Zeitschrift für Numismatik, vol. 14 — 1887

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divided shield with half a lion on top and three roses below, the other with an empty shield head and also three Roses below (v. Mttlverstedt, medieval seal from the Archbishopric of Magdeburg): but the replacement of the three to two and one set rose by a single rose by the coin die cutter, has nothing strange and finds a variety of simple parallels. The old seal of the city also shows Don't tear the three roses of the Zerbst family, but rather two single roses on either side of a tower and is This makes it even more important to draw conclusions about the coins. as is well known, the coin type of a city is very common influenced the design of his seal and coat of arms. Despite the appearance of the city gate on two of the designated However, the same bracteates are not for urban ones To hold coins: the coin at Zerbst was rather permanent stately and is used as such by both the lords of Barby in documents from 1289 (v. H., cod. dipl. Anh. II. 658) and 1294 (II. 775. 776) as well as the Count of Anhalt in expressly mentioned in a document from 1320 (III. 404). Hence are in agreement with those discussed so far with the coin rows of the Counts of Brena, Regenstein and Wernigerode also Zerbst bracteates with the image of Gentlemen, because of their uniformity with Ascan coins previously counted among these, but through the roses as the crusher origin are characterized. The one of them, in the king located in the coin cabinet, shows the count sitting a rose in each hand, another (Menadier, The Brak- teaton finds from Ausleben and Groningen. Ztschr. d. resin one. XVn, p. 252 no. 232 plate X. 19) on both sides of the the same arch crowned by a turret. Neither Zerbster are of Barby or Mühlingen origin On the other hand, the bracteates of the skull liver find with evil in the hands or to the side of a seated person (Schönemann, Zur patriotic coinage. p. 59, 112); rather, they belong According to size and type, it belongs to the Lower Saxony region are highly probable, as is a bracteate of the Dannen- Berg's collection, which has a man between two towers shows a half-length portrait above an arch with a large rose.

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based on the Episcopal Hildesheim bracteates of was coined by the Counts of Hallermund, one of whom in imitation of the ducal Braunschweig lions pennies struck and marked with the name of Count Ludolf see coin, the one under the lion also has a rose became known through the Bünstorf find (Z. f. N. VII Pl. 1 176). We also have rose bractates known from Silesia (v. Saurma. Plate YL 322. fg.) from Alten- burg (meeting report from December 7, 1885. Z. f. N. XIV. 210) and von Pyritz, the older one known from the Bünstorf find The coins that have become show the rose in the city gate (Z. f. N. VIT Plate 7. 206) while the young people only use the picture of the rose can be seen (Dannenberg, Pomerania's coins in the Middle Ages. IV. A. 13). Finally there are also some of the Counts of Lippe Bracteate-shaped coins minted with a rose (Grote, Münz- studies V plate 6. 67). A mixture of these different ones Genera is excluded by the character of each individual.

Mr. Brinkmann presented the complete series for the Egyptian government in the Berlin Royal Mint minted silver and nickel coins, Mr. v. Merchant a new acquisition from his collection: an unusually beautiful one Preserved, very rare gold coin from Kaisei*s Volusian.

Mr. von Sa 11 et discussed some important new acquisitions Exercises of the Royal Museum: probably from the later Copper coin from the Ice Age of a previously completely unknown Known city of Asia Minor Titakazos" with the head of Demos and standing Fortuna on the back. Similar clinical The names of other cities prove that we are the new unknown The city probably moved to Pisidia or Pamphylia have to. — A city or dynast who is also unknown A small ancient Greek silver coin shows the name with female head and lion head with the inscription EAMMA. — Distinguished by beautiful representation is a well-preserved tenes Didrachmon from Abdera in Thrace with the dancing Girl, as a talking coat of arms of the official Molpagoras (lAoXnij. the dance with singing), one of the existing pieces A coin that far surpasses the museum in terms of beauty of preservation. Then spoke Mr. by Sallet on the portrait of the Kur-

