Collection of Royal Coins, Vol. 1 (alternate scan) — vol. 1 alternate — 1762

The eighth medal which contains a

Collection of Medals. 79

legend, part in Greek characters, & part ■ in Phoenician caraûres, was deflected & gra- Plate seen before the printing of the letter that Mr. Abbot Barthélémy wrote to the authors of the Journal des Scholars, in the month of August jydo; in which he brings back this medal with the explanation of the Phoenician legend, which makes known among other things that she was struck in Laodicea. II there also explains the Phoenician legend of a another medal from this collection struck in Tire for Antiochus IV, who is not mentioned here, because she was in the father's colleaion Froelich; but the medals 5, 6 of 7, are not there find point.

ANTIOCHUS V, Eupator.

The bronze medal of Antiochus Eupatory quiet here reported, relTemble by fon type to the medals of Antiochus I pator. We only read (t"a to/) > the corner having not worn on the entire face of the medal; of strong as the first letter of the name Antiochus, nor the first of the title Eupator, appear period. If it was from Antiochus Philopatory it ikudroit that the letter t was an o. But there is no

8o Collection of Medals.

s==there is no appearance that this letter was Counterfeit board. Until now we had not known

no bronze medal of Antiochus Eupator, There is one in this collection of silver, undoubtedly ancient table, similar to that which was published by Vaillant. Haym, to make knowing the rarity, marked that he had none seen in all England none that had not appeared fufpede of alteration.

DEMETRIUS I y Deus, Philopator, Soter.

Thirteen silver medals from Demetrius I, who is in this colleelion, we only report this one; Father Frœlich does not having reported no such thing, faith for the type, good for the time.

There are also several others that he does not have. known, but whose types are common, with the exception of one bronze which represents two women standing, with crowned heads detours, giving the right hand, & carrying each in the left hand a horn of abon^ dance.

V

ALEXANDER

Collection of Medals. 8i

ANCHR

ALE XAND RE I, Theopator, Evergetes, p^ Epiphanes, Nicephorus, vulgo Bala, ^ ^'

Ancient authors speak differently ment of the birth of Alexander I: the most common opinion is that he was the son of Antio- chus I V, & a concubine called Bala > fumom which was given to him by the vulgar, but that we cannot find any of your medals. The titles contained in those which have been published bliated until prefent, make those of Theopator, Evergetes; & we think that he took particular ment that of Theopator, to make people understand that he was the legitimate son of Antiochus IV, who had arrogated to himself the title of eEos;, God, like we observed it above. This efl fans doubt by the same reason, that following the example of his father, he had the third medal reported here struck, with the legend baziaeas aaesanapot Eni*ANOTs NiKHtopoT. There is every appearance that it is the first year of my reign, and which she made minted in the year 16 ^ of the reign of the Seleucids, after the battle in which Demetrius I lost my kingdom & life. The rarity of this me- stone unknown to antique dealers, & those

L

8a Collection of Medals.

===== of Antiochus IV who have the same title of Plate Nicephore, comes, as you have already said,

because they were only struck at Toccafion victories won, after which he no longer has been a question of mentioning this title as the coins.

The other medals of Alexandre Balay which are reported here, are not found in the compilation of Frœliçh.

The first silver, which has type one eagle with the rsp date in the field on the right & a trident on the left, appears to have been struck at Berytus, where Neptune was particularly revered.

The first two of plate Plates are also likely to have been struck in the same ^* city: the third which has an owl as its type, was in Laodicea of Syria, of which several stand-alone medals that have the same type; but we cannot judge from which city it is fourth, which represents on one side the head of Médujfe, in a singular way, and in the other side, flying Pegafe, infolite type in the medals of the kings of Syria. Father Frœlich in however reports one which has the type of Pegafe

steering wheel, with the head of Seleucus 1 1 on the other rating.

[r II^J>Mlapahrr.

tlaiiclu.IK.fagt^8i

VEitpatvT

»!•• f

O iX^CK- <

Collection of Medals, 83

Liebe & Father Frœlich attribute to Cleopatra, -j

wife of Alexandre Balay & later Pi-anche married to Demetrius II & Antiochus VII, Medals which, fans legend, represent on one side a veiled woman's head, & the other side a running bull, with dates of years marked fools the bull, & others scattered letters beyond. They believed that the head represented in these medals, resembles that which we see among others which contain the name of this queen; & they observed that it was that of these medals that they bring back, the years which are marked there, quadrangled to the time when she lived, counting these years of the Seleucid era. But among several me- all similar pieces, which we have in the flight of city medals, & which have diverged dates, there is one perfectly conferred ved with the year cks, which, from the era of the Seleucids, a 38-year-old veteran of the death of Cleopatra. Furthermore, we verified that all these strong medals reflect whole* rement to imperial & autonomous medals of the city of Aradus, both by their type, their form, & their manufacture, only by the head of woman which they represent, & by the letters

Lii

84 Collection of Medals,

r scattered in the field of the reverse, thefquelles Plate have not been explained until now: those ' which drive the bull crazy, mark fans diffi- culted the years when the medals were struck pees, fleeing the particular era of the city of Aradus, as well as in the medals imperial, & not fleeing Tere of the Seleucids, as Liebe & Father Frœlich claimed.

Haym attributed with more foundation to Cleopatra, wife of Alexander Bala, king of Syria, a medal which represents on one side a woman's head, covered with remains of an elephant, & on the other side the ornament of ship called acro/lolium, with the legend BAsiAsas AAE3ANAPOT. He lives with everyone reille in this collection: we referred it, as Haym did, to Cleopatra, woman by Alexandre Bala, because it is a factory Syrian, fans what could have been attributed to it also to Cleopatra, queen of Egypt, mother of Ptolemy IX, or to Alexander I, screw him name of which she reigned for several years. We observe as much as the head that sees this medal, completely resembles that of the medals of Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt; what should not appear extraordinary, since they

Collection of Medals » • 85

were sisters; & there is reason to think, that ■

one, in imitation of the other, was represented as P i- ^n c h e

with elephant skin coefïure. In connection,

the type of Xacrofiolium fur the medal in queir

tion, made it known that she had been struck in the

city of Aradus, which had adopted this symbol

particular.

DEMETRIUS n,Deiis,Philadelphu$,Nicator.

It is KNOWN that Demetrius 1 1 having been taken prisoner among the Parthians, had left there to grow a beard, and that he had had himself represented thus furfes coins on his return to Syria, which was the year 183 of the Seleucid era; However, once he was made to flee, or rather than the Monetaries of the cities where there is no hadn't been seen since my return, effent continued to represent him as he was before in captivity, we find several medals minted in the year 184, & even in the years 186& 187, where his head has a beard. This is what is particularly seen in the four silver medals reported here: they are not in the collection of Father Frœlich, neither than the fugitives. We ignore in

S6 Collection of Medals,

'which city was hit first, which is Plate the year 185, & which represents Antiochus with

a long beard; the monograms she contains, and which could define it, do not not well known. We don't see any beard head which is the second & the third medal struck in Tyre, one in the year i8d, & the other in the year 187. The fourth which was minted in 186 in Antioch, represents Antio- chus with a beard, like the first. 11 eft to observe that it is always representative the same goes for all the city medals of Antioch.

The fifth which is of bronze, as well as those who flee, has nothing in particular, (i it's not the way Diane's head is there figurative.

The fixieme, struck in Sidon, contains with the legend SI A AN os esAS, & the rnp date, of caraâeres Phoenicians that Mr. Abbot Bar-. thelemi, in his letter to the authors of the Journal of Scholars, considers it necessary to read Sidoniniy Abftradion made from the first character which is: an article, & he renders Sidonim by Sidoniorum; but they can also be read Sidiam; & they would fignify Sidon mater, or metropolis, title

x.

Collection of Medals, 87

that this city diluted that of Tyre, which

originally was a colony of Sidon. Board

The fifth medal is only remarkable because it dates from the year 187, which was the last of Demetrius. Father Froelich does not know only one from this year, which had was published by Liebe: we have already seen that the fe- silver count previously reported, efl of the same year.

The eighth, which has a female type standing in short coat, holding with right hand a long lit torch, which represents on the other side a man's head with hair want to hang, from a strip around shape of a diadem, appears to be the same as that that Father Frœlich brought from the cabinet of Theupolo, but who was not well conferred, following the description that was given.

The ninth is almost comparable to the first of those reported crazy Demetrius by Father Frcelich; but it seems that the head it represents is not that of this prince, as he thought.

The tenth, which has for legend only the letters ba, ah, ds, for standing fiacchus type with a beard & a long coat, holding

S8 Collection of Medals*

s the right hand a cup with handles, & the left hand- Board ^he an inclined thyrfe, from which ribbons hang,

represents on the other side a radiated head, which resembles Demetrius II less than Demetrius trius I. If this medal was placed here, it would be: that Vaillant reported mad Demetrius II, one almost the same, but which did not appear not well conferred, having taken the figure of Bacchus for that of Ifîs, & the thyr{è for a stick finished in the shape of a cross.

ANTIOCHUS VI, Epiphanes, Dionyfus.

