Zeitschrift für Numismatik, vol. 2 — 1875

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s

s

MAGAZINE

FOR

NUMISMATICS.

PUBLISHED

FROM

Dk. ALFRED OF SALLET,

MITOI.1EI> DRA ARCHAKOLOOISCIIEN INSTITUTS, EnnFNMITOLIKI) DP.R NUMISIiATISCHRN

0E8KLL8CHAFT IN LONl>ON.

SECOND KH BAND.

BERLIN.

WEIDMANNSCIIE BUCIIHANDLUNM}

1875.

^Uö./U^ .

Contents of the second volume.

Antiquity

Page

Sallet, A. V., On the artist inscriptions on Greek coins

(Plate I) 1—9

Friedlaender, J., The Thracian kings Kotys III. and

Coin attributed to Sadales II 10 - 12

Friedlaender, J., About some mysterious letters on coins zen from the time of Diocletian 13 - 17

Friedlaender, J., Amisus under the name Samisus and Samisoe 29-31

Mommsen, Th., Roman Denarius Treasures 32 - 68

Mommsen, Th., On the coins with the images of the proconsuls

of Asia and Africa 69 - 73

Sallet. A. V., lAIEAEHN, Thracian - Macedonian silver coin 74 - 75

Friedlaender, J., Zeus Troios, Zeus Aseis and Zeus Osogo. . 107-112

Friedlaender, J., Hadrian's travel coin 113 - 114

Friedlaender, J., Taulara in Pontus, not Aulari in Paphlagonia 115 - 116

Friedlaender, J., A legion coin of Augustus 117 - 119

Sallet, A. V., Copies of coin types in ancient Greece 120-129 Sallet, A. V., The Coins of the Greek Kings of Salamis in Cyprus and the modern ones assigned to the same

Forgeries i Plate V) 130-137

Sallet, A. V.. Arcadian coins i:i8— 140

Lambros, P., About unedited Achaean federal coins and

Value designations on Greek coins. . . 160-179 Brock, P., Numismatic studies on the later Roman Imperial period with special reference to the coinage brands 1,189—245

Friedlaender, J., About the coins considered to be Arcadian

Achaean Covenant 246 - 248

Sallet, A. v., Alexandrian of l'escennius Niger imdGordian's III.

with an enigmatic inscription (Plate VI) 249-251

Sallet, A. v., Aurelian's co-regent on Roman billondenars

(Plate V]) 252-257

M^oa^fe^

ly content of the second margin.

Page

Duhn, F. V., The coins with the inscription IDN® .... 2<>4

Curtius, E., Coins of Olympia 2G5— 278

Friedlaender, J., The Royal Acquisitions. MUnzcabinets i. J.

1874 (Plate IX) 285-294

Müller, L., The coins of Asia and Africa with the portraits

the Proconsuls 295-308

Droysen, H., The coins of the Persian satraps in Klcinasieu 309 - 319 Holm, A., comments on B. V. Head's Uistor}' of THC coinage

of Syracuse 334-351

Mommsen, Th., Denar treasure from Compito 352 - 350

Sallet, A. V., Coins of King Darius of Pontus and the

Mithradates (Pergamenus) of Bosphorus 357-361

Middle Ages and 10th century.

Friedlaender, J., Addendum to the coins of the East Frisian

Chiefs 18-23

Bergsöe, S. A., coin of Waldeniar IV, Duke of Jutland 24 - 27

Merzbacher, E., comment on the previous 28

Lietzmann, K., The medieval coins of the city of Aachen (Tai*.

II — IV*) 70-84

Bardt, F., Contributions to Pomeranian coinage 141 - 148

Dannenberg, H., On Dutch coinage 149 - 150

Friedlaender, J., The coins of Faldern 157 - 159

Jiergsoo, S., The alleged ZougniBSc of wtmilian incursions

in Denmark 25S— 203

Dannenberg, H., The coin find from Kowal 320 - 333

Sallet. A. V., Albrecht Dürer's medals (Plate VII, Vill) . 362-307

MISGELEN.

Domitian's head erased on coins. A.v. S85

The Royal Coin cabinet in Berlin (unworthy storage place

same) A. v. S85

Denarius with A. Nerva 86

Coin of Tiryns. R. Weil 87

Stamps with the coat of arms of the Palaeologists. J.F 180

Finds of Brandenburg denarii. II. D 181

The alleged PM on coins of (Jolonie Corinth. A. v. S. . 279

The consecration coins of Caracalia. A.v. S280

Alexandrians of Pescennius Niger. J.F'ISO

* I The magazine owes these three plates to the (rüte dos Mr. Verlassers.

A.V.S.

f. '-'^ . O r

•V,

Contents of the second volume. t y

Page

Prize task of the Academy 280

Tetartemorion of Metapontum. A.v. S 36S

Improvement (Arsacid Coins) . A.v. p. 369

Corinthian copper coins (with PRF ITER). Th. M 369

On Caracalla's Consecration coins. A.v. S371

NECROLOGIST.

E. Bump^. A.V.S 85

G. Riccio. A.V.S 180

LITERATURE .

Bompois 87

Curtius, E 89

Mommsen, Th 89

Numismatic chronicie ... * 96. 186. 282

Numismatic Journal (Vienna) 97

Revue Numismatique 100

Schlumberger 101

Grueber 182

Friedlaender, J 183

Hoad 184

M^langes de Numismatique 186. 372

Periodico di Numismatica etc 186

Saulcy 187

Brock 281

MUlverstedt 283

Fikentscher 371

Pigorini 373

Catalog etc. (Thomsen) 374

•

About the artist inscriptions on Greek stamps.

(Plate I.)

Since the publication of my work: “The EU Artist Inscriptions on Greek coins" I have, from almost all sides, na- from my friend Imhoof in the most courteous manner supported, tried hard to collect additions without that I would have succeeded in finding something significantly new. I I'll leave everything I found here in brief geographical terms follow organized notes. Perhaps not unwelcome the accompanying plate I., which contains some of the most beautiful and contains the rarest Greek coins with Ettnstlemamen, all- Brightly reproduced from the originals or exact mechanical copies draws. A description of each number on the board follows at the end.

Tarentum* — On a didrachm from the collection of the Lord Outerbock in Berlin has H on the dolphin. This could At best it could be an artist's name, but it is with Tarentiner Coins very doubtful whether these books were ever used stadian artists are meant.

Heraclea Lncaniae. — Those of Imhoof (Choix Plate VIII, 254] published coin of Heraclea with E Y^P on the reverse is now also in the Berlin Museum, but with a different, better design. worked front. The inscription has the form: EY^PU, but the last one seems to be just a coincidence, not an O ^'»^n

Zeitiichrirt f. Namism. 11. |

2 A. V. SaUet.

Metaponto. — The one I only expressed very conditionally Conjecture that the APIZTH in the neck section of the goddess on the Unicura of the Berlin collection is the nickname of the goddess, has almost become a certainty for me. Imhoof (Choix Plate VIII, 258) has a Metapontine coin with N I K A in the same place published. By the way, aqiaxrj likes the same nickname as vyUta be Demeter.

In the catalog of the British Museum is, as I have previously said noticed the perhaps unclear APOA under the Apollo lokopfe misread ZPAY.

Thurli. — The monograms and letters that have been If you stand on the bull's hindquarters for a while, you could Keep the artist's name, such as the strikingly small monogram '^ on a beautiful tetradrachm from Fox's collection (Ber- liner Museum] , on a Berlin didrachmon and K on a didrachm that I saw at Heim Sambon.

Pandosia. — The inscription MAAYZ (on the electrotype the Z is very uncertain, but MAAY is very clear) on the Herm of the reverse of the magnificent didrachm in the British Museum (Catal. of the Greek coins in the Br. Mus. p. 370 ab- forms) appears to be a stage name. This will also the view that da^ frequent NIKO on silver coins of the city is an artist name (Salinas sul tipo d. tetradr. d. Segesta p. 28) probably; it is also written in small font the backs, but not hidden but in the field.

Bheginni. — On a tetadrachmon from the Im collection hoof of newer style (PHriNßN) and wonderful finesse The execution is behind the Apollo head turned to the left a small monogram: E or similar, which may be the artist name. Like the style of this coin probably be one of the latest; with the destruction of the city dnndi Dionysioßl. of Syracuse, 387 B.C. C, seems like Leake correctly noticed to stop the silver coinage.

About the artists in Greece. 3

Behind the Apollo head is a tetradrachmon (Fcol). big EY; the inscription is PHPINON. The head asked some Similarity to the heads of Euaenetus.

In Sambon's recherches etc. (1871) QnnTi ^^^ is incorrect

KQatrjaiTtno read. The inscription is not here leaves, but in the field.

Sicily.

It is not correct that magistrate names appear on older silver coins do not occur. The names of the Agrigentine coins at the heyday of art, ZIAANOZ, ZTPATUN are

certainly magistrates.

Camarina. — On the didrachm with the beautiful head of the river god from EYAI (Imhoof, British Museum) i.e. Euaenetus, not EYM as Leake describes, or EYHZ (Saliua's Revue numismatique] .

On a didrachm from the British Museum of somewhat older In this style, under the head on the left, there is a not quite clear lish inscription, read by Poole vA; I suspected maybe P, Procles, but this is not certain.

Catana. — Holm [Catana, p. 43) describes a still nn^ edited drachma with the Amenanoscope Ef, Quadriga and the Inscription otherwise only from the Tetradraehme with Apolio's head from the front by well-known artist XOIPIHN (Plate I, 7, Fox).

A fairly old tetradrachm from the Berlin collection (also in Paris) has a small H under the quadriga, but that rather this Oestalt has* )-(, so maybe a sjrmbol, not one letter.

Naxns. — On Mionnet's sulfur abgoM^nes Didraehmons In the Paris collection, beneath the head of Apollo, there is a statue of Mion net unnoticed small but clear P; this is certain the well-known Procles, who Air Naxns md Catanp arHAi^'^i.

4 A.V. Sallet.

The coins of Procles are certainly among the last ron Ca- tana and Naxas, but I no longer believe that you can Naxns accept a later date than Zerstöning 403 may. Also the mysterious Berlin coin of a Neustadt-Naxus, with NEOrOAl and Naxian types, seems hardly later as 403.

S y r a c u s,

Sosion. — On the rather ancient tetradrachm (Plate I. 1 . Fox, Munich) it doesn't say ZfllZfllN , but like Streber and Salinas already read correctly^ ZfiZIfllN in the diadem. In terms of style, the coins of Sosion are among the oldest, which have stage names.

Cimon. — I also have Cimon's name on it Back of his famous tetrarachms with the head of Arethusa from from found on that of the two backs pages depicting Nike flying. On the floor- The stripe clearly says KIMQN. (Plate I, 4 British Museum, Vienna.) The assumption, which has been communicated to me from several quarters, that it is which is also Cimon's hidden book to the left of Arethusa's head. staben, is wrong, you have the curls for Z and A (i.e. ZYPA) held.

There is a strange one, perhaps from Cimon himself worked imitation of his decadrachms on a small scale rod, as a tetradrachm; the head with the net facing left is correct exactly match (Berlin, Peunisi). A K does not appear in the tiara There is no mention of the artist at all. The Back is not from Cimon, it seems.

Enaenetus. — The A in the field of decadrachms can It's impossible to be an artist name because it's next to it with the inscription EYAINE (Paris).

About the artist inscriptions on Greek coins. 5

The EY, which appears on small coins from Syracos and Ca- marina (female head Ef, Pegasus) stands next to the head, is probably not an artist name. The coins belong to one lot later time than all those with artist inscriptions.

On an ancient tetradrachmon from Syracuse (Berg lin, Paris, Torremuzza) with ZYRAKOZION and a head with a cap with a meander decoration, to the right, there is A in the Cap, in front over the forehead. One could think of the suggestion here think of the artist; This would be the oldest example of one Artist's inscription, probably from the middle of the 5th century.

On the very late coins with Pallas's head and shooting- Artemis and with the head of Pallas and lightning stands in the helmet Pallas, at the back, sometimes a small A. Despite the hidden ones The position here remains the same because of the late period of its development. These coins make the assumption of a Kttnsflemamen doubtful.

LyHimachns of Thrace. Salinas discusses in the Bulletino of the Roman Institute, 1865 p. 35. a tetradrachm of the Ly- simachus with MHNOA under the head and ZfiZIO under that Arm of Pallas of the back. Both insohriften are, according to Friedlaender's communication, quite small, and the assumption that These are artist's inscriptions cannot therefore be completely ruled out. throw.

In the APIZTOBOYAOZ on gold coins of Lysimachus (Luynes choix XIV, 5), which was removed here at the point BAZIAEfiS, with large letters, stands, looks Raoul - Rochette with a low probability of being an Ettnstler inscription. It is probably the name of a Beateit or dynast.

Chalcidiee. In the arms of the lyre of a large silver mtnze of the Chalcidian band, of gatem style, in the pari-

6 A.T. Sallet.

ger collection, not noticed by Mionnet, 3 and ü, so Each backwards, in small font. This with the already mentioned th AM standing in the same place and the one also in small writing between the arms of the lyre and another compared to the KPA standing at the Paris Mint, za is entitled to assumption that all of the above and any others at the same time inscriptions on these beautiful coins with a less likely to be mistaken for artist inscriptions can, the more so as on the same pieces below the description official names start with Eni.

It may be different with the one in the arms of the Lyra standing O and A, on a similar older coin Styls in the British Museum, without magistrate's name. Most true- Apparently all these coins were minted in Olynthus, and OAYNO is known to be found on smaller coins of the type named after Apollo. lokopf.

Pharsalas ThessaliaOt — On a beautiful didrachm of this city with Pallas's head to the right (exactly Heraclea Lucaniae equal) and rider to the left (in the possession of Hm. Prof, Dr.

Rhusopulos in Athens) is very small behind the neck: ^, ,

M I

under the rider also TH. A similar not entirely German lish coin in Berlin, similar with TH and TE in Imhoof's choix IX, 27. These small inscriptions can probably be used for the name of the die cutter.

Arcadia. — On the magnificent large silver coins Zeus head and seated Pan stands on the rock OAY, OAYM or XAPI (Hague, I have the copy). The interpretation ^'Okvfi-^ nog^ d. i. Mount Lycaeus is, as Imhoof already said has, is obsolete and in both inscriptions you may have Recognize artist inscriptions.

Cydonia Cretae. — On one in the style and type of the coin of the Neuantos very similar syllabic coin from Cydonia, in which

About the artist inscriptions on Greek coins. 7

Paris collection (Miomiet's prints) is behind the head a monogram in small font; to Mionnet (Planches No. 561) lYP, after the Abdrack M' or similar. By analogy According to the Neuantosin script, this is probably the artist's name.

Finally, some chronological notes about the Greek Chinese die cutter: we have the safe one for Rhegiam Datem of Destruction, 387 B.C. C, with which the silver coins probably listen. But Cratesippas was probably there much earlier his coins still have PHTINON.

For Sicily we are granted the date of the destruction of Naxus and Gatana, 403 BC C; a safe dating of a big one Number of Coins: Procles worked for Naxus and Gatana, Choirion and Herakleidas for Gatana, certainly not long ago 403, Euaenetus for Gatana and Syracuse in his first, something strict style, probably also in the last decade of the fifth century. His perfectly beautiful coins (one of Ga- marina is more similar to the earlier ones) with those of Gimon at the same time, will probably extend beyond the year 400. Eukleidas falls into the same period as Gimon and Euaenetus, Phrygillus etc. Eumcnus probably started a little earlier, Sosion is also one of the older artists.

In general, all Sicilian stamp cutters belong a period: that of the highest power development of Sicily and especially from Syracuse, according to the Athenian War and under Dionysius I, during whose time all masters works of Gimon and Euaenetus fall.

In Oriechenland the artist names are included in the voting and sporadically in order to be able to say something for sure. The Beautiful coins of the Ghalcid League belong in Philipps Time until 348 B.C. G., who moved from Arcadia to the 19th century Arcadian service, in Epaminonda's time, 366-363. The Coin of Cla- zomenae with OEOAOTOZ EPOEI likes to the time of

g A.y. Sallet.

King Maassoln of Carlen (f 353j. The similarity of the head, which is, however, much more beautiful, with that of the Carian King's coin has been noticed before.

With the exception of the dubious royal coins and probably some sub-Italian ones can be dated to the middle of the fourth century 100 B.C. are generally considered to be the time when in which the artist names on coins disappear, while There are hardly any reliable examples of this phenomenon last decades of the fifth century leave.

To panel I.

No. 1. Syracuse, Tetradrachmon. ZfllZIfllN in a diadem. Berliner Museum (Fox), Munich.

No. 2. Syracuse, Tetradrachmon. EYAI on the belly of the Delphins and EYAINETO on the board. British Museum, Berlin (private collection), Paris (indistinct).

N. 3. Syracuse, Decadrachm. KIMQN on the dolphin. bri- tish Museum. Similar in many collections.

No. 4. Syracuse, Tetradrachmon. (KIMfiN in the headband of the Arethusa from on the main page), KIMQN in the footer bottom strip of the back. British Museum; other examples plare indistinct.

