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Zeitschrift für Numismatik, vol. 7 — 1880
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The denarius minted jointly by the two aediles No. 273 shows in the manner indicated not only on the back side, but also on the front a complete group, the Jupiter quadriga of one and the Syrian king of the other their monetary, while the type usual for the obverse a head is completely missing. One can therefore state that the Denarius should have no obverse, but two reverses, because the back was considered the more important to the monetaryists and Therefore, each of the two aediles has a reverse side for themselves
6*
$4 A. Klügmann,
wanted to have, even if there was no numismatic There is some doubt that P. Hupsaeus was associated with the Jupiter quadriga the actual back takes up. But it is now necessary to add those historical names that came before the Rex Aretas can be read on the front of denarii. Your series begins with a simple initial. The Monetary of No. 156 L. Philippus, son of the Monetary of No. 153, used the head of Mace for the obverse of his denarius Donic King Philip, a full figure of his father as a rider on the back of his denarius, added but to explain the first letter of the name Greek alphabet
The explanatory inscriptions on the denarii of the Republican period. 85
of the king. Representations of the heads of Ancus and Numa were, as we noted above, already on the front of the Coins from C. Marcius Censorinns No. 230, where the Monetary the The names should only be written on the aces, not on the Denarii deemed necessary. This is also very peculiar Inscription FEELIX on the front of one Faustus denarius No. 269 b. especially when compared to their repetition on the Back of the other No. 269 a. Because while they are working on the latter It is written quite regularly in the first place not just that EE but another irregularity: The inscriptions on it are just as varied Front behind, in front of, above or below the depicted head stand, they are always attached in such a way that they are in the same way Direction with the picture, that is, when looking at it can be read easily. There is only one exception this word Feelix, the letters of the word are above of the head directed towards the edge of the coin, therefore straight returns for the viewer of the picture. The possibility of image and Encompassing names at a glance couldn't be safer. be prevented, as happened here, there was also a certain one Reason for this rule of measurement. Because the name is not one directly, but only an indirectly explanatory caption for the Head over which he stands, i.e. this head is not the one head of Sulla, but also how I and Mommsen also fought against Cave- doni's objection Nuovi Stud. p. 18 believe that Yugur tha's. whose surrender to Sulla glorified that of Faustus Event forms 1). Sulla's head can only be found at around five years later, already briefly mentioned, his denarii
1) The second example of a name on the front not being un- indirectly refers to the person whose head he is standing next to, he offers Page 68 Note 1 mentioned Denar Cohen Nasidia 1. 2. with NEPTVNI next to that Head of Pompey: but in this case too the inscription, as we saw, is completely irregular.
86 A. Klügmann,
Grandson Q. Pompeius Rufus No. 297 shown, as in Before Caesar, the monetaryists did not have the heads of their fathers, but at most those of their already deceased grandparents fathers depicted on their coins. The said monetary celebrated the fact that his two grandfathers were college students had been consulate, and in order to maintain their collegiality To emphasize, two series, one of which has a head on each side others showed a sella curulis from the two consuls on each side. On both denarii the reverse is to Sulla, the obverse given to Q. Pompey Rufus, for the former the short addition is font SVLLA COS constant, with the latter the corresponding corresponding inscription RVFVS COS in the second more common series the longer form Q-POMPEI Q-F« RVFVS COS is preserved. Two heads of famous ancestors from different gentes Brutus then also has one of his on both sides Denarius No. 272 a was distributed, the head of the first consul Brutus on the back and that of the old rider leader Ahala on the back Front ; I already wrote about the caption of the former above spoken, the name AHALA stands without adding anything Title next to the head, as is otherwise only the case with the names of the happened to ancient eponyms and kings. The end of the The two denarii of the Triumvir Caldus No. 2S6 form the row. One, like that of Rufus and Brutus, shows on either side a head, but only on the front is it the head of one historical great from the family of the Monetar, the one Ne's grandfather, who was himself a monetarist and then consul was; but for the back Caldus used the head of the Sun God, perhaps, like Borghesi's oeuvr. I, p. 319 f. means, as an eponym for his noun and gognomen; the head He then also has his grandfather's name on the front of the second denarius repeated, while here the reverse has one shows a different type. As a caption he not only gave him how also Rufus donen, name and title C-COEL CALDVS COS.
The explanatory inscriptions *on the denarii of the Republican period. 87
but also memories of his legislative work and military successes. This refers to those later voting tablets with the initials of that need to be discussed in more detail libero and damno L*D, on these the field symbol with the Initial syllable HIS probably Hispani or Hispanorum, cf. No. 250b. We saw that in the cone were the names of deities their place on the front, the names of historical figures have theirs on the back of the denarii, as well as that, if, exceptionally, the names of gods are found in the latter place, the same something unusual in their form or meaning have. Let us now also take a look at the historical names, which, contrary to the rule, are on the front, once again briefly, the Greek initial appears at No. 1 56 and the double E in the word Felix at No. 269 b as an abnormality. Regarding several other epigraphs is then make up for it here so that they are not spread out evenly Repeat for all series and stamps of the relevant denarii. The monogram A is completely missing on two series of No. 215 and is not constant on the third either; at No. 286 a is the Title of Consul C Coelius Caldus sometimes omitted, as well on No. 273 the name of Rex Aretas, on the two series Finally, from No. 297 the name of the consul is not uniform written. If one compares this with the fact that... There is no inscription at all on the head of the famous Marcellus at No. 308 is given and the heads of Numa Pompilius and Ancus Mar- tins only received inscriptions on later denarii, while Since they were already shown on an earlier one, so It is clear that the use of such names on the The front sides were not firm and constant. Those still Other denarii No. 272 a. 286 b. 295, 297, 303 have histo- fresh names not only on the front but also on the back, and they are always in the closest position connection with each other. Now that's the back of the actual one
&8 A. Klügmanii,
There is room for such names, I believe, in these In cases, the name on the back is the same as that on the front. to a certain extent caused it, as I did similarly for them I noticed denarii with country names. In any case, since in Previously highlighted that between the captions The back and the front have to be separated, I put it Here are the few names together meet on both sides. Apart from Roma, they are: Numa, Felix, Quirinus. Of them, the two are historical Numa and Felix on the backs of 201 and 269 a, and on the other hand that of the god Quirinus on the obverse of 2% b iu usually written in the coin field; reads against it man Numa on the obverse of the denarius at Cohen Calpurnia 25 in the form of a jagged crown, Felix on the front of 269 b with letters turned upside down, below which nor that strange double E, and on the other hand Quirinus on the god's shield on the back of 180, i.e. in unusually, partly not in the coin field partly in different spelling.
After completing the captions that contain names, I'll end with those whose names have been left blank are. They are initially found on some of the earliest denarii, This is what you read on the denarius of P. Laeca No. 172 under one Scene in which a general raises his hand to his head of a citizen, the word PROVOCO. Like Gavedoni has recognized, this is about the extent of the provo- cation right of the Roman citizen to the military impe- rium, which is based on one of the three Porcian laws of provocation can be traced back and therefore from a monetary from the gens Porcia was elected. The caption offers in that it expresses the formula of calling, the simplest and at the same time most expressive explanation of the picture. The exercise of one The Monetary Longinus has another civil law on the
The explanatory inscriptions on the denarii of the Republican period. 89
Back page of No. 285 shown. A citizen is about to arrive a tablet marked V (ti rogas) into the voice box throw, as Mommsen notes, an allusion to the Cassian Voting law from the year 617. You can see another tablet on the denarius of Q. üassius No. 284, who was a gentile of that Longin was ') ; but here it is no longer in the hands of the Ab- voting, but in the coin field for himself on the side of a building as the counterpart of an urn, which is also used for voting if played a role, it is also divided into two parts and contains the two letters A and C, the initials of absolvo and condemno. In addition to the two classic ones there is a series Denarius of Caldus No. 286 a, where you can see it next to the head of his Grandfather's already mentioned tablet with L and D Initials of libero and damno refer to the year 647 introduced law passed by the grandfather by secret vote in the ferocious duel process. It is So on No. 285 the voting tablet is the most important part Center of the image, but in itself incomplete because that In contrast to the uti rogas forming antiquo in the hand
A denarius contains an inscription which not only... Type is explained, but also the purpose of the minting. The two quaestors Piso and Caepio have on the back from No. 192, where they themselves sit on their official chairs Snbsellien sitting between two ears of corn depict Hesse, the Words added: AD FRV mentum) EMV(ndum) EX S-C.
1) Unfortunately I was unable to determine the degree of relationship between to recognize the two Cassiers. Add their names on the denarii Q. Cassius Longinus III Vir. If there isn't an ID be possible?
90 A. Klügmann,
This is the earliest denarius on which the defining inscriptions officials have portrayed themselves, but Piso and Caepio here more than their office and the task given to them to have highlighted their own people x). That magistrates, how quaestors, aediles, minted money was extraordinary and In later times they never failed to do so in this case the special authorization by the Senate, which is necessary for this was allowed to use the formula EX S * C on the denarii draw. This can also be read on the present denarius Formula, but here it belongs to the words ad frumentum in and around, so it concerns the purchase of the grain and legitimate At least it doesn't time the coin directly. This view of Mommsen coin w. P. 453 seems all the more correct if you note that the formula EX S-C or SC, if used in un- doubtfully has the purpose of legalizing the coinage, usually says on the front, as well as that there are several There are other denarii where the formula is on the back like this an explanatory caption states that it is a component of the same. The denarius of M. Voltejus belongs here No. 257 d. Among the five series of denarii, with which this monetary, according to Mommsen's brilliant explanation, the five ancient great folk festivals, the Roman, Plebeian, Cerialian, Apollinarian and Megalensian celebrations, there is a side- writing only on the fourth. It consists of the initials S*C*D*T, which Mommsen Senatus consulto, de thesauro reads because there is one The peculiarity of the Apollonarian games was that the costs The same was partly approved by the Senate and partly by the Col- reading box were removed. The contrast in which accordingly the two parts of the inscription relate to each other, it corresponds to having S * C on one side, D • T on the other. the side of the tripod forming the type of the back
11 Compare this chart. 1878. P. 36.
The explanatory inscriptions on the denarii of the Republican period. 91
reads Furthermore, the formula is encountered on two of the three Series with which M. Lepidn's famous homonymous prefixes drive glorified, cf. the captions already mentioned No. 281 a. b M. Lepidns tntor regis S. C. pontifex maximns nnd M. Lepidns Aimilia refecta S. C. Voltejus nnd Lepidns have The formula is therefore placed on individual series of their denarii, so that it is certain that they are not the whole issue as such but only affects the types of these series. Two completely different ones The initials H and P are at the beginning of two field symbols, which are at the end Reverse of the denarius of C. Valerias Flaccns Imperator Give legion eagle. Apparently they refer to the two military Turkish divisions of the Hastati and Principes, and again- get as their badge on the later denarii the Consnln Lentulns and Marcius at Cohen Neria 1 . closing There is still the reverse of a series of denarii of M. Plae- torius Cestianns No. 267g zn mention where one can find under the Bust portrait of a boy on an oblong object Word SORS reads. Preller, Rome. Mythol. P. 561 No. 1 summarizes the word as a designation of the boy himself, whom he considers it a personification of sors. However, such a one Personification is otherwise completely unknown and would probably be not on the back, but on the front, and also not by a boy, but by the female sex represented by a female figure in accordance with the word sors have been provided. I therefore believe that you can do that here boy has to recognize which one in the preenestine lottery oracle was used, and that the object containing it partially covered and bears the inscription for storage The opening of the drawer is the one that perhaps belongs to the boy is worn. The inscription indicates the contents of the drawer, where she stands. The word sors is completely wrote that an abbreviation would make it more difficult to understand and did not comply with the custom of these inscriptions. All-
92 A. Klügmann, The explanation. Supplements on d. Denarii d. republican. Time.
However, the other analogues exist, not in the Mttnz field but but on parts of the mint image for reading inscriptions only aas initials, but they are not abbreviations that the mo- netare have made. Because like the real voices If the panels only contained initial letters, this can also be the case from the standards of the Hastati and Principes apply. The The relevant initials and also that SC were firmly established, well-known formulas, as such suitable for the coins and also able to identify other individuals associated with them. to make tials understandable. They have their place on the Back, because in terms of their importance they are similar to the historical ones names far closer than the names of deities, only in relation to gliding the name and image of a consul is one of these Formulas moved to the front of No. 286a 1).
In the foregoing I have tried to show that the The use of explanatory captions was not irregular and that The later monikers usually very carefully stamped their stamps have taken predecessors into account in order to avoid repetitions. avoid. The same applies to the inscriptions on the names of the netary. They are written in such a way that they serve to clarify the relevant to distinguish one emission from any other. Font like The purpose of the image is to differentiate.
A. Klügmann.
1) The letters ST, which are sometimes found between the legs of the Chair, which Victoria uses to sit on, on the denarius of M. Cato No. 203 reads, have not yet been explained, because Mommsen rightly believes neither BorghesFs Scholarship nor Cavedoni's stata, stabilis for a satisfactory interpretation. AU an explanatory caption, I would like to acknowledge it even less than it does only on some not on all stamps. I notice the same thing regarding- Lich of the S next to the head of Sol at No. 286 a. — That the P finally begins the denarii of C. Malleolus No. 191c does not refer to a Lex Plautia-Papiria or Pompeia, but is the initial of Publice and as such I found the place of the word Roma to legalize the denarius in the Vienna Ntimism. Magazine 1878 p. 5 discussed.
Duke Heinrich I in Eimbeck.
From
H, Urote.
This Duke's coin is Vol. V p. 2S6 of this magazine. pictured and described and explained by J. Friedlaender. You contains:
Av. + b8n • DVX • IAV( ; ; Leo.
Rev. +9NBGK9 • C1VIT. . Helmet with helmet symbol.
Friedlaender had given me a copy of it with the flattering invitation to explain to him the to share the same. Unfortunately I misplaced this print, and after holding out hope for a long time If I had to find him again, I turned to Berlin to get a new impression for myself. Meanwhile it came to me finally Friedlaender happily with the explanation before.
According to his communication, I only add to the description- that the coin is made of fine silver and 1.14 grm. weighs.
I was already familiar with the coin, some time ago I recently purchased a copy of it myself. This but it is made of pretty bad silver, the surface is rusty eroded, and the weight is only 0.92 grm.; from the Only sparse, blurred traces of the transcriptions are visible Interpretation is completely impossible. But the guys are pretty good received. I had to look for this piece. The The drawing style of the helmet dates back to the 14th century
94 H Grotc,
its first half, it seemed to me. But the lion was not drawn in the style of the "Hon rampant" of that time, it was apparently the natural female fish standing on all fours LOwe: le röbus of the name "Weif" as he exclusively Seal type of the White Dukes of that time. With that was now also the helmet symbol of the Rv. interpreted: it shows the original snakes decorated with peacock feathers, later sickles, which here, as well as on other depictions, positions come, in a transition period, to the Tips are provided with mouthpieces and the heraldry appear as “blowhorns”.
Now I have a long discussion about the white coats of arms. have the plot printed, and mine in it in the most thorough way to have proven that these sickles or something similar exclusive helmet symbols of the dukes of old Lttneburgi house, while those of the old Braun Silent line as such led the shaft with the horse, with which they used the sickles after the extinction of those agreed. Accordingly8 I had to use my coin, its surroundings writing was missing, certainly one of the dukes from the ancient Attribute to the Lüneburg line in the 14th century. — Then Friedlaender brings me the transcriptions and throws them to me with that - yes! but not just my successful determination the coin - which wouldn't lose much - but also my entire theory of distribution, so wonderfully deduced of the two helmet symbols under the two funditus lines the bunch! This is more than painful!
So I probably don't need to assure you that this coin, now better determined by Friedlaender's copy now granted me a special heraldic interest. With very rare exceptions, the only source for knowledge niss of the coats of arms of the 13th and 14th centuries are the seals. But unfortunately this source leaves us completely in
Duke Heinrich I in Eimbeck. 95
Engravings for the heraldry of the White princes, because they have in that time instead of the shield figures and the helmet symbols of theirs Coat of arms always only the “white”: the walking or standing one the lion, in the stereotypical form in which he appears on the cathedral Hofe zu Braanschweig is shown. The Elder Dukes on the old Braunschweig line and especially the Grabenhagen's have no representations of theirs at all leave a helmet mark; our coin is the only thought times, which gives us the same, my previous, on well-founded Facts based on facts are controversial and teach you to know. This line started with the old Lüneburg line same helmet symbol. When and why she did that but the same with the shaft and the horse in front of it exchanged is now unexplained and unknown.
