The Coins of Acarnania — 1878

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The Coins of Akarnanlen From Dr. F. Imhoof-Blumer. With three Boards and eight Woodcuts. nn nnnan Ann Vienna, 1878. Printed by the Imperial-Royal Court and State Printing Office. Publishing house of the Manz’sche k. k. Court publishing house and university bookstore.

Separate print from the Xth volume of the “Numismatic Journal” 1878, 2 3 published by the “NUMISMATIC SOCIETY” in Vienna. En >

One the strangest coin creatures of the old one Hellas is the one des Federal and the individual Cities of the Acarnans. Same can be divided into several clear break down groups, their design and chronological order, it seems to me, until now has never achieved clear clarity. This one The task is made more difficult by the extraordinary lack of activity of the historical traditions that give us about political development Acarnania received are. To limit the different embossing periods There are only a few reliable clues that can be drawn from these win points: It therefore only needs to be achieved 'Approximately correct results, preferably those in the country struck coins can be consulted yourself, individually and in groups, with consideration Yours Technique and style, types and weights. The subsequent Compilations partly well-known, partly unedited Acarnanian coins and which accompany them tending comments can be given the difficulty of the 1

2 Dr. F. Imhoof-Blumer: do not claim matter, a perfect solution to be up to the task at hand; they only form a connection look for it and like it in the meantime serve as instructions for further viewing and ordering of the numismatic Material that we have and possess from Acarnania become. ; the one, which promote this purpose me in the most liberal way possible, mine Collection of originals through rich series Copies to be added, primarily to Mr. J. P. Six in. /Amsterdam and the Directors of the British museum, the coin cabinets in Munich, Vienna, Athens, Paris and all the Italian cities of Turin to Palermo, the warmest thanks are expressed here. The more extensive the material is that is available for immediate available view and comparison, the more fundamental The lesson to be learned from this will be more accurate, and The quicker you can make previous guesses either eliminate them or confirm them as safe results. In the union of numerous originals and copies is not only the basis for reliable and often additional descriptions provided, but also the- Possibility of larger series of similar coins sti- to be organized into groups listically and chronologically; in In many cases, what was previously possible with the same ° Accuracy rarely happens, simultaneity very different looking coins, and simply by determining the stamp ID tity of one embossed side of the pieces in question. at- We will play games of this kind particularly frequently in the future in the descriptions of the Pegasosstaters: they are

… but which are also present in many other series of Greek coins. To place the value of such observations in their proper light, let me for now point to a single fact — one I intend to treat more fully in a separate work — namely that, among the Campanian silver coins bearing the inscriptions ΑΝΙΑΥ, ΑΝΙΑϜ, ΣΕΤΣΕΡ, ϜΩΛΙΣΜΙϟ (forms as shown in the original at left), with the types of the man-faced bull or of Bellerophon fighting the Chimaera, there are specimens whose obverses (with the head of Herakles) can be traced back to shared, identical dies.

At a single stroke, then, coins over which an endless amount has already been pondered, conjectured and written, and which have received the most varied attributions (Hyria–Nola, Frentani, Freternum, Fensernu, Censennia, Sensernia, Serennia, Veseris, etc.), are transformed into nearly contemporary issues of one and the same locality! Results of this importance will, of course, always belong among the rare cases; but the less important ones too deserve full attention, and seem to me readily attainable through the systematic collecting and ordering of durable, fine copies.

Such copies — which, as soon as one is willing to use the material of the right quality in the proper way, can be made easily and without any damage to the original, not even to its most superficial nuance — are at the same time meant to serve, through the medium of phototype reproduction, to demonstrate the absolute correctness of newly advanced assertions to wider circles as well; something that, by the finest …

