Zeitschrift für Numismatik, vol. 3 — 1876

Greek coins in the royal Münzk&binet in the Hague etc. 343

Experience enrichment: Eevue num. 1854, p. 104, plate VIII, 52; 1860, p. 276; Num. Chronicle 1873, pp. 317, 114.

The following coins of Hadrian and Sa> are unknown bina'B stayed:

2)\^. 27^—AAPIANOC CEBACTOC AAPIANOnO

AEITfin. Hadrian's laurel-wreathed head on the right

there. Bv. Z€^YPIflTflN A€ITflN. Zeus Nikephoros

sitting facing left, left hand on the scepter"-

supports.

M. S. — It wouldn't be impossible for the two of them similar pieces in the Borrell catalog 1852, No. 306 (An*- attributed to toninus), and in the Catalog de Moustier, No. 325 (Tiberius?) poorly preserved examples of the above coin would be.

3) ^. 28*? — Hf, from the identical stamp.

Bv. CABINA EEBACTH ZE^YPiaTflN. Sabina's Bust portrait with diadem, facing right. M.S. —

4) EVER. 28"? — AAPIANOC C6BACTOC AAPIANOnO

AITUÜN. Same head. Bv. C;ABI(NA C€BACT)H JICOYPIUüTUüN (she) €Y

C€BUJN. Bust of Sabina on the left.

M.S. — That Zephyrion took the nickname Hadrianopolis men^ was already known from autonomous coins; new is here- against the fact that its residents use the epithet evaeßelg placed. The three simultaneous coins above are interesting also by changing their letter forms, such as A and A, E and €, Z and ^, C and C, <|> and O, Q, and lU.

348 P'* Imboof-Blnmer,

4) ^. 25™ size 16.52. — Same types and labels; that

Character x appears twice behind the head of king, which was probably the effect of a subsequent to be attributed to a favorable stamp. Brit. Museum. —HJ. pictured plate K, no. 6, Cf. Catal. Th. Thomas, No. 2697.

5) Yes, 20? Gr. 7.36. — Same types and labels; behind

the head &

M. S. — Pictured plate K, No. 7. - The Beta The shape of the monogram is exactly the same as in the word BASI AEfiZ of the following piece.

6) JB. 16? Gr. 3.87. — Same types and labels; behind

the head X

M. S. - Illustrated Plate IX, No. 8. — Cf. Mionnet V, 34, 304; Trösor de num. Plate XLI, 12.

Described in his “Numismata Hellenica” (Kings, p. 27). Leake two similar coins^ without weight indication, but with

adding that the monograms X and X probably should be understood as value symbols for 4 and 2 xakyioi. The Size and weight gradation of the above with X: A, B and A marked copper coins makes Leake's speculation almost a certainty, and we therefore have one before us Tetrachalcone, a dichalcone and a chalcus, un- drive in the same weights as the silver ones Tetradrachms^ Didrachms and Drachms^).

I have these tokens among the numerous other ones and copper coins minted in various places Antiochus IV so far only on those of Antioch on Mygdonios (Nisibis) met:

1) This agreement of the weights may, however, be purely numerical.

Oriental coins in the royal Coin cabinet in the Hague etc. 345

Selenkos EL., King of Syria.

AI. 321? Gr. 17.02. — Beardless head of the king with

Diadem, right. Pearl circle. Bv, BAZIAEaZ ZEAEYKOY. ApoUon, naked, that Head wreathed with laurel, and shoulders of long locks of hair covered, standing liükshin, in the advanced r. Hand holding an arrow, and the 1. Arm on the three-nose placed behind him supportive. In the field, before the god d). Hague. — Pictured Plate IX, No. 5. I'm leaving here solely because of its rare beauty a place for this tetradrachm. To those coins of Seleucus Kallinikos, - according to Polybius H, 71 also üwywv^ the beard, named after - on which this with different Beard hairstyles appear^), came into the British not long ago A magnificent tetradrachm was added to the museum the bust of the king with a long, pointed beard and with attire shows.

From a supplement to the series of Syrian royal coins and their discussion must be here, as from one to far leading task, dealing with.

Antiochus IQ.

With the usual types of tetradrachms, i.e. h. dem Royal portrait with diadem on the right and on the left Omphalos seated Apollo with a bow and arrow hands, the coin cabinet in the Hague has three gold octa- drachmas:

1) Gr. 34.15. — With <|> to the left of Apollon.

2) Gr. 34.09. — With SM left, M right from Apollon; in

Sections 3K?

1) Cf. m. Cboix de monn. greeques, plate VI, 206 - 208.

350 Fr* Imhoof-Blnmer,

Another, also in 139 t. but vennuth- Tryphon's silver coins, minted at Sidon, were in the Wigan collection:

2) jR. 19» Size 6.30. — The same bust.

Mv. Same inscription; Eagle left on a thunder wedges; in the field on the left: ^ nnd Aplaston; right Lr and IZ.

Selenko's Tl. •

;«. 18™ size 3.80. — Bearded head of the king, with Eiia-

that, to the right. Pearl circle. Rev. BAZIAEfiZ ZEAEYKOY NIKAToRoZ. Nike walking to the left; in the field, C. Hague. — Shown plate IX, No. 10. — Cf. Mionnet, Y, 100, 887^ shown in Tresor de num. et de glypt. Plate LIV, 3.

Seleakeia in Pieria.

1) AI. IT? Gr. 3.52. — Bust of Tyche with veil

and wall crown, grape-shaped earrings and Pearl necklace, right-hand side. Pearl circle. Rev. ZEAEYKEfiN THS AYTONOMOV. winged one lightning; in the field, the year IF. The whole of surrounded by a laurel wreath. M. S. — Pictured plate IX, no. 11.

2) yH. 15 X 13"? Size 1.67. — Same head to the right.

Rev. Same inscription and wreath; those walking to the left Nike, in the r. Hand holding a wreath, the left lowered. In the field on the left: i^ ; right, Fl . Hague. — Shown plate IX, no. 12.

3) ^. 12? Gr. 1.11. — Laurel-inscribed Zeus head right-

there. Pearl circle.

Orieohl's manners in the royal MünzkaMnet in the Hague etc. w. 351

Rev. Inscription, type and wreath like No. 1; in the field, % and n.

M. S. — Pictured Plate IX, No. 13. In addition to the known tetradrachms, there were none until now other silver coins from Seleucia came to light. The ones published here (drachma, half and third drachma) all have the same date 13.

Persia.

1) A/. 20™ size 16.70. — King with crowned head, one

Lance in the right and a bow in the left Hand, and over the shoulder the quiver, to the right kneeling; behind the figure <|>l.

Rev. The impact peculiar to the double dariks. Hague. — Shown plate IX, no. 14.

2) A/. 18? Gr. 16.69. — Same type; behind the king,

a laurel wreath; in front of him M.

Brit. Museum. — See Revue num. 1856, plate I, 4,

with wreath and X.

3) A/. IT? Gr. 16.66. — Same Ty^m with A behind the

figure. — M.S. —

4) A/, 18? Gr — Likewise, with AY behind the figure.

In trade. — For other varieties cf. the addition compilation by Brandis a. a. 0. p. 420.

Cleopatra I.^ wife of Ptolemy Epiphanes.

Ai. 27'V size 12, HO. — Busts of Zeus Serapis and

of Isis with garb and their own

borrowed head ornament, to the right; the former with laurel.

the latter garlanded with ears of corn.

23»

352 ^''- Ipihoof-BlumeT,

Rv, BAZIAEfiZ nToAEMAioY. Eagle to the left

standing in front of a thunderbolt, turning his head back;

Above the 1st wing, a double wing with taenia.

In the field, left» MO; right AP nnd a I. standing

Owl.

Hague. — Shown plate IX, no. 15. This piece undoubtedly comes from the collection d'Ennery (No. 141 of the catalog) . A second copy, earlier in the Pembroke collection (Mus. Pemb. II, plate LVI, 217 and auction catalog No. 1290, 6r. 14.02) came through the Fox see the collection in the Berlin museum, prefer the allocation cf. R. Stuart Poole in the Num. Chronicle 1866, p. 4flF. and F. Feuardent, Egj^pte ancienne, I, p. 68flF.

Ptolemy Philometor.

jR. 28? Gr. 12.68. — Head of the king with diadem,

right tshin. Pearl circle. Ilv. BAZIAEflX nToAEMAloY OEoY ^lAo/AHTo

PoZ. Eagle standing left on a thunderbolt;

over the first wing a long spike with leaves; in

Fields on the right, ITl (for TTTO, Ptolemais); between

the feet, lA. 1} and between these and that

Tail tip, A.

Hague. — Pictured Plate IX, No. 16. — Also from the d' Ennery collection, No. 152 of the catalog - cf. Mionnet, V, 22, 174 (Gr. 14.07), Suppl. IX, plate V, 1; Tr6sor de number et. de glypt. Plate LXXXVI, 6 and p. 166; Leake, Num. Bright. Kings, p. 61, and B. Stuart Poole, Num. Chronicle, 1865, P. 330, plate Xm, 12.

All these citations concern the Paris copy, and in All of them have to counteract the error that the ear is for a palm branch has been handed out. In this case

Greek coin in the royal MGnzkabiuet in the Hague etc. w. 353

The coin of Philometor is correct in the symbol and in the monogram with that of Tryphon from the year 139 BC described above. BC ttclear; and since those like Poole a. a. 0. dargethan, in the Years 148 - 146 have been beaten, so theirs can be Coinage only a few years that of the Syrian power Habers have preceded.