The assumption that this coin belongs to Silesia has already been decisively rejected by Friedlaender. free The style corresponds to the coin, also in the drawing, just like the type of the Silesian denarii 14th century, the smaller diameter and the fine silver especially the oldest of them, those from the beginning of the century; However, this coin is not Lower Saxony, neither the northern one - in Lüneburg, where I directed them - nor the one southern, where according to the transcription it must belong, corresponds, since at least the fine silver corresponds to the corveiers of their Time, i.e. Kuttenpfenningen in South Westphalia, on which Friedlaender as their closest neighbors, very aptly pointed out, is not appropriate, while without a doubt the bad picture lon of the second copy completes Friedlaender's comparison and confirms the other's concerns about the fine silver piece lifts. But in my eyes this is a second one, monetary historical side, in addition to the heraldic one, which this This makes the coin a very interesting one because it shows that the traffic area of the Kuttenpfenninge in Westphalia extends over
96 H. Orot", Duke Heinrich I in Bimbeck.
the Grabenhagen8chen and Göttingischen Tbeü of the south Lower Saxony has extended, what would be the same without this coin Less could be known than there were no coins to prove at all from this area and this time, as the all possible or later mints on neither bracteates nor denarii are mentioned, and only the probably northern native one Bracteate, which is over a hundred years older, finds its home here.
But the fact that this coin was made of Silesia, It probably owes less to her, this assumption Pretty supportive overall character — albeit Their all-too-insignificant weight is already an authority against this Had to break up - as the apparent syllable IAV in Title of their mint, which made him a Duke of Jauer seemed to be doing it. The name “Heinrich” at this time fits there very well too. But regardless of that, IAV can never refer to Jauer. I think we can come here right to the die cutter, who is at the end of his circle I feared there wouldn't be enough space for what was still needed to remember letters, and therefore, like many a stem- pelschneider did in the Middle Ages, through mutilation He tried to help with the elaboration of the letters by omitting them the rear part of the letter B, which represented it as I, and then the following R comes to a point at the top, where- through it received the reputation of an A, so that in the IAVi ) You should probably recognize a messed up BRV(S). So little- At least I conjectured as long as I only had the drawing of the coin present ; but I want to add that what is found on the the tinfoil type appearing A, which is wide on the latter is sharper than in the drawing, and the one on the latter The given horizontal line is completely missing, but probably too much of my responsibility an R compressed at the top might have been kept, but mine Adding the I to the B is probably harmless.
Hollow and dense coins from the same place and time.
From
H. «red.
I had barely started looking at medieval coins collect - it's been a long time! — when I asked myself the question, whether hollow and seal coins, brac- teats and denarii, at the same time in the same place be coined. I wanted to shed light on this question because it gives me the benefit - at least for me - confession* of the German coinage in the second half of the 12th and the first of the 13th centuries seemed to depend. And collecting coins without understanding them was nothing for me. I remember that I was already back then an inquiry about this to the Magister Erbstein in Dresden turned, but did not know how to give a sufficient answer. Since then I have always recorded everything related to this question- carefully observed because, as I believe, initially for the The mood of the place and time of some coins often means a lot of the can depend on the same. But I still have it with her Answer not yet about the area of truth seem to be able to bring it beyond. The operations plan, I have already pursued such tasks once communicated (in the “Münzstudien”). I put on that Based on still insufficient observations, a hypothesis
Journal of Numismatics. VII. 7
98 H-öwto,
that I pursue and then either support or abandon. In the present question it is difficult to be certain can be obtained and you will be more likely to have to be content with ease. Expertly examined and examined written coin finds, around which the lucky Stigt Dannenberg has made a special contribution still not enough to eliminate the doubtful. How many coin finds have not apparently been well founded All hypotheses thrown out of the window again! It's missing still a lot of material for the different times To delineate coin types geographically and chronologically. — A The main question for me here is: What reasons caused people to choose the form in which they minted their coins? So “into the day” - as with judge among numismatists - they are not included here. be driving. If people do not use special purposes follow', they join in the views and directions of their time: they follow fashion. What special purposes The coiners of that time could have had them at the same time in the same studio in such different forms to process silver? Maybe the minters have it - how do you which today is called so inappropriately and inappropriately - “for “Private Invoice” worked and, as an export item, the provide travel money, depending on the area where you want to travel- th, delivered in any form required? Or met wandering ones journeymen minters, each of whom then only works in their home country. knew how to make coins? All of this and more what I can fathom is quite unlikely, and That's why I prefer the assumption: they will probably be in the Shape of the money currently circulating in the place have coined. So far I'm out of the coins themselves and Nothing has become known from the Mttnz finds that supports this assumption objects.
Hollow and dense coins from the same place and time. 99
But Dannenberg has a different opinion on this. He has at This question has been touched on several occasions, and it holds up Opposite of my assumption proven. But if I these arguments, and more precisely in their logical form If you look at them, they don't seem to me to have been as successful at all to be that the question can be considered decided, nnd do to warn against this urgently, I want to see that evidence go through in more detail.
Dannenberg describes coin finds from the Hohenwalder (P. 252, Vol. IV of this journal) a bracteate, which he after Dem min determined because the lily that appears on it Coins and seals of this city appear, “and so on,” he adds added - “the Demmin origin of these bracteates may well be possible »cannot be seriously questioned by that either "Anclam occasionally used this picture." That are now two arguments. First it is proved apapogically, The coin must be from Demmin, as it would only be more fun Way could be moved to Anclam. The evidence stands but on a very considerable petitio principii! Same treatment It has something to do with the second argument that only “occasionally” "It seems that such a piece was struck in Anclam, whereby I take that the “once” here is not a number word, but only as Particles stand. I don't find anything funny about this Move coin to Anclam, uud don't know why not Anclam “occasionally” and “once” such a bracteate is coined should be! The coin may be from Anclam, therefore it is hers Demminity not at all, not even proven ad hominem. — Adds to that. Dannenberg immediately added: “Also No. 13” (a two- sided denarius with a lily) “might have been minted here.” “Might”? With this word Dannenberg speaks only one possibility stated that the coin was from Demmin. — But which one is it? now the result of this striking “proof”? — That not only both coins in Demmin, but also that they
7*
100 H. Grote,
Both were hit at the same time 1! And adds accordingly Dannenberg added the note below to the “might”: “A new document »for having bracteates in the same place at the same time »and two-sided denarii were minted, which was Grote (Mttnzstud. "VII, 317) is doubted." - This is "evidence" of course, but evidence of the opposite of Dannenberg's View, because I conclude from this: So either one is the Both of the above coins are not from Demmin or they are not at the same time, which latter from the found cooperative would by no means be possible to prove. This proof has at least the very significant thing takes precedence over the opposite that it is formally correct from a logical point of view. — But Now it should also be “new” evidence! Older Evidence - namely logically admissible evidence - is completely unknown to me. knows. Of course there may be countless of that type give. (It's new evidence for me too, but for something completely different.)
Dannenberg is coming now, and with exactly the same determination wisdom, back to this question (p. 260, Vol. V of this Journal) by saying: »Finally call us a Bracteate "and a denarius in addition to the duke's name also the mint “Köthen.” And the note says: “That corrects it – too »Grote'n, who (Mttnzstud. VH, 317) says that never >for once in a German mint bracteates and denarii alike- »was coined in time.«
I did when I read this. I'm very surprised that I have made a “statement” about a question about which to achieve certainty despite all my efforts to Unfortunately, it has been impossible until now. There Dannenberg However, he had backed up his accusation with precise citations I immediately looked up Mttnzstudien VII, 317 and found it there to my great astonishment, instead of the presumptuous "exception" saying" the very modest words: "I don't think so either
Hollow and dense coins from the same place and time. 101
»that bracteates ever appeared in any German mint "and denarii were minted at the same time." (The word equal- “early” is also in the coin stalls. a. a. 0. printed locked, which makes this word stand out as having a strange meaning here- should be lifted and is actually highlighted!)
Logic distinguishes between three degrees of “holding Fttr true”: know for logically sufficient reasons, believe logically inadequate, mean without any reasons. The first becomes ad veritatem, the second ad hominem, the third not at all proven. You always have to be very strict about these three degrees distinguish each other - and above all: to differentiate stand. You can only make “sayings” if you know. Who but merely “believes” declares that he does not know and if he then nevertheless made a statement, he would act he acted “simply.” But “knowledge” is very different from “wanting to know better,” and the latter is often or usually further nothing but “think otherwise.” However, I never mean otherwise, but I often know better because my judgment never depends vanity is benighted (Münzstnd. VII, 167).
Dannenberg is now still leading in the note mentioned above a number of examples from which the incorrectness of my nes supposed “saying” should result: a denarius and a bracteate of Bernhard of Saxony, both of the surrounding According to writings from the mint in Kttthen, and the two types Coins of Jaromar von Rügen, “because (these) are on different »He was beaten in places of his small territory, which was supposed to be According to the above, there is probably not the slightest reason. — Against this I have to once again use the heavy artillery Bring up syllogistics! If “the above” means nothing further than one that is, on top of that, very flawed and proves nothing Petitio should be - as we will see shortly - it follows From this there is nothing at all for “accepting”, and if so, anyway There should be “not the slightest reason” in my “belief,”
102 H. Grote,
So it certainly sounds like a “saying,” but like a whole more unfounded. But I still want to read the von Dannenberg claimed equality "locality" of this Rtigier, as did the the people of Köthen admit, but I now have the absolutely necessary allow the question about their simultaneity. Duke Bernhard ruled from 1180 to 1212, i.e. 32 years Jaromar but from 1170 to 1218, a full 48 years, and if I am now convinced of the correctness of my alleged “saying” If I wanted to exist, I would quite logically claim that one and the other type of Mttnz at the beginning and at the end the reign of these two princes, so perhaps with one Time differences of 32 or even 48 years have been overcome. In However, a lot of water can get through the line over such a long time. flows, and the external shape of the coins has enough time had to a change. But Dannenberg asks about this not at all, and rather sets the one not mentioned at all “Equal-timeliness” of his coins is undoubtedly ahead!
So he read something from my words, Of which there was nothing in it at all, but the most essential oedin- The meaning of my sentence was completely overlooked!
Dannenberg finally joins the excerpt above Add the following sentence to his note, which I would rather say On the other hand, what I said above has far more reason wants to connect: "And the same will apply" - ("will apply" is in relation to what was directly predicted by Dannenberg, said so hypothetically that it doesn't actually say anything; But if you read it in relation to what I said above As has been said, instead of “will apply” one should just boldly put: "It applies"!) - "from Konrad Bishop of Halberstadt, von Stol- “berg, von Beinstein” (read: Regenstein), “and von Brena, and “Less striking” (?) “may also be said by others »Assert loyalties so that one cannot avoid »that sentence at least as one through numerous exceptions
Hollow and dense coins from the same place and time. 103
“restricted rule to be considered.” That is, after all, one long series of “sayings”, which, of course, are in their literal form they all sound as if they were leaving it up to everyone to think that what he wants, but which ultimately amounts to giving those (i.e. my) sentence to be viewed as a “rule” — regardless of “those Sentence” was considered incorrect several times and has now been corrected. But "the sentence" is not established as a "rule" at all, and then Dannenberg did not consider the cases cited against the sentence Exceptions to a rule, but rather a refutation of it Sentence cited. Now, of course, I have no doubt at all that my statement can certainly be refuted by evident cases, But I boldly and boldly say the “saying”: that the sentence by not a single von Dannenberg for the purpose of refutation the cases cited in the same have been refuted, namely as follows: that rather I have the best material from all these cases, if not for the proof of the theorem, at least for its greater To make it more likely.
On the coins from the. listed at the end of his note In the Harz region, Dannenberg has little evidence weight placed. The correctness of my “sentence” would mean that chronologically quite interesting conclusion follows that the denarii and the bracteates from this area are not the same- be timely. If I ever go to it, these coins the subject of a special and detailed discussion I would at least do it chronologically Provisions certainly start from the premise* go, they are not at the same time, and then from this stand- points out, experiment with further hypotheses and then It remains to be seen whether this will produce a negative result should. — But these coins are only just making a very good impression so far less frequented area; most of them are new only sparsely known; Without more detailed knowledge of the originals, no one will probably dare
104 H- <*">**'
want to deal with their stage za; it is necessary some hard work, just the ones that have already been made known together to search for and put together people. But never again the one will have an above all necessary chronological The ordering of these coins may be undertaken by the The current opinion is that the hollow and the dense Coins from this area at the same time in one and the same coin box were struck on site. That this is still the case will be the case possible the investigation with compelling reasons although I doubt this very much.
There is a kind of denarius that is not that rare, with a variety of reverses, on the obverse all the with have a bust of the Mother of God draped in a veil. It yields their volume and weight, whole, half and quarter denarii of this kind. — All these denarii are after struck with a very light coin base, but of fine silver, and clean in drawing and die cut. From a find I have never heard of it; I know too of no coin finds containing even a few of them would have. But I have repeatedly selected individual pieces Hildesheim preserved. Mary is the cathedral saint there. An image of a bishop appears under the reverses of the same and other copies have a triangular coat of arms on the reverse shield: highly divided, empty at the front, with pearled transverse lines at the back Covered, i.e. that which is divided up, by hatching as such designated Hildesheim coat of arms. After all this I suspect that these coins are Hildesheim, and it there is no age left for them but the 14th century. (The in Cappe'n's "Quedlinburg", plate II, fig. 25, 26, 28 shown Denarii are one of these.) They form a strange appearance. ation in this Bracteate area, but I cannot say whether one compares them with the aforementioned denarii of the Harz region? because I don't know any originals of these. The
Hollow and dense coins from the same place and time. 105
newly discovered or newly determined denarius of the mine Hagen Duke Henry also appears in an area in which only bracteates would have been found for this age should wait. Precisely because these coins are a denarius oasis form in a hollow denarius bet, they give an inter- Essential item for a coin and money history investigation, provided that one does not believe in what is known as The doctrines established in the past seem to be confused with bracteates in the same mint and to the same coined in due time. Bene docet qui bene distinguit, but not the one who begins his doctrina with everything mixed up stir into a pot. This is of course very convenient, because... you don't need to strain your judgment too much. ziren; But that doesn't promote numismatics, because... This leads people who are less knowledgeable to go astray and build further errors based on hastily stated statements, and The experts are then, instead of being able to continue building, forced to laboriously clear away building rubble first. How much pressure Dannenberg himself did not have to use paper, around Weidhas' Gordian knot, Sedlmayr's Italian coin and even repeat Cappe'n's incomprehensible statements eliminate! And there can be cases where... These are not questions of numismatics at all, but merely of logic!
Reply.
Above from Mr. Dr. Large set up view over the Incompatibility of bracteates and denarii in the same place and at the same time everything certainly has probability in the first place for themselves, and so I divided them up until the weight undeniable facts have forced me to abandon this view let. The question of the correctness of this hypothesis had to be answered occurred to me when examining the above-mentioned find of Hohen- walde impose, which, in addition to so many Pomeranian denarii, also such a significant number of Pomeranian bracteates, and besides numerous Meklenburg bracteates also include a Rostock one Denarius delivered. Hess is opposed to this phenomenon Although that assumption could still be maintained, one could both deny that both types of technique, although in the same country, but struck in the same place, and after the latter was also established, at least for Demmin den, still the simultaneity of the denarii and brak- Teaten deny. But a high degree of truth plausibility fttr the untenability of what is in question Hypothesis seemed to arise from this discovery, and So I looked for further analogies. um , whose i I have listed a few. I don't want to be enervated here of what came from the long reign of Bernhard and Jaro jnars is derived from those examples as well contained in Konrad von, who was passed over in silence above
H. Dannenberg, reply. 107
Halberstadt, who only lasted 7 years (1201 - 1208). Bischofsstahl held; because you could maybe here reply that at one of his mints only bracteates, from the other only denarii were produced; but a I have yet to give an example against which such Objections will hardly be raised, namely lich Heinrich von Gardelegen. He only has 4 years, 1184 - 1188, had time to shape, and his bracteates as well as his Denarii (see Köhne III, p. 370) are evidently of the type in in which the key occupies a significant place, all in Salt wedel beaten. It will now depend, too to dispute this uncomfortable example, to show that Henricus doesn't come from this Brandenburg prince The key is not Salzwedel's, since the claim is It would probably be all too bold that the bracteates 1184 and 1185 Denarii struck in 1186 and 1187. If this does not succeed, then This example probably supports the others that are not quite as certain to an exceptional extent and provides proof, no matter how strong you are him in matters where mathematical proof is impossible is, can only ever ask for. Other, less applicable Examples 1 ], which nevertheless shed some light on the controversial issue throw, I avoided putting on ; , however, I would like to go through The above attack prompted us to make two more points here draw attention. Firstly, it is known that in the Wendi schen cities next to the two-sided Witten and at the same time with them, their subdivision (or unit), the penny in was issued in the shape of a hollow penny, namely as evidenced by the documents. However, this is just an example to later times (the XIV century). But it's still lying well, with everything else held together, a conclusion
1) I have therefore also heard about the (not yet published to my knowledge) Braanschwelgian denarii of the XIV century remained silent and reveled which form a side piece to the Hildesheimers mentioned above.
