Doctrine of Ancient Coins, vol. 8 — 1798

a) Suppl. III. p. 6.

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KING8 PAITH.IAE

Name:

52?

The intercourse of the Bomans with the Parthians. He mentions the return of this king Iristus Lustinus &), and Mithridates II. with Mi- tbridatc III. confuses what Jani adver- Titus Vaillantius

The head of a bearded king covered with a tiara. X BA2IAEH2. MErAAOT. AP2A- KOT. 0EOIIATOPO2. NIKAT0P02. Sitting as usual. AB III. (Mus. Caes. Pellerin.)

Why does Pellerinia refer to you? inlos 0EOIIATOPO2, and NIKATO- P02, of which it belongs to him, qnod fi- lius fnit patris 0EOT, here qaod Antio- cluoi VII the victory of the rcpres- let it be But for the father's appeal Nem OEOT, the only conjecture of Taillantius is used, but the name N1KATOP02 others were gained by each of the victories

Taillantius in the god, whom to this Ar- sack II gives, reads the title HENIOT, of the Hospital, in the Parthian kings so far unknown. read the similes The name had been AIKAIOT, which suspected KPAT0P02, "he complained about the matter very clearly

smoke:

The king's bearded head was tcctwn with a tiara. I BA2IAEX12. MErAAOT. AP2A- KOT. ATT0KPATOP02. IAOriA- TOP02. Enid> AN0T2. <1>IAEAAH- N02. Purthas sitting, as others. AB III. (Mas. Caes.)

A similar head. t BA2rAEfl2. ME- TAAOT, AP2AKOT. ETEPRETOT EIHANOT2. IAEAAHNOT2. Parthus sedcni AR. III. (Mus. Caes.)

The previous money is given to this Arsac Atto

it is now Frafilichiua').

YOUR A B S A C E S Artabanus II.

Artacia TH. father His guilt clear memory, nor certain gods. In in the war against Scyllas Thogarios from the vul- it will spin.

ARSACES 9 Mithridates II.

Arsacs TIII. children, cai things done To give the great nickname to the witness Justin. With L. Salla, who was to be restored in Cap- the cause of Ariobarzanus in Asia he was sent, he acted through Jegatus, first this

a) Reg. n

b) L. 42 c

they were seen to be pressed, then high- rum IA0nAT0P02, qood test lu- •tino <=) with the Scythians some prosperous ties fought, and avenged the injury of his parents tnm was Hajmii adprohat jodicinm Pellerinius, who also lived on the other side the titnlis dirersuro recalls here. to be done terat, that here Arsaces Avrongaro^og no- men arccsseret the rivalry of Tryphon of the king of Syria in the same country, but also of the gods

similar m earlier times would be re-

to be drawn

According to Taillantlam here Arsaces IX.

he was the first who gave himself the name of Magn

He brought the money given to the boys. But show

we say, already Arsace II. I am proud of him.

He gave the same coin to Arsacius IX, which

we are the Arsacs.

c) L. 42 c. 2-

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525

KING OF FARTHIA

AR9ACES X. Yaillantio Mnascires.

, who was about to leave, riei will go completely uncertain. At base Vaillan I would reduce the anxiety of those who dam, he who fills the void, compels this, who called the King of Lncianoa Parlhorn lat, and Tixiase 96 years. ■). Red Moon cianna does not add the time that he reigned Tit, is he so uncertain, and nomad which Vaillanttus hnic eaae Hnasoiri pre- before Tult.

CHAPTER XI. HEALING

His name was not unknown to barbarians I will tear them away, but I will proclaim them to Tarie, aen indigoration,. in the age of bookkeeping. It is written in Latin, in my edi- tione vorrupHoa 2itaSeo*^KS b), Phle- gonti ZiMer^iWW c), AppianoSjrr^ixj;; d), but in the nnmo fertnr of Sutareontis, this Par- At that time Lucullus ruled when Mithridates and Tigranes went to war, he died in the war Caesar had a son Phraates rites of the year 87 , he had reigned nnnos 7 These are from the cited hnctoribni holding firm But they are uncertain, what Taillantia of their race and fortune he remembers it when he was crushed.

Name:

Protome of the king's modestly bearded dia- undressed X BA2IAEU2. 2ANA- TPOIK - - MErAAOT. AP2AKOT. ©K0IIAT0P02. ETEPRETOT par*

tkus descending as usual. AB IU (Pel- read.)

Protome like X BA2IAEX12. METAAOT AP2AKOT. eEOITA- T0F02. ETEPRETOT The same type. AB III. (Moi. Caes.)

Protome like X RA2IAEU2. AP2AKOT. Ennl'AN0T2. 6EOIIA- T0P02. ETEPRETOT The same type. AR. III. (VaiU.)

Tnltns itcm in numis II. and III. yes He tells the same king, but also the Sanatroecs unless it is an adder.

ABSTRACTS XU. Phrates 211

Arsacs XI. son, nt just said. Finally, the letter given, which exists intact m fragments of Sallust, in the war society Hhhrtdates will go to dinner to draw them Ponticus, and tried the same for himself Lucius, soon Pompeius M. Hnic is in- he provided a better one, that the king qni- detn, and you do not call yourself the king of the kingdom set •). He also gave him a nickname of God, testifies Phlegon, quoting below. fi- He despises Hithridates and Orodes.

He gives his name

Protome of the king's modestly bearded god undressed X BA2IAEX12. BAZIAEilN. AP2AKOT. MErAAOT. AIKAIOT 0 ETnATOP02. 4>IAEAAH- N02. Parthus sitting. In others: BA-

210£12. METAAOT enters:

KAI. IAEAAHN02. AR. III. (Vail. Mn. You kill.) Title B A2IAE&2.BA2IAEQN., et

a) in M»crobii. b) i L. 37 f. 6.

Macrobius c) app. photo cotf. 97. d) belL Mithr. •) God

Higitized by CjOOOlC

KING OF FARTHIA

©ROT, who con- it stands, as we said, belonging to Vaillatia, but he would judge this one.

Pellerinius refers to the same, no and he will go to Caesarea: BA2IAE&2. BA2IAEJ1N. AP2AKOT. AIKAIOT He will shrivel up. KAT. IAEAAHN02, •ed iniirma aane eonjectnra.

ARSACES XIII. Mithridates III.

12 Arsacs daughters "On account of his own." I control the erndelity of pnlsni, soon Babj- kine obieiana captaaqne from the brother Orode

52$

toninxn's entry into Parthia, when alt- qnamdin Telut closed the ends of the network He had prepared to suffer some things, from the end of his life he went out JThirdity intruding upon him \i- this battle forces him to flee into Syria but when he did not cease to stab at the noses, Tiridates, summoned from Syria, is driven on a throne, but with difficulty resisted the aid of the Scythians safe Agnstum V.C. 784. in Sytia

kill no. Whom the name of Taillantitus pnlarium snspect he would drink. At the extremes

Etc. Tocat, the king is uncertain,

ARSACK XIY. Orodes*

Arsacs XII.- Filings, his brother killed He goes to the kingdom. A large exercise destroys by internalisation. Srriam Bomanit The praetor sent him his son Pacorn. and whom Cassius represses. By Labie- nnum of the IHyris metn to the Parthians flight, adding again to the son of Pacor Syria, Palestine f Pheenien, Cl> to rule here, and part of Asia, but to- rnmqne P. Ventidiaa praelto sustenance in- he is afraid The king was slain with grief and was driven mad the disease fell, and the administration of the kingdom entrusted to the son of Phraates in this infamous jussn parricide kills

To him 1 Vaillantio nnmos iocerta legc tribulator

rcgni years broke the path of Bomsnis eoncord, but not long after repair ta C. Caesare Agrippa F. metom ex Ticino to show off. By his son Phratus sns is a notorious crime, and he himself is in it I squeezed my father

1) The head of the king modestly bearded diademed I BA2IAEI12* BA2I- AXIN. AP2AKOT. ETEPRETOT AIKAIOT Em*AN0T2. <1>IAEA- AHN02. A woman standing with a towering head s. cornucopiae, d. palm branch he offers to the seated, in bno: 3ANTI and 112 AB I. (Sestini Lettere T. II. p, 63.)

a) Protome of the king's carpet modestly bar*

a whip crowned with curly hair. X BA-

2lAEil2. BA21AE1XN. AP2AKDT.

ETEPrETDT. EmANDT2. <1>I-

AEAAHND2. A woman standing *. coma

and a palm branch to the king sitting of-

As if he were to rule 30 brothers. cae- fert, iri imo: T. MHND2. TDPniAI-

» therefore he sends his father to the underworld. M. An- D"T. AB. (Vaill. Arsse. imper, pag. 6.)

{Tol. ///.) X x x

ABSTRACTS 15 Phraates IF.

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530

THE HEGES OF FARTHIA

But Btrthelemras confesses, in this matter, What is new in the regional museum? tensas T. MHNQ2 paruin be inten- . gras^et for these more likely to be read AlKainT. ■), that TiJetur coniitmare similar to the numbers of Pellerini b;.

3) Eadetn adverse. 10 The same Eph graph Pallas standing s. spear crown he offers to the sitting king; at least: AHD, MH-

MD2. rapniAiciT ar. r. (Vaiii.

1. c. p. 8.) But Barthelemya for AIID legendnm eenset AI12 and let it be a year aerao Parthica a8i c), but which Bar- Thelemy's selection seems suspect to Pelle- kidney d).

4) The same advkrsa. X BA2IAEJ22. BA2rAEXlN.AI2AKaT.ETEirE — AIKAIOT Eni+ANaT2. +IAEA- AHN U2. A woman standing protected by an eapite s, cornucopia, d. palm branch to the king icdenti offcrt^ in area EII2, in the bottom TI IEP AR. L (Mas. Caes.) Annnm Fr6- he reads the lichios differently, so as to say infra. In similar author of the Catalog of the d'Ennery museum git: AnETITEPBEPETOT «). divide denda haiid doubt -that tox, to be read- that: AIT5, namely the year of the era A8i, et TflEPBEPETOT, that for TflEP- BEPETAIOT, which is the name of the month.

H)_ The same reverse. X The same epigraph jthe. Pallas standing s, i-staff, d. palm trees a branch of the sitting king offbrL, inarea year .fIT2 and letters 2A. AR. L (Mus.Caes.) 6) The same reverse. X BA21AEI2X BA2rAEilN. 1I2AK0T. ITEirE- TOT AIKAIOT TII. EITI+NO +1- AEAAN0T2. Mutier with his head covered standing s, cornucopiae, d. the king's crown

he extends to the seated, at the bottom: MHNO- IV- AT. and annas ZH.2 AR. I. (Pellerin Letters p. 68.)

7) The same reverse. X Similar cpigrO~ phe. Muiier standing s, cornucopiae, d. co- rona/n offers to the seated king, at the bottom: IIE- PlTia and, apparently, anmts Hn2. AR. I. (Mas. Caes.)

8) The same reverse. X BA2TAE - - BA2IAEJ2N. AI2AKOT. ETTETTE AJKArOT - niI-

AHAAHN02 02. ATAN

Mutier standing s. eomueopiae d. two spikes to the king sitting offcrt, in the field year Aq2. AB I. (Pellerin's Letters p. 68.)

q) Eademadvcrsa X BA2LAEX22-- 2AKOT. ETERRETOT. AIKAIOT EITl+ANOT.-- EAAHNO- Parthue a seated person displays an inverted bow, on the floor year AlT at the bottom of the month - AI2IOT. (that is: AAI2I0T.) AR. I. (Barthelem/ B. L. T. 32 p. 678.)

10) The same reverse. 10 BACTEI2 - BACIAEI2N MErAAOT. ATCAKOT ATKAIOT En. Enicl)ANOT2 - - - AEAAHN A woman standing in a protective suit cornucopiae, d. the crown of the king who was seated offers * at the bottom ATATNAT AR. I. (Pel- lerin Rois et Lettres p, 68.) In another: AAI (e.g. mcnsis Aa/criis Catal. d'En- nery.) In another : AIOT. In other words: p

») B.L.T.XXXU p-677. e) p.li.

b) Rois.

cX L c. p. 677. 678. d) Letters p. What

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KING OF FARTHIA

531

• obviie , and AilOT Lous of the month of Ma-

NumoB resembled to himself the familiar Vaillan- tins of Arsacius I. and II. had given And pull title and abundance and faith noa com- We already see that others are asking, and we have and on both sides more certain others, whom I india- we see Vaillantiua noted in his epo- For many years he did not see what they could have done to teach error. I am against him Fhraati IV. gives a drachma, as we already know enough it seems that his will certainly not go. Once upon a time He gives names to each genus Mithrtdati III, ■), seriously suont himself er- Rorera is professional b).