No. 5. Syracuse, Tetradrachmon. EYKAEIAA in the helmet of Pallas. British Museum, Berlin Museum, Naples.

No. 6. Syracuse, Tetradrachmon. EYKAEI on an open one Paper or parchment roll. Berlin, private property ; ßaoul- ßochette's collection.

No. 7. Catana, Tetradrachmon. XOIPIfllN next to the Apollo head, under it the name of the god. Berliner Museum (Fox).

Zo the Küustlerio writings on Greek coins. 9

Nf. 8. Cydonia Cretac. Didrachm. NEYANTOZ EPOEI.

Paris, less clearly Berliner Museum. No. 9. Glazomenae loniae. Tetradrachmon. OEOAOTOZ

EPOEI next to Apollo's head. Berlin Museum (Fox).

Undisputedly the most beautiful example of the three known

Style and preservation.

Syracuse, addendum. In the report that has just come to me Head's plot on the coins of Syracuse (Num. Chron. 1874 Plate V. 3) stands on a beautiful tetradrachm [Rf. under the Quadriga lion attacking a bull) next to the head the retrograde inscription ZYPAKOZI(QN) nor IM (or declining MI), certainly not (K)IM. I consider this to be one new artist name. The coin is with those of the rest self-named artist at the same time.

Dr. A.V. Sallet.

The Thracian kings Kotys III. and Sadale's 11.

attributed coin,

Anyone who studies Greek coins in detail is used to strange mistakes made by others and him meet yourself; the fault is not at all with the numisnia tics, but often due to the difficulties that arise in particular caused by poorly preserved specimens. This is how it is explained Possibility of such a strange error as described here should be shown.

Sestini has created a collaborative project from the Chaudoir collection lic coin of the Thracian king Kotys III. and his son Sadales 11. published and pictured, the front KOTVOC in front of a bearded head, and the reverse BA CAAAAO between the spokes of a wheel. *) The names of two Kings on a coin are rare. In the Chau Museum Then he describes the same specimen again^]; Mionnet repeated the description^), and in the Tresor de Glyptique et de Nnmismatique Sestini^'s illustration is copied^).

There is a copy of this coin in the Fox collection got into the K. cabinet, Fox and his friends had it,

1) Lettere di contlnuazione V. S. 3. Plate I. 4.

2) p. 48.

3) Snppl. II, 5ÖÖ, 37.

4) Rois Grec's Plate VI. 7.

The thnc. Kings Kotys HI. o. Coin attributed to Sadales II. 1 1

r

Following Ifioniiet, these Thracian kings were divided. The Types and the raw barbaric character struck me as disgusting differing from the other Thracian coins at the beginning, nnd at Upon closer examination I recognized this coin as that of Sestini depicted a Spanish.

Not KOTVOC and BA CAAAAO as Sestini read, but- because IPTVCI and lAI CX/^XV-I (declining) is up of the coin, so it is from Iptuci in Hisp^^nia Baetica. The Letters on the other side, which fluctuate in their shapes [15 deviations are known], belong to the 9,bastulo-phoeni- hissing'^ writing^ which is also found on other bilingual zen together with the Latin inscriptions ASIDO, LA- SCVT, BAILO etc. occur; Zobel has this inscription in the 17th volume of the German-Oriental magazine compiled. In the faithful and beautiful images of the Celtiberian coins given to Lorichs is the coin from Iptuci panel LUI. 6 shown, in Heiss p. 352 plate 53. The two originals that the K. Münzkabinett now owns, completely agree with Sestini's illustration, the large figures len which surround the wheel, the hub of the wheel are on all of them the same. Whoever the illustration at Lorichs with Sestini's compares, you will be convinced that this is not an additional due similarity can be spoken of. Sestini has that I thought I saw Greek inscriptions and gave them to him Engraver sketched out how he used to do, always in good faith, but from the desire to find something new and interesting tempted to give.

It must therefore not mislead us; that he later, in 1830, published another copy*). to which he gives the inscriptions even more completely, namely BAZIA KOTVOZ and BA. . . AAAAOY, he was deceptive

1) Museum Hedervarianum IV. l, 8. 90 No. 1.

12 J- Friedlaender.

just keeps moving forward; He was eighty years old at the time and nursing the descriptions made in the summer at Hedervar in the win- ter to Florence, i.e. without the originals at hand to have.

A third, brief description is of even less value to be enclosed, which Dumersan gives in Allier's catalog ^) ; he reads BA KAAAAO, obviously an erroneous repetition of the Sestini's error spread by Mionnet.

Such a misunderstanding of the local character of a coin, like this allocation of a Spanish coin to Thrace, is very much the most practiced and experienced numismatist Sestini rarely happen. In the biographical description, which I in the Berliner Blatter für Münzkunde Part IV. Page 1 given, I did not disguise his weaknesses, alone, as often happens now, believing all his descriptions Failing ben is certainly unfair.

The coin of the two Thracian kings must therefore be canceled.

i) s 29. j. Friedlander.

prefer some enigmatic letters on coins

from the time of Diocietian.

To Mr. von Rauch.

You told me that you wanted to go to your beautiful collection long Roman gold coins the aureus of Galerius Maximianus have acquired, which is at the end of the transcription of the reverse side has some letters that are still unexplained and you ask me according to their meaning. Unfortunately I don't know any information give; only because these and other related letters me with my explanation of the value designations that you know on late Roman mills, so I have them Facts researched carefully and can at least answer the question put it right^ whatever the first step towards a future answer is.

As on your Aureus of Galerius Maximianus Augustus, one of his wife Galeria Valeria also says NCLXC at the end of the transcription of the reverse side, i.e. at an unusual appropriate place, otherwise such characters can be found in the section the. These letters appear on the emperor's aureus lOVI CONSERVATORI, on the Valeria to VENERI VICTRICI. Both have in the SMN section, Sacra Moneta Nicomedensis. The aureus of Valeria is in the K. Beger cabinet has already published it.

The rarity of both coins explains why they are often have been described correctly. Eckhel (Doctrina VIII, 20) has

14 J> Friedlaender.

the letters read incorrectly and the cap of Galerius Maximianus Herculens assigned. In the Moustier auction catalog No. 3488 and in the Revue Numismatique 1863, p. 8. Plate I. 5 one copy is described and shown (not the one now yours) ; Sabatier mistakenly read TXC and explained this for 96. Even if YXC stood, it certainly couldn't mean 96 ten. And the denarius of Constantius Ghlorus mentioned there has

not, as Sabatier states, XC but he has XC

VI, this is

96, which is known to appear on many denarii of this era; it means that these pieces are ^pounds, which is their value weight confirmed. The Moustier catalog and the revue give, Following Eckhel, the Aureus the Maximianus Herculeus; but This is certainly wrong, because the image is not the only thing that speaks for Galerius - this would not decide - but that of Galerius' wife has the same letters on her aureus, surely secures the allocation* ; on gold coins of other emperors They do not appear as this couple.

The NC must be separated from the other letters because It only occurs in the same place: in Galerius itself, in Maximinus Daza, and (elsewhere, namely on the gem which closes the surrounding wreath on the other side). an aureus of Constantius Chlorns^j. As far as I know, have all these pieces with NC the Sigle of Nicomedia in the section. According to Cohen, the Wigan specimen of the Aureus is said to be the Valeria SMAZ in the section, but this is wrong. Because This same example from Wigan's collection is in no time mismatic Chronicle, new series Th. V, p. 101, by Madden wrote; Of course it has SMAZ, but it's not that at all Aureus which has NC or NCLXC, but the other without these characters! So error is piled upon error here, everyone

1) Wlcwy Tb. 11, 96, 704. Plate II. 33.

About some mysterious Bach songs on coins from d. Time of Diocletian. 15

in themselves unimportant, but together they dim the fact aachen. So far the sentence remains that NC 9m ends the Kehraeiten inscription only aaf coins with the sigle ygb Nicomedia occurs. So you want the name in NC see this mint, which was the residence of Galerius, if it weren't so unlikely, on the same ropes to find the minting location of the coin twice. But what also NC means you have to separate it from the other letters» it So that leaves LxC.

The Aurei of Diocletian and his co-emperors weigh up to 5.4 grams, so they are ^ pounds, and their full weight is 5.4575. This weight begins under Diocletian, who Monetary system reorganized, first of all pure denarii again Minted silver and abolished the denarii aerei. If I I said in an earlier essay, the Aurei of Diocletian and his co-regents weigh 5.3 to 5 grams, so be -^ to £1,000, that was the case here and still often from others method used to calculate the average weight no, wrong. For coins, the weight of the heaviest specimen is plan the decisive factor, and even this one can still be one Little to add, because how rarely do you see a coin that would not have lost anything due to wear and tear.

Even the gold medallions, which, as we know, are always partial pieces of the pledge, i.e. contain a certain number of solids th, confirm that the Aurei are Diocletian's ^ pounds. Two weigh 13.08 and 13.10 grams instead of 13.G4375, they are ^ pounds or 2^ Aurei of 5.4575, and three large ones weigh 52.26 >), 53.50 and 53.59^ instead of 54,575, so they are ^ pounds or

1) Da» MeynaertzVbe Kxemplar, now in the possession of Mr. I>r. Missong in Vienna, which I was able to weigh myself. In the Meyntertz catalog there is 1 l^nze f) Gros 42 Qran stated which is 52 grams.

2 j A Paris example; the impossible weight 58. 58 grams at Cobe- The same has corrected in the 7th volume za 53.59. There are a«cb faltck« egg«iiipl«r'

16 years Friedlaendei.

10 Aurei. So everything is correct here. But the new order Much of the coinage system certainly did not follow the rule directly. the advent of Diocletian, but only after some time introduced, as is the nature of such institutions; this It also emerges from this that he still had Denarii aerei with the Werthzahl XXI coined, which he then abolished and implemented Copper coins with the same value were replaced. So if Aurei Diocletian really had a different weight than -^ pounds, 80 they belonged to the beginning of his reign, and refuted- didn't take into account the fact that he got 60 aurei out of the pound towards Hess. This weight he introduced did not last long Constantine minted 72 aurei from the pound.

So since the Aurei of Diocletian and his co-regents ^ pounds, and since LX and XCVI have been proven to be based on silver mttnzen, LXXII on gold coins partly to the same, partly in a little later ^ -^ -^ pounds mean, that's what you want from the LXC to this -^ pound Aurei LX- separate, but then the incomprehensible V remains above it L and C left.

This is the riddle that awaits solution.

In the same era and in the same unusual place Find the location of the coins at the end of the inscription on the reverse side we often see CMH on copper coins. On indistinct copies OH OH QMH CPU CHI etc. has been read for this, especially in older works, when you don't get it with the sigls exactly took; I have examined numerous coins and always Ofl found.

This monogram appears in:

1) Galerius Maximianus as Augustus. . 305-311

2) Galeria Valeria

3) Maximinus Daza as Caesar .... 305-307

aas modern stamps, which were made in Paris, I love two of them seen.

About some mysterious letters on coins on the d. TimeDiocletian. 17

4] cathedral same as Angnstas 308 - 313

5) Licinias as Augnstns. 307-323

6) Gonstantin d. Gr. as filins Angustornm 307

7) the same as Aagnstns ^08 - 336

Constantius Chlorus, who died in 306, and Flavius Severus,

who died in 307 do not have it.

It therefore begins in the year 307, Gonstantin the Elder. Gr. has it as filios Angnstomm, which he was only 307, and Maximinas Daza has it as Aagnstns, which he became in 308. That’s my research enough, it seems to fall in the years 307 and 308 za. It would be interesting to know whether the coins are in other large collections confirm this result for a long time.

Oh, these coins are all from Nicomedia.

This monogram can be found on the ice coins alone at GENIO AVGVSTI and GENIO CAESARIS, Valeria has it at VENERI VICTRICI. At Genio Imperatoris and Genio P.R. I didn't find it.

So it occurs nar 307 and 308 (it seems), nar in Nicomedia, and also in certain requests.

The smallest part of the coins are denarii aerei, mostly are they the large eapers that are equivalent to the denarii aerei? coins. The fact that it is based on these two genres would like to cause it to be taken as a token of value; CMH would be 248, but one would read Greek number letters M

J. Friedlaender.

ZeiUchrift f. Namitm. U.

Addendum to the coins of the East Frisian chiefs.

After Mr. Hooft van Iddekinge, Director of the üfttnzka- binets in Leyden, the overview of the East Frisian chiefs Coins, which I gave in the first volume of this magazine, Having enriched himself most generously, he increased our obligation through communications he made after the article was published sent and whose publication he authorizes.

The coin pictured here is not unknown; first' hmm she Buhle von Lilienstem in an essay: Contributions to the coin-- iMMb of the Middle Ages Plate No. 10, then Thomsen in the Ha&- iMMMdien pages for coin studies Th. n, p. 338, plate XVI, $t4 B« f» imUicated. All previously known specimens alone are wai^n imitations, Amuthon was unreadable, and that-

ktteb 4ie coin indeterminate. Now the pictured Ur^ 9 Great received, brought to light. Mr Hooft wwat Iddekinge has in the correspondence sheet of the Münzforsebeiv Association, published by Grote, Fifth Volume No. 2. Already reported that he got this coin from a nearby place Finds made by Groningen with 7 denarii of the bishop Bemulf of Utrecht, 1027-1054. received. These 7 denarii

J. Frledlaeadw, Niebtitg zo da« Htann d«r ottfilealKhen HLoptlinge. (9

were minted in Groningen between 1040 and 1054; into this So time will come for the MUnee they found with Ama- dion g^Oren. ' Mr Hooft Tan Idd^nge thought to others Places to which this mask could be distributed Emden.

However, the distribution to Emden can be justified. The The name Amnion is mentioned twice alongside Emathon. Regiatem of the Werden monastery in the 10th and 11th centuries before; It is not yet clear whether this means Emden in East Frisia land or Westeremden in West Frisia means the former is wabrscheinliofaer, and a HsJ comes with a similar form “Certainly for Emden -iror, as E. Friedlaender points out in Anrieh ; in a document from the Bremen Urknndenbach (No. 131, rom years 1224) it says; the English king orders "cogam bra- chen de Amethis apnd Londonnm arreststamo free tu give. And one mOcfate nm rather the Amnthon of this coin for Emden, as well as “in Hermann za at the time where they were formed is, 1040 to 1050, can be proven. The Oral T(m BaTenAei^ From ancient times there were several people in Emden, lo dasa ^ there- gen chiefs, the Ahdena, originally their Drosten or praefecti were. And the mint in Emden has the apSter On^n Ton RaTCnsberg safe, EOnig Heiuricli VII. ver- li^ 1224 several Qerecfataame, danmter monetam in Eme- then Sophia Giilfin von Raveiuberg >j . That's the old one The reign of these counts in Emden is proven, BO Is it very possible, even probable, that this is the salvation of the Mthurecfat in the 18th century ao a countess of lütvens- berg was only the Emenerong of an older Pririle^umg. And The name Hermann recurs frequently in this family Föne's Westphalian Gescti)real&.-there was tm*- Gfaftu H«r^ man from RaTensbe^ in the Jidiren 1020 to IVA. The ante, na

1) VettnUtehw TTAndmlnnih m. H. 188.

I

20 J* Friedlaender,

Drebber in the county of Diepholz, lived from 1020 to 1051, that is in the same era to which this coin belongs, since it with 7 denarii from the years 1040-1054 znsafaimen found has been. But of course it is not known whether in this Finds may have been other coins, and so it remains still questionable whether the Hermann of this coin was Hermann I. from Ravensberg.

Brookmerland.

The coins of the two Ocko ten Brook, namely the secondly, according to the number of specimens that have come to us plare was minted in large quantities; they had one too Proper name: Ockengroet, and were given to the Münstersche Gro- calculated the same (y. Bichthofen Frisian sources, BerUn 1848, p. 314, § 19.)

A coin from Eeno that differs slightly from the one published large (24 million), and has on the KS. MORGTA DQ (B) ROQR. • . ; after the last word there were extinguished ones Letters that I don't know how to complete.

Norderland.

The incomprehensible letters QRI and AV9 at the end d^r have atifi writings on both sides of the Floren by Udo Ukena, As stated above, it was probably only used to fill trees. Aehn- Several examples can be found on German coins from this period; waA sdbst on a coin from Jever (Merzdorf, the coins Jwerhmdi p. 24, no. 3) we find MOTiaTA : 09 : laVR : IhG, The last three letters probably mean lb€SVS. I thought of CRI stus and AV8 Maria. Mr Hooft van Iddekinge thinks that you can perhaps combine these letters on both sides pull together and read AV9QRI Aueric Aurich. off alone see that QRI on the front, AV9 on the The downside is that you would have to read QRIAV9, and

Addendum to the coins of the East German chieftains. 21

seen from the fact that, if the syllables were given, AVaORI, and not AVaRIQ, stands, it would probably be without precedent, that a city name is distributed on both sides of a coin stands.

