. 249-466 and pages 30-54.

Quickly refer to the first volume discussed in Vol. XVI p. 359 the second followed. It begins with Bishop George, who died in 1545 first Thaler, the predecessors notably under Robert de Berghes and Geiard de Groesbeeck, who appeared in large numbers, were defeated has and goes up to Bishop Johann Theodor, 1744 - 1763, after which only Sedisvacancy coins appeared until 1792. Attached are the coin descriptions and explanations a short addendum to the first volume, news about the Stamp clineider, which only begins in the 16th century, and documents (pifeces justificatives), as well as the a. a. 0. missing people directory. Everything there is appreciative about the first Volume is said, will also apply to this second one However, the plan of this magazine prohibits us from going into more detail. Every reader will be pleased that the long-awaited who lack a monograph on such an important coin was remedied in such a comprehensive manner. H.D.

ITekrolog.

On June 24, 1890 the royal passed away. Saxon Hofrath Dr. jur. Albert Erbstein. Born on July 3, 1840, he saw influenced his studies almost because of his family circumstances the coin customer pointed out, who was already the father and grandfather father (this author of the “numismatic fragments”, that of the “Bractate find from Wolkenberg*). had. After completing his law studies, he took up his surviving older brother, Dr. Julius E. a position at the Germanic museum that had just been founded at the time Nuremberg, which helped him to expand and deepen his knowledge of German antiquity. A fruit of this Nuremberg's stay was the careful list of the old Nuremberg coin collection of Isaac Payer, which he, like almost all subsequent works in community written with his aforementioned brother, a promoting example There is no other interaction like our literature can boast has. Both of their lives flowed together so intimately connected brothers: they both felt each other after a few years prompted both of them to resign from their positions at the Germanic Museum They took over the order and listing of the famous ones Schulthess's thaler collection, the excellent Schellhass's Collection of medieval coins as well as the classification of the large-scale like V. Romans' see collection of medieval coins in the K. coin Cabinet in Dresden, of which the relevant ones are extremely instructive Directories (“the Knights of Schulthess-Rechberg'sche Münz- and medal collection", "the Schellhass coin collection ** and “the Royal Coin Cabinet in Dresden, duplicates etc.”) be a permanent souvenir, of course no drawings of the type of common mayflies, but rather, manuals of lasting value, significant through numerous interspersed educational comments and more

312 Obituary.

simple little treatises like the one on the community coin by Richard von Friesack and Johann von Plotho, about the Bracteates from Adorf etc. Monographs about the important Bracteate find from Trebitz, “on the history of medieval coinage the Counts of Mansfeld", ^ Coin history about Langen- salza", ^Italian imitations of Swiss etc. coins* along with a few articles in magazines (“the coin find from Zöckeritz" in Vol. V of the Z. and "on the history of the double Adler" in the Anzeiger f. Kd. of the German Prehistoric Period 1864 and 1868) filled the next period until he was given the opportunity in 1882. administration of the Royal Coin Cabinet in Dresden and several transferred to other collections. But they were found here There are so many urgent works that there is no time left for literary work Activity in the field of coin studies became more limited, and only individual articles in the Journal of Museology and "from Dresden collections" came to perfection. If but also from the comprehensive knowledge and the mature Experience of the immortalized perhaps yields a richer harvest one might have expected in this field, but that is what one will expect He cannot fail to receive praise because he only ever does exemplary things and well-thought-out things, and we will follow the Hoflf- can be comforted that the brother, the participant of his Research, as it were, as a dear legacy from and those that began with it, especially those that have been gone for so long Spoken version of the denarius find by Brümmerloh and the addition of the v. Bring Posern's work to an end will always be there for the loved one who has died and for oneself, honorable memory.

H.D.

Instead of plate X (see p. 167) you can read: plate VI.

Register.

A

A. Emissions mark on copper coins zen Constantin's 127th token of the Follis Constantin^s 117.

Abbasids 273 fg

al-Abb&siya 274.

Abolla 167.

AbraSahr 273. 279.

Abydos 169. 177. 237.

AchiUens 116. 117.

Adalbero II v. Metz 202.

Adela "^04

Adelheid and Otto 204. 211.

Aderbeig&n 272.

Eagle on coins from Abydus 117. 169. 237. Chalcis 3. Elijah 5. Namia 2. — between two field sign: Nineveh 239. — with Gany- med: Ilioma 9.

ADLO(cutio) AVG. Inscription: Co- rinth, Nero 182.

ADVE(ntus) AVG. Inscription: Corinth, Nero 182.

ADVENTVS AVG. Inscription: Allectus 231.

A€V == ave. Inscription of a brand Burgenian denarius 104.

Egypt 25.

Aelin's (?) coin v. Elaea 192.

Aeropns 234.

African influence. Maximian 1*25.

Afrtkija 274. 278.

Agathokleia 240.

Agblabids 278.

A3I. Syracub 171. 178.

Actaeon. head. Lampsacus 6.

Albert v. Helmstedt 32.

Albert D. Bear 246.

Albrecht, Duke T. Prussia 230.

Alezander d. Qr. head on a con- tomatoes 162.

Zeitochrift for Numiematik. XVII.

Alexandria. Coin of Trajan 26th — urban character 1 16 fg. — Reich- mint 117.