108 H. Dannenberg,
backwards to. And furthermore, I would like just for example refer to documents according to which around the middle of the XIV. Century for Königsberg and other Neumark cities Privileges were granted, Brandenburg pfennigs and to beat Stettin pfennigs (Köhne V, 13), both Although they are two-sided coins, they are completely different feet. After all this, isn't it likely that you, for example, on dealings with Denarius countries sometimes alongside the specified more common bracteates also coined denarii? with what it It is probably also explained that these denarii are much rarer than the bracteates of the same Mttnzherren. It is in this Relationship 2 groups: the countries that only have bracteates have hit (namely Meissen, perhaps also Thuringia, Magdeburg etc.), and those in which bracteates also exist Denarii, although generally less common. This is provisionally my view; like others who have more insight have a better hypothesis, but with protection facts, establish.
Finally, a few words in defense of the attractiveness bution of the Demmin coins. From the above it might seem as if it only came from me; but that is not This is not the case, rather it is old and generally accepted. By the way, it is entirely justified. Because all writing show coins from Demmin, the ancient ducal residence the lily, all the written coins of Anklam, on the other hand, the ray with the sole exception of one very rare 1 ), which is the lily has. After that, things are completely different than they were before. is shown standing, and I leave it to bution really violates the laws of thought so much and to be accused of wanting to know better
1) I can only think of 2 such Lilies-Witten in hundreds with the beam. came.
Reply. 109
is suitable 1). At least we can, if anything like that Reasons are no longer considered sufficient to make every effort Save the trouble of fixing unwritten coins from now on.
H. Dannenberg.
1) How little it is justified and how fond I am of my own error Voluntary to correct me, hurry up, Mr. Dr. O. to the one above You can see from the sections cited by him himself (V, 260) where I read my earlier reading of a Bernhard denarius based on Erbstein's conjecture. If I wanted to respond more to the personalities in the above essay, I could I can easily conclude with the words that my Mr. opponents on other occasions- against me without any reason (Bl. f. Mzfd. p. 5751: ■I now foresee that D. will vigorously assert his determination against this- want to be right. But since I don't want to come back to this question, so I hereby declare in advance his objection to be very poorly founded and "Error." However, since I only have the matter in mind, I want something like this Do not make use of retortion, and further objective discussions don't perform in the same way, even though I'm just for the sake of it I think it would be more fruitful to wait for further experiences nen finds are collected.
Elian coins with Zeus of Phidias.
The three Elisheu coins depicting Phidias Zeuaatatue, which has been developed over the last few years by Mr. Director Friedlaender have been made known, “I now a few more ') line up in the excavations at Olympia came to light during the previous winter (1877 - 1878) men are.
11 Dil illustrations could of course only be made from prints because the originals, like all other finds, are in Olympia.
R. Weil, Elian coins with Zeus of Phidias. 1 1 1
1) Hadrian's Head 1 ANOC
Rf. Zeus r. sitting on the throne, with the sleeve
dressed in chiton, which completely covers the breast;
the left hand holds the seepter, on the right
stands the (hardly recognizable) Nike. Left in
Field HA€I Dm. 0.021. ^. In Olympia.
The reverse is probably from the same stamp,
like that of one Berlin mint (Friedlaender-Sallet, Königl.
Coin Cabinet 2nd ed. Plate IX, No. 862) »), only that on the
new copy the lower half of the figure is complete.
2) Hadrian's head right. AAPIA
Rf. Zeus 1. sitting on the throne. The Oewand is wrapped around the legs, leaving the chest exposed and extends over the r. upper arm towards the back, from where it descends in wide folds onto the throne- falls. HA€I in front of the figure, behind it WN Dm. 0.023. EVER. In Olympia.
This coin joins the second Berlin (Friedlaender) Sallet Kgl. coin box 2nd ed. No. 863) 2 ), but gives Zeus more in profile. The fairly well-preserved head is clear recognize the strangely shaped beard.
3) Head of Caracalla with the diadem r. MAY[P^ ANSWER In the pearl circle.
Rf. Zeus 1. sitting. The himation falls over the back, leaves the upper body uncovered in front, and is around the Legs wrapped, the throne remains free The Nike probably en f. HA€[I] WN The whole thing in Pearl circle. Dm. 0.021. EVER.
1) Same as No. 640 of the 1st edition, and J. Friedlaender in the monthly newsletter K. Academy of Sciences in Berlin 1874 p. 500 no. 5. With Stephan! , Compte Kendn de la Comm. Imp. Arch. p. Tann. 1875 (Petersburg 1878) p. 180 ff. with C designated.
2) Same J. Friedlaender, Arch. Zeitung 1876 p. 34. In Stephani a. a. 0. 8. 181 ff. marked D.
1J2 R. Because,
Description and illustration based on a copy by Mr Dr. Imhoof-Blumer, who was kind enough to do it for me to make the publication available as readily as possible; another Copy whose reverse comes from the same stamp the front is poorly preserved, in Olympia.
4) Head of a post-Hadrian emperor r. Rf. Zeus 1. sitting. Dm. 0.023. In Olympia.
The front and facing side are too badly damaged that an illustration would be possible. On Zeus is the form of Throne and the drapery No. 3 similar, but the stamp different.
The depictions of the seated Zeus on the previously known known Elian coins, L. Stephani 1 ) recently gave one subjected to extensive investigation, the main result of which is this amounts to proving against Overbeck and Friedlaender that both the head on the Paris coin 2 J and the Zeus figure Florentine 3 ) and the older Berlin mint (Friedlaender-Sallet No. 862), and therefore also the one given above as No. 1, no direct image of the statue of Phidias, but one in the translated in the style of the time of Hadrian, and accordingly completely designed. Stephani only sees a more faithful copy in the The last coin communicated by Friedlaender (Friedlaender-Sallet No. 863. Arch. Period. 1876 p. 34), where the figure of Zeus with bare upper body is shown 4).
1) Compte-Rendu p. Tann. 1875 pp. 160 - 198, see especially p. 173.
2) J. Friedlaender in Berliner Blatter f. MQnzk. 1866 t. XXX, No. 2, and Monthly area d. K. Akad. d. W. in Berlin 1874 p. 500 No. 3. Also in Overbeck, Greek. Plastic I, 230, B; Meeting area d. K. Sachs. Ges. der Wlss. 1866 t. I No. 1, Zeus, coin panel 1, no. 34. In Stephani a. 0. labeled B.
3) J. Friedlaender in Berl. Sheets for coins 1866 t. XXX No. 1, Monthly reports 1874 p. 500 no. 4. Overbeck in Symb. phil. Bonn. p. 606, Greek. Plastic I, 230, A; Zeus Coins II No. 4. At Stephani a. 0. : A
4) Stephen! a. a. 0. p. 181.
Elian coins with Zeus of Phidias. 115
It depends on whether and to what extent this approach is justified remain undiscussed at this point. After see the number of The coins in question have now doubled First of all, it is important to check the relationship between the Coins stand one below the other.
If you compare the image of Zeus on the Florentine coin with Friedlaender-Sallet No. 862 and our No. 1, it turns out that that the latter two are embossed with a stamp originally for pieces the size of the Florentine example plars (0.03) had been determined, and therefore on pieces of 0.021 - 0.023 cannot be completely accommodated. From this it follows but: the large stamps must be the oldest.
If in these depictions of Zeus in profile the back side of the throne appears bare and empty is this on the stamp of the second Berlin mint (Friedlaender- Sallet No. 863), which is intended for small pieces right from the start. was true, cleverly avoided, the figure in a three-quarter position taken from the front so that both legs are visible next to each other but the arms and attributes are on both sides of the figure spread out, which is why the roundness of the coin image here is filled incomparably better than on the first mentioned stem- pelt. The fact also contributes not insignificantly to this, that while there the left hand holds the scepter far below of the button and is therefore at the same height as the Shoulder is located 2 ), the die cutter, which the figure draws from the front, his hand on the upper end of the scepter
1) A few brief but pertinent observations about imitations of Sculpture works on Greek coins and especially about the character of the The head of Zeus on Hadrian's coin is given by A. v. Sallet in Volume II p. 129 d. magazine, whose view I completely share.
2) The same position of the scepter in the ancient Zeus Aphesios Arcadian silver coins (Friedlaender-Sallet, t. 1 No. 52. Overbeck, Zeus, Münzt. II, No. 2 a), in Minos the beautiful Didrachmon of Knosos (edited by Kriedlaender Volume IV p. 232 of this magazine).
Journal of Numismatics. VII. 8
U4 B. Because,
and thus brings it level with the top of the head. This motif of the raised arm but with the scepter, which the figure holds sideways downwards, is shown in the depiction of seated figures on mint coins. picture the usual, and like the new ones Coins Nos. 2-4 show that they remained in use in Elis.
As far as the attire is concerned, it was in the place of the den Aermekhiton completely covering his upper body, as we see him No. 1 and the associated coins can be seen at Friedlaender- Sallet No. 863 has already exposed the upper body, and only over the left upper arm the tip of the over the Drooping robes visible. The new coins (No. 2 - 4} also leave out this robe tip, so that only still between the back of the figure and the back of the throne part of the himation is left 1).
So the representation becomes more and more flat, eventually on the Caracallamt dance in its overall character, as in the introductory details, even down to the ornamentation of the throne to assimilate common images of Zeus.
The Zeus type that appears on coin no. 1 was previously only represented as a coin design, but can now also be used prove cut on the 0.018 high, 0.ou wide Oval of a bronze ring found in Olympia (image p. 110). Zeus is here facing left, posture and draping of the legs like on No. 1 of our coins, but the upper body is more of seen in front, so that the arms and those held by them Attributes not together and partially as on the coin others come to stand in front of the figure, covering it up, but up both sides of the same. The straight conclusion of the figure at coin no. 1 the back of the throne, at nos. 2 and 3 the scepter forms, falls away here, and the slightly raised sideways strong
1) The similarity between the seated Zeus of leisure is striking No. 3 and that of the Athenian copper coin (at Beule*, Monnaies d 1 Athene« p. 396 tm verbeck, Zeus p. 63), after which it is repeated above p. IM).
Elian coins with Zeus of Phidias. 115
Projecting arm with the scepter occurs in contrast to the Nike flying towards Zeus. Has engraving on the upper body suffered, but both on the right and on the left The folds of the robe are visible on the upper arm, which is also the case here can be nothing other than the Aermelchiton. Questionable remains whether the Bing has been used for sealing the imprints represent a swapping of the attributes of the image of Zeus resulting, i.e. the Nike in the left, the scepter in the right comes 1). At least that's what the engraver did when he made it Coin stamps and the cut stones are usually skilled procedure, which is based on the pre-prepared The corresponding piece of money is arranged in a way that corresponds to reality received, not followed. —
Stephani 2) certainly rightly brings Hadrian's coins in connection with the presence of Hadrian in Olympia. But you will probably have a closer relationship You have to accept coins straight to the statue of Phidias. While otherwise on the Elian coins of the Empire that
\[\j stereotypically forms the lapel in the Kotinos wreath, makes here- by itself an exception that is still quite sparsely reported. first row of Hadrian's coins with the image of Zeus and the Paris coin with the head of Zeus 3 }. Even if otherwise There is no record of Hadrian's activities in Olympia. lies, these types of coins lead to the assumption that under Hadrian and through his actions the gold ivory statue, their conservation 4 ) at least at times significant expenditure
1) The picture shows the figure as it appears on the ring, not like her appears on the print.
2) Stephani a. a. 0. p. 174.
3) Still Unicum.
4) rather the fate of the statue in later times compare verbeck, written sources e.g. business d. picture. Arts No. 745 - 751. Even the danger in which the statue by Caligula Gerleth, who ordered the transfer to Rome
8*
116 R - Wel1 ' Several coins with Zeus of Phidias.
required, has been subjected to restoration. Maybe is related to the fact that the elg %6 sJ%aixov velovaat noXsig (Paus. V. 12, 5), so the xoivov %<5v Ü%aiwv } is a statue Hadrian made of Parisian marble in the pronaos of the Temple of Zeus set up wherever, possibly also only under Hadrian erected by the aivodog %wv IJaveXXrjvwv — ol Ttavreg "EXXrpeg (Paus.) - donated statue of Trajan. The excavations have so far found among the inscriptions just a small Hadrian-related fragment of one Marble bath throne found, still awaiting completion. The coin of Caracalla (No. 3) is minted with to be related to its pull towards the Orient. The Opposite the eastern front of the Temple of Zeus is a "marble bath, which according to the inscription 1 ) once carried his statue; immediately Found nearby and perhaps related is of course one severely mutilated togatus made of marble 2 ), unfortunately without a head, came to light.
Berlin, November 1878.
R. Weil.
had, it is through bad omens, which occurred in good time, and through technical difficulties, which were at least premeditated, fortunately missed. Incidentally, it can be said with certainty that neglect, how they experienced works of gold ivory technology in less visited places, did not occur in Olympia.
1) Dittenberger, Arch. Zeitung 1876 p. 53, inscriptions from Olympia No. 9.
2) In the exhibition of the oyps casts of the Olympic finds No. 60.
Vau on Elian inscriptions.
Those in the arch. period. 1876 p. 219 (cf. Mitth. d. Athens. Inst. III) published as No. 22 of the inscriptions to the Olympia Altar inscription falalwv ncQt bftovoiaq is currently the youngest found there, which contains the sign of Vau, whereas the same in the bronze plaque published by Kirchhoff Damocrates (Arch. Zeit. 1875. P. 183 No. 4] has already been abandoned is, and is represented by ß or omitted entirely. From the The first mentioned inscription is not too far apart in time Dedicatory inscription for the statue, which was given by the Eleans to the Aetolians Physkos was built (Arch. Zeit. 1877 p. 95, no. 59). Here only a repeated examination has taken place large, but sometimes quite difficult to read and heavily used. wiped writings that were on the scabbard of the 4th and
J
118*. Because,
3. Centuries are to be put, the safe reading a nokig jiXeuav (cf. DiUenberger A. Z. 1878. p. 102).
It makes sense to determine how long the Eleer will be in the font used the character F, which is quite extensive series of coins from Elis; alone they offer less exclusion than at first glance would be expected. The autonomous coins of Elis silver both as well as copper ones), of which the youngest ones date back to the Time of Mummius is enough, like a review of this Series in the collections of Berlin, Athens and the elite
the most complete eupfergeld in Olympia
FA
resulted in constant 1 ]: FA FAA FAAEION FAAEIÜN AEI
UN
The one present in the alphabets of Crete and Corcyra 2 ). younger form of Vau C, which can be seen in the long-lasting could expect the use of the letter also for Elis, cannot be proven anywhere here. An exception to the rule The moderate spelling of the Elian coins only makes a difference Triobol from the Berlin collection, still from the 4th century. On which Stephane shows the head of Hera turned to the right the same AAEIÜN, although there is no space for the die cutter would not have been missing for a letter that still had to be added, since he adds an anthemy before and after the writing 9).
This is also correct with the spelling of the Elian coins- that of bronze stamps, which correspond to the third winter of the Olympic excavations. First of all, brands of
1) A appears in the later series, but rarely.
2) S. Kirchhoff, Studies on History. of the Greek. Alphabet 3 p. 63. 69. — By the way, F is also written in the post-Enclidean alphabet. benen oracle question of the Corcyraeans near Karapanos, Dodone et ses ruines plate 27 no. 5 Z. 4 FOIKEOI , has been preserved next to C.
3) Rev.: Sitting eagle. Weight: 2.45 grams, shown on p. 117. The Based on the didrachms of the perfect style, which were also close in time is on the Hera head (see Friedlaender-Sallet, Royal Münzk. No. 140) and on the eagle (a. 0. No. 143) unmistakable.
