Animal and Plant Images on Coins and Gems of Classical Antiquity — 1889

10. 12. 13. 14. Plate XXV, 149 Antique paste from the Berlin collection (Tölken III 759). The fleeing Daphne is transformed into a laurel tree. Probably based on a statue rian masterpieces. From the former Stosch collection. Sardonyx from the Berlin collection (Tölken II 1264). Nemesis standing, with large wings, holds an ash leaf in his left hand; with the right hand she makes the familiar gesture, folds the robe in front of her chest, pulls it open- forward and looks into her breasts with a serious look. Once in the Stoschische Collection. Similar Berlin collection Tölken III 1261. 1266. Lippert Dactyliotheque I 714. King, to Horace of Munro 398 believes that the Ash was given to the goddess of retribution because of the spears that were given to them made from their tribe. By the way, it should be noted that Bubastis, the Egyptian Nemesis, depicted with the ash leaf in her left hand: Berlin paste Tölken I 80. Royal Carnelian Museum in Copenhagen. Date palm with one un- relatively large date fruit branches on the right and left. Attached Bert. Brown-yellow paste from the von Lannaschen collection in Prague. palm tree with peculiar trunk and a date branch on the right and left. Also There is a basket on both sides from which a snake emerges. rings. Once owned by Bartholdy in Rome. White striped carnelian from the Berlin collection (Tölken I 178). In front of one Palm tree with a spherical base, formed like the 'Tree of Life Hom' A naked Persian with a tiara on his head stands. In in his left hand he holds a crook, He holds his right hand high up; he appears to speak seriously or solemnly; no doubt he is saying a prayer. Raw oriental. From the former Stosch collection. Lapis lazuli from the Berlin collection. Fruit (pomegranate?) with two buds. Brown paste from the von Lannaschen collection in Prague. Oak branch of Quercus coceifera L. with acorns and holly leaves. Rare depiction. From the former Bartholdy collection in Rome. Carnelian from the Berlin Collection 4104. ivy leaf; on the left the letter T. Unfortunately the piece was turned upside down when photographed. Carnelian from the Museum in Palermo. Venus resting under a myrtle tree; around them around three cupids, one fanning while another plays the lyre. Antique paste from the Berlin collection (Tölken Ill 763). Marsyas to the Tyed to pine. Once in the Stosch collection. Paste from the Berlin Collection 4093. olive tree; a staff on the right and left, which is stuck crookedly in the ground. The bars are perhaps intended as a protective device for the olive tree indicate; There were landscapes where state routes for the preservation of the olive trees was ensured. Dark purple paste from the von Lannaschen collection. The Hesperides tree of entwined with the snake. You notice several apples or

150 16. 17: 18. 19. 20. 21. VD N) 23. 24. Plate XXV. Quinces. According to Pausanias, Theocles was already in the Hesperides group the snake is depicted surrounding the cedar apple tree. Carnelian the Berlin collection (Tölken VIII 80). donkey's head, screaming, with a bell on his neck; above his vertebrae a poppy head; on the nose a sparrow; Ear of barley below. Yellow paste from the von Lannaschen collection in Prague. Sheaf of grain, am Ground straw. Carnelian from the possession of Baron Stosch, according to Lippert's Dactyliothek II 1070. Singeikade lying on his back on a plane tree leaf, from Platanus orientalis (thistle leaf according to Lippert). Royal Carnelian Museum in Copenhagen. Carpet sheet, on which one Cicada sits. Paste from the Berlin Collection 4100. Vine leaf. Paste from the Berlin Collection (Tölken III 627). Cupids at the grape harvest. A bee flies against a grape, a butterfly flutters on the other On the side, a rabbit sits at the bottom of the tree and nibbles on the things it has picked Grapes. Very nice composition full of variety and humor, if The perspective and size ratios are also inadequate. once in the Stoschian collection. Opaque black paste from the von Lannaschen collection in Prague. Abbreviated and reduced version of the previous number. Likewise right pretty. Once owned by Bartholdy in Rome. Amethyst from the Berlin collection (Tölken III 620). Cupid from an over- picking grapes from a hanging vine and placing them in a basket. Cute. Once in the Stosch collection. Red jasper from the Berlin collection (Tölken III 622). Two cupids one emptying fruit tree; one climbs the ladder, the other stretches it Hands up to catch the falling fruit. Once owned by the . Baron Stosch. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. Cross-striped sardonyx from the Berlin collection (Tölken III 917). One Woman in long robe appears to be carrying a flower pot. (Tölken thinks to a vessel with flames.) From the old Brandenburg collection. Striped sardonyx from the Berlin collection (Tölken I 158). Allium moly (after welcome). From the possession of Baron Stosch. Sardonyx from the Berlin Collection 4096a. Nareisse., Fabulous animals and hybrid creatures. Plasma from the Lewis collection in Cambridge. One with embezzled Füfsen resting Centaur friendly hugs one next to and behind him seated bearded man. He holds a large one with his left arm Tankard. A thyrsus peeks out from behind both. Line binding. Pretty. Jasper owned by Imhoof. The heavenly Capricorn, Capriecornus, with Cornucopia, oar, rod and star. The Capricornus was horoscope of

30. 31. 32. 39. 54. 39. 36. Plate XXV. 194 Emperor Augustus, therefore a symbol of happiness and rule, can be found defs- because of countless times on gems from the imperial period. With cornucopia e.g. b. also Berlin Tölken III 1442-1444. Nieolo of the British Museum. Fight between a lion and a shield and sword-wielding centaurs. Same subject on the Achatonyx Berlin collection (Tölken IV 177). Ovid. met. XII 429. See also Stephani C.R. 1867 8. 113. Black jasper from the Lewis collection in Cambridge. Soc. Abraxas gem for magical purposes. A composite figure made from a donkey's head, middle body of a human warrior armed with a sword and shield and snake feet, those in spearheads expire. All around the book staff AAJPI. The donkey head actually belongs to the Typhon. A whole Similar donkey-headed and snake-footed demon with armor and shield and dagger on a hematite from the Waterton collection, shown by King, handbook of engraved gems plate on p. 97 Fig. 7. Our Abraxas gems is unusually finely crafted, therefore probably from one of the first Christian centuries. Red Jasper from the Lewis Collection in Cambridge. Abraxas, with rooster head and snakes instead of the fill, in the right hand a whip, in the Left holding a shield. The shield says Iao, under the figure is the sign EB. 'Iao', 'Ahbrasax', 'Sabaoth' etc. are the usual ones Inscriptions on these Gnostic talismans. Often one is intentional unpronounceable series of letters cut into the unexplained speakable name of the highest being should. Very similar Abraxas gems with armor, shield, whip, rooster head, snake stuffing at King a.a.0. Fig. 1. 3. 4. 5. See the Berlin Abraxasgemmen Tölken IX 114-117. 126. Parisian gems at Chabouillet p. 282ff. matter, histoire eritique du gnostieisme, volume supplömentaire. The letters of the word Abrasax taken as numerals result in the sum 365, i.e the days of the year. Steatite from the British Museum. A centaur with a horse's body and strange things Braid of hair, stretching out both arms and turning the head back. Raw archaic. Chalcedony from the British Museum. The Centaur Nessos in a very ancient way Wisely formed, consisting of a whole human being and the person attached to it The grown hind half of a horse holds the stolen Deianeira in the Poor and caress her. Stiff archaic style but timely work. Line binding. From the Castellani collection. In woodcut in Munros Horace 8. 192. Centaurs with complete human bodies also on the Munich vases 151, 380, 957 and others. Jasper from the British Museum. Hercules hits the counter with his club three-headed Cerberus jumping at him. There are two trees. Barbarically raw. Carnelian from the Berlin collection (Tölken II 24). Three-headed dog, Cer- berus. He turns the three heads that have grown together at the neck to the patient.

