Revue numismatique, vols. 8–9 (4th series) — vol. 8–9 — 1890

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A. HEIS8

rita, would have continued, during the first times of their occupation, to strike in the old workshop sufeve, of the three to the type of the vanquished, but in asserting their authority by the ethnic indication which ends the legend.

The letters L> R. A or rather V, inscribed respectively vement on the triens 14, 16, 17 and 18, are not numerated values, since we see among them an R, nor the initiations of su^ve kings, since the The name of none of these kings begins with an I, an L, an A or a V.

We should not think more about the initiators of employees of the mint, these names are not not indicated on imperial species, nor by con- follow on their imitations; we only find them and much later, in the second half of sixth century, on the Merovingian species where these names are almost never registered except in all letters. Finally these letters would have no connection with names of mints, if it had been proves that these three people were struck at Emerita.

These letters are neither numbers nor initiators names of kings, coiners or minting workshops silences, what are etles?

Mr. Deloche sees, in these isolated letters, geographical marks^ like on coins gold in the name of the king of Austrasia, Tlieodebert 1*^ *. a The geographical marks inscribed on the species, declares Teminent academician, designates

1. Memoirttde CAcadimie des Utcriptiont et belies-ieUres, L XXXII, 2* par- lie, p. 26.

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COINTING OF SUFEVES

not the places of origin of the currencies, but the places of origin of the gold sent 6 by localities with a royal pharmacy to be minted, and which would be returned to them in the form of a penny or third penny. As for parts without indications geographical, these would be those that were struck with of Tor provided by the royal treasury. »

Thus in Lusitania, as well as later in Austrasia, the manufacture of coins would have been 6ie centralized in a single monetary hotel, which in Lusitania would have been established in Em^rita.

However, the localities designated by the marks geographical, happen to be precisely those of cities which minted coins in their name, under the Visigoth kings, immediate successors of the Swedish kings.

Whatever the case, these localities must be sought after. naturally among those of Lusitania.

We will propose to give Iminio n** 14, whose geographic mark is an I.

This initiative could designate the city of Iminium, named in the itineraries of Antonin Aemiaium^ but inscribed on the Visigoth Trians under the name of Iminio, identical to that which was given to him by the historians of the Middle Ages. Aeminium, according to Titin^- area of Antonin, located on the Mond^go, at the right oil has since risen to Goimbre. The old Conimbrica occupied the location of Condeixa Veiha, 12 kilometers from present-day Coimbra ^

1. Discoart la, December 18, 1862, at the Real Academia de la Historia, by D. Anreliano Fernandei Gaerra y Orbe, Madrid, 1862.

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A. HEIftS

We have public 'Irians issued to Iminio at name of the Visigothic kings, Reccar^de, Liuva II, Sise- bul and Chintila.

We believe that it is in Lamego that we could give n* 16, of which Imdiceg^ographic is an L. A bishopric nomra^ Lamecum is cited in the divi- sion of Spain into six bishoprics by Constantine *; we found it with the name of Lameco in the distribution of Spain in metropolises and bishoprics of time des Sufeves*, as well as in another document ecclesiastic entitled Merita metropoli subdita^ d\\i' sion made in the time of Uecesvinthe, while Orosose was metropolitan of Merida *. Lamego is still today the seat of a bishopric of the province of Beira in Portugal. Sisebut issued triens to Lamego

As for the letter R, inscribed on the reverse of number 17, we think she is the designer Rusticiana, This town, which no longer exists, was part of the conventus emeritensis, Following Antonin's itinerary, Riisli- ciana was located on the way to Em^rita k Salman- tica, 58 kilometers from Cac6r6s. there remains none other vestige than a remains of a Roman roadway,

1. A. Heits., op. cit., p. 91, pi. ii; p. 97, pi. iii, 5, p. 104, pi. v, 6; p. 114, ft. "VI, 5.

2. Apocryphal document from the 10th century; he mentions tasks which were created after the Visigoth monarchy. (Cf. Florez, E»p. »agr.^ t. IV, Irat. 3, cap. ii, p. 116 to 130.)

3. Document subsequent to the domination of the Visigoths, since it is ^written, & about Calabrica, qu9 apud Golhos postea sedes fail,

4. Authentic document, but lost, from the time of Recesyinthe, during that Oronce was metropolitan of Merida: this remark was made between Tan- born 649, date of the advent of Recesrinthe, and that of 656, during which said Oronce.

5. A. Heiss., op. cU,t p. 105.

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159

route indicated by the itineraries *. We don't have ^ have not yet discovered Visigoth coins with the name of this locality, but it is the only town in Lusitania whose name begins with an R which is mentioned in an old document.

The geographic index of n** 10 can also be an A although a V comes back. Numbers 16 and 17 offering us respectively an L and an R reversed, there is no reason why it is not the same for the V of n* 18, especially since we do not know of Lusitanian locality which carried in Tantiquite or in the Middle Ages a name starting with first letter of the alphabet. We offer in consequence of giving Viseo triens n** 18. According to the ecclesiastical documents cited above Highly apropos of triens no. 16, Viseo was a bishopric suffragan t of Em^rita. Viseu, the ancient Viseo, is still presently an episcopal town in the province from Beira. Sisebut issued three letters to Viseo*.

It is with the greatest reservation that we pro- let us pose these identifications which have been suggested to us by Tantiquity of the localities to which they belong plicate.

III. LATEST GALIGIAN BROADCASTS

20. DIIIVTIITAIFC. Imperial bust, right (Valen- Tinian III).

1. D. Aureliano Fernandes Guerro, op, cU*

2. A. Heiss., op. cit. p. 105, ft. v, 14.

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A.tt£18S

National type; with the exergue: CONOB. Now, triens. (Communication from D. Jos6 Aives Car* neiro.)

It was during the bloody civil wars worked in Galicia and Asturias for six years consecutive, after the death of Ricchiaire, in 457 \ that we propose to place triens n* 20, one of the most barbaric in style and craftsmanship of the entire series sufeve and probably the last one that was struck national type.

We know that after six years of unrest, which we have just alluded to, the brother-in-law of Theodoric II, king of the Visigoths, Remismond, was recognized as leader of all the Sovereigns, and that it is death of this last prince, in 458, which opens in history of the Sufeves, a gap of at least 82 years

1. Ricchiarius, son and successor of Ricchila (see note on p. 16%), tenia, in 456, to conquer Tarraconaise, which made me master of Spain whole, but Theodoric II, king of the Visigoths, wanting to maintain this pro- conquered the emperor Avitus whom he had made mad, gave battle to the Swedish prince, on October 6. h 4 licues of Astorga, near the river Orbigo, in the plain of Paramo. Ricchiaire, completely defeated, fled wounded to Portocale where he was caught. A few days later, Theodoric had him put to death. (Isidore of Seville, loc. cit., g 31.) From then on the Suevi, driven back into Galicia, were reduced to accepting as leader Acliuf who, having tried to make himself independent, is immediately disgraced and deposed. The Visigoth king allowed the Sufevcs to choose sir themselves their sovereign. But they could not agree, two parties were formed and each of them named a king. Maldran and Fratan both dlus. Fratan was not long in being replaced by Remismond who, in 463, after the death of Framarius, successor of Maldran, ta6 in 459, became the only leader of the two parties and died in 468. (Gf. Isid. of Seville, loc. ciL § 31, 32, 88, 89, 90.)

2. Gr^goirc of Tours, in his book of Miracles of the sahUs^ cites a king subve named Carriaric of which no chronograph speaks and which appears reigned dc 550 to 559. We have seen (note 6) that Isidore of Seville passed it under silence and that, from Remismond, he immediately arrives at Theodomir. After this prince died in 569, reigned his son Mir k who passed away, in 583, a son still a child, Eboric, deposed a few months after his accession by

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MONNAYAGK DK8 SLKVE8

161

Here also stops for us the series of coins autonomous of the Suves.

21. DN PLA VALENTIN1ANVS PC. Tiara bust of Valentinian III, right,

J^. Equilateral cross in a laurel wreath laugh; k the exergue: COMOB.

Now, triens. (Communication from Count de Salis.)

One of the numismatists whose work on the classification of barbarian peoples is authoritative, fire the Count of Salis, did not hesitate to place in the series follows the triens n^* 21 and 24 which he had received from Porto. By admitting the hypothesis of the Count of Dirty, these three people would belong to the unknown kings who reigned during the historical gap, at least until 491, since triens n* 24 is in the name and k the effigy of Z6non.

The lapel crowns are no longer on the triens n*** 21 and 24, double like those of the previous reverses- teeth; they are simple and their leaves instead to be pressed against each other (see n®* 1 k 20) so as to form only one mass, are on the contrary, very far apart.

These new setbacks are imitated from the three reproduced ducts n®* 23 and 23, and which are the first to bear the effigy and in the name of Olybrius (472-473) and the second that by Jules N6pos (473474).

Andeca. The holy year, 584, LeoTi'g^ilde, king of the Visigoths, under pretext to come to the aid of Eboric, seizes Andeca » relegates him to his turn in in the monastery, then, without thinking any more about the rights of the jenne Eboric whom he leaves in his course, L^ovig^lde confiscated the kingdom of Su^vet for his own benefit. Isidore of Seville, op. cit., g 90, 91 and 92.) The establishment of Salves in Spain was 175 years old, from 409 & 584,

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163

A.MISS

22. DN ANICIVS OLYBRIVS. Bust diad^m^ of Oly- brius, k right.

9\ Cross in a clavicle wreath; in Texergue, CONOB.

Now, triens. (Amecourt Collection.)

23. DN IVL NEPOS PF AVG. Tiara bust of Jules N6po8, i right.

^\ Similar to the previous one.

While not absolutely rejecting The opinion of the former curator of the currencies of the British Museum, we will point out that the species Byzantines are not rare neither in Spain nor in Portugal. equal and that the two triens of Oporto, nos. 21 and 24, do not bear no sign, no indication denoting a Swedish manufacturing rather than another. Wouldn't it be not allowed to think, would it not be probable even, after the advent of Remismond, prince related to the Visigoths and their creature, the Sufeves, reduced to their small possessions of Galicia and the Asturias, barely existing as a nation, have abandoned from then on their old national type for slavishly copy the species of their powerful neighbors?

Nos. 25 to 33, despite their unequal diameters, are thirds of a gold penny of the same average weight. They represent the different phases of the middle Visigothic age from 491 until the end of the monarchic of the Sufeves, in 584, and are with effigies and in the names of Anastasius (n* 34), of Justin (n** 26), of Justinian I", from n** 27 to 33; on the latter, we

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reads for the first time the name of a barbarian king inscribed on a gold coin k Teffigy of an emperor.

All these three people have on the reverse the singular and large Victory hat, degeneration of impervious reverses rials, Victory to which we recognize, at first 'view, the Visigothic species of this period. It is among these different gold currencies that must be the triens 6 issued by the successions sisters of Remismond, but that their identity with the Visigothic Trians will probably always prevent to distinguish. When L6ovigilde annexed, almost without striking a blow, the kingdom of the Sufeves, there was It’s been a long time since the coins of the victors and the vanquished were confused.

The thirds of sufeves are in good quality gold; well preserved, they weigh 1 gr. 50. The Roman pound is approximately 325 grams*; it therefore contains 316 triens and 72 sous. This is the size of triens and Imperial gold coins from the time of the Suevi.

In summary, the Sueves had, defied the origin of their coinage, a monetary type affirming their nationality nality. He disappeared around the reign of Remismond, and since then, the Sueves, until the end of their monarchy, slavishly copied Visigothic species.

Their coinage only lasted in Lusitania 27 years, from 430 to 457; but in Galicia they continue nuferent of 411 k 584, term of the power of Su^ves in Spain.

A. Heiss.

1. Velochef Description of a CSpo^ue carolin^fenne weight, p. 3, note.

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Suiie de$ roU Follow^9, AimimM and Vandaies

Suins wood

KINGS AXJUHS

411-441 Hermanric 441-448 Ricchila 448-458 Richiaire 468-457 FraUn 457-459 Maldran 459-459 Framariat 459-468 Remitmond 488-550 Ueune > 550-559 Carriaric 559-569 Thiodemir 569-583 Mir

583-584 Eboric

584-585 Andeca

411-415 Respandial 415-418 Atax

477-484 Hanneric 484-496 GanthamoDd 496-523 Thrascimond

409-411 Godegisj^Ie 411-427 Godderic 427-429 G«iis^ric 429-477 Id.

523-531 Hilderic 531-534 G«limer

BOI8 DK8 TAIfDAXM

enEapagna

in Africa.

1. In a version of Spain in English in the time of Wamba, documentary ment apocrypha da xii* if^le attributes & I'^T^ae d^Ori^o, Pelayo, we placed^ between Remismond and Carriaric two kings, Ricchila and Tsudemo? (D; in the TIC of Saint Vincent, ahhi, martyrize in Aon, there is still talk of deox other Tuev kings, HKEiiiifKRic and Ricilibn. c These kings, added the aateors of the Art of verifying the dales ^ pearent to fill the void which lies between Remismond and Carriaric. » Mr. Arthur Engel recently published in the Beige numismatic magazine the design of a third of a gold penny, preserves aa Has^ from Madrid; he attributes it, according to the legend which he reads: DEODIAZ GAREIGES- CAV, k a sufeve king, entirely unknown, DEODIASCA. This d^oyerie, you- before Mr. Engel, “comes to put an end to the widespread opinion that the kings followed me "I will never have your name on gold coins." Unfortunately the Iriens da Museum of Madrid appears to us to be one of these gold coins, struck in the Peninsula or other part, by the barbarian peoples of y* on da n* sitele, whose the coins, roughly imitated from the imperial coins, do not offer, in their inscriptions, only shapeless debris of Ugendes that they do not understand are no longer born.

THE BOOK

DUHAMEL CHANGER

(Continued)*

ITALY

Bologna.

u Ducatz de Mantua forged by the Marquis of Mantua called to Johannes bentivoUes second marquis of Boulogne and for “then calls emperor second maximilian, from the pitch of five in denarii ten grains gold in twenty and troys karactz troys quurs and « vault the course piece v« and twenty. iiii 1. iii s. t. » (f* 19.)

•lOANNES-BENTIVO-LVS-II-BONONIENSIS.

Bust to the right.

^. MAXIMILIANI— IMPERA-MVNVS. Ecu ecar- tel6, sum of a helm surmounted by an eagle.

Double sequin by Jean II Bentivoglio (f 1508)*.

Catalog Welzlde Wellenheinij II, I'^part, 4599.

a Simple ducat forged by the said marquis and emperor of a pitch of two deniers seventeen grains gold of twenty and troys kuractz at troy quarters vault the coin at the gold rate v*' and xx.

“XLi s. VI d. t. » (P» 19.)

lOANNES-BENTIVOLVS-II-BONONIEN. Bust right V

1. See below, Hevue numUmalique, 1891, p. 60.

2. The Teutonic exit has the same types and Ugendet.

3. The cabinet of medals of France postulates a variety of this world born with BONO.

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166 J.-A. tLANCUBT

^\ MAXIMILI-ANI-MVNVS. ECU ^cartele, sur-

mounted with an eagle.

“Demys ducatz forged by the said lord and marquis and empe- "reur of the pitch of a denier nine grains twelve quarubles gold a “twenty and troys quaractz troys quars vault the piece at the price of “of the gold rate v*= el xx. xx s. ix d. t. » (P* 19.)