M,
X
Van on Eliachen inscriptions. 119
0.03 Dni., coins minted in a similar way, and without any others Types as in the middle of the obverse in wide bold font FA, in the middle of the lapel AI, i.e. Ji[6q, behind it a small one Lightning. At least you can tell from the inscription on the lapel know that these pieces from the temple are for some purpose have been issued, as well as a lead mark of 0.on Dm., which on both sides in large letters, which cover the entire area marked **I.
A second series of bronze stamps, circular sheet metal washers of V2 mm. Thickness, pointing on the obverse FA, on the
P O
lapel E ; the letters are delicately inlaid with silver
both times symmetrically around a hole in the middle distributed. Dm. 0.033; 0.03g 1 ). One copy has FA (now without silver) in the upper half of the disc, the hole at the bottom towards the edge. Probably these brands have as Voting stones are used, and are then \pfjq>oi nx^vn^iivat (Aeschin. in Timocr. 102) an Elian authority. The inscription of the Reverse POE is provided according to the Athenian lead mark B<(> {rj ßovlrj 01 ntviaxooioi) see Benndorf's contributions e.g. knowledge of the Attic Theater p. 62, on the number of members of the relevant available from the relevant authority. Now that these brands are in the The closest thing to assume is that the soil of the Altis has been found that they belonged to the 'Olvfimiir] fiovlrj 2 ), for whose many 1,75 members could be active in various functions. The inscriptions on the Elian coins in conjunction with the those of the brands described here prove that one in Elis at a time when the F in writing is otherwise completely
1) The brand has now been published as No. 213 of the Olympic Inscriptions Arch. Period. 1878 p. 180. A similar tessera is that of Karapanoa, Dodone and aes ruines Tai. 27 No. 7 shared bronze leaves of 0.028 Dm. The two dotted letters on it are, however, as far as I can tell see, no certain interpretation.
2) Olympic inscriptions No. 14. 18. 43. 46. 80. 81. 82. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101, 103, 174 et al.
120 R - Weil, Vau on Elian inscriptions.
had given up, the same thing if you take the city name completely or just abbreviated to its first letters Type of coat of arms used, consistently maintained; absolutely analogous to the trade in the large trading cities of the 9th century Corinth, the AOE in Athens, as well as the one based solely on coins definable flY in Byzantium, and 9PO in Eroton 1 ), only that* of all However, in the latter place the old spelling did not last long abandoned after the introduction of the Ionian alphabet has been.
Should be with what inscriptions and coins about the use of the F in the Elian dialect, which was published by Kirchhoff Proxeniedecret for the Athenian Pamphilos (A. Z. 1878 p. 139 No. 177) are brought into line, this is only possible if if you spend an unusually long time with the Eleans If you want to accept fluctuations, the F is also in the city name sometimes placed, sometimes omitted. But there on this document the entire habitus of the writing against what is considered to be certainly Elian knew a strange one, different from the Elian Rhotacismns here no trace can be found, and also the formula that concludes the decree ygaipat h y Olv[Ä7ii(p r ) remains noticeable, the question seems open to be held whether the Proxy Decree is not the same Arcadian Alea 8 ) can belong, and something similar The reason for its creation is how C.I.A. I. No. 44 and 45, the charcoal burners (Mitth. d. Athens. Inst. I. 171] with the travels of the Athenian envoys to Sparta to kill Nicias
associated with peace.
R. Weil.
1) Friedlaender-Sallet, Kgl. Munzk. p. 156.
2) The formula used by the Eleans contains the Damocrates bronze: xb (ff \pd(pi 3) The main difficulty lies in the ethnicity, in which HXia (Steph. By*. s. v.) only XXeos and slXearr;?, but no ÜXtlog occurs. The Acarnanian Covenant Coins. The coins of Acarnania. Sound Dr. F. Imhoof-Blumer. With 3 plates and 8 woodcuts. Vienna 1878. Publisher of the Manische k. k. Court, publishing and UnWersltats bookstore. (Separate print from the X. volume the »Numismat. Magazine« 1878.) The wealth of good, naturally safe harbors, which the whole southwest and west coast of Acarnania in contrast za the neighboring coasts of the Peloponnese with few ports- is what prompted the Corinthians early on to to secure their trade in the Adriatic Sea and after In the Greek West there was a whole chain of colonies here. lay. Anaktorion, Leukas, Sollion, Alyzia are considered Corinthian Colonial cities directly attested, together with that on the Ambrakia, located on the epirotic side, covers the north of Acarnania enclosed. Further south, but much less important was Astakos, a colony of neighboring Kepballenia; in South, finally, in the middle of the Acheloos lowlands Oiniadae, although this one has no golonial relationship with Corinth, The tradition goes far, but in a special position towards the Akaruans, who are not affected by their isolated location, but rather can be explained by the fact that there is a population here kung lived, which was at least partly Pelopofanese seems to have been of origin. That's what the landscape was like the three sides facing the sea, where the small ones The coastal plains are the most fruitful parts of the country. make, surrounded everywhere with foreign settlements, in their
122 H. Because,
The same barrier was in the hands of all outside traffic. system to which the colonies of Chalcis, Makrynia, Molykria are located Aetolian coast and the exit of the Corinthian Sea who had to serve the breasts was along the Akarnani coast and on the Ambracian chest in a far more perfect manner came to fruition, and the policy of the Corinthians it meant that these daughter towns of theirs were in the colonial world for much longer. than other trading cities had managed.
The closure of the landscape from the sea had to do with it even the Acarnani, who found their political had the central focus, contrasted with the Colo- nial sites, and during the Peloponnesian War both they appear as in the time of the Second Attic Sea League therefore as always ready allies of the Athenians against the Corinthians united with the Peloponnesians. Sollion, Alyzia and then Oiniadae must appear in the beginning of the Peloponnesian Join the Akarnan Confederation during the war and become thereby won for Athens. Purpose of the federal cooperative But with Athens it was always only the colonial cities either to To force a connection to the landscape, or at least to that extent to weaken their neighborhood so that they no longer have to fear was. As well as therefore after the victory over Ambrakioten and Pelo- ponnesier Demostbenes to attack the already badly damaged humiliated Ambrakia advises, and Athens is out of the question The Akarnans say they could build a naval station there immediately made peace with the Ambrakiots (Thuk. HI, 113. 114); it is the same policy that led the Ver- Expulsion of the naupaktisebe fairs that had invaded Oiniadae never brought about.
Only successes like those of the Akarnans in the early days of the Peloponnesian War over the coastal cities bear, have always only been temporary, with the collapse of Athens' first naval dominance
The Acarnanian Covenant Coins. 123
Corinth, whose reputation has been around since the Sicilian expedition was lifted again, its colonial policy was restored in full record. In the second Attic sea confederation there are lant Bond certificate CIA II 17 the Akarnanen entered, but without the colonial cities. That is why during the sea expeditions of Iphi- Krates Lenkas was a base for Corinthian rule western Greek coast (Xen. Hell. VI, 2, 26), and not very much later like the strange mirror found in Corinth have been created, with the graffiti drawing of Poseidon-like enthroned Eponymheros Koqiv^og^ that of his daughter Amx.a$ a wreath is placed on the hanpt ') .
In the first years of the holy war, Alyzia and Anaktorion nnn the allies of the Thebans against the Phocian 2), and at the beginning of the Lamic War, Am- brakia, Alyzia and Lenkas on the side of the Aetolians against anti- pater 9 ), while among the Acarnani, who shortly before Oiniadae was snatched away by the Aetolians and initially took no part in it Battles against Macedonia were to be expected.
Although Corinth's influence over the course of the 4th century that had disappeared in these areas, and the colonies had achieved complete independence, prevented further next, the old aversion to the Akarnan rear- land connecting the coastal towns to the landscape. First the distress into which the Acarnani faced the Aetolians advice, Kasander's mediation becomes the reason for the alliance
1) Most accessible in the Revue Archeologlque (N. S.) vol. XX11I 1872 t. XI with the remarks Dumontt p. 29? and better in the Monnmens Grecs pnbl. p. l'asbociat. p. l'encouragement des e"tud. grecques en France n. 2 (1873) t. 3. We now also owe the proof of Leukas to Imhoof (p. 130 f.). a Leucadian copper coin, which is younger than the mirror: one with the Stephane decorated woman's head). is labeled AEYKAX.
2) According to the Theban edition published by Kumanudes /i&rjvalov III, 479 Inscription.
3) Dlod. XVIII, 11 and U. Köhler in CIA 11 n. 184.
124 R- Because,
with Leukas (Diod. XIX, 67), and then soon afterwards In addition to the already lost Oiniadae, there is also Agrinion and Stratos fell to the Aetolians, Leukas took the place of the last named became the head of the Akarnanic alliance. —
What is handed down to us about the history of the Akarnans up to the Roman period, is limited to a few occasional lish mentions; The contributions must be all the more welcome be, which Imhoof's detailed treatment of the Akarnanic Numismatics has revealed; the work falls into two parts, where- from the first page 13 ff. the coins of the Akaman League, the second, more extensive pp. 46 - 180 those of the Akamanian Cities treated.
To be placed at the top (p. 14): a small silver coin: bearded horned head en trois quarts, Ev. more feminine Head with pearl diadem en trois quarts AK (weight 1.87), and one very similar, which shows both heads en face, as an inscription of the Rv. but ArHMÜN (Wt. 1.97). The latter coin had previously considered to be Arcadian, but offers the greatest agreement mood with the group of slightly older silver coins (p. 158): horned bearded head (Acheloos) en trois quarts, Bv. more feminine Head en trois quarts with pearl wreath and collar in carr6 creux; the inscription on none of the coins is complete but opposite side complementary to A4T$ StQalziwv 1); so that's for them first group of coins given the allotment, it's like Imhoof has proven beyond doubt to be the oldest federal money Akarnanen, as its mint in the complete agreement mation of the types with the second group Stratos can be seen.
In the inscription ArHMÜN on the woman's head of the led coin, Imhoof assumes the name of the federal strategist. There is no certainty here until the series becomes more extensive to obtain. The name can also belong to the head; he is
1) The weights are 2.33, 0.98, 0.50—0.36.
The Acarnanian Covenant Coins. 125
for a cult of Artemis already known from an inscription, which from Bazin l ) not far from Stratos on the north side of Lake Trichonian in Aetolia was found, and after my transcript looks like this:
APTEM I TOZ ArEMONO "!!) APTEM ITOZ
'Hye/itdvri 2 ) is from Hesychius as an epithet for Artemis and Aphro- dite known, Anton. Liber. 4 knows a cult of Artemis 'HysfÄOvrj in Ambrakia.
In the series of regional coins, the copper coin follows first. embossed with the Acheloos head and A 1 , Ä , Rv. changing Types (Zeus head, Heraclesk, Pallask, helmetless woman's head), a similar embossing with Ol N IAA AN at the same time, but probably starting from Stratos (p. 16).
A second, younger copper wire is then connected here. coinage (n. 7. 8): Acheloosk. A<, Rv. trident between Dolphin and fc\ further n. 9. 10: walking Chimaera 1., Rev. bearded Acheloosk. Ac. The monogram A£ on n. 9. 10 shows that there are regional coins here which, as shown in 8/7, certainly belong to Leukas (p. 19 f.).
The two copper coins made at the same time (c. 350 - 250). now according to Imhoof (p. 45 note) “the main mass of those with urban Pegasos staters embossed with his initials, and stands for these as if it were silver club money.”
Until then the landscape and the inland cities had at least Stratos and Koronta still have their influence from Corinth independent coin recorded with peculiar types; now the monetary system of the Corinthian coastal cities is influenced by the inland country accepted after it had already been in traffic
1) Memoire sur l'ßolie, in the Archives des missions scientiflques et litr- raires II. Stfr. t. 1 (1864). The inscription is on the church of *A. locpia at the Porfe Molista.
2) On 'Hytpovr] see recently C. Robert, De Gratiis Atticis p. 6 ex comment. phil. in hon. Theod. Mommsenii.
126 R. w«ii,
will have become dominant. Among the Pegasos staters of the Acarnan cities seems, as far as I know the material can see that no one is older than the entry of the Corinthian French colonies in the Gauverband. Stratos, which is still anter Kasander had been raised and fortified again, is in The stateren coinage is no longer represented. From Argos Amphilochikon, however, there is an older coinage with Pegasos Staters, but similar to Oiniadae, this city takes a carrion taking position; she had, if even the Peloponnesian Immigration, of which the founding legends (Thuc. II, 68. Apollod. III, 7, 5, 4), talk, should be a later invention, ans Ambrakia incorporated Corinthian elements, and also the Events of 426 did not bring about lasting unification with Acarnania.
Around the middle of the 3rd century the Mttnz The Acarnans underwent a complete redesign: the back of the new staters leads the 1st enthroned Apollo with AKAP NANflN, the front shows the unbearded head of Achelous with inscriptions. official names. After the loss of the two most important cities at Achelous and the entrance to the colonial cities was the sanctuary thum of Aktian Apollo, which was in the area of Anaktorion 1 ), became the federal sanctuary of the Akarnans.
According to the previously generally held view, this is Coinage came from Thyrreion, whose simultaneous city coins with the enthroned Apollo and the unbearded Ach- looskopf right down to the detail of their representations with the regional coins of the Acarnans match. Cadalvöne alone had (Recueil p. 145) Leukas is considered the mint of this series, a ver- hunch, which Imhoof tries to justify on p. 40 f. From Leukas
1) The affiliation is already unquestionable based on the locality, also proves nor the staters of Anaktorion n. 8. 13. 14 with the inscription AKTIO at Apollok., n. 10. 11. 18 with the helmeted woman's head. Punta, the place where that Sacred hom of Apollon Aktios, is the location of the federal document CIG II 1794 a.
-rv
The Acarnan Covenant Coins. 127
has gone out except for the copper coins already mentioned above a series of Pegasos staters (Imhoof n. 11 - 18), in addition in the passage from Li v. that can be traced back to Polybius. XXXIII 1 7 in 197 Leukas referred to as caput Acarnaniae; and here- According to this, the landscape coins would also be minted there assume. But now this Gaumünn, which is the electorate tion of the old Corinthian stater follows, at the same time a Municipal coin of the Leucadians based on Attic currency 1 ), see above that the latter "the character of the trade coin", that on the other hand, the provision for “the internal traffic of the country” (p. 44) which remains with the original coin base is. Shouldn't this be the reason why? the Leukadians, who depend on their sea trade, were prompted to join the Attic-Macedonian coinage standard, and the minting of the landscape coins of a Mediterranean city ranea Acarnania (Liv. XXXVT, 11), Thyrreion? In the second part of the treatise we get p. 95 the coins of Argos Amphilochikon a correction for the Turin copper coin, which Waddington Rev. Num. 1859, P. 104 - 10S misled by the imperfect preservation
AMY AOA] MANfin, Rc. NAN read, and the Athaman King
APOS
assigned this name. According to Imhoof's investigation it is a coin of the Amphilochian Argos with a bearded helmet
AMY
Heads r. (Ares?) API~EIQN, Rv. Dog, including NAN
APOS
But that doesn't mean we're forced to give the coin now either To deny the Athaman king, in whose time they were very well can belong to your style. Argos Amphilochikon was all- things like Ambracia in the 3rd century to the Aetolkian League
1) Henietatexes of the Leukadians in Akaroan Wabrang are so far only three can be proven, Imhoof 8. 134.
128 R Because,
came. Philip V alone probably had 206 when he was elected wanted to advance on Thermos for the second time, the Amynander, for free passage through the Athaman mountain passes and to preserve the upper Acheloosthal, which until then was Macedonia the belonging island of Zakyntbos was left (Polyb. XI 4(7), Liv. XXXVI 31), which was in Amynander's possession until the year 191 has remained. For the Athenians, which are closed off from the sea, It would have been impossible for man to take possession of the island they did not have a port at the same time, for which reason In this case only the amphilochian Argos is taken into account could come. For a long time it was so pernicious for Aetolia Amynander's connection to Philipp did not pass, because 205 The peace agreement was already made between Philip and the Aetolians. The Amphilochian coin with Amynander's name So it can either still fall within the short period of success, or soon after the peace agreement, where the Aetolians had the relationship to the Athaman King, who was at least given a right of passage will have allowed to regulate what was forced. For the pre- After the peace agreement, Amy said that nander the title given to him by Polybius ßaatlevg on the Coin does not have 1).