Here I wrote down a tetradrachm of treatment therefore, in order not to make any mistake, qaod to the intervening years, then to the form of letters, in these gods the light belongs to him, of which the individual let us do more distinctly after the horns of the kings nnumos Just a few things to in- the same writings, e.t explained nent, at this point they are to be considered.

Gum coin 4 FrSlichini would eat The year of the war was mentioned in the night area is clearly expressed epoch AA-2 in the year a35 c). strange of course to be attended by a learned man, when no- mns, whom I drool before my eyes, literary he offers the first, not A, but the transparent £. And it was true that Frolichius had seen E, that it clearly appears that the year AA2 not, as he had covered, he returned a3i, but 935. Erg» the element A for € typo- Theta's fault crept in, which then erred* rera Frolichius, since I do not have enough attention he would notice in his later writings

He propagated it to all, and to other learned men He was the author of propagandizing the ejas. Istnd when Bartholomew was ignorant, and not in nnumero Gre&gce, aed Arabic anepicater, to be read eise a3i pota- live d). Necessary element How transparent A is, but not 2 can be considered equally. Therefore, when mua bic by facial features, titles and all the rest he will certainly give Phraates IV. , it is evident that it is also prescriptive this Parthian era calculus, element tnm II not of Esae A, but of II. Why is the whole number without two reading bio €112

In Nurai V. I also announce the idra Frolicius etvoris. provided a cautious you love UUos is koaism bia dedh for the first time, the right to operate the Kings vert. numif Mata anecdotes tab. J... n. to., then m JSotitiu elementary Tab. XIV- n. f>. Vtro biqne except certain aCrae year $-112 he expressed another, as if reading batur, EAP, td esl: lbi , or 3AP, id ett: 137. Nevertheless, they doubt about with this lesson he does not hide, for sio said the page 5y of the former work : But in the night - in addition, there are letters in the middle area, I think: SAP But P doubted, and K vei A, when he was fleeing the learned Rei- noldnm Forsternm English, ndemqne Frolichian iconism - they had all double tn this nnrao era Partbtcam He recognized that the veteran fYMS leader return from the year 5. C. 340. , the other SAP from in the year 498, he teaches various arguments menla hiatorium of the kings Parthornm, nu- illumining the mosque, which see Volumi-* ne IIL work : archeology pubtished

a) Rois p.149 b) Leitrss p.flj c) Reg. tct. numi p.57

d) B. L. T. 32 p. 6:8

X X X 3

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532

B. EGES OF PARTHIA

by the toeiety ef Antiqumrie* of Lon- N02. Partmtu tcdcns. AB UL (Mua.

don pag. t5o. But I am angry with him here coatt- Cms.) /

you let me not pass that, I said, - That is the cry of the dreifama

eabiara eue lectioaetn tpM Frolichies etri to be carried elsewhere, tn anusee Caesareo eJb-

jH-oJucmr, to testify ipM possttm, preteu-. wndmt. 1'braU IV. he gives it to PeUo

■»• letters EAP, yel HAP or else not eue, than 2A in these Parthians nnmi* obrinm

In verses 5 and 9 occumnt AIKAI- OTIIL et AlKAIOTEFL io »amo TIIL £ni«l>. AI<1>AN0T2. hard work bit, who wants to be enlightened thence . to cast out, when they say something else, as testtmoninm lacnlenmm, Greeks in the barbarian sea, he held the country of bronze elegance, and a great deal of luster the laws of the neta dedidicUa, with which I am argu menfo solo ease ycrbosior, qaod iatud Pellerinina already commanded *). Addition III.

riniata b), nou tani pvopter eeadem ti- lulot, qnoa in soon "itati", and certain of the king's tetradrachms vidf mns, how prepler capricornus We have said that lia iigts stick to the neck. Fa- the king established the clum iatnd. therefore, qnod is leste hiatoria Augustus obscr- had seen, whose signou genethliacam fois- ae eapricornum cosatal Why, he argues, Eeeeri omaes, qni bis «vnt similar, etat the capricorns are away, they are the sons of the king. Verum preato snnt, qnM ugeniosan but they obstruct their doctrine. first mnm in oertts Phraatis IV. tetradrachm and HIM. snperlna snnt esordia Mqnenlt» mis barba cultn simpliiee, nnllo addnt-

Eni«l»ANOTX

• •

Protome eapite diademato-, so bar*

ba, how many others are forced into a lock,

in some way the animal

that PeiUrinius eaprieornut vitus, in

tn depends on the arrangement, m\ in dracbmia, He did not talk about any people, what in what eucinnoa diriditnr. Not really enough I find canses, but now the king is in names others would prefer another head of fashion. Then the animal, qaod is capricenram to others the head of a star is one, to others two, he thinks with the addition of a horn, to others

and a lunula, or only a lunula, in others the birds sing, which rattle the crown tightens X BA2IABH2. BA2LAEON. AP2AKOT. ETEPRETOT AIKAIOT EIIia>ANOT2. «WAEAAHN02. Par. thut tcdent d. an inverted bow protrudes, across the area of various beaches, mo- nogrammata, often an anchor. AR. III. (Mas. Caes.)

But he was afraid. X BA2IAEA2. MErAAOT. AP2AKOT. ETEPrE- TOT ElIIANOT2. OHAEAAH-

tina prefers the appearance of an animal, aorgcn- from a beautiful body with bright wings, and which Pellerius saw in Corncopia snt. I would say Gryphura, except in oblon- gam, and he would lose his thin tail, but than both the griffin and the capricorn ciant no. They are told in a mute Caesar twenty-six and more tnal form siatnnt At what ma\i- let him go in that age the most complete and ele- gantiasimoa from eornnt genera, qnos Pet-

) Letters p.68- seq. b) SuppLIII p.

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HEGES PA.HTHIAE

lerioias Araaci VI he is thrown, who is an animal the king's neck Augati age loage preavectencia. And- go throw it away then he will signify obedience to Auguitus. H«M therefore I greatly oppose it, if any one nnmos simiie» ad aiium Tolet Arsacem deriya- re v. unless perhaps the titles inculcate religion the same, with whom Fbraatem IV. nasm eerto but to whom also the king. to use another can See also, what kind of performance in Arsace XVIII. I will note

AHSACES XVI. Phraalacas.

Yix reignnm deKbavit, suia proptee nccatnm father infeuaua removed from the middle tar V. C. 757.

AHSACEXXVn. Orodetll

Uncertain, by which father he was born to the kingdom of Farthia but by reason of the wickedness of the poaC He killed the peaceful men.

ARSACES XVIII. Voltones L

Phraates IV. son, Rome, nbi com- He had been holding the hostage for several years, te Auguitus summoned to the kingdom goes, but The Parthian Bomans did not stay in the king's house bearing the indictment of another king, he is cast out.

Vaillantius gives him a drachma from earnm genera, which in the fatherPhraatelY I recited, and sent the bird to the king's head flying, he says what an eagle, and that then the insignia of the empire to testify that he received the kingdom from the Romans retnr, qaod himself inconsolable I will see at aaoa he will increase Istod %\ je-

rum, again something fell eonjcctwM Pelierinii, sinulea riraehwat PhxeatilY. three here

AHSACES 19 Arlaban III.

Through his mother from the race of the Araacids Vonon's hatred to the kingdom of Tocatus* and a Tiditate, qucm Bomae detsmtu Tibe- the prince had indulged the petitioners of Farthi*, pul- aua, again from the unstable popnlo rcstiloi» tnr. I entered Ifeopotamia with an army ans from L. Vitellius of Syria, president of Stbi to When the Euphrates was met with so much terror kills, like Augustus and Caligula after obtaining the statues I would give the children as hostages to Varia fortune was driven to the end by nsqne he had reigned 28 years. , dead is under the command of Claudius.

To him Vaillantius gives the dragon code: BA2IAEU2 BA2IAEJ1N. AP2AKOT. AMIMAXOT. ETEP It is covered EIII«l>ANOT2. IAKAAH- N02. Of course there is no certain reason for this is awarded to the gods. Even the title AM- IMAXOT a new thing, and TOcabnlnm unknown to the lexicographers themselves, but I think that the epigraph may be correctly read. Often in that the letters are thus scattered in a kind of dragons, so that it is easy for one tocabulum to be able to others to elicit meaning, but to warn Taring himself did not intend.

In this place the chronology is described be given the following names:

The king's head was crowned with a round crown roof X BA21AEH2. BA2IAEAN. AP2AK0T. ETEPRETOT AIKAIOT EIII«I>AN0T2. <1>IAEAAHN02. Vi-

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534

THE KING OF PARTHIA

ctoria, or a woman who gave him a cornucopiae To the king I sent a palm branch, he offers piety. Anni et mcntet : TNT. TOP- IIIAI - ANT. TITEPBEPET - ANT. AIIEAAL - ENT. - ZNT. - HNT. — Z3T. — HHT- — 03T. - EOT AB I.

Preclaroa ho* nomoB , et usqne h«- one day all are united, Abba Se- alinus ex iUntri muieo Ainslieano de- he wrote The interval between TNT and last year's EOT 22 , in which he falls into times first ClandH, bic in poBtfema Nero- »i», dncto, nt infra atatnemua, of the air ezordio from the year 5. C. 443. Are they all the heads of these bad ones of the same ArsaciB, the author neither di- He said, "We are not allowed to ex to throw out a plan of action He gave the oxen. The hand is undoubtedly the same he sees the features in each one, because odv nes nni Araaci XXII Yolagasi I. lnrgi- you are If he really saw it, great our knowledge of the air he is tempted by evil. Because these gods 24 years old sacea quinque, presumably from Arsacexix. until XXI. they will be divided as follows that they all had the same features of the mouth, in the same way the hair is caught It is not probable, and these pre- pna Seslinus cansa has been seen, why of the era The beginning was a decade away, of course to the year 5. C. 453, by which agreement everything these gods can be attributed to the same Vo> lagaai I., whose reign was long agreed

This adhac of the king should be seen neoalll. form cnm annoENT what I fall in bronze with the hearts of the kings of Partbia

ARSACE8XX. GOTAHZE8.

They were crowded 3. son The brothers Bardani He gives up the kingdom, I will kill that goat again and again going to go

I was drunk

Head of regh barbalus diademed. X BACAIE - - AP TOCKCKA.

AOTncNoa roTepzH. fit

NOT Parthus sitting on the floor pretentious AR. III.

This coin from Barthelemy, while He would explore Italy, discover and acqnisi- tnm written to cl. A patient letter Eduardo Corsinus's plans were drawn to him his fast, After much of the Gotar- zia regno, and various writers psibua would be prefatuB, so deniqne na- I think the epigraph should read: BACIAGTC rOTHPZHC. BAPAA NOT TIOC KAI. KAAOTMENOT. They did not fit. King GiHarzes Barda nis JUiut also called .Artabani *). don't I do not see this epigraph to completely depart from that which hitherto all the names of the kings of Parthia are inscribed vidinius Henceforth, in all these things goddess, who divided the scripture into four parts They offer both sides, let the eptgraphe occibe ab Aquiloue, hither to the east

DigitizecbyGoOglC

THE KING OF PARTHIA

535

binc to the south, and ends in the west, . qaeaat, the salius is forced to move neta unusual snbsidi call. Finally if today's writing were anywhere whether healthy and clean the mouse then perhaps pretentiously unfolded to admit But again, confessing the Korai himself no, and the god iconism, I speak, vanished what are the scales, and what are they exaggerating, in part barbarous and ancient, so that the inscription a Corsino's enunciated magic may be seen mo eradilae conjectnrae, qoam ipsiai nami of course to Burdan he had another of yours, be ready" than AP letters. Therefore I know about this I think so; to be Gotarzis, no I will deny, that in it read the name TOTEPZH first, and also Barttielemrus, in the numo ae acquired in Italy and proposed put, and noroen Gotarzia ■). But to- cannot be felt, the rest of the letter Corsinus thinks that it should not be read. And again, even that reading proved vi- Barthelemy is given, qnod, cam about this . numo loqaitar, nibil says otherwise, qaam contained in it GotArztt nemen, diaai- The rest of the inscription is wonderful. nor brought in from Corsino» Adrertendom c (now, exslare in the Caeaarco museum male emnino 9 , qoi collati with nu« the same head as the Corainian the rest resemble all worship oflertmt, but the same also completely aver* i.e., in the same way lis, such as the monogram AT with snbject ball, and crackle inside the foot goddess of the Parthians

this letter, even though the barban EIAE&E. nAElAEiiN. A*EANOA. ETEPrETn. AIXAIOT ETlI+A- NOTE +1AEAAHXOE., which, robbery spelling mistakes, the same thing is in the name of Araacia XV. Phraates IV. They are also in the same month aliqaot others in the same way, aed cbaragmate that with the barbarian, not even one. ■ aanam Tocem from the letters loosed to pity you can put it on. Like gods then to be the same as Gotarxis, because they are very similar they say no to Corsiniano, no one is given. It doesn't matter, stay away in two Gotarzis no- Xaen for also in Arsacis XI. currency we say, the name of Sanatroecis in nomo no to be added, to be omitted in other oronibos.