Allectus. Minting of the Y^q gold pieces 46. 231.

Altar. Mark: Anactorium 172.

Araalthea with the child Zeus. Sidon 24.

Amazon riding. Hyrgalea 22.

Amblada 12.

Amorium 19.

Amphictyons 177.

Anactorium 171.

Anastasius. Extensive copper coinage 135. 162. 164. — value characters on copper coins 81.

Anemurium 18.

Stop recoinages 105. 309.

Anchor. Bridge 248.

Auklam 307.

Anna v. Austria 227.

Anthemius. Contomiat 162.

Antioch 41. 195.

Antiochus IV BC Commagene 18.

Antoninianus 1 1 3. antoninianus aureus 152.

Antoninus Pius 244. Caesarea Capp. 193. Corasesium 16. Ephesus 10. Hyrgalea 22. Minoa 236. Nicaea 190 fg.

Antoninus and M. Aurel. Antioch 195.

C. Anthony 241.

Aphrodisias 1 1 .

Aphrodite. Head: Corinth 175 fg. Salamis 19.

Apollo, standing: Holmi 237. Iliiun 9. Lampsacus 170. — with bow and Torch: Mopsuesta 17. — sitting: Delphi 177. Phaloria 236. — Head: Abydos 237. Chalcidice234. Cypcrn 238. Damastium 3. Nar... 1 Phaloria 23G. Sicyon 4. — ekatos: Ilium 9. — Leukates: Nicopolis 17.

21

314

Register.

AnOAAAN. Strategist of Hjrgalea 22. Apollonius y. Tyana. Contomiat 163. Apolloius. Contomiat 163. Aknileiah. Mint of Maxentias

1 26. Florentine mint holder 266. Arbitrage with Constantius' copper

159. Arethnsa. Head: Sjracns 171. Argo. Sidon 25. Argos 6.

Argos Amphilochium 172. uQyvQoue 68. API. Anactoriam 173. Ariminnm. Mint of Maxentius

126. Aristotle 6. Arminya 272. 274. Amae 1.

Arsinoe. Ephesus 10. Arsinoe in 25. Artemis, sitting: Phaloria 236. —

standing: Selinn's 17th epithet.

Corinth 174. — next to the deer:

Abjdos 169. Ephesia: Minoa 286. As 81. 141 fg. ACKAHnioc. Inscription: Philomelium

82. AsUepios stamp. Philomelium 22. Astarte car. Counterstamp. Sidon

25. Astragalus. epithet. Corinth 173. Athens 4. Augsburg 203. Augustus: Lystra 14. unconfirmed mint

location 195 fg. Aarelian. Attempts at coin reform 187.

Qoldcoin barrel 39. Yerbot the

urban characteristics 117. Aurelianus argenteus 152. M. Aurel and Antoninas. Antioch

195. Ansfuhrrerbot of precious metals 220.

b.

B. Emission mark on copper coins zen Constantin's 127.

Bagag. . . Cibyra 21.

Bacharach 307.

Bahram V 271.

Bahrfei dt, E., The coinage of the Mark Brandenburg Ton the oldest times until the beginning of the Re- yation of the Hohenzolleen... spoke Y. Dannenberg 102.

Bactria 289 fig.

Balkh 274.

Baltic Slavs 109.

Baris 13.

Bart 307.

al-Basra 274.

Bassianus Caracalla. Ceretape 20.

Official names on coins at the moment

of Antoninus only in Asia and By-

zanz 191. Begiden 210.

Behaim, Th., mint master in Vienna 219. Bellerophon. Corinth 174. Mountain God. Ephesus 10. Trimming the solidi 52. 78. Biagota 107. Bee. Abydos 237. Bingen 305.

Episcopal family coats of arms 297» Lightning. Symbol: Lampsacus 6.

Syracuse 171. BAOZAN. official. Ephesus 10. Bohemia 107 fg. 205 fg. 266. 287. 809. Bow and quiver. Ephesus 10. Bogislaus and Kasimir t Pottunem 290. Boleslaus I, II, UI t. Bohemia 107 f^.

205 fg. Boleslaus III y. Bridge 248. Boleslaus Chrobry y. Poland 108^ 248. Boleslaus y. Poland 293w Bologna» Florentine Muni tenant 966. Bonn S07.

BOZE, Bohemian Mfiniaufschrift 105. Brandenburg 98. 102ijg:. 246. 250.

287. 293. 300. 306. 809. Braunschweiger Bracteatenabdniek

on a Qlocke 27. Brena 105.

Wroclaw 215. 224. 283. 306. Bretislaus I y. Bohemia 211. Bridge 248. Britain. Drainage of the \(q Gk>ld8t&eke

145. — Equation of SolidHS with

20 Miliarense 149. Brunn. Munitag Ferdinatid'B I 817. Brutus 241. Bukhara 274.

C

Cadi 19.

Caduceus. epithet. LencM 179. Caesarea Gapp. 193. Calimala 256 fg. Cammin 297. 302.

L. Caninius Agrippa, II Tir. Corltttiil88.

Caracallae Ceretape 20. Colybnattti

15. Sebaste 23. Contomiat 164.

Register.

315

Camnsias. Minting of % gold coin 42. 146.

Carinas. Gold coin fiiss 39.

Camnntam. Congress 123. 307.