In the coin series related to Heraclea, p. 103 ff von Imhoof rightly pointed out that only n. 7 - 13 because of the matching Akarnan currency Weight and Leake's statement that these pieces come from the Northern Acarnania come, certainly to Acarnania can be given. For n. 1 - 6 this is more than a concern. liche »the special position that the city of Herakleia has with its
1) With Burslan Geogr. I, 39 note 3 assume that Amynander this I didn't have the title at all because it was in the inscription found by Spratt (Arch. Zeit. 1855 p. 33) the xotvov xiäv Hd-afiayiov is mentioned, and these actually falls during Amynander's reign, there is no longer any reason. In the inscription from Olympia Arch. Period. £1877. 38 n. 37 erects the xotvov tüjy Uaiovojv a monument to his ßaaiXev? dqonitav.
The Akarnan Federal Coins. 129
Embossed (head of Heracles with lion skin right, reverse of enthroned hera- kles 1.: Staters of about Grm. 10 nnd Attic tetradrachms) would become the state of the Akarnans” (p. 110). Only: Plin. N. H. IV, 1 , 2, 5 Aearnaniae — oppida Heraclia, Erhinus, et in ore ipso calania August i etc., and Steph. Byz. s.v. 'HodxXeia — xa Xxaovavlag noXig. On these two testimonies is the Name Herakleia from Bursian Geogr. I, 111 and from Kiepert Atlas of Hellas was given to the strong and extensive Rich Palaeokastro with a wonderful harbor Karabasera. If only there wasn't another whole one in Acarnania A series of other nameless city castles, or at least that would be it Determination of the places currently named on our maps secures I
Imhoof has prefaced his content-rich text as an introduction Treatise a section on the distribution of coins with Corinthian type 1;, in a clear compilation Results of extensive, lengthy investigations. His Ver- Drawing of the mints 2 ) of these coins p. 5 ff. includes Akar- nania, Corkyra, Epirus, Illyria, Sicily and Bruttium, where he the staters with "E Terina, with R Rhegion, with M and VE. instead of to the Akarnanese Medeon, to Mesma; the Finally, he gives epizephyric Lokrians all staters with Ä", AO, AOK, AOKPQN. Among those mentioned last is also the one that has always belonged to the ozolian Lokrians since then. divided row. Nothing came to my attention in Athens there the Ozolian Locris is considered the provenance of these pieces. would draw, and even less so to me, although of course
1) The Corinthian colonial coinage was last discussed by E. Cnrtins in “a study of what happened” from Corinth (Hermen X, 8. 241 IT.).
1) These mints have now finally been eliminated from the ranks* with our doubtful (through Imhoof the two previously assumed in the Pelo- ponnes, Argos (p. 9. K3. 92) and Elis (p. f>3), who have had so much con- had founded the merger.
Journal of Numismatics. VII. 9
130 K- Weil, The Akarnanisrhen Federal Mints.
depends on chance, if you visit the country twice hung (also not in Nanpaktos, which was described by Leake 1 'as Mint of the Ozolian Locrians had been called), Locrian to locate states.
That leaves us with this, and this gives the whole execution the main emphasis, the imprint of the Pegasus staters definitely limited to Corinth and its colonial area, and to rural structures that are entirely under Corinthian or Syracusean have found influence, such as Acarnania and Bruttium.
R. Weil.
1) The Numi8mata Hellenica contain no finds for the locrisr staters notes that Leake shares wherever he has them.
The discovery of Carnitz.
At the end of July 1878, Carnitz near Regenwalde was settled a large stone in the field a vessel with Arabic Coins found through the kind agency of the Lord Senior teacher Dr. Kühne, Secretary. Pomnier Society History and antiquity, handed over to me for investigation were given. The find consists of around 140 pieces and consists of holds two, apart from the fragment of an Ispehbed coin Idrisid fragments and a Tahirid, only Khalifen coins of older times.
The Umayyads found: Wasit Hedschra 84 and H. 92; a coin from Darabgird, one from Damascus and nine fragments.
Under the Abbasids, Baghdad stands with 27 coins of H. 155 - 242 at the top, followed by el Mnhammedijja with 6; the The rest is distributed over the usual Near Eastern coins places. Transoxania is only with Bukhara H. 194, Samarkand H. 199 and H. 253 represented. Coming pretty evenly the years from H. 145 to 202, it then follows as in almost all of them Found a gap and only remains of the later Khalifahs el Mutawakkil with 5 coins (including Baghdad 242, Kufa 246, Damascus 2--) and el Musta In (r. 248-251) with represented by a coin. The one mentioned above is even younger Tahirideomttnze Samarqand H. 253 = Chr. 867/8, and it The find is therefore buried between around 870 and 880 fall; If he were younger, he would certainly do that too
9*
132 Adolf Erman,
fairly common coins of the successors of el Musta'fn hold.
Accordingly, the Carnitz find is considerably older than the vast majority of all that have become known. However, it stands he's not there in isolation. Also before the year 900 of larger finds (since dating smaller ones is an un- sure thing) buried in the north:
1 ) The big find that Frähn made in Moscow from a Jaden bought from Mohilew Governorate and only until 815 went down. (Minutoli, overview p. 59.) It contained a specific significant amount of Ispehbedm ounces as well as a lot of African, but it is quite abnormal.
2) The discovery of Tula; reached down to 816/7. (Minutoli p. 51.)
3) The Wäsby find, up to 826. (Tornberg, Numi cufici p. X.)
Almost all the others belong to the second half of the decade th century and included, in addition to the Arabic ones European coins.
What makes the Carnitz find even more interesting? gives, is a number of valuable and hitherto unknown Coins that I will describe below. Through the due of the owners, the Lord von Bttlow auf Carnitz and the Mr. von Stülpnagel, the same are in the Royal Collection passed over.
1) Wäsit H. 84. (Plate III, n. 1). Until now it was assumed This mint was only opened in H. 85.
2) Wasit H. 162(?). (Plate III, n. 2). This is well known Main mint of the Umayyads after their fall Gone and only reopened in 255. Although There is a Dirhem from Wäsit from the year near Tiesenhausen 179 cited, but the evidence cited is based only on nettle
■i
^
The discovery of Carnitz. J33
mann, Explained Prussia IV, p. 843, where not Wäsit HL 179 but rather the common Umayyad coin Wäsit H. 129 is shown. This should therefore be deleted. That's what comes here a piece that undoubtedly belongs to the older Abbasid period. At first glance, because of the crude stamp, one might Think of a barbaric product on the front; but off- You can see that there is no original for this even upon closer inspection, there is one on the back of the coin old genuine stamp l ) of the type used under the first Abbasid mints in Ge- was custom. Undoubtedly it is one caused by some kind of the hasty imprint that we have here. The history of this area is rich in revolutions; but Anyway, the reading of the year of our coin cannot be guaranteed is, it's a waste of effort after a suitable event to look around.
3) Ar ran H. 183 with the name of O^y* ^ Ju ij . This one The mint, which was in operation until H. 169, then appears to be contemporary to have entered into it wisely. The next known coin was until now from the year 184. (Tiesenhausen 1362.) The governor Ajj» ^j joij also appears in H. 184, but in the same year
1) This carryover of old coin dies and their use is too common Of course, it is not always unfair purposes in our understanding of coinage something extremely striking, but quite common in the Orient. Especially in In the fourth century of flight, the examples accumulate enormously, and must be one formal trade in antiquated stamps to semi-barbaric dynasts and Mint lords of a similar ilk have existed. This is the only way to explain themselves coins that appear in every find from two mismatched Sassa coins nidenstenipeln, from a completely barbaric one that only contains meaningless lines, and a delicate, undoubtedly outlaw, from a Hamdanid and a Buweihid (! in the royal cabinet in 5 copies of different origins), and similar monsters more. But even in later times such things are not unusual - lich. Sultan Mahmud of Malwa has no conscience against H. 850 from it, along with the obverses of his gold coins, several of the old ones, too extremely unpleasant stamp of a Sultan of Delhi with the year 770 use.
|34 Adolf Erman, The Find of Carnitz.
He was already followed by his son Ju*t, who ruled the province until H. 186 directed. The Tiesenhausen 1362 mint is therefore before 1361 CE put.
4] Armlnija H. 190 (Plate III, n. 3), consistent with T. 1482, only that the name of ^^ ^ 5) This inconspicuous, unfortunately poorly preserved coin (Plate III, n. 4) is the richest piece of the entire find. It is the oldest example of a smaller silver coin than it the Dirhem, it is the only example of a coin of the El Qasim, the third son of Harun er Rashide. I read as follows: Vf. *i\ jJI ^ Edge: ... J*, . . . [>*JaJl tiX* V /*> Rf. £ . Edge: £l*m *IH J^ Ju^ We have many of the two older sons Coins that they were given to them during Harun's lifetime Governorships beat Hesse; el Qasim, on the other hand, calls it otherwise never on the coins, although he is undoubtedly in his provinces had the right to mint just like his brothers in theirs. Adolf Erman. An overlooked Ortoqid coin. To the issues of the new Marsden series that have been published so far edition of Hesse from the Kon. Collection of multiple messages deliver sluggishly. However, since it usually only applies to undocumented years etc. comes out, I'll save it for a more comprehensive publication. cation of our Inedita and only want to discuss one coin here, which is certainly present in many collections, but probably always found to be unreadable among the incerts. The best of ours seven copies are shown on plate III, 5 - 8.
Whoever cut these stamps had a hard time with it Kufic is very familiar and has only legible letters instead of readable letters a series of vertical lines delivered, which at most can be distinguished by their different lengths. I believe but now suggest the following reading with a clear conscience to be able to.
Vf. Bearded head with diadem, to the right. Pointlessly cash- barized Latin transcription. (Imitations of the je. des Julianus Apostate.)
Edge unreadable.
Rand : ^-^1 y**\ ^^xJI r L~> ^'Ul . . •
So they are coins of the Ortoqid Jemirtash. His name Q->J0i -L-s* appears here for the first time on the coins.
Adolf Erman.
The coins of Padishah Chatun, wife of
llchan Kaichatu.
To women who accept dominance more or less openly There is certainly no shortage in the history of the Orient; but that a woman also has the great sovereign rights of the Islamic table world and especially the own coin, was of it As far as I know, only one example is known so far: the sultana »Rizia« (xy^) from Dehli 1 ). A second thing is now added: Padishah Chatun, daughter of Qutbeddin, prince of Kerman from the Qarachataic house, wife of the Ilkhane Abaqa and Kaichatu.
The Qarachata family was through multiple alliances related by marriage to the all-powerful Ilkhans; but if this high kinship also gives him his property secured - it didn't bring him much blessing 2). From the nights coming of the third prince of the dynasty, Qutbeddin Claims to rule: on the one hand, the children of a deceased son, on the other hand his son Sujurgatmisch and his Daughter Padishah Chatun. Since the latter wife of Abaqa was, he awarded her and her brother the rule. After Abaqa's death, Padishah Chatun did not go to the harem of Argun, but into that of his second son Kaichatu,
1) From her a beautiful piece of silver and several copper coins in the un- comparatively rich collection of Mohammedan-Indian coins of the king]. cabinets.
2) See the detailed description of the history of this dynasty Hammer, business the Ilkhane II, p. 45 ff.
A. Eratan, The Coins d. Padi schab Chatun, wife of IlkhanKaichatu. 137
and Sujurgatmish used this situation to protect his sister to deprive them of their share in the rule of Kerman. As but Kaichatu in the year H. 691 = Chr. 1291 himself to direct* When the news came, Fadishah Chatun was able to take full revenge on his brother take, she wrested power from him and killed him. Also her reign lasted only as long as her husband ruled; When Baidu ascended the throne, his wife took a daughter of Sujurgatmisch, revenge for her father and Hess Execute Padishah Chatun in the year H. 696 = Chr. 1296.
Belong to this woman, who also happens to be intellectually gifted now undoubtedly the following royal coins. Collection to:
1) A/. fTaf. III, n. 9):
Vf. *JU Ju^t
Rand: ... «j^bJ rjJ-\ ^ö^ kX9 . . .
RF. yii^s
»LiJÜU jüOU (?) Edge: . . . ju ^Luxil Il\p v-ya
2) jR. (Plate.
m,
n. 10 and 11):
Vf
o L
W
•
138 A. Erman, The Mfinzen d. Padishah Chatan, wife of Ilkhan Rakhata.
Apparently she got it after the dethronement of Sujurgatmisch in her capacity as ruler of Kerman. The “Praise be to God!”, with which, contrary to all usage, the front side of the dinar begins, probably also asked for the finally happiness relation to the dominance that has been achieved.
On the silver coins the last line is on the obverse probably to be added to Li>^j'li>}J. By the way, the name of the... As far as I know, this is Kaichatu in Arabic for the first time Writing on coins. His own not exactly common Coins probably bear his Mongolian name instead of that Arabic but those mystical words that he used according to the histo- Hess also relies on his paper money. And they are loud them after the copies of the Royal. Collection:
i^-;^» y^^vJ &> Tebriz H. 691. — Small -JE. from
Hamadan (with the lion). lc>)J* rr*F\' capital ^E. from a place of minting unknown to me.
i^?^ oä^j' JR- Hamadan H. 691. — Small ^E.
H. 691, unknown place of minting.
By the way, the ligature I read J could also well, yes! represent.
Adolf Erman.
The names of the first two Gordians.
Mr. P. Charles Robert wrote in Volume IV of the Mämoires de
9
la soctete arcbiologique de Bordeaux (Etudes sur quelques in- scriptions autiques etc.) an interesting one, already in 1828 in Bor- Deaux found inscription published, the first, which refers to one of the two Gordiani Africani l). The stone, from only half of which has been preserved has the following inscription:
IMP MANTONIOGORD ROMANO AFRICAIS PONTIFICI -MAXIMOT
So here appears, in addition to the well-known, two Gordians, Father and son, common name Africanus and the other name Romanus. Mr. Robert considers this nickname to be new and still unknown among the Gordians]; but it's already through to us the learned building elements (Musei Sanclenientiani numismata HI, p. 70 ff.) in 1809 from two strange coins been assigned, both until now Unica of the former Sancle Mente's collection, now in the Brera in Milan, where I I specifically examined it in 1870 2).
1) That 0.1.(1. 4f>85 does not refer to the Gordiane but to Maximinus and Maximus is already included in the Addeuda of the C. I.tf. (p. 1181) improved. See also Waddington — Le Bas, Syria No. 2399.
2) See my data on the Alexandrian imperial coins p. 100. — The M in PCDM of the second coin is visible.
140 A. v. Sallet,
The coins are as follows:
Prymnessus Phrygiae, Gordianus Africanus "(I., su it seems from the portrait). AVKMANTrOPAIANOCCEMPfiMA^PICEB Bust portrait with wreath r.
Bf. nPYMNHCZEflN Seated female figure in the tem- pel 1., with scales and scepter. EVER. 10.
Aegae Ciliciae. Gordianus I and IL
©€OYC • TOPAIANOYC • C€M • PUÜM ■ A$PI •
C€BB • The busts of both Gordians with wreaths, looking at each other. Gordian I right.
Rf. C€Y • AAP • Air€AIUUN • N€ • NA (Neokorat and Nauarchy indicative.) AflC. 284 of the era of Aegae. Eagle on an altar. -dB. 9.
These two beautiful and undoubted coins give us the one written out in Latin on the new inscription Name Romanus in Greek form, abbreviated, namely on one coin for both Gordians: l P As far as the meaning of the nickname Romanus is concerned, so In any case, Mr. Robert says the right thing: Gordian I, as pro- consul of Africa, received or increased with the title of Augustus immediately given the nickname Africanus; because this is not how Capitolinus says, with his supposed kinship with Scipio Africanus, but with the province of Africa, is, according to Herodian's words (the Africans T Qixavdv ixdkeoav aap eavzwv) since Eckhel generally accepted. In order to address this somewhat provincial-partisan cularist-sounding Africanus reminds us of his new dignity as Roman Augustus related epithets to the side ask him, like Mr. Robert believes the Roman Senate have given it the honorary name Romanus, which now naturally lich takes the first place, before Africanus. Anyway
The names of the first two Gordians. 141
Romann's name confirms Africanus' explanation, how which Herodian gives from the province.
So much for what the surviving parts of the inscription offer. About half is missing; after rejecting the very unsuccessful ones Attempts by a previous explainer of the inscription suggests Mr. Robert an addition to the inscription. He reads:
Received
IMP MANTON IOGOR D
Added
CAES I ANO ANTON I NO
ROMANO AFRICANÖINVICTOPFAVG PONTIFICI MAXIMOTRPCOSPPPROCOS
“Surely correct” is the addition CAES behind the IMP. According to the space behind it must be completely secure GORD[IANO now has a name, a nickname otherwise unknown to us, according to Mr. Robert. His suggestion that this name was ANTONI NO is accepted However, the news from Capitolinus was often supported through the marriage of Gordian I to Fabia Orestilla “Antonini pronepti” (Capitol. Gord. 17), through which Gordian II expressly provided epithets »et primis diebus sui natalis Antoninas est appellatus” (Capit. 1. c.).