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4 Dr, F. Imhoof-Blumer: ' Etchings - the value of which I not only in no way underestimate - value, but in some respects place it higher than most of the previous products of collotype printing, — from For obvious reasons it will simply never be possible. The understanding of these views and the most extensive practical promotion of this applies almost everywhere I am pleased to be able to acknowledge them here. 1 The coins with Corinthian types. The oldest in origin and in ours Collections on richest represented genus akarna- The silver coins are mixed with the Corinthian coins. cal types: Pallaskopf') and Pegasus; the one with 9 They are in the Corinthian coinages referred to number of their varieties only a little later. The up to the Recently prevailing erroneous views about the local distribution of silver stater coinage based on the Corinthian model, cause me to enter here leading the currently known mints of such coins to note: 1) The helmeted head vindieired Fr. Lenormant (Revue numismat. 1866, pp. 73-77), — and Ernst Curtius agrees with him (Hermes, X, p. 243, note 1), — the acrocorinthian aphro- dite, because this Pausanias described as armed. Like that However, later coins of Corinth consistently teach that this was the case the armament the castle goddess only belongs to Urania. symbols of the shield in which Aphrodite appears to be portrayed. seems to be gelling. - As it is now, it was certainly the same in ancient times helmeted head of the coins in question as that of the Athena was taken.

Mint-signatures of Acarnania and neighbouring regions. The Greek legends below are transcribed from the original (shown at left); only Imhoof-Blumer’s German connective text is translated.

a) In Acarnania:

• Alyzia, with Α, Λ, ΑΛΥ, ΑΛΥΖΑΙΩΝ.
• Anaktorion, with Ϝ, ϟ, Μ, Α, ΑΝ, ΑΝΑ, ΑΝΑΚΤ, ΑΝΑΚΤΟΡΙΩΝ and ΑΝΑΚΤΟΡΙΕΩΝ.
• Argos Amphilochikon, with Α, ΑΡ, ΑΡΓΕΙ, ΑΡΓΕΙΩΝ, ΑΡΓΕΩΝ and ΑΡΓΙΩΝ; as well as with ΑΜ, ΑΜΦ, ΑΜΦΙ, ΑΜΦΙΑ, ΑΜΦΙΛΟ and ΑΜΦΙΛΟΧΩΝ.
• Astakos, with ΑΣ.
• ?Herakleia, with ΗΡ, only on fractional coins.
• ?Koronta, with Κ.
• Leukas, with Λ, Α, ΛΕ, ΛΕΥ, ΛΕΥΚΑΔΙ and ΛΕΥΚΑΔΙΩΝ.
• Metropolis, with Μ and Μ.
• ?Palairos, with ΠΑ (ΠΑΛΑΙΡ), only on fractional coins.
• ?Phytia, with Φ, only on fractional coins.
• Thyrreion, with Θ, ΘΥ, ΘΥΡ and ΘΥΡΡ.
• Federal coinage, with ΑΚ, struck at Leukas.

b) In Corcyra,

with Κ, Ϟ, Κ and ΚΟΡ.

c) In Epeiros:

• Ambrakia, with Α, Λ, ΑΜ, ΑΜΠ, ΑΜΠΡΑ, ΑΜΠΡΑΚΙ, ΑΜΠΡΑΚΙΩΤΑΝ, ΑΜΠΡΑΚΙΩΤΑΝ and ΑΜΒΡΑΚΙΩΤΑΝ.
• Federal coinage, with ΑΠ (ΑΠΕΙ) and Α (probably for Ambrakia).

d) In Illyria:

• Apollonia, with ΑΠΟΛ.
• Epidamnos, with Ρ; and the equivalent ²⁾
• Dyrrachion, with Δ, ΔΥΡ, ΔΥΡΑ, ΔΥΡΡΑΧΙΩΝ.

²⁾ Royal Library in Turin; Lagoy, Mélanges de numismatique, 1845, p. 19, pl. II, 3.

6 Dr. F. Imhoof-Blumer: e) In Sielien: Eryx, with “Year 3) Leontinoi, with AEONTINON. Syracuse, with ZYPAKOZION:, and ZYPA KOZINN. | f) In Bruttia: Lokroi Epizephyrioi, with &, AO, AOK and AOKPNN. Mesma, with M and M$5) 3) The inscription at Millingen (Ancient coins, plate I, 16) pictured and now in the J. P. Six collection. Staters has been misread and reproduced. The same ones Characters return to small ones Sicilian silver coins, with female head and bull, again. (Museum Palermo and m. S.) In the Archivo Storico Sieiliano, Anno I°, the inscription is from Salinas been explained as the Phoenician name of the city of Eryx. 4) My Collection and J.P. Six; Leake, Num. Hell. p. 74, 1. 5) 1. AA 23/21 mm., size. 8-27. — Pallas's head, to the left. BML. Pegasus flying to the left. Vienna. 2. AR 21 mm., size. 8-63. — Pallas's head, to the left; underneath M and a dot next to it. BP ME: Pegasus, to the left; apparently identical Stamp, like No.1. Brit. museum; — m, S. Grm. 8:57. 3. /A 23 mm., size. 8:55. — Pallas's head, to the left; underneath M and period. iv Pegasos, left-facing, without letter. M.S. — J.P. Six, Grm, 8:68. So little stylistic similarity these staters have with anything one of the Akarnans, it is so strikingly large with certain Pegasosstaters of the Epizephyrian Locrians, especially with those which, in an analogous manner, only have a monogram, A