Casca Longns 241.

Gassiodor 71 fg.

Gentenionalis 58. 63. 144. — as Festive coin issued 1 22 ^. — provided with an image of a god Constantine 1 34. - with the value designation 1 «= 10 provided by Anastasius to Justin 135.

Half centenionalis with a god picture 134. — with the value designation € = 5,135.

Ceretape 20.

Cestrus 14.

Chalcidice. Didrachm 234.

Chalcis 3.

de Chestret de Haneffe. Numis matiqne de la principant^ de Liege «es d^pendances depuis leurs an- nexions II, reviewed by Dannen- mountain 310.

Ohimaera. Corinth 17.^. Attribute: Oorinth 174.

abyra 21.

Claudius Gothicus 244.

Ti. Claudius Optatus, II vir. Corinth 183. 187.

Clipeus aureus 94.

CN. Token of half siliqua of Justin. 67. 82.

Coblenz 307.

Cöslin 302.

Colberg 298. 303. 307.

Collectarii. Guild of Changers 80.

Colosseum. Gold seal of Frederick I Barbarossa 257.

Coljbrassus 15.

Commode. Elaea 193. Ilium 9.

Constans. Mint Trier 51. Me- daillen on the Quinquennalia 70.

Constantinople, at the inauguration coins issued by the city 129.

Constantine, Caesar. Gallic Sil- coins 64. Elimination of the Follis 126. 150. Expression of the /4 gold piece 148. Creation of the Solidus, waiver of a uniform system of three metals 148.

Constantinus U. Miliarense and silicon qua 66.

Constantius Chlorus. imprint of the Xo gold piece 147. - desSol^^lus ^7

Constantine. Coin reform without redemption of the denarius 132. 153. fall the currency 134. Minting of the Centenionalis 123rd medal on the celebration of the Vicennalia 70.

Constantine Gallus. Miliarense 60.

Contomiates 162 fg. Equation with Vo Pf. and the Follis 163. Private button coin 164.

Coracesium 16.

Corbulo: Dioshieron 181.

Corinth 173 fg. Augustus 196. Nero 181.

Cos I 194.

Crispus, without silver embossing 64. Pre- 129 denarii.

CVSTOS 180.

Cyrillic coin inscription: Boleslaus Chrobry v. Poland 246.

Cypem 19. 238.

D

Daldis 6.

Damastium 3.

Gdansk 306.

Darabgard 272.

Dardann's 6.

Decargyrus. Honorius 66.

Decentius. Miliarense 66.

Diocletian's Decimal System 58. 144.

Decius. Colybrassus 16.

Delphi 3. 177.

Dolphin. Namia 2. — two dolphins:

Argos 6. — Suffix: Sicyon 4.

Sidon 6. Demeter on the serpent chariot:

Coracesium 1^. — striding: Hyr-

galea 23. — standing: Alexandria 26.

— Head: Lampsacus 169. Demmin 295. 298. 30:^ 307. Demonetization of small bronzes 1 16. Demos. Head: Hyrgalea 22. Denarius. Inscription German Brac

teaten 247. Denarius, Roman copper coin 71. = %oooo gold pounds 37. — Be- cancellation by Constantius 132. 153.

— Coinage from 360-395 134. Teutonic Order 306. 309. Deventer 204.

Dicaea 2 fg.

Didia Clara 241.

Diocletian. Coin policy 36 fg. coin systems 63rd shape of the year 286 139. Form of the year 296 142. Before»» 6^^ year 301 143.

21*

• • f

316

Register.

Gold 39 fg. Silver 57 fg. Copper

71 fg. Price dict 143. Dionysus, as a boy, sitting: Cadi

20. Magnesia 20. — next to the

Panther: Ceretape 20. Dioshieron Lyd. Nero 181. Dioscuri at the Argo. Sidon 25. P. Domitias. II vir. Corinth 184. Domitius Domitianus 117. Donebauer, M. Description of the

Collection of Bohemian coins and

Medals, discussed by Dannen-

mountain 206. Double denarius = Follis 1 18. Dortmund 203. 204. 211. drachma. AÜien 4. 74. tripod. Supplement: Terina 171. Tripod. Damastium 3. Duodecimal system of the Kömer 58.

Abolition by Diocletian 144.

Restoration through the sons

Constantine 153.

E

Boar. epithet. Corinth 174. Eimbecker bracteate impression on one

Bell 27. Eirene. Lokrian 6. Exarog Apollo. Ilium 1. Elaea 192. Elagabalus. Pugnesta 17. Nineveh 239.

Sidon 24 fg. Elis 5. Emisa 242. Issue marks on copper coins

Constantine's: a. b. r. iir. 127. Emma y. Bohemia 107. 207. Emmerich y. Amboise 249. England 212. cf. Britain. Ephesus 10. ^Emffayi^g 191.

Erbstein, A. Necrology 311.

Esslingen 211.

Esthland 90 fg.

EYA. Syracuse 171. 178

Euboea 3. 167.

Eumenia 22.

Owl. Athens 4th Bz. Corinth 173.

Eutimins. Contomiat 163.

F

Faber, Fr., towards Köckritz, town screamer over in Breslau 214. Torch. Narnia 2. Counterfeiters 52.

I Fausta. Denarius 129 - no silver I coin 64.