37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45, Plate XXV. shudder. Buttons at the joints, foot ends, head ends. Archaic. From the former Stosch collection. Steatite from the British Museum 25. Very ancient walking chimera, standing from a lion with its mouth open and one raised Forefeet and from the front part of an ibex, which is in the middle of the back has grown seems. Particularly interesting is that. huge Capricorn horn. Probably from Crete. The other side of the stone shows two Pegasus foreparts joined antipodally (our plate XXVI 14): the artist's intention to depict the Chimera can therefore not be doubted. Both sides are shown at Milchhöfer, An- catches of art 8.81. See Keller, Animals of Classical Antiquity 337 note, 58a. Banded agate from the British Museum. Lion with goat horns and goat-like Jibe. Some kind of chimera? Whether the tail ends in a snake's head, cannot be seen clearly. See Keller a. a. O. Note 58. Carnelian from the Vienna Collection 1073. Chimera breathing flames. The drawing The shape of the legs is reminiscent of archaic style. Crystal Scaraboid of the British Mus. Chimera, with the inscription XAIPE, of which the The left part of the X is destroyed. The mane hair of the lion's head show archaic Stiffness. Compare the Etruscan carnelian scarab in St. Petersburg: Chimera, crouched to jump, charcoal burner, gemology 182191: ri Sard of the British Museum. Bellerophon in the sky riding Pegasus and aiming his lance at the Chimera running on the earth. The middle goat-like part of the latter is entirely unsuccessful. Carnelian from the Berlin collection (Tölken III 1082). Bearded dolphin human face. Raw archaic with buttons. From the former Stoschische Collection. The Munich gem 478 is similar. See also the Berliners Paste: Tölken 1083. Allusion to those transformed into dolphins by Bacchus Tyrrhenian pirates. Paste from the Berlin Collection (Tölken I 196). Two unicorns at seven arm candlestick that stands on a large heart-shaped water jug, a common hieroglyph of the land of Egypt. Raw. Jewish-Egyptian. From the former Stosch collection. Rock crystal from the British Museum 72. Two with their backs against each other swept upright sitting (or lying?) ungulates; between both tree. Buttons instead of eyes etc. w. Very old fashioned, clumsy and unclear. Unicorns? Steatite from the British Museum 82. Heracles in his leather case, his quiver on the back, fights against the “sea old man”, ötoc yepwv, who is called a fish is depicted with a human head. Also two dolphins. Very raw age- proper. Information about the highly enigmatic work of art is provided parallel bronze relief with an inscription from Olympia. Both images are given side by side in Milchhöfer's beginnings of art 8. 185. Text and another image of the gem 8. 84. | |

Plate XXV. 153 46. Chalcedony from the Paris collection 1293, 2. Extremely crudely made winged Bull with a huge bearded human head, walking to the right. — Ge- winged bull with a human head also on the oriental cones Paris collection 978 (next to the holy tree Hom) and 1293. 47. Agate carnelian from the Paris collection 1145, 2. Winged lion, raw, like it appears to be sitting on the ground. The Paris collection is particularly rich Gems with winged lions: 1036. 1037. 1038. 1071. 1072. 1085. 1086. 1087. 1308. 2673—2684. Berlin also has a number of pieces (archaeological period. 1879 8:106. 1880. 8. 39). 48. Sardonyx of the British Museum. Winged lion running. Below him one eight-fingered scorpion. Very fine and beautiful. The motif comes from Assyria, where the winged lion is the regular attribute of Nergal, the god of war, was. It means the union of the greatest strength and vigor. 49. Sard of the British Museum. Winged and horned lioness, jumping. Very pretty. Quite the same object, but crouched, ready to jump armed position, on an agate from the Beverley collection, in woodcut in Horace by Munro $. 75. Similar to a Berlin chalcedony agate Tölken II 78, also a sardonyx in Berlin Tölken IV 422. 50. Sard of the British Museum. Winged pig crouching. Finely done. Ge- also winged pigs on the Berlin pastes Tölken IH 272-274. The Front part of a winged boar on a scarab from Mytilene, archaeol. Time. 1879 p. 106. It was the coat of arms of Klazomenai. For oriental Invention speaks of the combination of lion and winged boar, Stephani C.R. 1864 8. 178. 51. Sard of the British Museum. Battle between griffin and giant. Excellent ones Work, unfortunately a bit spoiled on the left. 52. Sardonyx cameo with the inscription AOHNIQN, now to Naples. Jupiter the giants overwhelming. The god holds the scepter in his left hand and reaches out with his right hand to throw the lightning bolts; the two yokes horses charge straight ahead, but the horses next to them rear up; Two snake-footed giants are rolling around on the ground: one is lying struck down dead, the other makes another attempt to find his way his torch to defend. The whole thing is wonderfully invented and led. Note in particular those of the Pergamene sculptures reminiscent snakeheads on the faces of the monsters. Also the horses are masterful: in the Athenian pomp the horses were brought artificially to trees, because this is a magnificent sight, Xenophon horsemanship 11.1; cf. Diogenes Laert. VI7. Also Furtwängler in the year of German archaeol. Institute III 1888 is the consistency of the style of the Gemme with the Pergamene reliefs was noticed and he slept from it P. 216 actually states that Athenion worked at the Pergamene court. ! 53. Sard of the British Museum 1232. One in battle (against Jupiter, of course) Conceived giant, in his right hand a staff or spear, in his left holding a lion skin. His hands appear to have some kind of metal capsules “Imhoof and Keller, animal and plant pictures. 20

54. 55. 58. 60. 61. 63. Plate XXV. (gloves) to be protected. Very nicely executed, but of doubtful authentic authenticity. Caption AIOC. From the Blacas collection. Variant after that an antique paste into the impr. gems. I 63 = Horace von Munro 109 = Catalog of gems 1231 Plate H. Second, but very different- like variant Catalog of gems 553 Tafel F.L. Our gem is, among other things: through the hand shields and by the inscription of Dios, which they correspond to to the famous stone cutter Dioscorides is suspicious. Carnelian according to Lippert's Dactyliothek I 76. Glaucus, one in his right hand Swinging a harpoon, holding an oar in his left hand. Down in front of him Two dolphins swim, which he seems to be hunting. Golden Sard from the Lewis Collection in Cambridge. Fishman with Helmet, holding a trophy in the right, a dolphin in the left. The hybrid creature has the front body of a man, the forewings one Horse, belly and tail and pelvic fins of a fish. From Glaucus It differs significantly in the horse's forefeet See Plate XIII 38. Nice work. Steatite from the British Museum 86. Very ancient griffin, looking backwards. Agate from the British Museum. Sitting griffin with scorpion tail. Above crescent moon. The winged sphinx with a scorpion tail is probably similar on the Paris agate-chalcedony 910. Scorpio and the Moon are together each other on the jasper near Lippert, Daktyliothek II 1068 Sard of the British Museum. Unwinged griffin and snake fight one- another in a forest indicated by a tree. The griffin is a symbol Apollos. The winged serpent is quite different in position and shape. combative Grab on the Paris Achatonyx cameo 16, pictured at Müller, D.a. K. I 40, 174. An unwinged griffin on the Paris Agate onyx intaglio 1163. Black Jasper from the Lewis Collection. A female griffin keeps up the forefeet a wheel. Transcription ZWCITHC. Small but fair pretty. The Egyptians considered the griffin to be a hieroglyphic symbol highest speed: this means that the symbol of the wheel, which originally was originally a sun symbol, but later, as with Nemesis = Adrasteia, has become a sign of speed. Heliotrope the Vienna collection 1074. The same object, without writing. Also: Berlin gems Tölken III 1274. 1275. Braunweiler Sardonyx from the Berlin collection (Tölken IV 420). A griffin you tear apart a fallow deer, the he ambushed from behind has. Pretty piece. The symbolism means the victory of light over darkness. Keller, animals of classical antiquity 76. 350. . Paste from the British Museum. Same object, just on the other side there. Likewise pretty worked. Compare the Achatonyx at Lippert, Dactyliothek II 1022 and the carnelian at Tölken IV 419. Red Jasper from the Lewis Collection in Cambridge. Gryllus: winged Mule with cock's feet, bearded mask on the chest and elephant head

64. Plate XXVI, 155 as a rump; He holds a palm branch with one foot. — The Elephant Head is often used for symplegms: Berlin Tölken Collection VII 362. VIII 29-33. Lippert, Daktyliothek II 988. 989. Repeatedly then stops the elephant trunk the palm branch. A Gryllus with an elephant trunk, from Amor ridden on the Stoschisches Jasper Berlin Tölken IIT 654. Red jasper from Beirut owned by F. Goldschmid in Marseille. Gryllus: Rooster with donkey head and neck, a bearded mask on the chest. Rear protrudes the Mereur's staff. — Rooster with a bridled donkey's head: Ber- liner carnelian Tölken VIII 265, once Stoschisch. Another mule gryllus with bearded mask and rooster fur (with ram's head instead of the rump) is illustrated in King, natural history of gems p. 202 after a sard; King interprets the gem astrologically. Plate XXVl. 1=353b. Sirens. The accommodation the gem hangs at this point together with that, because we initially thought of harpies. Harpies and Sirens are often difficult to tell apart. Cf. King to Horace by Munro 399, concerning the Sard scarab in the Impronte Gemmarie III 40. Green jasper from the Lewis collection in Cambridge. Harpy: two Bird bodies have grown together into a human head. This one is en face and has a kind of crown with a cross on it. In heraldry is Harpy an eagle with the crowned bust a virgin. So there is also Sphinxes with double animal body and simple human heads, see a sard with such a representation in King, handbook of the engraved according to the plate on p. 361 Fig. 29. Sard of the British Museum. hippocamp. Finely done. Sard of the British Museum. hippocamp. Excellent. Sard of the British Museum. Hippocampus with raised fish tail above floating in very calm (horizontal) sea waves. One below Crab, a star at the top. — Seahorse and star on the chest of Perseus: Paris carnelian 1382. Carnelian “in the Treasure of the Farnese” according to Lippert’s Dactyliothek 180. Hippocamp. Sardonyx from the Munich Collection 86. Hippocampe, behind him a fish fork, under him a ball. From the Steiglehner collection. Red jasper from the Kassel collection 1 82. Cupid with whip on riding a bridled hippocamp. Compare his riding on the dolphin: plate XX 22-27; By the way, he often rides a seahorse: Lipperts Dactyliothek I 779. 780. 781. Berlin Collection Tölken III 547 — 553. Paris cameo 48. Sard of the British Museum. A woman with a tank or something in her right hand Apparently holding a helmet, riding sideways on a stately hippocamp: without 20*