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Prince Joachimll. on the stone relief in the hunting lodge Grunewald. When you enter the gate through its decorative typical Benaissance form and the well-preserved relief* and interior Castle tower decorated with written decorations from 1542 As you enter, you will see a unfortunately on the wall at the top right Modern, poorly painted relief depicting three males Half-body figures are represented. The middle one, full bearded, portly man in a short doublet holds a powerful one Drinking cup with the inscription THEY'S IT'S GOING TO HIS To the right there is a long-bearded man who, by hand, movements his astonishment at the size of the thing that was given to him The one on the left seems to express the courageous drunkenness Middle figure depicted with whiskers holds a very small one Drinking vessel in the left hand and puts the right middle hand figure on the shoulder. The signature of the relief reads:

CASPER THEYS WAS SAL DI SMALL FLAS DI CONCZ BVNTSCHVG HOT IN THE TAS DISER WILKVM MVS ZVVOR HERAVS SVNST WVRT SUCH A LERMAN TRAVS

The meaning of the scene is obviously this: Caspar Theys and Kunz Buntschug (Buntschuh) come with a third unnamed to drink together, Eunz Buntschuh has one for that brought a small cup, but the unnamed person explains it Caspar Theys, this little vessel is no good, it has to be done first this big welcome cup would be drunk, otherwise there would be it noise. What is known about the three characters is Caspar Theys, the famous one, held in high regard by Elector Joachim n standing builder, the builder of Grunewald Castle. The second figure, Gunz Buntschug, is after the first character Distribution of the current lecture in Berlin newspapers appeared, also found in documents. Mr. Archives council Dr. Friedlaender has (cf. a communication from Mr. Geh. Secretary Brose in the Voss. newspaper) found that Kunz Buntschuh, like Theiss, was the builder of Elector Joachim II. was, we have his will and a document in which the elector to his “servants and dear faithful Cuntz Bundschue and Caspar Theisen are both our construction

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master** awards several mining privileges (September 8th. 1539). — One on comparison with other monuments There does not yet seem to be a clear interpretation of the relief give'); Bergau in the inventory of architectural and cultural monuments The province of Brandenburg only mentions it briefly (p. 397) without explanation; Ferd. Meyer (Bär, Vol. VII, 1881 p. 81); explained it like this: the one to the right of the middle figure (to the viewer's left) The standing figure is Elector Joachim IL, the middle figure The big cup in his hand is Kaspar Theyss, the The figure of the Bundschuh with "the little bottle" is inscribed - lich secured. Oskar Schwebel (Bear XII, 1886 p. 267) is with not satisfied with this interpretation, and looks in the figure on the left from the viewer certainly rightly the Kaspar Theyss, in the Central figure of one of his foremen, who gives him the cup he also takes the waistband shoe as a master craftsman Theyss up. Only the elector on the relief could “We want to see gentlemen who are half-educated,” says 0. Schwebel. But let's look at the scene and the inscription: the meaning is there Sure, someone unnamed has Kaspar Theyss and Kunz Bundschuh invited to drink and brings with contempt Looking at the latter's "little bottle" theyss one mighty tankard with the encouraging inscription “They’re it comes forward and clearly hands him the cup, Theyss must therefore be the figure to the viewer's left; the corpulent central figure, but clearly visible through position and group pirung is characterized as the main character of the relief Host, who takes the two builders as carousers has loaded. And who will probably be limited in the small ones The rooms of the hunting lodge are so eye-catching falling pictorial jewelry as a lovable host, who who gives his guests powerful gifts? But truly not a subordinate master stonemason, but Certainly only the owner of the castle, the Elector, who is here in the "GRVNENWALD" by the beautiful lake with its lovely attractions Builders may have emptied many a large “Wilkum”. That

1) This applied to the day of the lecture. Since the documents were discovered The relief has been covered several times in the newspapers about Gunz Buntschuh been.