Antiochus V I, son of Alexander ^

Plate ^was sent to Abas, a city in Arabia, for XI. being raised there during the war that my father had to support against Demetrius II. The Authors ancients report that, the year after the death of Alexander arriving on the i (J7* of the era of the Seleu- cides, Diodotus one of the Generals, who took flee the name of Tryphon, go and seek him to bring it to Syria, where the cities of Antio- che, of Apamea, & others revolted against Demetrius, recognized him, and established him king under the tutelage of Diodotus: this prince had no while four to five years. It's this year

IDeiu PhilaJdpfuu Xicabrr

I

II

"C>

/^

r.-A

KeCUEI L OF MEDALS. Sp

I d8, that the same authors count as the ===== reign of Antiochus VI began. Father Planche Froelich did not know any medals from this prince, that with the year 1 70. Vaillant brand in fon glory of the kings of Egypt, that he had seen one of the year i d8.

The first which is reported here, has for legend BAriAEûs antioxot Eni*ANOTs, with the year »bp, 1(^7; & for type, Jupiter afiîs, holding in his right hand a Viâ:oire, & the left hand fa hafte, or rather fon fcepter. This guy lets it be known that she was hit Antioch: it is undeniably ancient & good confervation.

We can object to this medal, that this date does not suit Antio chus VI, since he only began to reign in year id8; that the head represents appears much older than a child of four to five years, and that it does not reflect perfectly in line with what we see in others medals of Antiochus VI, which moreover

for legend, BASIAEOS antioxot Eni*ANOTS AIONTSOT i

instead of this not containing the title of A10NT20T, But it efl aifed to respond to these we object.

M

po Collection of Medals,

Diodotus was governor of Antioch at Jnort plate of Alexandre Bala in 1 67. He was very

V T

• natural that immediately afterwards, by recognition- iance towards Alexander, through views of am- vision that he manifested in the flight, he committed the inhabitants to recognize the young Antiochus for king, in place of his father; & what in con- sequence, they had medals struck or currencies in your name: this is what the Hiftorians will have neglected to observe like minor circumflances. They didn't even have to count, as they did, the beginning ment of the reign of Antiochus that of the year boasts, that he was brought back from Abas to Syria, & re- known for king by the other main cities of the kingdom. And this seems to confirm that that of Antioch recognized him immediately after the death of Alexander, it is that we finds no minted Demetrius medal in this city of the year 16 j y nor even iuivantes, until the return of my captivity to the Parthians; it is therefore that, from the year i d8, Demetrius treated the inhabitants of An- tioche, and wanting to defarm them in a federation which arose on this occasion, he made kill about a hundred thousand.

Collection of Medals, 91

The kings of Syria <& Egypt who reigned

from childhood, are usually represented as Planche their medals from an older age than they were not. On the one whose head appears of Antiochus appears to be of a young man of twelve to fifteen years: it hardly differs in this point of the head that we see in my other medals- them. As for the resemblance in the features of the liveliness, it is not surprising that there is some difference; this medal having been struck at a time when Antiochus was absent, & that apparently we did not have his portrait.

In view of the title of Epiphanes, which it late- ment given to the medal in question. we have already observed that the medals of each king do not always contain all titles which he took, or which were given to him. He does It may well also be that Diodotus would not have thought of first give him something other than the one of Epiphanes; & that when Antiochus had returned in Syria, the beauty of her face and features reifembling perhaps some figure of Bacchus as a child, made him give more that of Dionyjus,

The fertile medal containing the date esp, 1 6^, was unknown to Father Frœlich: there are

M ij

92 Collection of Medals.

===== another one in this collection, all the same, Plate containing the date op 170, which he reported.

These two medals were struck in Tripoli from Syria, like the guy from the Diofcures does know. We can gradually see what he says tpt words. & 2 ta. who are in the field on the reverse.

He claims that Antiochus V I reigned all at most two years completed; & he reproaches to the hiflorian Jofephe for having given him four years of reign. However, we find from Fez medals, as we have just marked, with the years 1^7,1^8, i ^p, & 1 70; what proves that he reigned for at least four years menced, & that Jofephe was justified in giving him this length of reign.

T RY P HO N , Autocrator.

No medals are reported here. of Tryphon, because all those of this collection have been published, and we do not know there are no others. They completely reflect rement by the head & by the legend & the type on the reverse. The slightest difference is hidden in the fymbols, which they contain, of the cities where

Collection of Medals, 93

they were hit. There is one though'

where we see the letters ask. who must figure out

proud the city of Afcalon. The hiflorium defies us

that this city abandoned the party of Démé-

trius II, in the year 1 58, to provide

to Antiochus VI; & it does not appear that she did

returned since the domination of Démé-

trius, this does not happen until after his return from home

the Parthians, he carried the war into Egypt. He

may therefore have been struck medals for

Tryphon at Afcalon, since he took possession of everything

the country that Antiochus VI conquered. It was in

the year 170 of the Seleucid era, which he

executed the intention he had formed to do

die this prince to reign in your place,

while Demetrius II reigned in a

another part of Syria, immersed in the molifefe

in debauchery, and contempt for his subjects. He

then changed its name,* & instead of that of

Diodotus which he carried, he took that of Tryphon,

to which the interpreters give different figni-

fications. Father Frœlich claims that he took

at the same time the title to ^Autocrator, with

that of a king. Vaillant, on his side, thinks that he

was named Autocrator from the time we

elected him guardian of young Antiochus. It's the fire

Board XI.

P4 Collection of Medals, of the kings of Syria who bore this title.

A NTIO CHUS VU, Evergetes, vulgo Sidetes.

Antiochus VII was son of Demetrius I, & brother of Demetrius II. They had been in- both seen at Cnidus by their father, the year 160 of the Seleucid era, to be there stealth, in case he came to fucumber in the war that Alexandre Baldy then made against him who in fact defeated him, and took possession of his kingdom. Alexander was defeated in turn by Demetrius 1 1; & let it reign, in the year 174, when he was made a prisoner among the Parthians, Antiochus Sidetes came in Syria, from the island of Rhodes where he had taken refuge, & he put himself in control of the kingdom by killing Cleopatra, wife of her brother, & by defeat & the death of Tryphon.

Haym having seen a medal which has for legend BAsiAEns antioxot, with the date bbp, 162, Se for type an anchor; & which represents on the other side a young head crowned with ivy; he claimed that this medal was of Antiochus Sidetes; & that she had been hit sword after the death of Demetrius his father.

Collection of Medals, 95

arrived the same year, by one of the ===!== cities of Syria, which, remaining attached to it, do not Planchi did not want to send it to Alexandre Ba/a, ' '

& recognized Demetrius 1 1, & Antiochus fon proud for legitimate heirs of the kingdom. For to support my feelings, he added that he was not not fans example, that two brothers had reigned together in Syria; as Demetrius & Antiochus were very united; & that it was in accordance of this intimate union between the two brothers, that Demetrius, from the beginning of his reign, had taken the title of Hiladelphe fur fes coins \ & that Antiochus made war on By teas to deliver him from captivity, & him to reestablish the trunk of your ancestors. The father Froelich adopted Haym's sentiment at this consideration; & accordingly, changing the order in which the kings of Syria, he put Antiochus Sldetes for the jGixth named after Antiochus; & Antiochus Dionyfus for the VIP.

We do not try to conform to this new arrangement in this collection; Well we have followed the method practiced by Vaillant & by other antique dealers.

The medals reported here do not

^6 Collection of Medals,

in the compilation of Father Frœlich. Plate The plant that can be seen in large numbers

of bronze medals, representing the other side the head of winged Cupid, was recognized, by most antique dealers, to be the /oius who finds the medals & others monuments of Egypt. Spanheim having seen this t)lante was a medal, which had for legend kommathnon, apenfé, that the one who eft represented in this medal & in those of An- tiochus Sidetes, was the herb called comma- embarrassment which Pline describes, and which he relates properties & virtues. We have a medal, in the flight of city medals, which with the legend camoc at , has the same type plant, quite similar to the one we finds fur the medals of Antiochus Sidetes, - Which could lead one to believe that it is indeed the herb called commagêne, which there represents ted: it was formerly Tuffage of the cities was to represent in their currencies the plants, fruits & other primary products cipales of the country where they were (located; that it is confirmed by history, that Antiochus Sidetes coming to recover the kingdom of his stolen brother by Tryphon, began to seize the

Syriac

Collection of Medals, 97

Upper Syria, of which Commagene is part, =^= & that we see some medals struck from Plate my advent, that is to say, the year 174,- which have the plant in question as their type; guy who cannot find any medal of the kings of Previous Syria. Father Frœlich judges that it is Cleopatra whom he married upon his arrival in Syria, who made him use the type of the lotus of Egypt fur (es currencies. But this opinion is all the less founded, since Cleopatra would have could also use the same type fur the fiennes, & fur those of Alexandre Bala & Demetrius II, two previous husbands. He It's more natural to think that it's because Commagene was the first province of Syria, which had received & recognized Antiochus Sidetes for king, which he had engraved as exchange the renowned herb of this pro- vince, & that they will therefore have been minted at Samofate^ which was the capital city.

ALEXANDER II, vulgô Zehina.

In the 184* year of the Seleu era- çides, the inhabitants of Antioch who were revolted against Demetrius II, fiant demanded

N

^8 Collection of Medals.

' to Ptolemy Phyfion, king of Egypt, another king

Plate who was of the race of the Seleucids, he sent them

Alexandre, named Zebina, whose naif^ origin & origin are reported differently by ancient authors. The Antiochians him connected attached until the year ipo, that being pursued by Antiochus VIII, he took refuge in Antioch; but, in the view of fe fauver in Greece, having wanted to remove the riches of temple of Jupiter, & among others the flatue of the Viâoire, which was of malîif gold, the people fe crowdva, to the point of wanting to slap me, to so strong that he was forced to flee.