•lOANNMI-BENTIVOLO. Quartered shield. IX.MA-XIMILIANI-IMPERA-MVN-VS-MCCCC — LXXXX— nil in six lines.

“Double ducat of Boulogne of the pitch of five deniers ten “gold grains at twenty and troys karactz troys quars vault the coin took lessons from lor v* and xx. iiii 1. iii s. t. » (P* 7.)

Double sequin by Jean II Bentivoglio. Bellini, IV, 25; Morbio catalog, Hi9.

a Let us test Muntue of pitch of eight deniers xii grains. “Course Vault x s. t. » (P* vii»«ix.)

Half-teston of John II. Identical right and back to those of the double sequin at the head.

“Ducatz de Boulogne forge by ung due calls auger “pitch of two denarii seventeen grains or twenty and troys “karactz troys quars vault the piece taking gold v* and xx.

a XLi s. VI d. t. » (f*»36)«.

S-PETRVS-bE—BONONIA. Saint Peter standing 9*. BONONIA-tlOCEr. Lion standing with leten- dart. Sequin.

a Ducatz others from Boulogne forged by Pope Leon “dixiesmCf” same weight, title and value. (P* 36,)

Sequin by L6on Cinagli, n* 21.

1. In the ordinance of 1540, this amounted to 46 sous S deniers. U is even a few other florins whose value is 41 s. 6 d. in our roanuscript.

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THE BOOK OF CHANGEVR DUHAMBL

167

F err are.

“Gross of ferrare of pitch of eight deniers and forge for ten “solz tournaments. And are good at heart provided that they are of “pitch. » (P* vii"v.)

TesionAxy due Hercules (1471-1505).Vincenzo Bellini, Delle monete di Ferrara^ Ferrara, 1761, p. 138, III.

cc Gros de Montferrat, which are nine denier pitch and « vault the piece x s. t. (P* » vi"xiiii.)

Teston with bearded bust of Alfonso I (1505-34); Bellini, 191, n^ V.

Florence.

at Ducatz forged in Fleurence with the arms of the pitch crescent “of two deniers seventeen grains gold to twenty and troy quaractz at troy quars is worth the coin at the gold rate v* and xx.

“XLi s. VI d. t. » (P» 37.)

Florin. Above the right hand of Saint John an oval crest bearing two saltire keys, a label and a croissant. To the left of Tecu, an A. This mark is given, in the year 1478, by Orsini, History of the money delta Repubblica fiorentina^ Florence, 1760, p. 245.

tt Ducatz others forge audict country of Florence with the arms of in Lyon of pitch of two deniers and sixteen grains,” same title and “price. (f^37.)*

1. In TordonnaBce of 1540, the testimonies of the same beardless prince are there 10 seconds. 8 deniers.

2. The ordinance of 1540 gives a similar florin the value of 46 s. 9 deniers. In the public Cry des Monoyes & Poitiers on December 29, 1516, without figures (BB. N. Reserve F 2167), the ducats of Yenise, Florence and Gdnes (without other denomination) yalent 37 under 6 deniers.

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168 J.-A. BLAKCflfiT

Florin. The crest bears a lion. This brand is perhaps the one given by Orsini, in the year 1479 {op, laud., p. 247).

Lucca.

« Ducatz forged by Luc due de Millan in the land of pitch “of two deniers seventeen grains gold to twenty and troys karactz at three quarters the coin is given the gold rate v*" and ^x.

a XLI s. VI d. t. B (0 » 35 .

S VVLTVS LVCA. Bust of Christ draped and front crown; to the right of the head, near the neck ronne, a small oval escutcheon with little coat of arms distinct.

^. -S-MA RriNV S. Saint Martin on horseback leaves- giant his inanteau with a poor man. See Koehler, Ducaten^Cabinet, n** 2534.

Mantua.

Without text. 41.)

FRANCISCVS-MAR-MANTVE Q\AR=F. Cooked bust shaggy with long hair.

Small monstrance D PROBASTI MET COGNO- VISTI M. A bundle of metal rods in the middle of flames. Gold, 22 mill. Cf. Morbio Catalogue, no. 1717.

a Gros de Mantuve from the pitch of nine deniers forge for ten “solz lournois who are good to collapse as long as they “be of pitch. » (f* vi"xv.)

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THE BOOK OF GHANGRVR DtltAMEL 169

FR-MAR-MANTVE-IIII. Bearded bust, cuirass^, a long hair.

9*. l>•PROBASTI•M•ET•COGNOVISTI•^E. Crucible to the fire.

Teston of Jean-Francois II de Gonzague, marquis of Mantua (1484-1519); variety of No. 1720 from Cata- Morbio log^ 1882.

a Gross of the Franciscan emperor of the pitch of Vni d. t. xn grains a vault t. » f* viu"x.)

FRANCISCVS-AAR-AANT-IIII.Bustecuirass6,with

pointed beard and long hair, right.

1^'. *XPI*IHESV*SANGVINIS. Monstrance.

Arg,, 27 mill. Teston of the same prince; cf. n*" 1722 from the Morbio Catalogue.

Messerano.

Shield of Louis II Fieschi; I promise, Monete delle zecche di Messerano e Cremcuore^ 1869, pi. iii, n** 10.

Milan.

at Ducatz forge at Millan in the country called the pitch of two “deniers seventeen grains gold at twenty and troys karactz troys quars vaulted the piece for gold v^ and twenty courses

“XLi s. VI d. t. » (f»35.)

Ducat de Galeas-Marie Sforza, due (1468-1476); F. and E. Gnecchi, Le monete di Milano, 1884, pi. xiii, n^ 9.

1891 — 6 12

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170

J. -A. BLANCHBT

“Another large forge audict Millan dudict ninepence pitch “the big ones as you said above are good to melt and prin- to take care of those who are here to be killed. Makes winning on « marc daventaige that the setting in what there are ii s. vi d. at most “low, valient ton lesdicts gros a x s. t. » (f* vi"xiii)

Teston of the same due; Gnecchi, pi. xiv, 1. Incomplete text. vi«vi.)

Roughly of the same reason; Gneeehi, pi. xiv, n"* 7.

a Gros calls Gros de Millan this obstinate name which is forged “from Marguerite Duchess of Flanders which are good at “melt in tocasion which are good money from the pitch of new “deniers el vault the coin ten solz toumois. » (f* vi"xuii.)

Teston of Bonne and Jean-Gal6as (1476-1483); Gnecchi, pi. xv, 2.

a Another big one from Millan forged by Loys Sforce of pitch abovedict are good to melt provided who weigh their pitch and “the said dits are worth ten solz toumois piece. » (P»vi»xv.)

Teston of Jean-Galeas under the tutelage of his uncle

Louis the Moor (1476-1494); Gnecchi, pi. xvi, n* 2,

with head on each side.

a Another bulk of the said duchy of Millan of pitch and value « abovedicU. x s. t. » (f* vi«xiii.)

Teston of Jean-Galeas under the tutelage of his uncle; Gnecchi, pi. xvi, n^ 3, with T^cu quartered.

“Ducat doble de Millan forges for four pounds troys gold sols a to twenty and troys karactz troys quarts of pitch of five denarii “ten grains vault of course of present the said sum of v*^ and xx “[sic), nn 1. HI s. t. » (P» 3.)

1. The istons of Galeas Marie Srorxa and Louis Ic Maure Talent dix solz 8 deniers in the Ordinance on Coins of 1540. In 1543, the coins were tested Tslent 11 sounds. In the Cry des monoye$ idWA & Poitiers, December 29, 1516 (BB. N. Reserve F. 2167], the bulk of Milan (without any other denomination) was there 8 under 6 deniers.

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THE BOOK OF THE CHAXGEUR DUHAMEL 171

Double ducat of Louis the Moor (1494-1500); Gnecchi, pi. xvii, n** 2.

“Forge a lot of ninepence pitch at Millan and which a big when they poise the said they are good to melt, worth

“X s. t. » (f* VI"XIII.)

Teston of Louis the Moor, Gnecchi, pi. xvii, n** 4.

a Another thousand piece having the cross made in the manner of “this is the first present figure^ and a la pille ung ecussura was crowned repeatedly with three fleur-de-lys and two angels of the at two sides and says the letter Ludovic * of the pitch of [in white) and of “loy of five deniers ten eight grains fine. » (P* vi"vi.)

Without a figure,

Montferrat.

(( Double ducat forged by Guillaume macquis de ferrare du at pitch of five deniers ten gi'ains or at twenty and troys karactz “troy quars vault the piece at the price of the body of gold v<^ and xx.

« iiii 1. Ill s. t. » (0» 8.)

Double ducal of William II, marquis (1494-1518). D. Promis, Monete del Paleologi, marchesi di Mon- fenato, Turin, 1858, pi, iv, n**G.

at Gros de Ferrara from the pitch of seven eslellins and vault ladicte xc piece viii s. vi d. » (f* vi'^'xii.)

Teston of the same prince; I promise, pi. iv, n** 6.

a Escuz du Roy des Rouraains otherwise called escuz Jehan to Jacques of the pitch of two deniers sixteen grains or of twenty-one “karact vaults the coin at the gold rate v*^ and xx.

“xxxv s. t. » (P* vni"xv.)

Shield of Boniface II (1518-1530; Promis, pi. v, n^ 2.

1. The figure of the gro$$o by Gal6as-Marie Sforza.

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172 J. -A. BLANCHBt

Reggio Lombardy.

a Ducat forged by the due dallefonce troysiesme of this name gold of pitch of two deniers xvii grains gold of twenty and troys karactz “troy quars are worth the coin at the gold rate v* and xx.

“XLi s. VI d. t. » (P» 21.)

ALFONSVS-bVX-III- Armored bust, bare head. S-PROSPER-EPS-REGII. The saint seated holding a stick. Below, Texergue, 6 oval crest bearing both a cross (arms of the city).

Golden Ducat of Alphonse d'Este (1505-1512). D. Promise, Monete dizecche italiane^ 1867, p. 56, pi. vii, No. 71.

Rome.

a Ducatz de Romme forged by Pope Nicholas the fifth “quiesme of pitch of two denarii seventeen grains gold at twenty and “troys karactz troys quars vault the coin at the price of gold a v*^ and twenty. xli s. vi d. t. » (P* 23.)

Sequin of Nicholas V, pope (1447-1455); Cinagli, Le Monete dei Papi^ 1848, n® 1.

“Double ducatz forged by Pope Peaone [sic) second of J) pitch of five deniers ten grains gold at twenty and troys karactz at three quarters the said coins are worth at the gold rate v® a and XX. nil 1. HI s. t. » (f* 5.)

Doublesequin of Paul II (1464-1471); Cinagli, n^ 11.

“Ducatz forged in Romme by Pope Paul II of this in the name of pitch of two deniers seventeen grains gold of twenty and

Sequin of Paul II; variety of Cinagli, n*" 13, with PAVLVS.

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THE BOOK OF THE CHANGER DLHAMEL 173

a Ducatz others forge the said Romme by the said Pope Paul, » same weight, liter and value. (f* 38.)

Sequin of Paul II (1464-71); Cinagli, 12.

a Double ducats forged by Pope Sixth quarter from the pitch of

« iiii 1. Ill s. t. » (r» 4.)

Double sequin of Sixtus IV (1471-84); Cinagli, 2.

“Ducat forged by Pope Sixtus the fourth of this name “pitch of two denarii seventeen grains or twenty and troys “karactz troys quars vault the coin at the price of gold v* “and XX. XLi s. VI d. t. » (f* 9.)

Sequin of Sixtus IV; Cinagli, n** 3.

“Ducat forged by Pope Innocent eight* of this name,” same weight, title and value.

Sequin of Innocent VIII (1484-1492); Cinagli, n** 3.

a thousand 1. IIII s. t. » (f* 6.)

Double sequin of Alexander VI (1492-1503); Cinagli, 2.

Below, the following note:

a It should be noted that the money changers hardly worry about the dictates a ducatz sy are only of pitch for four livres tournaments because 0 there is no acceptance. »

“Ducat forged by Pope Alexander the First [sic] of this “name of pitch of two deniers seventeen grains gold at twenty and troys a karactz troys quars vault the coin at the price of gold v*^ a and XX. XLI s. VI d. t. » (f* 9.)

Sequin of Alexander VI; Cinagli, n^ 2.

Note that the ducatz above are not from Irop “grand raise as long as they do not weigh the pitch above the dictates and do not

Digitized by

174 J. -A. BLANCttET

“we take it when there is waste other than the said pitch only for “forty solz tournaments. »

« Ducatz others from Romme forge by Pope Julie “two years of pitch of two deniers seventeen grains gold at twenty « and troys karactz troys quars vault the piece at the price of “lor cinq centes et ung. XLi s. vi d. t. » (f* 23.)

Sequin of Julius II, pope (1503-1513); variety of Cinagli, n** 5, with the following ^:

IVLIVS-II-BRIDGE-MAX. Delia family crest Uoverre surmounts keys and tiara in a quatrefoil.

Below the figure we find the following Tavis:

Note that when they do not weigh their pitch commonly for "what they have put back to a grain of remedy, because they should “weigh two deniers and eighteen, they weigh only the salvation which is “two denarii and seventeen, let Ion take them only for forty “solz tournez and xx, when they weigh only two “deniaries seventeen.”

— “Ducatz others forged by Pope Julius from the pitch of two “deniers seventeen grains gold at twenty and troys karactz troys quars “vault the piece at the price of gold v'^ and xx. xli s. vi d. t. » (f* 33.)

Sequin of Julius II; Cinagli, n* 5.

« Ducatz others forged by the said Juie second pontifex “maximus of pitch of five deniers ten grains gold at twenty and troys “karactz troy quarters are worth of course to the equippolent of gold v* at etxx. nn 1. nor s. t. » (P»6.)

Double sequin of Julius II; Cinagli, n** 2.

“Ducatz forged by Pope IIule second,” same weights, title and value. (P* 6).

Double sequin of Julius II; Cinagli, n** 1.

“Doble ducat of Pope Julie forged for four pounds troys “solz or a twenty and troys karactz and vault the said sum in pitch “of five deniers ten grains. ini 1. ui s. t. (P* 2.)

Digitized by

THE BOOK OF THE DUHAMEL CHANGER 175

Sequin of Julius II, for Bologna, with the arms of Cardinal Francesco Alidosio; Cinagli, n® 7.

a Ducat forged by Pope Leo tenth of this name, pitch “of five deniers ten grains gold to twenty and troys karactz troys “quars vault of course at the time of course and xx.

« nil 1. in s. t. » (f* 17.)

Double sequin L^onX, pope (15 13-1522); Cinagli, Le Monete dei Papi, 1848, n* 2.

“Ducatz forged from Pope Leo the tenth of this nora, of to the weight of two deniers and seventeen grains or to twenty and troys a karactz troys quars vault the piece taking gold v*^ and xx.

“XLi s. VI d. t. » (f* 33).

Sequin by L6on variety of Cinagli, nos. 6 and 7.

“Ducatz others forged by the said Pope Leo the tenth”, same weight, title and value. (f* 33.)

Sequin by Leon Cinagli, n"* 7.

“Ducatz de Romme forged by Pope Leon dexime i>, same weight, title and value (f" 24).

Sequin by L6on Cinagli, n^ 8.

“Ducat coined by Pope Leo tenth of this name;* same weight, title and value. (f* 21

Sequin by L6on X, for Modena; Cinagli, n** 22. Saluzzi.

fit Ducatz of Constance forge by Loys Alutiarum macquis “pitch of two denarii seventeen grains or twenty and troys “karactz troys quars vault the coin at the gold rate v*^ and “twenty.” XLI s. VI d. t. » (r» 22.)