But may this news, despite the childish obscurity Capitolinus's statement about the well-known noun of the Gordians: Antonius, and despite his eternal, which had already been reprimanded by Eckhel Confusion and chatter about the “Antonius” and “Antonius” toninns" in the biographies of Gordiane, also correct be, then Mr. Robert's opinion remains that the missing- Adding the name “Antoninus” is always just an act of familiarity, only on the bad and ignorant scribes of historia Augusta supported.
But I think we can do a better certified one Addition to the inscription, not only on Capitoline, but also
142 A - ▼• 8 » Uet >
based on existing monuments and gapitolin. — See Let's look at the order of the names on the inscription:
M. Antonius Gordianus N.N. Romanus Africanus.
What is the order on the Milanese coins? Prymnessus and Aegae i:
M. lJvz[<üjviog) roQÖtavbg CEM 'An/* (aiog) sfq>Qi(xavog)
and roQÖtavovQ C€M € Pa}fial[ovg) !4 So where there is a gap in the Bordeaux inscription, which one Mr. Robert ANTONI NO adds, it says in both, otherwise, what As far as the word order is concerned, it is completely identical to the Bordeaux inscription. table coin inscriptions not lArtwvlvog, but C€M. And, As acceptable as ANTONINO seems, the monuments are also inexorable towards good conjectures: when two cor- right Greek coin inscriptions at this point, between Gordianus and Romanus, do not have the name Antoninus, but instead one abbreviated with C€M, so must in the Latin inscription of Bordeaux this name, respec- tive a Latin word corresponding to the Greek C€M have stood. This C€M can also be found on the Alexandrian ones Coins of Gordian I. . AK MAN TOPAIANOC C€M A^P GYoeßrjg C€/?a<770£, and as is well known, it is generally assumed that that it should be supplemented with C€Myog, i.e. “Venerabilis”. The reasons for this reading are: Gapitolin says (Gord. cap. 7) from the older Gordian: “hie enim vita venerabilis” etc. SEMNOS means Cara- calla on a coin from Cassandrea (Eckhel D. N. VII, 304), one can add that, similar to the nickname IVSTVS (IOYCTOC, AIKAIOC) near Pescennius Niger, the “Venerabilis” is actually a suitable predicate of the ruler; Capitolin speaks e.g. B. the Emperor Constantin “venerabilis Auguste”. — This seemed to be true that the Alexandrian imperial coins a very obvious one that is contested with injustice
N
The names of the first two Gordians. 143
Distinguish between the coins of Gordian I and IL: Gor- dian I. with a furrowed old face is called C€M A<^P, Gor- But dian IL, whose face is completely different and much more youthful appears (I have the originals), is just called ropdiavog 14 However, this latter assumption has already suffered from the coin from Aegae a push; Here both are called Gordiaue C€M: ©€OYC-rOPAIANOYC-C€M-PQM-A$PI-C€BB- We are not entitled to say this arbitrarily C€M would just refer to the older one, just for the sake of brevity I put it together like this 1). — I want to be here now an idea that I had already made known earlier record. I want the C€M, its addition in Sefivog but really has no further certification than the simple one Capitolin's remark that Gordian I was "venerabilis" in his way of life (Gordian IL was much less so; he was too fond of wine and women according to Capitolin 19. give), and the only coin of Caracalla, from Cassandrea, with SEM N OS — so I want to with such weak evidence the most likely common features of both Gordians resolve the name C€M differently with the help of Capitolin's. It says (Capit. Gord. c. 2): »Gordianus senior . . . originem paternam ex Gracchornm genere babuit." So can if Gordian descended from the Sempronii Gracchi, the C€M certainly did SefitfQtiiviOQ must be supplemented. Anyway, if we do this Note from the Capitoline with the notorious C€M on the coins keep the two Gordians together, my suggestion instead the alleged ANTONI NO: SEMPRONIO
I) Liver the &eovc, which certainly does not indicate conseeration, a. below.
r\
144 A v - Sallet,
more authenticated and has more monumental foundations than that "Antonino" l ) .
The sequence of names, nouns and cognomina wildly confused: M. Antonius Gordianus Sempronius Romanas Africanus is not remarkable for that late period; one remembers only to Decius: “C. Messius Quintus Traianus Deciusa 2).
So I read the Bordeaux inscription:
IMP[CAES M ANTONIO GORD[IANO SEMPRONIO ROMANO AFRICAN[0 etc. The remaining parts of the inscription are unimportant. For INVICTO At most there is room, but it can also simply be PIO FEIL AVGVSTO or similar, the same is true PROCOS did not prove to be safe in the end.
Whether the stone is on the first or second Gordia nus Africanus is difficult to say. At the short, It is proper to the joint government of father and son- It's strange that the stone is only common to one of the two. dedicated to economic rulers. Maybe he should go to the the very first period of Gordian I's reign, before his Son accepted as co-regent, or before anything was done in Gaul learned about this son's co-regency?
1) That Gordian the third once found a coin from Cassandrea in Paris Antoninus instead of Antonius is worthless, because these coins have always been used. poached, incorrect labels. — I liked here before a fallacy warn. Gapitolin says of Gordian I (c. 2). . mother Ulpia Gordiana originem . . . maternam ex Traiani imperatoris etc. Now Cohn (VII pl. VI p. 244) forms one barbaric gold coin from: IMP GORD I ANVS • CES • AVO Bearded head with wreath r. RJ. DIVVS PATER TRAIANVS Standing female figure with wreath torch (?) and cornucopia. Which Gordian the head is supposed to refer to is quite uncertain, the coin was minted by barbarians; That's why the environment has The writing "Divns pater Traianus" has no documentary value, but is probably only simple imitation of the inscription of a barbarian mint by chance present Roman coin Traian with this well-known inscription on the reverse.-
2) Instead of “Sempronius”, “Sempmiiianiis” could also be the nickname of the Gor- to have been Diane.
The names of the first two Oordians. 145
I'll come back to the coins of Aegae with those Heads of the two Gordians back. Sanclemente has the domestic font ©€OYC-rOPAIANOYC-C€M-PUJM-A$PI-C€BB- understood to mean a consecration of the emperors and that the coin depicting the year 284 (AI1C) of the period Account of Aegae, after the death of Gordiane, is taken into account Balbinus and Pupienus — whose coins bear the same number — be shaped. I doubt this because after general use The consecration inscriptions on the coins read differently; never just give the full names along with the imperial title the short name and almost never the imperial title; one would G€OYC rOPAIANOYC or just a little more written have. In contrast, especially in Greek cities, the 9i6g is y according to the canine character of the Greeks at the time, one A more common name for living emperors is called e.g. B. Messalina during her lifetime OEA ZEBAZTH ; is similar the nickname Apollo in Nero, "HXiog 2eßaat6g in Antoninus Pias, veoi "Hlioi at Caracalla and Geta, finally the disgusting one Inscription OEOrAMIA on Claudius and Agrippina 1).
A.v. Sallet.
1) Ms. Sanclem. nomUm. II. Title vignette and p. 8; Ephesua.
Journal for numimology. VII. 10
The denarius find from Jarocin.
The almost inexhaustible Polish soil has it again a treasure of old denarii from the Xth and early years of the XL century, mixed as usual with jewelry pieces, delivered, a lot of the familiar but also some new things offers and a short description is probably worthwhile. The combination Setting is the well-known one, except for German coins Foreign ones are also represented, but what is peculiar here is this one Confession in Bohemian denarii, whereas the otherwise so numerous rich Anglo-Saxons very resign. In those too lies the main interest of the find, they contain much rare and unedited pieces, while the majority of the German ones are are known. The owner of these coins is Mr. Lawyer v. Jazdzewski in Poznan gave it to me, well arranged, with praise worth more willingness to use, and me like that able to provide the following overview. Because he but has reserved the right to include the Bohemian part of the find. To treat it in more detail, I have set myself up in this regard Mention of the most excellent stamps is limited. For the German I put small coins to avoid constant repetition my work on the same 1) is at the bottom and I give up without giving up the varieties and the greater or lesser degree of preservation the present copies, except that Quote only a brief hint of the character, the latter around the To save readers the trouble of looking it up.
1) The coins d. Saxon and Franconian imperial period. Berlin 1878.
H. D&nnenberg, The denarius find from Jarocin.
147
Germany.
I. Lorraine.
last, Adalbero I. 929-964.
1) + ADALBERO church. Bf + IMPERATOR and in the Angles of a cross OTTO. Dbg. 11. 1 Ex. Adalbero IL 984 — 1005.
2) + ADALBERO PRESVL head left. Officer SANCTA METTIS Church. Dbg. 15. 1 Ex.
3) Similar, but +ADELBERO. Bf + METTIS.
Dbg. 17.
4) Just such Obol (only... readable). — Unedited.
Yerdun, King Henry I
5) Imitation of Dbg. 91. Cologne, Otto I.
6) +ODDO+REX Cross with 4 balls
Bf
2 ex. IS is
1 ex.
2 ex.
Bf COLON! A
Dbg. 329.
8)
♦OTTO REX. Bf with G next to the A of city name. Dbg. 331.
Otto II
+ OD DO + REX same cross.
Bf COLONII Dbg. 335.
\ 27 Ex.
9)
Likewise, but +ODDO+MP AVG Dbg 342., Here too, as in the related finding of jokes mitz (VI, 242 of the journal) a few people from Cologne.
II. Saxony.
Duke Bernhard I (973-1011) 10) BERNHARDVS DVX head 1. Bf N NOMINI DNI AMEN small cross. Dbg. 585. 1 ex.
10»
14S H. Dannenberg,
Quedlinburg, Otto III.
11) +D GRA+REX cross with ODDO in the angles. Rf 8C2 2ERVA— CIV2 Church. Dbg. 6t3. 6 copies
This coin is not very common, 6 copies, therefore a large one Wealth.
Magdeburg, Otto III.
i
12) OTTO in d. W. of a cross, all around +DI GR — A REX. RF +MAGADABVBG Church.
Dbg. 639. 2 Ex.
Anonymous. 13) MAGADADEG" . Dbg. 643. 10 Ex.
mostly with very distorted transcriptions.
Hildeshelm, Otto III.
14) +C1I 1*RA+R€X Cross with ODDO. RF 2CA MARIA
Church. Dbg. 706. 2 Ex.
Dortmund, Otto III.
15) + ODDO + REX Cross with 4 balls. RF THERT— MANNI in 2 lines. Dbg. 743. 6 Ex.
III. Franconia. Mainz, Otto III.
1 6) Denarii with very corrupt inscriptions, imitations by Dbg. 776. 36 Ex.
Speier, Otto III.
17) Imitations, see DBG. 825 b text. 4 ex.
Würzburg, Otto II.
18) +IMPERAT-, in the field OTTO. Rf. +S KILIANVS Church. Dbg. 854. 1 ex.
Otto in.
19) + S- KILIANVS head r. RF OTTO REX- Cross.
Dbg. 855. 1 ex.
20) Similar, but worse styles and OTTO IMPE-
Dbg. 856. 1 ex.
The Den*rftu>d of Jarocin. 149
IV. Swabia. Strasburg, Otto m.
21) +OTTO IMP Lily. Rf. +ARGENTINA Cross with Crosier at fourth angle. Dbg. 913. 1 ex.
B. Erkambold (965-991).
22) «OTTO IMPE AVG Kaiserkopf r. Rf. + ERCHAN SOON EP Church. Dbg. 932. 1 ex.
B. Widerold (991-999).
23) +(OT)TO DI GRA(TilA REX crowned bust. Rf. VVIDEROIDVS ARGENT E Bust portrait with Krommstab, in the portal. Dbg. 936. 1 ex.
Completely confirms my a. a. 0. P. 356 pronounced Presumption that Argentinensis episcopus read.
24) Oddo imp. Aug., crowned bust between 2 stars. RF. WIDEROLD EPS 4 lilies and 1 ball.
Dbg. 940. 1 ex.
Augsburg, B. Ulrich the Saint, 923 - 973.
25) X VDAVIC3DM cross with 3 balls each in the 3rd first W. Rf. AVG CIVITA«« church gable with ENC. Dbg. 1019 e similar. 1 ex.
B. Henry I, 973 - 982.
26) + HEIMIRIC(V)«« HE cross with 3 balls in each 3 last W. Rf. AVGV«>TA CIVI church gable with ENC. Dbg. 1022. 1 ex.
B. Liutolf, 987-996.
27) UVTOLFVS EP2 Church with 1 ring between
2 bullets in 3 W. Rf. AVGVSTA CIV Church- gable with VVI. 'Dbg. 1023. 3 Ex. One of these pieces has 1 ball in each of the 4 angles, it But it remains to be seen whether we really see this as a new variety. have to watch, because the appearance of this coin is so quite Bohemian that if you ignore the inscription,
«
150 H. Dannenberg,
believes that he has a Boleslaw in front of him. So probably
We are only dealing with a well-crafted replica coin.
Otto Duke V. Swabia (973 - 982) and Bavaria
(976-982).
28) +vOTTO DVXv Cross with 4 balls. Petitioner AV GVSIA CIVIT church gable with EMC.
Dbg. 1040. 2 Ex.
Heinrich HI. the younger, Duke of Bavaria
982-985.
29) + HEINRICV«* DVX (declining) cross with 4 balls. Bf. AVGV"TA C church gable with 8DALR.
Dbg. 1041 and 1041a. 2 ex.
V. Bavaria.
Regensburg, Duke Heinrich I, 948 - 955.
30) HEINRICV" DVX cross with 1 ball in 3 angles Bf. REGINA CIVITAS church gable with ADAL.
Dbg. 1057. 1 ex.
31) Same, but ELLIN. Dbg. 1057c. 1 ex.
32) Likewise, with ENC as mint master. Dbg. 1057d. 1 ex.
33) Same, but WHERE. Dbg. 1057m. 1 ex. Duke Henry II, first reign, 955 - 976.
34) HEMRICV" DVX cross with 2 balls in each 3 first W. Bf. RENA CIVITA*> church gable with ARPO. Dbg. 1063. 1 ex.
35) Likewise, but ECCIOI. Dbg. 1063a. 1 ex.
36) Similar, but 3 balls each in 3 W. Bf. ENC.
Dbg. 1064. 3 Ex.
37) Likewise, but WHERE. Dbg. 1064 c. 1 ex.
38) Likewise, with AH ZI (very barbaric). 1 ex. Duke Otto, 976-982.
39) ♦•OT-TO DVX* Cross with 4 balls. Letter RAIA CITA<* Church gable with VVI. Similar Dbg. 1065. lEx.
The Denufand of Juocin. 151
40) Similar, with WO. Dbg. 1065”. 2 ex. Duke Henry the Younger IQ., 982 — 9S5.
41) «HENRCV" DVX same cross. RF RONA CVITA»> Church gable with ECCI. Dbg. 1068. 1 ex.
42) Similar, with ELN. Dbg. 1068«. 1 ex. Duke Henry II, second reign, 985 - 995.
43) HENRICV" DVX cross with 1 ringlet between 2 balls. Rf. REONA CIVITA" church gable with ECCO. Dbg. 1069. 4 Ex.
44) Likewise, with ELLN. Dbg. 1069 c. 5 copies
45) Likewise, but GVAL. Dbg. 1069 d. 3 ex.
46) Likewise, with MAO (barbaric, as always).
Dbg. 1069/. 1 ex.
47) Likewise, with ~IG. Dbg. 1069^. 4 ex.
48) Likewise, but VVI. 1 tbsp
Duke Henry IV, as Duke 995-1002.
49) «<»H€INDNV2 DVX Cross with ringlet, ball, triangle and ball. Rf. REGINA CIVIT church gable with ANS. Dbg. 1071. 2 Ex.
50) Similar to ENC. Dbg. 1071 b. 7 ex.
51) Similar, but GVAL. 3 ex.
52) RF. «»IC, otherwise the same. Dbg. 1071«/. 1 ex.
53) Likewise, with "VV. 1 Ex.
54) Likewise, but VVICI. Dbg. 1071/ below 6 copies
The same as king 1002-1004.