156 10. 14: 13. 14. Plate XXV1 Doubtless it is Thetis who brings the armor to Achilles. This is how Thetis rides also on the dolphin, cf. Keller, Animals of Classical Antiquity 222. Thetis on the seahorse with the shield intended for Achilles: Parisian gems 1699. 1700. Berlin Carnelian Tölken IV 269. 270. Sard of the British Museum. Poseidon with the trident and one as a sail bloated robe on a hippocampal pair through the stormy mix sea sailing. In the waves you can see the heads of two dolphins and a mussel. Very lively. Similarly, the Berliners once had Stoschische Paste Tölken III 173: Poseidon with puffed-up robe on one Hippocampal team driving; two dolphin heads look out of the waves out. There are two dolphin heads to describe and enliven the sea not uncommon, including one on the Berlin Sardonyx Tölken II 93 Triton. Poseidon's chariot pulled by two wild water horses is also on the Berlin paste Tölken III 172 and on the Sardonyx Tölken III 174. About the dolphin at Poseidon see Keller, Animals of Classical Antiquity 218. 221. 417. Compare also the one with a pair of dolphins traveling Poseidon Plate XX 30. ' Amethyst from the possession of Lorenzo Medieis, according to Lippert's Dactyliothek I 69. Aphrodite Euploia, Amphitrite or another sea goddess with a as Sail billowing veil riding sideways on a hippocamp. Behind and next to this mount swims a second hippocamp. Before Eros flutters in the waves between the two seahorses to fill the goddess a dolphin appears. Quite excellent, but the cast was too The foundations are too dull. About the dolphin at Amphitrite see Keller, Animals of Classical Antiquity 221. 422. 426; at Venus ibid 222. Aphrodite Euploia very similar on the hippocamp after a sard of the Duke of Luynes see woodcut in Munro, Horace p. 50. Further Amphitrite on the seahorse: Berlin Tölken Collection III 176-178. Sard of the British Museum. Hercules, fighting the seven-headed hydra. The hydra wraps itself around the hero's left leg and looks for him in the left Page to bite. But he grabbed the snake's head and pulled it out his throat tightened; with his right arm he brings a club knock it out against the right side, where the six remaining heads of the Threatening Hydra. Excellent work of the best style, probably after a famous ancient statuary work of art. Carnelian from the Berlin collection (Tölken IV 68). The same with very un- interpretative deviations, but in a cruder form, to the archaizing Etruscan Art of reminiscent execution. From the former Stosch collection. Another variation is depicted in woodcut in Horace by Munro p. 105. Furthermore, see Lippert's Dactyliothek I 574 (Chalcedon). Parisian Carnelians 1766. 1767. Berlin carnelian Tölken IV 67. Achatonyx ibid IV 69. On the last-mentioned stone the Hydra does not have seven, but ten heads. Steatite from the British Museum. Two Pegasus front halves together antipodally set. Very old-fashioned. Soc. Island stone style. Other side of the on

15. 16. 11. 18. 19. 20. 21. Plate XXV1. 157 Plate XXV No. 37 phototyped gem. Discussed and illustrated at Milehhöfer, Beginnings of Art 8. 81. Band agate from Lacedaemon based on an impression from Athens. Jumping Pe- gasus of the same antiquity, clumsy but less crude. Line binding. You can recognize the same breed of horse as e.g. B. Plate XVI 66. About winged horses on very old cameos see Milchhöfer, beginnings of art 58 ff. 178. The idea comes from Assyria, see Curtius, use of arms 117. Agate owned by Arthur Evans in Oxford. Bellerophon the Pegasus letting him drink, who has just reached the previously unknown source of Hippo with his foot. krene or Peirene opened. Classy style. Found near Taranto. A va- ration, completely similar, only with a number of additions, is shown in Horace of Munro 8. 115 after a sard from the Marlborough collection. The The inscription on this variant is certainly fake, and probably the whole one too Scene, which is treated strikingly like a painting. Carnelian from the Berlin collection (Tölken IV 213). Pegasus, from which only the front half is visible, wants to drink from a spring that he has just reached opened with the foot. With neglect of all perspective stands before on the back half a rock with a house on it, probably Acrocorinth; Peirene near Corinth is assumed to be the source. Acrocorinth was particularly rich in water: eVwdpoc Simonide. fr. 100, 1. toAumida& 84, 1. scatens fontibus Liv. XLV 28. Archaic, with buttons on the knees, etc. Off the former Stosch collection. Pegasus scratching the ground is also on the Berlin Karneol Tölken II 86. Burnt Sard from the Lewis collection at Cambridge. DBellerophone rides through the air on Pegasus, with a spear and a noticeably larger one Harpe armed. Lying down on the ground, looking up at him angrily from an ordinary one. Lions indistinguishable chimera. The Pegasus's tail is knotted in a very strange way. In general it is one strange variation of the usual representations. The style is not ancient. Red Jasper from the British Museum. Bellerophon, on the Pegasus flying, aims his lance at the Chimera looking up at him. The latter has a simple lion shape. Line binding. Bellerophon on the Pegasus is a very popular depiction on gemstones. Jasper from the British Museum. Flying Pegasus, from the one walking on earth Bellerophon held on to the reins. Agate from the Kassel Collection II 7. Phoenix in eagle shape on the burning nending nests standing. Caption AL. This is how the phoenix was created in the Middle age drawn; The question will therefore be whether the gem really comes from the classical antiquity. Red jasper from the Berlin collection (Tölken I 140). Phoenix in that way drawn from the Roman imperial period, similar to the peacock crane, so-called. Balearic bird, with aureole. There are many sparks of fire (?) in front of him. From the former Stosch collection. Cellar, animals of the classic | Antiquity 254.

158 23. 24. 25. 26. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 39. Plate XXVI. Chalcedony according to Lippert's Dactyliothek I 782. Cupid rides, the whip swinging, on a pistrix, sea dragon, through the lively moving Waves. Sard of the British Museum. Sea goddess (Leukothea? Nereid? Thetis?) rides sitting sideways on a sea dragon, Pistrix, through the sea waves. She leaves her robe to inflate as a sail. Hangs around her neck rich collar. Quite nicely executed. From the former collection Blacas. Lapis lazuli from the Lewis collection in Cambridge. A Christian swears with the Christ monogram, which he holds in his hand like a cross Satan, writhing under his feet as an unwinged dragon is depicted with a human head and arms. The stone was certainly in used as a repellent against the devil in early Christian times; the material points to Egypt as the place of origin. Apexwv — Satan z. B. in the epi- gram. Graec. ed. Kaibel 1140, 3. Carnelian owned by Imhoof. Seylla with bristling snake hair, fins and two fish tails, swinging an oar with both arms. On her left fish fulse or tails is the front part of a dog recognizable. Burnt carnelian on sale (Naples). Same item, just this Sceylla shown in profile while she is drawn en face in No. 26, and that she swings the rudder on the other side. The style is something here better, and on each side there is the clear front part in the thigh area of a dog, Carnelian from the Vienna Collection 943. Sea buck and sea bull from water billowing emerging. Good one style. Sea bull also on the Berlin gems Tölken III 179. 180. Paris 86 (cameo). 279. Carnelian from the Berlin collection (Tölken III 204). winged one Sea griffin. A bit raw, with buttons instead of the ends of the feet. Once in the Stoschische Collection. Same depiction on the Berlin carnelian Tölken III 205. Carnelian from the Lewis collection in Cambridge. Three sirens, birds with Woman's head. Cute. Carnelian according to Lippert's Dactyliothek I 910. lyre-playing siren; on the left Star, on the right a palm leaf and in the section KATT. The cast was like all of them Lippertschen, unfortunately blunt, hence the clear inscription in the variants Phototype barely noticeable, cf. King, handbook of engraved gems board to page 95 Fig.1. The specimens with secure inscriptions, King, handbook 8. 377, belonged to winners in the Capitoline poetry competition. Sard of the British Museum. Siren, in his right hand a burning torch holding right, with his left grasping an amphora worn on his head. Very nice work in the old, fine style. Line binding. Carnelian scarab from the Berlin collection (Tölken II 59). Mercury, the dead leader, with Petasus and Chlamys; in front of him a siren, servant of the pro- serpina (Eurip. Helen. £166.). From the Stosch collection. E re, r-za ve eg You r a ES u ' 25