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the elector himself is depicted on the relief already in and of itself the natural, but whoever is a portrait Joachim II has seen on his coins and medals, there can be no doubt for a moment that one of them Figures, and which ones, are the Elector himself. The middle one very obese man with the broad face and strong full body Beard is so strikingly similar to the portraits of Joachim* on his Medals (model made of Eelheimer stone, from the front, in the Berliner Museum, ill. in: the royal coin cabinet, plate X, from 1560; Profile on the 1537 medal, exhibited in the museum at No. 1287 and on thalers from 1551 and other years) that we can't doubt it for a moment even without any inscription would that the central figure of the Grunewald relief, with which Cup in hand, which is Elector Joachim n. himself, who tells his master builder Caspar, who is standing on his right Theyss the “Wilkum” for a drink and lower themselves appreciated the other builder's “little bottle”. Conz Buntschug, turns away. The value of beautiful reliefs on and in the turret of the Grunewald Castle, according to the Inscription above the door built by the Elector in 1542 is through Securing the princely builder's own portrait and its two builders Theyss and Buntschnh are still significant increased. The whole monument was probably seen as an experience to look at the inner picture of the completion of the castle building: the princely builder in the middle of the two builders inaugurated the finished castle with a festive drink. Would like the outside of the beautifully decorated Renaissance building be preserved in its originality and not like that described relief, destroyed by modern painting and be destroyed!

Mr. Dressel discussed one in the last issue of the Mit- divisions of the German archaeological institute in Rome (1886 p. 179 ff.) from the Stettiner collection Roman libralass, which is on the front under the double The head of Janus shows the inscription lAN^S. Explanatory comments Writings are indeed on ancient works, especially those of cabaret not rare; on an ancient Roman coin, however at least alienate such a person. But never could

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the same, as the editor believes, from the publisher the shape of the coin; rather, they pointed in one raised letters on it located in a recessed rectangle indicates that the inscription with the grave burin was added later Coin buried vfrard. Whatever time that happened may be - the Bach letter shape points to a fairly modern one times - this is not about “the first with Roman Libralass^ provided with writing, but certainly only around a gimmick born of an idle hand. —

Mr. Dannenberg reported on the incident reported in the newspapers Silver find from Ragow (near Lübbenau) that has been mentioned many times. According to its numismatic part, it is only the find Remarkable because of the location, as most such coins of the Xth century usually come to us from Scandinavia, Poland and Russian Baltic Sea provinces. Something new and in- He didn't bring anything interesting; among his 200 coins were no less than 167 of the ordinary Adelheid denarii, while the others were distributed among Maestricht, Cologne, and Herzog Bernhard I of Saxony, Quedlinburg, Magdeburg, Dortmund, Mainz, Speier, Worms, Würzburg, Strasbourg and Regensburg, of which, in foreign components, an Ethelred (Rochester), a Ve- Ronese denarius and a denarius of the Roman emperor Otho were mixed. — Younger than this one, buried around 1010 Find is another illuminated by the same speaker, which this spring in Horst in Pomerania, Pyritz district, been discovered. The same contains, in addition to a string, notes stone beads, a glass bead and a silver hoop, for example 300 coins, half of which are Wendenpfennigs Magde- burger type, the other half those denarii that you previously attributed to the Frankish king Pipin, but that have long been considered imitations of the Andernach denarii of Cologne Archbishop Piligrim are recognized. So far you could because their character was still imitated under Henry the Lion was, for products from the second half of the twelfth Century hold, but their appearance next to the imagined struck in the first half of the eleventh century Wendenpfennigen seems much older to them to instruct.

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Meeting of December 6th«

Mr. von Winterfeld presented gold coins to Sabina, des AeliaSy of the old Faustina, Marc Aure], Commodus and Pertinax, all of which are distinguished by their beautiful style and excellent preservation.

Mr. Weil showed the print of one under Septimius Se- verus copper coin minted in Elis, which depicts the head of Olympian Zeus based on Phidias' gold ivory statue gives. The coin was previously only in a less good condition. copies kept in the Paris cabinet are known.

Mr. Dannenberg submitted the autumn treatise “bescrivelse af Bjergssed Fundet^ before, in which this in Brak issued in Aalborg Abbey (Jutland) in 1860. Teat find, excellently explained, presented in faithful illustrations will lead. It contained all but three Utrecht coins only Scandinavian coins, namely 14 Norwegian and* 134 Danish. The latter, in 40 species, are still all there been unknown. The seven scriptures are particularly important mttnzen: three from King Waldemar I, with the Lamb of God and the inscription AGNVS E, as well as three with the names of the minting places Horsens, Randers and Yiborg, of which those considered royal cial cities (REGIS HORSENES and RE6IS RANDRVSIA) are drawn. However, they are of much historical interest. easily outdone by a series of coins that despite Despite the lack of writing, they speak to us very clearly. You ask each one represents the bust of the king, opposite a second transferred, namely to the queen on the first four, on the fifth that of a bishop. Undoubtedly explained correctly she Mr. Herbst from the well-known events of the last Half of the year 1157. After Waldemar I hardly escaped the persecutions of his co-king Svend Grathe to which their comrade King Canute V fell victim was, he led the latter's beautiful half-sister Sophia home as a wife, then took to his malicious sidekick buhler Svend in bloody field battle crown and life and Claimed himself as sole king by Archbishop Eskiel in Roeskild crown.