The coins of Acarnania. 7 Rhegion, with Fl. ®) TerinaN withiEs?) wear, but also with the equally raw pieces that come with the full inscription AOKPNLN and the epithets des lightning and the caduceus, or even without these, provided are. An allocation of these coins to Medeon in Akar- So nanien is out of the question; there has to be a place in Unter- Italy are wanted, and preferably one like this Locrian area, or near it. The little we have of Medma's or Mesma’s know the former circumstances, er- now seems quite suitable to have the initials M and VE on them to interpret city names, and this attribution can be all the more confident- be suggested more clearly than two others that neglect the Lokrians. bared cities, Rhegion and Terina, also temporarily such Stater seems to have influenced it. Metaponto can probably do it here out of the question: its history offers no clues points for that. 6) AA 22 mm., size. 8:30. — Pallas's head to the left; behind that same a lyre. BP Fl under the Pegasos flying to the left. M.S. — Brit. Museum, Grm. 8-43, with other stamps Not because I happened to be there during my stay in Reggio I bought this stater there, I attribute it to the old Rhe- gion, but because its character is undoubtedly Italian or bears a sielic character. — Factory and style are those of completely similar to the beautiful Locrian stater, — and because that Monogram MÄ resolves most naturally into PHY:>v, on the contrary sentences about the characters HP and KP, woehehe usually for the name Heraclea. The symbol of the lyre speaks precisely if for the predominant with Apollonian types and symbols formative city of Rhegion. ?), IR 22 mm., size. 8:53, — Pallas's head, to the right; behind the- same 'E. B Pegasus flying to the right in a concave field. M.S. This coin, along with the one above with Fl at Bought from a goldsmith in Reggio, according to their factory

Nope 8 Dr. F. Imhoof-Blumer: From the above compilation s) goes into convincingly out, that the embossing the Pegasosstater, outside Corinth, on the one hand in Sieilien and Bruttia, on the other hand in Acarnania, Epeiros and Nlyria was localized, that is, exclusively in the opposite direction those who are under Corinthian or Syracuse- were or mostly had been under African influence. In contrast, then, to the view that has recently taken place 'nor Ernst Curtius in its extremely rich “Studies on the history of Corinth” represented »). My observations have been with me for a long time 10). if certainly bruttic or sieilic. With certain statesmen of Syria kus and the Lokrians share the peculiarity that the page with the image of the head of Pallas flat or slightly curved, the one with the depiction of Pegasus is slightly eoncav. — The Confession in front of coins with Corinthian types after Rhegion, Terina. and Mesma is new; but she can for this completed The area to which the Lokrians belonged is hardly strange. A lot Stranger phenomenon than this is the occurrence of Pegasos coins with Punic writing. { 8) The small silver coins, usually with a female head and Pegasus as types, are, with the exception of a few, unconsidered. remained visible because it is not the case for the majority of them, the monograms and individual letters on place names to relate. The bulk of these coins will probably go to Corinth. come. Leicester-Warren (Greek federal coinage, pp. 47, 48). those of those characters derived attributions Cousinery's already put in the right light. ») Hermes, X, pp. 240-243; cf. A. v. Sallet, magazine for nu- mismatik, III, pp. 409, 410, and R. Weil in Bursian’s annual report for antiquity, IV,_ third section, pp. 444, 445, which Agree with Curtius. 10) Cf. my “Boeotia, Anaktorion, Argos, Lepsimandos” in Huber's Num. Zeitschrift III, 1871, pp. 388-391 and 412, 418 (Sep.- Abdr. pp. 70-73, 94 and 100).