A R 8 A C E S XXI. Bardanes

He was killed by the birds when his brother Go- to be done

From the mind of the Yaillantius the hujoa of the Arsacs drachma inscribed: BA2IAEX12'. BA 2lAEilN. AP2AKOT. ITANAPI2- TOT AIKAIOT ETEPRETOT Eni *AN0T2. IAEAAHN02. Numa I recited it, not that it was the end of this I think that he is a king, but not to diss mulenrnonduro ex namis cogninm titn- lam F1ANAPI2TOT, by far the best, and- if perhaps the reading is misleading, I will also qaaro paollo above in the unusual title AMI- I suspected MAXOT. If the lesson is true Horellii, from Qao Taillantias I name this he said, he will perhaps be the 25th of the Arsacs. choa- kings He agrees, Trajanus, with great terror war has been waged against him, to your names that he had given the name of Aerius, the Best, and Fort

■) B. L. T. 32 p.fl82.

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KING OF PATHIA

Eastern Greeks, nt Gboiroen enemy let them show the superior, give him the name to put on a firmer Hcaa&r<<

AHSACEXXII Vononetll.

In a little time, and in the kingdom of the king in charge

A tribute to him from Vaillant : BA- 2IAEI12. MElAAOT. AP2AKOT.' ETEPRETOT MITPAHTOT Eni «I>ANOT2. not conveniently gra- cis&at. The heart of Toluisse is laughed at to fix Frolichioa, cumeoloco, qao re- gam titnlos mentions, has MI- 6PAET0T, toli coaevi *) that utmra from the warning of Tero I don't know what he did with his wits. Vaillan- your unusual all the cattle titalos AM»I>I- MAXOT, nANAP!2T0T, MlTPA- HTOT recites from the Merellian collection, And all, to my surprise, are missing in gauze Provide these drachmas to Caeaarea,

CHAPTER XXII Volagases I

Vonon II son Occa Armenia pat, which he allows to his brother Tiridates. Nero Domitius Cornelius in the East he sends him, who sent the king to compliance would reTOcaret. Is Tiridates pol- - so Tigranes Archelaus of Cappadocia re-

gia, the grandson of the king of Armenia. Scd Volagase with the armies of Armenia with a step "flying from Syria he forces Corbulus The trembling that invaded the kingdom again and again rat, diaderoa enro the image of Nero to lay down, and set off for Boma illnd to receive from the emperor mann. He can drink this is the friendship of Aliqaamdia with Bamania he worshiped the VcJagases. Serins irritated, tjod He asked the Alans to come back for help. Vespasianus gaaset, to raze Syria it is rare, but it is shown tato arms metn by the praead of Sriae Trajano Trajani Ang. father, to pro- babimns in nnmis Trajani to nnnm V. C. 867. Itortnas was seen ruling Domitian

liumi:

A bearded king's head with a Parthian tiara roof ca. 3E BA2IAE&2. BA2IAE- &N. B0AATA20T. AIKAIOT AND- EPRETOT EniAN0T2 <1>IAEA- AHN02. A towering woman standing beside the king he stretches out the crown of his teeth, now the ear of the year.- HT AB I. (Voil.)

If this is the case here, then Gatur confirms the opinion of Vaillantius, the beginning of the Parthian era from the year 5. C. 408 repeating; and the same is clearly mistaken the other, which I follow rentem ejas principiaa ad annnmm V- C 443. Nom, if the latter will be valid, year HT falls in year V. C. 749, in which year it was not Volagases, but Phraates IV. Prefect of Parthia.' This stone at umovercnt alterina aententiaB patro- neither, nor let it be known,

a) Not clem. p. 124-

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KING OF PATHIA

531

around the year 740 that they had risen in Parthia, or something I would have liked more, no epigrapben in dnbinm TOCant Of course Taillanlius enm he does not laugh himself, but from the collection of Mo- Relliana will return. A few yera of these the cited dod admit that they are faithful, from the immediately preceding events, though I picked it up. Tide, which is against them Bartholomew gives full credit to God myaa ").

Fredlichius Tolagasis L nnmnm enm in the year AAT quotes from Taillantio b), but which is not to be found in this work really Aenemn, which is for a year AOT of this king, yide below in the courts of kings. Parlhia.

ARSACES 21 Pacorus

Tolagasis I. lilius. Regnaase with snb Domitian, and Trajan, Taillantius ex Martial, and Pliny the younger. whale his rum was dark.

A drachma is given to him by Taillantius nnl- in a certain way; another bronze item pter inseriptnm year ENT, but who the second night of the Parthian era Arsacia 19th century, I said mns.

ARSACES 200 Ckotroes

And this son of Tolagasis I., Exedarem, who to his father Tiridates in the kingdom of Armenia he had succeeded to the throne of the Roman juconsults he casts down the indictment of Parthamasiri's brother Pa- son of the heart Therefore Trajan ends the im-

He perished in the said war in 667 B.C he went to the East in Partbamasirius, he forced Armenia to retire, and was then captured Parthia Parlhamaspatem for Chosroes He creates a king, which is all in money Trajani will be told more abundantly. Then died a little after Trajan, when Ha- Drianus all across the Euphrates he would throw off the garrisons Cbosroea returned to the kingdom again He began his friendship with the llomans. In what year he died, uncertain. From iii. what we will discuss about the Parthian era, re- He died in a similar way before the year B.C. 875

A bronze coin inscribed with Taillantius attributes the AOT to Chosroi, but what is according to our calculation Vola- gos 1

ARSACES XXI. TOLAGASES II.

son of Chosroia. Antoninus Pius to im- I set up a golden crown and sent it, as it is said in bnjus numis to the year T. C. 80,2. The remainder is uncertain. He reigned tem from the year T. C. 875 Qsqne 902 , ul it was immediately clear.

Riimi:

Protome with bearded head, and tidra le~ so, put X BACIA-- BACIAE--- OAATAC AKAIOT.Em+ANOT-- JAEAAHN - A woman towered over the old king He holds out his crown to the wearer, and nods on the ground TAT, at the bottom of the month IIEPIT - - AB. I. (Pellerin Suppl. 111. p. 10.)

«) B.L.T. 32 p. 675 (Voi. JUI.)

h'j Reg. ret. uumi p. 74.

*yy

Google

538 KINGS OF PARTHIA.

Another with the year HMT. AB L (Ci- quod Antoninus Pius Tixit; this V. €.

Utar «Barthelenryo ex Longuerne.) .914 dead, cam Armeniae cau&a Orien-

.. Atiut with the year ANT AB I. (Vail-tem would disturb, a L. Tero Aug. arms pe-

lant, but from which Tolagasi -III. triboi- titas, et mdllia aaTectus cladifau» otriqne

tar.) Augustus of the Armenians, -Vedici, Parthici

Reverse the same, put the head Y. X BA« The greatest titles_pep*rit. He reigned from T.

SIA AATACO AIKAIO - - III- C. 903 at least wqoe .$33, ot docent nu-

+ANOTC - - - AAHN - - Same type, my. Bpjns mentions Volagasis several times

in the area the year FNT lies at the bottom AlIEAAia. AR. I. (Pellerin 1. c.)

Earlier, but with the year ANT, and ats- that month AR. I. (Theopolis p. laaa.)

Reverse the same, put the head A. I B A- DAEilC. BACIAEilN. APCAKOT

Dio aub Caracalla ■), but in what year did he die tnns be it, he does not add.

'Taillantins Arsace 27 he does I knew someone from God tnm, and him Vologasia II. snccessorero But they ordered H. Tolagasi to withdraw

BOATACOT AIKAIOT EIIWA- Tolagasem IH., nt eontinoo docebitor. NOTC. The same type, in the area of the year This has been established, everything that a 3 T. AB I. (Pelterin 1. c.) Monnese, whom he had entered into Parthia,

.Prinms Volagasis II numas 0~ffert s patraU no scriptomm veilera att- annnm TAT, 433, qni secondum no-ctoritate adseruil De Honnesis namo the first calculus from T. C. 875. Adrersatnr this sentence Taillanlias, nliiqae hysteria of the Arsaidas -acriptorea, In this year Chosreea reigned adhoc they think But the cans of the modern sen- I will set forth below the tenets of this era exaroine It is certain, in all these things oomis that the head of the front should be completely It is so necessary that all should be united .the king Therefore, it is certain that the teacher -bns these names, Tolagase II. to have reigned at least from the year B.C. 875. naqne ad ooa, which was completed from the year HT namt - the last But he soon reigned in the year qo3

Xium:

Protome rules the promised beard, ca» put a crown on the roof, B. 10 BADAE ATATJOT EIH+ANOTC -IAEAAH- NIGHT Parthus standing, (in etios no the following rums: Mutier tower stantj He offers a laurel to the seated king, in the field said AST. AB L (Pollerius Soppl. III. p. io>)

Another is afraid, but then annS AHT,

Vqlagasem III. , from the legentiba* pate* below the mind AIIEA A * • AB 1. (Ibid.) Atius timilisy but with the year EET,

and without mind. AH. I. (Ibid.)

Another added in the month AITEAAIOT.

AB C (Catal. d'Ennery.)

Atii similar, ted with fST years.

bit

ax\8aces rsrn. tolagase nL

' ForteWolagaais JI, filing. he cried

.«) L.777..$ I2.no.

Dig,1izecbyG00gIe

THE KING OF PARTHIA

539

© ST. AQT AB, I. (Bartbelemy B. L. T. 32 p. 680.)

Jiliut similis, ted tine year, in the bottom AIOT lies. AR. I. (Wtus. Caes.)

Volagasis IL namm poslremum com in the year ST we had first for you You will fly with ME with the next one AHT. Not to be a woman mum nnias and the same Volagasi*, di- vergence of the mouth tus, and the manner of barley proved, in what crime already pre- Petrarch and B-arthe lemius ■). Nay, cam in the year AQT to this also Volagasi Tribnit Bartheiemyas, com that offers the same catch, that preceding, so qaod resided Hte- rae AA cerlnm Yolagasem do h); This same name was given to Vsrllantius Artaxerxes of the Persians, and must do it, qnia much later in the Parthian era He was born.

Aeneom hnjns of the king with the year EOT see below in Domis accnci» the kingdom of Fex- of these

ABSTRACTS lNCEKTt

divided according to the epoch and the years.

BACIAEIIC - - - I+AN— and eerto in the year A<1>. AB I. (Barthelemy 1. c>

The king's letters are not complicated they flee . Barthelemyas to be the head He had said something similar to him, qaod-est m aamo following

Protome regiibarbata capitc diade*

mat t BACIAEWC. BACIAEOW. APCAF1KOT. MECHAOT - A woman He offers a crown to the tired king, in area annut H<1>. AH, I. (Vaillaut.) The same it is in the museum of Theopolis, but in which it should not be read otherwise, qaam APJSAK. II (page i*ai.)

Numu» hic * a Taillantio editns ') now in the museum of the region, and him Bartholomew resisted in the tabala eitata often added to the dissertation. But ma- there is a good among the iconography of the di- a drawer From the pretensions of Vaillan tio title another non-reader in Barthe* lemyi icon, unless • AOAE • ■ and from re- gis in the name of Solnm AflKO., nt so nothing quite certain of the name AP2AI1K0T, or The hero can be held captive, for what is unusual TOcabalo numus Theapolis sabstitait AP- 2AKop. Read valiantius from the calculus of sni numnm - attributed to the Taste of Perta, but ex our eomputa, to cut off some old man H*l> given by Aano V. €■ 44^ eadit in. anuam-gSo, erif Arsacis cajuspianv, who or succeeded Volagas III. ,' or if here too he was alive here, in the kingdom life See the following tem obserTabimns

AHSACES PACORVS

Ptome reigns with the head of a beardless diadem mato, poneb, IBAElAEil-- APCA-- nAKO - - - UCAIO. - - Efl+AN . - EAAH - - MuUer towers stand to the king se- He offers a crown to the teeth, in the area of annut I. AFt. I. (Fellerin Hel. L. p. 147)

No one here in the year '1 * 1 biennium tan->

a) ILcc b) I. c. p. 675 and 680. c) Impcr. Arauc. p.304

Ty y :

^igHizecbyGoOgk

540

THE HEGES OF PATHIA

tnm is different from the previous one H'l» , Md certainly not of one king let it be, which argues the capt in the former libera- Hter barbatom, irt boc beardless, then from in the past neveren Paeori was rintne. that Arsaces and here Pacorns lilies Voyages [II. , who may have succeeded his father re, or others of the race of the Arsacids, re- It does not allow us to define those who are absent. You- Aie Dion *) Yolagasis III. dead linden with his father he perpetuated himself in the wars of the kingdom to trill Pacorum in Parthian history already Tidimna filim Arsaci XIV. Orodis Annni 't>1 according to our calculation falls in the year 5. C. q5a, which was se- the best of the commanding Sereri.