The medals reported here are missing in the general collection of Father Frœlich. Both of silver, which have the dates of the year 1 8p, & from the year 190, are extremely rare. This author says that the affairs of this prince were fi strongly fell into decadence from the autumn of 188, that since that time we have not found none of your medals (*).

The most common ones we have of this prince, have the date of the year 184, which was the first mother of his reign. He has to observe that there are

(*) In the preface to the fruitful edition of the annals, he “brings an Alexander medal of the year 1^0.

Collection of Medals*

99

afïî of Demetrius 1 1, & of Antiochus V 1 1, =

iWBM«

with the same date of the year 184, It was in Pianch^ this year that Demetrius II returned from the Parthians; & it was the last of the reign of Antiochus VII.

There is in the compilation of Father Froelich, a medal similar to the third one here relates tee, except that in this one we see more fur the tripod an urn of a branch of each rating.

SELEUCUS V.

Vaillant has not won any medals of Seleucus V, eldest son of Demetrius 1 1, & of Cleopatra, who, after the death of her father, took the diadem, as legitimate heir of the kingdom; but my mother, who had the straw to reign herself, and who perhaps feared be that he does not punish her for having contributed to the death of his father, found a way to get away undo, before he had reigned a whole year. It is even claimed that she killed him with her near hands.

Father Froelich included in his compilation, fix medals from the cabinet of Theupolo, which we believes it could be from Seleucus V, except for the

N ij

lOo Collection of Medals,

s==== head that they represent, & that we judge to be

Plate that of Cleopatra.

^^* There are several in this collection which ref-

resemble the fertile & the third, described by Father Frœlich; but no one has been reported than one to Seleucus V, although he still lives doubtful that it belongs to him: the others were referred with more credibility to Seleucus I V. These medals are uncircled, & the head that they represent, does not resemble point to that which we see on the medals of Cleopatra.

ANTIOCHUS Wine, Epipkanei, vulgô Giypas.

! ; We easily recognize the medals

P^^NCHE which belong to Antiochus VIII, non- only by the title feul âiEpiphanes, & by the eras they contain for the most part part, but also by the traits of his liveliness, ïur-all by his aquilih nose, which had made him giving the furnom Grypus by the vulgar.

The medals reported here are missing in the compilation of Father Frœlich. There is no observations to be made as to what they contain nent > fi ce n’efl fur la penultimate, which has for

. fa ■ EpiphanalJ)imysM ■

PlaïuJaJl-Fa^e'loo-

^„hn^/u,J' r^- £>>>erpràur.

»:•»'.

^r

Collection of Medals, law

type Diana standing in chafTe clothing, with î=== a cross on the shoulders, holding in the hand Board right a hafte, or a long torch, & of ^ ' ^* the left hand a bow & two Heches > & for

legend aaoaikçhn ths icpas kai attonomot.

Haym reported a similar one, with the same legend; but as she was not well conferred, he took the figure of Diana for that of a man in military clothing, & he observed, like Father Frœlich, that it was the first medal he had seen Laodicea, with the title of Autonomous. We have some however several of this city, who have different types y with this same legend; & among others, a silver medallion which represents slot Jupiter aflîs, holding with right hand a Viâoire, & on the other side a head of curvy woman. On the other hand, we have not reported the last four as belonging to Antio- chus VIII, that because Haym & the father Frœlich awarded him a medal from Seleu- company which represents him, felon them, with the head ra- dieed. It appears, however, that the head of these don’t reflect well on him; & Cardinal Noris, who brought back one similar to those who have the legend, loxAieaN ran kai AAOAiKeaN^;

X02 Collection of Medals,

' ' ' I judged that the radiated head was that of the foleiL

XII. CLEOPATRA & ANTIOCHUS VllL

The FIRST MEDAL here relates tee, resembles, by the type of the eagle, that of which was published by Vaillant, but which did not was not struck in Sidon like this. Moreover, the link contains the date ;znp; & this one dates it a p.

The fertile one differs from that which the father Hardouin reported with the simple legend,

ANTIOXeaN TflN €N HTOACMAIAI, & datC dnP>

fans make mention of the depicted heads of the other side. We have medals of different types- ferents, which, with the same legend, contain- There are more like this » the titles of

lEFAS A2TA0T,

Among Cleopatra's other medals & of Antiochus VIII, there are several who have for type an owl. Vaillant & the father Frœlich found it extraordinary that this guy, specific to the city of Athens, was represented fur medals from Syria: they make us tired to look for the reason. They believed that Antiochus VIII had represented the

Collection of Medals, 103 nice fur fes monnoies, in memory of

the education which had been given to him in his Plate youth in Athens; but these antique dealers don't do ^^^* do not happen on this occasion, that the owl usually represented in the medals from the colonies of this city, in me- memory of their origin, as well as those of most of the cities which worshiped particular to Minerva. In reflection, the medals in question, were struck at Laodicea, of which we have several other independent medals with the same type.

ANTIOCHUS IX, Philopator, vulgo Cyiicenus.

All the medals of Antiochus IX, in the general opinion of Father FrœHch, contain the title of Philopator, The first reported here, has only the legend basiaexis ANTioxoT. The letter I, which we see in the field on the right beyond the monogram E > defines the year 200, of the Seleucid era. This letter appears there in its ancient form, apparently so that it could not be confused with the monogram which is above.

The fertile medal which contains the same

104 Collection of Medals.

: monogram, also not included in the com- Pt ANCHE pilation of Father Frœlich.

• Haym published a similar one in the third fith, in which Pallas is represented, holding an eagle in his right hand. It could be although it was a mistake on my part: Pallas holds a Viâoire in it.

The fourth represents Diana in her dress chafT, with a crescent on the shoulders, such that it appeared on the medals of Antio- chus VIII, struck at Laodicea, 6c of which he been mentioned above. This efl: fans foundation that Haym argued that Diane was an in- crazy about the medals from Syria: there are many, places where it is represented.

SELEUCUS VI, Epiphanes, Nicator,

r In the design that Vaillant gave

Plate of a medal of Seleucus V I, similar to the

• first two reported here, the letters which were in the field and found erased, fans that he talked about it. Most others antique dealers have known similar ones to the first reported here, where they read some vEisi^ other afeis, & other aaeai^&aaeah:

they

P&auA^ZÏÏ.^t^e'iû^

w

r

(

» m*'v

Collection of Medals, 105

They each gave different explanations. ferent. On this first very good medal Plate

• Y Shooting

conferred, there is aaeah. It seems at first that '

these make two laiîibda which make at the beginning- ment of this legend; but pofes near one of the other, as they do, we can, and we must even take them for an m: c efl: ainfi what is the letter m formed, in the medal of AAANNoc, Mannus, son of Abgare, king of Edeffe; in the word iaap, for imf, from a Latin medal of Gallienus, minted at Parium, & in several others. But whatever way we live aaeah, we cannot make these letters AAniard^^wr ahm«{, as Father Hardouin did; n^ APaj»», Eir, as Beger did. Stronger than ligni- fication of these letters reflects uncertain, especially more than the fertile medal contains in their place the monogram & > & all trailing them letters 2 h.

The third which has the type of a Vidoire, efl finguliere, & has not been known until now antique dealers. She got her fans doubted the opportunity of the glass that Seleucus VI replaced carried fur Antiochus IX, his uncle, who there lost his life. Perhaps it is from this vision that he took the title of Niccuor from his coins,

O

io6 Collection of Medals^

== Father Frœlich judged that he took him by example ^^xttt"^ & in memory of Demetrius II, my grandfather, who

had similarly taken the title of Nicator.

ANTIOCHUS Xy Eufehesy Philopator.

We observe the medals of An- tiochus fa head fur the ones efl fans beard > & in the others with beards.

The one reported here does not find it in the compilation of Father Frœlich. Valiant published one with the same type of Via: oire with the legend BA2IAEÛS antioxot etsebots, fans the title of ♦lAonATOpos, which efl in this here as in all the others.

“

ANTIOCHUS XI, Epiphanes, Philadeiphus,

Fr. Frcelicu only reports medal of Antiochus XI, with the type of Pallas standing, holding in his right hand a Vidtoire. There is one like this in this collection: we do not know of any other type. If he was not struck by any different for him, fans doubt because of the short duration of

Collection of Medals^ 107

my reign, which did not last a whole year. ■

Board

PHILIPPUSy Epiphanes, Philadelphus. ^^^^^

We only know a strong mis- Philippe dailles. They all make money, &represent Jupiter aflîs, holding a Vidloire. They appear to be of the same manufacture,* & this during the different monograms that they contain, seem to denote that they have been minted in different cities. The most many have the monogram PT > which is that of the city of Antioch > as it is see in that which is reported here. There are some in this collection ten others which do not differ than by the monograms which make in the field, & by the letters which make up the exergue.

Father Frœlich attributes to Philippe-Epiphanes- Philadelphus, bronze medals, which have on one side a radiated head, & on the other side a lightning bolt for type, with the simple legend BaziAEas «lAinnoT, in the middle of a crown; but other antique dealers refer with more of foundation, it seems, these strong medals to Philippe, father of Perfée, king of Macedonia.

O ij

io8 Kecveil of Medals»

Plate DEMETRIUS III, Deus, Philopator,

XIII.