55) -$-HCINRTCV<» RCX Cross with 3 balls, triangle, Ringlet and triangle. Rf. RCGNA CIVITA" church gable with I0N3. Dbg. 1074 c. 1 ex.
Nabbarg, Duke Otto, 976-982.
56) +vOTTO DVXv Cross with 4 balls. RF NAP PAIA" church gable with VVI.
Similar Dbg. 1118. 2 Ex.
152 H. Dannenberg,
57-59) Aehnlieh, with ANA, 103 and IHH(?;. 1 ex each. Duke Henry II, second reign, 985 - 995.
60) HENRICV" DVX cross with 1 ringlet between
2 balls. Bf NAPPA CIVTA" church gable with VVI. Dbg. 1120. 2 Ex.
Neuburg, Duke Heinrich II, first reign, 955 - 976.
61) +HEIMRvCV" DVX cross with 3 balls in each
3 last W. Bf. N "MvPVRHC church gable
with ANA. — Unedited. I Ex.
The inscription leaves it doubtful whether Nabburg or Neuburg to read. But since the civitas behind Nappurc is never missing, behind Nivanpurch, on the other hand, always, and with good reason, Because purch already expresses the civitas 1 ), that's it the doubt is lifted, and subsequently the existence of this not long known and not very active mint moved a good bit further up.
Salzburg, Duke Henry IV, 995-1002.
62) vH€INRICV*> DVX cross with triangle, ringlet, three- corner and 3 balls. Bf <"C*> PVOD*TV*> church gable with WAI. Dbg. 1134. 1 ex.
VI. Indefinite.
Otto IU. with his grandmother Adelheid, 991 - 995.
63) +D— I CR— A-REX AMEN Cross with OTTO. Bf +AHTALHET church. Dbg. 1166. 2 Ex.
64)
The ordinary Adelbeids denarii without AMEN and with
ODDO. Dbg. 1167. 335 Ex.
65)
Similar obols. Dbg. 1169. 5 Ex.
Otto III
66)
Denarius, similar to No. 64, but Bf AMEN.
Dbg. 1171. 1 ex.
1) see DBG. No. 1125.
. *•
The denarius find from Jarocin. 153
67) Similar, but Rf. EDIL ART. Dbg. 1 172. 1173. 2 Ex.
68) The mysterious (Alemannic) coin with OTTO PIVS REX. Dbg. 1271. 1 ex.
69) +HLV Cross with 4 balls. Rf + PI«* I . . . .
four-pillared temple. — Millim. 21. 1 Ex.
Poorly preserved, according to the factory Swabian (Basel or Esslingen?), probably a replica of the Lud denarii wigs of the pious with XPISTIANA RELIGIO.
70; Wendenpfennig with OD DO. Dbg. 1328. 1 ex.
71) A similar one, also in Stolp (M6m. St. Pet. II, p. 96) encountered denarius, without the characteristic on- driven edge of the turning pennies. He sees how an Ur8tUck.
72) Similar, large turning pennies, without OD DO.
Dbg. 1325 and 1329. 6*7 Ex.
73) Similar Obol. Dbg. 1326. 2 Ex. Also more, probably German replica coins,
behind them some modeled after the Carolingians.
Bohemia.
Of these, 114 in number, 1 10 fall to Boleslaw I - III, and only 4 on Jaromir, who closes the series. Among the There are quite a few Boleslaws with incomprehensible transcriptions, but which nevertheless through their factory as well as through individuals Parts of their inscriptions reveal their Bohemian origin. It is not my intention to provide a detailed description. I just want to highlight the following more interesting ones:
74) + BOUEZLAV (declining) sword and small cross. Rf. +OVSTAOV church gable with CCC.
75) +BOLEZLAVv sword and Jl Rf. +PRAGA««* Church gable with +3 (Voigt, Böhm.Mz. I, p.87 No. 1).
154 H. Dannenberg,
76) +BOLEZLAV- arrow between 2 semicircles.
RF PRAGA+O Church gable with OOOO. (Stron- czynski I, plate m. Czeskich No. 2).
77) + V+BI — V3+V Head from the front. RF BVEZVAIV + n hand and arrowhead next to it. (BI. f. Mzkd. II, Plate XX, 314. Stronczynski a. a. 0. 3.)
The imitations (Stronczynski No. 4) were also found in some copies.
78] B:OLEZLAVAV Church gable with ±0*.
RF X BRAGA CIVITAZ cross with 3 bells each in the last 3 angles. Exact imitation of the Regensburg Duke Henry II. (955-976) . More numerous, indeed the most represented were the denarii
79) Bolezlaus dux cross. RF Praga civit church gable with ENE (Voigt I, 181 No. 2).
80) Also from those with the hand, Rf church gable (Voigt I, 181 No. 1) appeared quite a few. Also
81) with hand, RF cross.
82) BOVIZLAVS DV church gable with OVC.
RF X PPCI VIT NACVD cross with 3 balls and 1 ringlet. You almost want to think of Nachod, but this is a place probably younger.
83) BIOLCZLAV2 DVX Hand between arrow and A. Rf RPCA CIVIT NACVB church gable with 2A3C1.
Here Deus, No. 78 Got, and p. 366 I. d. Magazine that synonymous Slavic Boze.
84) BOLEZLVA«* + Q AX Hand between arrow and A . RF P-PA-6A-MIZLETA- Cross with 3 rings and an arrowhead in d. W. (M6m. St. P6t. in, plate 13, no. 2) .
85) XOM€RIZ«PRACA-CIO (regressive) diademirtic breast picture right, in front of it a cross. Rf BOL€ZLAV*> • D VX Hand between A and UU (Voigt I. p. 123).
The Derurfuml Ton Jarocin. 155
Some of these coins, e.g. B. No. 77 was designed for Poland. claims, likewise the denarius
86) with eagle. RF 2 swords, the Stronczynski I, 1 under the Polish ranks. Now that we have reliable denarii from Boleslaw I Chrobry, this seems hardly credible to me.
Jaromir, 1003 - 1011.
87) IAROMIR DV: Cross with 3 balls and 1 crescent in d. W. Rf + PPA-G-A-C-IA-I-XVS church gable with D + C .
88) IAPOMCDRDV+ Cross with a ringlet in the middle. Rf +IRIMORAD Maltese Cross (Berl.Bl.I. Plate U.87j.
89) 2£S VV€NC€XJH Cross with 4 balls. RF i IAROMIRDV church gable.
Once again a new character from the short but familiar various interesting coins so rich reign of this unfortunate princes.
Poland.
90) Half bracteate, like Köhne II, plate IX, 4.
England.
Ethelred (978 - 1016). 91-94) 4 pennies, all of the older kind, with CRVX in the angles of a short double-lined cross (Hildebrand, anglos. myut typ. C), with TVNA MO EAXE, HILDOLF MO EOF, GOD MOGIFEL (“ehester”) and LEOFPOLD MOPIN.
Italy. Lncca, Margrave Hugo II, 970 - 1002.
95) +(D)VX TV^C(IE), i. F. Hugo in the monogram. Rf (+D)VXI(VDITA) i. F.LVCA. (S. Quintino) della zecca degli ant. march. Delia Toscana, Pisa 1821. Image. #2.
156 H* Dannenberg,
Pariah, Otto I
96) 2 denarii with AVGVSTVS (groschenkab. II. Compartment, Plate I, 2.
Otto I and Otto IL 962-967.
97) 2 denarii. Petitioner OTTO PIVS REX (Mader I, 31. Pfaffenhofen, Mz. d. heart. v. Alem. Plate V, 6).
Byzantine confession.
98, 99) Fragments of Milliaresia Constantine X and Roma- nus IL (948-959) and Johannes Zimisces (969-975).
Arabic coins 1).
100) Khalif er Radi, Baghdad 324.
101) Samanids. Mansflr ibn Nflh, Bukhara, 354.
102 - 104) Samanids. Mansflr ibn Nflh, place and year different wipes; 3 different ones.
105) Samanids. Nflh ibn Mansflr; Samarkand, 379 (989 AD).
106) Buweihiden. Muizzeddaula and Rokneddaula.
107) Buweihiden. Rokneddaula, Amol, 359 (970 AD).
108) Bistun ibn Washmegir.
1 09) One circumcised to the size of a German denarius Dirhem .
The time in which our find was buried will be around 1005, because the latest coins in to him are from King Henry II and from Duke Jaromir, from the former but only a single piece.
1) After the pleasant determination by Mr. Dr. Erman.
The denarius find from Meisterswalde. 157
v In response to this, I also want to talk about a similar one Briefly report on the find that I have just received
Meisterswalde,
Berat District, Prov. West Prussia, should have been made. Him too contains a lot of Bohemian denarii, but none from Jaromir and nor any German ones from Henry II or his contemporaries, so that we have it around 1000, around the same time as that of Stolp (Dbg. p. 43) will be allowed to apply.
The majority are of course the Adelheid denarii, but only those without the Amen (Dbg. 1167), then imitations the Mainz Ottonians and (24) Wendenpfennigs of the oldest larger type (Dbg. 1325), while Cologne only had 7 Ottonians was represented. In addition, the find was as follows: together:
1) Otto III Liège.
2) Otto III Deventer.
3) Otto III Quedlinburg.
4) Otto III Magdeburg.
5) Otto III Dortmund.
6) Otto III Würzburg.
7) Otto III Strasbourg.
8) Bishop Widerold v. Strasbourg (991-999).
Dbg. 934. 2 Ex.
9) Basel. Conrad the Peaceful, King of Burgundy,
937-993.
Unedited denarius: + CH V EX rose-like decoration
(1 ring surrounded by 4 others, with 1 point between each). Rf. Cross, at the ends of which B, E, C (and T?) are added are so that they are marked with the letters in between Sl — A— 2 result in the words BSI LEA C'ivita)S. 1 ex.
Dbg. 192.
1 ex.
Dbg. 560.
1 ex.
Dbg. 613.
2 ex.
Dbg. 693.
5 copies
Dbg. 743.
Dbg. 855.
1 ex.
Dbg. 910.
1 ex.
15S H Dannenbeig,
10) Augsburg. Bishop Henry I, 973 - 982. Aehqjich Dbg. 1022, but with retrograde inscriptions. I Ex.
11) Regensburg. Some denarii to Duke Henry II. second period (985 - 995) (Dbg. 1069), but also 1 Henry I (Dbg. 1057) and 1 Otto (Dbg. 1065).
12) Obol of Adelheid. Dbg. 1169. 1 ex.
13) iaiLARX, with ODDO in the cross angles.
Dbg. 1173. 1 ex.
14) Same, but with 4 balls in the cross.
Dbg. 1175. 1 ex.
15) Countess Adela.
That the name of the previously known denarii with + AD...COMETI22A, +AEALA. . . .TISS and +AEAZA CONI...SII, to this princess of bloody memory, like me They try to produce p. 473, is fully justified, teach us the following denarii, each of which appeared here in 1 copy:
a) 3MOOA JTAOA cross with 4 balls.
RF . .OME AVE. . . Hand between A and UU.
b) A22IT3MOOA(.J)ACIA + Cross with 4 balls.
Rf OEAAEN-EOI .... Hand between A and Ul.
So the Adala cometissa, with very peculiar, almost like Z shaped L, is beyond doubt. The back seems off to contain the name Daventer after the imperial name (Otto rex), and the factory, which vividly recalls the coins of Henry II of with the same character (Dbg. 563) would be in full Harmonies.
The simultaneous find by Witzmitz (Vol. VI, 247 d.Z.) has 2 examples of this rare coin with A22IT3MOOATA+ and A22ITEWOOAL.A+. RF X DOIE . . EN" OTT and . . DOIEAVEISTEOTT delivered.
Not far from here, his hometown probably has an un- Edited denarius from Dutch factory:
The denarius find from Meisterswalde. 159
16) GODEFRIDIV'S head to the left. RF RTVSI
Cross with 4 balls in the angles. 1 ex.
17) An ex. of the night dances with the church gable.
Dbg. 1309.
18) Half a penny. Dbg. 1326.
Among the non-German coins, the number and denomination are interest at the top are the Bohemian ones (29 copies), all of them, as noted, from the Boleslaws, namely:
19) of sword type 1 Ex.
20) with cross and church gable, under which ONO.
21) with cross. RF Hand.
22) hand. Rf. church gable.
23) the head turned forward and BVLELV (3 ex.).
24) with half-length portrait in profile, by the mint master Omeriz (8 copies).
Voigt I, p. 123.
25) the Obol(?) with bird, RF hand and senseless surroundings writings (Berl. Bl. I. Pl. H, 80). 1 ex.
26) to my knowledge an unedited denarius with a bird. RF hand.
Then 27) of the semi-bracteates, which are considered Polish holds (Köhne H. Plate IX, 4.), 3 ex.
Finally 28) a Carolingian Obol from Orleans with un- recognizable main page, and 29) 2 pennies from Ethelred, Rf Hand, of Ipswich and Rochester *) .
H. Dannenberg.
1) Since the owner of this find wants to describe it in detail himself, so I can only give this short message.
On the Teschenbusch finds
(see Vol. VI, p. 109 of the present day) the two denarii belong to Kaiisch (No. 46 a. a. 0.) and poses (No. 60 that.), their illustrations I am supplying Plate II, Nos. 1 and 2 here.
As an equally strange ineditum, I close it
only two-sided Grand Master denarius
on the same plate II, No. 3, which only appears in the Thorn Pfen- nige (Vossberg No. 104) has a side piece. The back with The medal shield is common to both coins, but while the one on the main side is a castle gate with a T above it shows, ours has the Grand Master's shield, completely without writing, as well like the medal shield on the back on a long cross. If also more inconspicuous; This coin is not less numismatically less important than Grand Master Frederick's broad penny of Saxony, which I p. 161 vol. III d. Z. have described can. It will be about the same age as the imaginary Thorner but for stylistic reasons I almost think that one it has to move down even deeper than Yossberg thaws it sets between 1410 and 1454. By the way, the concern that one could easily forfeit, it just wants our denarius out If it is cut out for a shilling, I break the tip through the remark that apart from the definitely against it corresponding quality of the edge on all shillings a continuous cross that breaks through the writing, while It's here in front of the (assumed) inner edge, so
H. Dannenberg, Zorn Finds from Teschenbusch. \ß\
ends before the required transcription. So we actually have- truly and truly a new one, only through the completely different The corresponding type of coin represented by Thorner is presented to us. From which one Grand Master they ran out, unfortunately the ones from tell us about that There is so little in the documented records communicated to Vossberg Information about the aforementioned broad pennies from Friedrich. The denarius in question is probably the same as this a mere rehearsal dance.
Stade as the financial center of Henry the Lion.
This city, which was important enough and already in the second quarter of the XI. Century with two denarii occurs ;s. my coin Saxon and Franconian E. No. 720 and 721), also Already in 1272 Archbishop Hildebold of Bremen granted the Mttnzrecht received, according to our knowledge so far, was missing from then on until the 15th century Century see sheet f. Mzkd. No. 23 II; Bode, coin being of Lower Saxony plate IX) of the coins entirely, and whether- Probably Stade coins in documents during this period occur, Stade also at the beginning of the 13th century. century as Mint of Count Palatine Henry, Son of the Lion (1195 until 1227) is mentioned (see Schoenemann, Zur patriland. Mzkd. p. 1 2) , it has not yet been possible to create an impression of the place from the XII. up to the XIV century. Hence the following denarii are of particular importance.
1 , The lion jumping to the left in one with a pointed reinforced between 2 crenellated towers, with a gate Round wall with opening. RF # OSVOt • S*Ä*H6Re lily cross. Plate II, No. 4.
Grote, who shares a very similar piece (sheet f. coin customer III. Plate VI, 107), could not decipher the inscription because it is not quite complete and the upper part of the T is cut off was, hence the T, which by the way is shown here in this round shape.
Numismatics magazine. VII. \[
162 H* Dannentorg,
Strange how a 6 appeared. Now compare the transcription nnsres copy with that of Groteschen: # CO SVO. . Ä¥H€R€, so you get: ego sum Stathere, i.e. h. I'm a city native (Penny). The same ego sum is not unheard of in this time, it appears by name on bracteates of the Duke of Saxony Bernhard B9RNHÄRDVS • SVO) EGO and BERNHÄRDVS SVM 660 DEN (Köhne, N. F. IX, 17 and X, 27), which means compare BERNHÄRDVS 660 (ibid. IX, 16) and the denarius * SIOE • LVBICEMSSV (Bl. f. Mzkde a. a. 0. 108) from the same Finds such as the Stader listed above, as well as the p. 293 Köhne N.F. cited examples. So the Middle Ages knew so well as coins that spoke antiquity (see Vol. I, 278 AD).