There would be many more pieces from the coin cabinet in Hague highlighted here because of its beauty and rarity e.g. B. a drachma of Perseus (6r. 3.67 = Cadalvöne, Recueil, p. It6j, a hemidrachm from Plataä [6r. 2.60 = Mionnet, Suppl. III, Plate XVI, 10}, a hemistater of Pyrrhus, a gold stater of Mithradates (Gr. 8.33 = Mionnet, 11, 360, 7), a tetradrachm from Te nodos, another from Kos (Gr. 14.85 ^ Mionnet, lU, 402^ 14), many Syrian, Egyptian table and Cyrenaic gold and silver coins, etc. For further information, however, I must refer to the brief suggestions tungs de Jonge's a. a. 0. P. 1 - 38 and 77 - 83, and before All refer to the collection itself, which, as I thought, hope to have shown, for every connoisseur of Greek numis* matics is worth a longer visit.

Ms. Imhoof-Blumer.

Countermarks of Vespasians on Roman family denarii.

In the non-fiction magazine “Melanges de Numisma” tique" is discussed by Mr. F. de Saulcy in longer essays "Notes snr quelques Contremarques antiques« Roman, especially abef Greek coins, now on one side, now on the other Page the most diverse counter brands of cities or Princes wear ^) . Among the Mttn stamped by Yespasian He also carries a family denarius, the only example of this variety, and this prompted me to use it of the printed material and the remaining coins to compile the following directory. In order to have a possible I tried to achieve the greatest possible completeness Knowledge of the existence of such by Vespasian

1) Already earlier in the 14th volume (1869 - 1870) of the Revue numismatique pag. In 300-315 and 386-402, de Saulcy's essays appeared under the title “Les contremarques montftaires — IVpoque du haut empire«. —

Of copper coins and silver medallions bearing the countermark of Vespasian wearing is completely removed from my work, it's just them Denarii struck in the Republican period and under Augustus are taken into account been. De Saulcy has two medallions, of Claudius in Pergamus (10.05 gr.) and of Claudius and Agrippina also minted in Asia (9.4 gr.), both of which

Apply stamp MP*NESNC. He explains him as Emperor Vespasianus nummi centum or nummus castrensis, i.e. on the march in the year 69 AD Vespasians from Asia to Rome. Maybe you can use it from: nummam concession or nummum comprobavit. Similar medallions with postmark MP* NESP at Neumann Num. pop. et reg. pag. 185 and Borghesi OeuTres com- pldtes I, pag. 211, in a note by Cavedoni, with ^^•^S*A/, 1847 in the Be- B. Tazzi's in Naples.

M. Bahrfeldt, Gontremarkou Yespasi&ns anf Rome. FamiUendeiureii. ^55

Stempeiter denarii in private and public cabinets received and in almost all cases is to me in the most liberal way Communication was made, often even to me, if there was anything wrong prints had been sent.

“Toutes ces mmailles sont fort rares,” says Cohen ^) p. XXXIX, and although he does so with all other coins, including the Trajan ones If restitution prices are noted, it is impossible for him here. The rare For the sake of safety, it shouldn't be noticeable that many collections lungs do not have any copies; so they miss me received messages or my own investigations as a result in London, Munich, Gotha, Brussels, Luxembourg, Copenhagen, Stockholm, Rome, Naples and Madrid.

Other cabinets, on the other hand, contain several pieces, so the Viennese, the Parisian, but above all that of the Baron d'Ailly (Chateau d'Ailly near Roanne, Loire); which alone have six can. This collection is currently probably the most important, which exists from Roman consular and family coins, they counts over 14,000 pieces and is to be determined by will later passed to the Paris Cabinet.

We find the first mention of these denarii in Patin, Vaillant and Haverkamp, it is therefore noticeable that Boze - at Jobert science des mödailles — expressly the non-occurrence noticed by countermarks on family ends. Individual ab- Stamped denarii are often found in catalogs rer*

■

zeiobnet; a compilation of several comes first Neumann in his works Pop. et reg. num. vei ined., in Essentially after him, Eckhel in the Doctrina numorum. Aus- Borghesi discusses it in more detail in Decade III, Osservat. VIII and increases the list by a few items, referring to him Cohen p. XXXIX and Baron d'Ailly Researches II, 1, p. 21-33.

1) Regarding the full titles of the works listed, I refer to 4m attached literature.

356 M. Bfthifeldt,

£b is difficult to decide why Vespasian, nnd only he, old republican J denarii with a postmark and thereby made nmrunnable again; was it an anti- Quarian games, like Trajan's restitutions in general, or should the profit made by doing the The heavily used coins were not melted down, but given back to them Gours were really that big? But then you have Certainly these denarii used to be in significantly greater numbers than now exists and are later due to the occurring metal deterioration was drawn in and melted down. Old denarii There were still many deaths in the first imperial period; than, however, the Weight reduction of the denarius to three scruples under Nero occurred, all heavy vehicles in traffic disappeared smaller denarii and only heavily minted, very minted or alloyed pieces, me those from Antoninus in the name of Legions still shaped and competed, and so we find the stamped ones are almost always lower preservation and the resulting low weights. »One would expect that under the conditions of the imperial era Republican Gourant prefers the plated pieces find ones that were safe from melting down; alone it seems This doesn't seem to be the case, rather it seems to me" - says Mommsen Pag. 389 — “among those with the imperial postmark "No foraged denarius occurred." I can accept this perception. None of the ones I listed confirm this Denarii is fed.

Coins other than denarii have not been countermarked, neither gold, nor copper, nor parts of the denarius, that's why not because in Yespasian's time these coins were given to someone else Barrels followed, the reduced denarius to the normal weight of 1/96 pound = 3 scruples = 3.41 gr. apart from the provincial oonraot was the only silver coin.

Countermarks Yespasians on Roman family denarii. 357

Only once have denarii been stamped so far others found together. Borghesi tells Decade ÜI, Osserv. VIII about one around the year 101/2 in the area of Rome hidden at the time in the Vatican Numismatic Museum. treasure of around 300 denarii, the youngest of which Coins came from Trajan and included around twenty old family denarii mostly with a completely unrecognizable stamp were located ; two of these, Fannia (Blacas 108) and Cornelia (Blacas 229), bear the well-known suffix Yes- pasians ^). This find shows, among other things, that these were countermarked Denarii did not only circulate in the colonies, as many believe. ben, but also in Rome itself.

The gontre mark is in a rectangular stamp from Hard metal is deeply cut so that it rests on the Coin always shows raised in a recessed rectangle. The two The most common form is MP*NES, less common is the declining form 23^*^, encountered NES alone a few times; Deviations like ^^*\E and S3^*MP, i.e. partly quite and partly declining, are Exceptions. The stamps are always monograms; at the first, consisting of IMP, the I falls with the vertical line of the M together, an extension of this line, like Cohen drawn, but cannot be noticed; the P definitely has the closed form. At the second monogram, consisting from VES, the V is always connected to the E and so represents that the E has the vertical position; the S stands alone, However, this is mostly the case with the declining stamps, from very raw form. Both monograms are always separated by one Point separated, while this is almost always missing at the end. The Gontremarke is now on the main - now on the Reverse, now struck on the stamp, now in the field, a law or a coin regulation will hardly have existed,

1) Prev. about the Mii Found M«puns6n p. 770, BUcaa lU, p. 49.

356 M. Bahrfeldt,

£b is difficult to decide why Vespasian, and only he, old republican denarii with a postmark and thereby made it fit for circulation again; was it an anti- Quarian games, like Trajan's restitutions in general, or should the profit made by doing the Strongly yemttzten coins were not melted down, but given back to them Courses existed, could they really have been that big? But then you have Certainly these denarii used to be in significantly greater numbers than now exists and are later due to metal deterioration. was drawn in and melted down. Old denarii were still in circulation in many cases during the first imperial period; than anyhow Weight reduction of the denarius to three scruples under Nero occurred, all heavy vehicles in traffic disappeared smaller denarii and only heavily minted, very minted or alloyed pieces, like those by Antoninus in the name of the Legions still shaped and competed, and so we find the stamped ones are almost always lower preservation and the resulting low weights. »One would expect that under the imperial era oirouling Republican Courant prefers the platted places find ones that were safe from melting down; alone it includes "This does not seem to be the case, rather it is mine," says Ifornmaeii pag. 389 — “among those with the imperial postmark "No fed denarii came across." I can say this truth. mnng definitely confirm, none of the ones I forgave Denarii is fed.

Coins other than denarii have not been marked, neither gold,* nor copper, nor parts of the denarius, therefore not because at the time of Vespasian these coins belonged to someone else Feet followed, the reduced denarius to the normal weight of 1/96 Pfimd = 3 scruples = 3.41 gr. apart from the provincial ourant was the only silver coin.

Countermarks Yespasians on Roman family denarii. 357

Only once have denarii been stamped so far others found together. Borgbesi reports to Decade ÜI, Osserv. VIII about one around the year 101/2 in the area of Rome hidden at the time in the Yatican Numismatic Museum. treasure of around 300 denarii, the youngest of which Coins came from Trajan and included around twenty old family denarii mostly with a completely unrecognizable stamp were located ; two of these, Fannia (Blacas 108) and Cornelia (Blacas 229), bear the well-known suffix Yes- pasians ^). This find shows, among other things, that these were countermarked Denarii did not only circulate in the colonies, as many believe. ben, but also in Rome itself.

The gontre mark is in a rectangular stamp from Hard metal is deeply cut so that it rests on the Coin always shows raised in a recessed rectangle. The two The most common form is MP*\ES, less common is the declining form 23^*^, encountered \ES alone a few times; Deviations like ^^*\E and S^/*^^, i.e. partly right and partly declining, are Exceptions. The stamps are always monograms; at the first, consisting of IMP, the I falls with the vertical line of the M together, an extension of this line, like Cohen drawn, but cannot be noticed; the P definitely has the closed form. At the second monogram, consisting from VES, the V is always connected to the E and so represents that the E has the vertical position; the S stands alone, However, this is mostly the case with the declining stamps, from very raw form. Both monograms are always separated by one Point separated, while this is almost always missing at the end. The Gontremarke is now on the main - now on the Reverse, now struck on the stamp, now in the field, a law or a coin regulation will hardly have existed,

1) Prev. about the Mii Found M«puns6n p. 770, BIacm III, p. 49.