Faustina min Cestrus 14. Blum 9. Lystra 14.

Felicium temporum reparatio 36. 153.

Ferdinand I 213 fg. 282.

Flaccus (spot). Medal 256.

Flanders. Florentine mint holder

266. florenus flandrensis ponderis 93.

stain. Medal 256.

Florence 258 fg.

Florentine mint masters abroad 266 fg.

River god. Lystra 14.

Follis 52. — Little Follis 62. Equation with the double denarius and ^2 Sil] qua 77. 83. Justification 122. Ban by Constantin 126. 150. Prohibition in the year 395 160. — Grosser Follis 68. 144. Introduction at the time of the price edict 85. Equation with >^ Pfd Kapfer 84.

— Silberfollis (dependent) 84.

— Goldfollis fhat failed) 85. — Follis, a. Senator tax 82.

Frankfurt am Main. Gold guilders 305. Freiberg. Florentine mint tenants

267. 288.

Frederick I, Barbarossa. Golden

Seal 256. Frederick III, Emperor. Frankfurter

Gold guilders 305. Frederick II v. Brandenburg 287. 301. Frederick of Liegnitz 222. 280. Friedrich von Schagen, Vogt of

Wildeshausen 248. Fiftieth gold coin of Diocletian

45. 144. Fulvia, city 21. Fulvia, Gem. d. Anthony 21.

G

Galerius. Ceutenionalis 123 Gallienus. Ephesus 11. - deepest

Status of silver money 136 Ganymede. Ilium 9. Garz 303. 307. Genio populi Roinani. inscription of

ceutenionalis 123. Gentilis, Florentine mint master 261. George Poděbrady v. Bohemia 287. Geta. Amorium 19. Ephesus 11.

Siocharaz 23. Gittelde 32. Bells with coin decoration 27.

Register.

317

Godefried, mint master in Prenzlau 292.

Göttingen Bracteatenabdmck on one Bell 27.

Görlitz. Groschen 229. Coin book 288.

Gold. In the Roman Empire in the third and fourth century. 39 fg. — Climb of value compared to silver 80. — Decline in value against over the copper since Julian 77. — Increase in the gold pound ConstantMi 56. — Size of the gold coins 49 fg. — gold coins too %^ pounds 44. 144. 145. to %q pounds 42. 45. 49. 149. not adjusted 140. to %o pounds 41. to '/^ pounds (solid- dus) 46 fg. to 1 J^ seventieth Pf. 44.

GoUnow 106. 303. 307

Gorgon murder. Daldi's 6th Orchome nos 6. Sebaste 23.

Goslar bracteate impression on one Bell 27.

Gratian 80.

Graz 284.

Greifswald 308.

Guhde, Rolff, Münzeisenschneider 268.

H

Rooster. Dardanus 6.

Ualberstadt bracteate impression a bell 27.

Hall. Florentine mint tenants 267.

Hamadan 271.

Hamburg bracteate impression a bell 27.

Harold 212.

Harthama, governor 274.

al-Haruniyah 276.

Henry II, Emperor. Dortmund 211.

Henry I v. Baiem 203.

Henry II y. Bavaria 203.

Henry I v. Hildesheim 34. 247.

Heinrich Dusemer, Grand Master 90.

Helena. No silver coins 64.

Helios, head. Attachment: Corinthl74.

Helmet. Cibyra 21. Symbol: Co- rinth 173.

Hera, standing: Dioshieron 181. — Head: Argos 6.

Heracleitos. Ephesus 11.

Heracles, two-headed: Baris 13. — lion-wrestling: Syracuse 170. — sitting: Agathokleia240. — standing: Phaestum7. — Head: Aeropus 234 (?) Lampsacus 169. Dicaea 2. 3. Con- Tomiat 162.

Hermes, fastening sandals: Leucas 173. — Head: Lampsacus 169.

Hermann, bell founder in Hildes home 27.

Hesse. Groschen 287 fg.

Hierapolis 22.

Hilaritas: Didia Clara 241.

Hildesheim. Bracteate 34 fg. 247.

Highest. Gold guilders 305.

Holmoi 237.

Homer. Contorniat 163.

Honorius. Coinage reform of 395 134. Centenionalis 162. Decargyrus 66.

Horace. Contorniat 163.

Dog, next to Talos 7. Symbol: Argos Amph. 172.

Hyrgalea 22.

J.

Jaromar v. Cammin 297.

Jaromar v. Complaints 294.

Idrisids 277.

le lai emprins bien en aviengne Auf- writing of a medal Karl d. Kühnen 250.

al-Jemana 276.

nium 9.

Invicta Roma. Contorniat 164.

Joachim II v. Brandenburg. lead medal 250.

S. John 290.

John V. Cammin 297.

John V. Hildesheim 34. 35.

John V. Küstrin 222. 230.

Johanniter 249.

Jost, Domnig. Mint master in Breslau 222.

Jotape from Commagene: Selinus 17.

Isbahan 274.

ISTHMIA. Coin inscription. Corinth, Nero 187.

Jewish mint masters 268.

Julia Domna: Amblada 12.

Julia Mamaea: Coracesium 16.

Julia Soaemias: Sidon 25.

Julianus. Silver coin 65 fg. — returns back to the order of Constantine 154. 159.