Plate XXVI. 159 33b. This also belongs here the gem ranked No. 1: Sard of the British 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. Museum 549. Two sirens, one the double flute, the other the lyre playing. From Athens. Carnelian scarab from the Postolacca collection in Athens. Very ancient Lying sphinx with lion's body, woman's head and wings. The hairstyle is extremely strange. From Laconia. A Sardoin scaraboid is quite similar depicted in King, natural history of gems 322. King recognizes in it assy- ric influence. Sphinx raising its paws: Parisian oriental sardonyx cameo 1404. Granite from the Schliemann Museum in Athens. Very old lying winged Lioness sphinx. Line binding. Amethyst the Berliner Collection (Tölken IV 13). Seated winged Lioness sphinx. Best style. Agate from the British Museum. The same with monogram AE = Ate.. Ultramarine blue paste from the von Lannaschen collection in Prague. Same without caption. Once owned by Bartholdy to Rome. More beautiful than all of them other sphinxes shown here, also as the most similar number 36. Onyx from the Vienna Collection 1070. Sitting Sphinx, not bad, but good more graceful than the previous one. Sard scarab from the British Museum 176. Lying Egyptian Sphinx with Crowns of the South and North; in front of her a scepter, behind her just to Part preserved monkey. The bottom is filled with cross lines; dash edging. From a grave at Tharros in Sardinia. Sard of the British Museum. Sphinx with a hindfulse on his shoulder scratchy. Fine. Sard of the British Museum. The same from the other side. Also fine. Caption OAMYPOY, probably a fiction by the stone cutter who made the wanted to fill empty space with it. Line binding. — Two carnelians with the same strange motif in Lippert, Daktyliothek I 923. 924. Antique paste from the Berlin collection (Tölken II 140). Oedipus solves the riddle the Sphinx. Pretty composition. From the former Stosch collection lung. — The Sphinx and Oedipus: Carnelian and Achatonyx in Lippert, Dacty- liothek II 77. 78. Paris amethyst 1807. Carnelian 1808 and 1809. Berlin Pastes Tölken II 141. IV 12. Sardonyx scarab from the Postolacca collection in Athens. A baboon-like one Satyr has an unwinged sphinx sitting next to him on her very special grabbed a nice head of hair. Most ancient. Pearl border. Maybe a scene from the satyr play Sphinx of Aeschylus, where Silenus is the Sphinx tried to win her over through a declaration of love. Compare the other one Image from this piece at Wieseler, theater building, panels 6, 10. Carnelian owned by Arthur Evans in Oxford. Front part of a bull with bearded human face. On the bull's body is a Corinthian visor helmet attached. Nice style. Probably a Greek seal

46. 47. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. Plate XXVI. Knight of the best times. From Taranto. See the sard from the Demidoff collection in the Impronte Gemmarie II 73. Sard of the British Museum. Striding bull with bearded human face; Vietoria hovers above him with a wreath. Line binding. — Same Scene: Berlin Jasper (Stoschisch) Tölken IV 4. Sard of the British Museum. Bull with bearded human face, head leaning towards the earth; Star on the left, flower on the right, snake at the bottom. TEAAZ above. Brown paste from the von Lannaschen collection in Prague. horse head, eagle head and boar head connected to a symplegma. Once owned cash Tholdys to Rome. Sard of the British Museum. Symplegma: pig's head, sheep's head and squishy fender dog, above it a shrimp (?). Very nicely done. The sheep head especially is excellent; Regarding the dog, see Plate XV 48. Carnelian from the possession of Lorenzo Medici, from Lippert's dactyliotheque I 72. A Triton entwines a nymph with her head to the side applies. Inscription LAVR. MED. Very nice piece, but is it really antique? Unfortunately there was no good Abguls available. Nos. 51-64. Monsters and the like. Carnelian scarab, after a print from Athens. Hybrid creatures with humans body, tail, strangely twisted arms and boar's head with bristly mane at the top. Ancient. Line binding. Sard of the British Museum. A bearded winged lion-human monster geneur has an ibex standing in front of him on the horns and on grabbed a forefoot. Very ancient and undoubtedly oriental. The lion monster is composed in the manner of the ancient centaurs like plate XXV 34: the back half of the whole person is still there of the lion added. The floor is architecturally decorated, as is the case. if it occurs frequently in the archaic style, see Plates XVII 44 and 51. Line- edging. From the Payne-Knights collection. Cellar, animals of the class. Antiquity 339. Sard of the British Museum. Billy goat with bearded human face; before that a crooked stick that seems to be stuck in the ground. The stone Unfortunately, he's a little injured. Very nice style. The representation is part of the Dionysian circles; Dionysus himself occasionally rides on such a buck people, Roscher, mythol. Lexicon. 1068. Burnt carnelian the Paris collection 1154. Lion's front part and Bull front part composed antipodally. Raw oriental. — A lion with bull's front body: Parisian carnelian 1154. Achatonyx after Lippert's Dactyliothek I 889. Horned maneless lion sitting. Egyptian. Sard of the British Museum. Lion and wild boar front part into one figure united. 5 Re} Pr

Plate XXVI. 161 57. Green porphyry from the British Museum 76. Hybrid creatures consisting of human stuffing and two attached animal front parts, to the right of a long- horned cattle, to the left of an ibex. Island stone style, supreme age- proper. Milchhöfer, Beginnings of Art Fig. 20. From Crete. 58. Carnelian from the Berlin Collection (Tölken I 149). According to Tölken a ‘shrew’, with which the hybrid creature has no resemblance at all. The first impression is more like that of a kangaroo, which is known to only occur in Australia. Apparently the hybrid creature consists of a human with an animal tail, neck, head and with four-fingered hands. About the strangeness des To make it even better, there is a star at the bottom. Certainly an amulet. 59. Chalcedony Scaraboid from the British Museum 121. Crane with a fallow deer neck, he | SE -antler, standing on one leg and lowering the head downwards. found in a grave at Kameiros on Rodos. Archaic. Torr, Rhodes ee Postolacca in Athens. The same thing after the other a. Stephan C. R. 1870/71 Plate-6, 18. ee, ae 3072. a een of a two- 21

Abdera UHI40; VIL12; VIII 9; XI 24-26. Abydos II 40; IV6. Aigai (Maked.) UI. Aegina VI 24-26. Ainos III 8, Aitnai IX 19. Aitoler IV 9, 14. Acanthos I 14-16; III 35. Akarnanen XIII 22. Akragas IV 28-31; VII2, 3; VII 1-3, 13, 26;. XII 34; XI 4. Alexandria I 1; IV 21; V 15; VIı, 3 RI RIP24, 29; XIII 14-16. Alliba XI 21; XII 1. Alontinon XIII 21. Alopekonnesos II 1. Amastris IX 42; X20. Ambracia VI 9.28; IX4;X 25; XU16. Amphipolis III 15. Anaktorion VII 12. Antandros IX 17. Apamea (Bithyn.) VI 45. Aphrodeisias X 48. Apollonia (Illyrian) IX 3. Aptera IX 20. Argos (Akarn.) 1 32, 33. Argos (Argol.) I 27, 28; IV25. Aspendos IV 13. Astakos (Bithyn.) VII 7. Athenai V 17, 18; VII 32; IX 43; XII 12. Atrax II 21. Attaia (Mys.) X 10. Barke II 1; VI35. Brettier VII 25; VIII 5. Byblos V14. Byzantium I 4; V52. Chalcis V 4, 5. Chios XIII 8, 9. Dardanus V 38, 43. Delphii III 6, 24. Registered. 1. People and towns. Elea (Thesprot.) XII 4. Eleusis IV 8. Eleuthernai IX 18. Elis IV 34-40; X32, Elyros III 16; VII 16; X38. Emporiai XII 22. Epeiroten I 31; V28. Ephesus II 35, 36; VI 36; VII 18-22. Epidaurus IX 2. Eretria III 38, 41; V 27; VIII 19-22, Eıryx 140, VII 31. Etruria I 45; IIl43; IV 3, 17; HE 21; VIII 18; Xr 32; Et at 113.4, Gaziura XI 29. Gela VI 4.5; VII1. Gonnos III 22. Gortyna V3; VII 31; X40. Gyrneion VIII 41. Halicarnassus X 41. Heraclea (Lucan.) XI 21. Himera II 9; V 40-42; XII 39, 40. Hispano-Carthaginian IV 1, 2. Hyrtakina III 17. Ialysos V 10. Idyma IX 13, 14. Italic IV 4; XII3. Itanos V2; XII 35; XIII 30. July VII 17. Kamarina VI 11, 12, 32; X5. Karystos II 39; V 45; X1; XI 22. Katana VI 19; VIII 11; XIO 18. Kaulonia II 38, 39; VI6; VII 33. Kelenderis II 18; III 12. Kentoripai V 37. | Klazomenai VI 13-15; XT16. Asia Minor Hekten I 21; 1123; V39,47; X19; XII 36. Knidos I5. Knosos XII 11. Commagene VII 44, 45; XI1. Koresia VIII 23, 24. Corinth VI 46; vu 11, 35; IX 15,21, 405 X'9) 34, 35; XI 5; "x is, 17-21; xıu 31, 35, 36. Corcyra 11137; VI42; VIII 34. Kos V138; VII4. Cranioi III 26. Croton IV 82, 33; VI 10; VIII 16; X 26, 27; XıT 26. Kydonia I al, 42. Kyme (Kawp.) I 9; VI 20; VII 5; VIII 38, 39; X37; XII 2; XI 2, 29: Kyme (Aiolis) V 7. Cyprus I 13; III 13, 25, 33; v 13; XII 12, 24. Cyrene 14 5; 112.5; v9; x 11-14, 39. Cyzicus? 20, 29, 35; IIT 14; IV 19; VIL7—10: X1 11, 12, 15, 23.40; XII 1,23, 30, 37; XII 10, 23, 28, 37. Laos V 25; XIII 17. Lappa III 42. Larisa (Thessal,) II 19, 20, 23; III 36; VII 34. Leontion I 4; IX 26, 27, 36. Letopolis VI 30. Leukas V 46; VI 34; X33. Luceria VI 41. Lycian 119; 1122; IV 12; VI 27, XI 13; XII 5; XII 25: Lyttos IV 16; V1. Madytos I 36. Magnets (Thessal.) XI 43. Magnesia (Ion.) III 46, 47. Macedonian VI 2123, 83; IX6; Xl a1. Mallos VI 16-18. Mantineia II 3; IX5. Maroneia X 19.