It wouldn't be impossible at all. Drive to Udo Ukena'd To find coins, because according to Emmins pp. 318 and 319 Focko Ukena secured the ranks and put his son Udo in charge Castle. And in a document from the 19th of April 1430, Udo mentions hovetling to the north nnde Awreke. But if Aurich Where Udo's coins could stand, one would probably be think, in the cut up QRI and AV9 this na- to recognize men.

As I pointed out, we are missing coins from that most powerful of all chiefs Focko Ukena. Mr Hooft van Id dekinge would like to fill this striking gap, presumably then, the rare Tumos pennies with Moneta Fivelgo are from imprinted on him because he had possessions there and his last ones years lived. Just if you give him these coins too wanted to share - they seem to be older - so it would remain the same mer still unexplained that he did not mint under his name would have 9 while his contemporaries, including his father Uko nnd his son Udo, put their names on coins.

Let's hope that Focko's coins are still out of the Sehoosse to come into the light of the earth; may people in East Frisia be waohtn, that not coin finds, as is unfortunately so often the case in Dentsi^land. pushes, out of foolish mistrust in the melting pot yerBcbwia- den, to the detriment of science and not mtnder am Disadvantage of the owners, who pay enormous amounts for the metal value, which often has ten or even a hundred times the value.

It remains doubtful whether the following coin is East FrieMeh.

AI 18 million fMOneTn nOVR (R?). in the field

Double-headed eagle, which nests in a small has a six-pointed star in one circle.

Sf. QRVX : DTll : Oei : TIRI : divided doieh eio bb to den Baad LeiduAdw Kreaz, in whose corners O H D O Eietrt. XMe Hanse is a Na^ahmong of the GraBingw at T«n dw Ch^s Tftfel XIX No. 20 illustrated. Unfortunately the wicfatigato leaable according to the Aa&chrift; on the R is Beir Booft na IddAinge dwH TSR TlOR za ergttnsen be niBc^-, but Mlbit this R is doubtful. The star is located za north utd the Idzinga family, but not the double-headed eagle, "wrieher than" copied without any special reference to the Groninger Mttnse wXn. Due to the uncertainty of this reading, the question must be be met until a better copy answers it.

Xormerland.

This island is located in Ostfrieslaod. The Lesing UKE DOMICelIVS O is clear, even if the original kebrt is written. The K has a form similar to the R also on coins of Eeno, where there is no doubt about the meaning this is literally possible.

Since there are TornosgroBchen from Jever and Oldet^org, ao kfianeo don't contact these guys in East Frisia, and here The title DcHaicellas, which is otherwise very aelteo, indicates aadi here comes more often.

Uko was the father of Focko Ukena, chief in Edra- moor (now Neermoor), as is believed.

This is what the eldest Häptliiigs-Hlliae would now want if she told him really heard. From the Uko, Focko't son, she can according to old guys, don't be so; the Hunzen, woe hey Udo, Focko's another son plowed away women through chaos.

Ntchtrif ZD den MOdisd der oitfriatiicliaii Binptling«. 23-

Belderland.

Also the knowledge of a new Prtlgsßltte in East Frisia, Weener, we have Mr Hooft van Iddekinge to thank. missing also on the only known copy to date, which is Qra.' ^ Dr. Grote, who asked for permission to publish, some important letters of the place name, the Zn seems to be partly correct, although by no means guaranteed.

The letterhead is badly embossed [the R in moneta is doubled] and uQvoUkonuDcn preserved, but it is certainly East Frisian, as you can see. The W in the shield and . . nera leads on Wee- ner, whose Latin name is Wenera, and has been since At the end of the 13th century one of the seven East Frisian props stone was. Onnke, Onneke is a not uncommon name Leidit au Unko could be Latinized. And if a provost Unko von Weener is not known, this cannot be the case. fall, so far, as E. Friedlaender informs me, one thinks upper actually just the names of two of Weener's provosts from the first one half of the 15th century.

The inscriptions therefore appear to have read as follows: + MOnETR-VnKOni5, in the Ereuzwinkels VHKO, waA on the downside PROSITI DE WEnERTC. Because it seems There is an R in front of the OSITI, but PROpOSITI would be one nusual abbreviation, otherwise it says FPOSITI. I again- get that the poor preservation of the manze the readings and therefore the conclusion is doubtful.

J. Friedlaender.

Coin Valdemar the Fourth, Duke of Jutland.

Recently when I was collecting reggests on the Danish When I was checking some documents, it suddenly dawned on me clear that a coin which appears in the Devegge (Thomsen) catalog Plate IV. No. 519 is shown, has so far been explained incorrectly and perhaps distributed in a more satisfactory manner could. The coin, the illustration of which I repeat here, is from very bad billon or almost of copper, and belongs to the eye- apparently belonging to the class of silent coins which during the feuds were fought in the period 1290-1340 and through their miserable factory the character of these unfortunates Express time so well.

Mr. Thomsen mentions it in the Devegge catalog p. 229 following description:

»l*DVX between the legs of a large cross. Bf, A figure formed from four angles within one Circle, around the same point (very rare)."

In the note it says:

»Most people believe that this strange coin came from John IV (should be called III, as history shows)

S. A. Bergsöö, coin Waldemar the fourth, Duke of lüüand. 25

t 1359, the biological brother EOnig Ghristoph's 11th, who since 1326 Lord of Falster and Lolland and pawn for the most part from Zealand and Scania (Skane) was defeated. According to another opinion, it belongs to the powerful count Jacob of Hailand (Sweden) f 1309.«

These grants to Johann HI. by Holstein and Jacob from Halland seem to collectors who only have the coin know, very acceptable at first. But those which the above personalities, Johann and Jakob, always with the titles: DßS lOhÄRneS C0M8S hOLSKTIG and DRS lÄCOBVS C0SB8S hÄLLÄROIQ in the documents more or those who have encountered it less frequently will find it impossible that they applied the title DVX to their coins. Man must therefore safely ignore these »comites« and look for a duke whose name begins with I and who at the time when those coins similar to our example were minted in any country belonging to Denmark or the area neighboring him prevailed.

At that time in Denmark only the royal princes received or the king's closest relatives the title of her- pulled^). So Abel, son of King Waldemar n., who has been under since 1232 the title “Duke” means the land between Kongeaa (Königsau) and Eider, which was later called »Schleswiga, had as a fief. So you have to, if you want our coin according to your factory wants to award a Danish duke, among his successors like, which are listed on the following genealogical board, look for a duke whose name matches the initial I.

1) This is where it comes from: “och, diss the king 3 lions, the dukes 2 lions in the coat of arms.

26 S-A.. Bergs^d,

Waldemarll., King of Denmark, f. 1241.

Abel, founder of the Herzogtham Schleswig 1^32, later K. ▼. I Denmark f 1252.

Wftldemar UI. Eric

H. ▼. Schi, t 1257. H. ▼. Schi, f 1272.

.2

CO

►

33

I

Waldemariy., co-guardian of the young K. Erich Menved t. Denmark nnd heart. V. Schi. 1 1312. / Erich II. f 1325.

Waldemar V. f 1364.

Heinrich f 1375, the last carcass of the man comes from AbeFs.

As you can see, among the coins similar to ours- early Danish dukes none^ whose name begins with I, a circumstance that apparently makes the solution to this question difficult, but in reality it makes things clearer and easier. You are This forces the letter I not to contain the initial personal name, but that of a corresponding country name to recognize.

Since ancient times, the area between Eon- geaa (Eönigsau) and Eider the names Jutia, Jutland (J^lland) enclosed, and that is also the name given in finds documents. Later the name Suder-jutia or Sönder- jylland and first Count Gerhard VI. It was from Holstein who Called himself Duke of Schleswig in 1386. The domestic The writing between the legs of the cross can be read: DVX I(utiae).

If you now look at the reverse of our coin with the top attention, you can see that the figure, which is made up of four “composed of angles” is only made up of two in one other intertwined V consists 2). So you have to get the coin a Waldemar from the line of Abel, Duke of Jutia

2) You read ^ ^ or if you want, ^ , since the form of this Bach The letters in this perlode are also often W.

Münie Waldemar of yiertea, Henop of litiand. 27

(=s Sddeswig) , raselHreibe». Type nmd style of the mttnze fatssen only the choice Ewiselien Watdenar lY. and Waldemar Y. Ick I declare myself firmly in favor of the Ersler.

After the KOmg Erich GHppfaig tos IMnemark in years After the “tarpissime a suis” was murdered in 1286, he was followed Son Erich M eored under Vonmindschall of his mother, the king nigin Agnes. She met with Duke Waldemar lY. regarding the Yormandsi^ft a good idea, partly on Fnreht, partly in the feeling of their dependence, the same, same powerful than sdilaa, always kn elevated an enemy of the K5n^ thnms was even openly the party of the regicides which the young king pursued as long as he lived.

It is known that these regicides are very powerful people and at times the Norwegians tried to sell counterfeit coins. towards Hesse '), both to enrich himself and to become the king to harm local coins. It is now very likely that The Duke also took part in this more prudent than honorable affair Operation partnabn and that is precisely why coins are minted by Hess, who didn't reveal his name too clearly.

In any case, the piece discussed here is as rare as it gets interesting, and num has if you join my destiny- ten, which, as new as it may be, is based on a correct one Interpretation of the legend, the types and the stories Overview, the three most essential components of every modern mismatic investigation, is based, a safe coin of one of the oldest dukes of Jutland. May happy discoveries confirm my hypothesis in the not too distant future or overturned, I hope that it receives a favorable assessment may be recommended.

Andigaad Randers [Denmark). S.A. BergsöX.

3) On the Intel Hielm, near Atrhuas, people believe in the fandoms in a castle the workshop that the Faltchmonzers discovered.

28 Eagen Merzbacher, comment from Torigen.

Based on some further communications from Mr. Bergsö^ I would like to add a short comment to the above. For the coin in question would, I believe, be... A more precise time determination can be derived from the following. On On March 13, 1286, King Erich Glipping issued a decree Duke Waldemar lY was murdered in the same year. that Mint law for Schleswig (or Jtttland). The exercise of this However, rights in other areas of Denmark were beneath him. says. The above coin can only be used if it is outside the Duchy was defeated, to be illegitimate. In the ruins the above-mentioned workshop on Hielm, which has been in existence since 1289 was in the possession of the insurgents (Dahlmann story by Denmark I. S. 424), several of our coins were found similar so-called civil war coins. Now if we If we are allowed to assume that it is of the same origin, then it can only after Waldemar IV's defection from Erich Menved (1293)*), nmss must in any case be minted before September 25th; because On this day, according to a contract between the king Erich Menved one and the royal murderers and their murder On the other hand, the strongholds of Hunehals (Hailand) and Hielm became the property of the King of Norway. The to A counterfeit coin site was built to damage the Danish crown Hielm has probably stopped its activities since then. have provided. The period for the minting of the Walde coin Mars IV would therefore be significantly limited.

Dr. Eugen Merzbacher.

4) S. Dahlm&nn I. P. 425. — The author, it seems, agrees those who Waldemar IV al. were complicit in the de-north of Erich Glip. look at pings. I doubt whether, after the energetic rejection of Dahl, man is entitled to this opinion.

Amisus under the name Samlsos and Samisoe.

The AiuBlie'BcfaeD monze shown here under No. 2 Sestini ') ^described this in Conetantiaople; the her- possibly from the coast of the black army, the Pontic types and the letters A<^, which he read backwards, Teranlaasten him, they gave to Fharnacia, Samisoes he took for one Official names. Mionnet followed him^).

Later Sanclemente mentioned without Sestini's description. nen, because he doesn't quote it, the same coin "ans der Millingen" - Bchen Collection" published under Phaselis*), and Mionnet again- got you too*].

Finally Sestini is once again tenderly fond of this coin. come, he says ']: the Ains that he once made known

i) D«icilpilo 8. 2»T, in 1796. 2] Suppl. IV. 464. 303.

3) NamiimtU aeUcu Th. 1 p. 301, in 1808.

4) Suppl. Vll. 20. 81. Q) HDMom HedemrUDnm Tb. U p. 17, in 1828.

dtel Beichrelbangsn based on UngaoiDlskeiteo , which Settlni telbU if >ncb »two overlcbtlct- D** ^A keepers erit adoration, he varbeMer do “4A Ntrogtide”. Wh «r “Tbn*»* >Blt Tunien" nenot, i*ildeht efo

30 y-

lie'scfae specimen 8ei «piter in Mfllmgais Bcsiti. mlso identical to the tone Sanclemente. it is located now flee in the Milan collection, nnd Mr. Dinelor Bion- Delli sent the drawing of the Mttane at my request, I would like to offer him my best thanks here.

The divisions according to Hiamacia and Phaselia sdueneii me always as unlikely as the other sound Sanelemoile dead- defeated in Phanagoria and Hiams. Samisoea wbre a nGreek name. Maybe the RSthsel is like this -an lOaen: Amisos was also called Samisos; like some others Words beginning with a vowel were preceded by a sigma. used: Egesta and Segesta also change. The proof for Hamisos gives the coin shown under No. 1, which he takes with him Fox's collection came to the E. Coin Cabinet; She consecrates the well-known and ordinary ones with AMIZOY only through the Anüaugs sigmoid colon. Leake knew her^), and says correctly that Samiso's form appears to be a q^tere m; as you can see from the modern name Samsün yennu&en laanü, have ^ also given a form Safnaavg Safiiaovy%og^. The Mnr\zer^ do not confirm this and only in Byzantine times sig top *Afiiyaovv is written once^;, otherwise it was called- once jifuvahg^ ., now Samsto.-*;.

The Milanese dance with ZAMIZOHZ also belongs to Amieos, for their types, ßaechnskopf and quiver (or thyrsus) come

Kf>h^.j with win«»m Randftlier. On the identity of the coin described Ut not 7.n between two if in, tn is a trnicnm.

1 ) Nnmiimnu Helleni«», A»i4tic Greece 8. 10. For the change ron jt and Ute brings^ fst hU Re1««piel hxkth Axo« in Creta “which tnch Saxos hiesa^; aUein 41«4 Mt irrijf, CAEinN is not 2alimv but /«l/ow.

2) pAnAf^ti r;hr/>n1<»/>n Tr*peziintiniim p. 367, line 77, in EnsUthii metiepoUue l\*m^tAn9^Mm^% (ypnw.xi\% beransf. von Tafel, Frankfurt am Main, 1832.

^) Several times b*d Onstontfn Porphyrogenitus de thematibns. 4) B^amii l#t that sf« were also called Peiraievs great, the Münmn hsben MVfft tmmer only flElPA, aiieh 4a where there was room for even more Bnohttob^.

Amisos under the name Samisos and Stmisoe. 31

exactly the same with the inscription AMIZOY, see Gombe Museum Britannicum Plate Vin 26.

The form ZAMIZOHZ is freeUeh not explainedUoh. TTV+OEM and ZEAINOEZ on old silver coins, fobr Jlv^osig and 2ekiv6€ig, you can't bring it in because $017 for oeig seems impossible in the late period of this copper coin. Nor would one assume that Safoco^g was an atticisie- render nominative pluralis ftlr 2a^iao£ig. Because the name the inhabitants were calledBB^fiujtjvdg as the coins show, and an- probably also ^filaiog. It would also be quite unusual for that on the coin the name of the inhabitants in the nominative plural stands. The autonomous coins always have the genitive des city name: AMIZOY^), so you also want to stay in ZAMI- ZOH2E the genitive of Safiiaot], although these Form cannot be proven.

Accordingly, the coin would be at Phamacia and Phaseiis, and the officials -name 2aiiia6r]g in Mionnet's list and in the paper- To delete Benseler's lexicon.

1) If it says “of spiteren MOnzen AMICOC”, it refers to “nf the German- posed figure.

J. Friedlaender.

Roman denarius treasures.

I. The Denarius Treasure of La Blccia.

In la Biccia, a town southeast of Gampobasso on the Border of the districts of Molise and Benevento, has in winter A treasure of Roman silver coins was found in 1873, it seems entirely to Mr. Pellegrino F§.nelli. is coming. Through him Garrucci received the record of the Varieties with information on the number of specimens and the status of the preservation, and has the same in the last issue of the Florentine periodico di numismatica e sfragistica 1873 p. 285 fg. in thanks- published in greater detail. According to this announcement the treasure contained 3005 denarii and 150 yictoriati, while Quinars are completely missing. It is the first time that the independent denarius and the independent Victoriatus mixed find ^) ; but this is also the first treasure of the time belongs to where the Victoriatus still exists as an independent unit Denarius stood by. Because in fact the new treasure is in this respect it is of the only importance that he has of all of them so far known is by far the oldest and the one so far the leaders of Gazlona and Oliva at about thirty years before.

1) First of all, the Victoriatus is not a part of the Roman denarius, but the Illyrian drachma minted on the base of 3/4 denarius in Rome; and so it still existed at least in 637, the year before which, as we shall see, the Treasure Yon la Riccia is buried. Soon after he is in the Quinar Coinage replaced and the pieces that remained in circulation were probably on quinar- worth devalued (R. M. W. p. 399; French translation 2, 101); why in the later treasures from Carrara, Roncofreddo and Liria among the Quinari also encounter individual old VictorUti (R. M. W. p. 480; French trans. 2, 225).