•LVbOVICVS-M-S-ALVTIARVM. Cuirass bust6 with long hair and cap on the edge of which is a tr^fl^e cross.

Digitized by

176 J. -A. RLANCHET

9'. -SANCT-CONSTANTIVS. Ecu leans on- mounts a half-crowned eagle, between •L-and*M- Or, Louis II, marquis (1475-1504)*.

“Escuz of the Marquis of Saluce calls Michel du poix de deux “deniers sixteen grains gold at twenty el two karactz and a half vault the “piece taken from the course and xx. xxx viii s. t. » (P* vumii.)

MICHAEL-ANT-MARCHIO-SALVTIARVM.\ Ai- crowned stone, with ^cu in heart; above, a sun.

9-. * XPS- REX- VENIT- IN -PACE- ET- HOMO- FACT-EST- Fleurdelisee cross. Shield of Michel Anthoine, marquis (1504-1528).

Siena.

at Ducatz forge at Sene pitch of two deniers seventeen grains “gold at twenty and troys quaractz troy quars vault the coin at the price “of the gold rate v*^ and twenty. xli s. vi d. t. » (f* 24.)

Shield with a sort of inverted trident6, like different from the master of the coin; D. Promise, Moneie delta republica di Siena^ 1868, pi. iii, no. 38.

“Ducatz de Sene from the pitch of two deniers and eighteen grains,” mimes tilre and value.

ECU; variety with a world for different; Promise, ft. Ill, No. 39.

Savoy,

“Ducatz forged in Savoye by Charles due to the said country ff so-called partly prince and great governor of the Itales du a pitch of two deniers seventeen grains gold of twenty and troys karactz at troy quarters vault the coin at the gold rate v*= and xx.

“XLI s. VI d. t. » (P» 39.)

1. The French medal cabinet has a variety of this piece with SANCWS and the right side.

Digitized by

THE LlVnn OF CHANCEL II DLHAMEL

177

KflROLVS'bVX-SJiBJiVbie. The due weapon, gallo- pant on horseback.

I^*. m:ftRGbIO-IR IT31LI31 PRIRS'. Ecu leans and lieaume between F6— RT, in an environment of lobes and angles.

Shield of Charles l°^ 1482-1490. Variety of: I promise, Monete dei Reali di Savoia, 1841, pi. x, n** 1.

0 Savoye testons of pitch of seven deniers twelve grains and “are forged in this country for ten sols mcs in France we do not took only for ix s. vi d. t. » (P*vii"vi.)

Teston of Charles 1"; I promise, pi. x, n" 8.

“Ducatz iiultres forge this country of Savoye by the due “Phillebert due to the said eighth country of this name of the pitch of “two deniers seventeen grains gold at twenty and troys karactz troys at quarters vault the coin at the gold rate v* and twenty.

“XLis. VI d. t. » (^^39.)

Shield of Philibert II (1497-1504); I promise, pi. xiii, No. 3.

“Escuz forged by the due Charles de Savoye second of the “pitch of two deniers and sixteen grains of gold with twenty-two karactz and “demy vaults the coin at the gold rate v*= and xx.

a XL s. t. » ((^ vni"xix).

* •: lA:l>OMINO:FACTVM:EST: ISTVD.Cavalier. 9'. *KAROLVS:t)VX:SABAVbIE:SECONbV.Ecu between FE-RT, .

Digitized by

178 i.-A. BLAMCHBT

6cu from Charles 11 (1504-1553); variety of: Monete inedite del Piemonte pubUcate da Dom. PromiSy sup- plemtnio^ Turin, 1866, pi. ii, n* 16, p. 11.

Two Sicilies.

« Dacatz do Roy frederic due de Millan da poix de deux “deniers sixteen grains gold twenty and troys karactz troys quars “vault the coin at the price of gold and xx.

“XLi s. VI d. t. » (f» 25.)

* FEbERICVSSbEKGSREXSSUHIERV. Bust armed and crowned; behind, V.

^r. CONFIRM ESSVSNOSE2M. Ecu leaning^, sur- mounted with a helm.

Ducat of Fr^d^ric III (1496-1501); variety of: A. Heiss, Monedas hispano-christianas^ t. II, pi. 123, 1.

Without text. (f* i39.)

Golden ducat of Alfonso V, king of Sicily (1435-1458); Heiss, t. n, pl. 118, n^3.

Without text. ^29.)

* lOANNESSbSGSRSSICILIESETS ARAG. The

prince seated between and 'C^ (assayor's marks?).

ACS ATENARVM SETS NEOPATRIESbSAigle employee working the head.

Gold, 25 mill. John II, king of Sicily (1458-1479); variety de Heiss, t. II, pi. 119, nM.

Urbino.

“Ducatz forge from the due Urbino the pitch of two deniers « seventeen grains of gold at twenty and troys karactz troys quars vault the “coin at price and gold rate v® and xx. XLi s. vi d. t. » (P* 43.)

Digitized by

THE BOOK DV CHAXGEUR DUHAMEL 179

Ducat of Francesco-Maria I della Rovere, due (1508-1513); of. Ant. Zanetti, Nuom Raccolta delle monete e zecche (Vltalia^ Bologna, 1775, vol. I, p. 51, nMl.

“Ducatz others forge by the said due Urbin,” memes weight, liter and value. (f* 43.)

Ducat of the same prince, with the helmeted bust; variety of Zanetti, p. 51, n** 1, with the legend: S-R-E-CAPGEN-SVB-LEO-X-PON-MX.

Viges^ano,

0 Escuz Jehan Jacques otherwise called Esmaux Croisetle du “pitch of two deniers sez grains of gold has twenty-two karactz and half vaulted the coin at the gold rate v'^ and xx.

“xxxvni s. t. » (r* vin"xvii).

Shield of Jean-Jacques Trivulce, marquis (1487-1519); F. and E. Gnecchi, Le monete dei Trimlzio^ Milan, 1887, ft. 1, nM.

“Escuz de Millan of the pitch of two deniers and six grains of gold “twenty-two and a half karactz are worth the said coins has taken de lor v«etxx. xl s. t. » wine"n^).

Shield of the same marquis; Gnecchi, pi. i, n** 3.

“Good obolles from Jehan Jacques of the weight of two deniers “twelve grains of gold at eighteen karactz and a half vault the said piece “of course v* and xx. xxx s. t. » (f* 48.)

Sequin from the same marquis; variety of Gnecchi, pi. i, n^ 5, with lO-IA-TRI- etc.

« Gros de Jehan Jacques dudict weight of sixt estellins vault the « piece X 8. t. » (r*vi»xn.)

Gnecchi, pi. i, n** 7.

1. The coins of this category should have the same value as those which pr^Ment since the weight and the title are the monies.

Digitized by

180

J. -A. BLANCHET

SWITZERLAND.

Bdle.

it Good shells of Millan forged by the due Maxilian of 0 pitch of two deniers twelve grains gold at eighteen karadz and “demy vaults the piece at the price v“ and xx. xxx s. t. » (P* 100.)

Guilder from 1516. Haller SchweizerLsches Miinz^und Medaillen-Kabinet, Bern, 1780-81, 1518.

“—a Good”. (f 54.)

Florin with the name of Frederic III; variety of n'»2644by Koehler with: MORevA- RO* B7rSILIGR\ 1^. * FRIDRiaVS ROMARO IMPA.

Freiburg.

“Gros de Frambourc of the pitch of eight deniers and forge for has ten solz tournaments and are said to be the big ones to melt down provided “let them be pitch.” x s. t. » (f* vii^iiii)

oSANCTVS*NICOLAVS. The saint seated facing.

fjf. * MONETA*NOVA*FRIBVRGEN\ Chateau a three towers, the middle one surmounted by an eagle. Under the base, a crescent.

Dicken undated, Haller variety, no. 1663.

St. Gallen.

“Another large forge in Saint Otismare * in Flanders of weight

1. In the Cry of* monoyes 4dit^ k Poitiers on December 29, 1516 (BB. N. Rdserve F 2167], the big testons of Milan, Fribourg, Berne and other AJle- magne are also worth 10 solz tournaments piece.

2. Cite singular attribution Due to the fact that the piece bears a name of

holy: ST^'NGTVS O'TbJnT^RVS.

Digitized by

LB BOOK OF CHANGBUtl DUflAMEL

« abovedict and forge for ten solz tournaments and are thedictz big good ones provided with pitch. x s. t. » (f* vii"iiii) ^ .

Quarter of Thaler with SAQTI*GALI, variety of Haller, 1869. Catal. Thomson, 4235.

Lausanne.

« Big of (in white) forge for troys solz pitch tournaments a de (in white) and de loy a (in white) And are at the mark of (in a white) The marc vault (in white). » (f*vi".)

Pidce of two large ones from Aymon de Montfaucon, 6bishop of Lausanne (1491-1517). A. Morel-Fatio, World History. of L., 1476-1588, pi. ii, 3; variety with EPICOPVS.

Zion.

Another large forge at Sainct Theofr from the above-mentioned pitch. And

Teston or dicken of T^vfeque Nicolas Schinner (1496-1499). Haller, no. 2224; M. de Palezieux, Numis- matic of Valais of H57 d 1780, BullL of the Soc. Suisse de num., V, 1886, p. 40, no. 23.

a Escuz de Suisse of pitch and forge for two denarii seze “grains of gold at twenty-two karactz and a half are worth the saidz cscuz “taking course v“ and xx. xl s. t. » (f* viii«ii.)

1. In the ordinance of 1540, the tests are of the same type dated 1513, Talent 10 under 8 deniers. It is the same for the Friborg testons and of Zion. In the ordinance on the exchange of currencies made in Paris in 1549, the same Talent coins 11 under 4 deniers, after having been worth 11 sous in 1546.

Digitized by

182 J. -A. BLANCHfiT

Sun: ♦: MONETX ♦: NO: ♦: SVIYENSIS: *.

Shield (full silver^ surmounted^ by a double eagle crowned.

^r. * SALVE-CRVX-SAMCTA AND-BENEDICT.

Fleurdelisee cross.

Variety of Koehler, Ducaten-Cabinet, n** 2662; Haller, No. 1219.

Uri el Untenvald. “Another escuz from Switzerland. » Same weight, titer and value.

(fb Viii«„ )

Shield in the sunL Koehler, 2666; Haller, 1192.

Uri^ Schwyz and Untenvald.

“Escuz de Millan forgeez for thirty six solz and out of course “for forty gold.” has twenty-two karactz and pitch of two a estellins ung fellin. » (P* viii"ni.)

% * SVRARieSSVVITSGTSVRDERVALb. ECU of Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden. Above, double crowned eagle, surmounted by two saltire keys next to, above, a sun*.

^, * sTCLve % GRVx ; STCRarjf i % BenebiaY i

Fleurdelisee cross.

1. The legcnde of law begins with a cross and not with a year like the drawing indicates & wrong.

Digitized by

LB LIVRB OF DUHAMEL CHANGER 183

Shielded in the sun, unknown to Haller and to M. le D*" Th. von Liebenau, Die von Uri^ SchiVJ/z und Unienvalden gemeinschaftlich gepragten Munzen^ in the Bull, of the Soc. Suisse de num., VII, 1888 (cf. p. 113-114).

GERMANY (PRINCES). Empire.

Without text. (P>137.)

Gold coin of Louis IV of Bavaria (1314-1327- 1347). Cappe, Die Mlinzen der deutschen Kaiser und Kcenige des Mitielaliers, 1848-57, XII, 190.

Without text. (f 105.)

Gold Real of Maximilian (1493-1519) for 1487; Koehler, Ducaten-Cabinet, No. 8.

o Piece of King Maximilian roy des Remains du poix de xix et has a quarter estellins and forged for sixty solz tournaments.

“Lx s. t. » (P> vi«vni.)

Double thaler of Maximilian for 1509; Schulthess- Rechberg, Thaler-^Cabinet, 1840, n^ 27.

Austria.

at Ducat another forge at the place of Hungary of the pitch of two “deniers seventeen grains gold at twenty and troys karactz troys quars vaulted the coin at the price of gold and xx.

a XLi s. VI d. t. » (f 42.) blVVS LEVPOLbVS-M-b-XVI. The standing saint holding a ^standard and a church.

IMP C-MAXIMILI-AVG9. 6cartele shield, coated ronn6.

Digitized by

184 J. -A. whitexhkt

Florin of Maximilian (1493-1519); variety of n"2012 by Koehler.

Baden.

“Good ones. » (f* 66.}

Florin (F gold of Christoph I, Margrave of Baden (1475-1515); vari(5t(5 of Koehler n* 1709, with

“Bad. n (P* 96.)

Florin of the same prince, with BAbSR on the right. See Berstett, Mrmzgesc/iic/ue des Zdhringenbadischen Fiirstenhauses, Freiburg, 1846, pi. i, 37.

Bas^iere,

“Obolle bandeberl due from Bavaria from the pitch of two deniers at twelve grains or at xix karactz el vault the piece at the price “v*= and XX. XXX s. t. » 100.)

Florin of Albert IV the Wise, due of Loule la Bavaria (1505-1508), dates from 1506; Koehler, Due- Cab., No. 2046.

Brandenburg,

“Good obolles of Friborg from the pitch of two deniers and twelve “gold grains at eighteen karactz and half vault the said piece in « took course v« and xx. xxx s. t. » (P* 46.)

Florin of Frederic and Sigismund, margraves of Brandenburg (1486-1495); Koehler, Duc.-Cab., nM715; variety with SVVOBTCGb.

Hesse.

“Good. » (C* 54.)

Digitized by

THE BOOK WHERE CHANGED by DUHAMEL 185

Florin of William II, Landgrave of Hesse-Cassel (1493-1509); variety of Koehler's 1908, with

i>evsnssoLV-:fili>OR7rB. 1507.

Without legend. 54.)

Florin of William I and Philip (1509-1567); variety of Koehler No. 1909 with: VVILbfiL Z

Cloves.

“Bad” (f* 94, and a similar one 96.)

Florin of John P% due of Cleves and Mark (1448- 1481); variety of Koehler No. 1895 with MORfi- NO-AV Re VVeSALie (Wesel Workshop).

. Without text. {(^ 97.)

•IObS''l>VX-G-LIVe-Z-aO-512\ Saint John standing above Tecu de Cloves.

ly. mOUe-UOVA-TiVm [emm\ Ecu from Cleves and Mark on a pattee cross cutting the legend.

Florin of John II, due of Cleves (1481-1521), strikes to Emmerich.

“Phlippus descomay call in allement of the pitch of two

Double florin of John II; variety of n** 1898 of Koehler, with: IObS'-l>VX-GLeve*S'Z-GO MiR \

Juliers.

(t Bad.” (f* 94.)

1. We understand, by seeing the end of the legend, how the editor of the manuscript could read etcomay,

1891 — 6 13

Digitized by

186 J. -A. BLAKCHBT

Florin to Saint Hubert, of Guilaume IV, due of Juliers (1475-1511), struck at Mohlheim; cf. Kcehler, Duc.-Cab., 1965.

— “Good. » (f^ 95.)

lOblS-bVX-IVL-Z-snO-a JR*. Eve^quedemferer^cu 6cartel6.

9'. snOR*- -TCVRe- •ReRe^SM514. In a qua- drilobe, 6cn 6cartel6 of Clfeves, Juliers, Berg and Mark, surrounded by the 6 crowns of Mainz, Treves, Cologne and Bavaria.