as Ar IE u,L b Melitaia VII 15. Melos IX 31-33. Mende II 25-29; V 23, 24. Messana II 10, Art 30; TI 45; vi 36, 39; VI35. Metapontion” 17; V16; VI 24, 37,38,41; VOII 6, 28; IX 4.23.85, 89. Methydrion rer IX 29, Methymna IV 1 _ Miletos I ı2. ion (Thessal.) XI 42. ie: Fe Ta Myra X ale f. 37, Xai. . Ku 19, 20. HAS; VI; ee a Register. Pessinus XI 31. Phaistos III 32; XI 39. Pharos IH 11. Philadelpheia (Lyd.) I 23. Phocaia 144; IV 22-24. Phocis IV 11. Phoenician 117; III 19; V 14, 22; VIII 82; XI 35. Piakos INTERNAL Populonia VII 18. Poseidonia II 31. Priapus VIII 8. Psophis VI 47. Region 1 2, 3; IX45. Rodos VII 26, 27; X 6-8. Roma II 12; VIl 28; VIII 10. Seed I 34. Samos 16; IIl 34; V49. Segesta I 24, 38; VII 27, 42. Seleucia (Cilik,) XI 18. Selge X 15-18. Selinus VI 8; IX 9-12. Sieulo-Punic I 8; II 13; X »2-4... : Side IX 34. Sidon III 19. Sicyon V 29, 30, 32--36; XI 9.7% Sinope YVI1%42. | Skepticism IX 22, 23; XII 13, 14. Scotus (Thessal.) IX 30. II. Kings and dynasts. Euanthes II 25. Iotape VII 44. Orontas XI 17. | Patraos from 30. ae: pos II. II 16. Prusias XI 44. IL. Roman Republic. Tunia VII 40, Mamilia I 43. Domitianus IV 8 ' | Domitia V a, m 41. Se: | Hadrianus IX44 ' Antoninns Pius u 87% IV 20. 55; re % » 163 Soloi X 22. Solus VI 48; VII 6; VIII 14. Stiela X 36. Stymphalus XIII 27. Sybaris III 28. Syracuse II 24; VIII 17, 44; xX1:38; XIU 3. Taras 126; Il 14, 15; IV 27; V 19, 20; VI49; VIII 15, 29, 30, 36, 37; XI 34. Tarsus 1 11; IT 34; X24; XII 7—-9; XII 7. Theos VIII 43; XI 27. Terina VI 3. Terone VI7. Thebai IX 8. Thurioi III 29, 30. Trieros (?) X 2330. Tire V 22; 'VIII 32, 33; XI 85; XII 27. Undetermined 122; II 32, 33; III - 21; IV1; V 48; VI 21-23, 39, 40; VII 13, 14, 42, 43; VII 25; IX 25; X23; X[ı0, 14, 31, 38; XIT10; XI 115 26, 32-34. Velia I, 9, 10, 18. Zankle IV 26. Ptolemy V 8. Pyrros XI 36, Seleucus I. I 17; IV6. Sophytes V 44. Stasandros III 33; V13. Pompeia XII 5. Quinctia II 8. Satriena 1 30. Valeria XI 19. Voconia III 44. Paulina V 51. Constans T. XII-38. Contorniat XIII 6. 21*

164 Eel VIII 3(?); XXIH 13. Abies cephalonica IX 16 (cones). Abraxas XXV 31, 32. Acridium (Grasshopper) XXIII 32. Adler I 13; II 11; IV 28-40; V 1-8, 11-13; VI 16; IX 19; XV 48-45; XV127, 28; XX 19, 39-57; XXI 10, 25; XXI 40, Eagle head IV 34, 35; V10; X32; XVI 20; XX 35-38; XXVI 48. Aesculapian snake XXI 6. Monkey 11; XIV 1-3b; XVL 17. Agathodaemon XII 29. Ahre)]:36;, 17ER 725 Vals: VI 17; VII 24, 37, 38, 41; CATTLE 6; IX 1, 28; X8; XI 28; XII 29; XVI 45; XVOI 48; XIX 23; 'XXI 17, 45; XXIII 26, 31, 32, 40; XXIV 4—T. Aleppo ear (Pinus halepensis) IX 15 (cones). Allium moly XXV 26. Alo&vulgaris XXV 3. Ant VII 24, 25; XVI 20; XXII 40, 45, 46; XXIV 1-6. (ant) winged XXIV 7, 8. Antlion (larva) XXIIL 50. Antelope I ı; XIV 34 (head); XVII 42, 43, 47, 58, 55. Antelope bubalis XVII 43. Antelope dorcas (gazelle) XVI 26. Apple XVIH 11; XXV 15. apple tree x 39; XXV 15. Apium graveolens (Eppich) IX 12 | Aquila fulva (Golden Eagle), head IX 38,088. Ardea cinerea (Heron) XXII9. Arundo donax L. XIX 63. Aspis Snake XV 48; XV16; XXIII 10. Astacus XXIV 47. Ateuchus sacer (dung beetle) XXIH 16, 18; VII 12, Bache XIX 66, 67. Bear 11.3, 4; XIV 21: XVI8 —15, 21; XXI 38. Bear head XV 18. tree (undefined) IV 20; VIII 83; IX2; X 38, 40-43; XIV 22, 34; XV 15b, 37, 41, 42, 49, 54, 56; XVI 48, 58; XVII 11, 35, 40, 44, 52; XVIO 8, 11-13, 32, 39; XIX 19-22, 42, 57, 59, 64; AX 4, 6, 12,18; XxX1938; Register. v. animals and plants. XXI 183- RITA, 05 XXV 85, 44, 58, Berries XXI 3, 13; XXV 2. Barbary deer XVII 39. Bed bug (Cimex lectulanus) XXIH 50. Bee VII 15-23; XXI 17, 39-41, 48, 49 (head); XXV 21, 22. Bulb IX 1. Sheet II 41; IV 36; X 27.32; XI 27; XVII 28. Flower X 24, 25, 35; XXIII 39; XXVI 47. 'Flower Chalice VI 23; XIII 27; XIV 41. | Flower bud XXIV 42. Flower pot XXV 25. Floral Ornament II 25; V 9, 10, 43,.VIl 22; VOL 2ZXI 12; XV.38. Bloodhound (head) XV 19, 20. Bock XIV 52, 54. | Bockskopf XIV 51; XVII 4; XXI 22. Humpback Ox XVIII 59; Zebu. ' Bufo vulgaris (toad) XXIT 49, 50. Bulldog XV 39. Buthus (Scorpion) XXIV 11. Capricornus XIX 1, 2, 3; XXV 29. Cardium (cockle) VIII 34, 35. Cassidaria echinophora (marine snail) XXIV 36, 39, Cecrops XI 40. Centaur XI 41-45; XXV 28, 30, 33, 34. Cerberus XII 1-4; XXV 35, 36. Chamaeleon VI 35. Chamaerops humilis (dwarf palm tree) X 5. Chimaera XI 4-7; XI 21; XXV 37-41; XXVI 18, 19. Chrysophrys aurata (gold bream) XXI 11. Cicada VII 32-36; XXIII 38, 43, 45; XXV 18, 19. Cimex lectulanus (bed bug) XXIII 50. | Lemon butterfly XXIII 20. Coluber flavescens (Aesculap- snake) XXII 6. Cynocephalus hamadryas (Pa- vian) I 1; XIV 1ı—3b. Cypresses IX 2, 3. Cyprinus carpio VII 47. Badger XV 17; XVI 4. Fallow deer II 33-37; XI 29; XIV 30-32; XVII 19-23, 33; XXV 61, 62; XXVI 5% (head). date palm 18; I 13; X2—4; KIe HE Date branch XXV 7. Delphin 17, 27, 44; II 10; II 3, 6, 24; IV 25-27; V11, 12, 26; VI49; VI 11; VII 15, 44; IX 21; XI 22, 56; XII 3, 7; XX 15-34; XXI 8; XXII 18;-XXII 13, 28, 87; XXIV 19, 46; XXV 45, 55; XXVI 10, 11. Dolphin with a human face. XXV 42. Thistle IX 4. Dragon XXI 21; XXVI 23-25. Trefoil XVII 28. Dytiscus (swimming beetle, lar- ve) XXIV 17. Eber I 16, 17; IV 9-17; XIX 47-65; XX47. Boar's Head IV 16; VI 30; XX 47; XXVI 48. Boar forepart IV 11, 12, Boar lower jaw IV 14. Boar, winged XI 16, 17. Echidna, perhaps Hydra XI 8. Edelhirsch II 38, 39; VI6; XIV 25; XVI 24; XVII 18, 24-32, 38. Noble deer head IV 32; XIV 35; XV 42. ge Egg XVI 5; XXI 9. Oak V 28; X41. Acorn VI 47; IX5; XXV 10, oak branch IX 6; XXV 10, Lizard VI 22, 32-34; XXII 5, 12, 43. Unicorn XXV 43, 44. Elephant XIX 37—45. Elephant, African IV 1— 5; XIX 39, 41, 48-45. Elephant, Indian IV 6, 7. Duck VI 20. Ivy leaf IV 13, 18; VI 23; XXV 11. Ephesus wreath VI 36; IX 7, 8. Eppichblatt VI 8; VII 2; IX 9-12; XXV 19. Eriphia XXIV 26. Eriphia spinifrons XXIV 28, 29, 33. Ash leaf XXV 5. Donkey II 25-29; V 24; XV 62, 63; XVII 1—-14; XXI 35; XXIV 38. Donkey's head VII 1, 5; XXV 16. Owl V 16, 19, 20, 22; VI 32, 35; IX 48; XVII 52; XX61, 62. Owl with human head XXVI 61, 62,