Julius, Divus. Contorniat 162.

Julius Nepos Siliqua 66.

C. Julius Polyaenus, II vir, Corinth 184. 187.

IVPPITER LiBERATOR, mounted on Noro attractive coin inscription. Patrael80.

Justinian 47. 69. 79.

318

Register.

Jnstiii 66. 82. Werthxahleo on the

half volume Tiertel Siliqna 165. Instinct of the emzel coins 46.

Emperor, riding. AUectns 2dl. mop suesta 17.

Callippos. Abjdos 237.

Callisto Orchomenos 6.

Carthage, mint of Maxentias 126.

Charlemagne 245.

Charles the Simple 245.

Charles the Bold y. Borgnnd. Medal 249.

Casimir VI y. Stettin 301. 307.

KtQaiiov 65.

Kerman 274.

Kiev, Boleslans Chrobry 246.

Kleinater 283.

Small bronzes of Diocletian 113 fg.

Knut 212.

Cologne 202.

Königsberg i d. Nenmark 103.

Kolditz 288.

Conrad I, King. Mainz 245.

Konrad y. Hildesheim 84.

Konrad y. Minden 32.

Konrad in t. Mainz. Goldgalden 305.

Konrad y. Yerden 31.

Konrad V, Grand Master 309.

basket. Elaea 192.

Carniola 282 fg.

Krappe, H., Munzontemehmer in Wroclaw 215. 221.

Al-Kufa 274.

Kuno Y. Minden 32.

Copper. Lack of copper in the 5th century 161. 156 ^. — Increase in value the gold compared to 77. — Bück- production 157. — copper calculation in the 3rd and 4th centuries. 7 1 fg. — copper coins 113 fg. — Curs- Modifications of the same 156. — Melting them down under con- stantins n 158. — Priyat copper mftnzen 164. — PriYatkupferprüfungt- ration 393 Yerboten 160.

Kutná Hora 218. 229.

Kjane. Head: Syracuse 171.

L.

Lacanitis 18. Lampsacus 6. 169 fg. Jjaon 245. AAi'. Chalcis 3.

Leipzig 288.

Leo 72.

Leonhard Yon Keutschach 249.

Leto Yor Python fleeing 11th — with

Apollo and Artemis in their arms (statue)

Ephesus 10. Leucas 172 fg. Licinius. Minting of the '^^ gold piece

45. 149. — no silver coinage 64.

~ Embossing of Follis 126. 127. Liegnitz. Florentine miner tenants

267. Limjra 12. Leo. Cammin 297. Additional symbols:

Syracuse 171. London, Roman Mint 39.

Coins of DiYus Constantius 47.

Penny of Knut 212. 266.

AOYKEIAAIOY ANTANIOY. Archou

Yon Sebaste 23. Lucius Caesar (LuciusYerus). Elaea 1 92 Lubic 209.

Ludwig n, Emperor 245. Ludwig m, Count Palatine 307. Ludwig m Y. Hesse 287. Ludwig, Grand Master 309. Ludwig n Y. Hungary 215 fg. Ludwigsmark 95. Lübeck. Florentine mint tenants

267. 268. — Lübische Pfennigs 93.

— Lübische Florene 90^. Lüneburg. Gold guilders 305. Luxembourgers in Brandenburg 300. Lyra: Nar... 1. AYXi. Anactorium 171. Lystra 14.

Ma*den eS-täS 276.

al-Mahdi 276.

Magnentius. Miliarense 66.

Magnesia ad Sip. Nero 181.

Milan. Florentine mint tenants 266.

Mainz. King Conrad I 245. Otto

203. Gold guilders 305. Maiorianus. Gontomiat 152. Majorinus. Coin of Constantius 132. Marca puri argenti 92. ColonifBsis

ponderis 92. Maria y. Hungary 215. Marienburg 306. Mask: Caesarea Capp. 193. Maxentins. Kippermünistätteii 126.

Coins Yon LYon 48. Tarraoo 48.

148. not Yon Trier 48. eentenionalis

123. follis 125. miliarense 64.

Register.

ai9

MaxiiniMi. Gold coin 43rd eente-

nionalis 123. Maziminns I. Ephesas 11. Nineveh

239. Gold coin barrel 39. Maximinns II 49. 115. centenionaliB

123. Maximus. Nineveh 239. Mecklenburg 290 fg. 300. Bracteate

print on a Qlocke 27. Medinet es-Sal&m 275. Mehl, Balth., Coin Entrepreneur in

Wroclaw 215. Meissen-Thuringian groschen 288. 309. Melnik 207. P. Memmius Oleander, n vir. Corinth

182. 185. Merano 267. Merw 273. 275. 281. Mesma 234.

Metallum germanicum: Karl d. Gr. 245. ex metallo novo: Karl d. Gr. 245. Metz 202.

MICI DEDI ET EMIETT 103.

Michael, Grand Master 309.

Miesko y. Poland 239.

MUet 11.

Miliarense == i^ 57. 59. 82. = •/, (Constantine) 150.

MiLOST. Polish coin inscription 105.

Minden 33.

Mine 68.

Minoa 236.

Monan, P., mint master in Sweden nitz 215.

Mopsuesta 17.

Mozeani 24.

al-Muetas in billah 276.

Münsterberg 215.