Florin of Jean 111, due of Juliers (1511-1521).

a —

Florin of Guiilaume IV, due of Juliers (1475-15H), dated 1502; \ariet6 of catalog n** 6921 Garlhcy avee Z»MO*.

Ostfrise.

Without text. 77.)

*e'RO*GO*-FRISIG-Or(rG*TflL.SaintJeandebout; in front of his feet, ecu cartel^; in 1 and 4 has a lion; in 2 and 3 has a harpy.

^r.^F P e t) RG V S • RO M ARO R V: I M P: In a trilobe, cruciger globe.

Florin d'Enno P', Count of Ostfrise (1466-1491); variety of Koehler No. 2408.

Without text. 98.)

Another florin of EnnoP'; Catalog Welzlde Wellen- heim^ n** 4691.

Without text. 60.)

Digitized by

THE BOOK OF CUANGEVR DUHAMEL

187

★mo* » no* flV ♦ a OI “Goose” PHR* Christ seated; below, shielded by a harpy.

IV. ♦M:fliXIMILI7CR-ROM7CRO' RGX. Imperial globe in a trilobe.

Florin of Edzard P^ count of Ostfrise (1491-1528); varia^ of Koehler's 2411.

Palatinate.

“Good mesh forged by francoys due de brant du poix de two deniers twelve grains gold eighteen karactz and half vaull “the coin takes the gold rate v“ and xx. xxx s. t. » (P* 51)

Florin of Frederic P% Count Palatine of the Rhine (1449-1476), struck at Bacharach; Cat, Gart/ie, No. 7286.

— Good. » (f> 94.)

Florin of Philip, Count Palatine (1476-1508), dat^ of 1500; Catalog Gar the, 7295.

Pom^ranie.

a Obey of Athens of pitch of two denarii twelve grains gold a “nineteen karactz and vault the coin at the price of gold v“and “twenty.” xxx s. t. » {f» 100.)

Florin of Bogislaus X, due of Pomerania (1474- 1528); Koehler, 2070; Dannenhevg, Pommerns M.ln- Zen, 1864, pi. i, n^ 43.

Saxony,

“Forged piece for troys gros de Millan du poix de ungne « once HI d. and vault the said piece here xxx s. t. » (f vi"ix.)

Klappml'itzen" thaler of Fr^d^ric 111 the Wise, elec- tor of Saxony (1486-1525) with his brother John and his cousin George. Cat, Thomsen, 11876.

Digitized by

188 J.-A. BLA3CCHET

— “Good obolle from Fribourg, forged by Jehan dnc des “Saxons pitch of two deniers twelve grains gold a xviii karacu “and a half vault of courses five hundred and twenty. xxx s. t. » (P* 79.)

FRI-6-e-IO-l> G-l>va-SXX. Saint John standing; in front of his legs, accosted shields of Saxony and Telectorate (has two swords).

^\ * mOne uOVfl iVRI LIPaeRSSI. Globe em- cigar decorated in a quatrefoil.

Florin of Frederick III with his cousin Georgfes and his brother Jean; Variety of Koehler No. 980.

Without text. 56.)

Florin d'Albert, due of Saxony (1464-1500), struck Leipzig; Cat. Thomsen^ n* 7557.

Tyrol.

“Good obolles forged by Jehan from Austria from the pitch of (( two deniers twelve grains or eighteen karactz vault of course tt v*^ and twenty. xxx s. t. » (I* 82.)

SI

^.*MOK«Y:flKOV:fliflVR«:fliaOMmSTIR. Cross decorated, in saltire, confined with the four escutcheons from Austria, Carinthia, Tyrol and Carniola.

Florin of Archduke Sigismond (1439-1496); variety from Koehler's No. 1998.

Without text. (

Zwanziger of Sigismond; Cat. Thomsen^ n** 5164.

Württemberg.

“Gross of the due of Virtember which are of the pitch of neof “deniers and vault the piece ten solz tournaments. » (f* vi^xiiii.}-

Digitized by

THE BOOK OF THE DVHAMEL CHANGER

189

Ulric's third thaler due of Württemberg (1498- 1519 and 1534-1550); varia^ from 4433 of the Catalog Thomsen with STVTGAR*; Binder, Wiirtembergische Munz^und Medaillenkunde^ 1846, p. 57, 32.

— “Obolle of Virte from the pitch of two deniers twelve grains “gold at eighteen karactz and half vault the piece at the price "de lor v" and twenty. xxx s. t. » (f* 52.)

Florin of Ulric; Koehler 2282 variety with VVIRT«MB«RG (flMB lies, «R lies).

GERMANY (CITIES). Bamberg.

a Good obolle forged in Germany by King Henry “Emperor of Romme of the pitch of two deniers twelve grains gold at eighteen karactz and half vault the piece at the price “v” and XX. xxx s. t. » 50.)

Florin of George III of Limbourg, 6bishop of Bamberg (1505-1522), dates from 1507; Catalog Gar the, 5854; cf. J. Heller, Die Bambergischen Milnzen, Bamberg, 1839, n^66.

Br erne.

" Bad. » (f* 96.)

Florin of Henri HI of Schwarzburg, archbishop of Bremen (1463-1496). H. Jungk, Die Bremischen Ml'inzen, 1875, 58.

— a Another forged piece for the said sum and is of one o ounce troy deniers and vault the said piece the sum above “subscribe. xxx s. t. » (P* vi"ix.)

Digitized by

190 J. -A. BLANCHET

Thaler de Cristophe, administrator of the archbishop ch6 of Brdme (1511-1514); Madai, Vollst. ThaUr- Cabinet, 721. Jungk, op. laud., 151.

Cologne,

Without text. (<*84.)

Florin of Frederick III of Saarwerde, archbishop of Cologne (1370-1414), minted in Bonn; Cappe, Beschrei- bung der Ccelnischen Munzen, 1853, pi. xiv, 226.

— “Good. » (f»84.)

Florin by Thierry de Mors, archbishop. (1414-1463), strikes at Bonn; Cappe, n® 1026.

Without text. 85.)

Florin of Thierry de Mors, minted in Riele; Cape, n^ 1046.

Without text. 98.)

Another florin by Thierry de Mors, fr. in Riele; Cape, n* 1049.

Without text. 60.)

Another florin by Thierry de Mors, fr. in Riele; Cape, n^ 1056.

— “Bad oboUe calls in alle obolle de CoUeh du “pitch of two deniers twelve grains gold a [in white) vault of “course v“and twenty” [in white), (P* 79.)

Florin of Hermann IV of Hesse, adrainistrator of Cologne (1473-1480-1508), minted in Bonn; Cape, n*^ 1171.

Without legend; same florin. (f* 58.)

— “Good obole forged by Golonne from the pitch of two deniers “twelve grains of gold at eighteen karaclz and a half vault the piece at "taken from the gold rate v"twenty and troys. xxx s. t..” (f* 80.)

Digitized by

THE BOOK OF THE DUUAMEL CHANGER

191

Florin of 1515 with the shields of Mainz, Trier, Cologne (archevfech^), Bavaria, and Cologne (city) in center; of. Cappe, no. 1286 which is dated 1513.

Without text. 98.)

Florin in the name of the three wise men; Cappe, n** 1242.

Dortmund,

“Good. » (P* 65.)

Florin with the name of Maximilien; A. Meyer, Die Minzen der Stadt Dortmund^ in Numismatische Zeitschrift, 1883, p. 282, n^53.

Frankfurt am Main.

“Good mesh forged by Symon emperor from the pitch of two “deniers twelve grains gold at eighteen karactz and a half vault the a piece at the rate of five hundred and twenty and troys, xxx s. t. » (f* 77.)

MOReT'KO'FR* aFORV'.SaintJeandebout;between his feet, the moon.

Yf. * SIVRO*RORVMMPATOR*.In a trilobe, crucigerous globe.

Florin\ cf. Koehler, Due, -Cab,, n^ 2837.

— “Good shells forged by Hanry Emperor of the Romans has the weight of two deniers twelve grains gold of eighteen karactz a and a half vaulted the coin at the gold rate v*' xxni.

“xxx s. t. » (f» 77.)

* FRmRiaVSJROMflUOSIMPfl. Cruciger globe in a trilobe.

Yf. MOR“Tfl.ROV.FR:fliRaFl>’. Saint John standing. Florin; variety of Koehler No. 2840.

Digitized by

192 J. -A. BLANCHET

Without text. 97.)

5nORG*ROVX* AVR^FRSQ 2*. Saint John standing; between his feet, a lion.

1^.* FRei>Ria*ROMflK*IMP«'flT*. Globe cruci- managed in a trilobe.

Florin; Variety of Koehler No. 2839.

Without text. 84.;

♦ MOK«Tfl*RO a FRflnaPORV Saint John standing.

IX. * FRmRiaVSoROSnOR'oiMPTTT. Globe cruci- managed in a trilobe.

Florin; variety of Koehler n** 2840.

— “Good obolles from Maxilian king of the Romans of the pitch of “two deniers twelve grains gold at eighteen karactz and a half vault “the said course piece v” xx. xxx s. t. » (C* 46.)

Florin with Tecu from Weinsberg between the legs of Saint John and dates from 1499; cf. Koehler, n** 2842 (with 1498).

Goslar.

Incomplete text. cim.) Mariengroschen from 1505; variety of n** 6876 of Thomsen catalog with G0SL7CRIG.

Hamhourg,

Without text. 85.)

MOnerfl UO bflMBVRcre'. Saint Peter standing; in front of his legs, shield has a nettle leaf.

^. * FRmeRiaVS lily ROmOR'oReX, Globe cruci- managed in a trilobe.

Florin\Gaedechen, Hamburg sche Munzen und Medaillen, 1843-54, no. 264,

Digitized by

THE BOOK. DU CHANqELR Dt'HAMEL

193

Ismj.

Incomplete text. vi«iiii.)

*mOReM2OVVaiVITMSRM508.AigIeepIoyee with the horseshoe shield on his chest.

Ijf.cTRA^o mflXIsniLro RO*o Rex. Six-pointed star surmounted by a deployed eagle and quartered by five stars.

Money ; cf. Thomsen Catalog^ n"*' 4595-97.

— “Let's test King Maximilian's empire of new pitch « deiiiers and vault the said piece here for x s. t. » (P* vi"xi.)

SSRG' lORlV. Saint George weapon of a sword, on horseback, slaying the dragon.

5PO'oRO'cGIo*ISRIol513. Two leaning shields with the eagle of Isny and surmounted by a crowned shield with Two-headed eagle.

Money *.

Lüneburg.

Without text. 53.) Florin with the name of Maxiniilien; variety of 2968 from Kcehler, with ROM7C RGX.

1. Among the gold coins, we find, at f* 1, an identical coin k that of money which we wish to describe; the text relating to it is in part torn and we only read the XL digits of the value. The imprint e«i dyed^c yellow.

Digitized by

J.-A. BLAKCMBT

Mainz.

“Good, gold at xxii and a half are worth the loan of U money

« xxxn 8. t. » 47.)

Under the imprint of me, we read: “It should be noted that for the present five hundred and twenty are not “na est^ of fine pines or monnoy^ in oboUe that lor cy above “escript which is gold at twenty two karactz and a half course vault “the said piece xl s. t. >

Florin attributed^ k Adolphe I, Count of Nassau, archbishop of Mainz (1379-1390); Cappe, Bes- chreibung der Mainzer Mnnzen^ 1856, n* 485 (with the l^i" of n* 484); struck in Bingen.

Without text. (P»58)

Rhine guilder, of Dietrich II, Count of Isenburg

(1475-1482); Cape, 690'; Collection catalog

of Prince Alex, of Hesse, 1889, n* 192.

— “Good obolle of Vre from the pitch of two denarii twelve grains a or a eighteen karactz and half vault the coin at the price « de lor v« and xx. xxx s. t. » (P 52.J

Florin dated 1506, by Jacob de Liebenstein (1504-1508); Cappe, n* 722 with the AQO.

— o Good obole of bonaurirery (sic^) of the weight of two “deniers twelve grains gold at eighteen karactz and a half vault the “piece taken from course v“ and xx. xxx s. t. » (f* 49. j

Undated florin of Uriel of Gemmingen (1508- 1514); cf. Cappe, n* 733.

1. The currency porU U legend: snONe nOV^^flVRI • RfiHI- last three words ezpHqaent A bizarre reading of the one who wrote the test du manuscn't.

Digitized by

LB BOOK OR CHANGEUn DUHAMEL 195

Munster.

Without text. (f* 60.)

Florin of Henry III of Schwarzburg, ^vfeque of Munster (1466-1496); varia^ from Koehler's 1632 with MOUIST«RI«R\

Nuremberg.

Without text. (f* 99.)

Florin with the name of Sigismond; variety of n*^ 3006 from Koehler with RVReMBRcT.

— “Bonne oboe saint Laurens otherwise called in German “ment obolle de pubebria [sic] of the pitch of two deniers twelve a grain or a xviii karactz and half vault of courses v* and xx.

« XXX 8. t. » (P79.)

City florin; Koehler, 3009.

Nordlingen.

(c Good oboUes from Frederic from the pitch of two deniers twelve “gold grains at eighteen karactz and half vault the said piece at the price “of course V and xx. xxx s. t. » (f* 46.)

Florin of Fr^d^ric, emperor, with T^crest of Weinsberg {k three billets) at the feet of Saint John*; cf. Cappe, Mi'tnzen der deutschen Kaiser^ XII, 199.

Without text. (^^92.)

Florin\ crest between the legs of Saint John (Ecar- tele: at 1 and 2 to 2 rafters; at 3 and 4, has a leader).

Osnabr'ack,

a Nine links forged in Auxerre from pitch of two deniers twelve grains gold a \en white)^ are valid for the said course pieces a v« and XX. XXV century. VI d. t. » (r» 93.)

Florin of Conrad de Diepholtz, 6th bishop (1455-1481),

1. The imperial currency having been committed to the Coorad of Weinsberg, this last placed< sea coat of arms ear lee coint.

Digitized by

106 J.-A. BLANCHBT

or Conrad of Rietberg (1482-1508); variety of n* 1650 of Koehler with aO'Rfll>\

Regensburg.

Without text. (^*68). Florin of the city; variety of Koehler No. 3043 with RTCVIS P.

Salzburg.

u Good obUe of Millan from the pitch of two denarii twelve “gold grains at eighteen karactz and half vault the piece at the price of « gold course v« and twenty, xxx s. t. » (f* 52.)

•SflRaTVS:RVl>B«Rl>VS:ePS: The standing saint, holding a crozier and a vase; below, shield of the arch veque.

\\\ * LeOKflRDVS: flRGbiePI: SflLZ. Cartel shield with the arms of the bishop and the city; above, 1510,

Florin of Leonard of Keutschach, archbishop (1195-1519); variety of Koehler No. 1517,

• — “Ducatz forge by larcevesque Leonard archbishop of “Millan of pitch of two deniers seventeen grains gold of twenty and ({ troys karactz troys quars vault the coin at the rate v« xx.

“XLi vid. t. » (f»24.)

S7fKGT9RVl>B«RT9«PS. The standing saint; in front his jainbes, ^cus of Tarchev^que.

^. * L«On3lRl>9l>G «:fliRabI«PI ♦ SAL. In a quatrefoil, using the arms of Tarchevfeque and those of Salzburg; above, 1500.

Florin of the same prelate.

Trd^^es.