358 - - M- Bahrf«ldt,

I noticed that this is always the better-preserved side bear the stamp.

As for the directory itself, it contains 31 postmarked denarii in chronological order follow. First I will give a short description, borrowed from Mommsen. practice of the dances, the numbers of Blaca and Mommsen and an- Given the plate by Cohen on which the illustration can be found. Then follows the shape of the postmark, its location, weight, Diameter and grade of the coin, as well as the current one Owner. I have tried to find out about the denarii that are in frtt* Listed in other catalogs and whose owners are not known are^ to find out the whereabouts, but my neighbors are not often research has been accompanied by success. After the treatment In each denarius I list the works in which he has already done so was listed, he was not yet known j so this is special noticed this. At the end I give a brief overview all described denarii and a precise list the literature I use.

Roman - Campanian silver coin. Hf. double head, with Laurel wreath. Letter Jupiter in the Victoria steered Quadriga, to the right, Rome below." deepened*

Stamping IMP on the main page. This coin is described by Avellino in the book he published given Bullettino archeologieo napolitano m, p. 133: »In una Moneta di Argento col bifronte imberbe nel ritto, ed il Giove qua- drigario colle lottere incuse Roma nel rovescio, ho nello stesso Modo rilevate the lettere IMP step tra' capelli del bifronte, e propriamente suUa sommitä.« It is very regrettable that AvelUno does not provide any important information, it would be essential here prefer to be meaningful. You can't do that without reservations Accept postmark for Vespasians. The inscription Roma is incus and these coins weigh according to an extensive

Coiitrem&rken Vespasians on Roman FamlUend^aren. }5d

Directory of Baron d'Ailly, Recherches I, p. 166 — 173 in Medium about 6.60 sizes, the lightest weight of over 100 chairs is 5.70 gr. All family denarii that have the suffix Vespar sians carry, have a greatly diminished due to matting Weight of about 3.50 gr., it must therefore be the »nummusa very have been heavily depleted, down to about half of its value weight to sink; but then it would be the inscription and that Was the imprint still as clear as it seems? Furthermore has the postmark has the completely different form IMP; Vespasians Brands that have become known so far are always monogramic and the P only appears in the closed, late one Republic and the entire imperial era - from negligence Especially the late imperial period is ignored - usual Form P. Finally, Vespasian's stamps always bear the mono- gram of the name, only rarely is the title imp. omitted, Here, strikingly, the title stands alone without a name.

But that seems to be a label on Vespasian's part to say that he alone had silver coins from the Republic Time stamped by no other emperor, and therefore can However, he has a very low probability of this stem- attributed to pel.

The stamping and restitution of this coin is considered one The main evidence is that this is undisputedly from Campania Factory-made silver pieces are specific to the oldest ones Roman Republican view.

Still listed after Avellino: Mommsen p. 343. Note 147. Blaca's translation HI, p. 228. Note 2. Baron d'Ailly Re- cherches I, p. 186. Note 4.

M • FAN • C • F • Female head with winged helmet.

RF, Victoria in the Quadriga. (Blaoas No. 108. Mommsen 158 c. Cohen pl. XVm.) Cancellation ^^*^ES was found according to Borghesi's report with No. 229 Cn. Lentul. in a little treasure in the area

300 M. Bahrfeldt,

Borns and came to the Vatican Museum. Mr. Ignaz Luigi However, he informed me that both denarii were no longer in circulation Musenm are located and either Borghesi's report - but what probably shouldn't be assumed - it's incorrect, right the pieces were lost before 1850. boron ghesi decade in. osserv. 8; oeuvres complötes I, p. 211; Cohen p. XXXIX. Baron d'Ailly II, p. 23. Blacas p. 302. Mommsen p. 546.

M • CIPI • M • F* Female head with winged helmet.

Rf, Biga with Victoria, including rudder. (Blacas No. 161. Mommsen No. 135. Cohen pl. XII.) Three copies with ^^•^ES : a} Borghesi makes Decade III Ossenr. 8 (Oeuv. compl. I, p. 211) this denarius is known without further information. He is after him in Rome in the Cabinet (Alessio) Motta.

Hommsen p. 539, missing in the French translation. Cohen p. XXXIX. Baron d'Ailly Researches a. a. 0.

h) According to Hm. Cohen's statement Desc. of the tired cons. p. XXXIX There was such a denarius at the time his was issued Work in 1857 in his collection, which no longer exists; Mr. Cohen couldn't tell me anything about the whereabouts of the coin.

c] Stamped on the hip to the right of the head. wt.

3.81 6r. Diam. 16mm. Owned by Baron d'Ailly. I

cannot decide whether this and the Cohen denarius

are identical; This one and that of Cabinet Motta probably not, there

Baron d'Ailly lists both copies next to each other. After

According to the impression sent to me, the counter mark is very delicate

and regularly. The relatively high weight of the denarius is noticeable. Baron d'Ailly Researches a. a. 0.

CN • BLASIO* CN * P • Helmeted head of the elder Scipio Africanus. Rf. Jupiter with staff and lightning between Juno and Minerva standing.

(Blacas No. 163. Mommsen No. 181. Cohen pl. XIV, 4 .

- Countermarks Vespasians on Roman Famüiendenaren. 361

Two copies with 23/*^ on the back. a) Hf, Wand of Mercury. Rf. O as a symbol. This denarius It was in the Fontana collection in Trieste, the owner describes the same page 48 in the catalog he produced of the consular caps from his collection (Trieste 1827). On June 25th In 18G0 this came, which is now in the possession of the Oiovanni Font tana had passed over to Mr. H. Hoffmann in Paris public sale. The auction catalog he made The collection states in the preface that »jusqu'ä present

this collection a ^\& conserv6e intacte « , nevertheless

The stamped denarius is missing from it. By Hm. Hope- man I found out that the collection was made a few years before Several coins were lost at the auction, and there is good reason to assume that among the various the denarius called loren pieces was found. On the mono The afterstamp is drawn on the gram board in number 35.

Listed after Fontana's description: Mommsen Coin being p. 564. Blaca's translation II, p. 356. Cohen, De- description of the m6d. cons. p. XXXIX. Borghesi, oeuvres compl.

I, p. 211 in a note by Cavedoni. Baron d'Aüly Researches

II, 1, p. 23.

h) Stamping to the right of Jupiter. epithets and book- rods not recognizable. Weight 3.48 gr. Diam. 16-18mm. In the collection of Baron d'Ailly. Strong after impression

suspected.

Research a.a.O.

M • SERGI • SILVS • Q • Woman's head with wing helmet. RF rider with armor and helmet galloping into the Hands shield, sword and a severed head. (Blacas No. 168. Mommsen No. 162. Cohen pl. XXXVH.) Cancellation ^^*^ES* was in Borghesi's collection, I have information about the whereabouts of this piece and the collection in general. cannot find out anything.

Borghesi, Cohen and Ailly supra Blacas p. 361. Mommsen p. 553.

362 m. »ftHTfeidt,

L*SCIP*ASIAG* Peter's head with laurel wreath after 1.

RF Quadriga with Jupiter. Attend I* Ul>er den

Horses j serrated edge.

(Blaeas No. 187. Mommsen No. 201. Cohen pl. XIY, 3.)

Stamping 3/*^ on the hip, behind the head. This

The monogram of the title is indistinct because it is at this point

the denarius is pierced and the hole has also broken out.

The monogram of the name, on the other hand, is very clear and has

there was never an S at the end; this deviation stands,

As already mentioned above, just occasionally. Neumann forms

the denarius on Tab. VII, No. 13.

Eckhel I, p. CVII. Borghofii dec. III, 8th oeuv. compl. I, p. 211. Cohen p. XXXIX. Momrosen p. 575. Blaeas II, p. 378. Baron d'Ailly II, 1, p. 23.

T • MAL • AP • CL • Q • VR • Female head with wing helmet, behind it triangular Oeräth with a hole in the middle. BJ. Triga with Victoria. (Blaeas No. 194. Mommsen 177. Cohen pl. XL, 2.) Stamped \ES on the head of the Hf, muted and as a result of Neumann pars U, tab. Vn, No. 11 incorrect M. Ap. Cl. Q.M. read.

Eckhel I, p. CVII. Borghesi dec. III, 8th oeuv. compl. I, p. 211. Cohen p. XZXIX. Mommsen p. 561. Blaeas II, p. 388. Baron d'Ailly II, 1st p. 23.

Q- THERM* M-F- Youthful head with helmet. Bf, Fighting Warrior.

Stamped M^^NES on the back, left of the head. Mttnzcabinet in Turin. Mediocre; Weight 3.12 6r. 1S75 in Paris acquired by Rollin and Feuardent.

Not yet described. M • CATO* Female head with diadem. RF, seated

Victoria with palm branch and offering bowl. Blaeas No. 203. Mommsen No. 197. Cohen XJCXV, 5. Cancellation M^'NES* Was located after Borghesi's be- in the Museup Veritä. in Verona.

Borghesi and Ailly op. cit. Blaeas p. 397. Mommsen p. 572.

Oontremarken Vespaslan on Roman FimiliendeiiAreii. 303

P • SERVILI • H • F* RVU.I • Head of Miaerya with helmet and Aegis. Rf. Biga with Victoria the palm branch holding, including P(ablice). (Blacas No. 21 1 . Mommsen No. 208. Cohen pl. XXXVm, 6) . Two copies with M^'NES on the back. a\ In the Cabinet des mödailles in Paris. Weight 3.3 Or. Dorchm. 19mm., heavily dirty. This denarius seems to be the first to have been stamped, described and illustrated has been. Patin gives in his work Familiae romanae (Paris 1663) the description of it, something about it - giving way to Vaillant and Haverkamp in Morelliann's thesaurus. A comparison of the illustrations reveals the following differences from the normal denarii. s

Godmother p. 257 and 259. P. Servil is missing i. M. f. P.