ARSACES

His head is covered with a bearded tiara, put B. X • -•• A woman stands to the king se- He offers a crown of teeth, in the area the year K. AR. I. (Mus. Caes.) .

Nomns advanced through the solnm of the air unknown, for the royal name ex- it is eaten.

ARSACES VOLAGASES/orte IV.

Caputregij, put *B I--- ATA--. ftctoria slans the crown of the seated king carries, in the area AK<1>. AB I. (Barthelemy from the Vatican museum B. L. T. 34 p. 68

Ex residni» Hteris AFA jnre argnk Barthelemyns to which gas belongs. But complain iHnm? It uses the same thing, it can be Vo-

to whom he reigned as an emperor Conveniently. It was U Volagases IH. But Tepognat annns AK*I>, who signs nn- Mnm teaches V. C. qo6, but Dio already ad Annnm mentions the previous one, Yolaga- be the children of the dead for the sake of reigning , in battle b). From what is clear, Vo- I had told him that he had been told by the former. I read elsewhere in Dion c), Caracalla Volagasi Partho intulUse the war, which he Tiridates, and Anttochnm, whom he re- he demanded, he would have to give, Parthnm nicta terrified them back. Fa- ctnra istnd refers Dio to V. C. q68, two years later, which god is here signed is If these are so, we shall have Vo~ lagasem iv perhaps a third daughter. But these things it is sufficient to have indicated; for taedct game in- to dwell in certain din.

ARSACES Bankruptcy XXIX. was busy no IF

From Caracalla the war is demanded, which so Macrinoa, when he stopping to smile oddly, offered peCu- he redeems peace. From Artaxerxes the Persian the Parthians were afraid of the people defeating the last Arsacidarns, regiio in Pems transferred V. C. 979 P.X. oh

Two bronze coins to this Artaba- &o gave Vaillantius ansm of the air cut down the light, but who knows the other king, but it will be said a little below.

* * * Cl. Seslinus from the Atanslian maseo

"issued a tetradrachm with an annuity of AK(I>).

») L. 77 f 12. b) L, LXXVIL^ 5. 12. *) L.LXXVil. 5- 10- 31.

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THE KING OF PARTHIA

541

TK. AK'l'., who followed his own the canon of Arsac, then Artabanus IV. gives •). He did not add the king's bride, sire that he has forgotten, or qnod cmbi- They offer a good lesson.

The Arsaces were indecisive.

Protome of the king's head with beard with a diadem X BA2lAEii2. MF.rA-

AOT APSAKOT HN02. Eni

+ AN0T2. +IAOITATOP02. ETEP It is covered Parthut tire, in the area mo- noogram AR. III. (Mas. Caes*)

Philopator in Arsacc IV. from hiboimna, but vnltns features, et head cnltns in no present diver- sa snnt, qaod atramqne ejns is the way, qaem in the heart, qaos of Arsac XV. given* May, you will be locked.

JSumi of bronze of the kings of Parthia

recorded in Craece, and with the years of the epoch:

A bearded head reigns with a diadem next to the ent. in aiiit; AOT X Veiled head of a woman, turreted, juxta in some cases the letter A. AE III. (Vail. Arsac, imp. p. 3oa. 3««- Mus. You kill.)

A bearded head reigns, and a tiara ctum X Muiier tower tcdent, ,in the area said ITCR AE. IIL (Spanheim. T. L p. 449)

His head is long bearded, and tiara roof, near EOT Chapter 10

Iebre veiled tower, fuxta A. AE III. (Mas. C&ei.)

Numos sfmiles solo head cnltn di- I returned to Edmit Pellerinina, and I reigned over them Persarnm, and Parthian servienlium He threw a net, which threatened his head with a glo- bns, solitns eornm regnm cnltni, et the hair of the Persico was composed in the usual manner. Qnare and Frdlichinm argue, that genns numoi, when the Parthians have nothing Farthius, however, tribnente b). suitable and these cans were seen by me, and me what impnlere, nt nnumos similaires in I would bring a fleet of kings to Persia, in which place you will find them described below, But the man neglected to deal with the slanderers God, who before the proposni, and who from the capital cultn certnm the king of Parthia propose Therefore they are from the Pellerini • of the wicked, who promulgated they were defeated by the Greeks in Persia Gentiles, so the god in this place from me they might be struck by the Greeks in Par- thia commerantibns Why do you think so? the beginning of the Parthian rae from the year 5. C. 443, nnmns, in which is read annm Par- ENT of the Thicus, will be the 19th of the Arsacs. tight bani III., in which the year AOT, Arsacis 23 Volagaais I., in which annni rKT, 25 of Arias Chosrois, in which Annas EOT, Arsacii 27 Volagasis IIL And Tero captures the last god in a similar way it is understood that in certain Volagaais iii. tetradrachms visible See also A few similar ones from Panelio read from the museum Bret edited), fnm and all these col- additional beds with new Ainsliean apnd Session d).

■) The letter T.U. p. 71 b) SuppLHL p. 13. c) Mem. Trev. October 1757. d) Le. p. 75

DiglizecbyGoOgk

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THE KING OF FARTHIA;

JSumi of bronze of the kings of Parthia registered letter

The head of the Sartati king with a diadcma tiara ta tcctum,.pone B, 3E Epigrapke pere- grina Cippus, on which a circle of gran- dior AE. II. III. (Mus. Caes. Pellerio Snppfc III. p. 3a.) Swinton in the barbarian he sees the key type. (Phil. Trans. Thor. 49 p. 5o3.)

Moreover, the head itself and these cnftas adslitutn Ittera B", in Numia Partbicis, nt We were afraid, we were frequently met with, no more monkeys certain Parthians make Epigraph averae, of letters, as Terisimil, of the Parthians , followed by Pellerini. example I gladly leave it to them to explain, The Teteres of the East read report no. Swinton Palmyrene» it may be presented here «■ »•

Pelterinins are silver in the same place maseo Pembroke Ptrte HI. tab. 77. n. 2 he resisted, in which he here captured a certain matter the crown of the Parthians, that is, the Parthian crown, This is a locolent altar, with an epigraph inside Persica sent to the world, the same nem- trying to walk on foot, with whom he is inscribed No. of the Sasanids of the Persians, of whom Ogeians in their currency. It is appropriate throws FeHerinnu, to be this-nnmnm signed by the Persians, but added to the Parthians subjects of this, and accordingly of the Parthian king they capture the insert.

ANIMADTERSIONS

into the whole currency of the kings of Parthia. When I wonder at Ptrtbwe in most-

which differ from other kings of the gods the works of the road, some in them animadTersiones in paragrspbos trflin- to propose, so much for my information in their judgment, qaod' abounds in these cherries Naseum Caesarenm, from which Franciscans I, Aug. Arsacidaram, and the successors of Per- to carry 200 a monk or the Carmelites were brought back from the East He brought in the purchased gauze

■ 5.i- ,

Metal and metal.

The kings of Parthia were almost all gods of silver ' Anreas observed the noad. Aenei very little self Argeniipurhas in drschmis lauta enough, not the same in tetradrachms of , mixed with any rare metal eoqne liberalities, qao Parthise things nearer to destruction than to vice Parlhia reigns in common with most don't do it

Fabricate the first king of dragons comfortable, deineeps thus degenerated, nt understand clearly ctnm into the ancient barbarism. Nimirnm and Greek artittcea, which was captured from Hacedonbrns to bring in the Arles of Persia, and they themselves settled among the barbarous nations they will be wrong, but that barbarism proves not only the crudeness of the painting, but and the epigrapbe of every frequent sense, of which I have already spoken, but I will continue below in the next article. I will go there They work very hard for the Parthians, especially which are of the greatest form, that ma- Ptolemy made the three most important what orb

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- THE KING OF PARTHIA

-543

of you, what we do, we do not pretend to be ignorant of these people, and

all literate receivers are nothing else from the whole of you, than the known monks

Cleanses often daae lantnm ant trea sUlioriorum. nor did they obtain the auspiciousness of the exclntis rolls.

Epigraph

Haeo -in .parle avtrta nnmoram Par- thicornm has a special feature, that pleromqoe lines four perfect qoa- absolutely efficient drays. Literally rae principto concinnae oalis-, temporia The wonderful metamorphoses of grapes have progressed snt. Owing to the viura in fais, it is necessary to see + for tf>, ct Q instead of O, which, however, is not extraneous I will share in ignorance. It is not uncommon to write I for A, E, P, ,_and so nna the same note of five letters it is the tendency of the lot. Yioeas also Q for B, N for K, A for X, X for K or N, ot taeeam abtnrda «lia a menetiriU in the extreme barbarity brought on by the prolapse. Hnlta proio in bia Tocabula abignae lection, and what might be incentioribns Let them deceive those who are insolent in the kingdom to find in them. -Finally, in the end epigrapbe tnrpiter barbara , and defoe- given letters in any random form cougeitis

- Then a ~ Vo)agase II. so much money to you, what brass do you put on the racks I write a single letter of the alphabet. -Be- so far completed A, B, T, and in one A, but all the most frequent B. He thought Taillantios, to be litera a^ainffuc arbis, in which nsmi was signed. It is worth it, - of them

^. UI

"The oars of kings and titles."

partfcici regm was the name of the oonditor Arsacet, cujut apad pestilence was so great Tenure, so that the name is re- _ges steal all They confirm that and the authors, who among them histines *): Thus Arsacet /juaesito simultaneum and the kingdom is not remembered i/ilii Parthi+t quatn Pertis Cyrus, Mae- Alexander gave Romius to the Romans he dies at a ripe old age. Cujut memo the riaes triumvied this honor to the Parthians, as all-from-then he will rule his ARSACIS no- they will call me - --- JSam sieutsupra dc- All his kings were named after him as Roman Caesars, and Augustus co- to name Qnin and the Parthians re- gni sni the founder after the solemn death Ammiannus (b), - et that the magic of Mirnm, they also give birth the successors of Persia from the stock of the Sassanids, scattered around the Arsacidae from the lower Tont said to the ptors, what evidence c»l- reads Fredlicbius c), and Spanhemins d).

"Having Umen Arsac's successors ne- mina-ali in particular, which the writers pro- indeed they had left these things in nothing rara ,' «t comperU until now -Untum Sa~ natroecct, who Arsaces XI, Gotarzes, qni Arsaces XX, Volagases /., who Ar- saces 20m , enmqne equals other dno,

■) L. 41 c.5. b) in Julian. c) Doubt. dc Hinnbari p. ?6- d) T.I. p. 459

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KING OF FARTHIA

or three eJBsiles of Noroini, and about the kingdom Some of the Arsaces of the Parthians came to the end of Pacor. I left all the Arsacs with the same name iu nnmU used a great deal of our art only, for it is easy for you to be participle Siugul kings could be tribes, which no safe in a few, but not absent send private appeals. But for the same evil in the reigns of all Egypt that all the Ptotemaeans, and Pergamum, that Philateers, it is troublesome.

BA2.IAEI12. BASIAEQN as well as Ml'XAAOT snperbi titnli often recnr- they are And the kings of Parthia affected him not only in writing, but also in writing slaves, unworthy of judgment, if born of foreigners They did not deny themselves the truth, which they hated plnra you can see examples apnd Span- hemiam, which is the title of the king of kings The usual apparatus of erosion will be enriched *). But this praise could not be seen as unwarranted tnm, when it was agreed, the kings of Parlia that he had other tributes to him, as the kings of the Persians, and of the Elyuiae or no Strabo.