Coin book in Görlitz 261.

Mint officials and workers, Florentines 265.

Coin finds, Greek: Avola 167 fg. Asia Minor 178. Peloponnese 5. — Roman of the early period: Minden 231. Soft tendon ligaments 244. — red mix the diocletian - constanti- niche period: Annecj 130. Aubonne 115. Bawtrylld. Blackmoor 1 15. Bristol 130. Chepstow 131. Gleeve 52. Cobham Park 133. Confeld 115. Dalheim 130. Dhron 131. East Harptree 59. Eller 128. 130. Emmersweiler 115. Erdorf 130. Ermsdorf 131. Eyenly 129. Pall mouth 129. Frohme 131. Geneva 115. Han sur Lesse 115. Heddert 115.

Holwaj 59. Jersey 130. Imsbaeh 115. Little Malyem 115. Lower because 131. Ollmuth 132. Orscholz 137. Bheinzabem 133. Salisbury Rain 130. Strasbourg 115. Trier 134. Vezenaz 115. Weeze 131. — Arabic iPinnow 270 fg. — German the Saxon-Franconian emperors time: Frankenstein 210. Obersitzko 108. Olobok 202. Peisterwitz 107. Stülp 109. Tureff 108. — German Bracteates: Living out 34. Bünstorf 105,295. Dölitz305fg. Groningen 34. 35. Gross - Rosenberg 247. Horst 290. Kleinfreden 248. Locomotive stedt 33. im Odenwalde 257. Hall- village 34. Seelensdorf 294. Sieden- castle 33. St. Magnus 33. Verden 33. — of the late Middle Ages: Amswalde 301. Brandenburg 106. Glembokie 293. Klötzin 296. La- Benz 290. Lausitz 283. Noseband 301 fg. Neuendorf 99. Nicolaus village 287. Pinnow 270. Rich 98. Spandau 99. Teschenbusch 296. Zetsenow 305.

Coin cost in Florence 265.

Mint master, Jewish 268. Floren tiner abroad 266 fg. in Florence 258 fg.

Coinage reforms Diocletian's 139 fg. Constantine^s 148. Constantius^ 132. 153. Honorius' 134. Ferdinand's I 214.

Coin collection: Arolsen (princely) 181. Breslau (urban), Gotha (Ducal) 165. Leipzig (University) 31. Milan (urban) 6. Down berg 246. Donebauer 206. Elber- ling 40. 244. Gr^au 8. Grote 248. Löbbecke 1 fg. Pembroke 47. Pon ton d'Amecourt 244. Reinhold 204. Schmidt 248. Trau 47 fg.

al-Muhammadiyah 274. 280.

Mulner, Casp., Mint Master 223.

Mjra Lyc. 12.

Myrrha, turned into a tree Aphrodisias 12.

Myte. Osnabrück coin 28.

N

Nabburg 203.

Nais&bur 272. 276.

Namia 1.

NAY. Anactorium 172.

Naples. Florentine mint tenants 266.

320

Register.

Neisse, episcopal gold coins 215.

Nero. Contorniat 64.

Neronian denarius 60.

NExiKOPHN. r. Ephesus 11.

Nicaea 190 fg.

Nicomedia 138.

Nicopolis 17.

Niedereibische Agrippiner 290.

Nike. Augustas 196. sitting: Terina 171. — sacrificing: Abydus 177.

Nineveh 239.

Nummus 52. Equation with the Ace and the ^/(^ Siliqua under Valenti- nian I 76. 77. 81. Coinage of Anastasius to Justin 135.

0.

o. Value mark of the gold coin

Diocletian's 41. OB. Value symbol of the Solidus 46. Odoacer 185.

Odysseus (?) head. Lampsacus 179. Omaj jaden 271%. Omeriz. Prague pennies from Boleslaus II

109. 207. OMoenMi • • Cadi 19. Oriens Aug. Diocletian 40. Orpheus 178. Location 222.

Orbiana: Colybrassus 16. Osnabrück, imprint of a myth

a bell 28. Ostia. Mint of Mazentius 126. Otto I, Emperor. Dortmund 203. Cologne

202. Otto ni, Emperor. Mainz 203. Rhinestone

castle 203. Otto V Baiem 204. Otto II V, Brandenburg 293. Otto V. Hildesheim 32. Otto V Trier 307.

P

Pallas, head: Anactorium 171 fg. Argos Amph. 1 72. Athens 4. Corinth 173. Holmi 238. Lampsacus 169. Leucas 172 fg. Mesma 243. Syra cus 171. — standing: Holmi 237. — walking: Colybrassus 16. Fulvia 22. — Nikephorus: Bz. co- rinth 174. - during the murder of the Gorgons: Sebaste 23. — over the Argo: Si- thursday 24th

Palmyrene Imperial House 243.

Pan. Head: Lampsacus 169.

Patrae 180.

S. Paul. Denarius v. Wildeshausen 248.

Paul, Grand Master 309.

Pax. Claudius Gothicus 244. cf.

Eirene. Pegasus. Anactorium 172. Argos

Amph. 172. Corinth 173 Leucas

173. Mesma 234. Syracas 171.

Yordertheil in the Qnadratum incusum:

Lampsacus 169. nono. Ephesus 10. Perleberg 105.