Vaillant p. 413, No. XXIV, P. Servili is missing M. f. P. pl. CXXXI, No. 24.

Havercamp p. 390 and Ser- P. Servili. M. f. is missing P. vilia tav. I, 8.

Regardless of these differences, it seems that the three authors one and the same coin to be depicted, the differences in The drawing is probably just based on a bad one Preservation of the denarius, especially at the point in question. I I also believe that this example, which has been described three different times, plar with that of the Paris cab. of the m6d. is identical. The night stamps have the same shape and are located on the same Inspected place, the coins are heavily used and only with P. Servil is showing some effort, but it's all three The missing P is clearly visible in the illustrations. It's finally Patin's work in Paris, where the denarius is now located, was published.

Listed: Eckhel doctr. nnm. I, p. CVII. Neumann pop. et reg. nuro. vet. p. 185. Borghesi Decade III. OBserv. 8. Oeuvres comp]. I, p. 211. Cohen p. XXXIX. Mommsen p 579. Blacas II, p. 406 Baron d Ailly, Reoherches II, 1, p. 23. Godmother, Vail lant and Haverkamp a.a.O.

364 ^- Bahrfeldt,

b) Formerly in the SfttDmlung Riccio in Naples. Riecio be- writes in the Catalogo di antiche medaglie consolari (Napoli 1 855) his collection p. 185 No. 37 this with the postmark Vespasian's denarius of P. Servili M. f.; he is not pictured, but it is on the accompanying monogram plate Stamp (Monogr. 75] drawn vertically. On June 29, 1868 The collection came to auction in Paris, the Hm. Rollin and Feuardent had prepared the catalogue, but the denarius is not recorded in the same. Under No. 1416 of this catalog are six denarii from the master of the mill, P. Servili. M. f. united, It is possible that the stamped one was among them and is sold unseen, but with little truth This is likely to be the case, since elsewhere (p. It4, No. 223) the stamped denarius of Augustus is particularly noticed and is described as trös-rare. I don't have anything can find out the whereabouts of the coin. Riccio's statement probably cannot be doubted.

Listed: Mommsen and Blacas a.a.O.

CN-LENTVL« Youthful helmeted head (Mars).

Officer Biga with Victoria. (Blacas No. 129. Mommsen No. 232. Cohen pl. XIV, 7J Cancellation ^^ * \ES * Found according to Borghesi's report

together with No. 108; now missing from the Vatican Museum,

where it is supposed to have been.

Borghesi, Cohen and Ailly a. a. 0. Blacas p. 436. Mommsen p. 605.

GAR*OCVL-VER* Youthful Jupiter head with laurel Beer wreath, lightning bolt underneath. Bf. Jupiter in the Quadriga. (Blacas No. 239. Mommsen No. 229. Cohen pl. XI, 1.) Stamped M**\ES on the Hf. In the Vienna Cabinet.

Eckhel catalogue. pars II, p. 14. Blacas p. 452. Mommsen p. 601. Cohen, Borghesi and Ailly a. a. 0.

Contremarkeii Yespasiaiis on Roman family denarii. 365

P-YPSAE Head of Neptune with trident. Bf, C«YP SAE-COS-PRIV-CEPIT Quadriga with Jupiter, h, without, ö. with Scoi*pion.

(Blacas No. 274 a. Mommsen 268 a. Cohen pl. XXXII, No. 4.

Two copies with M**\ES and 23/*^ on the back.

a] Stamped counterclockwise on the head. This denarius Fontana owned it and included it in his catalog p. 100, No. 5 described. It is also missing from the auction catalogue, and must be therefore probably also counted among the lost pieces become.

Listed by C. Cavedoni in a note to the Oeuv. cpmpl. de Borghcsi p. 211 and 212.

b) Stamping reversed, left above the head. Weight 3.77 gr. Diam. 18mm. well preserved. In the collection the Baron d'Ailly. After printing the contract is mark struck very deeply. Here, too, the high price is weights up.

Researchers a.a.O.

CN.PLANCIVS-AED-CVR- Female head with smooth ter Kappe, perhaps the Diana Planciana. RF Wilde Goat standing, bow and quiver behind it. (Blacas 276a. Mommsen 270a. Cohen pl. XXXII.) Stamped S3/*^ on the hip, left of the head. Weight 3.5 gr. Diam. 18mm. heavily used, especially the RF In the Cabinet des m^dailles in Paris.

Pellerin makes in the 11th Suppl. pl. III, No. 11 and page 68 This denarius was first known in his work Recueil de mödailles, but reads the bearish stamp incorrectly for AB -/CS and says »j'avoue que je ne le con^ois pas, et je souhaite fort quc quel- qu'un puisse nous thunder sur cela des ^claircissements." New- man pop. et reg. num. vet. ined. p. 185 casts doubt on this reading and keeps the stamp after comparing it with similar ones Denarii correct for the declining Vespasians, and a “Parisian

Journal for KumismaÜk. III. 24

366 M. Bahrfeldt,

Friend” confirms this assumption after inspecting the MQnze.

— The counter mark is actually quite clear.

Performed by Eckhel dootr. num. I, p. CVII. Borghesi De- cade III» 8. Oeuvres compl. I, p. 211. Cohen p. XXXIX. Mommsen p. 630. Blacas II. p. 495. Note 1. Baron d'Ailly, Research II, 1, p. 22.

C-CONSIDI* Minerva head with helmet. RF Quadriga with Victoria.

Stamped ^^•^ES on the hip, right of the head.

Mttnz Cabinet Turin. Fairly received. Weight 3.17 gr.

Diam. 18mm. Purchased in Paris in 1874 by BoUin and Feuardent. Cook not described.

L -HOSTILIVS-S ÄSERN A Head of the Pallor n. right.

Rf. Diana holding deer and spear.

(Blacas H, p. 544. Mommsen p. 651. Cohen p. 113, 3.

pl XIX, 3.)

Two denarii with M**\ES on the Ä/*. down on the neck.

a) Such a denarius can be found described in the catalog Lodge of the Museum Hedervar p. 29, No. 511. After inspection The coin bears the stamp P*PVS, the illustration Tab. suppl. However, No. 6 clearly shows the Vespasian brand. Diam. 18 mm., covered.

Arranged Cohen p. XXXIX. Baron d'AiIly II, 1, p. 23rd in a note by Cavedoni in Borghesi, Oeuvres compl. I, p. 211.

b) In the collection of Baron d'Ailly. Weight 3.34 gr. Diam. 18 mm., covered. The similarity of both deuares is very large, the types are evenly covered with dirt, the diameter knife is the same, the counter mark is exactly on same place so I can't help but get both coins to declare the same, nevertheless Baron d'Ailly a. a. 0. both listed side by side.

BRVTVS-IHP-CASCA-LONGVS* Head of Neptune

to the right with trident. RF, Victoria with palm branch.

(Blacas I, p. 552. Mommsen p. 653. Cohen pl. XXXVIII,

No. 10.)

Countermarks of Vespasians on Roman family denarii. 367

Cancellation declining 23/*^ on the Rf, right of the Victoria. Weight 3.15 gr. Diam. 18mm., heavily used In my collection. The counter brand is not very elegant S shows this form ^ . I bought the denarius 1874 (from France furt a/M.], it comes from the collection of Baron Cozzer de

Contanavi.

Not yet described.

ANT-AVG-IIhVIR-R-P-C galley. Bf, Legion eagle between two field symbols. Legion denarii.

Seven copies.

a) LEG III*

Stamping M**\ES on the ship's side. Weight 2.99 g.

Diam. 17mm. Heavily used, especially after the impression

the field symbol page. In the collection of Baron d'Ailly. Research a.a.O.

h) LEG Villi*

Stamping M**\ES on the ship's side. Weight 3.2 gr.

Diam. 16 - 18mm., covered. In the Cabinet des mödailles in

Paris; According to Mr. Cohen's report, it has been there for about 100 years

10 years ago, the origin could not be given to me. Not yet described.

c) LEG XII ANTIQVAE*

Cancellation NES on field mark page. In the Vienna Cabinet.

Eckhel Catalog pars II, p. 14, No. 59. Doctrina num. I, p. CVII. Cohen p. XXXIX. Borghesi Dccade III, 8. Oeuvres comp], p. 211. Ailly II, 1, p. 22.

d) LEG XX-

Stamping M'-XES on the ship's side. Pictured by Neumann pop. et reg. num. vet. tab. VII, No. 11.

Eckhel doctrine. Cohen, Borghesi and Ailly ibid.

e) Leg? Cancellation 83/* ^*

Haverkamp leads p. 390 in the Thesaurus Mfvellianus at Be- Pronunciation of the stamped denarius of P. Servili. M. f. one

Legion denarius of Antonius with retrograde counter mark, in

24*

368 M- Bahrfeldt.

in his collection, but without the location of the collection. stamp and the number of the logon.

After Haverkamp performed by Eckhel, Cohen, Borghesi and Ailly a.a.O.

/) Leg?

Stamping M**\ES on the field symbol page. Strongly used, therefore the embossing is almost unrecognizable. Weight 2.9 gr. Diam. 17mm. In the Berlin Cabinet, comes from the peacetime

country collection.

Not yet described.

g) Leg?

M-ANT*III*VIR*R-P*C* Legion denarius, number of the I^region

blurred.

Stamped W * NES on the ship's side. Coin cabinet

Turin. Ship side in good condition. RF...very used. wt.

3.37 gr. Diam. IG — 17mm. Not yet described.

Denarii of Angustus. Three copies.

a) Head of Augustus to the right. Rf. Signis receptis, on a shield cli. vot.