“Good oboes petre otherwise called in allegation “van obloUes forged for two deniers twelve grains of gold

Digitized by

LB LIVRB DUHAMBL CHANGER 197

“XXX sec. t. » (r» 48.)

Florin of Ulrich de Manderscheid, competitor (1430-1435), minted in Coblenz; variety of n"" 1, pi. iv, by Bohl, Abbildungen der Trierischen Munzeriy 1837, with TR'en' and aOV«R\

Worms.

Without text. ^ and 91.)

mOR«oflVRoaiVIT:fli«VVORm:fli«. City shield has a key, in front of the Virgin and Child.

1^. * SVB VBR3loflL3l.*-TVfla PTecT-KOS. Eagle. Florin\ variety of 3073 from Koehler.

Hungary.

“Ducat of Hungary of pitch of two deniers seventeen grains gold “at twenty and troys karactz troys quars and vault of course of the first “feels v“ and xx. xli s. vi d. L. » 42.)

S L:dI>ISLAVS Rex. The saint standing between b and two swords in saltire under a crown.

^r. 5n:fliTbIflS l><9'RVR<9':fliRI«. The seated Virgin, holding the child; underneath, a raven holding a crow hums in his bee.

Florin by Mathias Corvin (1458-1490); Rupp, Niinii Hungarianise^ n® 507.

a Ducats forged by Mathias due and Roy of Hungary from pitch “of two deniers xvn grains of gold at twenty and troys karactz troys 0 quarters vault the coin at the gold rate v« and twenty.

a XLI s. VI d. t. » (f* 34.)

Florin by Mathias Corvin; Rupp, n® 503, with the different Xt and two hammers(?) in a cross in a shield- sound (Nagybania workshop).

Digitized by

i.-A. BLAIfCHST

“Ducat other forge in the country of Hungary, > td^ims weight,

WLA1>ISLAI*-1> : G: R: VNGARie. The Virgin holding the child, seated on a Gothic throne; below, a deployed eagle.

ipr. S:LflI>ISL3SiVS:ReX. The saint standing between K and b. (Kremnitz workshop.)

Florinda Ladislas VI (1490-1516); varia^ of n* 552 by Rupp.

“Ducatz forged by a Vaislate due and Roy of Hungary*” same weight, title and value. (^34.)

Florin of Ladislas VI (1490-1516) with the different

1* A (Nagybania workshop); variety of Rupp No. 552.

“Ducatz others forge by the said Ouvaislate king and due of “hungary,” mimes weight, title and value. (P* 34.)

Florin of Ladislas VI, dated 1511, with H and unicorn for different; Rupp, n** 553.

a Ducatz forged by the King of Hungary from the pitch of two « deniers seze grains or a yingt and troys karaetz troys quars “yault the piece taken from lor v“ and xx. xu s. vi d. t. » (P* 26.)

S: VVenaeSLSVS-bVX. The saint standing. ^. LVbOViaVS: 1>:: R: BOem. Square shield lion with forked tail; above, L. Florin of Louis (1516-1526).

title and value.

(f» 42.

Bohime.

It remains for me to talk about a very curious piece that I I didn't think it was necessary to classify it among the currencies. At r 2, we find the following:

LB LIVRB OF CHANGBUR DUHAMBL

“Piece of Cremonne * forged for troys ducatz gold at twenty and a troys karatz three quarters of the pitch of {in white) worth

“VI I. IIII 8. VI d. t. »

4«R*I>E*LANN0I*S*I>E*M0RVILLER*G*I>*

GE^ Bust, k right, the head bare and the hair fallen bant on the neck.

^•.*CREM0NS-LANN0I*MIEVLX»EN:AVR0N' Shield 6 cartel at 1 and 3 of Lannoy, at 2 and 4 of Neuville V

From the looks of it, the room must be a small medal or token. We cannot assume in elTet that the governor of Genoa took the right to beat currency. The epitaph of Raoul de Lannoy exists on his tomb in the church of Folleville (Somme). The inscription is conceived in these terms: Here lie noble people Raoul de Lannoy^ chemlier lord de Morviller and de Paillart^ councilor and chamberlain ordinary of Kings Laws XI* and XII* and of Charles VIII* ^ bailiff of the rial palace in Paris and Damiens, captain of the vile dictum of a hundred kind women of the house And of-.

1. This fftuffe attribution has iyidcmment M fine by the first word of Ug^nde dv rerers.

2. Lannoy: EehiqutU of gold and asur of 26 piicet. Near! lie: D*or frelte of gtuulet. Thomas de Lannoj, phrt de Raonl, would marry Mar^erite de NeuTille-M artinghen.

Digitized by

iOO J. -A. BLANCH fit

one hundred men of arms of orders^ gran chambeUan of Uealme de Secile, lieutenant-general and governor of the Duce of Gennes who passed away on the HIP day of month of April Ian millet V"" and VIII ^ etc.

The tomb of Raoul de Larmoy and his wife Joan of Poix was sculpted by a Milanese artist, Antonio della Porta*. It is interesting to note this fact, because the medal (or token), whose design is higher, must be the work of an Italian artist. link.

The motto that the coin bears, on the reverse, is very curious. You should definitely take the first word as a form of the verb cremer to which the Diction- nary of the ancient French language of Godfrey gives the meaning of fear

We see that the book of the changer Duham^l offers a certain interest, because of the unpublished pieces and varieties of which he brings us knowledge, and sur- all because of the indications of value given to different foreign currencies. Prescriptions on the price of currencies are very rare for the period prior to 1540. Furthermore, there was not, in the beginning of the 16th century, also of order

1. See. L. Palustre, The Renaissance in France, 1879, 1. I (p. 46, Epitaph; pp. 29 ct 45, drawings of the tomb). Cf. Bazin de Gribeauval, Historical Description rique de l'^glUe and the ruins of the castle of Follevitle {Somme), 8*^ Sens, 1883.

2. Cf. The Curne of Sainte-Palaye. This motto is not found in Armo^ Rictstap rial. It was reported by A. Chassant and H. Tausin, Dictionary Historical and Heraldic Mottoes, Paris, 1878, t. I.p. 57: “Let us cry gnons) Lannoi, better we will have. Raoul deLannoi, sieur de Moryilliers, goa- Tcrncur of Genoa under Louis XI; Token. d Personally, I don't know9 the piece in original, nor any publication relating to it.

Digitized by

LB LIVRB DU CHANGEt'R DUHAMEL 201

important, for the number of currencies mentioned- nees, that the manuscript of the money changer Duhamel *.

J.-Adrien Blanchet.

APPENDIX.

(r> 168 and 169.)

Orders issued in Paris on the Regime and government of coins from Loys, the last king who died a thousand and one, Loys by the grace of God Roy of France To all those who present readers will see salvation. as if to obviate several abutz which were made and committed in our kingdom or makes course and stakes of currencies formerly then, by advice and deliberation of people in this knowledge, made several orders nances and edits both to prohibit and defend the course and updates strange monnoyes dictates that also do not take our escuz sun and crown only for the prizes that we give them by our dictated orders and in addition has been advised for the constinuation of the work that we make in our money. Gonsernans good of the public affairs of ourstredicl kingdom country lands and signatures certain other points and articles cy apres declerez be necessary and required by the orders and orders.

Knowing that we want and desire to give order and provision or making of said coins as something which greatly raent doubts the good and useful of the said public thing of ours- dicl kingdom, we have by the advice and deliberation that above wanted statue and order, we wish, let us rule and order of ours full power and royal auctorile por these presents which Censuyl.

It is to know that all the workers of our states earn so much of our Kingdom only dauphine and proof will carve the deniero and specie dor el dargeanl white and black which will be formed geez esdicles monnoyes of their right pitch el recourse within

1. This register is taken to the manuscripts department of the library national, the saWante rating: Fr. New. Acquired. 6289.

1891 — 7 14

Digitized by

202

J.-A. BLANGHBT

their Remedies on how to recast the work and open it of Rechef to their expans and to pay to the private master the teresl who would have audict ou\Taige RefTondu and on the paines conte- naked in our ordinances.

Item that each one provides workers and miners or their clerks will henceforth be required to make a register of all matters gold or silver which will be given to them to open and mint it sizes for iceulx registers to see and visit when necessary will be. Item that the tester of each coin will try to during each cast in the presence of the guards or lung deulx before who are bailie to open for the master notwithstanding that he had been accustomed to doing it from the front.

Item and affin that no work of gold and white silver and black does not happen in deliverance unless it is in good pitch, law and appeals. The two guards, tailors, testers, counterguards and private master will continually reside in their offices for each place soy exercise them according to the content in nosdicles ordinances.

And others will be required to be present to see the deliveries and will call for the dictz prevoslz of the workers and coins of the oath of France and the empire with six good * characters of the most expert and contemporary in pitch and law such as by the mayor and aldermen or other clerks government of the communities of the cities [oil] will be open and money, will be despuled, which guards tailors testers and counterguards will be held before making these deliveries make another attempt at the minted material ready to be delivered ver by the tester in their presence and above dictate call and of this delivery weigh the denarii and cash piece after other and the marc to see whether the said deniers will be good for deliver both in pitch and in law, and those who are not found will be good remelted and opened again from their dictates pitch and law, and or the- dictz deniers will be good to deliver, the deliverance will be done by thedictz officers the abovedictz call.

1. Good reading is not certain.

NOTE

SU R

A TKOUVA.ILLE OF COIN:S

MADE IN THE SURROUNDINGS OF VERDUN

A small compost treasure of 390 Verdun deniers, from the end of the 11th century and the beginning of the 19th century, Was discovered in 1890 near Verdun (Meuse), without any foreign parts in this location lite was involved in it.

The coins forming part of this treasury are three bishops of Verdun: Richer (1089-1107), Richard de Grandpre (1107-1113), Henri de Blois (1117-1129).

Richer is represented in this find by a single denarius; but this money is of a new type, unpublished*

The coins of Richard de Grandpre are at number of 365, all of the type of Salus mundi\ they give eleven variants whose types did not have yet reported.

Those of Henri de Blois, 24 in number, four five varieties were born, including one, the type of dove, is absolutely new; other varieties, to the type of the Virgin, were known and are described in the Monographic of Verdun numismatics at numbers 254, 255, 256, 257*.

1. Memoirs of the Philomathic Society of Verdun, volume XI, 1889.

Digitized by

204

FELIX LI^NARD

This treasure, in which there was no mite, therefore includes seventeen variants or types of deniers, of which thirteen are new or unpublished, therefore of great interest and worthy of being added to the series already so rich in coins coming out of the workshop of Verdun.

The funds of Richard de Grandpr6 are of mediocre execution, most of them poorly out of the corners and having several very incomplete legends; a very small number deserves to be preserved. Ges deniers are in silver more or less m^l6; their weight is very weak and most variable: it drops from 80 to 75, 70, 65 and 55 centigrams; it is, as we say see, a completely defective currency, which confirms the opinion expressed in my Monographic of the Verdun numisnia^ P^g^ 99 et seq., at subject of the numerary that Bishop Alberon de Ghiny made withdraw from circulation, because, as said Wassebourg: — cc The currency which then had currency <(in the city of Verdun and everywhere the euesch^ was "of alloy and nasty metal, and he had the “Euesque cessors of the Albero diet, forged in their ((profit, and to the great detriment and damage of “poor people who could not hang there “allocate outside the city and euesche of Verdun, without “too big a loss. »

The coins of Richard de Grandpre and Henri of Blois, like those of Alb^ron de Chiny, remained unknown until 1861, when in which twenty-two were encountered near

Digitized by

FIND OF £ COINS

205

Dieulouard, in a batch of 200 pieces from various workshops*.

The find which has just been made around Verdun allows you to correct the reading of a currency attributed to T^vfeque Richer by M. Monnier*, and that, according to him, I reproduced in number 225 of my Monogra- phie. Due to the low weight of said piece (55 centigrams), Mr. Monnier indicated this amount born as being an obol, while it has exactly ment the size and weight of the defective funds of our treasure, and as these are infinite- better preserved, it is easy for us to reconstitute kill the legends partly destroyed on the piece of Mr. Monnier; this one carries on one side VM, end of the word Virdunum^ and the other ALV {Salus) and not Riv {Richerius)j as the author of the note on Dieulouard's find. This piece belongs to the group of denarii to the type of Salus mundi attributed^ to Richard de Grandpr6 and not T^veque Richer whose the name has always been Richerus and never Richerius.

1. (RDCHERVS EPV head of the prelate, in profile k

1. Note on a find of coins made near Dieulouard, by M. Monnier, Nancy, 1862. 3. rbid,, p. 12, n* 7.

Richer (1089-1107).

Digitized by

206 FELIX LIENARD

straight, with serrated bolster and having in front of it the crossc ^piscopal.

V(IRD)VNVM; building flanked by two turrets. Silver denarius. — Weight: 0.80.

Richard of Grandprtf ^107-111^

simple horseshoe; below, five globules and one row of arcades.

^. : SALVS MVNDI; cross patt6e with globule k end of each of the branches.

Silver denarius. — Weight: 0.80.

N** 3. — Similar to the previous one, except that iron k horse of the turrets is double, that there is below six globules, and that the first S of the word Salus is lying down or in the shape of a sickle.

Silver denarius. — Weight: 0.80.

NO 4^ _ ★viRDVNVM ; small adjoining gate ^ two

Digitized by

COIN FIND 207

turrets: below, five globules and three arcades; in the field, a small point k on the left.

9. As with the previous ones.

Silver denarius. — Weight: 0.70.

No. 5. — * VIRDVNVM; dock gate^ of two isolated turrets; below, five globules and a row arcades.

: SALVS MVNDI; cross patt6e without globules. Silver denarius. — Weight: 0.65.

N** 6. — Similar to the previous one, except that ^i Tavers the lacroisette of the legend is replaced by a star and that the cross on the reverse bears a globule at the extr^- moth on each of its branches.

Silver denarius. — Weight: 0.65.

N*" 7. — *VIRDVNVM; portal with iso-turret lees and accosts two globules.

SALVS MVNDI; patlee cross with a globule the end of each of its branches.

Silver denarius. — Weight: 0.65.

N** 8. — Similar to the previous one, except that the cross

Digitized by

208 FELIX LIENARD

of the revcers carries a globule in the first canton. Silver denarius. — Weight: 0.60.

No. 9. — Other, where the cross on the reverse bears a glo- bule in the second canton.

Silver denarius. — Weight: 0.75.

N** 10. — Other, where the cross on the reverse bears the glo- bule in the second and third canton. Silver denarius. — Weight: 0.55.

N** li. — Other, where the cross on the reverse bears a globule in the first and fourth canton. Silver denarius. — Weight: 0.55.

N** 12. — Other, where the cross on the reverse bears a star in the first canton and a globule in the fourth. Silver denarius. — Weight: 0.75.

Henry of Blois (1117-1129).

13. — * HEINRICVS EPC; front head of prelate having on his right the episcopal crosier.

* MARIA VIRGO; deployed dove turned to left.

Silver denarius. — Weight: 0.80.

Felix Lienard.

Digitized by

RESTITUTION OF A BIG TOURNAMENT

TO JOHN IV, DUG OF BRITTANY

* JOHANNES (croisette) DVX — Legend extc- ricure.... SIT: NOJP...

ft'. TVRONVS (annel) CIVIS- Ghatel overcomes of line cross, the turrets ending with uri trefoil hollow; three saltires in the chatel. Lily border.

