General Collection of Greek Coins of Asia Minor, vol. I, part 1 — vol. I.1 — 1904

61-59 BC AD

45. In ch. FRIEND 20Y. Bust of Pallas or Rome, helmeted, right.

1^. ET7I TAIOY | TTAneiPIOY I KAPBHM, ex. PHMH. Rome Nicephorus

seated left. on weapons, the left hand. placed on his shield. JE 21 to 22 — Imh, Lôbb, P [PI. VIII, fig. 5], V (rude).

In 56 BC. AD 6. Same right.

1^. ETTI TAIOY | KAIKIAIOY | KOPNOYTOY, ex. PflMH. Same type.

JE 21 — W [PL VIII, flg. 6], P, L {Cat. ft. IV, 6), Cop, Imh, B. Lôbb.

Period of the accession of Augustus

47. Head of Apollo right. ; below, the monogram. fe|.

fy. Ex. AMIIOY- Woman (Amisus) standing right, hiding her hand right in her breast, and holding with the lowered left a strip. In facing, another woman (Rome) standing, right extended, and holding left the spear and the shield.

JE 27 — Imh [PL VIII, flg, 7].

48. Same type; below, the monogram. J^.

1^. Ex. AMIIHNnN. Same type (retouched). JE 27 — W.

49. Same type, under the monogram, |*p. ^i. Same as the previous one. JE 27 — Lôbb (thick).

Coins minted under the empire, without the name of emperor.

I. Apec date.

5o. AMIIOY. Bust of Pallas right.

1^. ETOYI I (60 = 28/9 AD). Owl standing left.

JE 19 — W [PL VIII, flg. 8], Imh {Griech. Mùn\en, pi. III, 21).

5i. AMICOY GAEY0EPAC Same bust on the right.

1^. ETOYC P[M]E (145? = 1 13/4?). River lying to the left. JE 16 — Imh (2nd coll.), V (date erased).

1. These coins allude to the foedus aequum between Amisus and Rome, mentioned by Pliny young (ad Traianum, ep. 92) and in the Claros inscription, BCH, XVIII, 217.

AMISUS 59

53. Head of Dionysus surrounded by ivy on the right. Ct. ETOY2 PÂ (130 = 98/9), ex. AMIIOY. Half-open cistus from which

a snake escapes; behind, thyrsus in saltire. JE 2 5 _ w [PL VIII, flg. 9], Lobb.

54. Same head to the right. In front, GT. CZF (266 = 234/5). 1^. AMICOY, ex. GAGY I 9GPAC Same cist.

JE 21 — M, Pe, Lôbb, Imh (Griech. Munçen, pi. III, 22).

55. Variety with AMICOY | GAGY.

JE 2 1 — W [PL VIII, flg. 10], Imh.

56. Variety (with full legend), CIH date (268 = 236/7). JE 2 1 — P (rude).

57. Variety with date CTTA (284= 252/3). JE 2 1 — Comm.

58. Same right and CTTA date.

Ct. AMICOY 6A6Y0GPAC. Veiled Demeter, standing left, holding ears of corn and

a long torch. JE 21 — Lobb [PL VIII, flg. 11].

59. [AMICOY] GAGVOGPAG Same head to the right.

1^. GTOVC CTTA (284 = 252/3). Thyrsus and strip. JE 22 — Imh (2nd coll.) (Kleinas. Miinqen, pi. I, 2).

60. AMICOY GAGY6GP- Same head on the right.

fy>. AMICOC” e.g. CTTA. Fruit basket. I 16—W.

6 1 . Same right.

1^. AMICOY • GA, ex. CTT9 (289 = 257/8). Same type. JE i5 — B [PL VIII, flg. 12].

62. GT 'CIA (261 =229/30). Young bust of Hermes right, bare head, caduceus

on the shoulder. Ct. AMICO | Y. Capricorn on the right. £ 1 5 — P [PL VIII, flg. 18].

63. Variety with date C[TT?]A (284?= 252/3?). JE 18 — Weber (London).

64. AMICOY GAGY06PAC. Term, of three quarters, on a base. Ct. P^jB (192 = 160/ 1). Winged caduceus.

£21 — W [PL VIII, flg. 14].

6o AMISUS

65. AMIZOY EAEYGEPAC. Young laureate bust (Marcus Aurelius?) right. T$L. Same as the previous one.

JE 20 to 24 — P [PL VIII, fig. 15], Imh, B, Lobb.

66. Turret bust of Tyche right.

St. AMICOY GAG..., in ch. [Cn]r (283? = 25i/2?). JE 21 — B ■ [PL VIII, fig. 16].

II. Undated.

67. AMICOC. Head of Tyche crowned right. 1^. AMICOY GAeeePA {sic). Spread eagle.

JE 20 — V, Imh [PL VIII, ilg. 17], Carlsruhe.

Coins struck with imperial effigies or with the name of the emperors.

August.

68. AMIZOY eAGYeePAC. Bust of Pallas right.

1^. [CG1BACTOY. Nike standing left, holding crown and horn

of abundance. JE 16 — Lobb [PL VIII, flg. 18].

~ 69. Leg. crude. Bare head of Augustus right. p

Ct. AMIZHN... Bust of Pallas, left. À* 1 tH ■ K,V4 M -^ ** d c . *>*+" JE 20 — Lobb.

70. AMIZHNnN. Laureate head right.

Ct. ETOYZ AA (3i = 2/1 BC). Confronting heads of Caius and Lucius

Caesars. JE 20 — W [PL VIII, flg. 19].

Tiberius.

71. ZEBAZTOZ. Laureate head left. Two countermarks; in Tune, Nike

standing, in the other, a Capricorn. fy. AMIZOY ETOYZ 2 (60 = 28/9 AD). Equity seated left. tenant

a scale. JE 3o — W (trace of 2 in front of the emperor's neck), Imh [PL VIII, fig. 20],

Lobb, Pe.

1. This piece is perhaps the one that Mionnet [Suppl., i38) describes thus, according to Sestini: Tutulated head and veiled as a woman, r^. AMICOY 6AGY96PAC” in the field, the date CKf“ Without type. Iii.

X

AMISUS 6 1

Claude.

72. ZEBAZTOZ. Laureate head right. On the other hand. a caduceus. Ct. ETOYZ | In (85 = 53/4 *P- J--C-) I AMIZO I Y. All in one cou- laurel wreath.

JE 20— Lôbb [PL VIII, flg. 21], P. de Saxe-Cobourg (Rep. Num., 1891, ft. IX, 3).

Agrippina.

73. ZEBAZTH. Head right. On the other hand. a star. Ct. AMIZOY; ch. ETO | YZ | In. Niké walking right.

JE 1 5 to 19 — W [PL VIII, flg. 22], P (rough date), Weber (London); Imhoof, Kleinas. Mùn\en, p. 1).

Vespasian.

74. 0EOC CEBACTOC. Laureate head left.

Ct. ETOY | C AP (law = 69/70 AD) I AMI I COY (or AMIC I OY) in

a laurel wreath. JE 19 to 21 — L, W [PL VIII, flg. 23] (with GEOZ ZEBAZTOZ and behind

the head a cluster), Lôbb.

Trajan.

75. eeOY CGBACTOY TPAIANOY. Nike walking left, holding crown

and palm.

Ct. AMICOY eAGYOePAC [GTOYC] PK6 (129 = 97/8). Woman (Amisus) standing on the right, right hand on her breast, and holding with the left lowered a strip; opposite, another woman (Rome) standing, te- nant from the right extended probably a coat hook, and from the left a spear and a shield.

JE 22 — B [PL VIII, flg. 24].

76. Same right.

Ct. [AMICOY] eAGYeePAC, ex. GTOYC PKG. At the bottom, three small mounts wooded cules next to each other; in front, on the left, a lighted altar; on the right, a temple.

JE 25 — B [PL VIII, flg. 26].

77. Same description (the word AMICOY legible). JE 22 — Pe.

78. AYT hEP TPAIANOC KAICAP C€ l"€P A. Laureate and armored bust, right.

St. AMICOY EAEY6EPAC ETOYC PME (145 = 1 13/4). Pallas standing left,

62 FRIENDS

holding hands dr. a peg above a lighted and enguired altar landé, and the left hand. a spear; at his feet, his shield. JE 19 — Imh (2nd coll.).

Hadrian.

79. AYT • KAI TPA AAPIANOC CGB (or CGR) n-n-Yn T '. Laureate bust right.

I£. AMICOY EAEY0EPAC ETOYC ex. Pir (i63=i3i/2). Zeus Nicephorus

seated left. M 25 — gr. 9.02 W [PI. VIII, fig. 26]; 8.60 B; 8.61 Imh [Zeit.fùr Num. y

XX, pi. IX, 7).

80. Same right.

Ct. Same leg. and date. Pallas Nicephorus standing left, hand left. on his

shield placed on the ground. M 18 — gr. 2.70, 2.38L; 3.o3 L {Cat. ft. IV, 8); 3.33 P [PL VIII,

flg-27]; 2.77W; 2.07 Imh; 2.10 M (rude); 2.5o M; 2.80V; 2.24B;

Lobb; T; F.

81. Same right.

Ct. Same leg. Tyche seated left, holding left hand. a horn of abundance and the right extended a rudder placed on a small hairless and horned human head, sometimes turned to the left, sometimes to the front.

iR 21 — gr. 5.90 P [PL VIII, flg. 28]; 6.06 L {Cat. ft. IV, 7); 6.19V (Imhoof, Zeit.fùr Num.,XX, pi. IX, 6); 5.54 I MH (with C squares); Lobb.

82. Same right.

St. AMICOY EAEY9EPAC ETOYC PIA (164= i32/3 AD). Poseidon standing left, right foot on a ship's bow, holding right hand a dolphin, left on his trident.

JR 21 — gr. 5.8o Imh [PL IX, flg. 1]; 6.5o P; Lobb; T (Lavy).

83. Same right.

I$t. Same leg. with date in ch. Capricorn on the right; between his legs, a small globe; on his back, a cornucopia.

iR 19 — gr. 2.68 L (pi. IV, 9); 2.48P; 2.55 P [PL IX, flg. 2]; 2.72 Cambridge; 2.88 B; 2.55 Imh; Lobb, V.

84. Same right.

IJt. AMICOY EAEYOEPAC ETOYC PIE (i65= i33/4 AD). Dionysus naked, head encircled with ivy, standing on the left, pouring the contents of a cantharus on an altar, the left on a thyrsus decorated with

1. narfy) ica?p{8oç (foaTOc f\

AMISUS 63

ribbons and turned tip down; at his feet, a panther, head turned towards the god. JR 25 — gr. 8.86 L {Cat. ft. IV, 1 1); 8.25 P [PL IX, flg. 8].

85. Same right.

Ct. Same leg. Apollo standing left, holding right hand. a branch of

laurel, left arm. leaning on the tripod. JR 21 — gr. 5.3i W (behind the tripod, a bell?) [PI. IX, flg. 4];

6.o5 Imh (head of Hadrian left; snake around the tripod [PL IX, flg. 5]);

Lobb.

86. Same law. Head of Hadrian tojj. or to the right.

Ct. Same leg. Veiled Demeter standing left, holding two ears of corn in her hand right, the left on a long torch with a knotted shaft.

JR 19 — gr. 2.90 L {Cat. ft. IV, 10); 3.i5 P [PI. IX, flg. 6]; 2.58P; 2.95V; 2.70 Imh; 3.i5 B.

87. Same right.

1$L. Same leg. Hermes (Antinous?) naked standing left, holding the purse and the

caduceus. JR 19 — Cop [PL IX, flg. 7].

88. Same right.

Ct. Same leg., with the PIC date (166 = i34/5 AD). Hermes (Anti- us?) naked standing left, holding the caduceus in the right hand. and a drapery from the g. lowered.

JR 19 — gr. 2.78 P [PL IX, flg. 8]; 2.72V.

89. Same law. Laureate and armored bust, right.

St. AMICOY EAEYOEPAC ETOYC PIS or PIC. Asclepius and Hygeia standing. JR2S — gr. 9.40 W [PL IX, flg. 9].

90. Same law. Bust right.

1^. Same leg. At the bottom, three wooded mounds; in front of the middle one, a lighted altar; in front of the one on the left, an ox for sacrifice; in front that on the right, a distyle temple in which is a statue seated on the left. (probably Zeus); in the exergue, a sea monster turned to the left.

At 21 — gr. 5.45 Imh [PL IX, flg. 10]. ft V-..'-

91. Same leg. Head right.

1^. AMICOY EAEYOEPAC ETOYC PIZ (167 = i35/6 AD). Hera hairstyle fairy with a high diadem, standing left, holding in her right hand a apple (?) and on the left a scepter surmounted by a ball. JR 19 — gr. 2.85H; 2.40 P [PL IX, flg. 11]; 2.46 B; Pe.

64 FRIENDS

92. Same right.

$t. Same leg. and date. Security standing left, holding hands right. a

coat hook, leaning on left arm. on a column. JR 20 — gr. 2.5o M [PL IX, flg. 12].

93. Same right.

$t. Same leg. and date. Security as in n° 92; but the goddess holds

furthermore on the left arm. a scepter surmounted by a ball. iR 19 — gr. 2.10M.

94. Same right.

I£. AMICOY EAEY6EPAC ETOYC PIH (168 = 13ô/7 AD). The Dios- cures standing side by side, leaning on their spears and holding the sword on the left arm.

JEL 26 — gr. 7.70 P [PL IX, flg. 13] 6.5o Imh; Lobb.

95. Same right.

I$t. Same leg. Demeter standing left, holding in her right hand a hook, the left on a long torch with a sometimes knotty shaft.

iR 19 — gr. 2.82 P [PL IX, flg. 14]; 3.oi P (head to left); 2.3o Imh; 2.65 V;T(Lavy).

96. Same right.

$t. Same leg. Figure (the Emperor?) naked, with radiated head, standing left, the sword at the side, holding a small Nike on the right hand, and the spear of the left.

JSL 21 to 24 — gr. 5.95 P [PL IX, flg. 15]; 5.38 Imh {Griech. Munien, ft. IV, 4).

97. Same right.

IJt. Same leg. with PI0 (169 = 137/8 AD). Isis standing left, holding

from the hand of dr. the sistrum and the g. lowered the basket with handle. JEL 23 — Lobb [PL IX, flg. 16].

98. Same right.

St. AMICOY EAEY6EPAC, ex. ETOYC PI6- Hades-Serapis seated enthroned

to left. ; at his feet Cerberus. At 25 — gr. 8.35 P [PL IX, flg. 17] ; 7.20V.

Sabine.

99. CABEINA CEBACTH* Bust to the right, hair curled into a crown.

IJt. AMICOY EAEY6EPAC ETOYC PIS or PIC (166 = i34/5). Artemis hunt-

AMISUS 6ï>

seresse standing to the right. turning the head away, the right hand and arm extended and holding his bow with his left lowered. JBL 21 — gr. 4.38 Imh {Griech. Miinian, pi. IV, 5); Lobb [PL IX, flg. 18].

ioo. Same leg. Tiara bust, hair falling on the nape of the neck.

Ct. Same leg. Naked Hermes, standing left, holding the purse and caduceus. > JEL 18 — gr. 2.90 P [PI. IX, flg. 19] ; 2.63 W (broken); 2.80M; 2.65V; 2.58 B (rude); Lobb.

101. Same right.

Ct. Same leg. with the date PIZ (167= i35/6). Type of Artemis hunter resse, as above, at n° 99. iR 2 1 — gr. 5.42 P [PL IX, flg. 20].

102. Same right.

$t. Same leg. and date. Hera standing, wearing a high diadem, her hand

Dr. extent. A 19 — T (University).

io3. Same right.

Ct. Same leg. and date. Piety standing left, holding right hand. a

grain of incense (?) and falling under g. the folds of its drapery. JEL 19 — Lobb [PL IX, flg. 21].

104. Same right.

Ct. Same leg. Sabine in Securitas standing left, holding a hook and

leaning on left arm. on a cippe. JEL 21 — gr. 2.5o L [PL IX, flg. 22]; 3.02V.

io5. Same right.

Ct. Same leg. with the date PIH (168= i36/7). Demeter standing left, holding

from the hand of dr. a hook and the left. a long torch. A. 18 — gr. 2.88L; 2.5i B (rude); Pe; Lobb.