Stamped W • \ES on the back Riccio describes this as formerly in his collection- lish piece in the catalog p. 114^ No. 823. Also in the auction catalog of the collection it is listed, and p. 50, No. 804 wrote. The coin was not sold individually^ but as a whole Series of Julia (No. 642-1026 of the catalog, over 700 pieces, including 37 gold ones) from Hm. Rollin and Feuardent fttr Gl 00 Fr. bought together, in whose boxes the denarius is no longer located.

Countermarks Vcspasians on Roman Faniiliendenaren. 369

b] AVGVSTVS*DIVhF- Head of Augustus right. JR/. Imp. X. Act. Apollo with lyre.

Stamping M*-\ES on the Ilf. Weight 3.50 gr. Throughra. 18 - 20 mm., well preserved. In my collection. Ge- bought in Frankfurt a/M in 1874. Counter brand of great rule moderation.

Not yet described.

c) AVGVSTVS-DIVI-F- Head of Augustus. Ef. Pushing bull.

Stamping M»*\ES on the Hf.1 Weight 3.50 gr. This denarius was in Mr. Baron's collection d'Ailly, however, as he wrote to me, is packing the things Collection lost during the 1870/71 campaign and cannot be found again.

TVRPILUANVS-III-VIR Head of Feronia to the right. RF, CAESAR AVGVSTVS Kneeling Parthian Holding standard.

(Cohen pl. XXXI, No. 4.)

Stamped M**\ES on the hip right of the head. Weight 3,:j5 Gr. Diam. 17 - 19mm., fairly preserved. The Postmark of rough work.

M. de Saulcy in Paris described this denarius in his treatise mentioned at the beginning. In 1873 there was The same is still in his possession, but is now in Mr. Anatole de Barthelemy passed it on to me willingly left for description. During the examination, ^I found However, it turns out that this coin is a cast of a real one is. You can clearly see the cast seam on the edge is filed away in individual places, and on both sides those characteristic small casting holes; the head also shows on the back, on the nose and chin small metal outgrowths, perhaps caused by the mold jumping out in those places

370 M. Bfthrfeldt,

were created. This fake coin with a counter mark is certainly interesting and various options can be make assumptions about it.

1) The Äbgnss is an ancient forgery that was in circulation and Vespasian put his stamp on it.

2) The cast is modern, as is the stamp and only in opened more recently.

3) The cast with the postmark is modern^ however from a genuine coin bearing the Contre mark taken.

I believe the latter, since you look at the letter of the Mark noticed the same small casting holes as on the coin themselves, which are a sign of simultaneous watering. Furthermore, the two monograms are very raw and blurry, from which I would like to conclude that the material of the form there has not been enough penetration and the postmark pronounced, so the casting is shapeless at this point lumps had to show. But where is the real thing? Original 1

Cuntcc mark eil Veapaaliua >ul' Huiutächeo FanitUeDdeuareii,

Overview.

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135

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formerly Cohen.

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163

181

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132

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formerly Borghesi.

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m

177

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300

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3.12

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203

197

M. Ctü.

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—

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—

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formerly Biceio.

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232

Approx. Lentul.

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—

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formerly in Hob.

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229

Um. ()«ut. Per,

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Vienna.

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270

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372 M. Bahrfeldt,

Countries of other emperors come, as said above, on family coins, but we find book letters and numbers, but mostly lines that cannot be explained, Arch and points deepened and raised partly on one, partly engraved on both sides. The recessed type is common *), the sublime, on the other hand, is very rare, and it can certainly be done after that Conditions of these marks reflect the manner of the Vespasians are definitely similar, probably due to a stamp on the part of a person. be closed. Here are the three I know:

1) M. Atilius Saranus. Helmeted head. RF, dioscures, has on the hind right of the head in a recessed oval a raised S. Weight 3.4 gr. Throughra. 19mm., ver- uses. In my collection (1873 from Hamburger. Kunsthalle acquired).

2) Paullus Lepidus. Female head with veil. RF, Paul luster. Carries on the stern, on the neck of the Concordia in a recessed rectangle the raised letters SS (Senatus sententia?). Weight 3.32 gr. Diam. 18mm.,

• 'heavily polluted. In my collection (1875 in Frank- ford a/m. purchased).

3) Caesar Augustus, head to the right. Rf. C. Antistius At the beginning III vir, pontifical emblems ^j . Wears after removal education at Neumann pop. et reg. H, tab. VII on the Head the raised letter S in the recessed square.

1) My collection includes, among other things, the following denarii with recessed ones Monograms and letters: \E on Hf. M. Poblici. leg. propr, A. Hf, Libo, AA Hf L. Flamini CUo, PR Hf. M' Acilius lllvir, B Hf. L. Papi, D Hf. A.Plau- tins aed. cur., O Hf. A Hf. P. Crassus M. f., N Rf. C. Herenni, P Hf. L. Pro- clli (Jupiter's head), Hf. T. Carisi (Biga), Bf Albinus Bruti f. (in the wreath), Q Hf.\ Libo, R Jtf Caesar (with xn), S Hf. Philippus, V Hf L. Fan. C. Grit. — This one Denarii are usually pretty worn out.

2) I would like to point out that this denarius was eaten remarkably often, it was real silver, on the other hand, is rare.

Contremarken Vespasians on Roman Fami Menden aren. 373

All three stamps S are very similar in shape, so that they can be considered the same age, and there one of them on a coin minted under Augustus There is probably reason to assume that the stamps only took place in the imperial era. It's quite true thus the declaration of the SS as Senatus Sententia; the Senate was only allowed to have copper minted, while the emperor had the coinage had the right of the other metals, in a conflict situation Stamp SS may have been created.

Literature.

1) Ailly, Baron d'. Research on the Romaine money Puis son origine jusqu'ä la mort d' Auguste. Tome II, Irish game. Lyon 1866. Nicolas Scheuring.

2) Avellino, Fr. M. Bullettino archeologico Napolitano pub- blicato du. Volume in. Napoli 1845.

B) Borghesi, Bartolom. Observation of numismatics. ab- printed in the Oeuvres compl^tes de Borghesi, Oeuvres numismatiques. vol. I and II. Paris 1864.

4) Caronni, P. F. Musei Hedervariani in Hnngria numos Antiquos Graecos et Latinos descripsit, anecdotos vel parum cognitos etiam cupr. tabb.incidi curavit. C. Michael a Wicsay. Vindobonae 1814. 2 vol. with 58 panels.

5) Cohen, H. Description g6n6rale des monnaies de la R6- publique romaine. Paris and London 1857.

6) Eckhel, J. Doctrina nummorum veterum. Volume I. Vin dobonae 1792.

7) Eckhel, J. Catalogus Musei Caesarei Vindobonensis numo- rum veterum. Vindobon. 1779.

8) Fontana, C. 0. Description of the console series Museo Carlo d'Ottavio Fontana di Trieste fatta del suo pos- sessore. Firenze 1827. Also see the auction catalog for this Collection of H. Hoffmann. Paris 1860.

374 ^I* ßahrfekit, Cootremarken Vespasiftos on Bömisi'heu FamiüendeDaren.

9) Haverkamp; S. Tbesanras MorelliaBOS, sive familianun Romananim namismata omnia diligentissime undiqiie oon- qnisita etc. etc. Amstelaedami 1734.

10) Jobert. La sdence des mödaiUes. Paris 1715 and 1727. 2 Vola.

11) Mölanges de Nnmismatiqae. One since 1874 in Le Mans magazine, published by de Sanlcy, Bartholemy and Hucher.

12) Mommsen, Th. History of the Roman mint system. Berlin 1860, translated by Herzog von Blacas »Histoire de la monnaie romaine”. Paris 1866 - 1875. 4 volumes.

13) Neumann, Fr. Populorum et regnm nnmi veteres inediti, collecti et illustrati. Vindob. 1779—1783. 2 volumes.

14] Godmother US. Familiae romanae. Paris 1663.

15) Pellerin. Recueil des mödailles grecques des rois, des penples et des villes. Paris 1765 f.

16) Riccio, Oennaro. Catalog of antique medals consolaris and the family novels. Napoli 1855. Also the auction catalog this collection from Rollin and Feuardent. Paris 1868.

17) Vaillant. Numi antiqui familiarum Romanarum perpetuis interpretationibus illustrati. Amstelaedami 1703.

Bremen.

M. Babrfeidt.

The quelques monnaies de Chersonese, Miletus and Salybria.

Parmi les monnaies from the collection de Prokesch-East, dont le Mns^e de Berlin vient de faire l'acquisition, se trouve un statöre de poids öginötique pnbli^ d^jk plus d'une fois et qui r^cerament encore a ^tö döorit dans la Numismatic Magazine IV. 1872. p. 210. 2. T. IX. 13 parmi les monnaies de la Cher- SonÄse de Thrace.

This classification me parait etre en d6saccord with le poids, les types et la provenance asiatiqne de ce stat^re, qui diffftre en tous points du beau t^tradrachme Attiqne du 16.76 grammes figur6 in the m€me Journal T. IX. 12 et döcrit a la p. 209.1 et dont Fattribution a la Chersonese de Thrace ne saurait 6tre douteuse, tant the pose of the lion and the style in lequel 11 est traitö sont particuliers acette contröe.

Le protome de lion par contre, avec sa gueule b^ante et sa patte ötendue en avant, est identique ä celui des monnaies de Guide and the poids come with a view to this city.

C'est ce qui avait d^jk engage le rMacteur du catalogue Gosselin (M. Feuardent?) en d6crivant sous le n. 142 un antr exemplaire anöpigraphe, k proposer une alliance entre Guide et Samos.

Mais l'examen de la legende, qui est plus compl6te sur un three exemplaire public par Mionnet, que sur le statöre de M. de Prokesch-Osten, prouve bien, que ce n'est pas k Samos roais k Guide meme, qu'il faut chercher la Solution du probl^me.