Soter, PAi/ometor, Evergetes, Callinicus,

Vaillant, Father Frœlich, & all the other antique dealers have not experienced any mis- silver daggers of Demetrius III.

Nor did they realize that he had taken for medals of titles other than those of Philomeior, Evergetes, Callinicus»

They only gave him five years of reign at most, starting from the year 221, until the year 22^, of the Seleucid era.

They also did not know any medal of the kings of Syria, which marked eras since Antiochus IX, until Antiochus XIII, later deny king of this monarchy, except that of Demetrius III, published by Haym, of which he will be mentioned below. Father Frœlich in gives the reason that, during the long war quefe did Antiochus VIII & Antiochus IX, the towns which were given to them, and which had custom of marking their coins with the year where they had been struck fleeing the era of Seleucids, obtained their freedom from them, or They obtained it themselves by force,

Collection of Medals, 109

strong that they no longer minted coins === with names & heads of kings, & that in the era of the Board

“Y T T T

Seleucids of which they were formerly fervent, aiii. she created a new era, starting of the beginning of their freedom.

All this makes me find myself opposed by both medals which are reported here, one silver tetradragma, on the other of bronze; both of good confervation, & undoubtedly antiques.

They each have the legend bastiabas

AHM »TPIOT eSOT «lAOnATOPOS SATHPOS ^ while

that all those which have been published by Vail- lant, by P. Frœlich & others, & who do in this coUeâion, have the legend basiaeos

AHMHTPIOT «'IAOMHTOPOS ETEPrETOT KAAAINIKOT.

These different medals show that the kings of Syria took fur their coins from securities different, fleeing occasions & places where they were beaten. In the works which. make us distrust ancient writers, it is (î little said about the events that happened during the reign of Demetrius III, that we should not judge the reasons which made him take the different titles in question. There is only cause for prefiimation that it is in different cities that they have

iio Reci/eil of Medals,

been hit, except for the difference in their Manufactured board, of the types it contains. X 1 1 ^' The date is 1 8, which is found on the fertile

medal reported here, makes it known that the reign of Demetrius III had begun three years at least before he was judged.

This medal and the first also show that we had not entirely stopped in Syria from mark eras with the medals of kings who reigned after Antiochus VIII & An- tiochus I X, since one contains the date 218, & the other the date 224, We see from this same plate two of Tigranes, which contains- eras exist in the same way.

It is true, as Father Frœlich observed, that throughout the reigns of Antiochus VIII, & of Antiochus IX, & even before, what- some of the principal cities of Syria were released, and when they fled they were struck for coins fans name nor head of kings, fur which they usually took the title autonomous, & often marked with the dates of a new era; but he should not have inferred that they had stopped having them hit with names & heads of kings. Not just them have had some stolen from this strong > containing

Collection OF Medals, m

dates from the Seleucid era, but aufll with ■ dates from their own era. Besides the other boards

* • ^sr T T T

examples that I could produce, it -^^^^^ it will be enough to bring back a few that four- nites the very coUedtion of Father Frœlich.

The city of Tyre, according to him, had acquired freedom from the year 187; & yet she did fi-apper since medals with names Se heads of kings, and other autonomous medals with dates from the Seleucid era. Such foA^ the medal of Antiochus VIII, which he described with the year 206, & the autonomous medals of the same city ^ which bear the dates 22 1 & 222.

The city of Sidon had acquired its freedom the year born 202, & yet she made others strike from medals with names 6c heads of kings, which are dated from their own era. These make two medals that Father Frœlich has reported; one of Antiochus IX, with the year fifth of this city, falling in the year 207 from the Seleucid era; the other of Demetrius III, published in the Teforo Britannico, & fur which Maifon had judged that the head of this king was represented with the twenty-first year of the era of Sidon, falling in the year 222 of the Seleucids.

112 Collection of Medals,

■■ It repeats these observations, that the faculty

Board that free & autonomous cities had, to make

■ '• strike medals dated from the era which they

was clean, & with symbols & types individuals, did not prevent them from worrying about it aufïï hit sometimes with the name & the head kings to whom they were attached, or that they wanted to make themselves favorable by this. The same thing happened to the emperors Romans, of which we have many medals minted in free Greek cities, which ibnt dated the same years marked fur other independent medals from these cities.

As for other explanations, that the mis- daggers of Demetrius III, hereinbefore mentioned- born, can leave the Iron to unfire, we get over it to difTertation filled with curious research ^ fàvantes, which Father Belley read at the Aca- demic of inscriptions & belles lettres, on the subject of these medals.

ANTIOCHUS XII, Dionyfus, Epiphanes,

Philopator, Callinicus,

Vaillant had attributed to Antiochus XII, of the medals he fled recognized as belonging

Collection of Medals, 113

hold to Antiochus V I; & he reported to Antio-

chus XII, the one whose legend is BAsiAEns ^vVtt"^

ANTIOXOÏ 0EOr Eni*AKOTS NIKHtOPOT l Cn ÛUOi

Father Frœlich fled his feelings. But we has shown above that the medals which have this legend, certainly belong to Antiochus IV.

Those who are in this relationship with

the legend > BASIAEaS ANTIOXOT AIONTSOT £ni*ANOTS «lAonATOPOS KAAAINIKOT y SC which

resemble the first one reported by the father Froelich mad Antiochus XIII, do the same manufactures than those of previous kings, all different from the manufacture of kings' medals previous ones. Which means they are attributed here to Antiochus X 1 1, it is not only this strong factory, but still the title of Dionyjîus: the Historian Jofephe marks that he por-.

roof this furnom. It was the last of four son of Antiochus VIII; & therefore he was brother & contemporary of Antiochus XI, of Philip & Demetrius III, who, in addition to compliance in the manufacture of their medals, are represented there like him, with beard.

P

114 Collection of Medals» P^ANCHB TIGRANE, Deusy Magnus, RexRegum.

XIII.

After the death of Antiochus XI I> who after two years of reign or approximately, he was killed in a battle against the Arabs, the year 227 of the Seleucid era, the Syrians seeing that the kingdom was destroyed by international wars tines & continual of kings who spread it toient, resolurent almost of a common agreement, to give to a foreign king, fuck it domination of which they can live in peace & in stealth: they chose Tigranes, king of Armenia, whose medals are reported here. There is represented with the tiara > which is the ornament of head of which kings fervoit, by difference Parthians & Armenians, with some difference roaring in the shape of tiaras.

The first medal we see here does not differ- fertilizes only by the monogram; & this fruitful one is similar to that which Vaillant published.

The third, which appears to have been struck in Antioch, like the previous ones, did not, however, by no means the ordinary type of a woman having the head rounded, aflife fur rocks, holding the

Collection of Medals* Î15

right hand a palm branch. She has in

this medal the right hand extended, & holds Pi-anche

“V T T T

in the left hand a cornucopia. •

The fourth, unknown to antique dealers, as well as the previous one & the last two » eft remarkable, not only by the title of BAsiAEAs BAsiABAN, but heard by the date r a s. 7.^6 it contains. This date shows, as we have already observed against resentment from Father Frœlich, that there are medals of kings of Syria, dated from the Seleucid era, until the end of this monarchy. As for the title of BA2IAE02 BA2IAEON, Vaillant & Father Frœlich difent that Tigranes only took it after having fubjugué several little kings, & among others Antiochus again, when he was called to the throne of Syria, Vaillant issued a bronze medal > where the same title i found this way » AsiAEaii BAsiABas: TirpANOT. This medal appeared fufpeâe to a few antique dealers, unless the legend does not exist basiabos sAsiAEaN, felon ordinary ufage.

The fifth, which contains the title of eBor. not found in the collection of Fr. Frœlich with this title. He says well, reporting

pii

ii6 Collection of Medals.

a medal of the same type, that there are letters L A N c H E in the reverse field; but it does not explain

point in which they conflict: the medal was apparently poorly preserved.

The fixation, where we see, as in the pre- cedent, the title of ©eot, also contains that of BAsiAEas BAsiAEONy Jointly, &a for type a free horse. We do not find of the same type as no other medal of the last kings of Syria.

The seventh is one of the most unusual, both in relation to the title of mefaaot, that in relation sharing the legend, half of which is on the side of the head, & the other half on the back verse. We don't see the title of mefaaot, as - another medal from the kings of Syria, fi ce except that of Antiochus III, published by Haym, but whose legend is doubtful, thus that we have already noticed. We don't know more than another king's medal, where the le- gender is shared as it is in this one here: it is a medal of Cœantolus, king of Galatia, which will be reported hereafter;

X

lEpiphaned ÎTœati^r:

PhncfuJSBlFa^eJië

i*^i/iiw$bi.

DemariaJUI.

>^

* :i ç-l *

, »> .

Collection of medals. 117

ANTIOCHUS XIII, Epiphanes, Plate

Philopator, Callinicus. XIII.

The Romans having declared war to Tigrane, because he did not want them deliver Mithridates fon beaupere, who had re- taking refuge with him, LucuUus, general of the army Roman Empire, entered Armenia, defeated Ti- grane, & stripped him of the kingdom of Syria, in which he confirmed Antiochus XIII, son of Antiochus X, who had already introduced himself there, & had been received & recognized by several cities from Phoenicia. But five years later, it was the same stripped by Pompey, who reduced Syria to Roman province, having left him. growling the kingdom of Commagene.