/^

Th. Mommsen, ROmlsobe Denarius Treasures.

First period.

Blacts 1). Number of copies.

2 Dioskren without coat of arms. 88 (weigh between schen 4.77 n. 3,462 gr.) 1 (weighs 4.103

Gr.)

33

Likewise; Inscription incns (cf. K.M.W.S.479) .

Likewise ; with coat of arms:

Ear 1

Ear without hair. . 5

Anchor 1

Branch with knots... 4

Blnme 10

Caduceus 1

Dolphin 2

Trident 1

Owl 1

FUEGE 3

Cornucopia 3

Crescent 11

Insect 1

Club 1

Ball 1

Pentagon 2

wheel; with serrated edge 1 (weighs 4,975)

Forepart of the ship... 12

Rudder .... 3

indeterminate animal. 4

Yietoriatns; without coat of arms 121 (weigh between schen 3,616 u.

suspected or very dirty.

something wrong uses.

very dirty.

vne new. very dirty.

very dirty.

2,757.)

1) These numbers refer to the chronological list of the Mflnxen Roman RepahUk, as it appears in the French translation of my Roman Mflnxwesens 2, 214 fg. The list is drawn up by Duke Ton Blacas the German edition by me in the Annali delV Instituto 1863 especially after the Spanish denarius coins that have now become known is replaced and this Italian treatise is not available to numismatists will be as accessible as the frantMl^e bear- processing.

Ztitsekrift f. Nuüi«. U. 3

Tb. MomiDsan,

it(. ZaU der EiempUri

VictoriatOB with coat of arms:

Branch with knots... 6

Fly or butterfly 3

Bell 1

Crescent 3

Lance tip....2

(')

indefinable animal,

maybe pig

Diana in the Biga (Cohen

43.8)

Victoriatns with T '} ,

with T VictorlatuB with \B . .

Ow

Author

Tamp

Me

Pure... - L.H.PI. . Death... Mat... M.P. (Victor.) Cn. Calp Cn. Thu. . Valley... Ma. . . P.Mae... Gr. . . . Var. . . . L. CoÜ. . . C. luni C. f. . C.Scr. . . .

4 Vict. 2

Behr Temntzt.

very useful. rematts. rematzf. like no. very messed up.- little bit. very remntzt. very rematt. very useful. very rematt. very upset, very messed up. Terantst.* little rem. very topical. little vem. very rematt. you rematzt. rematts. little rem.

1) Bak Qutnccl stands: cUlorioK eoUa Ullera T 1: eolla UUtra T 1: tK$to T 1. Here you can get a DrocUahlet goal.

Roman DeiursehiUe.

35

Blacas. Number of copies.

59 Victoria in the Biga >) . 94? from different

Conservation.

60 Nat 33 suspected.

61 C. Taln 9 suspected.

62 p. Afra 39 suspected.

63 Sar 24 suspected.

64 Pure 20 . very dirty.

65 Fktus 35 suspected.

66 A. Spurt 17 little vem.

67 P. Sula 54 suspected.

68 C. Maiani 47 little vem.

69 L. Drink 69 little vem.

70 Natta 38 suspected.

71 Q. Marc, Libo .... 35 very dirty.

72 M. AtäiSaran. . . . 30 (25 Cohen n. 2; suspected.

5 Cohen n. 1.}

73 L. Semp, Pitio .... 35 little vem.

74 C. Antesti 66 (55 Cohen n. 1 ; suspected.

11 Cohen n. 2.)

75 C. Ter. Luc 26 little vem.

76 L, cup 47 worn.

77 Cn. Lucr. Trio. . .121 little vem.

78 M. luni 66 suspected.

79 P. Paetus 43 suspected.

For this period the treasure does not teach anything essentially new. All common denarii and a large part of the rare denarii and Victoriati, which belong to the first period, are in the treasure represented; it's just that all of them are more or less missing

1) Regarding the Bigati without surnames and Garmccia information is confused. Ea gives their, as is well known, different tone to those with the Hirschbiga (Cohen 43, 10; Blaeaa 94), iwei, theiU Utere mU of Diana (Cohen 43, 8; Ricdo 71, 2; Blaeaa 7), the younger one with the winged Victoria (Cohen 43, 11; Biedo 71, 4; Blaeaa 59); Oamiod, however, mentions three, namely p. 288: Denari eon Diana in higa di eavalli (Blaeoi 7) — 6 a»$ai u$aU; also p. 289: denart eoUa Vütoria in higa (Blaea§ 69) — 6 a$9ai tuati; finally p. 291: denari eon Cupid in higa (Blaau 94; Riecio 71, i; — 96 (U eonatrvaiione diver$a. Probably borrowed iat the duck statement correctly, the second in deletion and in the third fftr Cnpido the Victoria ond for Blaeaa 94 to set Blaeaa 69.

3»

36^-Mommtaii,

rare names 6. 9. 10. 14. 16. 18. 23. 33. 34. 35. 36. 38. 41. 46. 50. More definite than in other treasures Here it is clear that the older masters of the trade are much less quantity than the later ones, and that the The rarity of a variety is not considered a criterion for high age. can be seen (because even in later times it is more common It happened that individual coin masters only produced a few pieces beat Hesse), but the frequency of the variety is the opposite as a criterion for a relatively late coinage.

From the good preservation of a single copy of the SchlüSBe to do so is highly questionable; like in our treasure two undoubtedly primitive denarii, the Ser- Ratns with the bike and the denarius N. 24 with Ma like new found, while the four Yictoriates belonging to the latter were worn out. Conversely, the conclusion from the ver- Use of even a single piece is permissible, and where a larger number of specimens are evenly contaminated or appear evenly fresh, this is certainly true for its age crucial. Unfortunately the state of preservation is the same as the new one Treasure was not collected with sufficient care, so in Great caution must be exercised in this regard. The owner has Garrucci is not allowed to view the treasure himself and "I am unbiased about the preservation of the individual varieties." but only general information was given, while it certainly was required, as was the excellent sable for the treasure Oliva has done, the state of preservation is not for the variety, but rather for the individual specimen. — How However, as the matter stands now, it is likely that the They exist in numerous copies and as few used denarii

52 G. Scr 66 A. Spurt 68C Maiani

BömiMlie

$7

69 i. Drink

73 L. Sem. Pitio

75 C. Ter. Luc

11 Cn. Lucr. Trio

are the youngest of the first period, while on the other hand the

previously assigned to the second fbnf:

91 C. C^r 44

92 M. Aureli Cota...6 m Cn.Gel 39 (38 with gel,

1 with oil\

100 C. Rem 94

103 Au, Huf 9

apparently will have to move higher. However

It will be advisable to first wait and see whether

It is probably now possible to carry out a more precise survey of the increase

The status of the coins found at la Riccia gives us one

will provide a firmer foundation than we currently possess.

suspected. suspected. suspected.

suspected. very dirty

Second period.

Blacas.

.91

92

L93

94

C, Cur. . . Jf. Aureli Cota. Cfi, Gel. Diana in the Hirschbiga

Number of copies.

probably belong to the 1st. period on. 1

96

97

98

99

[100

102

[103

109

110

111

L, Atüi Nom, M. Up, bus C. Titini. . . C. Vol. C. f. Flac.

21 or 22 1 (weight like new. together. 92,376, highest 4,773, lowest. 3,952).

1 fresh from the stamp.

2 like new.

6 little vem.

40 little vem.

C. Rem. . probably belongs to the 1st period.] M. Baebi Q. /. Tampal 170 like new.

Ow, shout, . . probably belongs to the 1st period.]

C, Aug 24 little vern.

Sex Po, Foaüue ... 91 little vem.

2V. Vet 60 little vem.

^Itv

K

Th. Mommsen,

Third period.

BUoi

7,M of copies.

120

L. Trebani ....

20

little vem.

122

L. 3£muci . . .

39

little veru.

123

P.Caip

23

like new.

124

C. Serveili M. f.

52

little vem.

125

C. Aburi Gem. .

28

like new.

126

M. Aburi M. f. Gem.

64

like new.

127

P. Mae. Ans. . .

63

like new.

129

L. Antes. Grog.

. 162

little vem.

130

M. Acüius M.f.

25

like new.

131

Q. Mete....

41

little vem.

132

M. Varg

65

little vem.

133

Cn. Cathedral.

62

like new.

134

M. Marc. . .

69

little vem.

135

JL m V&* •••«••

36

little vem.

136

Biga with Elephant Kopi

f44

like new.

137

Ti. Minud Cf.Augurim

i 46

little vem. , almost fresh from the stamp.

139

L. Post Alb, . .

28

like new.

140

L, Opeimi . .

36

like new.

141

M. Opetmi.

32

like new

142

Q. Püipus. . .

78

like new.

144

M. Metellus Q. /. .

36

like new.

146

C. Serveil. . .

1

like new.

150

C. Numitori.

1

like new.

The following will be included in the list at a later date Four denarii allocated to the period:

157 159 180 183

C. Casai. . Sex, luli caisar N. Fabi Pictor T, Clouli. ,

68 7 7

50

like new.

like new.

like new.

like new.

Regarding the three denarii N. 157, 159, 183, in- that is not my, or rather Zobel's, appointments by him

Romisee dentrschatze. 39

new treasure corrected, but that of the Duke of Blacas. I had all three, according to Zobel's observations, the third th period assigned; only because of factual difficulties she moved Blacas to the fourth, and, as it now appears, . with injustice. It is particularly important that in the treasure only the denarius of T. Cloulius appears, but not even though the Treasure contains numerous Victoriati, which is equal to the denarius very mean Quinar. This makes it certain what I because of the divergence in the age criteria of denarius and Quinar had previously suspected that both of them had names of the same name, but not at the same time coin master. Our darling is, as I said (p. 32), buried in a time when the original Quinar lost and the later the Victoriatus repressive had not yet arisen. — The denarius of N. Fabius Pictor (N. 180) is so far mainly for this reason fourth period was assigned because otherwise only against coin letters appearing at the end of the fourth period appear to him. We now see that this is the case as with the absence of the value mark on that of the third Period denarius of T. Cloulius N. 183, during this otherwise maintains its place until towards the end of the fourth. Both age criteria are occasionally apparent beforehand. From The other finds represent the advancement of the Denais of Pictor it's not just nothing in the way, but the appearance of this rare denarius in the small, but probably very Roncarolo's old treasure steps in confirmingly while his It is missing from the other older finds due to its rarity can be explained.

On the other hand, those from the second and third periods were missing pieces assigned so far, apart from the three highest rare N. 121 (Jupiter in the Quadriga), N. 148 [Cn, Comel. L. f, Sisena) and N. 149 [A, Matdi Q. /. Ser,) the following either common or at least present in such numbers,

k,^

=^

•^*

40 ^^* Momnuen,

the absence of this in a rich treasure is not appropriate can be traced back to their rarity ^j .

95

L. luli

rare

101

C.Cur. /.,• Trig.

rare

104

M. Carlo or Carb.

105

C. Fluti

106

C. Cato

107

Q. Mimes. Call.

108

M. Fan. C. f.

119

M. Tum

128

M. Pore. Laeca

138

M. AciKBalbu»

rare

143

C. Metellus

rare

145

Q. Max.

rare

147

Q. Fabi Ldbeo

The second and third period divorce in my list is essentially based on the state of preservation, as is the case knowledgeable and careful Zobel confirmed the treasure of Oliya has. If from the pieces of the newly found far consider- The degree of preservation of the treasure is the same with the same care will be raised, then one will have good reason for it to give preference; However, the general information of a numerical layman, whether the variety is “not very old” or “like new”. should be taken with caution. That they do, by the way largely agree with Zobel's observations, shows list given above; in particular the denarii, which Zobel because of their peculiar factory^ especially the flat and ugly Roma head, in the second half of the third class assigned the place where Riccia's treasure was to be found. neither freshly canceled nor found at all. These are after Zobel the numbers 140, 141, 159, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146

1) In the list of missing denarii given to yoii Qarracci The Mummem 95 and i21 are not marked, probably by accident.

Roman denarius coins. 41

BlaDM, denea Bieli less determined 147. 119. 120. 122. 123. 139 aDclose.

Far safer than the ever-shaky Erbaltongssland of coins is due to the absence of the common types. It's the main prize we get from the new treasure, that at least the coins N. 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 119. 128. 147 can henceforth be referred to with certainty as beaten after its grave; and also from the rarer ones N. 95. 101. 138. 143. 145 the same time limit will be a little- at least probably. The same further confirms the younger one I attributed all of them to the fourth grade. benen denarii with the sole exception of that of N. Fabius Pictor.

But it is very difficult the era of burial to determine the treasure absolutely. That the treasures of Fiesole and Gingoli ^j were buried between 665 and 666 solid ; and ours is obviously considerably older, since between whose burial and the year 665 both those listed above Denarii of the third class as well as all of the fourth (155 - 182), including the one according to certain testimonies J. 650 struck by G. Pulcher (N. 176j, finally all the fifth class (No. 183-216). But at the coinage of this era and that of the Roman period Family-related homonymy is almost completely absent Clues for absolute time determination. It doesn't help much that a man with the same name as the mint master is historical is proven; for it is not only possible,* but probably that the same also had a father of the same name or uncle and a son or nephew of the same name will have. The identification of the mint master according to the

1) The date of Cingolf's treasure differs from the previous one is 8. 55 fg. justified.

42 ^h* Mommsen,

A mere name can therefore usually only be used with some Security be attempted where the approximate age of the coin has already been determined and thus the generation is given to which the Mttnzmeister must have listened to it. Allusions to historical Events would lead more safely ; but the character of the older ones Denarii still shows such representations sparingly and the new one In this respect, Fund takes more than it gives. So far has it was considered certain that those on the denarius of L. Gassins (N. 157] urn shown behind the soma head look at the famous Vestal trial of J. 641, in which L. Cassius Consul presided in 627; what's so true- appeared more apparent than on a later denarius of the same Gender (N. 284) has the same urn next to the voting board A{b8olvo) C(ondemno) and the curulian chair, i.e. the Badge of the highest judicial office appears. Based in fact Garrucci's attempt to interpret this by me to eliminate that he put the urn on the cassis law of 617 on the introduction of written voting in the people's courts refer to mere ignorance of the ancient tradition. coming; because as I did this at the time^) and as it is well known ^) , for the voting The voice box [cista] is always used in the comitia. The passages cited by Garrucci refer to this not on the casting of the votes, but on the lottery the prevoting ^j each time or the one for the Latins

1) R. M. W. P. 636, French. trans. 2, 504.

2) Marquardt Handb. 2, 3, 102.

3) Asconius p. 70: dum siteUa deftrtur, dum aequaniur iortesi LWius 2Ö, 8, 16: sitellaque lata est, ubi Latini auffragium ferrent. That also in Plutarch Tl. Gracch. 11 : ^QTida&rjattv vno twv 7iXova(o)v nl v^Qiai nothing else meant The solution to the praerogatives with which the voting act begins is Eeleven^ the parallel passage Cicero de n. d. 1, 38, 106: TL Gracchum , . . de M. Oeiavio defertntem aiteUam, whereby the plural, erroneously placed by Plutarch, also reports will be affected.

Roman surface Deiur cli&tze. 43

TO determine tribe ^) , whereby, as with every drawing of lots, the urn was used; in secret voting In the Gomitia the tablets are never thrown into an urn been. — However, it must be admitted that the relationship of the urn depicted on the denarius N. 157 the Vestal Trial of 641 was rendered obsolete by the new treasure has become, since it does not concern the whole mass of the until he was buried, until he was defeated in the Confederate War to compress denarii into the short period of 641 - 665. The urn will be compared to the numerous other coats of arms and have to associate characters whose relationship we do not know. It's just like the Denarius N. 136, in which the shining Pietas and the elephant head by Borghesi in very were plausibly referred to Metellus Pius^ but where then, since he only adopted the latter nickname in 655, This interpretation was already apparent after the discovery of the Spanish treasures - had to be given. - This provides solid support for this Denarius N. 144, one of the youngest of our treasure, which no another from the well-known Meteller house may have been as M. Metellus Q. f., who was consul in 639; like the denarii of the third class earlier have generally been assigned to me between the years 620 and 640. So our treasure is safely under the Gracchi period Earth came; and the probable cause leaves probably still find each other. The Confederate War, the one

1) This difference of the titiUa (tUella, uma) from the eista is miraculous in his diticriatio de diserimine verborum eistae et sitellae (variae lectiones p. CLVIIl - CLX VII) have long been presented with complete evidence and then generally, for example, by Marquardt Handb. 2, 3, 105, 131. Oarruccl refers to Wunder's treatise without having read it; because otherwise he would have to know that he was making the exact opposite of his claim. presents and proves. Nor can Garrucci have read what I myself have read about the time determination of this denarius in the Annali 1863 p. 47 said; otherwise he would reject the self-contradictory claims he fought there. Don't attribute these things to me.