Poey d'Avant engraved this piece (pi. GXXXIII, n"* 1, vol. Ill, p. 204), according to a rather poor copy I'm from the Vesvrotte collection, and your data, without comment, to John without fear, due of Burgundy, who succeeded his father Philippe the Bold on May 23

Mr. Garon did not contest this attribution and Mr. Gariel placed the piece in his stock collection. guignonne bequeathed to the town of Auxerre (catalogue, drawn up by M. Hoffmann, 1885, no. 209). later reproduced after Poey d'Avant, in the boards of a work in preparation on the imitations of the big tournament (pi. VIII, n*" 4) and Ta included among the coinage of the Duchy of Bour-

1404.

groans.

210 M. DE MARCHEVILLE

This log piece being the exact copy of a big tournaments of King John on which we find the trefoiled turrets, the saltires in the chatel and the Croisette in the legend (Hoff., pi. XXI, n® 33. — Saulcy. Hist, mon^t, of John the Good^ pag© 27, pi. I, n*** 18 and 20), we have an excellent basis for research dear to whom it may belong.

Numerous pieces of information allow in fact to specify the date of delivery of the royal coin: it was minted from 1333 to 1354.

By virtue of an ordinance of November 9, 1353, establishing the coinage 32" 1/2 (Ord., t. II, n** 540), an execution of the 18th of this month, prescribed to make “beautiful large white deniers, which will be current for 8 deniers a piece and will be 3 d. 4 grains and 4/5 of a grain of loy silver le roy and 5 sols 5 deniers of weight to the said marc", that is to say at 0.255 fine silver and 65 pieces in the mark, each weighing 3 gr. 776.

The ms. 4533, which always gives very exactly the value of the marc outside the work and the manufacture of cspcces, for the Paris workshop, indicates as the tables of Le Blanc, that the first broadcast of this gros denier began on November 27, 1353 and was continued until April 26, 1354, that is to say during for five months.

A second Issue was ordered on April 8, 1354. The coin having been placed on the 48* foot, the weight of the gros blanc was reduced to 8 sols, or 96 pieces at marc (2 gr. 549), but his title always remained 3 d. 4 gr. 4/5 A. R. (Ord. t. II, n^ 551). The execution

Digitized by

RESTITUTION OF VN OnOS TOIRXOIS TO JOHN IV 211

of April 18 prescribed to make a difference to the double tournaments which had to be struck at the same time time and whose liter had been lowered, but it is silent with regard to the white denier: it was in effect consistent with established practices of not attracting there are secret points of weakening of parts whose liter was not modified. The big money of the second production which lasted, according to ms. 4533, from April 26 to June 28, 1354, cannot therefore be recognized only by weight.

A third ful emission prescribed by Tordon- nance of May 17, 1354 (ord., t. II, 554) which established the currency 64*. The execution of May 24 sent the patterns and copies to indicate the difference to melt on the white deniers of 8 deniers tournaments whose law was lowered to 3 d. A. R. (0.239 end) el le weight at 120 in marc (2 gr. 039). The manufacture of Paris lasted from June 28 to November 24, 1354.

The 24* currency was reestablished on October 15, an executive order of the 31st regulated the manufacture of cash news of a different type.

Although the orders and the executories found by Mr. de Saulcy could not provide him no information on the coin of the silver denarius of King John whose manufacture began in October 1353 and ended in November 1354, he however had class k cetle date the big royal tournaments at the lou- real ones topped with empty trefoils and at the chatel con- holding three salts (pi. I, n** 18), leaning on the weight of known examples.

The entire silver coinage of the reign of

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212 M. DE BURGHJBVILLB

Jean does not leave any other place available for the three broadcasts of this big tournament.

Information that I owe to the kindness of Mr. Maxe-Werly allows me to fully confirm the attribution made by Mr. de Saulcy and makes it indis* cu table.

The Barrois coinage offers an imitation faithful to the big royal with the trefoiled turrets: she carries the legend: robertvs gomes {Annales du Barrois^ t. I, p. 12. M. V. Servais). Robert having become a count de Bar in 1352 and having taken the title of due, on his seals and in his acts, in October 1354, it is in this short space of two years that must be placed manufacturing of the Barroise pifece and the date of remission of the last blank of King John, on which the big turn- Nois de Robert was copied, is thus fixed with a precise way.

This is enough to demonstrate that the imitation which carries the noni of Johannes diuc. can no longer be classic in the Burgundy series.

Indeed, on the one hand, Burgundy has not had due s calling John, before 1404, and, on the other hand, the species minted by Charles VI, before or after The advent of John without Fear, does not resemblance to the very particular type of the big tournaments in question.

It is therefore impossible to admit the attribution of Poey from Before.

The imitation of the gros royal of 1353 cannot be hold that John IV, who then disputed with Charles de Blois the possession of the duchd of Brittany and supports

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born the claims of his father Jean de Montfort, died in 1345. At the time this coin was minted, we do not find any other due named Jean, who is either hand over the counterfeit coins of the king of France, while you already know the imitation that John IV had the royal coin made which had previously been ceded the big tournaments at the chatel tr6fl6. This other Coin of King John was engraved by M. Hoffmann, ft. XXI, n"* 35, and its various broadcasts by M. de Saulcy, pi. I, n" 11, 11**", 12 and 15; he's the big one tournaments at the Chatel surmounted by a blooming fleuron or epi and k the cross crossing the interior legend: Imitation of the due Jean was given by Poey d'Avant, pi. XVI, n*^ 12, and by Bigot, pi. 22, I.

John IV also copied the royal piece which 8ucc6d6 to the main one with trefoiled turrets. V. Hoff., ft. XX, 49. — Saulcy, pi. II, n^' 21, 25, 27. - Poey d'Avant, pi. XVIII, n** 3. — Bigot, pi. 23, nM.

The fact that the big tournaments with trefoiled turrets, which I propose to return to Brittany, carried simply plement DVX without adding Britonum, is explained by- actually by the need to copy the legend royal which does not contain the word Francorum,

The engraved copy above must be an imitation tion of the first or second broadcast then that it presents no difference; it is very possible that we find the piece of John IV corresponding to the third. Most likely she will present the differences that are seen in the big king tournaments Jean, because the weakened Breton currencies bear the

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214 M. DE MARCRRVILLE

more often the same secret signs as the pieces that they counterfeited.

The royal piece from the third issue can be recognized nail a Tannelet place in one of the cantons of the large cross with two points which approach the cross du chatel (see Saulcy, pi. II, n** 20).

Mr. DE Marchkville.

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TOURANIAN COINS

NOTES ON COINS STRUCK IN THE FIRST CENTURIES AD BY THE TOURANIAN PRINCES*

Recent discoveries of inscriptions in character runic lands, which have just been made in the Southern Siberic and Mongolia* will throw a unexpected day on the origins of the Tartar peoples and on their historical antiquities which are still so poorly understood naked. These inscriptions are very clear, written in isolated signs and in a language which is, very true- similarly the Eastern Turkish of the 7th or 8th century of our era; the number of public texts is quite considerable so that we can address their inter- loan. The decipherment of these inscriptions is so very soon, and we will know if this writing runiform came from India at the time of Asoka where if it was not rather brought from Europe by the northern Siberia. But, when this veil is lifted(5, we will still only have part of the problem of

1. This item is reproduction with some additions and changes, from a notice which appeared in the Journal aaiatique of January 181)1.

2. These are the Inscriptions of I'lenissei, collected and published by the Finnish Archaeological Society, in-fol., Hclsingfors, 1889, and inscribe them tions of Karakoroum published by M. ladrintsef, of Irkutsk, under the nora dc AncitM charactera trouuia aur dca pierrea ct dea monumenta on the edge of rOrkhon, in-fol., 1890. Saint-Petersburg, 22 ft. litbogr. without tcxtc.

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fi. DROUIN

resolved, because we will still have to read other inscriptions who are (^also a mystery to us: I want speaking of the legends presented by a certain number of coins, of very varied types, struck by the various Turanian populations who occupied the Turkestan, eastern Iran and north-west India, before the Muslim conquest.

This is this new element, hitherto too neglected, that I would like to include in the whole of this question of ancient Tartar writings. Observe them The following statements are intended to show where we what we know in this regard.

I

The currencies on which we find these legends in unknown characters are relatively in small numbers, scattered in the musses from Europe, particularly in Saint Petersburg, Berlin, London, and in India, Calcutta. Most part are still unpublished, but what has been public is enough to give an idea of their importance.

Despite the efforts of scientists, none of these mon- naies has not yet been deciphered. What makes it particular very difficult to read and interpret these small documents, it's ignorance where we are and the language in which they are written, and Absolute identity of the peoples who used them. On this last point, however, we have information- fairly precise statements; it is certain, for example, that these people are neither Iranians nor Indians,

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217

but that they belong to the different tribes in- invaders which followed one another first in the Tur- kestan since the origins of history, that is to say since Cyrus and his son, author of the inscription of Behistoun where they are mentioned under the name of Sakas until our days, then in Bactria, Afghanistan and Punjab until the Arab conquest.

It is through Chinese annals that we are best informed about successive emigrations of these Asian tribes. We know from the histo- contemporary Chinese nothings (notably Sse-ma- tsien), that, around Tan 168BC, the Yue-tchi (or Yue-ti) chassis of Kan-Sou by the Hioung-Nou, crossing Axarte, penetrated into Sogdiana * from where they hunted the 5^^, then in Bactria, then finally in the valley of Tlndus around AD 25. Once in rinde, they take from their currencies and in their inscriptions the name of Kouchans (Kochana^ Gouc/iana^ etc.); we therefore pen their con- serve this particular name, which is, of remains, also used by Armenian historians. The Yue-tchi occupied Central Asia for more than five centuries (from 130 BC to 400 AD). In Rinde their leader was called Chdh and Chdhdrt" c/idh^ but in Turkestan it took the name of K/iakdn^ title which is older than we think and which perhaps dates back to the beginning of the 3rd century.

1. In Chinese the country of Wou-soun; this is where people originally lived the Ss^ [SaCf Sah or Sek), v. Wylie, Note* on the Western regions^ p. 85; Kingsmill, Intercourse of China with Eastern^ etc. in JRAS. 1882, p. 79. 18^)1 — 7 15

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B. DROIIN

Around Tan 400 the Yue-tchi had to undergo the invasion of the Youan-Youan who only pretended to be Throw on Europe, then that of the Hou-Toun or Ye-ta (Ephthalites) who lived alongside them in the Turkestan from 425 to 550. It was the Ephthalites who, under the name of Ila'itdl (Tabari, Firdousi), are in constant relationship with the Persians under Yezdegerd II, Firouz, Balach, Kobad. The most famous of them, Khouehnavaz, perhaps the Chinese Yu-tchinds, whose the long struggle with Firouz and Kobad is recounted throughout Tabari and Chdh-nameh^ was the Khakan of the llaU&l, that is to say an Ephthalite. A from 550 the Ephthalites fell under the blows of the Turks, who become masters of all Asia central. They are the ones who send an embassy in 5(>9 in Constantinople; their khakan was then Dizaboul. His successor Ch^iba-chah was killed in a battle against Bahram Tchoubin, then simple general of Hormisdas IV. The Turks however give dant asylum in 595 to this same Bahram, when he was defeated after his revolt against Chosroes II Parviz, and Yezdegerd 111 fleeing from the Arab invasion. More- lords of the currencies which we will talk about later were obviously struck by the Ephthalites and the Turks following these political reports and commercial. The use of local currency in Timita- tion of the Sassanid silver denarius must have been introduced all the more easily among the Touranians of The other side of the Djihoun (Oxus), which was the limit between the two States, that war compensation and tributes imposed several times on the kings of Perso

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219

paid quite naturally in Sassa-currencies nests *.

Meanwhile we have in India:

1** The Sse, who occupy Kashmir, then the valley lee du Kophen and Arachosie, for two to three centuries; it is to them that the dynasty of Indo-Parthians and that of Maues, Azilizes, etc., including the currencies are in Greek and Bactrian;

2** The Kuchans of Pendj&b, who reign in all the valine of Tlndus for two or three first centuries of our era; they are little by little replaced by the indigenous dynasties with which they were founded in the 4th century;

3** The Hunas who are the white Huns and very true- similarly the same as the Ephthalites of Turkestan. According to the date of the coinage of Tora- mana, one of their sovereigns, they would have entered in Rinde and would have founded their empire in Tan 448 (see Asian Journal^ October 1890, p. 368). We know that they were expelled from the peninsula after the battles of Rorour and Mauchari, around 544;

4** The Yue-tchi having their head Kitour (in Chinese Ki'to-lo), chased from the north by the Ephthalites, settled blessed around 425 in Gandhara and at PechSver or they founded the Kitour or Kntour dynasty which lasted until the end of the 9th century, when it was

1. According to Th^ophylacte Simocatta, Persia paid tribute all the years of forty thousand pieces of gold to the Tares (of. Lebeaa-SainUMariiD, Hiat. du Lower Empiref t. X, p. 278). Gold currency not existing among the Sassanids, The Byzantine historian undoubtedly expressed in gold the total value of tribute, which would in reality give around five hundred thousand pieces of silver & the efgy of the king of Persia which entered Turanian circulation, without count the fabrics and the -vnissellc.

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220 K. DBOl'IX

replaced by the Brahmin dynasty. The last deny Turkish king of Kabul is qualified by historians musiilmans of Flnde padichdh kiiourmdn. Sir A. Cunningham has coins with legends Sanskrit, Indo-Scythian type, bearing the words kidara kouchdna chdhi{yo\r Numism, Chron, ^ 1889, p. 280);

;V Besides the Turkish kingdom of Kabul, it seems having had again, in the same vicinity, during the vi" and vii" centuries, other small Tartar dynasties still poorly known and to which we have given the name small }>/e-/c/?/or Yue-tchi later.

It is to all these different peoples that hold the coins with Tartar legends of which I have speaks. According to the regions where the finds were made, as according to the monetary type, which reflects (^obviously the environment from which it was borrowed, we can attempt a classification, at least provisional, of these currencies. Unable to go into details here, I will confine myself to the following indications which are drawn from careful examination of the documents themselves.

II

And first, from the epigraphic point of view, we notice that the legends seem to be linked to One of the following writing systems:

1"* The Indo-Scythian alphabet of the Tourouchka kings, which itself was borrowed from the Baccalaureate Greeks triane and which was created and inaugurated by the Kushans for their special coinage of India; modifies

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LES MONXAIES TOURAMENNES 221

then its successors, it transformed little gradually and first became the bastard Greek of the pieces of Vasudeva {Ilei^. Numisni., 1888, pi. Ill, 15), then the writing of the currencies featured in Wilson, Ariana antiqua, pi. XVI, n~ 19, 20; XVII, n^* 6, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19. I will designate this alphabet under the Indo-Kouchanipw name of Greco-Kouc/ian because of its Greek origin) to distinguish it from kushan from the North (Khovarezmian and Sogdian);

2° The Pehlvi alphabet, which was the Sassa-Scripture nides. This second writing system that I will call pehlvi-scythian^ seems to have and^ formed^ in the century, mainly on the monumental pehlvi alphabet. It is found on the pieces described by Wilson, ft. XVII, n°' 5, 7, 10, 17; ft. XXI, n^21;

3** A writing very different from the two previous ones- teeth which appears around the 4th century, and of which Tori- gine is completely unknown. 11 seems impossible, in effect, to connect it to any of the various alphabets aramaeans which were then current in the provinces eastern parts of Tlran, and in the north-west of India. We will see specimens in Wilson, pi. XVI, n**' 9, 10; XVII, n^ 4, 8, and XXI, n^ 22; Bartholomei, Collect, des monn, Sassanides^ 1873, pi. xll). I I will call it Iranian-Scythian because this alphabet is encountered most often or at least the oldest- ment, on coins minted by the sacramental kings sanids themselves for their provinces where the pehlvi was not understood*;

1. I saw a decipherment of these currencies in a recent article which published in the Revue numismaiique ^ 1890, p. 358, gifts of which I collected other unpublished legends to which I would like to refer the reader.