Antique dealers share medals which must be attributed to Antiochus XIII. Some do not recognize any of him, although he reigned for more than five years; the others refer to it all those which contain- include the titles of Dionyfus, Epiphanes, Philo^ pator, Callinicus, Se those which do not contain that the last three titles, fans that of Ùionyjus. Finally, others attribute to Antto-

ii8 Collection of Medals.

'chus XII the medals containing the four

P'^NCHE titles together; & to Antiochus XIII, those * who only have the last three. We saw the sentiment of these in the pre-slot colledion, founded by Antiochus XII was, a felon of the Historian Jofèphe, named Dionyfus; & as the medals show- nating this title, represent it with a beard, just as my brothers are represented by the their ; instead of the majority of Celts who do not contain only the three other titles, representing split a head fans beard. Some reflections If the other women resemble each other entirely by form & by the manufacture: we observe however that among the four who are found in this coUeâion with the last three titles, & each one with a different type, there is one with of the beard: it has the type on the reverse, Jupiter aifîs, holding in his right hand a Viâoire, of same as the medal referred to Antiochus XII” containing all four titles. I Among these four medals, this one recalls

Pl ANCHE scope, which is missing in the compilation of XIV. p Frœiiçh^ £iig ^ for type a Vidoire:

Antiochus XIII won none which Ibit mentioned in Thifloire* But to Toc-

Collection of Medals, iip

cafion of the title of Callinicus which he had taken,!

Vaillant &leP. Froelich says that for him. Board it was to have won a terrible one, that to have ascended to the throne of your ancestors, in constraining the troops of Tigranes, who occupied were greedy for the kingdom, to abandon it to him.

KINGS OF COMMAGEN&

HER MUS.

There is no mention in the writings of elders of no king named Samus. M» Abbot Belley believed he could establish that the who caused the medal reported here to appear, was king of Commagene, and that he had really probably gave its name to the city of Samofate, capital of this kingdom. The diffler- tadon which he read on this subject at the Academy, contains a lot of research that has fervi to form your opinion in this regard. Mr. Boze, for his part, offered conjectures different concerning King Samus; & Mr. Abbot Barthélémy says that he reigned at Arfamofate.

120 Collection of Medals,

We can see what each other has Plate ^^ from the printed memoirs of the Academy 'royal inscriptions & beautiful letters.

The ?• Frœlich published a medal which the same legend as this one, with a head different, & a different type; but like she is not apparently well conferred, he believed that there was apsamot instead of samot. Ha recognized since that 2 a word was the real lesson; & it appears for the connection to have adhered to the fenti- ment of Father Belley.

The fleeing medals no longer belong certainly to the kings of Commagene; but to the exception of those which are referred to Antio- chus I V, last king of this monarchy, this only by clues and conjectures, that You can judge which of your predecessors, which bore the same name, must be attributed steamed up the other medals ranked among the in^ some.

ANTIOCHUS IV.

In addition to the two medals reported here, one with the legend sebasthnon, & the other with the legend atkaonon on their reverses, it

Collection of Medals, lat

There are fixed "others in this edition, which make '

judged to belong to Antiochus IV, & which have Plate been published by different antique dealers. Among ^^V. the latter found the known medal, which afor legend aakanaton.

There is in the Teforo Britannico, a diflertation of MafTon, filled with exact research, & judicious reflections on everything relating to kings of Commagene, in what remains to us works of ancient writers. 11 counts that since Antiochus XIII, last king of Syria, Commagene was governed successfully vement by four kings, until the year four- third of the reign of Vefpafién, which reduced it to Roman province; & he establishes with reason, that we can only attribute to the fourth, the me- daille which has the legend on the reverse aakanatan, & another published by Seguin, leP. Hardouin &Cardinal Noris, whose legend eflsAsiAissA lûTAna sebasthnan; because no other king de Commagene n poofed the places, where one & the other were struck; favoir, Lacahatide> small country of Cilicia, and the ifle of Sébafle, previously called £leufa.

On the first of the two medals here reported scopes, & which were not published until

Q

laa Collection of Medals, = prefect, Antiochus efl represented with a head

Young board; which makes it known that she was struck

shortly after Caligula gave him the island of Eleuîa, with part of the maritime coast Cilicia time.

The fertile medal whose legend is reverse aykaonûn, was not published either. The story tells us well that Caligula, Claudius, Nero & Vefpafien, had fuccefli- vely extended poâeilions & domination of Antiochus IV, in recognition of the help that he provided them with roof in the wars that they had to contend against the Parthians & against the Jews; but he makes no mention of the Lycaonia in the conceflions which were to him done. However, there is no reason to be upset. that he had poofed it, since the Romans had already given Lycaonia a long time ago & Cilicia to other kings; to have, to children from Ariarathes V, king of Cappadocia, & to Amyntas, king of Galatia. 11 it could well as well as in the part of Cilicia that Antiochus occupied, & which was inhabited by pirates, & worse fierce & barbaric peoples of different nations, number of which were those called ClitXy of which Tacitus mentions, somewhat

Collection of Mèvailles, 123

of Lycaonians $ was a refugee there, and he had been 'i

struck at home medals for Antioehus, Plate as he was struck by the Lacanates. ^*

Among the other medals in this collection, attributed to Antioehus!¥“there is one^ who with the simple legend BAriAeoj: antiûxot, of a side represents Minerva Samée., throwing right hand a javelin, Holding a shield left hand; on the other side, this £bnt two men on horseback fans legend. This medal was not known to antique dealers: it was xthe kings of Commagene, where Minejve is represented cracked: it belongs without doubt to Antioehus I V, compared to the type on the reverse, where the two eyes Epiphanes Se Callinicus are depicted in the image Diofcures, as well as medals particular characteristics of these principles.

I O T A P É.

We do not report here the medai^iâs of lotapé, who are in this collâion, because that they were published. Antique dealers have Besides, you talked about everything related to this Princess.

Qij

\

124 Collection of Medals^

EPIPHANES & CALLINICUS board.

»

We have no knowledge that the medals them reported here with the legend aakanatûk on the reverse, have been published.

The Armenian tiara represented by both first, confirms that Antiochus IV had pofTed part of Armenia, like Tacitus says it.

The guy, the two child's heads, poofed as two cornucopias in armchair, was taken bent in these medals, probably to the imitation of the medals of Emperor Claude, which have the same type.

The medals where Epiphanes & Callinicus make shown on horseback, seem to confirm what the hiflorian Jofèph reported per- formalities of these two princes, who refiiferent first of all to follow the orders given by Vefpafien to their father, to abandon his states, being accused of having entered into a conspiracy with the Parthians, & who fought against the Romans for a whole day with the most great value.

The last medal of this board,

Collection of Medals, 125

marked with a star, efl with another prefque =

entirely similar, from the number of those which ^^J^Î19^^ are ranked among the uncertain in this col- ledlion. M. tabbé Belley Ta reported in fa great diflertation on the medal of King Samus: & finding that the head which is represented there with an Armenian tiara, does not resemble any heads of the kings Antiochus who reigned in Syria, nor of Antiochus, kings of Commagene, of which we have not seen any medals until pre- fent, having, like this, the type of the lion pafTant, ordinary for the old medals of Samofate; he inferred that this king Antiochus was one of the successors of Samus, & prince of a dynasty established in this city, different of the Seleucid dynasty who reigned in Syria, & fled to Commagene. 11 a aufïï observed that the head of this medal efl too young to be able to be that of Antio- chus IV, who was at least 43 years old, when Nero gave him some cantons of the great Armenia. But fans claim nothing against my feelings for the former dynasty established in Samofate, nor deviate from the deference which eft fi justly due to my knowledge and my reading first, it is believed that the queflion medal

126 Collection of Medals* < could be referred to Antiochus IV, by the

Fugitant raison board.

The heads of the medals, recognized to be certainly from Antiochus IV, hardly reflect blantes, that nothing can be concluded; these medals were bricked fans doubt by unprofessional & poorly skilled craftsmen. The two who are covered with the tiara, do not look like period ; Among the other medals there are whose head appears much younger than that of a 43 year old man. It is completely natural, & more than probable, that Antiochus IV, who became poflefïeur of a part of Armenia, made mint coins in this capacity, Con- ably with fit head adorned with the tiara, which was the distinctive head ornament of the kings of Ar- menia. Last Supper can be only for this reason that the tiara was used to guy fur both children's medals reported here; & he has could well have been represented with this ornament fur medals struck at Samofàte with the ordinary guy of this city, since Tigrane It was the same, most of the medals having the ordinary type of the city of Antioch, where they were hit. Among the other medals of the kings of Com^

AdÙH^xai

£f>^4uaue andCaSaacus

•#

Vf.

f,

't*^r'

•r*«i

Collection of Medals, 117

magene, mifes among the uncertain, in caufè ■

of the diversity found in heads, there is ^h^^^^^ there are a few that represent heads k^éts" similar to those that MafTon judged be able to belong to Antiochus I, & to Antio- chus III, who die at an advanced age.

KING OF ARMENIA

A R T A 1^ A s D E.

X-“A MEDAL reported here could be '

attributed to Artavafde I of the name, fuccelTeur Plate of Artaxias his father in the kingdom of Armé- denies, & who having revolted against Antiochus the Great > seized this kingdom > & was there confirmed flight by the Romans.