'T*

44 ^K^* Mommsen,

Generations later, the whole of Italy was set ablaze, it seemed to have broken out as early as 629; alone at that time it is nipped in the bud by the most important of the colorful of the same communities, the Latin colony Fregellae. suddenly attacked by the Romans, stormed and the earth was made the same ^) . We know little about the closer ones Circumstances of this event that marked the conquest of Capua horror far exceeds; but this much is clear that this was the first Italian civil war and that it was just It depended on coincidences if it remained localized. That in In neighboring Samnium, some people put their money in the ground barg, is credible enough; and they all fit the J. 629 Moments of newfound treasure. .

The treasure of la Riccia may still be there today. together. Would you like to tell the head of one of our mint companies? cabinets or a prudent collector succeed in doing so it must be acquired and defended against the abominable barbarism, through the dissolution of such a historical in itself Dociiments and dispersion of the individual pieces into the popular ones Cartons are the silent witnesses who have risen from the earth Destruction of Fregellae once again and disappear forever makes. Every museum should be honored to have one Treasures of this kind should be kept safe; and it There is no doubt that the same > if it comes from knowledgeable people men can be studied again and again, for the chrono- logical order, further important data can be obtained. can do that. Would these words find the right place before it's too late!

1) Asconiüs' in Pison. p. 17: noium est Ophnium in prattwra Fregeüas eepUse, quo facto vi8U8 est ceteros quoque nominis Latini soeios male animatos rtpressitse. My Rome. business 2», 104.

Roman Denanofaitze. 45

n« The Denarius Treasure TOn S. Miniato.

In 1748, at San Miniato al Tedesco in Tos- cana a treasure of 3479 Roman denarii and Qainars, ab- seen from a number of fragmented coins, from which 1045 fttr the Florentine, 135 fttr the Count's Elabinet Richecoort selected, the rest as Donbletten or used were returned. Zaccaria [storia letteraria I p. 289). the list of the Romans represented in this treasure families; but it wasn't just very incomplete, as can now be seen, but also in this state completely un- usable. Now Gamurrini has it in the Florentine archives Description of those 1180 selected pieces found and in the Periodico dt numismatica e afragistica des Marchese Strozzi (1873 p. 240 fg.) made known. The treasure falls, as the worthy editor rightly judges, is essential that of Carrara together, so that both are almost exactly the same must be buried early. The series known so far the larger denarius treasures that have become larger, the following arises: crowds: la Riccia — Cazlona — Oliva — Fiesole and Cingoli — Montecodruzzo — S. Miniato and Carrara — Frascaroli — Ronco freddo etc. ; Ours therefore comes in time seventh or eighth digit. It will not be superfluous to put together here what this treasure either confirms or newly created.

According to the Gamurrian lists, they consisted of: Treasure selected coins in the following denarii and Quinars, namely in the number indicated by the attached number showed number:

46 7^* Mommed,

BUcM. Number of copies.

2. 3 Dioscuri 24

5 Victoriati 15

7 or 94 Diana in the Biga....4

28 Death 1

39od. 133od. 167a Cn. Thu — Cn. Cathedral. —On, Thorn 4

49 L. Cou 2

51 C. luni C, f. 3

52 C. Scr 3

59 Victoria in the Biga....5

60 nat 3

62 p. jAfra, —

64 Put 4

65 FlauB 4

66 A. Saves 2

67 P. Sula 5

68 C. Maiani 1

69 L. Drink. 4

70 Natta 4

71 Q. Marc. Libo 4

72 M. Atili Saran 4

73 L. Sem. Pitio 5

74 C. Antesti 6

75 C. Ter. Luc 4

76 L. Cup 6

77 Cn. Lucr. Trio 4

78 M. luni 3

79 P. Paetus 4

91 or 101 C. Cur. [f.] Trige .... 4

93 Cn. Valid 1

94 8. 7

9b L. luli 3

96 L. Atili 1

99 C. Val. C. f. Flaccus , . .__ b

100 C Reni .5

101 p. 91

102 M. Baebi Q. f. Tampil ... 4

103 Au. Call. 1

Römisohe DeDtnch&tze.

47

— C. Serveü

Bkcas.

04 M. Carbo — Carb.

05 C. Pluti . .

06 C. Cato. .

07 Q. Minu. Call.

08 M. Fan. C. /.

09 C. Aug. . .

10 sex. Po. Fostlus

11 TVs. Vet. . .

19 M, Tulli. .

20 L. Trebani. 22 L. Minuc.

124 or 146 C. Servern M. f,

25 C. Aburi Oem.

26 yrs. Aburi Oem.

27 P. Jfo^. Ans. .

28 eleven. Pore. Laeca

29 L. Antea. Grog.

30 3f. ^cf/n« 3f. /.

31 Q. 3f

32 M. Varg. . .

33 8. 39.

34 M. Marc. . .

or X . v/. • • • .

36 Biga with elephant head

37 Ti. Mmuci C. f. Augurmi

38 sts. Aeäi Balbtu

39 L. Pott. Mb. .

40 L. Opeüni . .

41 M. Opeimi. .

42 Q. PUiptu . .

43 C. Metellu» . .

44 M. Meteüm Q. f.

45 Q. J[f

46 8. 124

47 Q. Fabi Labeo.

55 J[f '. Aemäio Lep.

56 L. Phüippu

Number your copies. 4+4

3 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 2 3 9 4 4 1 4 4 3 2 4

4 4 3 3 3 2 5 3 3 2 4 2

4 4 3

48

Th. Mommien,

Blacas. Number of copies.

57 a Caasi 6

59 sex, luli caiaar 4

60 P. Nerva'. 3

61 M. CipiM, f. 1

62 Q, Lutati Cerco 4

63 Cn, Blasio Cn. f, 7

64 C. Font 7

66 M, Calid., Q. Metel, Cn, Foh 8 + 2

(or changed) 67a 8. 39.

67b M. Sita., Q. Curt 9+4

68 M. Sergrt Silus 4

69L, Torqua 4

70 L, Ltc.y Cn,.Dom. besides the corresponding sub-officials 1+1+1+2+2

71 M\ Aquil 4

72 P. Laeca 2

73L, Flamini Cilo 4

74 L. Valeri Flacci 4

75 L. Memmi 4

76 C. Pulcher 6

77 M\ Fontei 1

78 L. Caesi 1

81 seated Roma 5

82 M. Fouri Ph[i)K 5

83 T, Clouli 6 Den., 20 Quin.

84 C, Egnatulei C. f. .... 4 Quin.

85 P. Sabin 15

87 L, Scip, Asiag .23

88 L. Thorius Baibus 45

89 C. Alli Bala 9

90 L, Saturn — L. Sat, . . . 33+1

91 L. Metel, A.Albi. S.f,,C,Mall,

(or individually). . . . 6 + 2 + 3

92 Piso, Caepio 5

93 L, Cassi Caeician 8

94 Ap, Cl. , T. Times (or vice versa) 5 + 3

RdmisalM Dtaaneliitze.

49

BUcas.

195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 226 227

228 229 230 233 234 235 236 237 238

239

240

ZfitMkrifl f.

number of

C. Coä, Cald — Cald. C. Fundan. . M. Herenni. . L. luli .... i. luli L. /. Caesar Q, Therm. M.f. . L. Pampan. Molo M. Servers C. f. . M. Cato .... L.Cot.... C Sulpici C. f. Lent. Mar. f.

C. Fabi C. f. . . M. Lucili Ruf. L. Senti C. f. . . P. Servili M. f. Rulli L. Piso Frugi. .

D. Süanus L. f. Q. Titi.... L. Tituri Sabin C. Vibius C. f. Pansa L. C. Memies L. f. Gal. L. Censorin., P. Crepust, C. lA- meta (or nmstellod yereinzel)

L. Rubri Bossen

Cn. Lentul

C. Censori

M\ Fontei C. f.

L. luli Bursio

M. Fan., L. Crit

Q. Anto. Balb

C. Val. Flac. imperative. . . . C. Anni T.f. T. »., L. Fahi L.

f.Hisp

Oar. Ocul. Ver. (or reversed

or without a copy of the document). C. lAcinius L.f. Macer. . .

Nvmitiii. II.

Kx specimens.

1+15

4 Den. 1 quin. 13

3

3

6

3

2

3 Den., 3 Quin.'

5

3

5

8

4

3

7

75den.,12qvm. 60

8 den., 4 quin. 42 den., 16 quin. 16 26

52 + 3 + 5 + 3

9Den.y 4 Quin.

4 den., 5 quin. 22

6 45

2 22

3

1

1 + 1 + 2 + 12 3

4

50 1^^- MoMmMn,

BlacAS. Number of copies.

241 C. Norbanus 6

242 P, Fouriua Crassipes....4

248 Q, C.M.P.i 1

249e. Mari C. /. Captain 3

250 A, Post. A. f. S. n. Albin, . 3

The following denarii are not sufficiently authenticated:

255 C. Poblici Q. /. is missing from the directories

selected pieces; appears only in the first of S. Miniato received superficial Note.

256 L. Procili f. in the list without pieces

number added later. 278 Elephas) [sacra instrumenta 1. Although the recording font is not specified, this can only be the Mtlnze Cae- sars N. 278. 290 P. Fonteius P. f. Capito III vir in the directory later added.

M, Cato per pr 1 quin.

C Considi Paeti 1

There is nothing wrong with the first two coins, as that they are missing from the main directory or are at least original were missing; if they belonged to the treasure everywhere, then They were only represented in isolated copies. be being. Gregen the last four speaks about their otherwise standing and with the safe coins of the treasure of S. Mi- The timing cannot be reconciled at all. mung. On the fourth, the outer grand mentioned above occurs added, in the fifth the obvious confusion diesM Quinars with the similar N. 203. — Finally come to that two coins whose description is incomprehensible: caput har- batum) (CM homo midus hastatus [?] and figura ignota in biga

RomUdto DMwnck&tze. 51

current; and 21 embossed only on one side, on the other side incuse denarii.

Of the denarii^ which according to my list before the Burial of the treasures of Carrara and San Miniato are and which have not been found in the latter, are most (N. 20. 22-24. 26. 27. 31-38. 40-42. 46-48. 50. 92. 97. 98. 121. 123. 148. 149. 150. 158. 165. 179. 180. 246. 247) more or less rare^ so that their absence in The last-mentioned treasure is sufficiently explained by this alone. The following are missing from frequently encountered denarii:

#

61 C. Tain. 63 Sar. 186 7Y. Q 205 L, Memmi Gal. 232a L, SuUa imp.; L, Manli proq, 232 b L. Stdla imp, iterum; A, Manli A. f, q,

However, the first two denarii are already in the oldest Treasure we know^ that of Cazlona^ the third and fourth

although in this nothing well but in the treasures of Oliva,

*

Fiesole, Cingoli and Montecodruzzo appear, so you can Missing in the report by S. Miniato is only by mistake reimbursement or can be attributed to the game of chance; That is at least partly not improbable, since the Inscriptions on the first three denarii are easily overlooked and the fourth could easily be confused with N. 226. — The Sullan denarii, although struck between 666 and 672, also have treasures buried in the Sidians after 672 Montecodruzzo and CSarrara missing; the oldest Italian ones Treasures in which they appeared are up to now those from Palestrina (see below), Frascarolo and Boncofreddo the years 680-*682. You may have to go to the east first

4*

52 Th. Mommsen,

Sallas's departure from there will be beaten and slowly her way found their way to Italy.

Accordingly, if one, however cheaply, of the same tens and therefore, due to their absence, no conclusion can be drawn about them Apart from stamps valid for the minting period, the treasure of San Miniato as completely contemporaneous with that of Carrara. The latter is known to be a little younger than that of Montecodruzzo: before This is what he has - apart from his rarity Denarius N. 247 with the cornucopia is not considered and ex s. c, — only the following four precede:

248 Q.C.M, P.i. in a few copies.

249 C. Mari. C. f. Capit, in numerous examples.

250 A, Post, A,f,S.n. Albin. in a few copies.

251 L. Rutili Flac in a single stem

fresh copy.

The first three were also found in S. Miniato, only the last one not; apparently its emission had just begun when the Treasure of Carrara was buried. If it were completely fixed, that in the treasure of San Miniato the denarii of C. Pobli- cius N. 255 and L. Procilins N. 256, similar to that of Flaccus has appeared sporadically in Carrara's, like this would they be allowed to accept the same thing; man could consider these three mint masters as colleagues, whose Denarii simultaneously began to show themselves as both treasures were buried, and this is likely.

If, as this can be considered safe, the Excavation of the treasure of Montecodruzzo shortly after J. 672, that of the treasure of Boncofreddo around J. 682 has found, then those four or six denarii must be around the years 673 - 676 fall; and it is very true that the first of these most probably by Metellus Pius during

Roman denarius treasures. 53

of his spammy Procotignlats 675 - 683 herrtthrt^). — The Burial of the treasures of Carrara and of S. Miniato himself it is very likely that the war will be short can refer to the Consnl M. Lepidus 676/7 after Sullas caused death. This revolt was based in Etruria, whose old owners, expropriated by Sulla, formed the core of the Insurgent army formed ^) , and both treasures are in Etruria found.

Although the treasure of S. Miniato is not actually ours There is new data^ then there will also be complete confirmation. those found so far can be described as valuable dttrfen. The extent to which this is significant will be discussed here shown in a few examples and at the same time some comments information about the others has become known in recent years. to which pre-SuUan denarius treasures are linked.

Despite its small size, an important one in Italy A treasure of 154 denarii was found in unknown locations After his own examination of the coins, the Duke of Blacas a. a. 0. 2, 526 with his characteristic expertise and conscience quality described. It is the first in which, in addition to Roman Italian denarii also appeared, and his ver- Excavation can then very likely lead to this J. 664 or 665 can be set. Given the small number of pieces

1) R.M.W.' p. 612 (2,459 of the French edition) and ann. yours inst. 1863 p. 68. Gamurrini a. a. 0. returns to the earlier assumption Cayedonif Back to the fact that MeteUui became emperor in the Italian War in 671/2 be, and then set the burial of the treasures of Carrara and S. Miniato in dfts J. 674. But this is impossible, theUs because Ifetellus in Italy under the Sulla was in command, so he could not become emperor, partly because of the coin was not found in the treasure of Montecodruzzo.

2) Sallust in the speech of Philip $ 6: Etruriam coniurare, proteriptot aeeeni. Exupenntius 8: in Etruriae litore committo protlio cotperat LepUm €tH wperior per armatam mtUtitudinem ^ quae odio retum SuUanarum te Lepidi partibuM appliearai. Floras 2, 11: profectus in Etruriam arrna inde et exercitum «fN admofftbai et al. 8t. m. Dmmann 4, 343 fg.

54 ^^* Mommsen,

Due to the lack of varieties, only with great caution conclusions can be drawn; but it can be seen ^ that it is slightly older than the treasures of Fiesole and Cingoli. — Of the eleven denarii that Garrucci found among the coins of Cingoli has been placed in the first class in terms of preservation Only three are represented in this treasure, N. 211, 212, 213, all of them too completely preserved here and represented by «ine relation- moderately strikingly small number of specimens; that's how they found each other from the extremely common denarii of Piso (n. 212) and of D. Silanus (N. 213) in this treasure only three pieces each alongside fourteen of the rare Italic denarii. The remaining eight were all missing, especially those that were so abundant which denarii of Q. Titius (N. 214), L. Titurius Sabinus (N. 215), L. Vibius Pansa (N. 216), whereas from the Denarii from Cingoli, to whom Garrucci has the next best state of preservation. tung (n. 139. 168. 169. 173. 182. 187—196. 198. 199. 203. 204. 208. 209), although they are much less abundant are present, only six (N. 139. 169. 187. 192. 203. 204) missing in the treasure. This always confirms more that the first major coinage for the monastery began in 664 nending Italic War was that of Piso and Silanus, and that on these still during the war those of Titius, Titu- rius and Vibius followed. Our treasure is probably in the first period of the Allied War in the Samnite region bid buried^ before the minting of these three men began and as there from the coins struck for the war The Samnite ones were more in circulation than the Roman ones. The Coins, which in the treasure of Cingoli only the next highest degree of preservation is achieved, so. far them recur in this smaller treasure, in it the predicate “very nice” (see N. 189, 190, 191, 193, 196, 198, 199) or “already” (see N. 168, 182, 194, 195, 208, 209), and are therefore allowed to do so also the specimens of the latter last a shorter time than those of

Roman Jewish traditions. 55

the former must have been in circulation. So they can in this one Treasure of existing varieties certainly found in or before 664 be placed, while however due to the lack of a variety in this the opposite cannot be concluded with certainty. that can.

The denarius of Ti. Claudius 2V. /. Ap. n. is in the French cial processing of my coinage, deviating from Cave- donis and from my appointments, place number 231 among the Vorsollan was instructed because a copy of the same the treasure of Cingoli, which belongs to the older era, is drawn. However, the absence of this common denarius in the two rich and well-raised treasures of Monteco- Drozzo and von Carrara alone should have prevented this; to These two are now confirmed by the treasure of S. Miniato added. So there must be the appearance of this Deuar in the treasure by Cingoli due to an oversight; and this is in the That already came from Garrucci himself, to whom we provide the exact description. Thanks to the discovery of this discovery, it has rightly been highlighted. £r notes (BuUett. dell' Inst. 1S65 p. 171) that from this Only one denarius, not at all fresh from the stamp, and also The patina differs from the other coins in the treasure. a corresponding copy was available to him and that he was asked to do so it was reported that the farmer who took the treasure find, some others had given him earlier in the same property Found denarii attached. If there is no doubt about it is subject to the fact that the denarius of Ti. Claudius is still the can be attributed to stamps that only appeared in Roncofreddo, so are the five denarii that are in the treasure of Faesulae were missing and are said to have been found in that of Cingoli, and which were subsequently described by the Duke of Blacas as the youngest cingulate denarii were included in the list, from others Reasons to remove from this place again. There are these are the following:

56 Th. Mommsen,

Blacas. Number of copies.