ALKAIOT, lustful praise in the sun of Parthia, Heliocles uncertain, and So- I found my Armenian gods. Tiden that these Platarchus were unknown, cnm edi- xit b) , nnllnm that the king had been around until now the name of Aix«iw, even if they wish to be called IIo-

htOptiJTat , KtfaVtQt , NucaTO^jf , AtTOt, IlftfXIf,

those who wished that they should befall themselves kings, even such a chaos to be captured nevolcntiao, they had appealed, fereutibaa This was easy for the Parthians, who entered the Greeks the empire *nnea nnea magne nnmero positoa, the states were also numerous, and abundantly obtained They are the threads of the rewrote, about which I will speak below 5-7 About the title "MAEAAHNOS see suitable others in Spanhemius c).

ATTOKPATOPOS, Eni

SENIOT, AMIMAXOT, nANA- PIZTOT, MITPAETOT, no names come, in one* kingdom of Parthia Valiantio found, doubts about whom I acted with faith in Arsacides VII. XIX, XXL 24

ZATHPOZ in nnmo Honnesit apod Yaillantium d), but whom we do not Par- but you make him king of Bactria.

$. IV.

The opposite part is the head, or protomen the rule of the various cults of the first Arsacidae roofer helmet diademed, cojus par* He covers his ears, but not in his heart by no means the king of Armenia. But he is a poet A simple diadem prevails, but in names the foreigner of kings, but it is in some places wider A tiara is also frequently worn lofty in the ark, qaali Abg»-

a) Tom.I. p 460. b) in ArUtide p. 321. c) Tom. I. p. 466. d) pag. 359-

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Heges of Parthia

545

ri-Edesieni usi,' addiis variU omanion- you want Of this foreign worship of the head, and The kings of the Orient were familiar with the oopiose discruere Spanhemins *), et Clothes b). ©bservandum 'adbae, tinam enodeHKjue king jim simple I have already proposed the ornament of the tiara. Eju» example in Arsace VI. atiUmos Incorta hnjua variation eausa. set up eit Pelleriniaa, simple diadem cessU- he put himself in an ordinary crown, but a tiara Ja "Olennes reserve the festive season" so o).

Often the king's oapites are appointed astra- sun and moon Aminia will give cause nus y- 9a' i enm Arsacem L propter vir- tntem from his eousecratnm, ai- he says: whence at that time the kings of cfusdcm to be called a nation He is the brother of the sun and the moon d). He understands the times of Gratian, who long ago ruled Perae in. Parthora's kingdom rant Although the Persians in the sun and 1«* for he was moved to negativity because of the Arsacids" it is certain that the tracts were already apnd the Persians were re- taken, Thus Herodotus sacrifices to the Persians Aoli and lunoe refers to B), so far before Arsacids, and near ArUtopbane tor Trygaeus, oil and wool *3raeciam PersU betrayed to go, that bi both si> the gods are recognized as other Greek goddesses centibns *). Therefore the Parthians were drawn from the Persians the hot sidernm, then the qaibns want the gods Arsaces was also tempted with sleep.

Io aversa, you take nni* drachmae;

Parthut sitting in a chair the inverted bow of the pillars he says This Parthian sitting he was the king himself in his dress and clothing the purpose of ailing, and the prefect of St when, according to what kind of afmornm innumerable evidences of the ancients were brought before him to clarify Parthia In this opinion, mo- vet the authority of Dios, by which Phra- thesis The legates of M. Antonius admiait iitt -rt

XCXfl 3'QW *«9lf/*f»0j", ■«» Tl]l> ttttfat TM

w|« \J/«MiW», sitting in golden sei/a, and vum arcus eontrcctant f). This chair that he had become a part of the royal family, according to the argument. st. the Parthians carried the ram very heavily, qaam-> that Hadrianus He promised to return, however, what else he has returned, constantly red- dere dUtulit, and by this example Antoni- nas qaoqne, even though mnltom oratos h), pe- manners, as I think, of the old Parthians stubbornness, the eagles captured in the war of Crassus for a long time to restore those who turned away, and thoa displayed this precious pledge sem- they would have been inclined to obey.

In tetradrachms the same monkey king sitting in peace, but preferring to worship peace, removed the arou, and the toga at the feet deflna venerable A woman standing by him with a black head, and a horn on the other side bearing piety, that is, the genius of the city, eoro- for he offers RariuB o£hciam Utad pre- so did Pallas. But here it is all from Greece cornm ingenuity, as etUm in aversa namornm aeneornm, qaos snpra

») T. I. p. 465-b) Letters p. 00. c) Rois p. 135. 139. d) L.. XXIII. c) L. I.

c. 131. 0 inPace V.405. . g) L. 49 §. TT b) Sparta iu Hadr. Coprolin. eq

Antoninus

Z s 2

iPoL III.,

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546

THE KING OF PARTHIA

we reviewed, a woman's head is objected the tower, which the Greeks used in the image of the city

they ordered We will prove it then artioula VU , this was true again and again that he was a Greek among the Parthians oommorating currency

S-.v.

Epoch.

In which year the Arsaces shook Selenci the foundations of the kingdom of Parlhi under the yoke of gifts she lied, she had not found enough. luslinoa He deigns to determine the year with certainty, when he said, that the defect had first occurred Punic war L. Manlio Vulsoue, M. Attilio Regulocus ■). process-here sules V. C. 498, X. X. 356. Vagum This is an indication of what Frere- tio, that both the magistrates after six years, namely V.*C: 5o/|, A.X. a5o He repeated the consnlaua b). But he didn't notice the man performing the tit, not the other one Marcus, but the consulship of C. Attilius ctum Others, however, not very much a> Just the divergence of the Parthian kingdom learned from the old which rides at Frischius c) , and Fre- network d).

Vaillantius Instini's calculus was sharp not just the beginning of the Parthian kingdom, but even aaras. Parthian goddess tetradrachm mis inserted-e from the year-5 C. 4<}8, A. X. «56 he took off. iVaillantio aeoessere Froli- Chius, and others. In the same way, others

from the beginning of the Parthian kingdom but since, as I have just hinted, aliisaliud vkuio rei Parlhaica it must be killed, from others also of another age Exor long m . established

These serious judgments are sharply op- the men began to fight in a few illu- stress, Frerelius e), Barthelemyus ') , and Peilerius s). Prince them and invi- ctum argument, that of an earlier year AqT, H<1>, , AK in sums, who, by his name and hair, they are certainly the worshipers of the Parthian king, leadership in the year Y. C. 498 they would fall in vain, who they are later in the year 5. C. 979,' P. X. 2«6, whereof the Parthian kings from Persia overthrow is established. Yt knots today was Yaillantius, but only so far it was so It would have been permitted to move the established places, but not he would also doubt, a god by the name of Arsacs to give inscribed Parthornm Persian rivers, and some name with an- no AqT Artaxerxes, another with H<1> Sa- pores Of course, as he thinks, tight You may have worn the Persians in the kingdom of the Arsacids having conquered the Arsacs, he also stole the name of he went in the name, in the period ■ti aucoesaorea Augost also and Caeaaris to retain the appeal. And the same Eliam de Cansa, begun in the Parthian epoch cham relflntam from Persia ■•)• But neither Valiantio in this beautiful cause subsi- a long time They were found in the air I have quoted above, one of whom is the inscriber he has the name of Arsacius Paeori, and •l>r, another name of Volagasi, and annnmm.

a) 541 c.4. bl B.L. Mem. T.-XJX. p. 103- c) Annal. Syr. p. 26 d) 1 c.

c) l.c, C B.L. T.XXXfl. p. 671 g) Mcl.I. p..M6, SuppI.IU. p.n. h) Imp.

Awac. p 391

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5.11

AK

Nutum and Persit perrevcretniam Arsacs Knot bis ralion be expedited,

I said above that Arsace XXIII, Volagase I.

also brought by the same, the private Parlbo-Aher numn, whom Yaillantius J) eats

rnm, Faeori, and Yolagasis? And those who are angry with us, writes Aita

The difficulty bac Yaillauiio most ini- technically it is permissible to withhold arguments *Mj , which but Frdlichius present Yaillanlii cau- sam to support «st ■). Not even to further refute the opinion of Cor- blue air exovdium mullo ailhue lon- a different law, that is, in the 5th century 5a5, A. X. 320, b)-

cem, and aonum AqT. Here is one of ours seotenlia led by auao 443 coBCarret when in the year Y. C. 933 P. X. 1 80 , for and that Yolagas presided over the Parlhis stand Yerura Barthelemyus inspecting ite- loin numo, cujua also, to be larger would make faith, sincere iconism re- established, cerla" finds in it the letters AA,

I was therefore moved by these reasons to praise those who had the name of Yolagasi, but

They began to look back at the beginning of the era, but the Arsacs could not establish it

that the annois of certain kings of the Parlbors make us Yolagas, and besides

my inscrip toe not more than years of impeFis frighten our gentleness.

Parlhici was allowed to suffer. Nor with the beginning of the Parthian era. from

silium another vision opporlunius, as many learned IHviris ad annnm Y- C. 443 re-

if the beginning of the Parlhic accent is identical to the vowels as it is more stable than those, which

tent, which was the land of the Gracchi from a Vaillanius, in other years much later

they are attached to the Chaldean astronomers of Babylon and the Elders, because they are afraid of them

introduced, and begun in the month of Oc- tobri Y. C. 443 A. X. 3tt. Now then that he departed much from the old opinion Uardioi, who bound the Parthian tribes the age of the Scleucids, which was the age of the Gracians A single aeon of corum predated the leader ab autumn- Y. C. 443, A. X. 3j3 "). Hanc if you follow the intention, the gods are proud on both sides of the border tincntnr, indeed to obey this doctrine nae videnlnr numi two> from Yaillantio ci- wide, one of the Yolagasis Noraine notating oiTert year HT, Year here in our opinion it would coincide with ao- no Y. C. 750 , A. X, 3 , but then the cart

it is tmmua's sins, yet not yet so it is established, as Necessarius ex ciiato it depends on the year, and many things to be expected the supply of money, with the help of which up to now, only probable conjecture he insisted, he was sure to be executed. dif- hidden not a few enemies to him I gave the notes in them, nc- that I concealed those whom the late Abbot Stestinns objected, but to insist me- return, what-nar»t cl. Niebuhr the Dane in his recently published Arabic book c) : located in the Mesopotamian city of the Tigris, di- cta bodie Mosul, he saw marble which the witness of the epigraph posits

1») Doubts of Miunis. p. 75. b) dc Nnmo Mtnnis. c) Numi ill, under Tlafiict, d) ppg. joy :) RcUebeschrsibung nacb Aiabicn Tbcit II. Know 3C.1.

Zzztt

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548

&B6ES OF PARTHIA

kstur year after Okriita 1744, from there from the reign of Alexander in Ao55, that ie ihi, Cbriatiano* ejua trctns not in, inicriptiombn* mode, aefl and more the importance of action in the evening to praise the era to join, and at the beginning of the year with them the month of October, they said lingoa Teschrin el aval From what effect tnr , from ips the Joribos of the era of Alexander, Greece today is to be conierrari, from which ■i labdacatar aera Cbristi, habemoa al- the beginning before Christ 3i t; V.C. 443, right according to tradition lam. That same thing, judge me argameb- so the most ralet to -coniirmandum iiiud aera initlam, especially cam hu- the right of the fleet at Mosul, Bagdad, Uerdin, Bassora excavated numerous witnesses tor el. Seatinus *), who found these places himself He came, and I saw the people gathered there A^inslieano intultt.

The same learned man would laugh, re- a centier this doclriaam mious com- in the manner of composing the names of the gods, whom a le I had just found them, in other words rum presents the beginning of the era presumably sb «nno V. C. 453 , A, X. 3oo, with which he would sometimes encounter inconvenience he was looking for other people's opinions Xant, the soul is a witness to the fact that he lived Marcellinus, who was not Arsace I Arriving at Antiochus II. rpbellssse pre- He said that other writers teach, but you will now meet Seleucus I. Nica- torent, qnod cam rerisimile pntet disse V. C 483 , inde dncendum aerae he threw out the beginning, but hardly per- "He laughed at the learned, nt. union of Harcellini

let the seriptoribna ftlKs bear witness, so much greater is the anxiety, that this teaching is so precise in canea paa peeeet, for sure in time «tion of the Parthians, not so much to be done they are going in a certain way, in what way bac aententia namornm Parlbicorum ex~ they will serve more in pleading than in Atqne de casa so far fille xa, and with no easy genius from snbsidiie bactenes to be explained in abundance I was very disappointed.