106. Same right.

Q&. Same leg. with the date PI6 (169= 1 37/8). Aphrodite naked, diademed, crouching to the right, turning the head away, and holding the left. raised a mirror. At 18 — gr. 2.55 P [PL IX, flg. 28]; 2.25V; Lobb.

107. Same right.

Ç&. Same leg. Hermes standing, as in No. 100. A 18 — Pe [PL IX, flg. 24]”.

1. Not reviewed: Sabine. Qt. AMICOY EAEYGEPAC ETOYC PIH* Hera standing (type dun. 10a). Jg^ 19. Mionnct, Suppl. 148 (Allier).

9

66 FRIENDS

Aelius Caesar.

108. TO AIAIOC KAICAP. Bare head to the right.

IJt. AMICOY EAEY0EPAC ETOYC PIO (169 = 137/8 AD). Equity standing to the left, holding a scale in his right hand and a scale in his left a cornucopia.

JEL 18—gr. 2.99 L {Cat. ft. IV, 12); 2.90 P [PL IX, flg. 25] ; 2.76B; Vatican.

Antoninus the Pious.

109. AYTKAIAIOC KAICAP ANTHNEINOC Bare head right.

Ct. AMICOY EAEY0EPAC ETOYC PTT0 (189 = 157/8 AD). Tyche

standing left. iR 18 — gr. 2.65 V [PL IX, flg. 26] ; 3.oo Imh.

Marcus Aurelius.

1 10. AY • KAI • AY Young head right.

Ct. AMICOY EAEYOEPAC Bust of Dionysus, crowned with ivy and draped,

on the left. JEL 23 — Imh [PL IX, flg. 27].

Convenient.

neither. AY M AY[PHA KO]MOAOC Laureate and draped bust right. In countermark a capricorn.

Ct. AMICOY eACYeePAC, ex. €T CIA (214 = 182/3 AD). Tyche seated left, holding left hand. a cornucopia and the right a rudder placed on a small human head, horned and with long hair want, in profile on left.

JE 3o — P [PL IX, flg. 28].

M 5b — Lôbb (without the counterm.) (Imhoof, Kleinas. M un., pi. I, 1).

Septimius Severus.

t 12. AYT K A C€[.- C]€OYHPOC CC Laureate bust right. Indistinct countermark.

St. AMIC[OY eAGYeePjAC. The Thermodon River, half naked, lying at

l., holding a shrub in the right hand. and leaning on the left. on a

rock from which waves escape; below 6£PMftAAN« In the field

CT I CMA (241 = 209/10 AD)

£30 — P [PL IX, flg. 29].

AMISUS 67

JULIA DOMNA.

1 13. IOYA AOMNA CCBACT. Bust right.

IJt. AMICOY eACYee €T ex. CMH (248 = 216/7 AD). Tyche tour- Lee seated on left. on a throne with an ornate back, holding g. a cornucopia and relying on dr. on a rudder. ki^Li.

JE 32 — B [PL IX, Ag. 80]. ^^ ^^ *&*

Caracalla.

1 14. AY K M AYP ANTONINOC* Young laureate and armored bust to the right. Countermark

indistinct. IJt. AMICOY eACYeePAC ex. €T. CMA (241 = 209/10 AD). Démé-

ter (?) standing left. in a tetrastyle temple. JE 3 2 _W[PLIX,Ag.81].

1 1 5. AY • KA • (or KAI) M • AYP ANTflNINOC- Bust to the right, bearded and laureate head. Ct. AMICOY €AeY9€PAC ex. €T • CMC (245 = 21 3/4 AD). Nike in

a big one going right. M 3 9 — P [PI. Œ, flg. 88]. I 35 — V.

1 16. Same right.

$t. Same leg. Veiled and shrouded Tyche seated left on a throne, holding a cornucopia in his left hand, his right on a drop vernail placed on a bearded and horned head (the Euxin?) facing left. Opposite, Demeter standing on the right, holding two ears of corn right hand, the left resting on a long torch.

JE 35 — Imh [PI. X, flg. 1].

117. Same right.

Ct. Same leg. Demeter standing right. holding a long torch and cobs; in front of her, Pallas standing, leaning on his spear, the shield at his feet.

M 39 — W [PL X, ftg- S].

118. Same right.

fy. AMICOY eACYeePAC ex. €T CMH (248 = 216/7 AD). Nike in

a big one going to the right. iE32— W [PL X, flg. 3], b.

1 19. Same right.

1

68 FRIENDS

Ct. Same leg. Nike standing left, crowning the emperor. JE 32 — L [PI. X, flg. 4].

120. Same right.

Cl. Same leg. Tyche seated left, her rudder placed on a head

bearded in profile. iE32— W[Pl.X, fig.5]. JE 35 — Comm (Imhoof, Zeit.fiir Num. f XX, 259).

121. Same right.

fy. AMICOY eA€Y©*eT- ch. CMH. Nike walking right, holding a

palm and a crown. JE 23 — Imh [PL X, flg. 6].

122. Same right.

$t. Same leg. Head of Dionysus surrounded by ivy on the right. I 2b— V [PI. X, flg. 7].

123. Same right.

St. AMICOY €A€Y©€ The disbarred emperor standing in a quadriga at

right, holding the reins in the right hand, and in the left a scepter on mounted with a spread eagle.

;E32 — F [PI. X,flg. 8].

124. Same right.

Ct. AMICOY €A€Y0ePAC ex. €T CMH. The emperor galloping on the right, striking with his spear a lion which leaped under his horse. JE 34 — Cambridge [PI. X, flg. 9], Imh (rude)'.

Geta.

125. n • ​​CCTTT • TCTAC Bare head to the right. Indistinct counterarch.

• I£. AMICOY eACYeePAC €T ex. CMA (241 = 209/10 AD). Tyche seated left, the rudder placed on a bearded head. ,E32 — W[P1.X, flg. 10].

Macrinus.

1 26. AYT • K • M • OnCAA • MAKPCINOC Laureate and armored bust right.

Ct. AMICOY €A€YeePAC ex. €T • CM0 (249 = 217/8 AD). Tyche seated on the left. JE 34 — Imh [PL X, flg. 11], Pe, Lobb.

1. Not reviewed: Caracalla. Same piece with the date CM£ (Sestini, Hedervar, p. 11, n° 18).

AMISUS 69

DlADUMENIAN.

127. M-OTTGAA-AN-AIAAOYMGNIA-KAIC. Bust with bare head, right.

Ct. AMICOY GAGY6GPAC ex. GT0.CM9. Eagle, wings outstretched, on a

lightning. JE 25 — Imh [PI. X, flg. 12], N (rude).

Severe Alexander.

128 CeOYHPOC AAGEANAPOC CGB. Armored bust, bare head, right. ;

behind, €K.

Ct. AMIC • GAGY6EP Niké in a bige on the right.

JE 32 — P (rude).

JULIA MAESA.

12g. IOYA MGCAN C£B I . -AC (leg. retouched). Tiara bust right.

IJt. AMICOY GAGY9GPAC ch. €T • CN- (?). Dionysus standing left. leaning

on his thyrsus and offering a libation on an altar. JE 32 — W LP1. X, flg. 13].

Maximin.

i3o. AY • K • T • I • OYHPOC MAIIMINOC Radiate bust right.

Ct. AMICOY GAGY0GPAC GT • CIH (268 = 236/7 AD) ex. AMICHNHN | MIAHCIHN; in ch. O (= opovota). Apollo seated left, turning away head, holding a laurel branch in his right hand and his left hand lyre; next to him, right. Demeter standing, holding ears of corn and a scepter.

JE 3g— P[PL X,Ag. 14].

Balbin.

i3i. AYTO • K • ACKM • KAI • KAA • BAABINOC Laureate bust right.

Ct. AMICOY GAGYeePAC GT • CI0 (269 = 237/8 AD). Dionysus young man standing left, bare chest, holding a horn in his right hand of abundance, the left on a thyrsus decorated with ribbons. M 39 — B [PL X, flg. 15].

i32. Same right.

Ç&. Same leg. Tyche seated left. the rudder resting on a bearded head

and retort (type of No. 1 16). JE 35 — Comm (Imhoof, Zeit. fur Num., XX, 259).

70 FRIENDS

Gordian.

i33. AYT KAI M ANTON TOPAIANOC. Radiate and armored bust right.

fy. AMICOY GACVeePAC GTOYC CO[B] (272 = 240/1 AD). Heracles standing nude, facing, holding lion skin in right hand, left on his club. JE 35 — L [PI. X, flg. 16], Comm (the very clear COB date).

134. Same description. Rough date. JE 2 1 — Lobb.

i35 [r]OPAlANOC Radiated head.

Ct. AMICOY GAGY0GPAC GT • CTTÀ (?). Zeus seated left, holding a

globe and leaning on a scepter. JE 29 — Pe '.

i36. AYT KAI M ANTON TOPAI ANOC Radiate and armored bust right.

Ct. AMICOY GAGY0GPACGT... (rough date). Hermes naked, standing facing,

holding the bursa and caduceus. JE 36 — Lôbb [PL X, 11g. 17].

137. Same right.

Ç&. Same leg., rough date. Naked Poseidon standing left, resting right foot on a bow, and holding his trident with the right hand, the left hand. envelope- sword in its drapery. JE 35 — Comm.

Tranquilline.

i38. CABINIA TPANKYAINA CAIBACTH {sic). Bust right.

St. AMICOY GAGYGGPACex. GTOYC COB. Demeter standing holding ears of corn

and a long torch. JE 35— L [PL X, flg. 18].

i3g. Same right.

Ç&. Same leg. Pallas standing left, leaning on his spear and placing the

hand dr. on his shield at his feet. JE 37 — Lobb [PL X, flg. 19].

140. Same right.

Ç&. Same leg. Pallas Nicephorus standing left. ; at his feet his shield.

JE 37 — L.

1. The CTTA date (284 s a5a/3 AD) is impossible. We only know the piece through the Waddington's notes. Could this be a poorly read play by Émilien?

AMISUS 71

141. Same right.

$t. Same leg. Hermes standing facing the front, the chlamys on his shoulders, holding

the bursa and the caduceus. iE3 7 — W [PL X, fig. 20].

142. CABGINIA TPANKYAAGINA CGBACTH. Bust right.

1^. AMICO[Y.J Poseidon naked, standing left, his chlamys on the left arm, holding his trident in the hand dr. and setting foot on a dolphin. In the ch., traces of a date.

JE 35 — P [PL X, fig. 21], B (rude)'.

Otacilia.

143. M • nTA • CCYHPA CGBACTH. Bust right.

Ct. AMICOY GAGYGGPAC Tyché seated left. holding hand g. a horn

abundance and dr. a rudder placed on a human head. JE 36 — Lobb.

Philippe son.

144. M • I • 4>IAinnOC KAICAP. Bust right, bare head.

S&. AM[ICOY GAG]Y0GPAC. Tyche seated left, holding left hand. a cornucopia and on the right a rudder placed on a head human.

iE35 — P [PL XI, fig. 1].

Trajan Decius.

145 TPA • AGKIOC. Radiated bust right.

Ct. AMICY [sic) GAGY6G. Nike walking left, with palm and crown. I 2 5 — W [PI. XI, fig. 2].

Etruscillb.

146. [....G]TPOYCK[IAAA]... Bust on a crescent to the right.

Ct. AMICY (sic) GAGYGG ch. CflH (288 = 256/7). Nike walking left. JE 25 — L [PL XI, fig. 3].

Emilien.

147. AYT • K • . .AIMIAIANOC Bust right.

1. Not reviewed. Tranquilline, same piece with ET • A OC Medallion. Mionnet, Suppl. i55 (Settini).

s

£7 AMISUS

S&. AMICOY GAGY0GP., ch. €T.. Nude figure standing left. holding on

his two hands indistinct attributes. iE3o — B\

148. AYT • K - M. AIM • AIMIAIANOC. Radiate and armored bust right.

Ct. AMICOY GAGYeePAC G. CRÀ (284= 252/3). Asclepius standing, head to

g., leaning on his staff. JE 29 — Lôbb, P [PL XI, flg. 4], Imh (2* coll.) (with GAGY0GPPAC).

Valérien father.

149. A K n A OYAAGPIANOC Laureate bust right.

Ct. AMICOY GAGY0GP. Hermes standing left, chlamys on arm. JE 2 1 — W, V, B [PL XI, flg. 5.], M.

Gallienus.

i5o. AY K n A TAAAIHNOC. Radiated bust, right.

Çt- AMICOY GAGY0GPAC Pallas standing left. leaning on the hand g. on

his spear and dr. on his shield placed on the ground. JE 22 — Lôbb, P [PL XI, flg. 6].

1 5 1 . Same right.

ty>. Same legend. Nude Hermes standing facing front, holding hands dr. the

purse and g. the caduceus with the chlamys. JE 21 — P [PL XI, flg. 7.].

Salonina.

iS>2. KOP CAAHNINA CGBA. Bust right.

Ç&. AMICOY GAGY — Zeus(?) seated left, holding a globe in his hand

Dr. and relying on the g. on the scepter. JE 2 1 — W LPL XI. flg. 8], Pe, Lôbb, B (with COPN, sic).

1 53. Same right.

Ç&. AMICOY GAGY9G. Veiled Demeter standing left. holding hands dr. ears and leaning on the hand g. on a long pole torch knotty; in front of her a small lit altar. JE 23 — P [PL XI, flg. 9].

1. This piece is wrongly given to Gordian by Mionnet who describes it as follows, according to Sestini:

AYT K M TOPAIANOC Radiated bust. Ct. AMICOY EAEY0EP- î in lech.ET. ...ZeusOriens draped, standing left. bearing on the hand dr. a star and on the left. a globe. 3a. Mionnet, Suppl. 154.

AMISUS 73

^54. KOP CAAONINA CGBA. Tiara bust right, crescent at shoulders.

Ct. A M ICO Y €A€Y6€PAC. Nude Hermes standing facing front or left, holding the

bursa and caduceus. JE 18 — Imh, Winterthur.

Salonin.

i55. ...[OYA]A€P[l]ANO[C]... Bust right. #>. AMICO[Y...]. Spread eagle to the right. I 18—B.

i56. CAA OYAAGPI ANOC • • Bust, bare head to the right.

Çt* AMICOY €A£Y8€P— Niké standing to the right. holding a trophy with both hands. JE 18 — Lobb [PI. XI, flg. 10]'.

1. Not reviewed: TTO Al KOP OYAAGPIANOC KAL Laureate head of Salonin. fy. AMICOC Europe on a bull; underneath a dolphin. 26. Mionnet, Suppl. 1 56 (Valiant).

CABERA or CABIRA

See NEOCESAREA

1. Hereinafter, p. 85.

10

CERASUS

f H Kepacrouç, ethnic KepaaotSvrtoç, today Kiresoun or Kerasounda, approximately 120 kilometers to PO. of Trebizond. Xenophon mentions several times a town of that name, colony of Sinope, where the Ten Thousand went when leaving Tra- pezus; it was located three days' walk west of Trapezus (Anabasis, V, 3, 2). Arrian (Perip. 24) identifies this Cerasus with the city called of his time Pharnacia and located i5o stadia west of Cape Zephyrium, nearly 700 stadia (i3o kil.) of Trapezus; but Strabo (XII, 3, 17), Pliny (VI, 1 1) and Ptolemy (V, 6, 5) expressly distinguish the two cities: the first place Cerasus and Hermonassa, “mediocre towns”, along a gulf to the west of Trapezus (this is the large undulation of the coast between capes Iasonium and Hiero), without specifying the situation relative of Pharnacia and Cerasus, but bringing Hermonassa closer to Trapezus; Ptolemy places the cities in the following order from west to east: Hermonassa, Cerasus, Pharnacia, Trapezus. This contradictory information led to the admission by most modern geographers the existence of two cities named Cerasus'. However, it is possible that the authors of the imperial era only combined without criticism of information from different periods and that there is only one Cerasus. Absorbed in the Mithridatic era in the synoecism of Pharnacia, founded in the neighborhood, it will have, in the 2nd century, taken over, or rather imposed on Pharnacia, its old name: we can compare the history of Garigra-Germanicôpolis.

The coins of Cerasus are bronzes from the imperial period (Hadrian to Alexandre Sévère) which bear dates counted since the annexation of the Polemo Bridge nice to the Empire. The coins of Hadrian (died July 10, 1 38) and Antoninus with the same date 74= 137/8 prove, in fact, that the origin of the era is October 64 A.D.

Hadrian.