226 L. C, Memtes L. /. Gal. 1

227 P. Crepusi 1

228 L. Rubri Bossen .... 28 (not 14, like

Garrucci states).

229 Cn, Lentul 18

230 C. Censori 5

The treasure of Cingoli, according to Garrucci, consisted of from 1207 pieces seen by himself and 140 others, of which Count Servanzi Collio owns 124 and in one Bapporto (Macerata 1865) directed at the Roman Institute made known. It can't possibly be a coincidence that... those five stamps represented in a total of 53 copies among the 1207 copies seen by Garrucci Not one was found, but all 53 pieces were from Count Collio owned and described 124 belongings. It In addition, among those there is none at all, among those there is a lot numerous quinaries were found. Apparently they have The coins acquired by Tom Count Collio have nothing in common with those which Garrucci saw himself, and is used to determine the age of the Treasure only the latter should be taken into account allowed. But then it turns out that the treasure of Cin- goli not younger than that. from Fiesole, rather this completely at the same time and for the same one is all the more valuable Controle offers, as with the coins from Cingoli status of conservation has been collected. In fact then is not just not a single stamp to prove that the one Treasure would have been ahead of the other, but the one at Cingoli Coins found fresh from the stamp No. 201, 202, 205, 206. 210-216 are precisely those which, especially according to equation of Spanish treasures, for the youngest among the have been declared Faesulan. The relatively older age but, which corresponds to coins no. 226-230 on the basis of the

RdmiMlie Dentnehätze 57

The Cingulan Treasure contains incorrectly counted copies of the same has been said, turns out to be erroneous.

The discovery of Häv- (not Heviz) Szamos near Gyalu in Sie- vouch for what experts in the archive for the Austrian customer. Oeschichtsquelle 24, 377 fg. and after him the Duke of Blacas in the French adaptation of my Mttnzwesen 2, 471 fg. giving the directory is historically strange, in this respect the 345 dyrrhachian ones found together there Drachmas and 120 Roman denarii to bear witness fbr the trade connections between Rome and Illyricum at the walk of the public; because the treasure is approximately the same as that of Bon- cofreddo is at the same time, cannot be subject to any doubt. The only denarius that the Dacian treasure had before that of Bonco- Freddo had ahead, that of Kalenus and Cordus N. 258 Quite rare and can only be found every day in the treasure from Boncofreddo were missing; the French editor has also with good reason this from the presence of the denarii of Cadriano was taken out and given a higher position meadows. On the other hand, I cannot approve^ if among the Denarii first appearing in Boncofreddo and also in H^v- Szamos, N. 252-257, is then declared to be older are listed as N. 259-265, which are not represented there. In one Treasure, which consists of only 120 pieces and is completely common varieties (such as N. 199. 200. 202. 203 208. 209^ entirely were lacking, but most of the existing ones were only due to a Individual specimens were represented, which can probably be seen from the existing denarius, but not from the absence of a single denarius valid conclusion can be drawn. You will therefore not can admit that the denarii N. 252-205 according to the time fall into those two categories.

If you look at this from the visual data examined so far Based on the overall result obtained, this should now be the order of the rows of the republican coins are at least certain insofar as

58 ^b-Mommfen,

We are able to find the military inventory that existed in the year 629 Apart from individual rare pieces, it can be proven completely and from then on the additional stamps at least follow Decades can be determined with almost certainty. An equal Light as seen through the civil wars in Italy vei^aben treasures on the Roman silver coinage from the Federal The genps war continued until Augustus fell, the earlier one Epoch can hardly be hoped for from Italian finds, since the Hanni- Balic up to the beginning of the Allied War in Italy enjoyed the peace and quiet. But this does not apply to Spain, and There, too, the denarius from the Hannibalic War was ordinary Courant. Mr. Zobel, to whom we have so many important messages reports about the Spanish coin discoveries will soon follow left Spain in 1863 and this source is associated with it. wins. The Spanish coin connoisseurs and antiquity researchers would like to the same zeal that she has shown to others in recent decades Proven areas also turn to their denarius treasures I That good luck always brings them to light; but here It is more important than anywhere else to get the curl in time grasp.

Roman denarius treasures. 59

m. The Denarius Treasure of Palestrlna.

Not far from Palestrina near the small church H. Rochus recently found a treasure in a fine vessel Clay 367 denarii and (including an old Victoriatas] 32 quinaries appeared^ those with supervision Authority entrusted with the antiquities of the province of Rome Mr. Pietro Rosa is immediately responsible for the collections there acquired to preserve it in its entirety. It is perhaps the first time this has happened; and we can just wish that the process does not remain isolated and that it will be the fate of later generations what we unfortunately miss. says is a series of coin treasures next to each other in their to be able to check the entirety. The Treasure of Palestrina is not of outstanding importance, but always in its own right entirety of infinitely high value for knowledge than it belongs to the individual specimens as such. — The list of pieces from this find *) is from the HH. Heibig and Mau in the Roman Bullettino delT Imtituto di carrispondefiza archeologica for August - September 1874 with- been divided, with the state of preservation also being determined according to the individual individual pieces are carefully stated.

Because the directory is in a generally accessible place is published, I completely refrain from doing the same repeat and list here only those denarii that are in the older treasures, including those from Carrara, were missing (n. 252 fg. of Blacas' list). The information

1) The total weight is 1490 grams, which is average for the Denarius 3.89, so despite the unavoidable use it is almost the normal weight clay 3.90 gr.

QQ Th. Mommaen,

The state of preservation of the older varieties only shows again, how much caution should be taken when determining age using this criterion rinm is to be applied, especially where it does not apply to the pieces^ but given to the varieties. For example, they found themselves from the different varieties of N. 227 (L. Censorinus and CoUegen] here 14 well-preserved, 7 good ones, from N. 231 (7V. Claudius) 4 moderately preserved, 4 good^ from N. 232 (den Snllan denarii, both of which are represented here, a with 6, c with 1 copy.) 4 moderately preserved, 3 good copies. Just Only one of these older ones was represented by good specimens N. 251 [L. Rutilim Flaccm, 3 copies); because the numbers 145, 209, 210, 246, of which the same applies, were only in ever one copy available.

Number of copies Blacas plays extremely well together

253 C. Nae. Balb — 4 6 10

254 L. Daddy — 4 — 4

256 L, Prodlif. — 3 4 7

257 M. Voltei M. f. .... — 4 1 5

260 p. Lent. P. f, L. n, , . , — 1 — 1

261 C, Egnatius Cn. /. Cn, n.

Maxsimus 1 2 4(3?) 7 (6?)

263 L, Lucreti Trio .... — 7 — 7

265 P. Satrienus ......— 3 5 8

268 L. Plaetorius i. /.....— — 2 2

288 L. Cossuti C, f. Sabula . . — 1 — 1

299 C. Postumi Ta — 3 3 6

What the relationship between the new treasure and the next treasure is turns from Roncofreddo and Frascarolo, so is ttber the rare one found in none of the three, but at Häv-Szamos found denarius with Kaleni, Cardi (N. 258) on the one above P. 57 to refer those noted. — The three very rare denarii of P. Lentulus (N. 260), of L. Plaetorius (N. 268) and of L. Cossutius Sabula (N. 288) only has three of these treasures

Roman diets. Ql

the younger one surrendered. If earlier aas internal reasons the first had been put in its proper place, like this The same will now happen with the other two must 9 for which certain evidence has not yet been available. D^ both copies of the coin N. 268 gnt found preserved if this denarius was measured just before Yergrabang anseres Treasure must have been given away. — Not in all three of these generally simultaneous estimates, scmdem nar in je Two of these are the following commonly occurring varieties ▼occur:

299 C. Postumi Ta .... PAL.

252 i. Cassi Q. f. . .

255 C, Poblici Q, f. , .

259 Cn. Len

262 L, Farsulei Memor

264 L, Rmti....

FR.

—

FR.

RF.

FR.

RF.

FR.

RF.

RF.

RF.

The well-founded doubt as to whether the denarius N. 299, there He was missing in Roncofreddo, not by mistake Frascarolo found ^), is now darch the additional evidence of the treasure of Palestrina raised; and according to the nature of the specimens, of which three well preserved, but not actually mint condition ^j , three even normal We can't think of that either this variety for the youngest of the za represented in Palestrina

1) R. M. W. P. 415 B 2, 141 of the French. Uebers. Cavedoni {BulUtt. italiano 1, 57) later repeated that this denarius, like the one also described, queued N. 291 in Frascarolo would have been found belli e in eopia Bu/fieienU, But for the latter, the absence of it in Palestrina's fund is one further confirmation of the suspicion that has arisen from various sides The information provided by the rapporteur is justified in itself.

2) Originally minted copies were found in this treasure. not at all; The same must have been true, either before it was buried or after it was buried. a discovery, have been subject to manipulation in its entirety, which caused the use.

62 '^^' Mommsen,

clarify. So there seems to be nothing left but the assumption that the common denarius N. 299 in the large one and well-raised treasure of Roncofreddo darch someone Coincidence was either missing or was excluded from the recording. is falling. Under this condition one becomes the three treasures can arrange the time in such a way that the of. Palestrina the The oldest is, on these, that of Frascarolo and then that of Roncofreddo follows, the latter episode of which I have already read earlier (R.M.W. P. 415=2, 141 of the French. Transl.) as probable don't have. The denarii N. 252, 255, 259 are then between the burial of the treasures of Palestrina and Frascarolo Denarii N. 262. 264 between the treasures of Frascarolo and Roncofreddo came into circulation.

The reason why the treasures of Frascarolo are at Mon- dena and from Roncofreddo in Romagna underground have come, is undoubtedly the oladiator war, especially- The journey of Spartacus in 682 from southern Italy to the Pothal and its victories in the Apennines and near Modena ^ j . Our darling is a little older and is probably around 680 years old. beaten denarius of Cn. Lentulus (N. 259] not. In this For years the Sertorian War in Spain was at its height and the Mithradatic broke out; but rather than these More distant dangers may be some local process, such as a... local slave movement, as there were numerous in these years may have occurred, which may have moved the Praenestiner to entrust his meager savings to the soil.

1) My Rome. business 35, 80.

Roman denarius treasures. 03

I.T. The denarius treasure clay. Ylgatto.

I would rather have one in Vigatto, a few minutes an hour from Parma I owe the Mttnzfund made to the director of the museum from Parma Hm. Lnigi Pigorini the following message.

»The last test was in all the light in the province of Parma fa source scoperto nel 1863 nel Comune di Vigatto. Not so se The qnesto abbia Ella avuto mai indicazione alcuna. Ad ogni modo, per mostrarle la mia bnona volontä, le trascrivo qui la nota dei denari di quel ripostiglio, citando, per maggiore esat- tezza di indicazione, the figure of Cohen.

Aburia (Cohen 2)

Acuta (C. 3)

Aemüia (C. 1, 4, 5, 9)

Annxa (C. 1)

Antestia [C. 3)

Antia (C 1, 2)

Antonia (C 1, 2)

Appuleia (C. 2)

Baebia (C 6)

Caecüia (C. 4)

Cesia

Calidia

Calpurnia (C. 15, 24)

Cari^ (C. 1, 3, 8)

Cartilia (C 3)

Caasia (C. 4, 6)

Cipia

Claudia (C.3)

Coelta ;C. 2, 4, 6)

Comidia (C. 2, 9)

Cordia (C. 1, 2)

Cornelia (C. 4, 7, 11, 20, 21, 23, 24«

64 Th. Mommsen,

Crepusia

Curiatia (C2)

Curtia

Domitia (C. 2)

Egnatia (C 2y

Fabia (C2)

Fannia

Farsuleia (C. 2)

Fonteia (C. 1, 5, 9)

Fundania (C. 1)

Fufia (C. 3, 4, 5)

Herennia

Host slide (C. 1)

Hosttlia (C. 1, 2, 3)

Ä/m (C. 1, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 17)

lunia (C. 6, 12)

Licinia (C 1)

Livineia (C. 3)

Lucia

Lucretia (C. 1, 2)

Mamilia

Manila (C.3)

Marcia (C. 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)

Jfaria (C. 3)

Memtnia (C. 1, 3, 4)

Minucia (C. 1)

Mussidta (C. 5)

Norbana (C2)

Po/?«« (C. 1, 2)

Papiria (C 1)

Plaetoria (C. 3, 9)

P/ancia

Plautia (C. 3, 6, 7)

Poblicia (C. 1, 7)

Pomponia (C. 4, 6, 11, 15)

Porcia (C. 1, 2, 3)

Roman Den&rschlitze. g5

Postumia (C. 6, 8, 9)

Procüia (C. 1)

Renia

Roscia

Rubria ;C. 1)

Rutüia

Saufeia

Scribonia (C. 2)

Sentia

Septdlia (C. 4)

Sergia

Servilia (C. 1, 5)

Sulpicia C. 1)

TAana

TtVia (C. 1, 2)

Tituria C. 2, 5)

Urbifiia (C. 1)

Fa/m« (C. 1, 7)

Vibia C. 6, 13) TW^^m (C. 1, 2).

»Torment for the number estato dei denari del tesoretto di Vi-

gatto, non riuscii allora che fu scoperto a saperlo, e inoltre non

tenni account del numero di ciascuno dei tipi che potei esamihare.

Lo mi trovava di quei giorni sul principio dei miei studj e non

feci tutte source osservazioni che mi piacerebbe ora di comuni-

"Don't worry."

This find is also a new ring in the chain that is for

the chronological determination of the Roman denarii more closely and

closes tighter. It matches closely with the treasures

▼on Villola near Bologna), CoUecchio (near Modena), Santa Anna

(between Modena and Bologna, Sassoforte near Keggio), Liria

(near Valencia and Cordova^), all of which date back to 711.

1) Rome. Coinage p. 416 fg. (with the addendums annnli 1863 p. 69 ffg.); 2, 142 fg. the Flemish translation.

Zfittscript f. Namixm. II. 6

66

Th. Mommsen,

hear and all of them in Italian^ just like the one now known, found in the Modena area and eye- apparently caused by the Mutinensian war are. Apart from those varieties that were produced before the year 705 have been beaten and their appearance at Vigatto is nothing teaches new things, I present here the ones after the beginning of the civil war-related figures represented in Vigatto are clearly arranged:

l.

Caesar Dictator Aeneasu. Anchises Cohen luKa 9.

,, ,, Tropaeum

,, 12/11/15

,, ,, dict, iter. cos. tert.

", 17

2.

Q. Sicinius

Sicinia

3.

C. Antius

Anita 1. 2.

4.

T. Carisius

CarisiaX, August 3rd

5.

C. Considius Paetus

Considia 9/2

6.

M'. Cordius Rufus

Cordia 1. 2.

7.

L. Hostilius Saserna,

Hostilia\,2.'i.

8.

L. Papius Celsus

Papia 2

9.

L. Plautius Plauens

Plautia 7

10.

L. Valerius Acisculus ^

Valeria 7

according to

P. SepuUius Macer

Sepullia 4

12.

Albinus Bruti f. ^

Postumia 8.9.

13.

L. Vibius C/. C.w.Pansa,

Vibia 13

14.

L. Livineius Regulus curulian armchair

Livineia 3.

15.

L. Mussidius Longus Comitia

Mussidia 5

16.

M. Antonius Caesar the,] (M.An-

Antonia 2

tone. imp,

That the coins of the first thirteen minters of the specified Belonging to the same era is already a given: important- On the other hand, the last three are the most important, undoubtedly the youngest of the entire find. Like all the others through the mutine The cause of the war was also before the founding of the Triumvirate came underground because not a single triumvirate Virance coin appears in any of them; the triumvirate brought, if not peace, at least calm and the Yei^grabeni d^ Money stopped there. But this is the first film of this kind

Romlsee denarius treasures. g7

Type that yields a denarius of Antonius» However, this one names The only thing that remains on it is the emperor, which title he perceives. apparently adopted at the end of 710, when he forced D. Brutus into To include Mutina (Drumann 1, 161, 214), definitely already in March 711, as Cicero did on March 20th d. J. held 13th Fhilippica (10, 22). This denarius well and the similar Aureus are the oldest of all Antony's name denoted coins and were apparently struck during the siege of Mutina, against which, by the way quite similar only to the title imp, the second r. p. c. (without Illvir) probably the first to add coins which he took after the establishment of the triumvirate in the autumn of of the same year. As Quattuorvirn of this year According to the various finds, it now turns out that:

P, Accoleius Lariscolus, represented in the treasure of Sassoforte. Petülim Capttolintcs represented in the treasures of Sassoforte

and Cordova. L. Livineius Regulus, represented in the Treasures of Santa Anna,

Cordova and Vigatto. L. Mussiditis Lonffus, represented in the treasure of Vigatto.