Euscorpius (Scorpion) XXIV 13, 15, 16. Pheasant XXI 23. Fig leaf IX 13, 14. Hare XVI 22, 31, 33b. Piglet XX 12. Fish I 14; III 29, 30; IV 31; VI11, 12, 18,19, 45-47, 49; BET 3,4, 5, 9, VIII 24: XII 34; XIII 1—3, 19, 30, 33, 34, 37, 38; XXII 48, 49; XXI 11-15; XXIV 20, 39, 45. Fishman XXV 55. Flamingo VI 10. Fly XXIII 29, 30, 39; XXIV 37. Crayfish VIII 6, 7. Pine IX 15 (cones), 20-23; XXV 13. Francolin chicken V 47, 48. Frog VI 40, 41. Fruits XXIV 5, 6. fox 1; XVI1—3; XVII 17. Fox, winged XI 12. Fill II 28; XVI 48, 51, 58. Cornucopia XIX 52; XXI8, 45; XXI 37: XXV 1, 29. Fusus XXI 14, 15. Gadus(?) VI 45. Gans VI 21-23, 33; XVII 6; XXII 19, 30-32. Goose, wild VI9. Sheaf IX 26; XXV 17. Shrimp VII 10-14; XXIV 32; XXVI 49. Gazelle II 1—5; XIV 38; XVI 26; XVII 41, 44, 48, 49, 51, 52.54; XVII 1 (with boy), 28, 29, 38; XIX 2; XX58. Gecko (Platydactylus muralis) XXI 41. Vulture V 9, 14; XVI 26; XX 58 (Egyptian). Vulture head V 9. barley ear IX 1, 24, 35, 39; XXV 16. barley grain I 4; IX27. Grain stalk XXIIL 37. Cereal grain II 13; VIII 38; XXIU 45; XXIV 5, 6. Giant XI 18, 19; XXV 51-53. Genet II 2. Glaucus XI 20-22; XII 30, 31; XXV 54. Sea bream (Chrysophrys au- rata) XXI 11. Gonoplax rhomboidesXXIV 30. Praying mantis (Mantis reli- giosa) VII 41. j Pomegranate IX 31-35; XXV9. Garnet leaf IX 31, 33. Garnet Blossom XXV 3. Grapsus XXIV 30. Grapsus marmoratus XXIV 31. Common Frog VI 41. Register. Griffin VII 12; VIII 9, 43, XI 23-27, 29, 30; XXV 51, 56 —62; XXVI 29. Griffin, horned XI 28. Gryllus XXV 63, 64. Hahn III 23; V 38-40, 42— | 46; XVI 1, 20, 23, 31; XIX 52; XXI 29-54; XXI 16. Rooster with gripping head XXVI63, | Collared Parrot XXI 1, 2; XXIII 46. Hammerhead Shark VII 6. Harpy XI 31; XXVI 2. Hare I 23, 40; II 10, 11; IV 29; VII 836, 39; VII 38; XV 40, 41, 43-45, 50; XVI 22, 25-33b; XX42, 45, 46, 50; XXIII 31 cf. rabbit. Dormouse XVI 21-23; XXI 52, 53. Crested Eagle (Spiza&tos) XXI 10. domestic pig IV 18-20; XIX 52; XX 1 p. Pig. Healing Serpent XXII 1. Helix aspersa (snail) XXIII 29; XXIV 42. Stallion XVI 36, 48. Hen V 41; XXI 36-40. Cockle (cardium) VII 34, 35. Hesperides tree X 39; XXV 15, Hay horse XXI 35, 36. Grasshopper I 9; IV 29; V 16; VI 37-40; VIO 13; XVI 7, 265 XXI 42; XXIU 31— 37, 41-43; XXVI 64. Himantopus (beach rider) XXI 15. ; Hippocamp VII 25; XI 32-37; XXVI 3-11. Hirsch I 18, 39; II 33-39; IV 32; VI6; VII 33, 39; XI 29; XIV 25, 30-32, 35; XV 42; XVI 24; XVII 18-39. Deer, winged XI 13. deer calf XVII 18; XX 43.44. Deer II 40, 41; XIV 33; XVI 71; XVII 36; XX40. Shepherd Dog XV 23, 46, 56. Hordeum hexastichon (barley) IX 1, 24, 36. chicken V 47, 48; XVII 6; =. also rooster, hen. Lobster VII 8. Dog I 24, 31, 33, 34, 36— 41, 43-46; II 29; IV 15; v 52: VIE -38.2487 IX718; XIV 6; XV 21-46, 48-58; XVI 7, 15, 28, 31, 52, 54; XVII 17, 29; XVII 17, 50; XIX 2, 19, 46, 53—57, 59— 61; XX 18, 54; XXVI 49. Dog, winged XI 11. Dog, Cretan I 42; XV47. Dog, Molossian I 31, 32; XV 31, 32. Dog head I 32; XV 19, 20. 165 Dog front part I 35; XXVI 26, 27. Hyena XV 17; XXII 35. Hydra X138, 39; XXVI 12,13, cf. Echidna. Hunting (wind) dog XV 25, 26, 38, 40-45, 50, 51, 54: XVI 52, 54; XVII 23, XVII 38. Ins, 11: VIJ.9: XI. Ichneumon 11, 25; XVI 5, 6; XXIII 10. Isometrus (Scorpion) XXIV 12. Ixodes (Tick) XXIV 17. nn, AK 91, Beetle VII 13, 14; XXIII 16— 18; XXIV 17. Calf II 37, 44, 45; XIX 6, 26 —30. Camel, Arabic I 31; XVII 15, 16. Camel, Bactrian I 32; XVII 17, Scallop VII 3; VII 36, 837; XI 34; XXIV 40, 41. Fighting cock XXI 49, 54. Rabbit IX 44; XV 44; AVI 29,082: XV 21, 29; cf. hare. Caracal XV 16. Carp VI 47; XXIII 12. Cat I 26; II2. Bud XXV 9. Cormorant XXII 18. Crab VII2—4, 29; VIII 1— 5, 13, 26; XII 34, XII 4; XXI 42; XXIV 24-33; XXVlo. Crow II 26, 27,29; V 24; XXI 11, Octopus VIH 3, 15-22; XII 1. Crane VI 3, 6, 7; XXII 2, 12, 17; XXIV 8. Crane with fallow deer head XXVI 59. wreath XVU 8, 11; XX51. Cabbage head XVI 32. Cancer VII 6, 7, 9; XI 39; XXIH 13; XXIV 29. Crab claws XXIV 34. Crocodile VI 29-31; XIV 1; XV4; XXI 46-48. Toad VI 39; XXII 49, 50. Cow III 37-39, 43; V 27; XVII 55; XIX 5, 16, 20, 22, 24-30; XX 13: XXI 28. Hartebeest XVII 45. Labrax(?) VI 45. Tortoise XXII 37—39. Spiny lobster XXIV 23, 32, 35. larva one swimming beetle XRIV 17 Deciduous tree XV 41, 54; XVIO 12, 48; XIX 19-22, 57, 59; EXL 0312 118, AIDS, Tree frog VJ 40.