1. AYT • KAI • TPA • AAPIANOC ÇEB • Tl • n • Yll • l\ Bare head to the right.

Ct. KEPACOYNTI[nN ETOY]C OA (74 = ^7/8 AD). Naked Zeus, head laureate, standing left, holding a thunderbolt in the right hand, the left. on his scepter. JE 20 — Imh [PL XI, flg. 11].

1. And even three if we have to accept the KtpowoOç ic6Xiç 'EXtapCc to the west of Sinope mentioned by the only Scylax, § 89.

CERASUS 75

2. Same right.

.#> KEPACOYNTinN ETOYC OA- Naked Dionysus, standing left, leaning on hand left. on his thyrsus and slope of the dr. to a panther the idiot held from a canthar. JE 27 — Lobb [PL XI, flg. 12].

Antoninus the Pious.

3; AYT K T AIAIOC AAPIANOC ANTHNINOC CÈB. Bare head to the right.

St. KEPACOYNTICON ETOYC OA(74= i37/8AD). Asclepius standing left. I 20 — P.

4. . . [AY]TOK. [AN]TG>N€INOC Laureate head right.

fy. KePAtCOYNTICO]N 6TOYC BTT (82 = 145/6 AD). Poseidon standing

to left. with his trident. £2 27 — Comm.

5. AYT KAI... AAPIAN... Laureate head right.

I£. KEPACOYNTinN CTOYC nH (88= i5i/a AD). Asclepius standing

to left. leaning on his staff. JE 2b — B[P1. XI, flg. 13].

Marcus Aurelius.

6. AYT ANTFïNGINOC C€B. Laureate bust right.

Çt.KePACOYNTinN €T. <\H (98 = 161/2 AD). Naked at the feet of goat, walking left, holding a lit torch in his right hand and from the left the pedum.

I 21— P [PI. XI, flg. 14.]

Convenient.

7. AYT M AYP KOMOAOC (rude leg.). Laureate and armored bust right.

Ct. KGPACOYNTinN €T PKA (?) (121 = 184/5 AD). Trouble with five

rowers on left. JE 20 — Imh (rude).

Elagabalus.

8. AYT K M AYP ANTflNINOC. Laureate bust right.

Ct. KGPACOYNTinN €T PNfi (i56 = 219/20 AD). Standing naked Heracles, from the front, the right resting on its club, and holding the skin with the left of lion.

M 29 - H [PI. XI, flg. 15], L (Cat., pi. V, 2).

j6 CERASUS

9. Same right.

IJt. KCPACOYN € PNC. Naked Poseidon standing left, holding right hand.

a dolphin and leaning on the g. on his trident. JE 2 1 — Lôbb, P [PL XI, flg. 16].

JULIA PAULA.

10. KOPN nAYAA CeB. Bust right.

fy. KEPACOYNTIHN [G PNfi]. Woman seated left. holding a horn

of abundance, as in No. 12 below. JE 29 — P, broken [PI. XI, flg. 17], B (with the very clear PNfi date) (Imhoof,

Griech. Mutila bbg).

Severe Alexander.

,11. AYT • K • M • AY • CGOY • AA€ZANAPOC Laureate and armored bust right.

Ct. K€PACOY[NT]ICON ex. CT • GDP (162 = 225/6 AD). Figure case- qué seated on a seat on the left, leaning on a scepter, and holding the right hand a cornucopia surmounted by a small Nike. JE 29 — P [PL XI, flg. 18], T (rude).

12. Same right. , 1^. K6PAC0YNTIC0N ex. £T GDP. Veiled woman seated facing on a throne with high arched back, holding hand l. a cornucopia and relying on dr. on his scepter. £2 29 — Lobb [PI. XI, flg. 19], Winterthur.

i3. Same right.

$t. Same leg. and date. Heracles standing facing. JE29 — L[P1. XI, flg. 20].

14. Same right.

Ct. KEPACOY e.g. €TPOA(?) (171 =234/5 AD) Veiled woman

seated facing forward, as in n° 12. iE 29 — P (rude).

CHABACTA

Ta Xdtëaxa according to Strabo (XII, 3, 16), X&aocra on the coins, fortified village from the district of Sidène to Test de Side, by the sea. The exact site is unknown. Chabacta in the time of Strabo depended on the territory of Amisus; this is what explains that it no longer minted currency under the Empire. The autonomous bronzes are the time of Mithridates Eupator and the mithridatic types.

Period of Mithridates Eupator.

i. Hairless head of Perseus, wearing a helmet with chin straps, the tip is vulture head.

Qt. Ex. XABAKTHN, in ch. the monogram. £. Pegasus grazing on the left. JE 23 (thick) — P, Imh [PL XI, ftg. 21], Lobb.

2. Young helmeted head of Ares, right.

Ct. In ch. XABAKTO ... Sword in its sheath with baldric;

in ch. star and crescent, and the monogram. fi/ . JE 21 — L {Cat., pi. V, 3), P, W [PL XI, flg. 82], V, Imh, B, Lobb.

3. Aegis decorated/in the center with a head of Medusa.

Qt. In ch. XABA KTflN. Nike walking to the right; in ch. the

monogr. AI. JE 18 to 2 1 — H, L {Cat. y pi. V, 4), W [PL XI, flg. 28], Lobb, B.

4. Variety. 1

Cfc. Like the previous one, but in ch. star and crescent, without monogram.

I 2 1 — L.

5. Variety, with star and crescent, and the monogram. Kl. ^18 — P, B.

COMANA

Ta K6|xava t C oman a Pontica (to distinguish it from the homonymous city in Cappadocia); ethnic KopaveTc. The site is fixed by the inscription published in the Journal of Philosophy logy, XI (1882), p. i52, in Gheumenek, 9 kil. to the NE. of Tokat, on the Iris.

Comana, seat of an ancient cult of the Cappadocian goddess, was only a small town in the time of Mithridates, but its priest was the second person in state. The last holder of the priesthood under Mithridates Eupator was Dorylaus of Amisus' (Strabo XII, 3, 33). In 65, Pompey made Comana a principality with a territory 2 schenes or 60 stadia (radius?) around the temple and the town; he conferred the priesthood on Archelatis, son of the vanquished of Chaeronea (Strab., § 34); this one was succeeded, in 55, by his son Archelatis III. Caesar, in 47, replaced him with Lycomedes, this noble Bithynian, descendant of the ancient kings of Cappadocia” (Bell. Alex. y 66; Appian., Mith., 121) and added to the sacred territory an area of 4 schenes == 120 stadia (Strab., § 35). Later, Lycomède received, undoubtedly from Antony, the title of king * and new territorial increases, part of the ancient cities Pompeians of Zéla and Megalopolis (Strab., § 37). After Actium (3i) Augustus deposed Lycomedes and successively conferred the priesthood of Comana on Medeios (Dion, LI, 3) 3, to Cléon de Gordioucomé who died within the month of his installation (Strab., XII, 8, 9), finally to the Galate Dyteutos, son of Adiatorix (tortured tyrant of Heraclea in 29), who was still in office when Strabo published his Geography (XII, 3, 35). A few years later, Comana was incorporated into the provincial territory \ The date of the annexation - the era of Comana - results, within a year, of the currency minted under Nerva (Sept. 19, 96 to Jan. 25, 98) with the date TE (63). This part can only be 96/7 or 97/8; the era therefore starts from October 34 or 35 AD. J ,-C '•

1. According to Strabo (XII, 3, 33), he was “suppressed” for having been convicted of collusion with Rome. We are not certain whether it should be identified with the AopuXaoç "repair" who perished in 71 in the panic of Cabira (Plut., Luke, 17).

2. Strab., § 38; Dion, LI, 2; inscription of Didymes, Rev. PhiloL, XXIII, 148; Oro-coins daltis in Cius.

3. It results from this text that he had raised the Mysians against Antony, which strangely resembles- lies to what Strabo says about Cleon. Would the two characters be identical?

4. Comana counted first at the Galatic Bridge (Ptolemy V, 6, 9), but Hierocles and Justinian (Nov. 28) place it in the polemonic Pont.

5. This result is confirmed and clarified by the inscription Inscr. graec. rom. 106, base~~high

COMANA 79

Comana struck some bronzes to Mithridatic types under Eupator. The bronzes from the time of the Empire first bear the radiated head of the goddess Ma, then the imperial effigy. Since Septimius-Scvère the inhabitants have been called 'lepoxatrapelç Ko|xovftTç, title which also reads on Gheumenek's inscription.

Period of Mithridates Eupator.

i. Head of Pallas right. (as in Amisus).

Ct. KOMANfiN. Perseus standing, having just decapitated Medusa (as in

Amisus); in ch. the monogram. hrf. JE 27 — L (Cat. pi. V, 5), W [PL XI, flg. 24], P, V (uncertain overstrike

in I&), Imh, Lôbb.

2. Head of Dionysus surrounded by a crown of ivy, right.

Ct. In ch. KOMA NflN- Thyrsus and strip; in ch. to left. the

monogr. hff. JE 20 — V, Lobb.

3. Variety. In ch. to left. K; to the right. A7E (rough). JE 19 — Imh.

^ 4. Aegis decorated in the center with a head of Medusa.

Ç&. In ch. KOMA NO. Nike walking to the right; in ch. the

monogr. W and NE. JE 2 1 — L, P [PL XI, flg. 26], H, M, Imh, B, V, Lobb.

5. Variety. In ch. to the right. 3A. JE 21 — B.

Era of Caligula

6. Radiated head (Ma?) on the right.

St. ç (year 6 = 39/40 AD) - In ch. KOMA|NHN. Club; the whole

in a laurel wreath. JE 19 to 21 — Lôbb, B [PI. XII, flg. 1].

COINS STRUCK WITH IMPERIAL EFFIGIES

Nerva.

7. AYTOKPATOPI NGPOYA KAICAPL Laureate head right; under the neck,

small letters VOl (?)

80 COMANA

1^. KO MA NH N

r I (year 63 = 96/7). Club. P.C. JE 25 — P [PL XII, flg. 2].

Septimius Severus.

8. AY K A Cen C€YOYHPOC (sic). Laureate and armored bust right.

St. lePOKAICA • KOMANGfïN ex. GT- (date deleted). Disbarred woman (Ma?) standing facing forward, dressed in the stola, right hand on a shield placed at earth, and holding a raised club in the left.

JE 3o — P [PL XII, flg. 3].

9. Same right.

Ç&. Same leg. The same figure of a woman under a tetrastyle temple; at pediment, an eagle wrestling with a serpent. The date is €T BOP (very clear), 162 = 195/6 AD. AD

JE 3o — Imh [PL XII, flg. 4].

10. Same right.

Ct. Same leg. and date. Temple with indented pediment (without statue). JE 3o — Lôbb [PL XII, flg. 5].

11. AY K A Cen CGOYHPOC Same bust on the right.

fy. IGPOKAICA KOMANG ex. 6T • BOP. Tetrastyle temple in which is Nike standing on a high conical base, holding a palm frond and a crown; on the pediment, a disk.

JE 3o — L (Cat. f pi. V, 6), B [PL XII, flg. 6], P, M (rough), V (rough).

12. Same right.

Ct. Same leg. Tetrastyle temple (without statue) with a crown (?) at the

pediment. JE 29 — P [PL XII, flg. 7], Lobb.

JULIA DOMNA.

i3. IOVAIA • AOMNA AT. Bust right.

St. IGPOKAICA • KOMANG • ex. GT BOP. Tetrastyle temple; at the pediment

a disk. ^29 — Imh [PL XII, flg. 8].

COMANA 8 1

Caracalla.

14. AY KAI M AYPH (or AYPHAI) ANTCONINOC Young laureate head or bust battleship to the right. I£. IGPOKAIC KOMAN€0). ex. €T BOP. Type of the temple with the statue of

Nike, as in No. 11. JE 29 to 33 — P, L, W. H, B, Imh, Lobb.

i5. [AY • KAI] M AYPH ANTHNINOC. Young laureate and armored bust to the right.

Ct. Same leg. (with KOMANGH) and date. Tetrastyle temple with disc

at the pediment. I 3o — H.

11

GAZIOURA

Gazioura, xà FaÇfoupa, was located on the Iris, at the point where this river bends towards the North, between Comana and the confluence of the Scylax (Strabo, XII, 3, i5). The location exact seems to be marked by Tourkhal, 26 English miles from Tokat'.

Gazioura was a former royal residence (Strabo), which played a certain role in the last campaigns of Mithridates Eupator (Dion, XXXVI, 12), but at the time of Strabo it was deserted. During the Byzantine period it seems to have been repopulated under the Ibora's name

The Persian centuries of the satrap Ariarathes (33o-322) struck with the legend Aramaic Bal Gçour (imitated from Bal Tars) were, with plausibility, attributed to the workshop of Gazioura, which would have been the residence of this satrap (Waddington, Blends, I, p. 86 seq.). Gazioura still struck a few bronzes of the usual types, under Mithridates Eupator.

Ariarathe I. Satrap-king of northern Cappadocia, between 33o and S22 BC. AD

Coins minted in Ga\ioura.

, *• M1* A ^M (fraSra Bâl-Ga\our), in leg. vertical 3. The Baal of

Gaziura, bare-chested, seated left. on a backless throne, looking down face, legs draped; of the left hand. he leans on a long scepter; from the hand of dr. he holds a vine; an eagle is perched on its right wrist. Granite.

fy. /^l^^m (mvm Ariourat). Griffon devouring an aged deer nouille, left.

1. Munro and Hogarth, Royal Geogr. Society, supplementary papers, III, 1893, p. 736; Anderson, Studio. Pontica, p. 69.

2. Ramsay, Histor. geog., p. 3a6.

3. It should be noted that on this coin the fifth letter has the shape of a yod and not of a fain; on drachmas no. 2 to 4, it is indeed a faln.

GAZIOURA 83

JR 18 to 22 — Persian drachma — gr. 5, 42 P [PL XII, flg. 9]; 4.95 Luynes [PL XII, fig. 10]; 5.25 W [PL XII, flg. 11] ; 5.40L; 5.66L; 4.52 Imh; 5.25 Lobb.

2. Variety with full legend: ^ i 1 -*\l wy

$£. Leg. out of the blank; above the griffin, a crown. JR 20 — gr. 5.07 Lobb; 5.25 Lobb.

3. Variety, with the complete legend: *f 1 I a t ^ y. Before Baal, the

monogr. ffl.

Ct. The complete legend: /* H 1 4M 41- Same type (with the crown). jR 19 — gr. 5.16 B; 5.09 L (Cat. pi. VI, 1); 4.55 Imh.

4. Variety. Before Baal, the mongr. mr. I£. Same type, without the crown.

iR 18 — gr. 4.87 P (sheared) [PL XII, flg. 12]; 4, 9 5 L.

Period of Mithridates Eupator.

5. Laureate head of Zeus, right.

fy. To the ex. rAZIOYPHN. Eagle facing, head to right. on a thunderbolt, the wings

deployed. JE 27 (thick) — P [PL XII, flg. 18], L, W, Imh, Lobb.

6. Young helmeted head of Ares, right.

Ct. In ch. TAZI OYPflN. Sword in its sheath, with the baldric. JE 21 — P [PL XII, flg- 14], L {Cat. ft. V, 7), B, Imh, Lobb.

LAODICEA

r B Aao8(xeia, today Ladik, 3o kilometers north of Amasia, perhaps identical to Strabo's KiÇàpi (Anderson, Studia Pontica, p. 80).

This city, which is only known by its coins, undoubtedly owes its name to one of the queens of Pontus called Laodice\

Bronzes from the time of Mithridates Eupator, of the usual types.

Period of Mithridates Eupator.

1. Young helmeted head of Ares to the right.

fy. In ch. AAOAI KEIA- • Sword in its sheath, with baldric. JE 21 — W, P [PL XII, flg. 15].

2. Head of Dionysus on the right.

Ct. In ch. AAOAI KEIAZ. Thyrsus decorated with strips; in ch. the

monogr. fFE. JE 17 — W [PL XII, flg. 16] (rude monogr.), Lobb, Imh (Zeit. furNum.,

XX, 263).

3. Aegis decorated, in the center, with the head of Medusa.

fy. In ch. AAOAI KEIAZ- Niké walking right; in ch. the

monogr. NE and another erased. JE 21 — P [PL XII, flg. 17], L (Cat. pi, V, 8), Lobb.

1. The only ones known with certainty are the sister-wife of Mithridates Philopator, and the woman sister of Mithridates Eupator. But it is possible that the wife of Mithridates II (whose two daughters were called Laodice) and that of Mithridates Evergetes (for the same reason) were also called lies like this.