D^crivons d'abord les trois exemplaires connus.

376 J.P Six,

1) jR. A. Protome de lion ä droite, la gaeule b^ante et la

patte etendue. Rev. Tete et cou de taureaa k droite- The face of the face is in a carro crenx profond. Lingerie feuille de myrtle? Mionnet, Recueil, pl. L. n. 4. Catal. Gosselin, n. 142.

2) Jl. 5. 12.59 grams = 237 gr. Meme type moins archai-

que, derriöre ^O Rv, Meme type in a carr6 creux, devant +ED Mion. VI. p. 630 AD 128. Reo. pl. I. n. 5 et pl. XXX. 4. 5.

3) M. 5. 12.575 gr. MSme type. Ro. Meme type in an

carrt creux, lingerie S3X

V. Prokesch-Osten, Ined. 1859. p.5. T.I. 7. Berl. Leaves H 1865. p. 260. T. XXI. 5. Numism. Magazine IV. 1872. p. 210. n. 2. T. IX. 13. Brandis Mtinzw. p. 524.

En r^unissant les lettres divis^es sur le droit et sur le revers you statöre n. 2 on obtient donc la lägende XKPXOv fjaitov.

Or Elien Var. Hist. II. 33 parle des Xe^^orrjaioi and Kvldov et Pausanias V. 24. 7 aprös avoir mentionnö %ovg ev Kvldtf Xt^^ovfjolovq y dit: Kvtdloig 6i t'^g noletog to fikv ttoXv iv Tg ^'qneiQfp nenoXiotai ry Kagcx^ — . ^H Se naXov^iivt] Xe^^ovrjoog iotiv hrl Tj r^Traigq) xeifiiptj v^aog y€q>vQ

Ces donnn6es dijk rassemblöes par M. U. Köhler, Gesch. des Del. Att. Federal p. 195 are confirmed by the lists of the villes de la confederation Athänieone. Elles nous fönt voir que les habitants de Guide et ceux de Ghersonöse payaient s^par^ment le tribute, qui en r^gle 6tait de trois talents pour chaqune d'elles, une augmentation passagäre de deux talents pour Guide exceptee, V. Gorpus Inscr. Atticarum n. 228 - 264.

Le nom des Gherson6siens , 6crit six fois Xe^^ovi^aioi, est Orthography is the first fois, which is found in 4b2Xegao-

The quelques roonnaies de Chergon^se, Miletus and Salybria. 377

vrjaioiy ce qui est conforme a la legende Xeqoo- you stat^re et parait etre la vöritable forme du nom.

II ensemble donc que les deux villes qui'en faisaient plus qu'une du temps de Strabon et de Pausanias, etaient au 5mo si^cle deux cit^s distinctes^ striking chacune monnaie et figurant söparöment parmi les membres de la grande conf6d6ration pr6- sid6e par Ethanes, mais pourtant tellement unies qu'elles avaient Adopte k peu prös les memes types, Tune la tete de la Venus asiatique, lautre son symbols le taureau, v. de Vogti^, M61ang. d'arcb^ol. Orient. 1868. p. 63 sq.m. et toutes deux le Hon, animal consacrä au dien solaire^ qui ä Cnide ^tait ApoUon k en juger par le tropied qui se voit sur les monnaies de cette ville k une öpoque post^rieure, Brandis p. 472. C'est alors, aprös la r6union des deux villes, que la \j^iQ de taureau apparatus aussi comme type de monnaies k la Inende KNIAIfiN, v. Imhoof Blumer Choix pl. IV. n. 137. Mionn. ÜI. p. 341 n. 227. P. VI. p. 482 n. 229, 235, 236. Brandis p. 472.

Another particularity should be remembered. Les statöres de Gberson^se sont moins rares que ceux de Cnide du meme poids, mais les h^mistatöres manquent complötement, tandis que ceux de Cnide ont ötö trouvös en grande abondance. Or comme plusieurs de ceux-ci et pas prtoisöment les plus anciens sont anöpigraphes, v. Imhoof-Blumer Choix pl. IV. n. 127, 128, 130 - 133. Brandis p. 472, comme test also le statöre you catal. Whittall 1867 n. 490, it is the person permis de adopter This piöces avaient cours dans les deux villes en vertu d'un traitä comme les villes grecques en concluaient fräquemment entr'elles, et que c'est k this circonstance qu'il faut attribuer le marque de la legende.

H y li encore un homistatore aux types Cnidiens, qu'on

pourrait attribuer k une ville voisine. C'est celui de la coUec-

tion Waddington, que M. Brandis d^crit p. 473 sous Halica mass:

jR. 6. 6.18 gr. Protome de lion. Rev. A T6te de Vönur.

378 J. P. ßlx,

II me ensemble that les types convienoent mieux k Acanthe, Tille Bituöe noo loin de Cnide d'aprös Etienne de Byzance s.v. qnk Halicarnasse 9 qui ötait assezz distaste et oü d'autres types ^taient asity.

The difficulty is plus grande d^ trouver une attribution satis- faisante pour a seconde monnaie de la coUection de Prokesch- East served in the m6me journal. AI, 2. TSte de lion & gauohe la gueule b^ante. Rev. Carrera creux divisä en qnatre parties profondes. 2.46 grams. Nnmism. Magazine I.e. p. 210. 3. T. IX. 14. 2.59, Gatal. Whittall. 1858. n. 82. Brandis p. 521. 2.64,, Fox, Uned. coins I. pl. VI. 54.

2.70,, ma eollection.

Le poids conyiendrait bien ä la Chersonese de Thrace qnoi- qae il soit an peu faible pour des t&troboles Attiqnes aussi an- eiens, mais le carr6 creux n'est pas celui qu'on s'attend k troayer In this contrast and the lion's face is not in conformity with k Celle du mSme animal snr le t6tradractmie T. IX. 12 pour pou- voir adopter sans reserve rattribntion proposöe. Au contraire en examinant le tiers de statöre d*or de Miletus, döcrit par M. Brandis p. 394 d'aprte le Catalog Jyanoff n. 264 (don't read types sont pareils k eeox du statöre d'or, grav6 par Mionnet P. IX. pl. x. lection, j'ai remarqu6 que la tSte du lion couchö k ganche et regardant derriöre lui, atait identique k celle des monnaies d*ar- gent, que je yiens de däcrire. En outre le poids de eellesci est le mSme que celui des hect6s d'or asiatiques et la forme da carre creux convient Inen k TAsie Mineurs.

G'est ce qui me fait proposer de thunder k Miletus les mon- naies k la tSte de lion plutött qu'ä la Ghersonöse de Thrace, d'autant plus que les statöres d'argent des 11,42 et 10,S78 gr. que M. Brandis p. 396 ranks k Miletus and dont le second se trouve dans with cartons, there is nothing certain about 6t6, which is surprising in this city.

The quelques monnaies de Cherson^se, Miletus and Salybria. 379

Ce ne sont qne des exeraplaires frustes des »tatöres aux mSmes types. que M. Brandis döerit p. 486 and quil donne avec raison k une ville incertaine de Carie, vu la forme du carrc creux divis^ pas une volumes en deux creux oblongs, tels qu'on les trouve ä Camirus, k Lindus, k Posidium, k Phasölis et peut- etre k Halicarnasse, v. Borrell Num.Chron. IX. 1847 p. 152-154.

Ce carr6 creux 6tait encore en usage k Cnidus ou k Cher-

son^se, s'il est permis d'attribuer k une de ces deux villes le

stat6re suivant.

Jl. 4. 10,757 gr. Protome de lion k dr., identique a celui

des monnaies de Cnide. Rv, Carr6 creux divis6 par

une volumes.

Ma collection, you catal. Whittall 1867. no. 570.

The example is very frustrating and has a trace of mutilation; qui lui ont fait perdre de son poids primitif.

Milet ne peut pas non plus revendiquer les drachmes Atti- Ques et leurs divisions et le statöre de 13^05 grammes au types d'une tete de lion au revers d'un astre, önumer^es p. 460 and 461 de Touvrage de M. Brandis^ auxquelles il faut comparer les petites pi^ces de Pixodare au meme revers p. 476. Toutes ces monnaies ont 6t^ frappäes par les Satrapes Hecätomne et Mau- sole en Lycie et notamment k Xanthus, dont des pi^ces aux memes types published in the Berliner Blatter V. p. 1870. pl. LVI. 25, 26 portent le nom Lyogen Arina, v. Newton Halicar Nassus, p. 47.

Enfin la Numismatic Magazine donne k la p. 207 la description d'une Drachme Attique trSs interesting:

Ai, 3. 4,335 gr. Cocq k gauche. Mv. ZAAY, 6pi.

This pi^ce est ^videmment la meme que celle qui avait engagö M. Borrell k classer k Salybria de Thrace plusieurs mon- naies au type du cocq et k l'^pigraphe ZA, qui avaient it& trouv6es sur Templacement de cette ville, voyez le Num. Chron. IV. 1842. p. 6, oü la legende Z^ll n'est, comme s'en doutait

*

380 J-P-9ix, De quelqae« monnaies etc.

dej^ M. Bompois, qa'aiie faute d'impression. M. Bompois no g'est par laiss^ conyaincre par les arguments de M. Borrell. Dans ses »Eclaircissemeni« sur le Bom et la numismatiqae de la ville de Sanö« 1867. p. 16 — 21 il insiste sp^cialement sur Torthographe S^lybria ou Sölymbria, qae fournissent les inscrip- tions and the authors who mention the city.