166 Tree of Life Hom XXV 8. Lily X 33, 34. Lilium candidum X 33. Limax (nudibranch) XXU 41; XXIV 43. Laurel tree IX 38; XXV 4. laurel branch IV 33; IX 36, 37; xXT,8; KR 12; XXI 30. Leo I 1, 7-19; II 34; IX36; XIV 5-19, 21-30, 32-58; XV 1-4; XVI 26, 68; XVII 22, 30, 42, 48; XVIIL30, 59; XIX 33, 34; RX 39, 58; XXL 35; XXV 30. lion, winged XI 9, 10; XV1; XXV 47, 48. lion, horned XXV 38; XXVI 58. Lion, winged and homed XI 5-9; XXV 49. Lion's head I 2-4, 6; IX 27; ZWOTTTTT, Lion Sphinx XV 1; XXVI35, 38. Lion's front part 15; XXVI 54, 56. Lioness griffin XXV 59, 60. Lynx XV 16. Maya XXIV 26. Mandragoras XVII 50 (fruit). Mantispa pagana XXIII 45. Fattening pig XX 1. Mule XV 62, 63; XVII 38— 10. Mule II 30; XVII 2-4. Mouse I 5-9; VI 35; XVI 16 — 23; XXI 35, 43, 44, 4b, 52, 53; XXII ı; hazel mouse, Dormouse. Sea Dragon XXVI 23, 24; cf. Pistrix and sea serpent. Sea Age XXV 45. Vervet monkey XIX 2. Mussel (Mitylus) VIII 38, 39; XII 29. Minotaur XII 10-12. Hybrid creatures XXVI 51, 56-63. Dung beetle (Ateuchus sacer) VII 12; XXIII 16, 18- Mitylus s. mussel. Mitylus galloprovineialis VIL 38, 39. poppy head IX 40, 41; XXV 16. Poppy plant IX 39. mosquito s. fly. Mugil VO 1; XXIV 47. Murex VIII 27, 30; XII 27. Murex trunculus (purple- snail) VII 33; XXIV 37, 38. mussel HU 9; IT 9; VI20; VII 5: VIII 3, 7, 26-41; X37; xX1 21.84: XII 2.27, XUIT, 2.29, 36; XXI 14, 15; XXIII 13; XXIV 26; XXVI 10. Myrtle tree XXV 12. Myrtle bud IX 42. Myrrh X 43, Register. Nudibranch (Limax) XXII 41; XXIV 43. Naja haje (Shield Viper) XV 48; XVI 6; XXII 10. Narcissus XXV 1.27, Rhinoceros IV 8; XIX 46. Nautilus XIX 45. Hippo IV 21. Nile monitor XXI 42, 44. fruit tree XIX 29; XXV 24; see apple tree. fruit fruit XXI 27, 45; XXV 1; cf. apple, pear, quince, Octopus (Polyp) XXIV 45. Octopus macropus crack. = 0. Ruber Raf. XXIV 44. Octopus vulgaris XXIV 46. Eared Owl v2. Olive tree IX 43, 44; XXV 14. Oil leaf XI 30. Olive II 30. Olive Branch II 34; V 17, 18, 19, 30; IX 45; XI 40; xVvI 45; XXIII 30. Sacrificial bull XIX 7, 8, 35, 36. Or oh (Scorpio) XXIV Orya leucoryx (gazelle) XVII Oeis alba IX 42 (berry). Pagurus XXIV 28, 29, 33. Palaemon VII 10.14; XXIV 47. Palinurus XXIV 23, 32, 35. palm leaf XV 14; XX51; XXV131. Palm 'I 8; II 13, 16/86: VI 831; X 1-4; XVI 72; XVII 43, 44; XVIII 42, 43; XXV 6-8. palm branch XVI 39, 70; XV 45; XVII 8; XXI 33, 49; XXIII 30: XXV 7, 63. Panorama XXIV 9. Panther I 19-23, 26; XIV 6, 31, 32; XV 6, 8-15; XVII 46; XXII 35. Parrot XXI 1—5, 51; XXIII 6 46. Paseng III 16-20; XIV 28; XVII 30, 36. Baboon I 1; XIV 1-3b. Pecten (Scallop) VII 36, 37; XI 34. Pecten Jacobaeus XXIV 40, 41. Pegasus I 32; VI 28; XI 13_ — 22; XXV 41; XXVI114—20. Pelican XXI 19. Peneus caramote VIII 11, 12; XXIV 18, 21. Penetal cancer XXIV 22. Percoid(?) VI 46. Peacock V 49-51; XXI 25-28. horse I 1; II 8, 14—16, 18— 24; VII34; XIV3b, 44; XVI 80.86--77 4. XVll:831: XIX 61, 62, 64; XXIII 31; XXV 52, horse, winged XI 10; Pe- gasus. Horse head II 12, 13, 17; XVI 34, 35; XXVI 48. horse front partXVI 71; XXVI 60. Plant IX 7; X 24, 28-31; XVI 49; XVII 55; Kl Ta XXU 47; XXIIT 10. Plant ornament II 25. Phalacrocorax carbo (cormo- ran) XXII 18. Phobos XII 23. Phoenix XII 24, 25; XXVI 21, 22. Pinna nobilis (pinna mussel) VII 8, 10; VII 41. Tiller Watcher (Pinnoteres) VIl 8; XXIV 25, 27. Pinnoteres antiquorum VII 8; XXIV 25, 27. Pinus halepensis (Aleppo ear) IX 15 (cones). Pisa XXIV 26. Pistrix (Sea Dragon) XXVI23, 24; cf. sea serpent. Plane tree V 3. Sheet XXV 18. Platanus orientalis s. plane tree. Platydactylus muralis (gecko) XXI 41. Polyp XXI1V 44—46. Polyprion VI 46(%): VI 3. Psittacus Alexandri (parrot) XX13, Psittacus torquatus XXI 1, 2; XXI 46. Purple Shell XXIV 37, 38; s. Murex. Python XI 26. Jellyfish VIII 44 (umbrella jellyfish),. Quercus aegilops IX 5 (acorn). Quercus coccifera XXV 10 (branch). Quercus infectoria IX 6 (branch). Quince XXV 15. Raven I 1; II 29; V 23, 26; XXI 5-14; XXIII 22. Raja clavata (Roche) VI 42. Bird of prey V 25. Vine leaf XXV 20; see wine sheet. Partridge XXI 24 (with young). Vine XV 10; XVIL 11; s. Vine. Deer XVI 24; XVII 26, 34; XXIII 22. Heron VI 5, 8, 9; XXII 6, 9 Be Racehorse XVI 39, 42, 62, 63, 65, 72, 76. + Beef IV 13; XIV 37; XVII 56; XIX 2 (longhorn breed), 3, 15, Ir-al, 01 a0 Calf, cow, bull, zebu. Grass snake XXII 3. Roche VI 42.