NEOCESAREA (Cabira)

Cabira (xà Kdtôeipa in Strabo and the historians, Kdtëijpa in Memnon, c. 44, and on coins) was located, according to Strabo (XII, 3, 3o), in the valley of the Lycus, at the foot of Mount Paryadres, 150 stadia south of Eupatoria (confluence of the Lycus and PIris). This last information is certainly inaccurate, because Strabo adds that Amasia was distant from Eupatoria the same distance to the west as Cabira to the south: however, from Amasia to Eupatoria there are more than 300 stadia. The identification of Cabira with Néocé- sarée (Niksar) seems to impose itself: i° because one appears in history at the moment where the other disappears; 2 because Cabira was the capital of Pythodoris as Neocaesarea was the polemonic metropolis of Pontus; 3° because the general situation of Neocaesarea corresponds to that indicated by Strabo for Cabira.

Cabira, under the Mithridates, was an important place, with a royal palace and, in the town of Ameria, a famous temple of Mên Pharnakou (Strabo, § 3i). Taken by Lucullus (in 71), it was established as a city by Pompey under the name of Diospolis. Anthony brought it under the domination of kings; Pythodoris enlarged it, gave it the name 2t6*ro; and made it his residence. The autonomous currencies of Cabira are bronzes of the time of Mithridates Eupator, to the usual types. It is likely that the currencies Royal coins of Pythodoris and Polemon II were minted in this city.

Neocaesarea (*> N*oxou

The coins of Neocaesarea, which are all dated to the provincial era (Oct. 64 AD), include a stand-alone bronze (no. 6) and a long series of bronzes with imperial effigies. The name of the city is in the genitive case '. It is called during some time 'À$p(t«vii?) * (n" 8 and 9) and constantly metropolis of Pont. On a

1. Coins with Ntoxai9aptT< or fftoftouvspfov belong to Philadelphia of Lydia. However the ethnic of our city was also !ftoxatrapt?< (Phlegon ap. St. Byz. s. v.; Inscr. gr. rom. 107, inscr. description of Comana).

2. Stephen of Byzantium: ot outoI **l 'AfyiovoiroXfoat.

86 NEOCESAREA

large number of coins also feature the name of xoivèv nrfvxou and it is in Neocaesarea that the few coins were struck where this name appears alone, without that of the city. Neocaesarea is said to be veu>x<5po<; from Verus (i 61/2), Sic vewxfyoc from Severus Alexander (226/7).

Among the interesting types, we must mention the temple (of Mon?) decorated with statues varied and struck out figures, the "A*™* games and especially the group from the city of Nicopolis surrounded by five towered women, representing the cities of the Pontic xotvôv (No. 14 and 27)'.

UNDER THE NAME OF CaBBRA.

Period of Mithridates Eupator.

1. Laureate head of Zeus on the right.

IJt. In Tex. KABHPftN. Eagle on a thunderbolt, wings outstretched. JE 29 (thick) — W [PL XII, flg. 18], H.

2. Head of Pallas right. (as in Amisus).

Ct. In ch. KABHPHN. Perseus standing having just beheaded Medusa

(as in Amisus). JE 27 — P [**• Xn> *g» 19 L L (overstruck, thick), B.

3. Young helmeted head of Ares on the right.

St. In ch. KABHPX1N. Sword in its sheath, with baldric. JE 21 — P [PL XII, flg. 20], M.

4. Aegis decorated in the center with a head of Medusa.

St. In ch. KABHPAN. Nike walking to the right; in ch. of

monogr. varied". I 2 1 to 24.

Varieties:

Without monogram. — L (Cat. pi. V, 1), W [PL XII, flg. 21), M, P, B, Imh. Monogr. |jp| (?) — L, H. Monogr. erased — W.

Monogr. f^ — Imh, Lôbb, P (Niké is wearing an egret helmet, the vulture beak tip) [PI. XII, flg. 22],

-5. Head of Dionysus crowned with ivy, right. Çtr. KABHPftN. Thyrsus decorated with strips. JE 16 — Lobb.

1. For the list of these cities see the Commune Ponti article above.

NEOCESAREA 87

UNDER THE NAME OF NEOCAESAREA.

6. Head of Zeus, right. with a drapery over the right shoulder; in front, the date Kg (29 = 92/3 AD). Ct. NEO|KAICA|PEIAC in a crown. JE 20 — Parma [PL XII, flg. 231.

COINS STRUCK WITH IMPERIAL EFFIGIES

Trajan.

7 N6P • TPAIANOC C6B • T€PM. Laureate and armored bust.

Ct. NeOKAICAPGIAC GT. . . . Tyche standing. JE 26 — Cambridge.

L.Verus.

8. AYTOK • OYHPOC C6BACTOC Laureate head right.

1^. AAP NGOK • N€... MH ex. TPO • nON • | GT. qH (98 = 161/2). The Dioscuri on either side of a lighted altar, standing facing each other, leaning on their spears, the chlamys on the arm, and a star above of the head.

JE 28 — Imh [PL XII, flg. 24] (Imhoof, GM. pi. IV, 1 5), B.

9. Variety. Ct. AAP NGOK • MHTPO nON • GT

Convenient.

10. AYT K M AYP KOMMOAOC ANTCONGINOC. Bust right. Ct. NEOKAI. . . . Tyche seated right.

JE 27 — - M.

Septimius Severus.

1 1. AY K-... CGOYHPOC. Laureate and armored bust, right.

Ct. KOINON... in ch. n n 3 ; ex. GT • PMA (141 = 204/5). Temple tetrastyle; in the center, a very ornate door; under each of the intercolons lateral elements a statue of Dioscurus(?) naked, standing on a cippos.

JE 29 — Lôbb [PL XII, flg. 25].

1. The date is crude. Sestini read: GTO * IG vel 10 (1 5 or 19 of the reign of Trajan); Leak it holds to GTO * IG (Sestini, Lett. nu m. Contin. VII, 3o, n° 3; Mionnet, Suppl., p. 448, n* 17a; Leake, Num. hetl., Suppl., p. 7a). But a regnal date seems impossible.

has. For coins without the name of the town, see Commune Ponti above.

3. Without doubt it(p«TTj) n(4vrou)

88 NEOCESAREA

12. AY (or A) KAI (or K) A C€n CGOYHPOC (or CGYHPOC). Laureate bust and battleship to the right.

St. KOI TTON NGOKAIC MHTPO • ex. 6T GNP (142 — 2o5/6). Tetra Temple style, with a door decorated with two radiated heads above two large rings.

M 3o — P [PI. XII, flg. 26], M, B.

i3. Other.

Ct. Same leg. and date. Tetrastyle temple with a standing figure on a

cippus, and holding a pole. JE 3o — P, M [PL XII, flg. 27].

14. Other.

St. KOI TTON • NGOKAI AMTPO ex. €T PM* l (146 = 209/10). Tyche of the walled city, standing facing, holding a rudder in his right hand, and a cornucopia from the left; at his feet, a river (Lycus) swimming and seen at half-length; on the left, three towered women, and on right, two towered women, all standing. JE 32 to 33 — Lôbb, L [PL XII, flg. 28].

i5. Other.

Ct. KOINN {sic) nO NeOKAlC MHTPO ex. €T PAR. Temple with five columns. JE 32 — L [PL XIII, flg. 1].

16. Other.

Ct. KOIN (or KOI) nO (or nON) NGOKAIC (or NGOKAI) MHTPO (or MHTPOTT)

e.g. GT PMI. Tetrastyle temple. JE 32 — Lôbb, W (broken), V, B.

17. Other.

Ct. KOIN nON N€OKAI (or NGOKAIC) MHTPOTT ex. €T PMR. Temple tetrastyle, in which is a short-dressed figure standing on a cippe and relying on haste.

JE 3o to 32 — H, Imh, Lôbb.

18. Other.

I£. Ex. PMI. Same temple, in which there is a torchiere or small altar

lit. JE 29 — W [PL XIII, flg. S], Lobb, F \

1. The letter R is a form of digamma.

2. Not reviewed: Same right. I$£. Same leg. with GT PNB* Tetrastyle temple with three idols on descippes. 3a. MS. 176 (Sestini).- Same law. Ct. KOINON NEOKAIC MHT €T PMH- Figure standing with a vase. 29. MS. 180 (Valiant). — Same right. I$£. Same leg. Tetrastyle temple with figure on a cippe. 32. MS. 181 (Valiant).

NEOCESAREA 89

JULIA DoMNA.

19. IOYAIA AOMNA AYTOYCTA. Veiled bust right. Ct. KOIN nO (or KOI TTON •) NGOKAIC MHTPO ex. €T PI” (142 = 2o5/6).

Tetrastyle temple, in which is a figure standing on a cippus and relying on a haste. JE 29 — Imh [PL XIII, ftg.S], Mi.

20. Other

Ct. Ex. €T PMI (146= 209/10). Tetrastyle temple in which is a

lit altar. JE 29 — L {Cat. ft. VI, i), P, V, Imh, M, H ".

Caracalla.

21. AY (or A) KAI M AYP (or AYPH or AYPHA)>NTnNINOC. Bust or head

young laureate or radiate and sometimes with breastplate, right. fy. KOIN (or KOI) • nO (or flON) NGOKAIC (or NGOKAI) MHTPO (sometimes

linked letters) GT PMI (146 = 209/10). Tetrastyle temple. JE 3o — P [PL XIII, flg. 4],*Mi, H.

22. Other.

Ct. In the temple, a nude male figure standing on a cippus, holding a globe or an arc (?) and leaning on a pole; deep down, we see the cella wall.

I 29— L {Cat. ft. VI, 2), H {Cat. ft. XLIV, 19), P [PL XIII, flg. 5], B, N.

23. Other.

Ct. Same temple and figure; in the background, we see two other columns. I 29 — L.

24. Other.

Iji. In the temple, a lit altar. JE 3o — Mi, L, V.

25. Other.

3t. Same temple; between the columns, three statues on bases (details

deleted). JE 2 9 — W [PL XIII, flg 6] a.

i. Not reviewed: Same right. $£• Tetrastyle temple with lighted altar. Date PMH. 32. MS. i85 (Teupoli). - Other. I$&. Tetrastyle temple, with small figure. Same date. 3a. MS. 186 (Valiant).

has. Not reviewed: Same right. Ç&. Same leg. Date GT PMB* Tetrastyle temple; in the interior, three military ensigns (probably the type of our n* 25). 26. MS. 188 (Sestini). -Other. T$L. Leg. ordinary and PMR date- Hezastyle temple. 28. MS. 194 (Sestini).

12

gO NEOCESAREA

GETA.

26. n a cenn reTAC KAIC Bare head to the right.

St. KOI nON NGOKAIC MHTPO, ex. GNP (142 = 2o5/6). Tetra Temple

style seen from three quarters, the facade on the right. JE 2i — P [PI. XIII, fig. 7].

27. A n Cen l"GTAC KAIC Bust with bare head, right.

fy- KOIN nON NGOKAI MHTPO (a few linked letters) ex. GT PM* (146=209/10). City Tyche seated on a seat, left, wearing hair calathos and holding a cornucopia in his left hand; in front she, three women (Tyches) and behind her, two women (Tyches), all standing and wearing calathos.

JE 3o — Imh [PL XIII, flg. 8], p.

28. A Cen (or centTI) reTAC KAIC (or KAICA). Bare head, right.

Çt- KOIN nO NGOKAIC MHTPO ex. GT PMR- Tetrastyle temple. JE 32 — P, V, Imh, L {Cat. ft. VI, 3).

29. n A CGTTTI TGTAC KAIC. Bare head to the right.

Çt- KOIN nO NGOKAI MHTPO ex. GT PMI. Tetrastyle temple, in which

there is a lighted altar; above, a radiated bust seen from the front. JE 29 — L {Cat. ft. VI, 4), Pe.

30. Other.

fy. Same temple with lit altar, without the bust. JE 3o — P [PL XIII, flg. 9], Imh.

3i. Other.

$-. K • no • NGOKAIC • MHTP ex. GT R*. Tetrastyle temple seen from three

quarters. I 24 — H.

32. A TT CGn rGTAC KAIC- Armored bust right.

Ct. KOIN nO NGOKAIC MHTPO ex. GT PMI- Same type. In the middle of

temple we see the ring of the door, and above it, a bust. JE 29 — L {Cat. ft. VI, 5).

33 CGnTI TGTAC KAIC Bare head right.

Ct. KOIN no NGOKAI MHTPO ex. GT PM”. Tetrastyle temple; in each

intercolumnation, at the top, a bust. JE 3o — P [PI. XIII, fig. 10].

NEOCESAREA gi

34. TT Cen rGTAC K€C[AP] or KAICAP. Bare head to the right.

Ct. KO (or KOIN) TON (or nO) N€OKAIC MHTPO ex. PM*. Temple grouse- style, in which there is a nude figure, standing on a base and leaning strong on haste.

JE 3o — W, P [PI. XIII, fig. 11].

35. Same law. (K€CAP). Armored bust, bare head, right.

fy. Same leg. and date. Tetrastyle temple; inside, bust on one

pedestal; back wall visible. -E3i — H.

36 .... T€.... Armored bust, bare head, dexterous.

Ct. ... TTON AAP. N-... T. T. T. ex. GT • PM... Tetrastyle temple with capitals Corinthians; in the intercolumns, four statues on bases. JE 29 — V (doubtful attribution) \

Severe Alexandre.

37. AY KAI M AYP CGOY AAGIANAPOC Laureate bust right.

Ct. N€OKAI MHTP ex. € GDP (162 = 225/6). Two tetrastyle temples.

JE 27 — M [PI. XIII, fig. 12].

38. Other (rude leg.).

Ct. Same leg. with € • PII" (i63 =226/7). Same type. JE 29 — V.

39. Other.

St. KOI nO NGOKAI MHTP. e.g. €T PII". A single tetrastyle temple, seen from

three quarters. JE 21 — H.

40. Other.

St. ... KGCA MHTOnO ex. AIC NeOKOP I €T PII", in ch. IGPOY.

Two tetrastyle temples, each surmounted by a games urn from which

emerge from the palm fronds. JE 29 — B [PI. XIII, fig. 13].

41. AY K M AY This AAGIANAPOC. Laureate and armored bust, right.

Ct. NH NGOK€CA [AIC] NGflK .... e.g. €T P... Two tetrastyle temples;

above, an agonistic urn from which two palm leaves emerge. JE 32 — P.

1. Not reviewed: H ... I"€TAC KAICA- Bare head. fy. KOIN nO NGOKAIC MHTPO €T PMH* Tetrastyle temple. 3a. MS. 198 (Scstini).

9 2

NEOCESAREA

42. Same right.

Ct. KOI nO NEOKECA MHTP... ex. AIC N€flKO • €T PII"; top, IGPOY. Table with two large legs, surmounted by two urns, each of from which a palm emerges.

JE 29 — Lobb [PI. XIII, fig. 14].

43. Other.

St. M HTP • N€OK€CA[PI]AC ex. AIC N€flKOP.. I €T POA (171 = 234/5). Two tetrastyle temples; between them, in the air, a games urn filled of two palms, and below, a diota with two palms.

JE29 — W [PL XIII, flg. 15], Lobb.

44. Other.

St. MHTPOnO " NGOKeCAPIA ex. AIC N€flKO I €T POA. Two temples

tetrastyles side by side. JE 3 1 — Lobb.

45. Other.

St. KOI no N€OK€CAPIAC RM, ex. €T POA. Table on which there are two games urns, garnished with palm leaves; below, diota garnished with two palm fronds, and on each side of the table, a palm tree.

JE 3o — P [PL XIII, flg. 16], B, Lobb.

46. Other.

Ct. KOI • nONTO N€OK€C RM ex. €T POA. Table with contoured legs on which is a games urn from which a palm tree emerges; under the table one diota from which two palm leaves emerge.

JE 32 — Lobb.

47. Other.

St. KOINO TTONT NCOK .... ex. €T • POA (î). Games urn furnished with two

fins, on a base. JE 3o — Imh.

48. Other.

Ct. RM NCOKGCA ex. €T POA. Draped and garlanded table, topped

of a games urn from which palm leaves emerge. JE 3i — B [PI. XIII, fig. 17],

49. Other.

Ct. MHTP • N€OK€CAPIAC ex. €T POA. Table with contoured legs, on-

NEOCESAREB ç3

rise of two games urns, from which palm leaves emerge; between the legs of the AIC I NGHlKOPlOY table. JE 29 — Lôbb [PL XIII, fig. 18]'.