I warn you, unrecorded tradrachms, drachmas nnn- what Do not use the letters SA.t qnae snnt in the drachm of Vaillantius h), epoch He noted that Freretie's view Most of them in the area drachmarnm oconrmnt mono- grammata and solitary letters, of which a doubtful explanation. Additionally, qaod literally 2A. they say in the tetradrachm of Arsacius XV. as mentioned above, he already has cer- the epoch of Annaa.

i- VI.

lies

The Parthians also have a iatud there nothing proper, that is not just aed and nnrois ingcribuntj but nt years, months and months you will find so much in tetradrachms Inscribed rero Hla vc- to be certain months, not only - will teach the subject of the mcnsium until now in fais namia repertonim calalogua, aed he also teaches the rocabulnm MHN02 hornm some pre&xum He discovered so far amt

m) l.c p.75, ct83- b) psg.58.

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THE KINGS OF PARTHIA

6\Q

APTK. Artemitius

AAI AAUIOT I lay down ■ AiilON for AilOT. Lout.

rOPniAIOT. Gorpiaeut

THEP. TPEPBEFETOT ffypor* beret

AIOT A long time.

AJrEAAIOT. AptUaeus

ATATNAL Audynneus.

IIEPITIOT, Expert.

Al£T. for ATST Disruptive

SANTL pre HAN9L Xanthietu.

Panemum reports each discovery PellcriuiuB ■) , ted qoo ia museum exatet, Noah adds. I saw the same thing yesterday Artemisium ritias ett h), but later he himself acknowledges his mistake" A»- Dynseo D). However, I am sure of Artemisium we have" from the number of Arsacia XV. I roused d'Enneryatrt, nt snpra we laugh. O» nyum igitar month from twice in the name of a mouse, and to cut them the appellation, which from Syro- cedonibua was often imported.

yours, in the same year The mints wanted to be identified, which year lignataa namas, sio by writing in the menu wanted to be notified, in which month he said by experience. Enimrero Sicnii It has been a month since I believe, not con- atat, who, however, also men tet incripsere f).

$. VH

From whose club was this Parthian coin signed

Nmmos drafibma to hang on the daughter of the king of Parthia ratam, rix dnbitem Of course, both part of the type, "the son of the king, and Parthians tents, the sound of the Parthian. Nor ohesr to be written in Greek, for also in Judea and the kings of Manretania lie in the forest they have not used yours, although native to both they would be He could have been in the case when he was older copiotU iodigeoia GrecU comroercii op- strength

Otherwise, the names of this Clatsis are extremely difficult tetradrachms, but not to object gam so the kingdom was ordered to be planted. for indeed - what reigns at the epoch of Parthia The Greek was wont to inscribe these gods, and who then drawn from that time he tried to obey the men of Selenco He then transferred his successors abroad broad, qaoram jngumParthi, qaod se- the rightful patnitt was impatiently carrying? An indeed, you wished to kill them, and gen- the memory of your unworthy service

a) Letters p.72 b) Rois p. 149. c) Letters p.65. d) page 7 and 1? ej Lcttre f) Torremuna Inscription. SiciL Class. 15

p. 72.

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550

THE KING OF PARTHIA

to engage in public raisonnés? Somewhere so that even this may be seen to be perpetuated Is there any agreement probable, the kings of Parthia? lantnm tribnisse- Syromaedonibtts himself nature enemies, nt ewum etianv xnenai- bus, tanquatn proper division of the sheep they would not have Finally, they are ia to all these gods from the tvpi prorsns Grecomm with the talent of the petite, as a woman ca- holding a cornucopia with a toasted pit, and re- Pallas several times offering him the crown this compliance is excellent, or in the age menaced by them, they seize the turret with malice, I am certain that the Greeks were of the genius of the Orpheus,

This, then, is the kind of coin of the Partftic I believe that it was bought by the kings rather than by the cities The Gruecanic Parlor under the command of let's try Harmn not be pacified by Ale- sandro M. , and his successors in this Ori- being seasoned with trout, and colonists of Greece cis permit holders mention In Parlhia Apameam and Ileracleam nnroe- rat Strabo *), in Hedia Laodicea, Apameam, Bagiam b), it praeipao» the wealth of money and power in the Bactrian from Mesopotamia Those kings of Parthia as fully subject, or to certain laws their free subjects subject to the government they painted Among these, Se- 1. rera Babvlon was founded at Tigius, to whom that the people of the city were seven hundred thousand he tells Flinkis, I will give him today, and he swears to you, Macedonumaue dies ap~ pushes c). More about it TacHos <<) : a mighty city, surrounded by walls, nequb in _ corrupted the barbarian keep the whites. Three hundred riches or sa-

picntia dttccti r as tcnatus, your people it happens, and whenever they act in harmony, tperni* there Farthut etc. Captured in the war L. Yert reports with three hundred thousand Hie- snort e). Mithridals YI. The matter of the bridge in the chief power of Farlhiea Menlis placed Selcucia the greatest "r- two f). From any of these cities You want to see these signs, ni- Of course you can find out what seems possible to offend, especially if Seleucia hu- the right to establish the currency of the country. Pliny said that she was free, and of her own right. therefore he signed the coin too rightly, about and so many other cities, the Romans suia the laws allowed viycre. He said it Macedon dies, whom Ma- cedonic names of the months inserted To what purpose indeed does that of Seneca 6) refer: What do they want from you in the midst of the barbarians? the city of Gratca? aud between Jn- Do the Persians and Maoedon speak? Ta- it is quickly said that Seleucus, the founder, of course, by signing in those ae- the ram, whose mover was the same as that of the tree; nor was it broken into a barbarian, whence it was typed in iii always of Greek character; state they cant, from where this tetradrachm is insignia. But the gods signed the king's order ptte, of course, but so much Syria and Phoenicia the king's cities, so many by the empire of Boma whether the cities, distinguished by the head of the emperor the gods were forging However, the same Se- leacia cudit numea autonomous, nt in ejns we showed the coins, how did the plains appear reat, having already allowed him the autonomy of a indicated by Pliny and Taqitus.

a) 51 p.m. 785. b) L.XI. p. 70 fl. c) L.VL-f.30 d) Anna 6. c. 42. Chxonicus f) Snliust. Frag. L. IV. hht g) Consol. to Ifdv. c. 6*

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JIEGES OF PERSIA

B E G E S V E H S I A E.

I lem Persarnm coined in three classes we despise ourselves, ro nscjue ad ^tostreruamDaiiura, II, qua- under the Arsacids of Parthia, III. qnal snb Sasanic kings.

Numi Penarum

from Cyrus to Darius afterwards.

Not in this class for reasons We will stay for a while. For Modicom esr that Tel. the thing, Tel monomenta - the remainder itself. Yes Platarchus' faith, Cyrus, in the kingdom of Hades after being transferred to the Persians, we know, -money it is sealed nsus jara. For women which they fled with admirable speed The authors of the Tirius were linm, they ran to each ro- to be presented. I believe that the ctnm morem, nt Persiac regges, and when they entered Persia, gnlis anreom largtrrentur b). In Greece hnjus class coin memorabilia ptoribna Daric, sea Sagittarius Daric,

btt&moi, thus Sicii by author Darius, scu he was the father of Xerxes; that is certain. Yide Saidam °) , et the scholiast Aristotle d). Daric's au- things were celebrated by the purity of the metal, in fact only a part of XXJT. strangers He learned the danger of becoming an alloy of metal Bartholomew *). Yljj.i§a%ti*w , J)arico- half a rum, remembers - the passage of Xeno phoh f). leader of the Archers, To|<>t«<, di- cti by the printed image of the agitator, ad which Ageailus alluded to in Plutar whom e). For from the ephors from the Persian war I am going to return to Sparta bat, he drew himself from the king of the Persians thirty thousands of warriors were expelled from Asia. too much the Fersara rum is known as the sagittarius those having thirty thousand The king made great by sending Alhenas, as admonish the Athenian people to war aum Laconia incitaniibns to gnaw these in they forced their country With the archers in this place Plutarch says x^"0'"^ ^a- Ctixts, the archer of Daricus, it is quite apparent, Daricians and archers are one and the same was a so-called coin in fact, already from the image. They appear here and there you would teach them again, if the Darics were so old a coin But Plutarch eloquently

a) give Virt. many p.246 b) More in Ale*. c. 69. c) iu Awftowc. 3) in Eccles.

> d ». 59B- e) B. L. T. XXL hut. p. 24. f) Evped. Cjri L. I. p. 251. g^ Lacon. npopht. p. 211

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352

THE KING OF FERSIA

Daricoa mentions anrees and silver, with which Iqco teniato Cimonts abstinence narrates, while Rhoes&ces barfaarus in ejns put down at home fidhag $vo, rqa ftnafyo- (um ifathtfVetuKoe A«f axm , rqa it Xf"- sair , two phialats, for which one silver teit Daricis, he implicvited the other aureit *). The same will be from Aeliaus narrating b) , a Persartun kings leathers to be given to the legate the usual raSarTot. BapuXwnuw bcnnifta a%- «yufuf, a talent Rabjlonium of silver

I lied.

/

Take DABfa or SAGITTABU.

. V. ir radiating crown covered with a single bend knee d. he holds a hat, t. holding a bow he says X Cavitatet form. Av. (Move. You kill Pembroke P. I. tab. I n. 2 , e t P, U, tth. 75.) AH, I. (Spanheim T. L p. 3a/f. Sestiai Leltere T. IIL p. 146.) rum one next to the tagittarium is read IIT- ©ArOPH. (Sestini ibid.)

A man covers a radiated crown with a single bend knee d. he holds a hat hold a bow he says X fir with the same cult and situation, and dcx- turning back the tclum from the quiver I promised. AE. L (Pembrock 1. c, Span- at Caes July earlier p. 80.)

Perta ttans hanging from the back of the pharc it vibrates through the weapon. 10 Hiaivit was surprised by the veto. AH. III. (Mu3. Caes.) €ui add others with Tariia trpis at Femarocfc. (P. II. iab 75.)

Through a foreign country and country nami aimilea comfortably in Fersicae m». to be held in no place, to any deity rule in the kingdom of Pera You will be subject to the silver seals, which

I quoted in the second and third places. Enivrero in the same place in the town of Pembroke a silver painting of the like, but whose Arkraa isolates the fleeing letters A galloping horse with a lion, who ty- There is pus in the most ancient of Tarsus. And they appear in the majority of that kind of archery of silver the same tabnla of Pembrokeix the purpose of the reference to the signs What kind of heterogeneity is encountered? the coasts of Cilicia, Parophrlia, and Ricini all silver Why Terilike, in him region, at which time Persia adhn pore, let's kiss that knee com image Persica cnsos. This is the most reliable argument chin is the name nTOATOPH hour not written His messenger tells Se- stions, cnm biois him Daricis to others, one anreo, the other silver, found in sno Samos Veriaioile, therefore, in which pore Samii Persit-parnere, (for raria (M. Fertnna) It was acknowledged that the coin was inscribed in addition to the private sne of the ruler Prthagoras. Sestine exclaims, this Pythagoras not to be judged by the pbilosopbiae Ilalicec Prthagoras the Samian captain. Qnirai sentenliam nt several other caasas, which I don't hide it, they overturn it, even write pturae ntodus They detracted most of them, those among Henricna Dodwellas, born in her stataant V.C. >85 It is the form of an aero ceroponi pose lheranun name illnd eonstituentinin^ which is already more recent times, negate Terint emnes of Greek palaeography ma- gistriv the officials listed in the book are so well known times Among the sagitUrios argenteo» refe-

s) according to Cimon c. 10. b) V. II. L- I. c. 22.

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KING OF FERSIA

553

ras also the Aryandic names, which Da- similar times dos'cora?it Arrandes pro Cambrse Ae- the governor of Egypt, whom therefore Darius the successor took care to kill of which we shall deal more fully in the prolegomena to the gods of Egypt

Numi Daricus with gold, tnm silver

To the weight and value of Daricus aur.ei Concerning this, Harpocration reports: ii

lei snmmae annt rarltatis. The goose will give r>#y

Strabo, speaking of Persia in his old age, says some

reigning b)s the Maxima, he said, gold and silver drachmas

They have a share of silver in the furniture, ginti. Grammarians teach the same thing

very little in the world. for Illam exi- a'H Hero also Alexandrinus Daricnum

esteemed and more apt to be given, to hang drachmae dnas testifies, ui-

and to be stored and preserved in the sauri's souvenirs But only for the medal sujjicerc are considered, as far as the use of su- let it be, and so much as then he began to sew, Meanwhile these mi-

mirnm qnantum balances Graecornm au- they were wont to apologise, as was said in Prolegomenia generalis Vol. I.- p. 41 Rovera Daricus of the Caesarean Museum, and Pem- brockianns have two dragons

nns conspire with the testimony of Plutar-marnm the Atticari poudus, Why is it right?

chi, in many places an immense currency signed rim by Alexander in Persia ca-

ptae, the preacher c). Also refer to this which Herodotus narrates d), at the same time Xerxes brought the army into Greece, that there was a certain Prthium in Lydia, I am afraid of him, who is in his ears numbered forty hundred thousand sta- ternm Daricornm anreum. the same you ste ') Mardonius Xerxes against the Greeks leader, he took the secnm into Greece xev

it is said to have paid 20 drachmas. followed decnplam ture anri ad argentnm ratio-

a

JSumi of the Persians

I reigned under the Arsaeids of Paris.