Sand wasp XXIII 47. Sargus XXI 11. Satan XXVI 25. Sheep IV 36, 37; XIV 17: XV 64; XV1 26; XVII 2; XXVI 49 (head); s. wild sheep. German Shepherd XVIIT 50. Skakal I1; XVI 7; XVII 17. Turtle VI 24-.98; XXuU 37-40, 50; see Testudo. Shield Viper XV 48: XVI 6; XXIII 10. reeds x 10; XIX 63. Umbrella jellyfish VIII 44. Snake III 11; IV 30; V4, 5, 9, 20; VI 8, 28, 36-38; VUI 5; IX 24; X42; XII 26-29; XIX 45; XV 18, 48, 58; XVI 6, 8; XIX 18; XX 48, 49; XXI 41; XXI 3, 6, 20, 38; XXIII 1-10; XXV 7, 15, 58; XXVI 47; see sea snake. ae, winged XII 30— Butterfly V1126—29; XXI 26; XXIII 19-28, 32; 'XxV 21, 22. Snoring Grasshopper XXI 32. Snail XXIII 29; XXIV 42, 43. Snail shell XVII 13, 14; XVII 49; XIX 45. snail shell VII 3; XIII 35. Schwalbe V 27; XXI 20. Swan VI 11-18; XXII 20— 29. Pig I 1; XIX 40; XX 1— 14; see boar, brook, piglet, domestic pig. Pig, winged XXV 50. Pig's Head IV 18; XXVI49. Swimming Beetle XXIV 17 (larva). Scomber VI 45. Scorpaena(?) VI 46; VIL2. Scorpio flavicaudus XXIV 13, 15, 16. Scorpio maculatus XXIV 12. Scorpio oceitanus XXIV 11. Scorpio olivaceus XXIV 10. Scylla VIII 26; XII 1-7; XXVI 26, 27. Sea eagle V 11, 12. Sea buck XXVI 28. Sea Griffin XXVI 29. Seal IV 22-24. Sea urchin VIII 42, 43. Sea Lion XII 33. Seahorse VII 11. Sea turtle VI 24, 25. Sea Serpent XI 34, 35; XIII 18; cf. Pistrix. Sea Bull XXVI 28. Sea Monster VIII 39. Sepia offieinalis VII 23-25; XXIU 13.87; XXIV 32, 47. Sepiola Rondoletti XIV 32, register, Sieyonia sculpta (shrimp)VIII 13 Dormouse XVI 21-23; XXI 52, 53. Silphium II 2, 5; II 1,2, 4, 5b; VI 35; X 11-14. Singeikade s. Cicada. Sinevogel XVII 48; XIX, 20; XXI 16, 18; xxV. Siren XII 36-38; XXVI 1, 30-33b. Scorpion VII 42-46; XV 18; XXI 37; XXIV 10-18! XXV 48; see Scorpio Scorpion fly XXIV 9. Sparoids XXI 49; XXIII 11. Woodpecker XXI 15. Spelt IX 41 (Ear of Grain). Sparrowhawk V 15; XX 59, 60. Sparrow XL 16; XXV 16, Sphinx XII 8-18, AV .t* XVI 26; XXVI 34-44. Spitz I 45; II 29; XV 33, 34. Spizaötos (crested eagle) XXI 10. Jerboa II 5; VI35. Squalius VI 12. Star XX 11. Hole leaves XXV 10. Biting fly VII 30, 31. pen shell VII 2-4, 8, 10; VL 124.26. 41, Golden eagle head XX 35, 38. Capricorn II 13; XVI 26; XVI 47, 48, 50; XVII 21 —23, 26, 27, 30, 32, 34, 35, 37, 39-43; XXV 29; XXVI 52, 57. little owl V 17-20; XX61. Stellio vulgaris (star lizard) XXII 45; XXIV 43. Wading bird XVII 47. Star lizard s. Stellio. Taurus I 1, 14, 15; III 27-36; IV 25; VII 81; XVII 54; XIX 4, 714 23, 32-35. bull, winged XI 14, 15; XXV 46; XXVI 45-47. Bull with a human face VIII 4; XIII 17-26. Bull's head I 10; III 40-43; XIV 42. Bull forepart III 34, 35; XIX 1; XXVI 54. Sturgeon VI 43, 44. Storax tree X 15.18, _Storax leaf X 16, 'ı7. Stork XVII 47; XXI 3-5, TR AR Sandrider(Himantopus)X XII 15.10, Shrub XVIIL6, 7.28; XXII 20. Straul's V 52; XXI 33-36. Strix bubo V 21; see Uhu. Strix otus (eared owl) V 22. Straw XXV 17. Mare II 23; XVI 48, 51, 58. Stymphalian bird XIII 27. Marsh Plant XXII 47. 167 Swamp turtle VI 26, 27. Marsh Bird XXII 14, 15. Symplegma XXVI 48, 49. Day butterfly XXIII 19, 20. Fir IX 16 (cones) —19; XIV 34 edible crab XXII 37; XXIV 25, 27. Pigeon V 28-37; XXIV a1. Tellina (tell mussel) VIII 40. Telphusa fluviatilis (plug-in mussel) VII 2—4; VIII —4, 26 Testudo Graeca (land shield) toad) XXII 37, 38. tuna I 20, 35; IV 19; VI 48; VII 7-10; XI 15, 23, 40; XII 1, 30,.37; XII 10, 23, 28. Tigers XV 5, 6. Squid VIII 23-25; XXIII 13, 37; XXIV 32, 47. grape s. grape. XXI 23; | Triel VI 4. Triticum turgidum (wheat) IX 28 (grain). Triton XIII 28-38; XXIII 13; XXVI 50. Tritonium nodiferum II 9; VII 26, 29, 31, 32; XIII 35; XII 14, 15. Trochilus XXII 46. Trochus niloticus XXIV 39, Trumpet snail III 9; VII 26, 29. Tropidonotus natrix (ringlet natter) XXI 3. Eagle Owl V 21; XX63. Monster VIIIl39; XIII 39, 40; XXVI 82. Viper XV 48; XVI 6. Viverra ichneumon I 1, XVI 5, 6; XXIII 10. Bird I 1, 26; IV 88; X41; XV 18; XV6; XVII 47, 48; XX11; XXI 5, 16, 18, 19; XXII 14, 46; XXIII 37, 43; XXIV 34; XXV 2; XXVIl 60. 205 Quail V 47, 48; XXI 17. Migratory Locust XXIII 32, 34. Aquatic Plant X 37; XXIII 10. Water shrew 11 9. grape leaf X 21—23, 26; XXV 20. Vine II 27, 29; X 19, 20; XV:9, 40, EV IE SEI 15; NXV 21-23.

168 Grape II 1; VII 28, 39; X 6, 20-23; Surah, 9; XV > 12; XVI29, 33; xxvi, DR Wheat Grain IX '28. Catfish XXIV 47. Wryneck XXI 21. Aries I 1; III 21-26; XVII 53. Ram's head I 9; III 23, 24; v 25; XVII 5, 44, 45, 49; XXI 4; XxIV 34. Wiesel I 24. Wiesent XVII 57; cf. wild- bull. Wild Ass XXII 35. Wild Goose VI 19. Wild Sheep XVI 26; XVII 2. Wild boar XXVI 56 (pre- that part). wild bull XIX 33; see Wiesent. v Register. ' Wild Goat XVI 26; vn, egg 31, 34; XX40. Wild goat XVII 3. Greyhound XV 21, 22,26, 27, I Winter wheat Br 29, 30. FR ' Wolf I 27 -30; XV: XVII 46; XX12; 2 38; XXII 35. Wolf, winged XI 12. Wolfhound XV35. E Xantho florida ir % poresa) | XIV 24.32. | 5861; RX14 Tick (Ixodes) ZZ A902 kid XV 13; XVII 15. Goat I 1; II 14, 15; V 14;

MAMMALS: MONKEY - DOG. Phostotype v. J. Brumner in Winterthur.

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TAFRL. WI. CRUSTFISH and CEPHALOPODS. Frototype v. J. Brumner in Wintertwr .

TAREL I PLANTS: PEAR - OIL TREE. Piototype v. J. Brummer in Winteräwr .

X, BASE (CONTINUED). PLANTS Photstypia v. J. Brumner in Winterthur.

BATIETSNT, ERE- VEINS, He +0 FABULOUS ANIMALS and MIXED BEINGS: CAPRIGORNUS = CENTAURS... Phototype v. J. Brumner in Winterdur

TAPE: R.L. a Re: hr HE RT BE %, WS GIITIRERE TARLNL FABULOUS ANIMALS and MIXTURES: BERBEROS’SSEIRENE- Phetotypy v. J. Brummer in Winterthur,

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MAMMALS. LION Phototype v. J. Brummer in Wintertkur WOLF.

TABLE W. MAMMALS PRONS DERERDN J. Brunner it Winterihur , type v. Phore

TABLE W. SAUCE PIECES.: DONKEY. GAZEILE, Bherrpie vw. J. Brummer it Winterient

TABLE XVM. MAMMALS: GAZELLE - ZEBU. Phototype v. J. Brumner in Winterthur .

PLATE XXX. MAMMALS: BEEF - WILD BOAR. Phomtypia v. J. Brumer in Winterthur

TABLE X 39 MAMMALS: DOMESTIC PIG - DOLPHIN. BIRDS: EAGLE - LOOT Phntotypis v. J. Brumner in Winterihur

MOLEL. PARROT - CHICKEN. 4" Phetotypy v. J. Brumner in Winterthur.

' ' A — x + A 10 egg x = re OR TE TE no ® Dr Se). Are e Y - HE Em a Par x TE R.E Se NOCERNBISETRAEUSE AMPHIBIANS. Photstypia vw. J. Brummer it Winterdwur.

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PLATE XII. AMPHIBIANS. SEISH. INSEETS, Ehototype v. J. Brunner in Winteröhur

PLATE XXIV The gems of these The panels have been enlarged one and a half times . INSEETEN, . -EGRUSTACEEN;: SHELLS. 'GEPHALOPRODES. Pasutyyie v. J. Brummer in Winterthur

PLATE XXV A PLANTS, FABULOUS ANIMALS AND MIXTURES: ABRAXAS - CRYLLUS. Prototyping v. J. Brumner in Winterthur.

PLATE XXVI AMAZING ANIMALS and MIXED BEING:" HARPY FINISH. Phototype v. J. Brumner in winter treatment.

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