Pearl circle. Ref.: Syracuse 170. PERM(i8Su) iMP(eratoris) Corinth 189. Perseus. Daldis 6. Sebast« 23. Persia. Dareiken 169. Peruggia, Florentine.Coin tenant 266. Peter y. ComUlan, Johannitergross

master 249. Petthaloi 235.

Petronius Maximus Contorniat 163. Palatinate 307. Horse, walking: Aeropus 235. —

Yorder part jump out of the rock Gend: Petthaloi 235. Phaestus 7. Phaleria 236. Philibert y. NaiUac, Johannitergross

master 249. Philippeus aerens 152. Philip 242 fg. Ephesus 11. iAiCKOYX. Siocharaz 23. Philomelium 22. Pisa 5.

Pisonic Conspiracy 180. PK, PKE. Value designations of the

Quarter siliqua of Justin 67. 82. Plural coin denomination 249. Pnytagoras, King y. Salamis 19. Polchen 230. 306. Poland 246. Semibracteates 204. H&ib-

groschen 215. 230. PoDunern 290 ijg. Bracteates 295. PONTiFEX. C. Antonins 241. POP.ROMANVS. Inscription of the at

the inauguration of Constantinople

pennies spent 129. Poseidon, head: Lampsacoa 179. Pricing Diocletian's 37. Price: Cadi 19. Prenzlau. Denarius 292. Yierchen 301.

309. Prussia, medal coins 806. 809. Priest with humpback ox: LyttraU. Priestly regalia: C. Antoniiu 941. Princeps inYictus. Maxentin's 125. Private copper coins^Contomiftten 164.

Register.

321

Private coinage 393 offered 160.

Provincial pennies 263.

Point, rare in the coin inscriptions

the diocL-consi period 117. Pyritz 295. 298. 303. 308. Python 11.

R.

Bath, in the recessed square: Chalcis 3.

Ravenna. Siliqua of Jalius Nepos 66.

Regensburg 203.

Regium Brittiorum. Mint of the Maxentius 126.

Regium Lepidi. Mint of the Maxen tius 126.

Reichenstein. Gold guilders 215.

Guide 223 fg. 307.

Riel. Gold guilders 307.

Roma, mint of Maxentius 126. — Florentine mint tenants 266. — Image of the city with d. Colosseum on the bull of Friedrich I 256 fg.

Roma, head: Corinth 189. Contorniat 164.

ROMAE ET IMPERIO. Corinth 188.

Romiüus, son of Maxentius 123. Rostock 308.

Rote, H., mint entrepreneur in Bres- lau 222. y. Rotenhan 222. L. Rutilius Piso, Ilvir. Corinth 182.1 85.

S.

S. Mintmark in Silesian Coins 221.

Sabinus 290.

Saecnlares augg. Uranius 191. 241.

Salamis Cjpri 19.

Salembene, Florentine mint tenant in Lübeck 268.

Sallust, Contorniat 163.

Saloninus; Coljbrassus 16.

Salus. Antoninus 244.

Salzburg 249. 283.

Samanids 210.

Samarkand 274. 279.

Sassanid-Muhamedan coins 274. 279.

Sauermann, Konr., mint master in Wroclaw 215. 283.

Ship: Corinth 182. Sidon 24.

Shield. Bz: Argos Amph. 172. Co- rinth 173.

Snake in the Temple of Asklep: Philomelium 22.

Silesia 213 fg. 282 fg.

Black coin, Florentine, 265.

Schweidnitz 215.

Scipio, Valerius 219.

Scrinium a miliarensibus 57.

Scutati 90. 94.

Sebaste Cü. 18. 23.

Dividing the denarius into sixteenths 82.

Security 244.

Seahorse, forepart. Lampsacus 6.

Selinus 17.

Semis, half denarius. Leo 72.

Senate, head: Corinth 189.

SENATE VI PQ_R. Coriuth 188.

Senator tax, follis 86 fg.

Septimius Severus: Baris 13. Cere- tape 21. Sebaste 23.

Serdica 244

Serra-men-rä 274.

Goodbye. Boehm. Coin inscription 111.

Sestertius Diocletian's 113.

Severus. centenionalis 123. follis 125.

Severus Alexander: Coracesium 16. Nineveh 239. Philomelium 22.

Sicily (?) Augustus 196.

Sicyon 4.

Sidon 24.

Seal and seal stamp 256 fg.

Seal of the mint in Florence 264.

Siegfried v. Cammin 293.

Siegfried v. Hildesheim 24.

Sigismund, Emperor. Lüneburg Gold guilder 305.

Sigismund v. Poland 230.

Silver, preferred by barbarians 154. — Fall in value against above the gold 80. — Curs to Diocletus-Constantine period 155.

— lowest level of silver coins

under Gaul 136. Coins Dio-

Cletians and his successors 57 fg.

— -Medallions of Constantine 69th — -Decoction of the Constantinian denarius 128. — Hardness of silver 100.

Siliqua 59. 65 fg. 153. Siocharax 23. Siscia 123

ZMEPTOPi. Eumenia 22. Pulvia 21. Sobeslaus v. Lubic 209. Socrates: Contorniat 162. JSüDXQcaidtjg, officials from. Damastium 3. Solidus Constantine, gold coin

'^ Pf., adjusted 1 47 fg. Spear. Ref.: Argos Amph 172 SPQR. Mintmark of Serdica 244. Stargard 105. 295. 298 fg. 303. 308. Stasioikos, King of Cypem 238.