Mais si les Atthöniens ne se sont pas genä d'öcrire ''Haaeot Ott ''Haatoi, Ar^qtoaloi, et ^Irjlvaioi les noms des habitants d'Assos, de Larisa et de lalysus, in contrast with Tortho- graphe con&tainment suivie sur les monnaies de ces villes, je ne Yois pas pourquoi il faudrait se refuser de croire que la ville Thrace ait portä le nom de Salybria parceqae les scribes Athä- uiens et les authors qni öerivaient en lonien ou dans le dialecte Attique, mettaient Salybria ou S^lymbria sur leurs marbres, V. Corp. Inscr. Attic. n. 229 - 259 and in the books.

Amsterdam.

J.P. Six.

Le quatriöme congiaire des Philippes.

Mr. le Docteur P. Brock, en partant of the mödailles frapp^es by les empereurs Philippe p6re et Philippe fils (magazine fllr N^amismatics, II, p. 225), döclara vraisemblable que le cipher IIII in the legend of LIBERALITAS AVGG-Illh, qui se trouve sur des piöces en argent de ce dernier, connues par les descrip- tions of Baron Marchant and Mr. Cohen, this is one of the fautes you engraver you coin. On the other hand, Mr. Brock, computer plus de three Liböralit^s pendant le r6gne de ces empereurs.

Cependant une mmaille au meme revers, mais en grand bronze, est poss6d6e par moi; une pi6ce semblable, tr^s-bien preserved, found in the collection of Mr. le Marquis Strozzi from Florence, I will inform you on April 3rd from Tannöe passöe. .

Je suis port6 a croire que this mädaille (selon toute ap- parence encore in6dite) soit une preuve assez convaincante du quatri^rae congiaire des Philippes, mis en doute par Mr. Brock.

II me ready, en eflTet, trös-peu probable que, s'il y a une faute, eile se soit gliss^e dans deux coins dififörents ^) , d'autant plus qu'ä this öpoque les mon^taires travaillaient encore avec assez de soin. D'un autre cot^ les fautes, meme pas trop fr6- quentes, que l'on remontre sur des monnaies frapp^es k Rome, consistent pluto en omissions ou en transpositions , qu^en ad- Ditions of letters or codes.

1) Meme, si on les veut gravi^s par un senl signator; car, selon Mr. Brock, 2i res temps le monnayage des troi.n iix^taux ne faisait dans le meme atelier et par les memes employ^s.

Journal for Xamiflmatics. III. #25

382 Hermann Ferrero, Le qnatridme oongiaiie des Philippes.

Enfin ia troisiöme Lib^rality des Philippes eut lien sans doate, Selon Eckhel (dont Fopinion me paratt partag^e par Mr. Brock) & roccasion de la cöl^bration da milltoaire de la fondation de Borne (1001 de B. ; 248 de J. C). Or la mort des deux empereurs sarvint dans la seconde moitiä de ran sni- vante. II passa ainsi assez de temps entre les deux övänements pour que le fait d'ane nonvelle Liböralitö, ordonnöe par les Philippes dans the bat de captiver la faveur chancelante there peaple, n'ait rien d'extraordinaire ^) .

Voici the description of my style engrand broaze: IMP*M* IVL-PHIUPPVS AVG- Baste de Philippe fils laur« k droite with the palace.

Bv, LIBERALITAS AVGG*IIII* Les deax emperears laaräs, assis k gaache avec la toga, ätendant la droite. Gelai qai se trotve plus k droite tient un scepter coart. A l'exergue, S.C.

1) Le Baron Marcliaiit supposa que la medal di^crite par loi li M frapp^e Dans le Ups de temps e'coule' entre U mort de Philippe p^re k Verone et celle da As k Rome. Je ne crois pas admlsslble this conjecture. Philippe Als fat mas- sacr^ par les pr^toriens, aiissitöt qu'on snt k Rome la noiiveile de la mort de Tempereur pdre, to(^ ou par ses soldiers, on en combattant againsttre les Urions de la Me'sie, qui, avaient üevi Ddce k Tempire. En outre la Mgende et le type du lapels proiivent qne les deux Philippes

Turin 3 January 1876.

Hermann Fmvtro.

A brand of the Thesmothetes.

Among the. Estimate what the Berlin Coin Cabinet in the collection of the Count of Prokesch-Osten the small bronze stamp, of which we have an illustration here give, not the least strange piece. She is has already been published repeatedly, but without ^that Editor had provided a sufficient explanation *) ; the renewed attempt to use the remaining Greek language that we have in it Getting people to talk about life is therefore not something that can be overcome. be liquid.

That the brand served official use in Athens has the Attic national coat of arms on one side carries. Of the attributes of the national goddess we find%ter the Owls, fourfold in number, placed diagonally; between two of them have oil leaves. The transcription d^eafio- &[e]TiSr shows the letter character of the fourth BC century; There's just an E on the back.

1) Beiil

^-)♦

384 Max Fnnkel,

If we want to determine the usage of the brand, so we have within the competence of the Thesmotheteneollegium to look for a store in which the name a letter plays a role. Such a thing can be done prove in the drawing of lots of the heliastic judges which the thesmothetes did ^) . How much the organization of the Attic juries are conducting a new investigation may be allowed, it is certain^ that the whole number of these those who had to act as priests, every year 1 sections were divided, each with one of the Letters from A to K. In the morning of every day On the day of judgment, all the jurors were on the to find markets, each with a legitimation mark, which was in his name and also the letter of his Section stated. The thesmothetes then drew lots for each of the gistrate, who was to preside over a court of law that day had a division of the jury, so that neither Presiding officials and the parties knew beforehand which people would intervene in their case; the Court locations were previously assigned to the officials. Was If a department was not drawn, those belonging to it had to be chosen Heliasts just went home and didn't see their hope only for the pleasant excitement of a court hearing other than also deceived into the daily wage of three obols 2). This Aristophanes gives us the most vivid picture of this solution in the Ekklesiazusen verse 682 and ff.: there were two lots set up, one of which has brands with the letters A to K designated, for the departments of the penitents contained, the others Loose with a designation of the courts*. The herald

1) PoUqx onomast. 8, 88: {^^ea/io&irtti) xal tuTg uQ/aTg imxXfiQovai tA StxaatrJQia tu fJia mal ra ^tjfioaia. See Schömann de sortitione iadicum ap. Athens., opusc. acad. I p. 200 ss.

2) Aristoph. Wasp. 303, Ecl. 688.

A brand of the Thesmothetes. 385

announced then, after the solution of the Thesmothetes was made: Department A has today in such and such to sit in court, Department B in that etc. ; where- each of them went to the restaurant assigned to them.

Accordingly, our brand will be perceived as a lottery brand. can grasp on which the E indicates the relevant department of the heliastic judges. Absolute security can be achieved Of course, the declaration cannot be used, so long as the small monument is the only one of its kind; in higher It would be achieved precisely if further examples plare should come to light, the name of which should appear within half of the letters A to K would remain. Before this case occurs, we have to deal with the possible and probable suffice.

The author made this statement at a meeting of the archaeological society in Berlin (Archaeologist. Time 1875 p. 61); Since then the brand has also been owned by Otto Benn- dorf in his “Contributions to the Knowledge of the Attic Theater” (Magazine for Austrian high schools, vol. 26) published as No. 52 been given. Benndorf considers it a brand of legitimacy to receive the money paid out by the Thesmothetes Ekklesiastensoldes (p. 64 of the separate print) . Let the E be the name of a phyle; the Attic people have in fact People's assembly sat together in groups and for each Phyle had a special entrance (p. 18 f.).

Benndorf's explanation therefore seems very questionable- lich, because the designation of the phyla by letters after their official order neither provable nor probable is ; But his interpretation is completely invalid if the pbyle-wise Order of the People's Assembly turns out to be untenable should. The great interest we take in the forms must determine under which of the demos of Athens its sovereignty The person who carried out the crime calls for a thorough examination of that

386 Max Frinkel.

View far more urgent than the desire, nnsenn how always strange little monument the right Dentang za secure.

Kar when people entered the ecclesia in phyla, B. believes that it is effective against intrusion by unauthorized persons Controle by the Lexiarchs and their 30 assistants who do that were ordered ^), would have been possible. The Lexiarchs are now not, as B. says, “forefather of the civil status register,” Rather, we know nothing about the competence of this authority except the control of the people's assembly. With the same Little law can come from civil status registers kept in phyla be spoken (p. 12 and p. 18); in reality they were Citizen lists are kept wisely by the demarches and the Ekklesiastenliste, the niva^hxlrjaiaoTixog of the Lexiarchs, We decided on the basis of the Demenlists, the y^afifiaxBia hj^ixxqxmQj written in such a way to think that to visit the Ecclesia not yet authorized but already adult boys People aged 18 to 20 were not accepted. That the The list of ecclesiasts was maintained in this way is explicit attested by Ps.-Demosthenes g. Leochares § 35: ol6g xr^v elg tov ^Otqvvitav Tiivaxa tov ixxXi^aiaorixov iyyQOipeiv avrov ^Ekevaiviog wv. Now the visitors to the people's assembly were probably mostly known to one of Person's 35 officers; it should once If this had not been the case, the person in doubt could first through the directory, then by referring to other existing credible people are recognized; except that was through legal punishment of the arrogance of Civil rights prevented. Instead of all relying on fortune telling Based on considerations, a completely safe work can be achieved. Gument against the arrangement according to phyla and against separate ones Specify inputs for the same: you would then have instead of the

1) Pollux Ö, 104.

A brand of the Thesmothetes. 3g7

Six Lexiarchs ordered ten, one from each phyla, as fttr eollegial authorities are otherwise ordinary.