But we judge that it must rather belong to Artavafde, son of Tigranes, king of Armenia, who died in the year 60 BCE, three years after being stripped of the kingdom of Syria by Pompey. Artavafde seized the one of Armenia upon the death of his father, in the absence

J2S Collection of Medals,

= of Tigrane my elder brother, who was then pri- Land board in Rome, where Pompey saw him sent for ^V* fervir of ornament to his triumph. It rained many wars to be waged during my reign, which was 3 3 years; but Marc-Antoine in that which he undertook against the Medes and the Parthians, having been accused of treason, had him arrested by furprife, & taken to Alexan- drie, to fervirt auffi to your triumph in this town, where he remained a prisoner until after the Adtium size. Cleopatra then had him cut the head which she sent to the king of Medes, of whom she hoped to receive help, by making her thus trusting Artavafde Ion enemy.

This prince was literate, as the Greek sees clearly, If he had even composed tragedies, & other works in this language. 11 don't see I am therefore surprised that he had it struck medals with Greek legends, & that he followed the example of his father in this. This is the part of him that we know/Fe until prefent. The type it contains, reported port fans doubt whatever victory he had won. As he seems confident that she eft of a king of Armenia, Father Frœlich became too advanced^ when > on the occasion of that of

AAINNirAO,

Collection of Medals, iip

AAiNNiTAo, attributed to Minnifarus, he foutained that none of them had been hit with keys. Greek gends for kings of Armenia, to ^^' the exception of Tigranes, king at the same time of Ar- Menia & Syria. This medal shows aufli that it was not well founded to claim that the kings of Armenia were not very powerful, & depended too much on the Romans & Parthians, for never being able to take the title of basi aeas

BASIAEaN«

S!

KINGS OF BACTRIANA.

DIODOTVS,

In the story that Bayer gave of the Greek kings of Badriane, he attributes to Diodotus a medal, of which a similar fe found in this collection, which has for legend aio aioy; but this legend, nor the type, nor the manufacturer, provides any information flashing dice to judge that she is teaching him definitely part of it.

130 Collection of Medals^

EUCRATIDES board.

XV.

That of Eucratides which is reported here, efl auflî roughly similar to another me- daille of the Cabinet of the Empress of Ruflie. In the description that Bayer gave of this me- daille, which he regarded as unique, the head that she represents, efl, felon him, of a man elderly; & beyond that he judges that it comes from Eucratides I of name, who was of a very advanced age when his son took away his empire with his life. He says although the guy confides in two riders Bac- three men running, holding each with one hand a pole, & on the other a branch of pal- mier; & that there are related letters on the reverse bP that he wants to form an era, by celebrating them parant; fçavoirnp, which mark the year 108. On a weak foundation, he imagined a era lived under the reigns of the kings of Baetria, which it gives the lift with the years that each , one of them reigned.

But the Czarina medal is good conferred, & it has been well described, this differs in several respects. The head it represents eft slit of a middle aged, younger man

Rbcveii of medals, 131

that old, & it must therefore appear!

hold to Eucratides II. The type it contains Board. on the other side, shows the Diofcuri on the horizon ^^* val with their ordinary caps, which Bayer has taken for tiaras of the country; & these hats do surmounted by stars that he did not observe. We see in the field, mad the horses, the ifr monogram which it is not possible to form a date, which presupposes that the bP linked letters which make up the medal of the Czarine only makes a pure monogram. On the other hand, Bayer's work contains a lot of research, & worth reading.

KINGS OF PARTHIA-

V AILLANT who gave the public the hif- tory of the kings of Syria & the kings of Egypt by the medals, had also worked on the hidoire kings of the Parthians; but this last work, which was printed, after my death, was not, for so to speak, only sketched; & there is no need to doubt that he would not have reformed it, and made it more exad, if he had published it himself. This is not

Rij

133 Collection of Medals.

■ that by conjedures, often light alTez, Plate that he attributes to most of these kings, the me- ^V. stones that he knows about, and which do not contain as the name of Arface with different titles, to the exception of a very small number who con- hold, some of eras, and others of particular names joined to that of Arface. What- antique dealers, among others Haym & P. Froe- lich, have since published some medals not included in the work of Vaillant, & have generally fled from their arrangement, to which we did not believe it was necessary to conform for the most of the medals contained in this collection ledion. We will explain the reasons, in particular of those reported here.

A R S A C E I.

This one which was not published until prefent, represents on one side the head of a man me of middle age, fans beard, covered with a simple miter surrounded by a diadem. On the other side, there is only for legend b as i had 2 AP2AK0Y; & for type, a man in clothes of the country with such a miter on the head, te- holding a reversed bow in his right hand, & alfis

Collection of Medals. 133

fur a type of basket, approximately as it ===== fiege calls Cortina, where Apollo efl afïïs Plate in the medals of the Kings of Syria: Cerès efl aufn afiîfe fur a similar basket in several medals.

The head fans beard, the fidelity of the le- genre & of the mitre, & the factory of the me- daille en queflion, provide the reasons which attributed to Arface I.

He was Satrap in Baariana, as well as Tiridates his brother, when the Greeks, who were in that country they revolted against Antiochus 1 1, King of Syria, who possessed it by virtue of the division that the successors of Alexander the Great were the states conquered by this Prince. The two brothers having retired to Agathocles, governor general of all the provinces which were beyond the Tigris, and this governor having wanted violence at Tiridates, they took the opportunity to crowd the Par- thes ; & fe difant descendants of*Artaxerxes an- old king of Perfè, who was previously called Arface, they urged the Parthians to recon- ours for king one of them, fçavoir, Arface who was the eldest; what happened, felon Vaillant, the year 3.^6 BCE ^ & this is the case

134 Collection of Medals,

year that he began the era of the Arfacides, Board & that he counts the dates that we see progressively

some of the medals he brought home.

It is likely that Arface, who killed An- tiochus II, was in this capacity dressed in the Greek, as are the other Greek fatrapes; & that he did not wear a beard any more than they did. If the succeeding kings all wore them, as it appears by their medals, it was apparently to distinguish itself from the Greeks, & to imitate the ancient kings of Perfe, defquels they pretended to defend themselves.

Arface, following the example of all fucceffeurs immediate of Alexander the Great, Içavoir, Anti- gone, Seleucus, Ptolemy, Lyfimachus & others tres, initially took only the title of BASIAEûI,• & this is what partly proves that this mis- daille cannot be of any of the other kings of Parthians, all of whom added different titles to that of a king. He is against all probability that he took all those who were found there medal that Vaillant attributes to him, with the Gende BASIAEAS BASIAEaN APSAKOY ETEPTETOT

Eni«ANOYs «lAEAAHNor, who belongs, flee- before appearances, to Mithridates III, as we will see it below.

XV.

Collection of Medals* 135

The miter that we see on the head of Arface I, = is also very simple: it concludes in an effect piece of hat with two ears or pendants, which cover part of the cheeks, & fall fur shoulders; it is of a form to be judged that it was less an adornment, than a coè'fïure winter, to guarantee cold weather. The ornaments ments of head or coëfFures, if one can fervir of this word for men, make different in the medals of fleeing kings. Some only have the diadem, the others have miters of different shapes, and others the tiara which was truly a festive and ceremonial adornment. We do not see how Vaillant was founded in saying, as he does, that Orodes, fourteenth king of the Parthians, was the first who carried wear the tiara or the miter, in imitation of the ancients kings of Perfe; since those who reigned from the beginning of the monarchy, afFed:oient to reflect on them, and they glorified being their descendants.

The manufacture of the medal also differs from the makes medals of fleeing kings. £lle eft much less grofliere; & the characters of the legend even make an affez shape beautiful. 11 it was easy to conceive that it would be remade in

1^6 Collection of Medals,

this country of Greek workers who, from time Plate of Alexander the Great, were employed at the ^^' coin manufacture in the main towns cipales, even the most distant. The medal of Eucratides, king of Baariana, previously reported scope, almost of the same manufacture: one & the other demonstrate that it is not in this time that the manufacture of those of the kings of Parthia was the most groffiere, like Haym brought it forward. It is precisely the opposite; this that he tried to notice when he cast his eyes fur the slightest leaks of medals of these kings; these medals are always degrading, way that the degradation in their manufacture can in some way serve as a rule for put away in the leaks, & roughly recognize in what time and what kings they have been hit. The same goes for medals kings of several other monarchies, part- particularly those of the kings of Syria, Se du Cimmerian Bolphorus, whose factory is best deceptive, or more wicked, treacherously as they were manufactured in more or less time 4^1 distant from the beginning of these monarchies.

ARSACE II.

Collection of Medals, 137

ARSACE IL TIRIDATE. Board

TiRiDATE took the name âiArface which bore his brother, to whom he succeeded, and all the kings there fucceffeurs were similarly called Arfàce, ainfx that the kings of Egypt were called Ptolemy; those of Pergamum, Philetarius, &c. His reign which lasted 37 years, was subject to vicissitudes; but finally he strengthened himself in his kingdom, gained a memorable battle against Seleucus 11, king of Syria, which he even made prisoner: he extended a lot far away your domination; as strong as my memory was no less venerated by the Par- thes, than that of Alexander the Great among the Macedonians, & that of Romulus among the Romans.

We believe we can award him the medal here reported, which does not appear to have been pu- bliated until prelent: it is by the reasons why- praises, that we refer it to him.

In comparison to the long legends that You see the medals of the other kings of Parthians, this one is short; & it's a mar- that it dates back to the early times of narchy.