822

Register.

Stone of Elagabalus: Uranius Car*

ninus 242. Star: Cammin 247. Bz.: Syracns 170. Stettin 294. 303. 308. Taurus: Phaestus 7. — Front part

Euboea 1 67. — Head in recessed

Square: Dicaea 3. — Skull, Ref.:

Corinth 174. Stigot 91. Stolp 304.

Stolz, M., mint master 222. Stralsund 304. 308. Strasbourg 20S 245 Stüler, Chr., Münzmei8terinBre8laa222. Syracuse 170 fg. Syria. Contomiates 163.

T

Tahirids 279.

Talent, the Bible. 74.

Talos: Phaestus 7.

Tanbuk 272.

Tarraco. Constantine 47. Maxentius 48. 148

Dove: Sicyon 4. Reference: Corinth 174.

Telesphorus. Nicaea 190 fg.

Temenothyrae 22.

Temple of Asclepius with snake: Philomelium 22.

Terentiani = follares, the Contomia ten 164.

Terentius: Contomiat 165.

Terina 171.

Theodoric 79.

Theodoric y. Hey 307.

Theodoric I y. Metz 202.

Theodosius 74.

Thom 306. 309.

Thumeisser. Medallion 251.

Thymiaterion. Ref.: Anactorioma 171.

Thyrsus. Bz: Corinth 173.

Timachares, King y. Cvpem 238.

Titakazos, TnaxaCn^o^oivog 285.

Trajan: Alexandria 26. Nineveh 234. Contomiat 164.

Tranquillina: Limyra 12.

grape. Ref.: Abydos 169.

Trebonianus Gallus: Cadi 19

Treptow a. d. Bega 304.

Trent 267.

Trier, Roman mint 38.

Tripoli Cariae 11.

Troyes Mark 96.

Tyche: Amblada 13. Cestras 14. Coracesiam 16. Lystra 14. Sio- charax 23.

U.

üdalrich y. Bohemia 211.

Hungarian pennies 215.

Ulrich Y. Augsburg 203.

vnarog a •= cos I. Caesarea Capp. 118.

Uranius Antoninus 191. 242.

Urbs Roma. Inscription at the Inauguration of Constantinople given coins 129.

Usedom 299.

Y

Valens. Follis 126.

Valentinian I leasing the gold works to Private 156. Beducirong of the gold pound 56. Prohibition of the Smelting of copper coins 158. Deterioration rank of the follis 159.

Valentinian U80.

Valentinian III 76 fg. 80.

Valerian: Aphrodisias 11. Mopsuesta 17.

Vellus aureus 250.

Front bells 27 fg.

Vespasian deprives Corinth and Patrae the coinage law 189.

Vetranio. Miliariense 66.

viANA (Brena?) 106.

Square deepened: Dardanus 6. Dioaea 2nd — With BUdera: Chalcis 3rd Di- caea 3. Lampsacus 169.

ViÜani, J., Florentine mint master 261.

de Villers, J. Victory stamp 257.

S.Vitus 211.

W.

Wage, not used at Zahlnngea in Diocletus. Time 52.

Waldemar v. Brandenburg 98.

Waldemar IV v. Denmark 90.

Wallla 277.

Wasu 272.

Wechsler in Florence 258 fg.

Woman on a bull. C^em 238.

Grape: Euboea 147.

White pfennig, half 228.

Wendenpfennige 204 211. 290.

Wenzel U, m v. Bohemia 287.

Stamps on Roman gold coins 38. Z«=60 to 1 pound, gold coins

of Diocletian 42. 45. o = 70 to 1 pound, GoUUnünte des Diocletian 41.

Register.

323

OB 1 = 72 aaf 1 pound, solidus LXXIIj of Constantine 46.

On silver coins: XCVI = 96 to 1 pound, Diocletian

43. LXXn = 72 to 1 miliary, Maiorinus

of Constantius 132. CN = 250 to 1 pound, half siliqua

of Justin 67. 82. PKE = 125 1 to 1 Pf., quarter Siliqua PK = 120 1 of Justin 67. 82.

On bronze coins: X= lOnumrai. Denarius Constantin^s 117.

XX =K 120nummi. r double egg XX. I = KA 1 20 nummi. 1 f. I ^*"° J?^

XXI = ak( 1 f. 20 nummi.) constM-

I =A nf. Itin'B 117 f.

Vienna pfennigs 222. Wildeshausen 248.

Witteisbacher in Brandenburg 300. Vladislaus v. Bohemia 309. Wladislaus Jagiello y. Poland 306. Wolgast 299. WolUn 304.

Z

Zereng 274.

Zeus, standing: Limjra 12. Patrae 180. — sitting: Ephesus 10. — Head: Cibyra 21. Elis 5. Lamp- sacus 6. 179. Petthaloi 235.

Zfvg fXfv&iQiog. Nero 180.

Zevg vhXfiff^ÖQog. Colybrassus 15.Li- myra 12. — Child with Amalthea. Sidon 24th Ygl. Jupiter.

znciMOY AOMNOY. Strategist Y. Cere- tape 20.

Zwickau 288.

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