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222 K. DROCIN

4* Another writing, but of Aramaic origin, specific to Turkestan, and which he introduced into the provinces of Khvarizm and Sogdiana in the ii* and third centuries AD. She formed two alpha- different bets one from the other that one could distinguish guer by the names of khomrezmien and sogdten (this last expression is from Mr. Lerch). The whole would form the branch of Northern Kouchan or Arab m^o-kouc/ian.

Other Ventures are attached to the same family still undeciphered and which meet I** on very pronounced Tartar type coins coming from Bokhara and published in 1880 by M. W. Tiesenhau- sen (Stroganof collection, n**' 6 to 11); 2** the beautiful ones tetradrachms from the same collection, described by Ed. Thomas under the name of Indo-Parthian coins in JRAS, 1870, p. 503 et seq., and bearing legends whose characters appear to be borrowed from Pehlvi; 3** on coins published by Sir A. Cunningham {Numism. Chronicle, 1889, pi. XIII, n^ 13 and 16). The English scholar attributes these currencies either to Yue-Tchi is in the Sse of the 1st century before our era. If this attribution is correct (it is at least very probable) we would have, within a century, the most ancient specimens of Aramaic scripture from Tur- kestan; 4"* I will finally cite the legend of appearance aramc^enne presented in the bilingual piece of the Museum Asian from Saint Petersburg, found in Revel, in middle of a lot of Abbasid and Sassanid coins, and described by Fraehn in 1832*. Which gives

1. In his An hang ix lo description of the inedailles of the Fucbs cabinet.

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all four alphabets distinct from the previous five described. I will only deal with these last ones here- deny, mentioning the other four only to order.

ill

If we now consult the monetary type and the countries of emission, we can arrive at a beginning of classification. I will offer to at- tributer:

1** Copper coins with khovu- characters rezmiens, to the contemporary Kushan princes of the late Arsacids and early Sassanids century of our era), whether these princes were independent pendants, whether we consider them as tributaries of the kings of Persia. These coins have on the reverse a pyree, which shows us that the populations were ignoble. The rest of Bactria followed for a long time the religion of Avesta*, and Your pent admit without difficulty that the Yue-tchi, the Ye-ta and the Turks, who were idolaters, had adopted the religion of Zoroaster. These currencies are those of which M. A. de Markof added the facsimile in his catalog ' ;

The original of this unique piece has not been found, but the name of Fraehn is a guarantee of authenticity.

1. We have notably proven this by the names of the months and days of which the ayestic form has been modified to a notable extent in the dialects khovdrczmien and sogdicn. V. Albirt^ni. Chronology of Eastern nations, trans. Sachau, 1879, p. 56 sq. ct. At the time of the Arab invasion (666), Central Asia was still igneous, v. Vambery, Geschichte Bokhara s, 1872, p. 32.

2. See Scientific Collection* of rinstilul des langiies orienialca, pnrtic V, Arsacid coins, etc., described by Alexis do Markof (in-S", Saint- Petersburg, 1889, nos. 734 & 771, p. 49 and 54).

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224 E. DROUIN

2* Copper and silver coins minted weighs on the type of silver denarii of Bahram Gour, with legends encsLVSLCteres Sogdiens, in Eph- thalites of the century and the Turks of the 6th and 7th centuries century which still reigned in Bokhara, during the Arab conquest (666 AD). After occupation Muslim, we continued to mint coins same type with Sogdian legend and some very crude Kufic characters *;

3"* Coins with legends in Indo-Kouchan^ in Kushans of India first, then, after 425, to the kings ephthalites, but for the territories subject to their domination in northern India;

V Coins with Pehhi-Scythian legends^ Ephthalites also, but for more recent countries close to Iran and Khorasan, and perhaps also for Kabul, because we found pieces of this gender;

5* And the coins with Iranian-Scythian legends, to the Sassanid kings themselves, for the provinces from Eastern Iran where this writing was used, and later, little Yue-tchi princes who reigned in Punjab. We find this Iranian-Scy- writing ethics associated with phelvi and especially devanagari, on very beautiful silver coins having the appearance of coins of the 7th century; and associated with Kufic on

1. These are the currencies which have been presented and described for the first first time at the Congress of Orientalists in Saint Petersburg in 1878, by M. P. Lcrch. The reading proposed by this scholar is Bukharkhuddat, Je nc do not believe that it can be considered definitive, because it does not rope not with all variations. These currencies are also included in the aforementioned catalog of M. de Murkof under numbers I & 9, p. 133.

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TOLRANIAN COINS 225

a currency of the type of the Arab governors of Iran (Wilson pi. XVII, no. 4).

In summary, the currencies minted by the people of Turanian origin who occupied Turkestan, eastern riran, the valines of Kabul and Tlndus, make us known (outside of Devanagari) around ron nine different alphabets, used concomitantly ment, from the ui** to the 7th century of our era, and borrowings (except Tirano-Scythian), to Iranian populations or Indians in the midst of which these Touranians lived.

E. Drouin.

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THREE FREE SEALS OF THE HOLY LAND

PI. VIII

I would like to inform readers of the Review of three entirely new lead seals which belonged to a prince and two priests of Period of the Crusades. These seals, which have all three were sent from Asia, have recently become part of my collection. We know the extreme rarity of these pre- heaven monuments and their importance to history from the Latin East.

To give an idea of their small number, I will only say that, for almost twenty years that I searched for them with zeal, I was barely able to obtain them about twenty.

The most precious of these three seals is that of a Frankish count of Sidon, Renaud, who was lord of this place after his father Girard, between the years 1165 and 1204 approximately. Until now we did not know no seal of the Count of Sidon, one of the most important Latin principalities of Overseas. We possessed only, of the two princes Girard and Renaud, very rare small copper coins in type of arrow which has been so ingeniously inter- loaned by Adrien de Longpcrier. He demonstrated that

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this arrow or sagette was none other than Teinbleme speaking of the city of Sidon named Satda or Saita by the Arabs and Saiette by the Franks.

Renaud de Sidon had a long, agile reign. Escape by a miracle at the great disaster of Hittin, taken more later through Saladin, he obtained from his conqueror the restoration tution of half of his fiefdom. The beautiful seal that here (pi. VIII, n* 2) represents him on horseback, wearing cylindrical helm from the 11th century, a sort of skullcap will be a hemispherical summit; he wears the long coat of mail and is covered with the triangular shield. The even stirrups are indicated. Renaud holds with one hand the pole of a long floating banner.

The legend of the law is S{igillum)l RAINALbl 5 SYtlONieNSIS. The one on the reverse is CIVITAS • SYbONIGl On this second face of the seal we can see tinge in fact one of these so curious representations city names, very frequent on the seals of the Crusade, a sort of ideal city where these groups are some features of the main buildings of the city. This time Sidon, as is most often the case, wind the case, is represented in the form of a door created nelee, flanked by two towers; but here both Towers are of diiferent height and shape. The one on the left, higher, crenellated, certainly figures the keep, the supreme resource of the city in the event of peril. The one on the right, lower, ends with a bulbous dome, flanked by small equal lookouts bulbous, is no less certainly the representation of the main religious building of Sidon: the cathedral, a former transformed mosque

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G. SCHLUMBERGBR

transformed into a Christian church by the conquest. So are united on this seal the two buildings recall the two main faces of the crusade, war and religion. The two symbolic letters ACO are placed cees above this ideal representation.

The second seal is that of a Latin patriarch of Antioch, names Peter (pi. VII, n"* 1). He is arrived (5 from the Orient with the previous seal. On the right: the legend * PGTRVS PATRIARCbA ANTIOCb*('^) surrounded by a half-length reffigy of the prelate, wearing the miter k double horn, blessing with the right hand, holding from the left a cross. On the reverse, with the legend * SIGILL*(wm)SANCTl:PeTRI: APOSTOLI, we see Tefiigie also half-length of Saint Peter, the patron of Antioch, holding the traditional keys. We already possesses some seals of the Latin patriarchs of this first of the fortresses conquered by the Franks in Syria; I have public in the Musie archeolo- logically that of the patriarch Amaury or Aimery, but I didn't yet know any with the name of a of the two patriarchs Peter, and above all I do not know any I know of none that was in such a good state of preservation.

It is impossible to decide whether the seal I public today, isolates and tears from the document that it sealed, belonged to Patriarch Pierre d'Angou- leme, died in the first half of Tan 1208, or well to his immediate successor, Italian Peter II, former abbey Locedio, former bishop of Ivre, one of the twelve electors of Emperor Baudouin in Constantine nople, installed patriarch of Antioch on March 5, 1209, put to death by the Count of Tripoli in Head of 1217.

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229

However, I would rather opt for Peter 1 because that this prelate was a contemporary of Renaud de Sidon whose seal came to me with this one, and that very probably both were primitive vely appended to one and the same document.

The third seal that I release today is also very interesting; moreover he is in a admirable state of conservation. 11 belonged to a abbot names Serge, from the famous Latin abbey of Saint Paul of Antioch, the main monastery of this large city, located towards the eastern end of the town on the first slopes of Mount Silpius. We noticed there, among other notable things, a crypt decorated with mosaics with an oil gold background, according to tradition, Saint Paul wrote his epistles. In front the doors of this very revered chapel were places the tombs of Bouchard of Magdeburg, Counts Oger of Oldenburg and Wilbrand of Har- lemont. The abbeys of Saint-Paul were very powerful health. Until recently we did not know knows of them no seal. I published some in the Heme of Numismatics from 1888 one of the Cabinet of MMunich mails which bears the name of Fabb^ Ber- nard, cited in li97. Acquired in Sicily by the Cabinet of Munich about forty years ago, this seal had certainly been detached from one of the documents part of this famous Tabbaye collection of Our Lady of Josaphat, who was transported in Sicily after the ruin of Frankish domination in Orient and which is today kept in the archives /Palermo.

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G. SCHLUMBERGER

Here I can present today a new and magnificent seal of this little abbey, type everything different. This one comes to me from Smyrna. Here are some the description (pi. VIII, n** 3):

SV^/7////w) SeRGII:ABBATIS $• PAVLlrANTIO- CbGNI The abb^ seen from the front at half-length, holding the crozier and the book of the Kvangiles.

9*. * S\igi7lum) CONVeN'rVS:S:PAVLl: ANTIO- CbGNI* Saint Paul, seen from the front at half-length, holding the book of the Gospels, placed above the church abbey church, represented by a triple apse vault pendants with the two transepts whose roofs are surmounted by crosses. Under the triple apse, Tabbe, nu-tHe, standing in the middle of his monks.

This superb seal must, it seems to me, belong to the first years of the 13th century. The name of Tabb^ Serge brings to five the number of the abbes of Saint- Paul dWntioche, whose names we know. Mr. Rophricht gave the list of the other four to the page 6 of his precious Syria sacra: these are the abbes: Robert, c\i6 in 1140, Pierre, c\i6 in 1167, Falco, cited in 1183 and 1186, Bernard (the one of whom I public the seal in 1888), cited in 1197. In addition Mr. Roehricht mentions an abb6 T...., cited in 1108, and two anonymous abbeys, cited one in 1205, the other in 1213. Perhaps one of these anonymous abbeys is the same as our ab6 Serge.

GUSTAVE SchLUMBERGER.

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CHRONICLE

CONFEDERATION CURRENCY STRUCK IN SAINT-MIHIEL. XIV® SljsCLE

In his great work on the currencies of the h^redi- dues Uiiires of Lorraine \ and in that of the currencies of the counts and due de Bar^, M. de Sauley gives the description of the various coins struck in the name of Jean I**", due from Lorraine, from 1346 in 1389, and in the name of Robert, due de Bar, from 1352 to 1411; he also deerits several parts of confederation which, subsequently of a treaty of alliance eonelu in 1371, between the aforementioned John I" and Robert, were issued to Naney, marked with the name and arms of the two allied princes, for which Robert had to provide the due from Lorraine de Targent in ingots, for a sum of twenty a thousand florins. These coins were put into circulation around the year 1371.

Several types of these confederation currencies have been known. or alliance, struck at Naney; but the learned author of The above works make no mention of Allianus currency. struck at Saint-Mihiel in the name of the two dues and with Tecu gone of Lorraine and Bar.

A beautiful copy of this coin was found, in 1873, in the work carried out in Verdun on the location of the mine Saint-Airy Abbey; This piece is part of the Ver- museum dun; it seems to us all the more useful to point it out as it is not cited in any catalog and does not appear in any of the collections ments that he allowed us to visit; here is the description:

* lOHANEIETlROBER^nVX- Ecu from Lor-

1. Research on U$ coins of the royal debts of Lorraine, Mctz, 1841.

2. Research on the coins of the counts and dues of Bar, Paris, 1843.

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raine and Bar, sunnonte and accosted^ of three intersecting crosses- tees.

^' * MONETA: S: MICAELIS' Quartered pattee cross of four letters S*0*C*I* [socii or sociorum) in a garnetis.

Blackened silver. — Weight 1 gr. 10 mill, or 20 grains. Museum of Verdun.

This coin is therefore indeed a confederation currency or alliance between the dues Jean and Robert; we do not know if she was struck under a treaty other than that of 1371; we sorames happy to make it known, because it is, as we know, can see it, of a type different from that of the pieces described by Mr. de Saulcy; in addition, it bears the name of Tatelier de Saint- Mihiel: S*MICAELIS” who had not yet mentioned M as having produced the confederation currency.

Felix Libnard.

Last year, we found in Chambalud (municipality of Bouge-Chambalud, canton of Roussillon, 6 kilometers from Saint-Rambert, Isere) several hundred obols from Marseille contained in an earthenware vase, unfortunately broken, which appears to have been decorated with paintings. None of the mite I have views (approximately 00) were not of interest; only one is an imitation barbaric tation. In the same region, we made, towards the same period, another find of similar coins on which I don't have any specific information.

We found, a few months ago, in Saint-Marcel, near Ar- genton (Indre), a treasure of 237 Gallic silver coins of the following type: head on the left, hair divided into large wicks; J^f horse on the left, variable symbols (above the horse: wild boar, sword or branch; below: center circle from a point, three circles, cross, wheel). Only one of pieces that I saw (around a hundred) CAM portiiit under the horse. These currencies are generally attributed to the region of the Bituriges Gubi [Catalogue of Gallic Coins of the National Library, 1889, n*** 4092 to 4113, 4139). The news find conGrms this classification.

J.A.Bl.

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Mr. G. Maspero, member of the Institute, has just donated to Two-piece porcelain medal cabinet:

!•* Young head topped with a lion's remains, right. Ijf TITO" AEMAIOY [BAZIAEHZ] - Eagle on a thunderbolt returning the sky backwards and bearing a come of abundance; between its paws, a A (these are the types of bronze raonnaies attributed to Ptolemy IX Alexander, 116-88). Piece found in Karnak, in the mines of the city, north of the great temple. Diameter 0™.24; weight, 2 gr. 72 (fig.).