Persia cverao snb Darius - Codomano Achaemenid Empire in Alexander M. , and from his death in Srrqmacedq* no power has passed established sa-

signed 40 A talent of gold, xaH-iXr'^^ trapa. But the Orierites' proclivities through &ci<;hxq? f^e»Ta is said to have found <). obeying the peace of the Syrian kings

a) Herod: L.IV. c.1W b) L. XV. under fin. e) L.IX. St. 4t. 0 D'od. Thus, 51 cofl. {VoU III.,

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554

KING OF PEKSIA

because thou didst destroy Persia and the ancients let the kings be born again, and so on first from the Seleucids, then from the neighbors and many more powerful parts rent, diierte this testaato Strnhone ■) : for even though Persac still had his own king they have, however loage lunt info" riores^ and they are said to be king of the Parthians hearing And more openly at the last yerbs book 15 Today it is separate from the Persians have eorps and kings under other kings thrown, first Alacetionibuj, then Parthia. I will rule over them under the duke Pellerinius tribanntar seqaentes

tfumt;

■ Head of the bearded king Madematus I'm going to die in the near future, and the hail is coming back in the garden collected Chapter 1 brc towered, near the year I'KT, HKT 0KT, ZAT, <1>KA. AE. IU (Mns. You kill Pellerin Suppl. III. p.s3..seq.)

That kind of piles for the Parthians »ul- gagit Frolichins b). On the other hand, like we have written others also of the epoch an- we have produced a mountain for the fire the kingdom of Parthia, this not, that in these from the oapites certain colts the kings of Parthia, but in the pre- feelings from the same Oapitis calta certain the kings of Persia, but the content will be more evident , tis Feraarnm namia clatsis III. right go Pellerinias namos aimiles: tribu.it re- you are not of Persia, but of the Greeks. urty bos established in that empire, it would have been cut at the same time as The Greeks used the money of the Par- They were very cold, probably from the year 5. C.443 A.X. 811

Of bronze" inscribed in Persian, but cam, on the head of the Parthian king cem of the Parthian coin.

ra.

the fumes of the rcgum of the Persians

of the Sassanids.

Artazerzes Persian T. C. 970, P. X after the defeat of Artabaus, the last of the Arsacs of Parthia, the kingdom of Persia iod from Darius Codomaus or cxtinctum or from other regtbos reaaaciated pendena the founder of a new ipa race, called Sa- of the Sanids, that the Saaani cajaspiam ipae she would be a granddaughter. In that group of Persia itself> 1Y. It stood for centuries, while from the Saracens overturned no. To these Parthians the base of the tribes is usually equal

Sumh

- Epigraph, as it is inherited, Persia. Ca~ He often wears a king's beard with a diadem also radiated, with the impending glaciation of the head bo, often .hair back in a bunch after being skillful, adding to them at any time, often also the sun and the young stars. X Epigraph monkeys I can see that Jira is burning faster sometimes between the flames capitn hu~ mana, there stands a hino and from there a man with a spear, in others the look turned to the fire, in others aged by fire AT. (Pellerin.) AH. (Hns, Caea.)

. iMumos similar to Frdlichins moseo Cae- 32 first mus be Persian Sssanidarom

.*) L. XV. p- 1059- b) Reg. vet. 1

■: p- 64-

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BEGES OF PEESIA.

555

vit" (Jt corum some of the air proposes ■). Serins like others gavit Eellerinins b) r whom Iuter exi mint aereiu nnna, in cnjoa auric heads the royal and queen's yoke, to whom it was placed Juxta protome javenilia- crown I have left everything of silver in good order pnro anat, volnmine at first and approaching a certain modnlum, aed la- thin menace Two in the Caeaarean museum annt qniaarii- anibitu, but these also the ones

Tvpne ignee on the side would be so con- tpicne proposed, tnm and atra usually and luae anasernnt Frolichius, and who him teonti snnt, to move the Persica these nnmoa they would believe the net In fact, there are many let's take Teter's evidence, what re- The ancient Persians used fire, and the sun and they observed the moon, which most of them oollegit FrSlichins °) and Foncberius d). Frolichius likes the other three oonsectors, who disguised , that is, what name these gods offered to the kings heads, he preferred to wait until he learned more someone exists who can read the sails of Per- characters, and to understand He believes that he can. From the same point He also explains the other arguments in the chapter I found the coins of the abatinio, qnod libenler I am sorry for those who are more content to ex- They are enfolding the customs and religion of the Persians work contnlernnt

And so, which I had wished for a long time, this recently he took charge of you tns some Gallant work bit verbia iaacriptot M/moires sur divertet

antiquities from Persia, and sur les me"- dailles des Roit de la dynasty des Sas- healthy etc par j4 J. Sylvester de Saoy. Dc i'primeHe nationale executive du Louvre 1793. in 4/p. Qaod simnl atqne literary exiles Gottipgenaihus com- to perish there was nothing to spend I would think that I would not work, ad the presence of enucleation arguments as well I will have plenty of servants. His Paris to fetch it when our librarians did not want it because of the war it has now come to an end take care of the obstacles in you, de- give attention, ot that through Helvetiora the bearer of the field to me. But in fact things are now months, from which hope departs be retarded) and wishes to inject delay com I feel tired. Of course she is unhappy and the gallant nation of the Gauls having left ribua auis todiis, with the help of which, the kings still preside over the matter, ve- ram, and the teaching around find the world of earth in the first place he drooled, - the changes were already nnno genius he carried so many thin little wings-inatrne re, and the mere examination of all the three it is rare to send out, by how many to my ancestors, I will inherit my homeland, opti He can despise the morals of princes To generate the will of the populace, tcilicet let it not be tola rannide, mourns as well as life, parents liberomqne, of facilities*, ae sacro- forced to experience the loss of their country to laugh, or not to laugh, as once rupta poateritasinfra bellnamm, ant ti it is a terrible hit, and more bloody

a) Reg. vet. whether p. fifi. b) SnpphUI. p. 34 c) /ahrt795, Stics.178, Scu>1777.

c) l.c d) B.L.,T. 27 and 31 A- a a a 2

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556

KING OF BACTRIA

to lower the nose, and the ge- to allow the blasphemy of a human being he will die Quaprepter qnidquid cl. Sa- I went to the explanation of the present morning ntile, atqne opportune rit, lest the kind reader should be deceived, otherwise some in a suitable place, and perhaps I turned the covers between them, which ad- to be condemned, or to be corrected Tidebnntnr, • I will remind you. *

Bronzes are also common in about 50 forms. vit Fellerinius ■) barbarous fabric, in because it is captured in the front with the re-

gnm Parlbornm, in arersa capnt per*> the same is the case with gray hair; letters inside Bentnr foreign, but unknown. Id Anam can be gathered from the cult of the head, in boc tractu barbara banc aegetem pnl- to have cried Frolichius once published a similar ratnsqne, in it I can read KOMOCI--, he believed wrongly, so the Getae b). Swinton in a similar reading re sibi visn* IIPQZOT, Peroz Per- earam.regem, cojus ia hutoria Arme- He mentions Hoses Chorenensis, in this c) IneerU, as you see,

BHGES BACT.RIAHAE

XJactriana was far in the north of the Poaita Oxe and India was divided, by Cyrus reduced to the greater power of Perais pa- Tuit, then Alexander the Hacedonian dro H. i qut the city in it of the year named He did not build Alexandria with his plans catch Hortno prepares for Alexander of the provinces of the East, where Selene which Nicator threw down with valor. But posterity ruled by such a large the Lerraneans extended far into India feel odd the king of the Syrians the ctriana

I discovered some of these rules nnmi inscribed in Greek, to be seen as Hirum

can, that is, a nation so remote I will only speak of the manners of the Greeks and both sides in it to have stood, and indeed for a longer time, than perhaps bactenus credit, nt below ex I will prove it with the gods themselves. True the former kings, who were the successors of S y rii it is diiceis we will see the Greeks themselves. Then How many Greeks were there in Bactria? power, have a Joonplete witness Strabo d), who prepler the Greeks there aoli presBntiam so fuiaie riches au- "tos preaches, as, ai Apollonius Adra- My faith, they obtained Ariana and India, and more than Alexander

•) SuppMII p.38- b) To no. reg. vet. approach p. 3

jP. 208. d) L. XU. p. 785

c) Phil Trans. VoLLVL

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- HEGES BACTRIAXAE

557

the nations were overcome, especially by Menander etc. This moment is markedly important the captain of the sea of Erythrae, who Ar- rianoa fuisae pntatur In his words: AXr£a»i\>o? 6£fj.»)3fis axo rW pifm rnrvt &XC1 TB rwjnyaf £ttxafrrtu' reu , iirtaYip.* rwv jiwtci A^e^antfpo» $$wu- XttncoTQ» AxdXboSoTn xai M«va»Jf«. ■ >4A Aw parlibus ■ (Bactria) set off Aie- ■ xander penetrated as far as the Ganges - - - wherefore up to these times in Barygazi's ancient drachma reptriun there the Greeks are distinguished by their carved letters the bus of Apollodolus and Menander, who after Alexander's death there were po- titi Menander panllo in the Bactrian valley We have said the king from Strabo, qni and in He extended his command to India. Why and what gods had easily passed through Barygaz, (it was a Jewish city in India within the Ganges. Ex in which place he extitted Bactrianornm obviously the Greek Tetera coin we have, of whom the gods form a part, which I will immediately tell you

In writing about the Greek kings, rom prodemns nnmos, he learned to work Thoophilus Sigefr. Bayerus, who histo- Learn about the kingdom of the Hactriani Greeks wrote, which most of them in the boc ten- let us be equal. Add, what about him from the records of the Chinese attnlit cl,1 de Guignes ■). * • - •

THEODOTVS for Antiochus IL Ba- The commander of the army was solicited to defe- tion of the colonists of the Greek kingdom aibl compares Factnm istnd from the sentence

Bayer some years earlier than Fartbi they would hide But it is difficult to de- to begin the third year of failure. It was Tbeodotna of uncertain origin. Greek He did not reveal himself. Next- Theodotus II had the matter.

His name was not tem tjoi ejot sure tic

ETTHTDEMVS.

A native of Magnesia. Theo- endowment II swept the kingdom Antioch M. first I will test you, then my friend when, according to that law, he made himself king of Bactria would recognize that the fact that Bayer's cal- eslo about the year 5- C. 646. His daughter Demetrius Polybius and Strabo to betray, -destiaatum also of Antiochus M. genernm, Terum an patri lacceise- she laughs, unsure.

Samus:

King's head crowned. X BA2I- AE412. ET0TAHMOT. Hercules pi sitting d. he emphasizes the subject leaning on the other rock, in area monogram. Av. III. (Pellerin Additions p. o5.)

Haltis nominibni super cst here na- my For not only metal, and the fineness of the work was to mark that price addnnt, but also qnod hnjaaregis uni> it is ena, when it is already very rare no> God bless the king of Bactria. Additionally «t illad, this name of Eathydemi fnisse the last, which Fellerinias

.. L. T. XXV. Mem. p. 1?

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55*

KING OF BACTRIA

tario iHastratam Tulgsiit jaoi almost cun- team old age, and eye- rum wow He could not erg wnmns this man, to whom no one bactenns him pious about Greek numismatic matters tns is, with the greater glory of Tetns sniun to finish a hundred yards

Fars turns away and stops Hercules. They were known to the Greeks by the Kacedonians through the cans nnmen In this kind of worship, there is nothing missing the support of the oval ropes is proposed in tetradrachms, according to Antiochus II. Sy- we give it, And Hercules on the other side having learned about it, for India itself having come, tried in vain by Aorni's siege, I will listen. See Curtius •). FrecUre therefore this second, and Plutarch said the name Nora: $m 5' AXfgasSfM rts EtoitjKM S«nc B«*r$* *aiKuu*uoo£ n^o

MENANDER. Ejns great from just tia and reboa apnd the Bactrians

men, for whose ashes like Palla God, they set fire to the city in the feast Bacuiana e).