The following is used to explain the mint of our coin. Historical tradition says that Henry the Lion came to Stade in 1165 after the death of Bremen Archbishop Hartwig I, last March Counts from the House of Stade, took possession in 1182 Archbishops returned, but received it again in 1189, and just like that His named son, Henry the Tall, then claimed it 1219 ceded to the Archbishop of Bremen Gerhard II 1). The lion is the Braunschweig coin, and the coin of Heinrich dem Lions beaten, like a comparison with the rest Denarii of the touched find makes clear.
Doubts regarding the correct interpretation of the St RTH6R6 wish to remain are represented by the following denarius elevated:
2) * STÄET6N • DEMÄRI cross, one at each angle Ball surrounded by a circle of pearls. RF three- towered building with an arch in the middle, in which a lily-like figure. Instead of the transcription balls. Plate II, No. 5.
1) Uehtmeyer. Braunchw. Chronicle pp. 331, 361, 396. 424. Leitzmann, Signpost II. 314.
^
SUde as the mint of Henry the Lion. 163
This denarius - just like it, similar to that of Heinrich the lion himself (Bl. f. Mzkde I. Tab. VI, 105) - er- excellently purifies the previous one, to which he belongs to the factory and thus is definitely very close in terms of time. And again He seems to have the following, which have so far remained unexplained No. 1 from the same find to shed light:
3) * 6IIO SVO SdÄtfHeEe same cross as on No. 2. Bf. Wall with 3 towers. Instead of the inscription balls.
Bl. f. Mzkd. IH. Plate VI, 111.
Considering factory equality and two circumstances, which a strong presumption of the same homeland of this and the previous one Coin awaken, namely the equality of the cross and the both have a common characteristic, that one like the other has balls on the back instead of the inscription, so will you shouldn't hesitate to send this denarius to Stade too. and accordingly the transcription here too #660 SV01 S?Ä?H€R€ to read; All that is required to produce them is minor improvements.
And since I'm interpreting, I'd like to do the same
for the enigmatic *SC— S • BST9VRVS • DEI (loc. cit. No. 110)
Allow me to suggest an interpretation, I would like the letters
Replace 9VR with the related PAIZ. You then receive
ESTPÄI2VS, also Scs Stephanus Dei (rope, martyr), which is very
good to the Sanctus Stephanus martyr of Jesus Christ on the
Bracteates near Leukfeld plates II, 24, 25 and Reichel IV, 1856 and
1857 fits. But if that is correct, then they should be similar
No. 113 Plate VI, BL f. Mzkd. HI (with *SCS... .S-DOMIIIS;
Because of their great similarity, probably also on Halberstadt
to be related; that cross with the lilies in the corners and
the balls in the open middle are the same and
the rear of the building was only slightly changed.
11»
164 H« Dannenberg,
Nassau's Middle Ages - Coins.
In my collection was and is now K. Museum here itself the following denarius of the count
Walram II of Nassau-Idstein 1370 - 1393.
oSBonacAoeGienscam Half-length portrait.
Rf. * o WJILRJJSBVS o aOSBGS o the Nassauische Lion in the field. Plate IL No. 7.
Probably the same coin as that of Mader VI, 209 described »small thin silver coin WALRAMVS COMES the Nassau lion. RF blurred." The place of origin is Idstein, that even under very mutilated forms of its original The common name form Eddechenstein, Etgenstein occurs and on the gold guilders of this Count Etgesin. Even less There may be doubts about the mint owner, whom Grote already based on Mader's inadequate description, in our Walram (Bl. f. Mzkde III, 99) . That this is correct and that Walram I, the founder of the Walram line (1249 - 1276) can make no claim, a glance shows on the related Miltenberg and Bischofsheim denarii Archbishops of Mainz Gerlach (1336-71) and Adolf 1373-90'), but especially the Fulda, Hammelburger and Vacha denarii the Fulda abbots Friedrich (1383 - 95) and Johann (1395 - 1440) 2) and other Frankish denarii from the end of the XIV. century.
This coin gives me reason to take a look to toss the Nassau coins of the Middle Ages, all the more than I am able to, this rather poor series with yet two others, if not entirely new, at least not yet to enrich it with sufficiently well-known characters. Two of our first
1) Streber, 20 chnrmainzer silver pennies.
2) Streber, About some coins of the prince abbots of Fulda.
Nassau medieval coins. 165
Coin connoisseurs have already dealt with this object. tigt: Mader (VI, 207) has, apart from the things from his Geldric and Essen coins to be separated from the drawings, as a whole, including the imperfectly described above written denarii, only four pieces were able to be found, and Grote (Bl. f. Mzkde III, 97) only has a single piece for them can add.
These are the oldest coin monuments in the world Nassau Princely House at the top:
«
1) DVE CO the Count with uncovered head, sitting
with lance and palm branch. Bf *SI6EN(EN«I)E CIV three-towered church in a wall.
This Obol is already known, as Mader (I, 85) describes it published, but unknown in that he did not publish it knew how to interpret. The fact that he mistook it for cologne is through his factory apologized for the illegible inscription on the main page, and that he brought it to the end of the XI. Yearb. offset, likes through the inadequate knowledge of the Cologne coin series at the time, as well as the erroneous view that was held by the people at that time so-called Hitolfs coins l ), explain themselves sufficiently. But we now know that the Archbishops of Cologne until the middle of the XH. Century the type of the forward-looking bust portrait held 2 ], and that the ged. HIT ARPC coins with sitting Archbishops belonging to the time of Frederick Barbarossa; we know furthermore, that Archbishop Arnold H. (1150 - 56) relied on his Coins depict Hess sitting while still his predecessor Arnold I (1137 - 50) used larger denarii in the old fashion had his bust embossed (see Cappe, Cologne plate IX,
1) Mzstud. III, 265; Dbg. Mz. d. Sachs. and French imperial ore. p. 171.
2) We must, of course, make it clear to ourselves that Cappe is a bad person. converted the preserved denarius from Rainald (1159 - 67) into a Hugo (1137). (Cappe, Cologne VIII, 133 compare with IX, 143). But there are none at the moment safe coins from Hugo. *. Dbg. a. a. 0. p. 175.
166 H. Dftnnenberg,
134 and 136). It is of course possible that Arnold L, after At first he paid homage to the old branch, in later years that has applied new stamps, and we are therefore not able are, these new stamps are different from those of his successor of the same name conclusions, a possibility which is provided by the present given coin has a certain probability, since it does It cannot be assumed that the Nassau coins belong to the Cologne coins should have served as a model. — This shows the main page to the middle of the XII. Century, this is what the back page says in harmony, with the proviso, however, that it is completely the same Building is not just based on Cologne coins from Barbarossa (Mader IV, 51 ; Berl. Sheet HI, plate XXVHI, 3) and those like them early HITAPC's (Cappe, Cöln VH, 111, 112) - on these Of course, still with a star in the portal - but already open an older denarius, namely from Archbishop Friedrich I. 1101 to 1 131 (Cap VIII, 128 ; Dbg. Mz. of the Saxon and Franconian Kaiserz. 417 and 418). Also the count's denarii and obols Eberhard von Sayn 1139 - 76 (Mzstud. III, plate IV, 1 - 3). Pretty similar, by the way.
It will now have to be taken as a given that Our coin was minted not much before and not much after 1150 is, and this date fits the transcription perfectly. Because as History calls us the ancestor of the Nassau House Brothers Bupert and Arnold (1124 - 58), who were still counts von Laurenberg called us, while her sons already called us
Count of Nassau. The DV£ CO of ours
The coin will therefore be the younger brother Arnold, who is named after the Brother's death in 1151 lived for a few years, the transcription is then distributed with 5 letters on both sides: ARNOL—DVfc CO. There's nothing of the ARNOL with me Some certainty can be seen more, but also nothing would speak against it. The writing remains of Mader's copy Of course, they do not support this reading, but they also support it
Nmaus medieval coins. 167
any other has no clue. But as it is here too- with behavior from other gentlemen than the two mentioned Our coin cannot come from our brothers or any of them. stir, that proves, apart from what was determined above Time, the back page. She names Siegen (near Mader) as the minting location is *.IGENENL. ^ CIV readable), in the current reg. Arns mountain of the province of Westphalia, which was an old Nassau property was. Grote (Bl. f. Mzkde III, 101) and Leitzmann (signpost P. 73) cite documents from 1224, 1252 and 1304 in which Siegen (under the name Sige, Sygin) appears as a mint. Count Henry the Rich (1198 - 1249), the aforementioned Rupert Grandson, half went to Archbishop Engelbert I of Cologne all rights and uses in the city; Witness this Cologne's co-ownership is probably a denarius of the ore Bishop Siegfried with Bishop (HVITÄS • S9GQN0RNI9N (Merle p. 148 No. 10; Cap XII, 206). This would be the second oldest Coin from Siegen, during the Turnose to be commemorated below and the Raderalbus are significantly later.
As far as I had written, luck gave me a second one A copy of this obol was shared, which is on the The main page clearly shows IVO SLL — DVfc CO, So it proves that here we are once again, as on the current Rhine- so common, with a partially corrupted inscription to have to do; like the inscription on the back completely, like this is half of the main page, namely the second half correct, in the first one corrupted.
Whether we ever have a copy with a completely correct inscription It says that you will find the main page. But it is striking less the incorrect inscription than the fact that this So far there are 4 copies of this type, all of them obols, namely, apart from the ones mentioned, No. 12318 of the Thomsen catalogue, but not a single whole denarius to date. appears to have come.
Igg H. Dannenborg,
Among the Siegen coins the third in age is the »Turoose described by Mader (VI, 208) (Grote. Bl. f. Mzkde III. Plate II, 16):
2) TVRONVS CIVIS city symbol in the ordinary one Lily border. Bf. *MORETÄ S9G9N nm the cross, outside: little lion and BNDIdTV: SIT: NOQDE: DNI: RPI: DBI: IhV XI.
That this coin is not, as Mader believes, urban, Grote has already noticed that he thinks the count's name is omitted, either because of the Cologne Communion, or because the coin was from the time the Knights Staves owned it and von der Heese (1349 - 59) or during the guardianship may be defeated by Countess Adelheid in 1359 led to John I until 1362, and adds that with The coins she found at the same time tell her about this time.
A little later is the following penny (Raderalbus.
3) IOhGS : aOMGS : DS : IiÄSÄV St. Peter half lei- best with cross staff and key under the portal, above next to it two lions «) . Bf. MORGTÄ— IiOVÄ SI— G3I2SIS in the pointed and trefoil coat of arms of Nassau, a floret in each corner (sheet f. Mzkde III. Plate IL No. 171.
Grote believes this coin is just around the corner for the sake of the drawing Minted in 1430 and therefore suitable for Count Johann II. (1416 - 1443, the son of John I, mentioned above, 2).
4) *ROPIORT bust portrait. Bf. [ *, ü J\ (SS) J{ V Lion im
Shingle-strewn fields [Bl. f. Mzkde 111. Plate II, 20, the text on p. 99 gives: ROPE°RT .
1) Grote's illustration leaves as little of this lion as my copy recognize something. By the way, the latter is slightly different with regard to the back, it has
* MonsTÄ o — o novÄ : si ° — • cemsis .
2) He gives this John II a brother John III, who is in his family panels (Mzstud. IX, p. 129) are missing.
Nassau medieval coins. 169
From Hapert Count of Nassau-Sonnenberg 1361 - 90, since the two older counts of the same name, the one mentioned above 1124-51, and the son of King Adolf (1298-1304) for him Denarius of the Frankish type are much older. It's supposed to be from him There will also be an Obol and Grote (Mzstnd. VII, 500) from him after Gaillard 1 ), Mon. de Flandre p. 139 one Florens up.
By his brother Adolf I (1361-70), the founder of the The Wiesbaden line brings Euler (Num.Zeit. 1863 p. 185) as follows Denarius:
5) ÄDOLFVS: COMES The Count, with the shield in front of him the Nassau lion. Letter MONETA "■ WESE BADEN 2) The Nassau Shield (see also Annals of Club f. Wet. Alt. and Gesch. IV, 1855).
Adolf I's son Wal- Ram II (1370 - 93), from whom we receive gold guilders, turnoses and have denarii, namely:
6) MOHQTÄ QTGQSin A bust portrait in a portal with sword in his right hand, above the Nassau shield. Bf. * WÄLRÄSE : ÖO : flZGS : DG : RÄSSÄV Der Nassau lion shield in an egg frame of six bow. Gold guilders (Mader VI, 39).
7) Turnose. *WÄLRÄMVS (JOMS* cross, outer circumference Font: BNDIDTV SIT etc. Rf *TVRONVS- OIVIS, the city symbol. (These and similar ones see Mttnz- stud. VII, 386.)
Because of the frequency of the name Walram and the man- This coin has every indication of where to look for it
1) Because that's how you should read it instead of GaUois.
2) The peculiar character of the writing is obviously not unique here - pressed.
170 H Dannenberg,
Yes, I have to put up with a wide variety of assignments, Recently, however, Grote (Mzstud. VII, 389) has come to the conclusion Reasons why I decided that Nassau was my home Walram IL is the minter.
8} The denarius from Idstein discussed at the beginning.
9 Philip I of Nassau-Weilburg, 1371 - 1429.
* PWLIPPVS 8 dOMQS § IiÄSSÄV In the trefoil that fourth Nassau - Saarbrttck coat of arms 1). Rf. *MOIiETÄ § OPIDI 8 SÄRBRVGEßS' o Cross.
Plate H, No. 8.
This beautiful penny, in the main page quite similar to that Luxembourgish by Jodocus 1388 - 1402 (Bl. f. Mzkde IV. Plate XV, 314) belongs to the son of John I (1361-71) and Countess Johanna v. SarbrUcken, which this county belongs to Nassau home: for his son of the same name (1429 - 92) he is too old, as can be seen by comparing with the aforementioned Jodocus and other related Lorraine can easily convince people. Unknown like the coiner Previously, the Sarbrücken mint was also used in numismatics. Only a recent find made our coin (in 3 copies) plaren) and a variety with SÄRBRVO 7 were brought to light (see annual report of the Ges. f. nützl. Forsch, zu Trier 1874 p. 81).
By the way, it is supposed to be from this Philipp, like Mr. Jul. Isenbeck in Wiesbaden also gave me a gold guilder.
I know other Nassau coins from the Middle Ages not. In particular, the large one should be excluded from this series. schen Appel plate XH, 23: Götz, Gr.-Kab. 7958, the Grote
1) Leitzmann (signpost 572) describes the Sarbrücker coat of arms very un- right, it doesn't show a silver lion with a gold crown in blue, with fields strewn with silver stars, but rather the field is filled with crosses
sprinkled.
Nassau medieval coins. 171
(Bl. f. Mzkde III. P. 102, No. 6) doubtfully referred here had, because its transcription is not *MORGTÄ IiOVÄ LOVRGIiBQRG', but LOVFQIIBGRG') and so he is not in Laurenburg, the ancestral home of the Nassauers, but in Laufenburg am Rhein (canton of Aargau) defeated.
H* Dannenberg.
1) Götz reads KQVR8IZBQRG, Kevrenberg, Käfernburg and drives it Groschen therefore under the count. Schwarzburgische.
The second bracteate find from Jessen.
At Jessen! ) the blue flame has to be with the people to talk, lively 1 burn, because it is already there earlier An important bracteate treasure was brought to light by Stenzel (Numismat. Stud. p. 21) has been excellently explained. With this- But this one has nothing to do with that, because it is something like that 80 years older and therefore related to the a. a. 0. p. 28 be- wrote Gerbstaedter treasures, which relationship also confirmed by the fact that some rare pieces were found in both cases are common. Unfortunately I wasn't able to do that Find in question, about which a quick decision has to be made had to be taken to examine at full leisure. essence However, something is not missed because the transparency is was enough to establish that the selection applied to all important tending pieces extends and that the ones left behind go over the Nature of the find and especially the time when it was made been laid down, nothing further and nothing else emerged, than the chosen pieces. Those excluded from the selection These copies are partly very damaged and unrecognizable, partly doubles, partly finally the big, fragile northern houses with the image of two emperors, and especially large ones, thin Meissner, for example by Dietrich the Oppressed (1195 - 1221), similar to many of them in the sheet, f. Mzfrde No. 56 and at Seeländer (10 writings plate t p. 17, here as Askanisch-Branden- Burgische) have been depicted.