This was already recognized earlier by the first two. Coinage p. 65S, French Uebers. 2, 549), especially since the error len of their rare denarii are not noticeable in other treasures could. Also that the denarii of Regulus date back to the year 711 belong, had to, after the treasure of Cordova the testimony which had been confirmed by S. Anna, at least for a part the same should be granted (annali 1863 p. 75. The new one Schatz doesn't just confirm this again, he confirms this first provides the same evidence for the denarii of Longus, and one will have to grant this all the more than the denarii These two mint masters are not only very similar in other ways, but also they alone ask for coins with the head of Lepidus-

b*

5g Th. Mommsen, Roman denarius treasures.

have to assign, which are intended for the beginning of the triumvirate fit perfectly; whereas, after Lepidus' real position had become obvious, never further with his portrait has been coined. Probably of the four coins Lords of the year in which the triumvirate was constituted fell, only Longus and Regulus submitted to it and theirs later coins with the name and portrait of the new ones rulers, while their coUegen Lariscolus and Gapitolinus did not join them. So our darling, which must be buried shortly before the foundation of the Triumvirate, The coinage preceding this one takes us for the first time in desirable completeness.

Th. Mommsen.

On the coins with the images of the proconsuls of

Asia and Africa.

The question of what rights the images of the Procotisuln have of Asia and Africa during a short period of time the coins struck in the relevant provinces seem to be by Mr. Waddington [melanges de numismatique 2, 133 fg.) and by me (Hermes 3, 268 fg.) in various ways Meaning has been answered. The worthy editor of the numismatic matique de raneiefme Afrique, Mr. L. Müller in Copenhagen has in his recently published (1874) supplement p. 40 picked up the interesting object again and himself expressed it as follows.

»M. Waddington pr^sume que la prösence des tetes des pro- consuls sur les monnaies est suffisamment motiv6e par les hon- neurs qu'on lenr rendait dans les provinces; il rappelle qn'on allait jusqu'ä leur d^dier des temples et k instituer des jeux qni portaient leurs noms, en d'autres terms, k leur decemer des Honors divins, and the fact that the proconsuls don't say anything itaient plus ou moins apparent^s ou allios k la maison im- perial. M. Mommsen, au contraire, suppose qu' Auguste, k thiste öpoque Ik, a accord^ aux proconsuls de l'Asie et de TAfrique, qui tenaient le premier rank, le droit de battle monnaie avec leurs effigies. Dans these hypothous, au nieme temps qu'il di- signa pour son successeur le c6sar Caius ;en 748 u. c), Augaste, ponr consolider la Constitution de Tempire, aurait con^u IHdöe

70 Th. Mommsen,

d'accorder au s^nat une participation real ä radministration de l'^tat, et, confonnöment k ce dessein, donn6 le privileges dont il s'agit aux deux prineipaux proconsuls qui reprösentaient le s6nat in le8 provinces; mais au bout de quelques ann6e@, lorsque leg deux c^sars, Caius et Lueius, furent morts, et que Tib^re commenQa k exercer de rinfluence, Auguste serait revenu k son ancienne politique, ee qui aurait eu pour eons6quence rabolition du droit eonförö aux proconsuls. This explication est ingSnieuse, mais ne peut guöre 6tre admise. Le savant Allemand suppose that ce sont les proconsuls qui ont fait fabri- quer ces monnaies ; mais elles ont 6t& frapp6es [k une exception prös) par les magistrats communaux des villes. Les monnaies Asiatiques portent toutes au revers le nom ethnique et celui du magistrate Greek; Celles de TAfrique offerrent les noms d'Achulla et dTUidrum^te , villes qui toutes les deux 6taient libres et jouis- said you droit monötaire. Par cons6quent, la prösence des ef&gies des proconsuls sur les monnaies ne peut Stre expliqu6e for a measurement of temperature policy; les villes les y ont fait placer par le motif expos6 par M. Waddington, et que nous avons d^jk indiqu6 dans notre ouvrage ^) , savoir, pour rendre Homage aux proconsuls ou acqu6rir leur faveur. II n'y a qu'une seule des monnaies dont il s'agit qui ait 6t& ömise par le proconsul, c'est le n^ 37, qui est d6pourvu de nom de viUe et porte celui d'Africanus Fabius Maximus. Si la tSte de cette piöce repr^sente le proconsul, la raison en est que, la fabrication des monnaies k Teffigie du proconsul ayant it& une fois 6tablie in the province d'Afrique, Africanus a adoptä cet usage avec the temperature consent; mais la circonstance qu^elle n'est pas frapp^e par une ville, fait soupfonner que la tSte de cette monnaie, aiusi que celle du n^ 29, est le portrait d'Auguste;

1) Vol. II p. 40 en haat. Ce passage a tfcbapp^ k Tattention de M. Momm- seD, qui dit (1. c. p. 269 en bas), que je n*ai pas essay^ d'expliqner le fait dont il s'agit.

To the coins with the images of the Proconsals Ton Asia and Africa. 7 1

ces deux tStes offrent en effet quelque ressemblance avec Tem- perenr, et aar le n^ 26 le nom de Varns se trouve ajoutö ä nne kill qni paratt Stre celle d'Augnste ^j."

If I allow myself to dwell on this controversy- come, this will be of immense importance for that Roman constitutional law finds its excuse.

First of all, Mr. Müller is wrong when he thinks it's mine I missed his statement that these coins were struck j90ttr rendre homage au prefet; but I was the one though My opinion and I am still the same that this is not an attempt to explain the phenomenon in question. Certainly it is a notice his portrait towards the coins against the governor set ; but how was this politeness possible in a monarchy, The word “whose is” applies almost as much as today’s the picture and the writing?" and why was this politeness only under Augustus and only for about three years and only proved to the governors in Asia and Africa? you can open it These questions are answered with a more laconic than deep analysis. Note: c^est pour rendre homage au prefet?

Unfortunately, the explanation now given by Mr. Müller turns out to be conflict as less laconic, but no better lays. That the coins in question for the most part Belonging to the municipal character is so notorious that it but no one needs to argue about it; if I have described them as those that the governor has let it beat, this of course goes to the well-known one and especially for Africa the fact is sufficiently proven that The municipal coinage also takes place permissu proconstUü. Before But above all, the entire discussion shows that this is so excellent and highly respected numismatists in the fields here

1) M. Waddington (l. c. p. 124), prend encore cette tete ponr celle de Varns; corn rush ressemble pins k Auguste.

72. Th. Mommsen,

striking constitutional questions is as much a layman as it is but the coinage scholar is not allowed to be either. The right to mint and the image rights are none of our business. The beam The Romans had that without having this own. Wherever the image right appears, it appears independent from the right to mint, indeed initially separate from it; Caesar's As is well known, the portrait can only be found on the at the behest of Senate struck coins (R. M. W. P. 740], and the Kai- serines, the Caesars such as B. Domitian never had the coinage, but probably owned the portrait right. Of course there is both often combined in the same person; but also where this is the case, the portrait right never appears to be limited to Coins of your own mint, but always in general. It is really necessary to remember that the imperial portraits too figure on the copper of the Senate and the municipal coins? So there is no reason at all for this Municipal coinage is established, for which the Proconsol directly to cast doubt on the struck pieces and portraits, in where, with the best will in the world, no one can see the head of Augustus can know, to impose on him the appearance. The The question of the right to mint does not belong here. Sir Waddington, who not only the coins, but also the Roman cial state system (and who, without a doubt, is just as familiar as I am People will shake their heads at Hadrumetum's VII vir epulonum and many other unbelievable things in Müller's deeds), So I was very right to look for an answer that would question of the portrait as such; and no one will deny that the relationship with the imperial family itself is very much here could be asserted. Reflect in every monarchy the ruler's honorary rights are more or less his wife and his relatives; and the portrait right is under demonstrably attached to the Roman Principate in precisely this sense. been turned. However, this hypothesis, which is plausible in itself,

To the coins with the images of the Proconsnln Ton Asia and Africa. 73

These raise serious concerns, especially that the presupposed relationship is in fact nothing but one usually very distant in-laws and therefore, especially since the Romans are not as practical as we are with affinity and cognizance mixed together, according to the hypothesis, strictly speaking, the real soil missing. I want these and other concerns as well as those for mine Do not repeat the reasons presented here, but rather just add one important moment for the controversy, that has become known since my note was printed and that I I don't find it mentioned by Müller. At that time we knew the pro- Consulate year of L. Asinius Gallus Consul 746 not and after that for the interval between consulate and proconsulate in According to generally valid laws it did not seem possible the last tere to put before 753. The Ephesian interior found since then writing (7. /. L. in, 6070 has now shown that he pro- was consul of Asia in 74S/9; and so that is it Final concerns have disappeared from all these portrait coins years 748-750, in which Augustus To secure the succession of the dynasty, he made concessions to the Senate like never before and never again.

Th. Mommsen.

lAlEAEAN. ThraelBch-macedoiilsehe Sllbermftme.

Recently there have been a relatively large number of onmis madsche NotitSten dnrcb finds and discoveries in northern came to Greece. I just remember Imhoof's discovered coins of the northern Illyrian Pelagia and Sarnoa (Sarnua-, to which Ron Lambros is rightly the Macedonian Didrachmon of the British Museum assigned to Ichnae MOA ■ XI [i.e. i. 'Ixi-äor or 'Ix^aloy, 'Ixvaliav cf. ReTne Mom. 1874 p. 16S], to the large pieces of silver from Macedonia, to the Tetra- drachma with OPAKQN and raw, late - tbasic types (ProkcBch and Beriin (Fox) < a rOllig probably also belongs here barbaric 8tUck in Paris, with distorted notices, but definitely -fi)IA- in Abschmtti, to the Thssian types striking Bergaeus, etc.

I give the picture above of what I think is here Coin that was made known for the first time and is, of course, enigmatic Thracicb-Macedonian TypeD, very similar to the known ones Didraehmen of the Orrheecians and the Latvians:

Dr. A. V. Sallet, ThracUch-Mac^donian silver coin. 75

Hf, laIEEAEfin Centaur stealing a girl,

to the right. Rf, quadratum incusum.

51 4. 9.1 grm.

The coin is owned by Mr. Rollin and Feuardent in Paris; the latter gave it to me with his usual friendliness Fublication permitted.

The inscription is clear^ only the penultimate letter could also be an O, but ü is more likely. An experience clarification of the inscription, i.e. h. a determination of the hometown of the Mttnze cannot be given for the time being. Professor Kiepert Writes to me about it: “I regret not being able to give you any information to be able to give; although the form of the name compared to that Asia Minor. Zrik^ia and the Bithynian personal name Zirikctq which suggests Thracian origin can be found in the sparse geographical information about ancient Macedonia not the slightest clue; the like are otherwise hopeless Local questions can only be asked once through random finds at the location and place in which so far so little has been carried out according to plan. researched countries should be enlightened."

Style and weight of the coin as well as its known type prove with certainty that we have a Thracian-Macedonian, in the immediate vicinity of the Orrhescians and Letaeans piece in front of us. This is probably the time of expression fifth century, at the latest the middle of it; that fi finds As is well known, just like H in those Qegenden already in oldest time.

Dr. A.V. Sallet.

The medieval coins of the city of Aachen.

Plate II - IV.

Neither in Meyer »Aachen'sche Oeschichtena (Aachen 1781) still at Quix “History of the City of Aachena (there 1840) we find a document about the award or leasing of the Minting rights to the city, although this was certainly granted that is.

Even under Carl the Great there was an imperial mint, which was also diligently maintained by his successors. was used and from the Hohenstaufens in particular numerous stamps emerged. As the final expression of this Imperial coins bearing names or images Mint we can find the rare sterling GarFs of the Fourth denote, since after this on no coin minted here the name of the emperor appears and yet it seems strange should seem, since the double sterling number i, like the one Sterling No. 2 belongs to a same period that the emperor would have deprived ourselves of a privilege if we were not in this Time the mint was awarded or leased to the city had to assume.

Through simultaneous imprints we can mark the time of beautiful Choose coin number 6 because it has the same depiction The following people used their coins: Wallraf von Born 1355-1378, G. von Heinsberg 1361-1395, Wilhehn von Jülich 1361-1395,

R. Lietzmann, The Middle-Ulter coins of the city of Aachen. 77

Johann von Moers 1364 - 1373; now No. 1 and 2 are safe are older than No. 6., the awarding or leasing of It must have taken place around 1350.

I added the Juncheits coins to the Aachen coins and I join the earlier researchers who worked in the similar representation of the patron saint, a compilation assume a bond with the city and be encouraged in it^ that there is still a Junkers mill today (in the Juncheits documents) called mtthle) and a Junkersthor exist. Quix in his History of the city of Aachen (volume above page 72) has two Documents from 1321 and 1340 in which members of a The de Junheit family are listed as witnesses. Already in 1821 These coins were sent to Aachen in the Lower Rhine region referred.

No other city has such numerous characteristics of the Middle as old as Aachen, and we only miss the Thaler, which occurred in the neighboring city of Cologne during the same period. already appear in large numbers. The last coin dates from 1504, it The hammer then rested for 50 years, and then again in 2019 1568 coins come to light.

The following directory often has a name Coin type must be missing, as with so many coins of the same type Period, that of a determination by simultaneous documents look forward.

I feel particularly grateful to Director Dr. Friedländer, as well as the Kaiserl board. Royal coin collection in Vienna, obliged to provide me with impressions essential support to Thcil will be Hesse.

7S R-Lietzmann,

Germany. City of Aachen 56. City of Aachen 1).

N. Z. Numismatic newspaper Weissensee 1847 page 166 and flg. R, Renesse Breidbach: mes loisirs 3rd volume page 467 and flg. A. Illustrations in Meyer: Aachen Stories 1781.

Coat of arms: Eagle see. in g.

Patron saint: Carl the Great.

1. Double sterling, see also 1347-1364). Dm. 22'" 6w. 1.82.

1. * ÄQVIS : 6R7\;MI : QÄPVT : IMPI

2

Crowned head from the front. Bv. 1. 2. VRBS - T^QVQ — RQGÄ - SQDS.

Continuous cross in three angles 3 balls in four ten Adler (1. NZ. 8. - . 2. Cappe Kaisermttnzen panel XII. 191.

2. Sterling, s.a. (1347-1364. Dm. 17'" Weight O,«.

1. * ÄQVIS : GRTÜHI : OÄPVT : IMPI

2. : :

O» • • •

4. : : C7\:PT :

i2r. 1-4. VRBS — ÄQVQ — RQ6Ä — SQDS

On both sides as 1. (1 cap 789. — 2 cap 787. —

3 Cappe Xn 192. — 4 Cappe 788.

3. Sterling, s.a. Dm. 16'" wt. 0.t7.

1 and 2. * S . R7aiOL. SB7^G-nVS • IPQRT^ 3 & 4. IPQR7\T

Crowned head of vom with halo.

i?r. 1. * MoneiTK • VRBis • 7\;QQns

2 and 3. TtQQR

4. 7\:Qansis

1) For more information see Table 11., III. and IV. The numbers of the illustrations correspond direii with the directory.

The medieval coins of the city of Aachen. 79

Cross, in three angles 3 balls in the fourth eagle (1 and 2 R.L.) 3 and 4. Royal Cabinet.

4. Vi Sterling. 8. a. Dm. 14'" wt....

* snnaTVs : rtmiolvs

W. See.

Rev. * MonsTÄ • T^Qvans ;

Cross at an angle 3 balls (A. II. 24.).

5. Groschen, see also Dm. 26''' Weight 2.6i.

SaS : RT^ROLVS — SßT^GM l ISBPOR The saint kneeling on the right holds with both hands a church. Bv, external transcription

VRBST^Q — VQKSIS - RQGT^LI — S I SQ DQS Inner transcription SßOR — QT7^ — T^QV — QfiS — Continuous cross at an angle an eagle. (R. 33912).

6. Groschen, see also Dm. 27'" Weight 3.58.

SaS : RT^ROLVS - SBÄGM : ISBPOR The saint in full figure right. Scepter 1. R. A. including ter W. 8ch.

Rv, A. and ♦ VRBS : T^Qvensis ; rqgälis: sqdqs; I. and Mon — QT7^ - T^QV — ans -

Cross to the outside. Um. (Mader I. Page 177 Fig. 101).

7. Dimes. 1372. Dm. Weight. . . .

* RT^ROLVS ; SB7^6 — RVS : mPQRT^T The saint in half figure right. Sz. 1. R. A. in front of him W. Seh. Rev. A.U. Xa:Vmai-Xa:RQ6n-7^n:Dni:Sß-.|«.LXXII I. U. MOn — GTQ - IVna - hSIT Continuous cross. N.Z. 2).