EVCRATIDES

Incrto genera oifua. Holta bella msgna yirtute wears, India also in po- reduced witness From that kingdom consort he had done so, in silence, when he had been translated even per. cadaTer snam carpento indi- He was destined to leave the country. Here

Instinns, qtd enm Arsacis VI. equal does d) the Eucratidae Called Bactris by the name of eonditori, tom and famous dao nami

Barerus also made his son Eacratius he threw the oomen. Why not start with that? done, it is not clear to me, and what Barera commemont, from the sun

Xumf

The crown of the king's youth, the helmet, the diadem ta roof X BA2IAE02. ETKPA TIAOT Diotcurus covered with a starry cap on swift horses d. spear, s- palm ra- mum, in the moaogram area. AB.. m. m. (Pellerin Roia p. io>)

I have already ex I received the Emperor Petropolitano" tarit Bareros is often mentioned in his work to"), differs, however, in nonnnlHs; nani the first is said to hang the mother to whom he had sown the weight of Cologne; then Tultas Eacratides was an old man'), - cnm Pellerinianna very youthful it stops. In short, Barerus was in Nami Uunaa HP was afraid of the fact that the Bactrian era He adds a note, which he himself has since a year V. C, 499- brings True judge Pel- lerino, with whom it is easy for me, bound these letters HP are nothing else, what a monogram, what a name also though of another Corma, it is visible. Pa- the rum driver safely in the Bactrian air, nnllo confirmed by another record, false in this one I'm looking forward to it.

a) L. XI. c. II d) 541 c.fi.

i>) of the fort. Alax or I. c) Plut. in command rcip. carry p. 821

«0 P»S- 99- O >0'd. P- 9*

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KING OF BACTRIA ADINNIGA.T8 Corsino - MINKISABES. A bearded king's head crowned.

559

I -AEIA - - AAUUNirAD - E&TH- IGE. Uercules sitting on a bare rock d. raised the club^ in the bottom year TAT, in

Frolichius proved, in the same way, an ifline so Libellnm opposed to Incriplam: Doubt of Minnisari and others of Armenia gum, and the epoch of the Arsacids nw by the common people, gnmenU of all intelligence and «rudification»

area monogram, ncmpe A within aua- prepared is attacking. No woman was the victim

wire Can I.

By whom ToJgatn* be here namni ki- di- below is moz

MONNES

His head is crowned with a beard.

X -AEIA ONNHE COTH-

POE. Hercules sitting naked on the base d. - raised the club, under the year TKB velfor- teTKE. A.I

Completing both sides with one name and the Adinnigai, and the Monneiis, against whom and others until now Tisum, Baotrianae I insert the rule that before proving I instituted, he had to judge twice from other gods say to mention

Cl. Eduardus ~ Corsinufl anoo 17&4 K- Hellum edidit, cni iitulos: de Minnisa- ri, among other kings of Armenia, and a dissertation on the epoch of the Arsacids. act tor in this of the god, whom in the former place I proposed, but Tir learned for sure AAINNirAO.readMINNIZAP. Him therefore Minnisari applies the law of Annenia, whose exploits he mentions in the reboa of Trajaoi

God, but who calls Manisarum? presented: A head adorned with a tiara, And with this confidence he brought us into the air of the avcrsai BACIAEH2 ABALS2AP0T, The beginning of Partijica from the year 5. C. tjpo aquilaefy.

5a5, from which the year of the name TAF deda- Nen minor in aiterias nnmi examine

city All this case with Minns contention, and in the legend of the inscription

a) B. L. T. 31 p. 671. b) Imp. Amcia p. 50 fi.

self-professed Corainus tias comes again with another dissertation Ro- published in May 17S7. I can recall disik What cans they brought, to abstain, not so much that I have so abundantly prepared my breritaa He does not receive debates, but that everything The teaching of Corsius no longer destroys this quod namo -inscriptnra MINNlZAP pretends, when it is certain, in I read AAINNirAO, , what a voice not just found Frolicius in the faithful piotn- ra ez the very archetype of the Stoschian museum excepted, and for himself by Gorio, Vindobon mass, but also Abba Barthelcmius, I have long ago changed the name of the individual Palalii, then Stoschii, the king of the Aanro brought it in, and from there it was cut subject to the learned eyes *), Qaare nl- tro' all things that Corsinafl will be collapsed so much money from Minnisare to re- cept, and establishing another of the Partbician era at the beginning he had dispnUred In short, nothing let me pass over, that to Dionia Manisa- rum pertfaet, I see from Vatllantio rif h xa^oStf they mention to be quoted, and hmc Maniswo by the ruler of the tribe of Armenia, in cnjuaadreraa

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56a

KING OF BACTIACA;

diMcniBB. Euni was the first from his museum protnltt Vaillantius *), who epigraphen ■iceffert: BACIAGCOC BACIAGU) N. MONNHCOT. CCDTHPOC. eniA- NOTC. with the year TKB. Then Mon- bring this to the -kings of the Parthians* He enters the lognm against the will of the god Volagas 1. and 1L, but diximns in Arsace XXVII. Maffeius later saw the same nymph mosee doois d'Estrees, but who so in- scriotnm prodil: BAClAEilC. MON NHCOT. CftTHPOC. ETEPRETOT cnm ann» TKE. Moreover, it is ambiguous Baeret, whether he is king of Parthia or of Bosphorus to be studied b). That monument in the ga- At last the royal sword was transferred to a great extent, What had been done before, he published more carefully Barthelemrus E), and swamped some in- I do not know what is visible in the sky they are, as Vaillantii EniANOT2, or Maffisji ETEPI "ETOT, not even to him. presuming the whole nameMONNHCOT I read, at the ends on both sides of the letter Nor is the end of the age unscathed ra ; whence he read the fact t nt Taillantins TKB, Maffeius TKE. Bartholomew he approaches the previous lesson. The same admitting this, the god is rarely one of the two it is the same thing, I do not know what to say. Qood when to ignore Pellerin's, he said re Honnesis numos rariantibns aera an- nis distinguished d),

Explored the religion of both gods even the swimmers, whose country they are, in- asking That when more accurately ex> I was hanging, I understood, that the gods were here the king of Parthia could not, as he thought Vaillanius, Pellermius, and many others,

II. no doubt that the kings of Bactria to be cleaned And both themes are related les paocis expssitas. '

1. Not being the god of the kings of Parthia the same inscribed epoch of the year check no. In fact, the year TAT in the god Adinnigai led by the year 5. C. 443, qnod princi- We set the pious age in the Parthian groves, occurred in the year 5. C. 775 pore in Partbia regoaTere fiiii Phraa- tis IV- to go to the other side, to whom we hold everything" names Year TKB in the numo Monne- sis occurred in the year 5. C, 864, but then it is evident that Chosroes reigned. No one then ntriga's place in the succession of the Parthian kings to leave Additionally, Hercules and the title 2HTHP02 in nollo regi Parlhi I love the view up to now, which* It stands firm in its own way, and never varies" habniase trpoe

II. Ajebain, the number of kings of Be- etrian It was easy to forget, nomoa not to be Parthians, etc., because the Parthians cam Greek coin metal, rolu- less, in a literary form, in other ways closely imitated, easily understood also, they were signed in the Prorincia Partho- and, if it pleases, also obnoxious, at least rel uanm rann they exclaim the money, cai pet them* •e inserted, cleverly guessed - is Maf- feus Indeed, I find the same thing already also the way of the distinguished Bartholomew in baec rerbe diaserenti"): JSumi Adin- I denied and Monnesist that they type the same thing and they prefer faffioa,'' in the same way they are given to the wooded region, but for the same reason the causes of the difference from the king of Parthia nw

m) I. c. p350. T. 32 p.683-

b) Galliae Autiq p. 114. c) I. c. d) Suppl. III. p. 15. e) B.L.

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KEGES BACTHIAUAE

461

mis. They were in Armenia, Meiopotamia, and washed away the dynasty of the Parthots several, the principal of which is named suv They signed the peunia, Qare dubtnm it is not, whether it is one or the other to be paid Started by a learned man I am done, I reigned in Bactria nay, the argument of the Faabeo is the only one, but Ulnd, I think, Eolida, from the same type requested Here stands Heracles on the rock sitting, and d. holding a heavy vessel in the same way and typing in the text above Thydenii namo, who was Bactrian The king is sure to try. Yix veriaimile it may be seen, if indeed there are two other of Zeus, the minters were anxious for Hercules ad onme * Hercules Eutnydemlarii api- ces were to be forged, and to be breathed into typo, which as always onmei caasas hardly It exists in countless ways. Compare, I will love all three, from Qnibos Agimua, gods, and you will deny attending to the crisis, even though The deity of Euthydemus is of elegant work, to the other, that I had already struck the prolapse with skill They are barbarians. admitted to my ten- everything else is conveniently explained to sing The Greeks placed in Bactria, where what will be the power, in the prologue men to the kingdom of Bactria in the same way to seal sin the dear oapite of the king cos in Partbia put the money cam re- You say that Gis Partfaicus signed with his head. Vsi The era of the Seleucids was a long time ago V. C. 449, or, as it pleases others, aera Greeks from the following year in the same way as the Parthian Greeks, of course the time when adhac to the Seleucids common otrisqae Finish the old one

they had also retained the HercuKi type, sub of course the image in Bactria im- cnhi pcnsius

- It is supposed, like the oticope, which vtrw they pray this wmtentia in tavidmm call Testrbut Lairine and Swabone The Greeks in the Bactrian Empire som is first from Parthfa, then from Scythians Homadibna. I have television you have collected apad Bayera *■). Soy- the invasion of the BM Triana nem in -nrsuanrentis Smentiwm au* vi- he says, or to see for himself what is ol. of Gui genes b). I will infect you. True if ever saro is Greek in Baotrian hnpe- riam, not even the Greeks Ijoi her from Alexander M. oopioai to inhabit I will tell you what madmodaot overthrew by the Parthians the Seleucid Greeks rnm across the Euphrates empire I will read the lamentation of Greece Nuraesque cam Parthenri king eapite fe- they will start laughing, say an hour for example the same thing happened to the Greek Bacliriams it is a thousand These were Qasles after Heges Eucratides, who came from Bactria the last of the kings mentions hitte- things we do not know Not to be given, inter alia constant motions, and terrible velocities las, which part of the East is better than the others regionibos cancusaa e»t , prevaleniibns now, now the Bactrian cattle, I have already gained those masters, namely the Parthians, the Scythians piatn. And perhaps Parthus had remembered ratns in numo Honneses, for this a name sometimes known in Partfaic history it is betrayed And it is true not to assert at random even after the overthrow of Bactria

a) 1. c. p. 0.

(voi. m,

b) B. t. To me T. 25 p. 17.

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56 i

EEGES BACTRUSUEI

legfls Gracchus regiboB also paruUse. For thus I read on the edge of the sea Erj-ihraci, who is attributed by some to Arrian: xat tsto» ivt' a*

NW, Vtta ^adihta. i

eerttua ett, Greek bane oralion eeae Imxatam, so certain eiiam, hane I ought to pay attention to them: above these the most beautiful nation of Bactrianorttm, quan it is subject to its own king. From these, then, no matter how it is discussed, keep it idqs, nuraon hes esie regnm Bactrian- rum, even if he had been happy snows, says the Monnese, a foggy night press the goddess

There is absolutely nothing to be added to these. al- three times in the Caeaarean museum depeanl :

A bearded king's head crowned Put the urchins in a pile. 10. The epigrapke is ambiguous to be dated. Her- remember the seats in exactly the same way as in the preceding r in the area mon.ogr.am- ma. AE. almost 50

Pee eantas, qiiaa haetenn» dedi , dn- He could not deny that he was the same region, whose name is the land of Adin I denied it, and Monne*is> If for the type

averse apects, and at the same time you think with them, there is no lack of movement some kind of nogram, even though pro- pter of the work of the rndity of the wings of the unshaped, and in the same place, he died in nnmo Adinnigai eonspicitnr. Alas, ah the ambiguous epigraph nothing "pious to approach At least one from each side of the god acriptnrae verse is conapicoos, in at the bottom of the segment, which in them It contains chae. clear letters OAO, but not to mark any epoch they can Hair combed on the opposite side It is clearly a Parthicns. Or igitnr eo lem- pore, with which the name Ba- is signed here the Parthians, if they were evil I will make a Bactrian king, he of a king Parthi wanted to pretend to be someone.

He published Swinton's numnm (Phil. Trana. Vol L. p. i75.) :

- - - BACIAGCDN. MerAC. MO - - The king's head covered in Parthian fashion. 3C Parthian epigraph. Grading victories. AE. II.

The author considers the name monncsis I declare that it is quite uncertain; for in MO li- he himself will prosper

THE END OF VOLUME III

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