2 “Haired and bearded head nTOAEMAlOY BAlClAEHIJ Eagle on a thunderbolt, left (types of bronze coins, classified as uncertain Ptoleraea). Coming from the llaute- Egypt. Diameter 0™.19; weight, 1 gr. 85.

Until now, porcelain was considered a relative invention. vely modern, but recent discoveries have demonstrated that the Egyptians used an earth similar to kaolin. I wondered if these curious pieces, the first of this genus that has been reported, were not tesserae or tokens intended for some game; but Mr. Maspero, and I bow before his opinion, is inclined to consider them as mon- necessities made during some revolt.

J. -A. Blanchet.

Mr. Amedee Mourral, public prosecutor in Gap, had Kindly send us some small change which we believe to be undisclosed and of which here is the drawing and description:

1891 — 9 16

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SANTVS TROPHEMVS. The saint seated facing, blessing and holding a long palriarcjUe cross in the left hand.

I> ARK — PISCOP — VS-ET — PRINC Large cross patlee, cutting the legend and confined to two eagles and two bolsters.

This anonymous coin of the archbishops of Arles, in the xn'* ^iecle, is similar to that given by Poey d'Avant (n® 4101), according to Duby. Mr. Henri Meyer, the great collector known, has another variety of this currency with ARCE* PlSCOPyS*EJ*P (Catalogue of the H. Meyer collection, no. 1681).

J.A. Blaxchet.

SALINS COINS

The Cabinet des Medailles acquired some of the funds of the discovery of Franche-Comte, to which Mr. Garon devoted in the Revue numismatique^ 1889, p. 550, a brief entitled: Coins from the beginning of the 19th century minted in the county dc Burgundy.

This find “consisted above all,” says M. Caron, “of coins very good appearance, most well preserved and tooth type Drimitif gives the following reading:

+ SAVNISB-I.EGroix.

ly. in retrograde + SCVTINCOVhV- In the field COMMIT<^ ; letters CO are placed at the top under the cross and begin the legend of the field; reading comiiis paratt acquired. ". Mr. Caron hesitates, for the legend of law, between two Interpretations: Saunis B[urgum) The [donis)y unknown form of name of Lons-le-Saulnier, or else, Saunis abbreviation of Sali^ nense burgum. » All of Mr. Caron's preferences relate to the second hypothesis \ nothing seems more natural to him than the transformation of Salinis into Saunis,,. “but it seems that the rules of philology are formally opposed to the fact that 1*1 of Salinis can torab” because it is accentuated. This remark

1. Since then, Mr. Caron has spoken out very clearly in favor of ratifying these deniers & Salins and to the counts of Scodingue. Voyex Directory of Soc. fr. of numismatism, 1890, p. 182.

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is very fair. However, there is no question of phone here. tick, but only a question of paleography. Mr. Garon note that the legends of the coins n*** 11 and 12 “contain the number of legs necessary to write Sali/tis”. On the 3 of hi pi. XII of M. Garon, it is very visible, but it is reversed SAflNIS* On n^* 8 and 9, this menie lelter is reduced to a simple vertical line. It is easy to understand that the rapprochement of L I «it gives rise to a V

The prototype of the deniers studied by M. Garon therefore bore SALINIS- Following this word comes the letter B followed by her-merae of two other undetermined characters. For us, these two ciiracleres are deformations of the letters VR« On one of the funds acquired by the National Library and which is not figure on Mr. Garon's phinche, the legend remains unknown. test"ible by BV""R- The V is very clear also on n° 3 of the pi. Xll. L*V having one leg less strong than the other is become on certain copies a sort of *Y either \|. On others and especially on the denier that Mr. Garon looks at like the primitive type, it transformed into a | to which rests on one side the slightly inclined weaker leg, and on the other, at the head, the abbreviation sign. As for R, he became K on certain pieces, for example on the one whose we give here the image; but on most it changed into

a pole to which two horizontal lines are attached. Any- times n® 2 of pi. XII presents a singular alteration of BVR; this syllable became BVCI- The letters CI ^have parasites which probably have no meaning; we find them again in head of the legend on the reverse of the same coin. On No. 11 of the plate XII a C returns precedes SAVINS-QuJ>nt in the sense of BVR it is deduced from the text of the chronicle of Saint-Benigne, cited by M. Garon, and oil Salinas is qualified bur^um. BV""R done Tabreviation of hurgo. L.i normal place of the abbreviation sign

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230 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL BULLETIN

sorail soil .nu above groupc BYR^ soil above I'R: Ic engraver Ta inlorcale enire the last two letters, fault of having given the Itllres of the legend a height which allowed to superimpose this sign on them. Moreover, this intercalation is common in the nionel legends.

Let's move on to the legend of the reverse. The first letters are easy to read: tanlot SCVTINCOi t«ntot SCITINCO- first | in the second lesson we are only a deformation of TVf One of the janibages of this letter being more weakly marked. As for the signs which follow these first eight letters, they are RV letters are marked with an abbreviation. There will be no doubt point if we cast our eyes on the funds acquired by Hihliothocus, the one drawn above. R""V became KV then* IZVt^t even |~|. The legend is therefore SCVTINCOR""V for Sciitincorum. This is precisely the name that Mr. Caron desi- rail found on the currencies <^studied. The genitive .Sm/i/iroram is determined by the word COM ITS for Comitis ^circular writing- lies in the backfield.

Kn summarizes the prototype of tones these were on one side the legend SALINIS BV""R, from the aulrc, in the field, COMITS. el in legend SCVTINCO R""V. As for the date of the coins, On this point, we completely agree with Mr. (]aron. But the prototype could date back to the 10th century. Indeed the arrangement of the word COMITS recalls that of the word COMS on the funds of the Ungues coint in Lyon and that of the words HVGO DVX on certain pieces by Ungues Capet.

Mr. Proi'.

LIBRARY BULLETIN

A. Excel and R. Serruhe. — Numismatic features of t'toycn age. First volume, since the fall of the Roman Empire of the West until the end of the Carolingian period. 645 illustra- tions in the text. Paris, 1890, in-8, LXXXVII-352 pages.

MM. Engel and Serrure have just created a new title for themselves the recognition of numismatists. After drawing up the list of

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237

books and memoirs relating to French nurnismatics, they have wanted to extract the substance and put it within the reach of all histori- torians. Following the repertoire, the treatise. Seuleraent, MM. Engel and Serrure have extended their range. It's no longer about PVance alone, but of all the countries belonging to civilization Western. On the other hand, the Nioderne times are left rating. This treatise, the first volume of which has just been published, will understand that the numismatics of the Middle Ages.

What we must first praise is the chronological plan adopted by MM. Engel el Serrure. Instead of successively eluding- the coinage of each country in its entire development ment, they sought to explain the parallel revolution of institutions monetary conditions among the different nations of Europe. they have distinguishes four chronological groups: 1** Barbarian period; 2** the era of the Carolingian denarius; 3° the era of the feudal denarius; 4° the era of the silver gros and the gold florin; then in each of these groups they established geographical subdivisions, based on the contemporary geography of the monuments studied. Completing such a plan was not without great difficulties; but you can say that despite a few shortcomings, the authors left their company with honor. In all case, it is already a lot to have proposed for the mone- taries of the Middle Ages a scientific classification in accordance with history. MM. Engel and Serrure, true scholars, were unable to limit oneself to exposing the ideas of others; they sowed in their delivers a large number of original ideas and offers for many several problems with new solutions. They were the first to draws up an overview of the coins of the Merovin kings giens. On page 109 I find a very satisfactory explanation of ethnic adjective that we notice on some coins Merovingian; it is a qualifier of the word monetarius and not not the words ccclesia or civitas implied. Thus, on a piece by Dagobert, Acauninsis applies to the word mu[netarius]. These legends must be compared to the text of Gregory of Tours menlionnanl a turonicus monetarius. On page 187, here is a whole new chapter relating to the Frisians. For currencies of Charlemagne, the authors of the treatise did not adopt the class- proposed by A. de Longperier. This scholar did not attribute to Charlemagne that two monetary types, the one where the name of the

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238 NEWSLETTER BIBLIOGRAPHIC

verain esl ecril in two lines and which is the continuation of the type do Pt'pin; and the one where it appears as an imperial effigy. According to MM. Eftgel and SeiTure, it is necessary to add the deniers with the 16 legend CARLVS REX ic royal monogram. The composition of various finds vailles provides them with proof of the accuracy of this classification. n is useful in each order of study to draw up time k another an inventory of our knowledge which allows us to see at first glance what has been acquired and what remains acquire, to distinguish between solved problems and those which wait for a solution. Manuals of the kind that have undertaken by MM. Kngel and Serrure particularly favor progress of a science, not so much by their pedagogical side and popularizer only because they allow scholars to make complete the state of science and that by showing them the gaps to coiublor, they at once indicate the direction to give to their efforts.

Mr. Prou.

Amardel /D, The Narbonne mint during the league^ in-S**, 14 pages (Kxlrait of the Bulletin of the Archaeological Commission^

giquc do y ar bonne ^ 1800).

We knew, from the History of Langnedoc (t. V, p. 438), that the Niarechal de Joyeuse had coins minted in Narbonne, but we did not know the products of this workshop. Mr. Amar- del refound at the Niuseum of Narbonne of the corners, a dozen el a large one from Nesle, which bears the letter Q as a difference with the dates of 1588, 1500, 1501 and 1504, it is therefore possible that these pieces came out of the ephemeral pharmacy established in Nar- good.

J. Adribn Blanchet.

Julius Meili, Die Munzen des Kaiserreichs Brasiticn, in-8, 1890; — Die niif das Kniserreich Brasilien bez&glichen Medailten^ in-4^ 1800; — Portugiesische Munzen, in-8*”, 1890.

Mr. Meili, from Zurich, has brought together a very important collection of coins and medals from Brazil and Portuguese coins. The numisinalists who deal with contemporary currencies con-

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BIBLIOGRAPHICAL BULLETIN 239

will be pleased to see the beautiful plyototypy boards which reproduce show pieces from Mr. Meili’s collection. Let us point out parli- particularly the numerous countermarks imprinted on the Brazilian currencies and gold lingols. The choice of currencies Portuguese contains interesting pieces from the Middle Ages, they that the marabotin of Sancho I®*" and the gold and silver coins of Fernand I*'.

J.-A. Bl.

Henri Meyer. Henri Meyer Collection, Royal coins and sei^ history of France (chronologically classified), Paris, 1890, in-8^.

Mr. Meyer's extremely rich collection contains so many pieces of the highest interest, that it would be impossible to even indicate them summarily. We must thank Mr. Meyer for making available site of workers a collection which will serve them more than once by providing them with information on unpublished pieces. The currencies fdodales have one of the most important shares in this catalog.

J.-A. Bl.

MussET (Georges). The coinage of Richard Cceur-de-Lion in Poitou, Niort, L. Glouzot; La Rochelle, A. Foucher, in-8** of 14 pages, with a plate of 20 figures out of text. (Extr. from the Collection of the Commission of Historic Arts and Monuments rics of Gharente-Inferieure and Society of Archeology of Saints.)

M. G. Musset thinks that the types of the diffErents on the money duroi Richard, or their absence, served to distinguish the workshops and not the coiners, as Lecointre-Dupont believed. For Mr. Musset, it is the place occupied by the different which distinguishes the raonrayer.

1** Montreuil-Bonnin workshop: no different.

2^ Workshop of La Rochelle: a cross confined to a ringlet, at

l^', 2', 3® or 4®, depending on the coiner. 3® Atelier de Saint-Jean-d'Angely: ring on the reverse. 4** Niort workshop: stitch on the reverse, top or bottom, above

or below such letter, depending on the coiner.

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5** Atelier de Charroux(?): nail on the reverse, lourn^ on the left or a straight, following the coin mechanism.

Co clioix of the nail ^ instrument of the Passion, as different, perhaps alludes to the relic of the true Cross preserved in Tahhaye de Gliarroux; hence the pre-assured allocation of a workshop in this place.

R. MOWAT.

The Granty F. Feuardent.

Mflcon, Protat frdros, printer

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GREEK COINS

UNPUBLISHED OR LITTLE KNOWN [Continued *)

PI. IX and X.

21. Talismanic medal of Alexander the Great. Diademed and idealized head of Alexander the Great, k right. ^f. BACIA€n | AAEZAN. Pallas seated on a throne, left, holding on his outstretched right hand a little Victory; she is leaning on her left arm on his shield placed on the ground and decorated with a head of M^duse ; at the same time she holds with her left hand his spear resting on her.

The medal is encased in a circular frame, equipped with a suspension hook, decorated to the right of VA-shaped striations, and sawtooth cut , on the reverse. — M. 23 millim. — Weight: 9 gr. 45. — PI. IX, fig. 1.

I consider this piece of gold to be highest importance. In fact, it is one of those talismanic medals that were manufactured under The Roman Empire, particularly from Cara- calla and Alexander Severus, a Teffigy of Alexander the Great divinis6. Fr. Lenormant devoted to this genre

1. See Retfue numismaiique, 1891, first quarter, pp. 16 6. 1891 — 1 17

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p. DB 8AXB-COBOURG

of medals a very interesting chapter to which I I only had to return the reader*. I will also point out as being able to provide clarification on this interesting subject, the doctoral thesis, very recent, byM. Abbe Beurlier, titled: De divinis honoribus quos acceperunt Alexander and his successors. (Paris, Thorin, 1890).

MM. Lenormant and Beurlier having brought together and comments on all the literary testimonies which con- surround these montiform talismans, I am content- I will only recall here some of the texts which relate more directly to medals similar to the one I make known today.

It was first Tr^bellius Pollio who said: “We pre- tends that those who wear the statue of Alexander in gold or in money are protected in all the acts of their life*. » Lampride expressly informs us that medals of our kind were made by Order from Severe Alexandre: “He had names made many medals with the figure of Alexander, which a few in electrum, but the greatest number in gold'. » Finally, Saint John Chrysostom reproaches severely to the Christians of his time “to attach at their heads and at their feet, like amulets, bronze medals of Alexander the Macedonian *”.

The style of our medal and the barbarity of the legend prove that it is probably not

1. Fr. Lenormant, Money in tanliquUS, t. I, pp. 39 & 4^.

2. Treb. Poll., Trig, tyrann., 14.

3. Lamprid., Alex. Sdv., 25.

4. J. Chrjsoit., Ad ilium ealechum. homil. \l, 5.

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before the 4th century of our era. But we notice- quera that the head of Alexander is similar, except for style, the one that appears on Tun des c^lebres medallions from the treasury of Tarsus, preserved in the Cabinet from France. These medallions found, it is said, at Tarsus, have dd draws ench^kss^s, as indicated by their edge thinned, in a frame or any ornament, such than a piece of goldwork, and they certainly served protective talismans, like our piece which differs only in module and style. The reverse of our medal is imitated from that of the world born of Lysimachus who have the right to the head of Alexander the Great with the comes of Ammon. There are mon- bronze plates struck in the name of Alexander, under the Roman Empire, which also wear this same reverse of Pallas Nicophore; we never find it on the coins of Alexander himself.

22. Byzantium (Thrace). M-AYP-CEVH-AAEZANAPOC-

AYr. Laurel bust and drape of Severe Alexandre, a right. ^. ANTnNEINIA CEBACTA. In Texergue: BYZANTIflN. Square table topped with the urn of games in which is a palm, and two others smaller vases. Under the table the urn which was used for draw. — MU mill. — PI. IX, fig. 2.