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Mr. Menadier initially recommended that recently in four Lamprecht's work published in strong volumes about: “German "economic life in the Middle Ages". Those in the- the same written studies on development the material culture of the flat land based on the sources First of all, the Moselle region is the most extensive and intrusive most anything in this area of history research had been carried out and the position of the same compared to the other branches of history consolidate and strengthen. In particular, coin researchers also have Reason to take note of the work, because in Connections with the overall economic development The archbishopric of Trier also controls coins and money. layer of the same during the Middle Ages based on the Documents and received coins are examined thoroughly and on all sides. acts. First, the coinage law is discussed and followed through the various stages of development, the favoring the establishment of a royal mint at one Places, the granting of the coinage privilege to the prince, the Treating the coinage privilege as a fiefdom and what results from this developing coinage privilege to own coinage and the coinage right to own meal and grain, the training of the terri- torial coinage monopoly and the emergence of new coinage rights same in contrast to this monopoly and by royal Exemption from the same. When the coin police arrive, the secular and spiritual differences, the extent of the Punishments are pursued from the counterfeiters to the counterfeiters, and in particular the monetary offenses of Count von Wied (1342) and the Lord of Isenburg (1380) and their treatment highlighted. A compilation of each follows Mints of the Trier region, in which the mints of the original royal fisci, which was governed by coinage privileges founded mints and the new ones that emerged in the territories which mints are separated from each other and one Number of small places whose currency is occasionally mentioned the existence of a special coin is denied, since only those who give coins in those places use it be drawn. With regard to coin operations, there is a difference between the

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large mints with their household members and the smaller ones distinguished with only one or individual mint officials sometimes demonstrable insignificance of the coinage and the repeated complete suspension of the same is highlighted raised, and the coin supervision of the stands, next to that of the coin Mr. Right dwindles down to a source of income, as well the free leasing of the coin is discussed. The height of the In order to determine the coin circulation, the coin finds are then uses, which teach what amounts of coined money are used agreed, on the other hand the documents from which It happens that the practice of treasures continued into the Salic period. has prevailed, d. h. the main stock of metals in stock not minted, but kept processed into implements it has been said that bullion currency has been used since the twelfth century in large-scale traffic is trained and maintained until it is replaced through the gold standard, alongside which the pronounced money only owned the value of the coin. For local use limit of coin circulation, the coincidence of the numismatic mathematical and ecclesiastical border lines in ancient times lifted and the emergence of the trade coin in contrast and victorious battles against it. The time limit is clear deliver, the coin disrepute and the constantly increasing min- value of the coins. In the transition to the individual minted and still existing types of coins Coin image as the main and eye-catching one Characteristics are appreciated, compared to the differences are difficult to determine after shot and grain. Under cover renounce the treatment of the individual impressions, the next ones The task of numismatics in the narrower sense is then followed by Compilations about the weight of finds in Metzer, Trier, Cologne and Mainz denarii from the time of Henry I to Henry V, as well as the Trier and Cologne denarii from the years 1152 to 1332. Based on numerous documents in which payments were made in Trier (1195-1598), Cologne (1116-1538), Mainz (1200-1255) and Metzer money is required and paid, this will be the case History of these four coin systems in their fight against made it clear to each other the inferiority of the coins since then Salian period, the lasting value of the Cologne coin