Gordian.

5o. . . . ANT • TOPAIA...Laureate and draped bust to the right.

St. [...MHT]PO NEOKAICAPIAC ex. NenKOl[€T • PO]H (178 = 241/2).

Two tetrastyle temples. I 3o — B.

5i. AY KM ANT rOPAlANOC (with or without CG). Laureate and armored bust right. Ct. KOI (or KOIN)nONT MH NGOKAICAPIAC (or N€OKAICAPIA) ex. or ch.

€T POH. Lion's feet table topped with a garnished games urn

with a palm. JE 29 to 32 — P [PI. XIII, fig. 19], Lobb, L {Cat. ft. VI, 6).

r 52. Other.

Ct. Table topped with a games urn from which a palm tree emerges; under the

table, an amphora; on each side, a palm tree. JE 2g _ w, L, B [PL XIII, fig. 20].

53. Other.

IJt. Games urn decorated with two palm leaves, on a pedestal decorated with a

palm. JE 29 — Cop, Lôbb, P [PI. XIII, fig. 21].

54. Other.

Ct. KOIN TTONT MH N€OKAICAPIAC ex. €T POH. Filled games urn a palm on a pedestal where AKTIA is written; on each side of the pedestal, a palm tree.

JE 3o — Imh, L [PI. XIII, fig. 22].

55. Other.

St. KOI • nON • M • NGOKAICAPIAC ex. €T • POH. Two games urns

each garnished with a palm leaf, on a lion-footed table. JE 29 — Imh, Lôbb.

56. Other.

Ct. KOI nONT (treflage) MH... ex. €T POH. Two urns filled with

fins, on a base. JE 27 — P [PL XIII, fig. 28].

1. Not reviewed: Table topped with an urn with two palm leaves; under the table, diota with two palm fronds; leg. NEOKAIC MHT TTONTOY €T PL 3a. MS. 199 (Gcssner). - Other. Table on which are two urns with palm leaves; leg. NCOKAIC MHT flONTOY €T PIB, 32. MS. 200 (Valiant).

94

NEOCESAREA

57. Other.

^. KOINOTTONT MH N€OKAICAPIAC ex. €T POH. Big crown,

top of which there is an A (for "Axtux). & 29 _ L [PI. XIII, fig. 24].

Tranquilline.

58. CAB. TPANKYAINA C€B. Laureate bust right.

^. MHTP NEOKAICAPIAC ex. GT POH. Urn of games from which emerges a

palm and which is placed on a high base where we read AKTIA. JE 2g _ lôbb [PL XIII, flg. 25].

Philippe father.

59. AY K MAP IOYA <|>IATTnOC C Laureate bust right.

I£. MHTPO N€OK€CAPIAC ex. €TPne(i85= 248/9). Bacchic Panther walking to the right; above, a games urn garnished with two palm leaves. JE 20 — Imh [PI. XIV, fig. 1].

Trebonian Galle.

60. AYT • KAI • TAAAOC • C€B. Laureate and armored bust right.

$t. In ch. PWRMlPTTH (188 = 25 1/2). Rome Nicephorus seated at left, left hand on his spear; behind her, on the ground, a shield. JE 29 — Imh [PI. XIV, fig. 2], Lobb.

61. The same piece, with the radiated head of Trebonien Galle and PN-MH. JE 30 — W.

62. Same right.

I£. KOI -TTON • WHT • N€OKAICAPIAC. ch. €T|PTT|H. Demeter standing

l., ears of corn in the right hand, the scepter in the left. JE 29 — Imh [PL XIV, flg. 3]'.

Trebonian Galle and Volusian.

63. To ex. AYT • K K • wax. TAAAOC KAI OYOAOYCCIANOC ch. C€B. Busts

confronted by laureate Trebonian Galle and expunged Volusian. 1^. In ch. PW MHIPTTH. Rome Nicephorus seated, as in n° 60. JE 3o — W [PL XIV, flg. 4], Imh.

1. The right of this piece being of the same corner as that of n° 60, the attribution of n* a 60 and 61 to Neocaesarea is made certain (Imhoof, Num. Zeit., t. XVIII, 1886, p. 286).

neocesarea 95

Valerien.

64. A Y K nO AIK OYAAGPIANOC. Radiate and armored bust right.

^. MHT I N€OKAI|CAPIAC | AIC N€fl | €T P*fl (192 = 255/6) in a

laurel wreath. JE 27 — W, L [Cat. ft. VI, 9).

65. Other, with laureate head.

Ct. nONT MH NGOKAICAPIA ex. €T P^B. Big crown, at the top of

which has an A. JE 27 — W [PL XIV, flg. 51, Imh, P (with radiated head; a Nike in

countermark).

66. Other.

^. MH NeOKAICAPIAC ex. €T P<|B. Same type. JE 3o — Lobb.

67. Other.

IJt. MHT NGOKAICAPIA- Games urn from which two palm leaves emerge, placed

on a basis which reads €T P*jB. JE 26 — Lobb.

68. Other.

Ct. NGOKAICAP.. e.g. €T P^B. Lion walking left. JE27 — W [PL XIV, flg. 6].

69. Other.

fy- KOI FIONT MH NCOKAICA ex. €T P

garnished with a palm leaf, on a pedestal reading AKTIA. I 2? _ p [Pi. xiv, flg. 7].

Gallienus.

70. AY KAI n AIK TAAAIHNOC Radiate bust right.

Ct. KOI IlONT MH NGOKAICAPI, ch. GT | P<| I B- (192 = 255/6). Heracles nude standing frontally leaning with hand dr. on his club and holding his lion skin from the g.

JE 28 — Lobb [PL XIV, flg. 8].

71. AYT KAI HO AIK TAAAIHNOC Laureate and armored bust right.

St. MHT NGOKAICAPIAC ex. PSG (199 = 262/3). Big crown top of which there is an A. JE 27 — L (Cat. pi. VI, 10), T, B, Lôbb.

96 NEOCESAREA

72. Other.

Ct. MHT NeOKAICAPIAC nON GT PSG. Same type. I 2? _ w [PL XIV, flg. 9J.

73. Other.

Ct. MHT [N€]OK€CAPIAC ex. €T PSG. Tetrastyle temple on several

degrees, seen from three quarters. JE 2b — L.

74. Same right.

$t. MHT NGOKAICAPIA. Games urn from which two palm fronds emerge, placed

on a broad basis; at Pex. £T PSG (?) JE 28 — Lobb.

75. AYT K nO AIK TAAAIHNOC. Laureate bust right.

IJt. MHT. [N€OKAIC]APIAC ex. €T C (200 = 263/4). Diota in a crown. JE 24 — Lobb [PL XIV, flg. 10].

76. AYT K n AIK rAAAIHNOC Laureate bust right.

Ct. MHT NeOKAICAPIAC ex. GT CA (201 = 264/3). Lion standing right. JE 25 — Lobb [PI. XIV, fig. 11].

77. Same right.

Ct. Same leg., e.g. €T CB (202 = 265/6J. Urn of games from which emerge two

fins. JE 23 — Lobb [PL XIV, flg. 12].

78. Same right.

I£. Same leg., e.g. €T C(?). Games urn placed on a table with legs

bypassed; under the table a diota. JE 25 — Lobb \

1. Not reviewed: AYT K TT AIK rAAAIHNOC- Laureate and armored bust to the right. IJt. MHT NGOKAI ...e.g. 6T PSG* Two webbed urns on a base. a6. MS. 201 (Sestini).

NICOPOLIS AD LYCUM

f H Nix&coXk (ethnic NtxoicoXtn)ç), today Piourkh (n-jp^oc), at 5 kil. to Test from Enderes, 6 miles from Lycus {A et. Mart. f July 3, p. 46). The location is assured by inscriptions (CIG., 4189; Wadd.-Le Bas, 18141/; M unro and Hogarth, Geog. Soc. extra III, 1893, p. 725').

The city was founded by Pompey around 65, in memory and perhaps on the location of her decisive victory over Mithridates Eupator \ She then shared the numerous vicissitudes of Little Armenia of which it was the capital. This province, erected in kingdom, was given successively: in 59 BC. AD to Déjotarus; in 47 (after the ephemeral conquest of Pharnaces, who won his victory over Domitius at Nicopolis) to Cappadocia; in 36 at Polémon; in 3o at Artavasde of Media; in 20 again at Cappadocia. After the death of King Archelatis (AD 17), it was probably annexed to the empire, but in 38 Caligula gave it again as a kingdom to Cotys, son of Antonia Tryphaena (Dion, LIX, 12). In 54, Nero conferred it on Aristo- bule, son of Herod, king of Chalcis (Tacitus, Ann. XIII, 7; Josephus, An t., XX, 8, 4; Bell. y II, i3, 2); in 60 a piece of Greater Armenia was added (Tac, XIV, 26), but in 73, Aristobulus reigned in Chalcis (Bell., VII, 7, 1, § 226) and it is probable that he had been transplanted there for several years 3; perhaps the undone annexation of the Little Armenia to the empire dates back to the year 61, during the campaigns of Cor- bulon. In any case, the legal annexation was completed at the beginning of the reign of Vespasien \ Little Armenia first followed the administrative vicissitudes of Pontus: it was first attached to the province of Galatia, then to that of Cappadocia

1. These authors, however, place the city of Pompey a little to the E. (22 minutes) from Piourkh, to Eskichehr, in a site that better suits the description of the Bell. alex. %36; she would have been moved later. The miliary of Achkar (7 miles E. of Piourkh) with the Civitas inscription Sicopoliianur. MP VU leaves no doubt about replacement of the imperial city.

2. Dion, XXXVI, 5o, 3; Appian, Mith. f io5. The text of Strabo, XII, 3, 28 is less explicit.

3. There is a coin from the eighth year of Aristobulus, in the name of Nero, obviously struck in Chalcis (Cumont, Rev. num., 1900, p. 484; cf. the very similar coinage of the year 17 in the name of Vespasian, Rev. imm., i883, p. 443). This coin was minted no later than 68/69, the advent from Aristobulus to Chalcis is therefore at the latest 61/2 and we can hardly believe that he reigned at the times in both states.

. 4. EYELASH. III, 3o6 (“

i3

i

08 NICOPOLIS AD LYCUM

%

(CIL. V, 8660, Desticius Severus procurator'). Later, Diocletian actually Armenia prima. Through all these vicissitudes, Little Armenia continued to form a distinct xoiv<5v, headed by an Armenian arch (Nicopolis inscription, Register graec. rom., i32). On the CIG inscription. 4189, Nicopolis is called 'À$pioon{,

VeCi>x6pO( and fJLTjTprfltoXlÇ. „ .

We don't know of. royal coins of. Little Armenia \ Those same Nicopolis was unknown until recent times. It's just recently that Mr. Imhoof [Kleinasiat. Mûn\en^ I, p. 3) attributed coins to this city until now classified in Nicopolis-d*- -Palestine (Emmatts), minted under Trajan and Hadrian. The attribution, based on the indicated provenance, and on the manufacturer, is probable. The dates 34 to 42 on Trajan's coins can be calculated from the polemonic Pontus era (Oct. 64 AD); they would then correspond to the years 97/8 (advent of Trajan) and io5/6. Trajan has been Dacicus since 102/3. The letters rOFtf or TOfiP following Trajan's titles have not been explained. Compare the letters TOA (?) on the bronze of Nerva at Comana, n° 7.

Trajan. ••'

* •

• • • -

1. Without leg. Laureate head of Trajan right.

Ct. NGIKOjTTOAClhc -GT-LÀA (= 34) in a laurel wreath. JE 18 — Hamburger.

v. ÂYT KAIC N€P JPAIÂNÔC C€B TGPM AAK rORI. Laureate head right. Ct. €TOYC MB (= 42) NGIKOnO ex. AÈCOC Zeus Nicephorus seated - left. ' M 35 — P'tpi. XIV, fig. 13].

3. AYT KAI (or K) NGP TPAÎANOC CGB T€PM AAK TORh Laureate head to the right. Ct. NeiKOnOAGCOC GTOVC MB (= 42). Nike hovering right. with crown

and palm. . .

JE 24 — Imh{2 6 coH.), Lobb.

4. AYT KAI N€R TPAIANOC CE T€P AAK. . . Laureate head right.

Ct. Same leg. and dated. Snake standing right on a garlanded altar. I 1 9 -s- Hamburger,

Hadrian.

5. AYT [.., KAIC]AP • AAPIANOC Young hairless and laureate bust to the right:. Ct. NIKOnOAITCON AAPIAN-- Young laureate bust right.

JE 27 — P [PL XIV, flg. 14].

1. Most of Ptolemy's manuscripts seem (XV, 6, 18 seq.) to make a separate province with Little Armenia, Cataonia, Melitene, etc., but this is a simple graphic error, as this is proven by the table of the 19 provinces at the beginning of book V.

2. The Berlin bronze (Beardless head wearing a leather helmet with baleen plates, left side BAXIAE| MIOPIA | <(>IAO-;; on 3 green lines. Raised club. 18) is of uncertain period and attribution. The bronzes of Aristobulus were struck at Chalcis. t

4 • .” . k

I. ..... ( ,.

• ■ . .. “. « -^ - • t ' '

—

r • •

f'

* - •

PHARNACIA

» • •

f H 4>apvdbccta (ethnic &*?*<&&<:); today Kerasouhda. ^

The name indicates a foundation of Pharnaces I (around 180 BC). According to Arrien (Perip. f 24), Pharnacia is the ancient Cerasus of Xenophon; according to Strabo (XII, 3, 17), the inhabitants of Cotyora (another colony of Sinope) contributed to synoecism. However, as in the case of Amastris, the two mother cities continued without doubt to survive in the state of villages. Pharnacia, where Mithridates Eupator had, in 71, hid his harem, was part of the kingdoms of Déjotarus and the Polémons. She disappears then history and seems to have taken up, in the time of Hadrian, the ancient name of Cerasus (see above, p. 74).

The coins of Pharnacia are autonomous bronzes which appear to begin a little before the reign of Eupator (n°* 1 to 3) and cease immediately after him.

Period of Mithridates Eupator.

. Bust of Mên right. with the Phrygian cap and the crescent on the shoulders; traces of legend. Ct. QAPNAKeHN in letters arranged between the eight rays of a star. JE 16 — Lôbb (thick) [PL XIV, flg. 15].

2. Laureate head of Zeus on the right.

Ci. 4>AP|NAKE. Horned Zebu on the right. JE 20 — Imh [PL XIV, flg. 16].

3. Variety, with <|>APNA | KEHN.

iE 20 — P [PL XIV, flg. 17], L {Cat. ft. VII, 1), Mi (concave side), Imh, B.

4. Same right.

Çt>. To the ex. APNAKEIAI. Eagle on a thunderbolt, wings outstretched; in the

ch. the monogram. fr. JE 20 — P, L (Cat. PI. VII, 2), W [PL XIV, flg. 18], V, U>bb, Imh, B, M.

I OO PHARNACIA

^ 5. Variety with the same monogr. to left. and, on the right, a star. iE 20 — W, B.

6. Variety, with the mongr. ^, without star. JE 20 — L, Imh, Lobb.

7. Variety, with the same monogr. and a star. JE 22 — Imh *.

1. Not reviewed: Same types and leg.; monogr. /E— 20. Mionnet, Suppl., 204, monogr. 453 (Sestini), — Suspect: Leg. crude. Laureate and armored bust of Severus Alexander, right. Ct. AP | NAKAI | TCON | £T Cl 7 in a laurel wreath. 3o. Trade.

SEBASTEIA

: '♦.

'B Ztfàtntiz' (ethnic, after Stephen of Byzantium and 9Ufdafr.2e6aoT7)v<$<), today

Sivas on upper Halys. •..•*/*.

* • • • •

This city is mentioned for the first time by Pliny (Vf, •"§)•, Jqui Ja place in Colopena (KooXoumjv^ of Strabo). This location, the name and J-^re. monetary indicate that it was part of this district of Pont which was reduced to * pfjSyîace under Augustus (Strabo, XII, 3, 37), ejicore that Ptolemy (V, 6, 10) the place da'rtV'Jé bridge polemonic, but the generally accepted identification of Sébasteia with Mégofôpqfiç (foundation of Pompey) comes up against the reiterated assertion of Strabo (§ 3i and 3?) that;* rie/, At his time, Megapolitida belonged to Pythodoris. Sébasteia can be Carana" capital of the district (principality of Ateporix) whose annexation is mentioned by Strabo. Subsequently, Sebasteia became the capital of First Armenia (Hierocles)” which took under Justinian (Nbv. 3i) the name of Armenia II.