S

138 Collection of Medals,

The title of mefaaoy which contains, does Board ^uffj know that it may belong to Ti-

ridate,' this title having been given to him, in the report of Arrian, after he had reduced the Macedo- mine who refuse to recognize him, and that he had thereby increased his power.

The position in which the figure on the reverse is affife, resembling the one we see as we see it Arface I medal: these are two fires medals known up to the prefect of kings of the Parthia where we find a similar trap. In all the others which have the same type, it is an ordinary chair.

According to Vaillant, this medal belonged to Mithridates II, to whom he attributes one whose head resembling this one, & which has very little plus the title of basiaeos basiahan. This anti- quaire says that Mithridates II was the first of kings of the Parthians who took the title of mefaaoy,* & that although this title had been given to Tiridates, it was not found in any of the medals.

ARSACE VL MITHRIDATE L

There are two medals in this collection which have on one side the legend basiaeûs basiaban

COLLECTION OF MEDAL LIES, I3p

METAAOY AP2AKOY Eni*ANOY2; & POUF TYPC UIL S

man afîs fur a chaife holding in his hand Plank right a reversed arc. The head they represent slit on the other side, efl the same in the two medals, except that one is only girded with a diadem, and that the other efl: cou- green of a tiara, with a flair in the middle. At again these heads reflect each other perfectly; they have a long beard ending in a point, & the nose large & raised in the middle in the shape of a boffe.

Which makes it judged that they belong to Mi- thridate I, this is the title of basiaeos BAsiAnaK^ that he believed his fans had the right to take, after having fubjugated several kings, & extended my empire as far as the Indies on one side, & juf- than at Fein Perfique on the other hand. 11 won then Demetrius Soter, king of Syria, and made him pri- landmine. His conquests & his glorious achievements had him assigned, as to Tiridates, the title of MEFAAOY, & moreover that of oeoy, which we fur sees a medal that Vaillant awards him.

It should not seem extraordinary that it it has been represented, in the ones with the (unholy diadem, & in the others with the tiara. The Parthian kings did not always have fans doubt the same coefFure. There is reason to believe

Sij

140 Collection of Medals,

= that they changed according to time & circumstances Confidence board; & that the tiara was, as he already

been observed, a ceremonial adornment. AufTi la do we always see them adorned with precious stones and other ornaments; & the medals where she represents tee, make the rarest. Vaillant believed, fans in say the reason, that Orodes had been the first who was made to represent with the tiara as the fiennes; & he attributed to Mithridates II a me- daille fans tiara, which is similar to the first of the two of this collâion which we refer to Mithridate L

ARSACE ru. PHRAHATE IL

There are also two metals in this collection. similar dailles, which, with the same type as the previous ones have the legend basiaeos

WErAAOT AP2AKOY ©EOnATOPOS NIKATOPOS ^ &

which, on the other side, represent a head with a long beard ending in a point, & fur this head a tiara in the middle of which we see a kind of horn.

Phrahates II, to whom these phenomena are attributed dailles, having succeeded to Mithridates his father, was at war with Antiochus JEvergeie,ioi of

Collection of Medals » 141

Syria, who entered his states with a powerful aunt

army, madmen pretext to deliver Demetrius fon Planche brother whom Phrahate was holding as a prisoner. He him However, he was released before the end of this war, which was ended by a common victory plette which he won against Antiochus, who lost life on this occasion, and whose army was re- due to a harsh fervor”

The title of eEonATOPospris by Phrahate II fur the two medals above, relates to this him from SE o Y taken by Mithridates I for a few some of yours.

The title of NiKATOPos is similarly related to the painted glass that he took from Antio- chus Evergete,

Vaillant who published a famous medal ble to these, attributed it to Orodes; but this which confirms that these medals must belong nir to Phrahate II, it is efl: that of Sanatrœce mad brother of whom he will speak below”

ARSACE IX. MITHRIDATE IL

\

We ATTRIBUTE to Mithridates II, three me- pieces of this collection, including two emblematic bles represent on one side - a covered head

142 Collection of Medals.

== of the tiara, with a short beard, & have for Y^**^ legend on the reverse basiae^s mefaaoy apsakoy

AYTOKPATOP02 «AOnATOPOS Eni#ANOY2 «lAEAAHNOS.

Haym, who published a similar one, wrote that he believed he could surely refer it to Mithridates II; because, fleeing the report of Juftin, he acquired the title of mbfaaoy, by ^qs great actions, and that confequently the one of AYT0KPAT0P02 he brooded in relation to the boost that your conquests gave to the Parthian empire; & that of ♦lAonATOPos, in relation to the vengeance he exercised against a Scythian nation which waged war against Artabanus my father, who in a battle he lost, received a wound from which he died. But in many of the facts that Haym reports concerning nant Mithridates II, it seems that he confuses him with Mithridates III. He says, among other things, that Mithridates II was lord of Orodes, while that, fleeing Valiant, it was Mithridates III who was lord of Orodes, both sons of Phrahates III, & not of Artaban, Valiant ob- fervent to the truth that Juftin, to whom Haym efl reported, also confuses these two Mithridates; & he shows at the same time, that between the reign of one and the other, there were three other kings, and a confiderable time interval.

Collection of Medals, 143 The third medal was only for him- ====

gende BASIAECS WErAAOy APSAKOY EYEPrETOY Eni«ANOTS BOARD

“lAEAAHNos. Whatever the titles ofATTOKPATOPos & of ♦lAonATOPos are not found there, com- I saw the first two, but we believed must attribute it to Mithridates II; because that the head which is represented there, reflects quite similar to the one we see in the other two: the difference in the legends should not there is no difficulty in this, since kings sometimes changed their titles as their currencies, as we already have observed.

These medals are here the first of those from which I find the title of “lAEAAHNor. He Yet it may well be that other kings have it already taken before Mithridates II. There was then a multitude of Greeks spread throughout the country conquered by Alexander the Great; & he was of the interest of the Parthian kings to spare them to maintain their domination, the states which they had first reduced to their obedience. Mithridates II had at least as much interest than any other, to regain those who had revolted against Phrahate II, & against Artaban your predeceivers. Phrahate had them extremely

144 Collection of Medals.

mistreated, for all those who suffered from Plate the army of Amiochus Evergete; & they come manage, by siding with the Scythians in a battle where he was killed, and where he was deeply connected army was completely defeated.

ARSACE XI, SANATRŒCE.

Sanatrœce, of which we report here medal, was son of Mithridates I, & brother of Phrahates II. He only reached the empire at the age of So years; because after Phrahate's death II, Artabanus reigned fucceflively, proud of Mithridates I; Mithridates II, son of Artabanus; & Mnafcire, son of Phrahate I. As the great Sanatrœce's age did not allow him to hold against the weight of royalty, he affTocia Phrahates III his son.

Ancient authors wrote his name several ways. Lucien calls it Sinatrockes; Phlegon, Sinatruces y Appien, Sintricus, Un au- Being Arface, king of Armenia, calls Sanotru- these by Dion; & Sanatruces by buidas. We read fur the medal brought back sanatpoik. This last last letter k, being precisely on the edge, the letters oy which were supposed to end the word, not

king

Collection of Medals, 145

roiffent point, the corner having been slightly distorted on this side4to. It would be good to hope that we plan discovered several medals from this fort, with the proper names that the kings bore of the Parthians, before reaching the empire. We could, by this means, form one leak more accurate & safer. Prefabric skirts we only know four others, which hold particular names; favoir, Gotan^s, Monnefis, & two Vologefis,

Vaillant published a medal of Sanatrœce with a head very similar to the one we see fur this one, but fans proper name, having for

legend BASIAEÛS: APSAKOT EniéANOYS eEonATOPOS

EYEprETOY. These two medals give rise to make fleeting observations.

Sanatrœce not having been represented there with the tiara, as Phrahate fon did brother fur les fiennes, it is proof that the tiara was a ceremonial and wedding adornment tation, of which Sanatrœce will not have had the opportunity to make use of during his reign, having not been able to re- counter the losses made by their predecessors, including the kingdom was almost destroyed by wars civil & foreign.

This Prince did not take the title of

T

y^

*\

146 Collection of Medals.

- BASIAE02 BAsiAEaN i parcc quc Ics kings of the states Plate that Tiridates & Mithridates I had fubjugated

& reduced by their empire, had then fallen traits of Parthian domination; what makes see that in the times when kings com- started to arrogate this title to themselves, they did not take it that as far as other kings were their tribu- silent & dependent on them. In the escape this does not was just a fancy title which was taken by a few kings whose States were limited, fans as there were would have others in their dependence.

If Sanatrœce did not take the title of • MEFAAOY, in the Vaillant medal, it is ap- apparently for the same reason. This medal de Vaillant, & that reported here, which con- hold different titles, also make known that the same king changed his coins fleeing the circumstances, & the situation where he I can see in the time that they were hit.

The title of oEonATOpos was too glorious for Sanatrœce & too independent of events ments, so that he did not always take it into account memory of Mithridates my father, as had ifeit Phrahate ion brother.

r

Collection of Medals^ 147

mMT

ARSACE XII, PHRAHATE III. "^^^^^^

Phrahates III is attributed a me- daille of this collection which has the legend

BASIAEOS BASIAEON ArSAKOY AIKAIOT ETEPTETOY

KAi «IAEAAHN02. From the reftc cUe relTemble by the type & by the manufacturer, with the previous medals teeth.