4

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in contrast to this and based on the English coinage being, the penetration of the Cologne coins into the Trier and Mainz area since 11 50, the advance of the Metz coins in the west of the archbishopric and the emergence of the Luxembourg Coins around 1200, the reign of the Cologne coinage in Koblenz and its peak around 1250 and its decline the same as a result of the city's fights against the archbishop since 1275. The Koblenz coin find is then the one on display financial confusion prevailing at the end of the thirteenth century presented and then again on the basis of a collaboration the creation of numerous documents the history of the Moselle new foreign coin types appearing in the country, the death linge (1257-1282), the Aachen denarii (1166-1288), the Brabanter (1277-1538), the Turnosen (1237-1528), the Heller (1238-1518) and the gold coins (since 1304), which includes A history of the Rhenish guilder coin (since 1368) and Rhenish coin associations. An appendix contains the final Lich the reduction of the most common coins of the Moselle region in the Middle Ages d. h. Tone from the time of Henry I to the fifth century tenth century on grams of pure silver. The work is On the whole excellently executed, in detail However, there are a few things that need to be corrected. First of all, it is strange to determine the fineness of the old denarii from treasure practice clarify and the difficulty of alloyed coins in devices to convert it into fine silver and vice versa: rather, it is one absolute necessity for a coin system that is still in... at the beginning and struggling with mistrust that it delivers valuable coins. It is also questionable whether the salary reduction of the denarii of the 12th century This can be explained by the fact that the silver, which the checkered lingical coinage brought to the market, the no longer met the increased demands of the trade, because the Harz mines were already in operation at that time, and on the other hand shows the lasting value of the people of Cologne Coins that these are rather financial-political measures act as a matter of transactions inherent in the trading conditions themselves. ratios. In addition, this reduction in value is by no means It's nice that the money of the 13th century is compared to the old one.

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compared to just token money and it with the paper have money to compare. But finally, and this is the main thing Adding weight is the slowly occurring reduction in the same way with the coins of royal mint and to pursue those of the territorial rulers, and it was decided to deny that the royal mints were involved in this coinage deterioration was unilateral. That's why it's based on too strong an emphasis on the economic moment compared to the political one, the increase in territorial coins the decline of the royal administration and finance to guide them instead of connecting them with the changes in the world former confessors to imperial princes and territorial lords. Which is quite different depending on the individual landscapes Character of the royal stamps and their correspondence with the territorial finances rather teach the territorial Character also of the royal coins. — Afterwards the speaker spoke about the circulation of English money in Germany and its influence on that German coinage, distinguishing between three eras. to- The next ones are the times of the Merovingians and the Anglo-Saxons Heptarchy the English silver sceattas the usual money of the Netherlands, as the finds show, namely Some of them came over from England, some of them came here the Netherlands itself. Then there are the denarii Ethelred's n., Cnuds the Great, etc. throughout the whole of Germany Country as far as Poland and Bohemia circulated, like their regular Occurrence in the German denarius finds prove, and are as in Bohemia so also on the Lower Rhine and in the German one North Sea areas have been recreated many times. testimony to that On the one hand, the coins of the Counts of Stade and the De- nare, which on one side has the English king's head (mit- parts of the numismatic society in Berlin. I.E. (1857) Plate 5. 134.) or the double-lined cross of the English denarii Alexi Collection) and on the other the royal head of the Maid burgers carry denarii, on the other hand three denarii with the name the city of Cologne, one of which has the name on the other side the English mint master Lefwine (Dbg. 370), another the the city of London (discovery from Arrohop and, more finely, the English one

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King's head stretcher (Alexi collection). Finally the starches have Lingers of Henry II of England and his successors in general Found widespread in western Germany. They are in a special training as a Brabantian for a while became the ruling coin. The scene repeats itself the hybrid coins occur^ by e.g. B. Heinrich Ton England and Alexander of Scotland at the same time as the noble Lord of Lippe and its city Lippstadt on the different sides the same coins are called. (Grote, coin studies. X. 163. Ghautard, Monnaies au type esterlin frapp^es en Europe pendant le XIII ^ et le XIV' si^cle.) Yes even in Mainz and Frankfurt be they under the name of English (anglicus) been coined. But beyond that, at this time, that is English coin system is almost decisive for the German one become y because the Cologne mark, the basis of the together with the German coinage and weight systems of the late Roman period Time, was based on the English mark. In the In the late period, however, English money was first introduced Gold guilders struck from Florence and from Tours current penny minting was kept away from the German market been.

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