As shown by Mr. Imhoof, to whom we owe the identification of the coins of Sébasteia, the coin of Verus (if the imperial name is correctly restored) with the date 168 assumes an era between 8/7 BC and 1/2 AD (Verus reigned from March 161 to January 169.) That of Valérien with 254 (reign from August 253 to 261) supposes an era between 2/1 BC and 5/6 AD. It therefore remains possible that an era between 2/1 BC and 1/2 AD and like the neighboring city of Sebastopolis surely dates back to 2/1 BC, it is very likely that the same era suits Sébasteia. The name of the metropolis that Sébasteia takes on the currency of Verus is probably only given to him honoris causa, as to Amasia.

L.Verus.

1. AYTOKtP A OYHP]0 C€B. Laureate and armored bust right.

St. CGBACTIAC MHTPOTTOenC ch. G HPE (168 = 166/7 AD). Demeter standing left, hand left. on her scepter, dr. holding ears of corn. JE 25 — Lobb [PI. XIV, fig. 19].

Valérien father.

2. AY KAI TTOY AIKI OYAAGPIANO CGB- Laureate and armored bust right.

Ct. [CE]BACTHNG)N €T • ANC (254 = 262/3 AD) Rome Nicephorus

seated left, hand on her spear, her shield on the ground. JE 29 — Imh [PI. XIV, Hg. 20].

1. When Stephen of Byzantium claims that Sébasteia was formerly called 2«6arrr„ he seems to be committing a confusion with Neocaesarea. Pliny already gives the form Sebastia.

SEBASTOPOUS-HERACLEOPOLIS

» • • •

• • •

Zc6ccoT6iroXtç*\i) xaA° f HpsxXe

mm*

o'jcoihsulat of Marcus Aurelius (164} coincides with Tan 1 66 of the city. It follows that the city era starts oct. 2 BC and that it must have been part of the principality of Ateporix incorporated into the Empire at this time (Strabo XH, 3, 37); the name she worn then is unknown (perhaps Carana?). • ■

r

Sebastopolis is mentioned for the first time by Pliny (VI, .8) as a small town of Colopêne. Ptolemy (V, 6, 9) who calls him SeêaortaoXu; hipa f for distinguished from Dioscurias-Sebastopolis, the place in the Galatic Bridge. The name of Heracleopolis, already used on the inscription of 137, only appears on coins disguises Septimius Severus. The cult of Heracles had undoubtedly replaced that of a god local more or less analogous '; compare the club on coin No. 6 of Comana.

• ■'••■'■ • . . . '

Trajan. '■

" 1 . ÂYÎ • NEP • [TPAIANO]C KAICAP CEB • TEP • AAKIKOC. Laureate head to the right Ct. Eni n • | K • POYCO) • | CEBACTO | nOAECOC I E • 6P (109 = 107/8 AD).

BC) in a laurel wreath. JE 27 — Gotha [PI. XIV, fig. 21] \

• • - -

2. AYT NEP TFAJANO'C KAICAP CE TE AA. Laureate head right.

IJt. [C€]BACTOriOAITC0N ETOVC [9P]. Club and lion skin. M 24 — Lobb [PI. XIV, fig. 22]. ' ,

Septimius Severus.

3. AY-KAI^À-CëTTTJMi. (or CenTI) CGOYHPOC AY (or without AY). Bust ■-■■' i lauFé on the right. •" . ;

• * * • •

1. Perhaps Artagnès, who, on the monument of Antiochus of Commagene, is assimilated both to Ares and Heracles (1.55). ••...- -

2. Cf. a coin from Cybistra (Mionnet, Descr., IV, 437, no. 216) with ETTI POYCCONOC It is perhaps the son of P. Calvisius Ruso, proconsul of Asia under Domitieh

SEBASTOPOLIS-HERACLEOPOLIS I o3

1^. C€BACT e.g. ffAKAGO- Statue of Heracles standing facing, leaning on ' his club and holding the lion's skin on his left arm, under an arcade which connects two tetrastyle temples; on the front of the arcade, a balustrade. —

JE 29 _ p [Pi. XIV, fig. 28].

4. Same right.

^. C€BACTO e.g. tf>AKÀeO • 5" • K (208 = 206/7 AD)- Same type. JE 27 to 29 — Lobb; H (Cat. pi. XLIV r 20).

5. Same right.

St. CGBACT • HPAKAeO ex. €T HC Tetrastyle temple. JE 29 — Lobb [PI. XIV, fig. 24],

6. Same right.

1^. C€BACTOnO • ffAKAGOTTO ch. €p HI. Heracles wrestling with the bull,

on the right. ...

I $2 — W [PL XIV, flg. 25],

# • « • *

7. AY • KAI A CenTI C Laureate and armored bust right

^. TON KTICTHN CGBACTOnOAlC ch. fr • "• Heracles young standing

facing front, leaning on his club, and holding on his left arm. the skin of lion. JE 29 — P [PL XIV, flg. 26],

JULIA DOMNA.

* *

8. IOYAIA AOMNA AYr (or AY). Bust right.

I£. CGBACTOTTO • H>AKA... ex. €|- . K. Tyche standing.

JE 29 — L. ...

9. Same right.

^. CCBACT-çx. tPAKAeO | €p. K.C. Type of No. 3. (arcade between two

temples). JE 29 - L [PI. XIV, fig. 27].

10. Variety, with date €r HC

JE 29 — LÔB0.

1 1 . Same right.

Ct. CGBACTOTTO • FPAKAOnO. {sic) TT (sic) ch. €p • HZ. Heracles walking

right and carrying in his arms the wild boar of Erymanthus. JE 2g — L{Cat. ft. VII, 4).

1 04 SEBASTOPOLIS-HERACLBOPOLIS

!2. Same right.

St. CGBACTOnO • tPAKAGOTT. ch. €|- • ff. Heracles fighting with the lion,

on the right. JE 29 — P [PI. XIV, fig. 28]'.

Caracalla.

i3. . . .M AYP ANTHN.... Young laureate and armored bust, right. Ct. CGBACTO hPAKAGOnO. - - . Tyche standing left. ; ch. €p K- JE 28 — P [PL XV, flg. 1].

14. AY KAI M AYP ANTONINOC. Bust with young laureate head right.

I£. CGBACTO- ex. HPAKAGOn Type of No. 3; but the central arch is

flanked by two small arcades. JE 29 — P [PL XV, flg. 2].

i5. AY- KAI • M • AYPHAI- A Same bust.

3k CGBACTOn Heracles, his head and back covered with the skin of

lion, walking left, turning his head away, right hand on his club, and dragging Cerberus by a rope, with his left hand.

JE 29 — B [PL XV, flg. 3].

Geta.

16. A CGTTT rGTAC K. Bust, bare head, right. St. CGBA ex. HPAKGOn | ..HC Type of No. 3 (arcade Row of two

temples). JE 28 — P (rough), Lôbb (date cropped).

17. Variety with CCBACTO.

iE 2 8— W.

^ 18. Same right.

fy>- CCBACTO.. ex. €T • HC Tetrastyle temple seen in perspective, with

a statue of Heracles standing full face^ on a base. JE 3o — Lobb.

19. Same right.

I£. €T • HC to Pex. Tetrastyle temple, with a shield on the pediment. JE 29 — Lôbb (Imhoof, Zeit.fiir Num., XX, 265).

1. Not reviewed: Other. Ç&* CGBACT HPAKAGO* Heracles standing under a balustraded arcade, with a tetrastyle portico on each side. 28. Subhi-Pasha. Catal., iBj3, no. 139; Webster, Num. Chrono. % 1873, p. 26.

SEBASTOPOLIS-HERACLEOPOLIS

105

20. CentTIMI r€TAC KAICAP. Bust, bare head, right.

^. CCBACTOnO • HPAKA€OnO. ex. €T IHC (218= 216/7 AD) Head of young Heracles, covered with lion skin, right; below, club.

JE 29 — Imh [PL XV, flg. 4].

21. Same right.

St. CGBACTOnO • [HPAKlA€OnO • fl. ch. €r. K. Tyche standing left. I 29— B [PI. XV, fig. 5].

Gallienus.

22. AYT KAI no AIK TAAAIHNOC. Laureate and armored bust right.

I£. C€BACTO e.g. KPAKAGO, in ch. at the top, €T ex. CTC (266 = 264/5

AD). Type of No. 3 (arcade between two temples). JE 27 — W [PL XV, flg. 6].

23. Same right.

fy. CGBACTOnOAlC HPAKAGO.. ch. €r • ÇIC Heracles standing naked

face, holding the lion skin and leaning on his club. JE 27 to 29 — Lôbb [Zeit.fùr Num., XX, 265), W [PL XV, flg. 7].

24. Same right.

ty- CGBACTO ch. €f • çrc. Heracles standing right. struggling with the

lion. JE 29 — B (rude).

14

“FM

TAULARA

TauXapa (gen. TauXâpa>v) on coins, xà TaXaupa among historians (Appian, Mith. 1 1 5; Dion, XXXVI, 14; Rather. Luke. 19). It was identified with the large town of Taourla located (Munro, loc. cit., p. 730) in the hills above Kounda and the Upper Lycus Valley, 3 hours to TO. by Moudasou (Th. Reinach, Rev. num., 1900, p. 23o seq.). It was, according to the texts, a strong city, located in a mountainous region. tagnaire between Cabira and the Armenian border. Mithridates Eupator had installed there its main furniture storage and it is from his time that the rare bronzes of this city.

Period of Mithridates Eupator.

1. Head of Zeus crowned with oak, right.

I£. TAYAAPfïN. Eagle on thunderbolt, head to right; monogr. FR. JE 27 (thick) — P, W [PL XV, flg. 8], Imh [PL XV, flg. 9].

"" 2. Young helmeted head of Ares, right.

fy. In ch. TAYAAPHN. Sword in its sheath with baldric;

to left. the monogram. Vf] . JE 21 — L (Cat. pi. VII, 5), P [PL XV, flg. 10], Gotha, Imh, Lobb.

3. Variety without monogr. (?) (Zeit. fur Num., II, n 5, fig. = Walcher de Moltheim, pi. XIII, 1792).

TA Y A A P i l ^ : , ci c ^c -i ■ ' • ;

A '--■

TRAPEZUS

f H TpanteÇoOç (ethnic TponreÇouvrioç), today Trape\ounda, Tirab\on, Trébizonde, maritime town, colony of Sinope', where the Ten Thousand stopped. She is very rarely mentioned before the imperial era. We only know that it was part of the kingdoms of Mithridates Eupator, of Déjotarus, of Pythodoris, and was incorporated into the empire with the polemonic Pontus whose coins use the era (Oct. 64 AD). Pliny (VI, 1 1) qualifies Trapezus as a free city (Trapezus liberum, monte vasto clausum), title which it does not take from its coins and which is not given to it by any other text; perhaps she had lost it between the times of Pliny and that of Trajan. Ptolemy (V, 6, 5) counts Trapezus among the towns of Pontus Cappadocicus; after Diocletian she made part of the distinct province of Polemoniacal Pontus (Hierocles).

The oldest coins of Trapezus are shekels and quarters of a shekel(?) silver medals, which appear to date from the 4th century and are of a fairly bar- bare \ The type on the reverse, the table (xpdwie ça) loaded with grapes, is a speaking emblem; the right head could represent Hermes 3, whose cult is attested by Arrian (Perip., 3) and imperial coins (n°2Ô). On these latter coins (bronzes from Trajan to Philip), the most interesting types are linked to the cult of Mithras, undoubtedly introduced by the Persians. The importance of the Mithraeum of Trapezonte is attested by Christian texts (panegyric of Saint Eugene of Trebizond, etc.), recently published by Papadopoulos Kerameus (Fontes historiae imperii Trape\untii^ Petrop., 1897, p. 8 next and 63; cf. Cumont, Mithra^ I, 362-363). On our currencies, Mithras is mainly represented on horseback, a very rare motif in symbolism Mithraic (we only find it on the relief of Osterburken) and which is unexplained plicate (Cumont, I, 174). The accompanying dadophores, Cautès (Phosphorus) raising his torch and Cautopates (Hesperus) lowering his, the raven messenger of sun, the serpent symbol of the earth, the eagle, the tree and the altar, are on the contrary frequent representations (cf. Cumont, I, 192 ff.). Like the god Mên (Lunus) in Asia is frequently depicted on horseback, we wanted to see, in the horseman god of the mountains nests of Trapezus, a contamination of Mithra and Mên; but the characteristic crescent teristic on the shoulders does not appear, whatever has been said, on any copy.

1. The date of Ol. 6, 1 (736 BC) indicated for the foundation by Eusebius (II, p. 80 ed. Schœne) is obviously chimerical.

2. Cf. what Arrian says (Perip., 2-3) about the barbaric harshness of the inscriptions and statues of the city.

3. Or his descendant Philesios (cf. Apollo Philesios in Miletus) also adored in Trapezus (Arrian, loc. cit.).

I08 TRAPEZUS

4th century BC

i. Slightly bearded head, surrounded by a very thin laurel wreath, with left. Grenetis. Archaic style. 1^. TPÀ between the legs of a table, on which is a bunch of grapes. iR 18 to 21 — gr. 5.y5 P [PL XV, flg. 11] ; 5.64 Imh [PL XV, flg. 12] ; 5.70 L (Cat. pi. VII, 6); 5.90 B (Num. Zeit., II, pi. XI, 2 gr.).

2. Same right.

1^. TPA above a table.

A i3 — gr. i.36 L [PI. XV, fig. 13] ; Imh [PL XV, flg. 14]; i.35 Lobb".

3. Bearded head, left.

I£. TPA above a table; below, AA. j& ï3 _ gr. Iî2 5 B [PL XV, flg. 15].

COINS STRUCK WITH IMPERIAL EFFIGIES

Trajan.

4. AYTO KAIC NGP TPAIANOC C€ T€P AA- Laureate bust on the left.

^. TPAneZOYNTICON €TOYC N (40= io3/4 AD). Bust of Mithras

to the right, draped and wearing a Phrygian radiated cap. JE 33 to 29 — P [PL XV, flg. 16], F, Cop, Lôbb (rude).

5. Variety, with the head of Trajan, right.

JE 29 — COMM.

6. AY KA[..TPAIA] NOC CGB T€P AA- Same bust.

fy>. TPATTE|ZOYNTI|CON %" • N in a laurel wreath. JE 21 — Lôbb, H {Cat. ft. XLIV, 21).

7. Other. Legend erased, same bust.

fy. TPAnE|ZOYNTI|CON ET • N in a laurel wreath. JE 21 — W, B, Imh.

8. Other.

T$L. TPATTE|ZYNTI|flN ET I— (sic) in a laurel wreath. JE 21 — V.

1. Not reviewed: Same right. T$L- TPA above a dolphin; below EY«

TRAPEZUS I 09

Antoninus the Pious.

9. [....ANTCON€]INOC C Laureate head right.

fy. Leg. crude. Bust of Mithras right, as above. JE 23 — Lobb.

Mr. AURÈLE

10. AYTOKPA Head of Marcus Aurelius to the right.

fy. TPATTGZ Bust of Mithras right, as above.

JE 21 — P [PI. XV, fig. 17] \

Lucius Verus.

1 1 . Leg. erased. Head of L. Verus to the right.

ï$L. Leg. erased. Bust of Mithras to the right, head radiated and wearing a cap

Phrygian; in front, the protome of his horse. JE 29 to 26 — B, Lobb (rough leg.).

12. Other.

JE 23 — B, Lobb (rough leg.) [PL XV, fig. 18].

Convenient.

i3. AY K M AYP KOM Bust with laureate bearded head, right.

St. [TPAlneZOYNTICON GT KP (120= 183/4 AD). Bust of Mithras

to the right. next to a horse protome. I 2? _ w [PL XV, fig. 19].

14. AYT K M AYP • KOM • ANT • CGB- Same bust. 1^. TPATTGZ[OYNTICO]N GTOYC K[P]. Same type. JE 27 — P.

1 5. AYT K M AYP • KOMO • ANTCONINOC Laureate head right.

St. TPAneZOYNTICON GT PKG (123 = 1N8/9 AD). Bust of Mithras

to the right. with the horse's head. JE 27 — Lobb.