8. Dimes. 1373. Same as No. 7 only llloLXXIII (N. Z. 3 .

9. Dimes. 1374. Dm. 26'" Weight 2,i8.

1. * RT^ROLVS : SB7TO — fiVS : mPQRT^T

2. • •

80 I^* Lietzmann,

Rev. A. and 2. xa-vmai— xasRQßnÄ— UH-DRisß—

fffoLXXIIII

1. xa-.vmaiT-xa-.RGGM— ÄHtDuitSB—

fffoLXXIIII I.U. 1 . 2. MOn—QTAS—IVna—hGIT On both sides as before. (1st RL. - 2nd A U. 27)

10. Groschen. 1375. DM. 25'" wt. 2,i6.

1. 2. *RÄROLVsisBÄ0— nvs:mPQRÄT Rev. A. and 1. xötvinai— xa:RQ0M— T^notoni—

SßfffoLXXV

2. xa:vmai— xatRacnÄ— Äno:Dni—

SßfffoLXXV

I. and 1. 2. Mon-aTÄ8— ivna— heit

On both sides as before (1st NZ. 5th - 2nd RL.)

11. Yj Groschen, see also Dm. 18'" wt....

1. RÄROLvs sßÄ-onvs : mPQR

2. IRPaRÄ

The saint in half figure right. Sz. 1. R. A. in front of him W. Seh. Ar. 1. SBOn— eTTW— IVna-hQIT

2. sßons i

Continuous wreath in three angles 3 balls in fourth eagle. (1. R 33931 - 2. Royal Cabinet.)

12. Half penny, see also Dm. 19'" Weight 1.23.

S.K7VROLoSß7^—OnVSoIPQRT^ Like before. Rc. *MOnQT7\:»VRBIS»7WiVQnSIS

Cross in 3 angles 3 balls in the fourth eagle. (R.L.)

13. Dimes. 1402. Dm. 26'" Weight 2.46.

sas § K7?ROL'aß7V0 — nvs § ipörtwor

The saint in half figure right. Sz. 1. R.A. in front of you W. See.

Rc. A. and Hw^nno8DOSßmi§aß8ffff8SQavDO

I. U. MOn—QTT^-VRB'-EQQR Cross to the outer inscription. (R.L.)

The Middle-Uter-Mansi people of the city of Aachen. gl

14. Dimes. 1402. Dm. 26'" Weight 2,19.

SaS g RTmOL^SBÄ^GRVS g IPQRäT^ Rv, A. ü. HWmnOgDOSBimgSBILLQSISßOgWWgSGavnDO

I. above nou—BTn—vKw—mm

On both sides as before (R. 33920).

15. Groschen. 1403. DM. 26'" Weight 1.99.

As before only TQRQIO (R.L.)

16. Dimes. 1404. Dm. 26'" wt. l=2,oi. 2=2,to.

As before, only QV7\:RT0 . 1 stamp: in W. Seh. Eagle r. 2. Adler 1. (R. 33921.)

17. Dimes. 1405. Dm. 25'" wt. I=2,i7. 2=2,o3.

Like before, only QVIRTO 1 pc. MONETA starts at ANNO. 2 MONETA at QUINTO. (1. A II 29. — 2. R.L.)

18. Half penny, see also Dm. 20"' Weight 1.02.

1. SgR7\:R0LgSB— T^glPGRÄ

2. SBÄ— GgIPQRTrr

3. Sß-GgIPGRÄ

The saint r. Church 1. R.A. in front of you W. See. Rev. 1. 2. 3. *MOnQT7KVRBISg7?QVQnSIS

Cross 1st and 2nd in the 1st and 3rd angle eagle, 2nd and 4th six- radiant stars.

Cross 3. In the 1st to 3rd angle five-pointed stones, 2nd and 4th eagles. (I. and 2. RL — 3 A. II 21.)

19th quarter groschen, see also Dm. 16'' wt. 0,r>3.

SgRTÜlO—SBÄQgIPG Church volumes including W. Seh. Rev. *MONGT7^VRBg7?QVQS^

Cross. (A U 19.)

20. Heller, s.a. Dm. 13'" wt. 0.22.

Heraldic shield. Rev. Cross in the angles (71 Q V Sj (AU2S.).

Z«ilaciirifl f. MuBisa. 11.

S2 R- LiaUnMii,

21. Dimes. 1410. Dm. 25'" Weight 1.7i.

SaS§R7?ROL8SBÄ— G^IPÖRTn" The saint r. Church 1. E-A. in front of you W. See.

Rev. A. and )HmnosDOSßim892iLLesisß08ffffSDea

I.U. *MONQT7KVRB83T:QVQS' Cross.

22. Groschen. 1411. Dm. 25'" wt. 1=l.8i. 2=1.64.

1. and 2. SaS8R7^ROL8SB7V-68IPeR7n'0' Rev. A.U. 1. and 2. >i>7Cnn08DOg2mi8SI2ILLeSI$ßOSf f f f8VnD' I.U. 1 . *MONQT7KVRB8ÄQVS'

2. ÄQVaS'

On both sides as before (1st R. 33919. — 2nd R. L.)

23. Groschen. 1412. Dm. 25"' wt. 1,fi9.

As before, only SffffSXII (R. 33923.).

24. Groschen. 1418. Dm. 25"' Weight 1.96.

SaSSRÄROLSfiTÜ— 68IPeR7n"0'

HHtnnosDOSBinissßiLLesisBosffffxviii

H^MONGTTKVRBST^QVST As before (R. 33924.).

25. Groschen. 1419. Dm. 25'" Weight 1.79.

1. SaS8RÄROL8a2Ä-08IPeR7n''

2. IPQR7CT(y

3. GSIPQRTn'O'

Rev. A.U. 1 . 2. «Änn08DOg2mi892ILLaSISß08f f f f XIX 3. StCtfSXIX

I.U. 1 . 2. *MORQTmVRB87WJVS^ 3.'

On both sides as before (1st after 2nd RL - 3rd A HI 1st).

26. Groschen. 1420. Dm. 25'" wt. 1, ».

Same as No. 25.3. only 8fft(8XX (NZ. 16.).

27. Groschen. 1421. Dm. 25'" wt. 1.9o.

As before only 8fffC8XXI (N.Z. 17.).

The Middle Ages Mfinnn of the Btodt AMben. 83

28. Groschen. 1422. DM. 25'" Weight 1.88.

As before, only SffCfSXXII (N.Z. 18.).

29. arosee. 1429. DM. 25"' wt.

Rev. A. U. §aßILLQSISfiOM«XXIX

I.U. On both sides as before. (Dr. Grote, Hanover.)

30. Groschen. 1430. Dm. . . . Weight. . . .

As before, only ISBPQRTH'OR and XXX (N.Z. 20).

31. y« Groschen, see also Dm. 15'" Weight 0,"'.

oSSRTVRO—SBÄGSIPeo

Church below W. Seh. Rev. *M0M6TK§VRBIS§KQVeMS Decorated cross (All. 20th).

32. Groschen. 1489. Dm. 25"' Weight 1.4g.

1. u. 2. oSgKKROLoMK'— °IPeRKo»

o

The saint r. Sz. 1. R.A. vor see W. Seh. Rv, A.U. 1 . and 2. *KM0gaMI8MILeSIM0gHMgLXXXIX

o o

I. above 1. *MONeTK§VRB^KQVeM Cross. 2.%

(1st and 2nd R.L.).

33. ? Dimes. 1489. Dm. 18'" wt....

T^VegGRT?'—PLeWT^oDoTeC Maria with the child in half figure below W. Seh. Rev. *MOMeTKSVRBISgKQVeMSIS

Decorated cross at angles 1—X — 8 — 9. (A III 2.)

34. Dimes. 1490. DM. 25"' Weight 1.93.

^ SgKKROLoMK^-^IPeRÄo • *nM089MI8MILeSIMOg«W?LXXXX *MON6TK8VRB'EQVeN Like No. 32. (A III. 3) as a diekmtnze.

6*

g4 R* Lietzmann, The Middle Ages Mfinia of the SUdt Aachen.

35. Monze. 149t. Dm. 27'" Weight 2.96.

♦VRBS§7?QV6NSRe6NI8SeD6S§C7\;PVT§OIM Right Maria m.d. Children 1. the saint with church in Section ©IXoGl© Rv, ♦CIVIT7\;TV§6TgPROVINCI7mVM867\;LLie

On a decorated cross d. St. W. (N.Z. 21.)

36. Monze. 1491. Dm. 27'" Weight 2.73.

1. 2. 3. o7\;Ve§R66m{CeLORV§M7n'eR§Re6IS87?6eLO' 4.5.6.7.8. . KGetOR^

Mary with the child in half figure. i?t?. 1.6. VRBSgKQ-VeMSIS:%~Re6MI§Se-SeD6S8 IX 91 2.7. X § IXoOl

3.4. § 8 lXo91

5. •:• 8 IX 91

8. •:• o iXo9i

On a decorated cross d. W. See. (1-8. R.L. - 3. Affl. 4).

37. Monze. 1492. DM. 28"' Weight 2, ».

Like No. 35 only in section oiXo32o (A. III. 5.)

38. '/groschen. 149G. Dm. 18'" wt. 0.67.

Like No. 33 only in the angles of the cross l — X — 9 — G. (N.Z. 23.)

39. f dimes. 1498.

Like No. 38 in the angles 1— X— 9— 8. Are located as a thick coin of very low content in the royal. Gabinet. /

40.? Dimes. 1503. DM. 18'" wt. 0.66.

Like No. 33 only 1—5—0—3. (A UI. 6.)

41. ? Dimes. 1504. Dm. 18'" wt....

7?V686R7\:oP— LeM7\:o3oT6C *MOßeT7\SVRBIS§!rtQV9nSIS Like No. 33 only 1—5-0—4. (A above 28.)

R. Uebmann.

Mi s c e 1 1 e n.

Obituary. E. Beul6 f. Died in Paris on April 4th former Minister of the French Republic, E. Beal6, Ar- chaeologian and namismatist, the latter being particularly beautiful Excellent work: les monnaies d' Äthanes, Paris 1858, known.

A.V.S.

Domitian's head erased on coins. Like Geta's Head on coins from Pergamum, Smyma, Stratonicea (see Fried- laender and Sallet, the king. Coincab. p. 176), can be found also on a copper coin from Cibyra in Phrygia with the mutually honored heads of Domitian and Domitia (in Berlin Museum) the head and the transcription of the former, like his name on the inscriptions, erased. In Rome you have This technical destruction procedure never goes down to the mouth Zen expanded. Pergamum, Smyma, Stratonicea and Cibyra As far as I know, they are the only cities whose coins are based on find such subsequent executions of murdered emperors.

A.V.S.

The Royal Coin Cabinet in Berlin, now un- disputedly the third in the world after the London and Paris since the acquisition of the Fox collection in addition to the ones already in place Coins that were previously laid out under glass are an exhibition large number of the most excellent pieces of these newly acquired

86 miscellaneous.

Collection as well as some panels from other recent acquisitions — including the magnificent Biedermann imperial medallions — organized. So pleasing are the continued shiny ones Acquisitions and the lively interest of the educated public for the magnificent series of minting masterpieces laid out art is 7, the more deeply it is to be regretted that, despite all strictures it has not been possible so far, including the Mttnzcabinet externally to indicate the appropriate place. The ancient coins Zen are most impractical and undignified in the dark, hidden in health-threatening, stuffy, cold basement rooms, separated from it by dark corridors and masses of doors and castles, both medieval and modern. This separation tion makes it extremely difficult to use, moreover The current coin cabinet is probably the most unsafe, thefts and burglaries in all of Berlin museum. It is to be hoped that care will finally be taken will, this p]*worthy collection for its value and its Would give somewhat appropriate local.

A.v. S.

Denarius with A. Nerva. The Hm. Heibig and Mau do upon publication of the Palestrina find on a The same variant of the well-known denarius of P. Nerva with the Comitia attentive, with A. KERV A, Same coin is also in the Berlin Cabinet, but others have one crooked P similar to an A« We ask our fellow researchers, the denarii of this category on this strange difference to want to investigate ^). d. R.

1) The depiction of the Comitium on these denarii is discussed above Line across the field, for example a pole for attaching a canvas Decl&e. A small table is braced onto the bar, on a weak pflekt, and next to it there is hardly a following letter^ This would also be discussed. closure desired.

J.F.

Literature. g7

“Montze of Tiryn”. According to one by Henn Dr. Imhoof The published communication is Volume I, p. 217 of this magazine Suggested costumes from Lnynes' collection are a weavers' mttnie of Tiryns; The same is true both in the Annalides I. 1842 p. 139 as on the plate Mon. m 35 incorrectly instead of ar ae referred to. — The silver coin at Hanter t. 60 AD 16 becomes assigned by Imhoof Tiryns, see Volume I p. 327. R. Weil.

Literature.

Bompois, H. Ferdinand, les types mon^taires de la social gathering. Paris 1873. (116 pp. m. 3 plates). 4». Since then Appearance of Friedlaender's Oscan coins and Mommsen's The history of the Roman military system is too clear up to that point. well-known types of coins from the Italian allies only one ^j was added, the high historical interest This series of notes alone justifies the author, when he made it the subject of a monograph has. Unfortunately, the Bompois is the French and Italian literature on his subject, Friedlaender's book but only accessible in the panels. His work covers Next is the historical side of the federal cooperative coins In general 9 then the metrological > and finally there is a detailed description explained by 3 plates by Dardel writing. — p. 20 f. is the one put forward by Millingen nnd despite Friedlaender's refutation (Osk. M. p. 82] by many aoeh prey not yet given up view fights that the

1) Female head wreathed with a kpheu r. in the laurel wreath lU. Taurus and Wolf r., VI YjaTI*! ; in F. R (Gab. BUcm). De Witte in 1 Histoire de la mon- nale lonulne de M. Mommten, t. 11 p.m. 531. Bompois p. 97, t. 11 n. 6.

gg literature.

Number of swearers in the oath taken as a type deal with the number of members of the league at any given time let tribes unite. Likewise, Bompois doesn't want anything know about the artificial and sought-after interpretations of the night imitation of certain Roman denarii by the allies, is rather of the opinion^ that one can only Types of Roman denarii were selected based on existing needs I have ^ especially since the stamp cutter was under the noise of the war. that in the interior of Italy there was little time for independent inventions could have stayed. The representation of the warrior with the bull lying next to it ^ which is only found on coins with oski- 23 is referred to the Verse Sacrum of the Sam- nites, in which, according to legend, a bull died The emissary served as a guide to the country of the opians (Strab. 250); the one lying under the warrior's left foot Subject would be according to Bomp. P. 88 an overturned vase (pre- fericulum), as found on gonsular denarii; Friedlander P. 76 thinks of a standard. What is worth emphasizing is the discussion cung of the gold coin of Minius leius p. 27ff., which is now the Paris Coin Cabinet. Their weight is that of Attic staters; Mommsen has already (Münzw. p. 406) assumed that the allies probably as a result of their drawings to Mithradates gave their gold pieces to the Greek coinage foot adjusted. Furthermore, a comparison of the copper coins from Amisos ^) with the Italian Gk)ldtnzen an un- recognizable similarity of the types (Bomp. p. 40), an observation tion, which Friedlaender p. 76 had already done; but this was a bomb. remained unknown. Now there are the l^jrpen both the weight and style of the gold coin from yours The silver coins of the allies are so different are, concludes Bomp. from this that there is none at all in the gold coin

1) Young head with ivy wreath r. RS. CisU with Thyno« and Nebris, in section AM I lOY , in the Monognmm field (Bomp. Plate III b. 2).

4"-

Literature. * ^ ^ vs

There is a coin minted in Italy, but that it is the same as that Embassy of the allies to the court of Mithradates accomplished, whose favorite seat was Amisos [Cic. per person. c. 8), minted there, imitating the types from Amisos. had been imitated. He considers Minius Leius to be the leader of the mission. Mithradates was nicknamed Dionysus (Appian. Mithr. 10) and this seems to be the reason for Amisos to have the types of the cult favored by the king lean; as well as on other coins from Amisos (Bomp.Plate III n. 3) the heroic cult cultivated by the Pontic kings Perseus not just through the types of Perseus and Pegasus is indicated (Leakc N. H. Asia p. 9), but also in the The hero's facial features reflect the portrait of Mithradates. is like the tetradrachms with the lapel of Pegasus and the deer show. The gold coin of Minius Leius would be hereto be added to the denarius, from whose representation Peace- laender p. 84 has proven that it refers to that of Mithradates Landing in Italian that was promised to the allies ground. p “

Cnrtius, E., Cyzikens' honorary monument to Antonia Tryphaena and her family. (Monthly reports of the Academy 1874 p. 7 - 20). — Mommsen, Th., Reges Thraciae inde a Caesare dictatore (Ephemeris 1874 p. 1 50 — 165) . From the strange interior writing of the Thracian queen Antonia Tryphaena, whose coins Until now, it has been erroneously assumed that she was the wife of Polemo II of Pontus. moved while she is probably his mother, surrender for the numismatics and history of the Thracian and Pontic Bosporan kings achieved important results in the tribes The tables in the second treatise are briefly summarized. — As for the coins of the Olbian Polemo, I can I'm looking for the available specimens (the Pembrokes with the alleged CAA, which is just a double whammy of the usual