Phrahates III reigned for two years after the death of Sanatrœce my father, who died at the age of ^j years. His reign was subject to vicissitudes, & yet he made himself so powerful, in a way that Mithridates Eupator, king of Pontus, who was at war with the Romans, follicita fon allian« this, as we see by a letter that he sent to her wrote for this purpose, and which was conferred. Tigranes, king of Armenia, sought aufTi fon al- bond in the beginning. On the other hand, LucuUus, & fled Pompey, allied themselves with him; but Pompey having had reason to look at him as a fufpeâ of fidelity, & fe finding in state of no longer fearing him, fearing not to him do not give the title of king of kings to him writing; this prince took offense, and marked my repentance. He was killed by the frames

Tij

148 Collection of Medals,

of his two sons Mithridates III & Orodes, Plate What causes the medal in question to be awarded?

in Phrahate III, it is not only because that it is of the same construction as those of Sa- Natrœce & other previous kings, but in ^ core because we don't find any others where there is no head that resembles this one. It is observed that he was already old when he understood began to reign, and that he certainly took the title of baziaeos basiaeûn, since it is for- malifa because Pompey had failed to tell him give in fez letters. As for the title of mkaioy, we also notice that he always drives finon with a juftiee exadke, from ihoins with a lot of moderation & politics in all the parts of my life. But all this does not demonstrate with certainty that this medal faith of him, and that it cannot belong to some other king of Par teas.

The same goes for other silver medals. people of this coUedlion, the fquelles, by fleeing the example of Vaillant, have been attributed to Mithridates III, to Burdan, to Artabanus III, & to Vologefe II, but fans no brand fufïi- fan who knows well that they teach them part. That's why he won't do any

Collection of Medals, 149

made another mention here. We just did define the two medallions referred to Mithri- Plate date III, except for the names of the Macedo months- ^^' nothing they contain.

ARSACE XIII, MITHRIDATES III,

The month Gorpiaus was marked as the first medallion reported here: this medallion is of silver gent, & represents on one side the head of a man middle-aged me, with curly hair fym- metrically, & arranged by fluted loops in the form of a wig, & a arranged beard also artiftly, & finished in a point. From the au- On your side, the aflîs king, in a long coat, and his head surrounded by the diadem, receives a crown which was presented to him by Pallas standing, wearing the left hand an inclined haft.

The fruitful medallion, which is of bronze, may have formerly been covered with a silver leaf. The head which is represented there, eft quite similar to that of the medallion previous: there is only a difference in the legend & in the name of the month, which is ap- Anemijîus shovel,

Vaillant attributed to Arface I & Tiridate,

150 Collection of Medals, = medallions approximately comparable to these

Plate two; but they cannot suit them,

• as observed with regard to the first:

their manufacture, & the titles they contain,

let it be known that they are making a highlight pof

exterior.

From Phrahate III to Vologefe II, Vaillant brings home several medals kings, whose beard and hair are arranged in the same way; what was fans doubt fashion of time. He hardly had any other reason to attribute them to these different kings, that the slight differences found in the features vividness, & in legends. By comparing the head shown in the two medallions here reported, with the heads of the medals he has published, they must belong to Mithridates III, perhaps also Vonones I. But it is not it is not possible to establish anything certain in this regard; If they only make themselves remarkable by the names of the two Macedonian months that they contain.

ARSACE XXVIII, FOLOGESE III.

The date 453 > which is marked on the

Collection of Medals^ 151

low silver medallion which is reported here, made know who it belongs to. Vaillant was able to - Plate blié a èble with the date 451, but fans the name of any month.

Father Frœlich who collected all the known daggers which contain names of months Macedonians, had only seen them with the month Hyperberet

There are, in this version, other me- bronze daggers of Parthian kings, containing periods that we do not report here, because that almost similar ones have been published; favoir, from Chofroès with the date 374; of Vo- logefe II, with dates 423 & 435? ^ & d'Ar- taban IV, with the date 472,

152 Collection of Medals,

He refutes previous observations P t A N c H E make fur the medals of the Parthian kings of

this coUedtion, & for those which have been published bliated by the various antique dealers, that there are very few recognized as belonging surely to kings, to whom they are attributed; & that, consequently we are not yet in a state to form a confident and certain flight, nor to make a story exaggerated by these Kings by their medals. This will only happen when we can find a larger quantity, containing proper names, & different eras, eh as many as you can then better recognize to which king precisely each which one belongs, & in what time did undoubtedly began the era of the Arfacides: that which Vaillant believed he could fix for the year 33^ BC is not certain: P. Har- douin & other authors bring it back bi^ higher.

KINGS

XI. . ^tirta/nnw .

^ir-rncM XOT. uUMnJatcJ Hl

^nUMlXKniI. Falot^eMiin.

V s

\

• i

Collection of Medals, ijj

KINGS DOSRHOENE

Jrl A Y M published a medal almost female- ble to that which is reported here, which has not for legend on the reverse that aaannoc; & believing see an A, in the beginning of this word, & a A enfliite^ he read a a an no c. He judged that it could be the name of a leader of the people call Alans, who had formed an alliance with the Abgarian King, to defend himself against jointly against the incurfions of the Parthians.

Father Froelich on his side, melting away this medal published as unique by Haym > published another where he read basiasos aaanot. This medal represents a fans head beard, & on the reverse a standing figure, which he has prays for that of Ceres, holding a torch lit with one hand, & treading my dress the other hand. Convinced that these two medals belonged to a king of the Alans, he searched ché & reported everything that the Hiftorians have said of these peoples; ^ he concluded that »

V

Board XVI.

X54 Collection of Medals.

' although there is no mention anywhere that they If there were particular kings, it could well have been

that, in the time of Vdfpafien, they had had one who would be an ally, as Haym had penfé, to a king of Ofrhoene bearing the name of Abgare. But since then, in a published work laughing, he awarded the medal to an alleged king calls Batanus ^ of whom Livy mentions tion; & indeed it read baaano y. There is all appearance that the medal of Father Frœlich is poorly conferred. There are similar ones in this coUedlion, with the legend basiaeoz ftAAAAioY: we will report them at the end of this work with a few other unknowns. These medals make a completely different factory irete of that of the medals of the kings of Ofrhoene. These fans doubt the defedhiofity of that of Fr. Frœlich, who induced him to read aaanoy, & escape baaano y instead of baaaaioy; & c*eft except what made him judge that the figure of the evers was that of Ceres, instead of e/l that of a man walking in short clothes, holding in your hand a type of torch, or some other similar thing, and from the other hand two Javelins, so that we can see them as they key medals of £fpagnei

Collection of Medals* i^^ Fr. Wife who gave the public the catalog

of Bodley's medals, judged better of that Plate which was published by Haym. He said it was necessary ^ ^' read mannoc, & not aaanoc, the letter m is there* before poorly formed by the fault of the modern engraver netary. We have already observed, in Toccafion of a medal of Seleucus VI, king of Syria, which we knows other Greek & Latin ones, where this letter efl formed in the same way.

Wifè has also conjectured with foundation, that it is the head of Mannus, son of Abgarus, king of Ofrhoene from the time of Septimius Severus, who is represented on the reverse of that of his father fur the Haym medal; & relating to this occafion a paiTage of Jules Afirican, Se liûe of the kings of Edeâe contained in the written annals yours in Syriac by Dionyfius Telmarienfis, Se translated by Mr. AlTemani, he showed that the King Abgar of that time, had indeed a son calls Mannus, that he may help himself to his life before, & who reigned after him

Wife's conjuring finds confirmed by the prefect medal, all the better as it was brought from Syria with several others of Abgare, on the reverse of Septimius Severus, & that they make each other the same brick. He

VII

15^ Collection of Medals»

===== there is every reason to think that this king Abgare has done Plate representing his son's head on the reverse of the ^ • fienne following the example of the Roman emperors, & particularly of Septimius Severus, who has ufé the same for Caracalla & Geta. 11 is true that the word Tuûi used for Tm eft fans ex- lots of medals; but perhaps Abgare will have- he preferred this first term, as an ef pece of allusion & conformity with that of KAic employed for Ka.vap for the medals which represent the sons of the Roman emperors.

On the other hand, this singular medal is not unique. It only differs in its beautiful confer- vation, of that of the marshal's office d'Eftrées, who is today in the cabinet of the King, & which was published as having for legend pyonnoc ba... The confrontation of two medals made it recognized that we must read ilir that of King mannoc haic, as fur that which is here reported, which, therefore, completely brings down everything that was. written Read the so-called. kings due name: ^Alanus & de Ryonnus,

Most other kings medals. of Ofrhoene, having on their reverses heads of em- fathers, who are found in this collection >

Collection of Medals, 1^7

were published by different antiquarians. On 1

can see what they differ in their work ^Qs, & particularly Bayer, in fon hif- tory of the kings of Ofrhoene.

KINGS OF PALMYRA-

A o u T what Pollion, Vopifcus, Zozîme Se other ancient authors have reported concerning the family of Zenobia, & the events that happened damn my reign, it's so confused, Sl Çi filled with implausible & contradictory facts tories, which cannot be absolutely included. They differ, among other things, that she seized of Egypt & other states of the Roman Empire that it reduces my domination; what happens finds contradiction with regard to Egypt, or, if it there were some troubles and madness at that time uprisings, they were only momentary, since that we have a large number of medals from Gai- link, of Claude the Gothic, & of Aurélien, frap- times in Egypt, with the dates of all