1. Not reviewed: AYTOKP-K ANT ... Head of Wntonin the Pious, right. I$L. TPAnGZOYNTICON GT An(?). Woman standing left, a quadruped at her feet. 28. Comm.

2. Not reviewed: AYT • K • M • AY • ANTflNGINOC CGB- Laureate work of Marc Aurèlc. fy. Leg. erased. Bust of Mithras wearing a radiate cap, leading a horse. 32. MS. 212 (Scstinil.

*m

1IO

TRAPEZUS

Septimius Severus.

16. AYTO • KAI • A • C€n • C€YH • n€PT • C€B. Laureate head.

$&. TPATT€ Mithras on horseback, right; behind, a tree; in front, a

small altar; between the horse's legs, the date AAP(i 3 1=194/5 AD). jE32 — Pe [PL XV, fig. 20].

17. Other; leg. rough, head to right.

I£. TPAnEZOYNTfICON] EAP (i35 = 198/9 AD). Bust of Mithras

with the horse protome on the right. JE 26 — V [PL XV, fig. 21].

JULIA DOMNA.

18. IOYAIA Bust right.

1^. Leg. crude. Mithras on horseback galloping, right. ; in front, an altar. JE 3i — Lobb'.

19. IOY. . . AOMNA C€B. . . Bust right.

I£. TPAnEZOYNTinN e.g. 6T-. Mithras on horseback walking right. ; in front, a

altar; behind, a figure who appears to be carrying a torch. JE 28 — Lôbb [PL XV, fig. 22].

Caracalla.

20. . . .M AY ANTCONINOC Laureate and armored bust, right.

I£. TPAn€ZOYNTIC0N... (rough date). Mithras on horseback, as above

(September Severus, n. 16). JE 3o — Imh.

21 AY ANTCONGINON CGB. Young laureate head right.

I£ OYNTICON GTOYC at the bottom PA6(?) (i35= 198/9). Bust of Mithras,

as in No. i3. JE 29 — Arolsen (Imhoof, GM., pi. V, 6).

22. Other. Rough date. JE 24 — Imh.

21. AY • K • M • ANTH[NEINOC]. Laureate and armored bust right.

1^. TPATTGXOYNTI... e.g. illegible date. Hades-Serapis standing left, holding

1. Not reviewed: IOYAIA AOMNA- Bust right. Ct. TPAnGZOYNTIHN 6 • GDP (imprint date possible). Mithras on horseback advancing towards an altar; behind, a tree. 32. MS. 214 (Sestini).

TRAPEZUS I I I

a crown from the hand of dr. raised, and supporting himself with the hand left. on his

scepter. JE 29 and 3 1 — V [PL XV, flg. 28] (GAP date, according to Eckhel), Comm. ' .

Macrinus.

24 eiNOC Laureate bust of Macrinus, right.

Ct. [TPA]TT€XOYNTICON. Bust of Mithras, as in n° i3. JE 21 — W IPL XV, flg. 24].

DlADUMENIAN.

25. AY • KAI... On- AIA Bare head.

Ct. TPATTeZOYNTIfïN ex. date erased. Mithras on horseback; behind, a tree;

in front, a column surmounted by an eagle and above, a star. JE 29 — Wigan.

Elagabalus.

26. ... M • AY • AN... INOC. Laureate head right.

Ct. TPATT e.g. €T PN€ (i55 = 218/9 AD). Mithras on horseback,

right; behind, a tree and a small figure wearing a phryc cap gien; in front, a small altar and a small figure wearing the same hairstyle, holding a big torch and walking to the right.

JE 32 — Lôbb (rude).

27. Legend deleted. Laureate bust right.

I£. TPA[neZOY]NTICON ex. €T • PNE (retrograde). Naked Hermes, standing left, right foot on a rock, chlamys on left arm leaning on his knee and holding his caduceus with his right hand.

JE 20 — B [PL XV, flg. 26].

^28. AY K M AY ANTCONINOC Laureate bust right.

ï^. TPATT€ZOYNTICON G ex. T • PNF (i56 = 219/20). Woman sitting at

left, tutulated, holding a peg in the right hand and a horn

abundance of the left. JE 27 — W [PL XV, flg. 26].

29. AY (or AYT) K (or KAI) M AY (or AYPH) ANTCONEINOC (sometimes C€B). Laureate bust right.

i. Not reviewed: AY KAI M AYP (ANTCONIN- • • crude letters); in second line IOYA AOM- Laureate bust of Caracalla, right. (overstruck). Ct. TPAflEZOYN ••• Mithras on horseback right, front, altar; behind, tree, and under the horse, Ç. — 35. MS. 216.

I i 2 TRAPEZUS

1^. TPAnGZOYN (or TPAnGZOYNTI) ex. GT PAfi. Mithras on horseback right. ;

in front, an altar; behind, a tree. JE 29 to 32 — P.

3o. Other, with ex. GT • PNH (1 58 = 22 1 /2). JE 24 — Pe.

3i. AYT- K- M -AN Laureate head.

fy. TPAnGZOYNTI Naked standing Dionysus.

JE 27 — Pe (rude).

Julia Paula.

32. IOYAIATTAYAA AYrOY. Bust right.

1^. [T]PAnGZOYNT|... GT- Pf€ (i55 = 218/9). Mithras on horseback, right;

behind, a tree; in front, a small altar. JE 29 — W [PL XV, fig. 27].

Severe Alexandre.

33. AY K M AY CGOY AAGIANAPOC. Laureate and armored bust right.

I£. TPAnGZOYNTICON e.g. G • PZB (162 = 225/6). Mithras on horseback right;

in front, an altar. JE 29 — B, W [PL XV, fig. 28], Lobb, L.

34. AY • K • CGOY (or CGOYH or M • A • C .) AAGIAN- (or AAGIANAPOC). Bust

laureate on the right. St. TPATTEZOYNTICON ex. GT PZr (i63 = 226/7). Mithras on horseback right;

in front, a lighted altar; behind, a tree at the top of which is

a crow perched. JE 29 — Imh [PL XVI, fig. 1], Pe [PL XVI, fig. 2], P (rude) \

35. Other with AAGIANAPOC.

Ct. Dionysus young and naked, standing left, holding a cantharus above a

panther. JE 29 — Imh (Zeit. fur Num. XX, 266).

36. Other.

I£. TPAnGZOYNTIflN e.g. GT PIA (161 = 224/5) (orPlA?). Serapis standing

left, right hand extended, and holding a palm frond in the left. JE 2g — L [PL XVI, fig. 3],

1. Mr. Imhoof thinks he recognizes the points of a crescent in front of the rider's shoulders.

TRAPEZUS I I 3

37. Other with the date Pir (163 = 226/7). JE 28 — Lobb.

38. Other.

I£. TPÀTTEZOYNTinN Tyché standing.

JE 25 — Pe.

3g. AY K M AY (ANTflNINOC, remade). Laureate and armored bust right.

Ct. Leg. erased; ex. £T PI (?). Mithras on horseback right, between an altar and a tree; in front of him a genie with raised torch; behind, another genius with lowered torch; above the horse, a flying crow; in the exergue, a snake, right. JE 32 — M [PL XVI, flg. 4 1 ].

Orbiane.

40. OPBI • CAAAOY • C€B • [AYrO]YCT. Tiara bust right.

St. TPAnezOYNTICON, ex. GDP (162 = 225/6). Mithras on horseback, right;

behind, a tree; in front, a small altar. JE 2b — W (gap)

41. OPB • CAAOY • OPBIANH AYI". Tiara bust right.

fy- TPAnezOYNïCDN, ex. € • P3X (i63 = 226/7). Same type, with the

crow on the tree. JE 29 — Imh {Zeit. f. Num. XX, 266), P [PI. XVI, fig. 5].

42. [. . . CAjAOY • OPBIANHN AYrOYC Diademed head right.

Ct. TPAfiezOYNTinN £.. Tyche standing right.

I 29 — BUNBURY.

43. OPB • CAAOY • OPBI • A Y. Tiara bust right.

IJt. TPAfiezOVNTICON € • PI.. Same type of Tyche on left. JE 29 — Imh (Zeit.f. Num. XX, 266).

My MAE A,

44. IOYAIAN MAMGAN AYI". Tiara bust, right. fy. TPAfieZOYNÏW • € • PZr. Tyche standing left. A 27 — W [PI. XVI, fig. 6].

1. This piece was described under Elagabalus by Sestini (MS. 218); Streber, pi. II, 10; Gerhard, Archeolog. Zeitung, 1854, pi. LXV, i. Imhoof (GM, p. 583) reads the date PII".

iS

\

I 14 TRAPEZUS

Gordian.

45. AY K M AN (or ANT) TOPAIANOC C€B. Laureate bust right. 1^. TPAnezOYNTIfïN, ex. €T POG (175 = 238/9). Mithras on horseback at a walk,

to the right; in front, a lighted altar; behind, a tree; above the head of the horse, a star. JE 32 — Lobb.

46. Other. I£. TPAREZOYNTICON €T PO€. Tutulated Tyche, standing right, turning away

the head, holding a cornucopia and a rudder; in ch. to right, one star. I 3o and 32 — B.

47. Other.

Ct. Same leg. and date and same type, left. JE 28 — Comm.

48. Other.

St. TPAneSOYNTIfîN ch. €T • nP (180 = 243/4). Veiled head of Tyche and

rounded, right. JE 30 to 33 — Lôbb, W [PI. XVI, fig. 7].

49. Other.

fy. TPAn€[Z]OYNTinN ex. €T • np. Mithras on horseback, walking right;

in front, a small altar. JE 29 — W [PL XVI, flg. 8].

50. Other.

I£TPAn€ZOYNTinN. Mithras on horseback walking right; behind, a

tree; in front, a column on a base, surmounted by a bird which appears to be a raven, and above the bird, a star; under the horse, a snake crawling on the right.

JE 27 — L (Cat. pi. VII, 8).

5i. Other.

3&. TPAnGXOYNTIflN. Dionysus standing, facing, naked, a chlamys on his shoulders, leaning with the left hand on a thyrsus and pouring the right the contents of a canthara. JE 29 — P (rude) f Lôbb.

52. Other.

1^. TPAnEXOYNT. Tutulated Tyche standing left. JE 32 — V, Lobb.

TRAPEZUS I I 5

Tranquilline.

53. CAB' TPANKYAINAC {sic) C€B. Bust right.

fy. [TlPAneSOYNTICON ex. np (180 = 243/4). Dionysus standing, like

at No. 5i. JE 29 — W [PL XVI, fig. 9], B.

Philippe father.

54. M • IOY • <|>IAinnOC • KAICAP • C€B. Radiated head right.

St. TPAneZOYNTICON €T • AnP (181 = 244/5). Veiled bust of Tyche and

rounded, right. JE 32 — P [PL XVI, fig. 10], Lobb.

Otacilia.

55. M • H • C€YHPAN C€B. Bust right.

Ct. TPAneZOYNTICON, ch. GT • AF1P. Veiled and turried tyche, standing right. JE 32 — Imh.

Philippe son.

56 [C€]OY • QIAinnOC C€B. Radiate or laureate head, right.

1^. TPAneZOYNTIflN, e.g. €T • Anp. Mithras on horseback, right; behind,

a tree; in front, an altar and a column topped with a corbel. JE 32 — Pe [PL XVI, fig. 11], V, B (rude).

57. ...IOY • OIAinnOC Head to right.

I£. TPAn€ZOYNT... ch. €T... Nemesis standing left. JE 29 — Cambridge [PL XVI, fig. 12] \

i. Not reviewed: Leg. crude POC- Indistinct head. Ct. TPAnCZOYNTIfl* Nemesis standing

left, with the wheel at his feet; in ch. GT * AflP* 27. Comm.

ZELA

Ta Zi;Xa (ethnic Z^X^ç), today Zilleh, on a hill south of Iris. Simple town under the Mithridates with a famous temple of the Persian divinities Anaïtis, \2fxav<5<; and 'AvaSaTTjç, Zéla was established as a city by Pompey and provided with a vast territory (Strabo, XI, 8, 4; XII, 3, 3y). Later, under Antoine, this territory was divided between Ateporix and the high priests of Zéla and Comana; finally, it belonged entirely to Pythodoris (Strabo, XII, 3, 3i and 3y). Zela was incorporated into the Empire with the rest of the Polemonic bridge whose coins follow the era (Oct. 64 AD) and where the count Ptolemy. After Dioctetian it belonged to Hélénopont (Hierocles).

The coins known to Zéla were only minted for a very small number years, at the end of the principate of Septimius Severus. One of them (No. 11) seems to give a view of the city with its enclosure, teT^oc, mentioned by Strabo (XI, 8, 4)'.

Trajan 2.

Septimius Severus.

1. AY KAI A CGTTT (or CenTI) CGOYHPOC AY. Laureate head right.

St. ZHAITCON TOY nON- ex. GT • PMB (142 = 2o5/6 AD). Temple tetrastyle, with central arcade and pediment; in the middle, a lit altar. JE 3o — L [PL XVI, flg. 18].

2. Other.

St. ZHAITCON TOY TTN. ex. €T PMB. Hexastyle temple (hypethra?) at pediment indented in the middle.

JE 28 — COMM.

1. We do not know why on the coins of Zéla the inhabitants are entitled Zi^Xitôv toO ndvxou. The “Zela of Armenia” of Stephen of Byzantium seems imaginary and Flaviopolis of Thrace does not was never called Zela, as Pope claims, but Coela (Pliny, IV, 47). The only other ZT.Xîtat known are the inhabitants of Zélis in Maurétanic (Strab. r XVII, 3, 6), but the confusion was possible?

2. Not reviewed: AYT TPAIANOZ KAIZAP 2EB TEPM AAK flO- Laureate head of Trajan to the right.

Ct. ZÊYZ EflIKAPriIOZ ZEAEITHN ETOYZ N. Zeus Nicephorus seated left. (B. Haussoullier, Rev. of Philology, t. XXII, 1899, p. 169). On the right, the place of the word Ka'oao and the epithet no (vxûpeÇ) us appear impossible, as well as, on the reverse, the spelling ZcXr.xwv (False coin?).

ZELA II7

3. Other, with leg. ZHAITCON TOY TTON (or nONT), and the date €T PMr.

(143 = 206/7 AD)- JE 29 — P [PI. XVI, fig. 14], W, B, L {Cat. ft. VII, 9), V, H.

JULIA DOMNA.

4. [IOYA]IA. AOM... Bust right.

fy. ZHAITCON TOY ex. €T PMB. Hexastyle temple with indented pediment. ^E 28 — Imh.

„. 5. IOYAIA AOMNA AYTOYCTA. Bust right.

fy. ZHAITCON TOY RONT. ex. GT. PMr Hexastyle temple with exchanged pediment created; in the pediment, a star. JE 29 — P [PL XVI, flg. 15], B, F (rude), Lôbb.

6. Variety with GT • PM" in ex.

JE 28 — Lobb \

Caracalla.

7. AY KAI M AYPH ANTflNINOC Young laureate head, right.

It-. ZHAITCON TOY nONT. e.g. GT PMB- Zeus seated left. holding hands

Dr. a sheaf of barbed wire and leaning from the left. on his scepter. JE 27 to 29 — P [PL XVI, flg. 16], N.

8. Other.

I£. Same leg. Hexastyle temple, with indented pediment, as above

(n<>5). JE 28 — P [PL XVI, flg. 17], L, V, B (rude), Lôbb.

^ 9. Other.

1^. ZHAITCON TOY (without TTONT, as in n° 4) ex. GT PMB. Same temple. JE 28 — Imh [PI. XVI, fig. 18].

10. Other.

St. ZHAITCON TOY NO ex. GT PMB. Tetrastyle temple, with indented pediment,

in which is a figure of Tyche standing at left. I 3o — B.

11. Other.

St. ZHAITCON TOY TTONT ex. GT PMB. Two crenellated towers connected by a distyle arcade topped with a pediment; all on a base rocky.

JE 26 — P [PL XVI, flg. 19].

1. His review: Same right. fy. KOI IlON ZHAITCON GT PMB- Same type. 27. MS. 221 (Sestini). Implausible legend.

I 1 8 ZELA

12. Other.

Ct. ZHAITCON TOY nON (or T70NT) ex. €T PMr. Tetrastyle temple with

central arch; in the arcade, a star. JE 27 to 29 — B, Mi.

i3. Other.

l$L. Same leg. Tetrastyle temple, with central arcade; the entrance is closed

by a trellis. JE 29 to 3 1 — P [PL XVI, fig. 20], Lobb.

14. Other.

Ct. Same leg. Tetrastyle temple, with indented pediment. JE 29 — V.

i5. AY • KAI • M • AYP • ANTUININOC Young laureate head right.

Ct. ZHITCON {sic) TOY n. ex. €T • PM". Rider (the emperor) galloping at

straight, bare head, floating chlamys, throwing a javelin. JE 22 — W [PL XVI, fig. 21].

16. AY KAI M AYP ANTCONINOC Laureate head right.

St. ZHAITCON TOY no, ch. €T PMT. Sheaf of three ears. JE 22 — Imh [PL XVI, fig. 22].

17. AY KAI M AYPH ANT Same head.

fy. ZHAITCON TOY no". ex. GT PMR (146 = 209/10). Tetrastyle temple

with arcade, in which is an altar surmounted by a star. JE 27 — W [PL XVI, fig. 23], B.

18. Other with €T • PMR. Tetrastyle temple with arcade and trellis. JE 27 — Lobb [Zeit. f. Num. XII, pi. XIII, 1).

PAPHLAGONIA

PAPHLAGONIA

Paphlagonia (*i n*pXorçov£a), from an ethnographic and numismatic point of view, has for limits to the north the Pont Euxin, from the mouth of the Halys to that of the Parthenius, at Test and to the south-east the Bridge from which it is roughly separated by the course of the Halys, while leaving the territory of Phazimon to Paphlagonia on the right bank; finally, at south and west, Galatia and Bithynia from which the Halys separates it first, then a irregular line passing south of Gangra and joining the Parthenius valley. These limits which, even from an ethnographic point of view, have something floating - on the two banks of the Halys Cappadocians and Paphlagonians were mixed, — do not coincide at no time with the political borders of the country.

On the coast of the Euxine, the Greeks, mainly the Milesians, had founded several several colonies, Cromna, Cytorus, Sesamus which are already mentioned in the Cata- Homeric logue, then Sinope whose foundation dates back to Tan 63o and which became the city the most powerful on the coast. Inner Paphlagonia, protected by its mountains, hardly appears in history until the 6th century, where it was successively conquered by the Lydians and by the Persians. In Darius' organization she was part of a vast satrapy (the 111th of Herodotus), whose capital was Daskylion and which was later dismembered. At this time, contrary to their later claims, the Paphla- Gonians paid tribute; but at the end of the fifth century and the beginning of the fourth dynasts had almost completely thrown off the yoke, refused the Great King the tribute and military service, and threatened the independence of the Hellenic cities of the coast. However, the authority of the Great King was reestablished in these areas around 375 by the energetic satrap of Cappadocia, Datame.

Alexander's expedition did not touch Paphlagonia, but the natives from there went to the king at Ancyra to make their submission to him, on the condition that he would not pass through their territory and would not impose tribute on them. They were placed under the surveillance of the governor of Hellespontic Phrygia, Calas, who seems to have subjugated \ The cities of the coast probably submitted after Arbeles: a Sinopian deputation found itself in Media. After the death of the conqueror and the destruction

1. Amen, II, 4, 1; Q. Curce, III, 1, 23.

2. Q. Curce, IV, 5, i3.

16

122 PAPHL AGONY

of the short-lived domination of Ariarathe by Perdiccas (32 1), Paphlagonia belonged successively, at least in name, to Eumenes, Antigone, Lysimachus and Seleucus. But from 3oi BC. BC the mountaineers of Olgassys (Oulgaz dagh) rose up at the call of Mithridates Ctists, and in the troubled times which followed the death of Seleucus (281), Inner Paphlagonia finally shook off the yoke of the Macedonian kings. As for the cities of the coast, Amastris fell into the hands of the kings of Pontus from 279; Sinope, long protected by the friendship of Egypt and Rhodes. in i83 only; the others on uncertain dates.

At the beginning of the 11th century, Inner Paphlagonia appears divided between several several dynasts, natives or Gauls* who initially supported the enemies of Roman fluency, the Galatians and Pontus. But, from 182, one of them, Morzios, embraced •the Pergamenian alliance against Pharnaces, who occupied and plundered part of the country; at treaty of 179 he had to evacuate it and interior Paphlagonia was then united under the scepter of Morzios, who resided in Gangra and styled himself king, One of his descendants, Pylcmene (Evergetes), first loyal ally of the Romans, bequeathed when dying (between 130 and 121) kingdom to Mithridates Eugetes, who does not appear to have entered into possession. Around 107, Mithridates Eupator and Nicomedes Evergetes agree to share Paphlagonia, where the latter installed one of his sons as king, bearing the name Pylémène. In 95, the Roman Senate forces the two kings to surrender their conquests and Paphlagonia is declared free A few years later, following the victory of Amnias (88), Mithridates invaded it and had it subdued, not without difficulty, by his lieutenants. He nevertheless had to return to the treaty of Dardanus (85), but we do not know what the condition of the country was then! Reconquered by Mithridates at the start of the third war against Rome (73), Paphla- gony was definitively taken from him the following year. Shortly after, the towns of the coast, remained Pontic until then, were in turn conquered by the Romans, Amastris by Triarius, Sinope by Lucullus (70).

It was only in 64 that Pompey regulated the fate of the new acquisitions. The cities Greeks of the coast were attached to the new province of Bithy nia-Pont us; the Inner Paphlagonia — including, it seems, the two new “cities” of Pom- peiopolis and Neapolis (Phazimon) — formed a small kingdom for the benefit of a supposed descendant of the ancient dynasty, Attalus. His successors were the Galatian Castor, then his two sons; on the death of the last king, Déjotarus Philadelphe (between october- Bre 6 and September 5 BC. AD) \ Inner Paphlagonia was incorporated into the empire. It was attached to the imperial province of Galatia, which was governed by a propraetor legate, but it undoubtedly retained a certain administrative autonomy and probably a particular xotvev. The chief town appears to have first been Gangra, the ancient capital of Morzios and Déjotarus *, later Pompeiopolis which, on its coins, in the 12th century, takes the title of wzpfaoku; na

1. This date is definitively assured by the inscription of Phazimon (Inscr. gr. rom., i3j) where Ton sees that in March 3 BC. AD we were in the third year of the province. (The Paphlagonian year surely begins in autumn.) The same date results from the dedication of Neoclaudiopolis to the em- Father Carin (283-a85) dated from the year 288 of the city (iftûf., 139).

2. It was there that the oath of loyalty of the Paphlagonians to Augustus was taken {Inscr. gr. rom., 137).

PAPHLAGONIA î£3

Bithynia \ This state of affairs seems to have persisted until the reorganization of Dioctetian where Paphlagonia now formed a distinct but mutilated province, including Gangra, Pompeiopolis, Ionopôlis (Abonotichus) and Amastris, but not plus Andrapa (Neapolis) and Sinope which now count at the Galactic Bridge, soon called Héïénopont

The monetary history of Paphlagonia can be divided into three periods: \

I. Until Alexander the Great. Inside, no coinage. On the coast, Sinope has been striking silver coins (Persian standard) extensively since the beginning of the sixth century. Cromna and Sesamus issue a few silver coins in the second half of the 4th century, a time when the satraps of Cappadocia, who had become masters of Sinope, inscribe their names on the coins of this city, first in Greek, then in characters Aramaic terers.

II. From Alexander to the Roman conquest. The large cities of the coast strike ar- gent until their occupation by the kings of Pontus: Amastris until 279, Sinope until 183 (Aeginetic, Rhodian, then Attic standards); from these dates they will not are more authorized than to strike bronze, the royal government having reserved the mints silver and gold coins. The striking of the municipal bronze is also encouraged by the Mithridates; it appears, under their regime, to Abonotichus and to Pimolisa. The municipal bronzes of this period present in the different cities a remarkable uniformity of types which is also observed in Pont. At the in- Later, the first royal bronzes were struck by Pylémène Évergetes (around 1300), probably in Gangra. The last kings of Paphlagonia issued some drachmas of reduced weight.

III. Roman domination. Local bronze coinage continues or begins in Sinope, Amastris, Abonotichus, Germanicopolis (Gangra), Neoclaudiopolis (Pha- zimon), Pompeiopolis. The coins of Amastris are often without imperial effigy; those of Sinope, a Roman colony, have Latin legends. Coinage ceases in the small workshops during the reign of Caracalla. At Abonotichus it extends until Trebonien Galle, Amastris and Sinope up to Gallien. The last currency known from Sinope, dated 270, is even later than the death of this emperor.

The most common era on Paphlagonian coins is that of autumn. 6 BC AD, date of the annexation of the kingdom of Gangra to the empire. This era is used

1. Ptolemy, who wrote under Marcus Aurelius, connects most of the coast to Galatia Paphlagonian (Abonotichus, Sinope) and leaves Bithynia only the western part, since Cytorus (V, 1, 7; V, 4, 2-3). But this information is contradicted by Lucien (Alex. 27) for Abono- tichus, and for Sinope by a fairly recent inscription (Inscr. gr. rom. 9S). Cf. Cumont, Rev* et. Greeks, XVI (1903), a5.

2. Hierocles, p. 695. He still counts in Paphlagonia Sera (Zora, on the upper Billaeus) and Dadybra (Iskelib, near Middle Halys?). These six Paphlagonian cities are also listed in the Short story 29 by Justinian. Let us note in passing that Justinian, by annexing Honorias to Paphla- gonia, falsely claims that this province had been detached from it by Honorius; in reality, Honorias is a dismemberment of Bithynia.

1 24 PAPHLAGONIA

on the coins of Gangra (Germanicopolis) and Neoclaudiopolis (Phazimon) and on the inscriptions from Pompeiopolis. The Pompeian era of 64 BC appears on the mon- naies of Amastris and on the inscriptions of Abonotichus. In Sinope we found at the time of Mithridates Eupator (in 7 3 BC) a completely isolated example of a royal father of Bithynia and Pontus (297 BC); in Roman times, Sinope follows the era from there foundation of the colony (45 BC) until Alexander Severus, and, from this reign, by a change whose reason escapes us, the era of the Roman conquest (70 BC), which already appears on the coins of Julia Domna. Finally, on the drachma by Déjotarus Philadelphe, if the reading uxÇ is correct, we would have a unique example from an era dating back to the Persian era.

KINGS OF PAPHLAGONIA

Kings or dynasts of Paphlagonia mentioned in legend or history are as follows (the asterisk designates those which struck coins):

i. Pylaemenes (I«r), named in the Homeric Catalog (Iliad, II, 85 1: lïotv S'^cc 10 DuXsifAivcoc Xdfcffiov xfjp) and other passages from the Iliad.

2. Corylas, at the end of the 5th century (400). He is described by Xenophon as ap^wv and had no not responded to the call of the great King against Cyrus (Anabasis, V, 6, 8, etc.)*

3. Otys (and not Cotys, Agesilaus, III, 3) persevered in this seditious attitude, and made friendship with Agesilaus who married him to the daughter of Spithridates, in 395 (Hellin., IV, 1).

4. Thys (Oùç; Thuys in Nepos, Dating., 11.3), fierce barbarian, whom Datame — his cou- sin germain — taken prisoner and taken in chains to Artaxerxes II, around 3d5 BC. AD \ (Theopompus after Athenaeus, IV, 144 F and X, 415 D; Nepos, Dat., 2).

5. Gaizatorix, at the beginning of the 11th century. It was probably a condottiere Galatian installed in Paphlagonia, near the Bithynian border (J> rctorclpifoc, Strabo, XII, 3, 42). At the start of the war between Eumenes and Pharnaces (1 83 following) he changed several times in camp (Polybius, XXV, 4, 6).

6. Morzios, same period. He resided in Gangra (Strabo, XII, 3, 41). In 189 he fought with the Galatians against Vulso (Liv. XXXVIII, 26), but in the war of Pharnaces he sides with Eumenes, and in the treaty of 179 Pharnaces undertakes to restore to him its treasures (Polybius, XXV, 6, 9). In this treatise he is described as a king.

* 7. Pylaemenes II is among the allies of Rome in the Aristonic War (1 33 following). Dying without posterity, he bequeathed his States to Mithridates Evergetes (Justin, XXXVII,

1. For this date, cf. Judeich, Kleinasiatische Studien, p. 192.

I2O KINGS OF PAPHLAGONIA

4, 5; XXXVIII, 5, 4). We should perhaps attribute the bronze coins to him name of Pylaemenes Évergetes. This nickname was very fashionable then.

8. Pylaemenes III, son of Nicomedes III Evergetes of Bithynia who installed him as king in Paphlagonia around io3 BC; he was expelled in 95 (Justin, XXXVII, 4, 8; XXXVIII, 2, 6). He should be identical to the bastard Socrates, if it is true, as the relates Licinianus, that Nicomedes had only two sons, Nicomedes IV (Philopator) and this bastard. The bronzes of Pylaeménes Évergetes have also been attributed to him. — When of the Mithridatic invasion of 88, Eutrope (V, 5) and his copyists (Orosius, Rufus) mention a king Pylaemenes chased_pâl jyiithridate; this character, unknown of Appian, appears to be imaginary, because in 95 Paphlagonia had been declared "free".

9. Attalus was named, in 64, by Pompey “dynast” of Paphlagonia (Appian, Mith. 1 14). As Strabo (XII,. 5" -1 1) relates that Pompey returned Paphlagonia to the descendants of Pylaeménes, xoïç ànô ifoXatpiyouç, we must conclude that Attalus had created a family tree linking him to ancient kings. Here again Eutrope (VI, 14) introduces a probably fictitious Pylaemenes: Attalo and Pylaemeni Paphla-

'goniam redditit (Pompeius). ..

10. Beaver “the Tarcondarian”. In 41 or 40 (Dion, XLVIII, 33), Attalus having died, Marc Antony gave Paphlagonia (and Galatia) to a certain Castor, in whom we must recognize the son of the tetrarch Castor I, son-in-law and accuser of Dejotarus the Great. Castor must have died as early as 36, when Antony gave Qalatia to Amyn-

1 heap (Dion, XU£, 3?ï.: ' . " ' . . . \ ' ?' \ [[ "'."

* 11. Dejotarus Philadelphus, son of Castor and last king of Paphlagonia (Strabo,

""XII, 3, 41). In 3i, he was among Antony's allies, but he betrayed him on the eve

, . . ....

of Actium and was, as a reward, kept on the throne by Augustus (Dion, L, i3;

Plutarch, Ant. 61 and 63). He died between October 6 and September 5 BC.

(Inscr. gr. rom. 137). — On the first coin of Philadelphus, it is associated with a 'Queen Adobogionà {her mother, wife or sister?) who bears the same name as the sister *■ of Brogitaros, mother of Mithridates of Pergamum (Strabo XIII, 4, 3) Y but not r could not be identical to this princess.

* 12. Déjotarus Philopator is only known by the coinage where he is associated with Déjotarus

: Philadelphus. The type of the reverse (caps of the Dioscuri) seems to indicate that these

princes were brothers, the title of king proves that Philopator had been associated with the

crown; the features of Philadelphus are already accentuated: the piece must date from the end

of the reign. Philopator undoubtedly died before his brother, otherwise he would have succeeded him.

1. Cf. also the inscription of Methymna (Inscr. gr* i*sul. II, _5j6) and cellfl of the J^idymeioa of Milct (Haussoullier, Milet, p. 210; his name is written 'ACafioyKova).

KINGS - OF PAPHLAGONIA I 27

PYLAEMENE II OR III E VERGETUS. .

(around i33.or io3 BC).

1. Bare head of Heracles, beardless, right, short hair, lion skin tied around the neck, the club on the shoulder (this head of Heracles has the characters of a portrait). St. BAIIAEjQI II TTYAAIMaiOY | EYEPrETOY vertic. Nike standing 4 g. tenant

a crown and a palm. JE 23 — P [PL XVII, flg. 1], L {Cat. ft. XXIII, 1 1), Imh, B,~M [PI. XVII, flg. 2], Pb, Lobb.

2. Other; to the right, on the cheek of Heracles, the countermark BA! in a vine crown (similar to that of the tetradrachms of Mithridates).

JE 22 — P.

2 bis. Other ; to the right on the cheek of Heracles, the countermark (Jf and, in front the head, the BU countermark. JE 23 — L (Num. Chron. igo3, pi. XI, 3).

3. Ox head, front view. Ifc. Same leg. Winged caduceus (concave field).