Benndorf is completely wrong as “a clear witness” niss" for his assertion the probulenma that Xenophon Hellenica I 7, 9 has been handed down. In the proceedings against the field Herm of the Battle of the Arginuses requested Callixenos öiaipr]g)iaaad'at /Jd'rjvaiovg ndvrag xaza gwldg^ ^elvai, di elg trjv q)vlrjv Ixd- aTTjv dvo vöglag. By B. saying that the phylum structure has for must be specifically prescribed in this case if they are not would have been assumed as something self-evident he himself broke the baton of his constellation, because everyone will judge that two things are established here: the phylum wise vote and the public vote, consequently was neither is regular. The purpose of these measurement rules It's clear: through open voting you want the fearful scare yourself away from the passion that has reached the point of madness to resist the crowd that demanded the death of the generals; The division according to Phylen is based on the procedure at Ostra- kismos took over to the business of counting votes to facilitate; because, as with ostracism, the number of voting was an unusually large one, at least 6000, so here too is the entire citizenry [jid^tjvaiovg ndviagj called up. Also in the other cases where this number of Votes had to be cast, the phylum abbey is to accept ^) ; but the fact that they are also in the Tradition about ostracism as a special standard rule appears^), proves again that it is not otherwise common was. With such r^ijuog hc avdqi'^] it was also used with vocal

ig See Scbömann de coniitiis p. 128; Wcätermann reports from the Saxon. Geeellsch. d. Scientific 1850 pp. 17'2.

2) Schol. Arlstoph. Eq. 855: ;7(>ot/*i(>oTor*i o Jrj/nog 'oargaxov tlüifi^nv^ nul otav ^o^ff , itp^aTTtro oavCaiv /; ttyo{iu xu\ xaitliinopio tlaodoi

3) Audoc. de mystery. 87. Demostb. g. Aristocr. 86.

388 Max Fnnkel,

stones and not how. otherwise voted by gheirotony, and that the whole procedure differs sharply from that of an ordinary one The People's Assembly was divorced, this shows quite clearly that It is clear that these votes do not take place in the local area of the ecclesia, but took place on the market ^} . — That was usual Certainly the number of people taking part in a public meeting considerably lower than 6000.

Benndorf omitted to mention a circumstance which gives his opinion substantial support can seem. In the Demosthenic period it emerged that zor Handling order in every popular assembly a phyle was drawn who, in addition to the conducting persons, Epistates and the nine Proedren, took a seat in the stands ^).. That it wasn't a phyle of Käthes, as one assumes would take, but that all present members of the Aeschines g. expressly says that the Volksdetellnng were called. Etesiphon § 4: fj nqoBdqsvovaa gwlrj, to SexaTOv fiigog T^g TtolBiag.. — But this fact was also permissible in itself no stringent conclusion about the phylum arrangement of the Ecclesia and even less can those opposed to such reasons given refute.

With Böckh (Staatsh. d. Ath. I, 8. 309j, Benndorf claims, that the Theorikon “within the individual phyla on the basis of the Enrollment in the Grammateion lexiarchicon according to Demen was shared in the people's assembly" (p. 23). Check we whether the Theorikon is really in the people's assembly and whether it has been paid out in phyla. Refers to the former among the passages cited only Aischines g. Ctesiph. § 251.

1) With Rßcht, Ernst Cnrtius has this circumstance attested by Ostracism (▼see p. 387 note 2) assumed for all vofioi in avÖQl, Attic stages II, p. 41.

2) Aishin. G. Tim. 33: vfulg

A brand «ler Thesinotheteu. . 389

The speaker complains about the abuse that foreign envoys received not from council and people, but from private individuals would that these, d. h. Demosthenes and his followers, in live who exercised violence while the deluded people be fobbed off with the mere name of democracy. He continues: Mtihx äniQxea^s ^x rcov ixxhjaiwv ov ßovXevoafieroi aX)! woneq «c ruiv iqavo)v rä rcegiovra vei/j^afuvoi »then you go from the people's assemblies home as if you were coming from a picnic: it wasn't you who deliberated, but the remains of it The state treasury is distributed.” These words are rightly said Hieronymus Wolf has been referred to the Theorikon; the exit They force the payment of fixed-term deposits into ecclesia but not at all. The speaker wants to emphasize the contrast between what should happen in the people's assembly, and what really happens: it should happen through free decisions the internal order of the state is determined and its actions are determined be determined externally; but since the demos individual the factual tical state leadership (tcjv ö^ egywv szegocg jtagaxexüjQrjxsvi, his advice is only apparent; in Truth is that the activity of ecclesia only consists in this Distribution of fixed-term deposits. — But it is, to put it that way can, necessary that in the people's assembly really this distribution took place? Certainly not, just that it is decided there, like the pseudo-demosthenic one Speech rregl avvta^ewg itself as one in a people's assembly Demegory maintained with this agenda exists. More effective the speaker cannot express that a consultation about Such a subject no longer even has the name of a consultation deserves it, as if he had given this exercise of Largition to the ßovkev- aaad^ai almost opposite. One wonders whether in one In modern parliaments a speaker could not say: “we We no longer make decisions here, we just distribute Endowments« I

390 Max Frankel,

This interpretation of the passage seems necessary if one considers the process of distributing money to be a very large one Number of people trying to make present. Böckh (Staatssh. I, p. 315) calculates 18,000 theoretical icon recipients, whereby It should be noted that the same (p. 324} only 8000 than the average frequency of ecclesia itself in . Peacetime places, Benndorf (p. 18 of his work) takes at least 6000 Participants in the people's assembly - we hold as above already noticed, both approaches fttr too high. — How should you? in a place set up for completely different purposes, be it Pnyx or Theater, the payout to such a crowd imagine practically? How much time do you think is necessary for this? since the eligibility of the individual had to be checked? In addition to another agenda, this business is important probably not done; But if you get the hang of it because of it should have come together specifically to form an avyKlrjrog, why not order them to a more suitable location have? — We think that for each individual demen there is one A date was set and it was made known to them where it would be Fixed-term deposit in the office of your demarche from the Theoriken* authority has been paid. We know the number of members not; If there were several, they could come in deputation different demes at the same time. That the demarch at the payout was due to the fact that it was due to the ygafiftia- Tsla IfjSi^QxiKoi to the Demotes took place at the same time is in the pseudo-Demosthenic Bede against Leochares (or. 44) § 37 expressly attested.

In any case, this irrefutable testimony to the consideration the process is to be taken as a basis; Benndorf leaves from another place: Lucian, Timon 49. As here Timon, Bhetor Demeas, suddenly became rich again sees coming towards you, says ^r: ineidij Ttqtfrjv Haxe ry ^Efe- X&tfidi qwly öiavifisiv t6 d'efaqmdv xdyto Ttqoa^Xd'Qv aitih %d

A brand of the Tliesmotheten. 391

yiyvofievov, ovx B(prj yvtoQiKBiv 7ioliTrjv ov%a f.iB. A contradiction between the two places need not be assumed den: from Lucian it would only be possible to conclude that the theoretical Authority consisted of ten men and that each of the same acted for a tribe; nevertheless the distribution would have can be achieved accordingly. But we deny each Right to consider the Lucian passage as a testimony at all strive; because it is clear several times from the same dialogue, that it never occurred to its author to make anxious studies of Attic state institutions. Benndorf himself emphasizes (p. 22 note 2) that for Lucian the Demos Kollytos belonged to the Phyle Erechtheis, in truth but means to the Aegean. Furthermore, if the Areopagus after the expulsion say the honest Demeas with the Kathe of the Five Hundred Timon expects (§ 50), then Lucian has at most from the func- tion of the former in its own time an idea to which of Timon he was only a murder court. And even that in the highest first degree delightful psephism, in which Timon so unheard of honors are bestowed that it is only appropriate seems when the announcement of the same quickly takes place Dionysias should be celebrated - calls this psephism his applicant only at the end, doesn't shy away from it a dedo^d-ü) jrj ßovkfj xal zt^ di^^q) and is not satisfied not to be decided by the council and the people, but rather secures xai tij ^Hlial(f xai raig qwläig xal TOig drj^oig idlif xai xoivg näai to be pleasant *), although we are not so curious are allowed to ask what we think about this iditf xai xoivjj should. — Lucian hardly understood the distribution of the theory rikon cares more than the belonging of the demen, the form of the psephisms or the competence of the Heliaia^}.

1) xat rorr^ (fvXaU can apparently be read instead of the traditional ycrrnr ffvXtti,

2) Heraldus (animadversiones in Salmasil observations ad ins att. et rom. VI, 10,3), which Bdckb refers to, ride Aristeidet m^X xOv rtrrcrp. 227

392 times Frankel,

< We believe we have proven that according to our sources the Theorikon neither in the Volksyersammlung nor according to Hiylen had been distributed. We have one more place to consider, to which Böckh (Staatsh. I, p.309) concluded that one I even distributed the fixed fees at the Dionysia in the theater, while she does not refer to these at all, but in A completely different aspect deserves all attention: Isocrates negl slQijvfjg 82. The speech presents itself as one during the Democracy held during the Allied War and has the tendency to to oppose the Athenians' maintenance of naval supremacy advise. The Delian League has citizenship; ttbermttthig and made hateful: this is how people at the Dionysia slurred theater the surplus from the tributes of the federal enjoyed, divided according to talent, ^ brought into the orchestra and at the same time introduced the orphans of those who died in the war.

(ptg. 298 Dind.) an: t^v dk ttoXihxtjv tt firj navtag iTraideuaav *j4&f\vtt£ovg Offiiaroitl^s ttal JIfQixkrjs xal MiXridJrig xal Klfifov, firid* anavrag l(f'€^ijg ßiXriovg inolf\aav xara ffvlag xai xai ävdga mtrniQ ikitOQtxov r^y Iniorif^ fitjv tfittvifÄOVTfSf eJd^ vnfQffv^s ri (fi^Oofiev xat avrtSp €VQfjx^yai., tog oud* avToX ßeXxCovg ovdivog ijaav ttg ravrn; This “ZengnisB” doesn’t say it a hair's breadth better than with the Lnkian: when the declamator does the speech- flower from the medium of education in the type of fixed deposits a little more voluminous wanted to do — he also uses them nfQi ^rjro^. 100 p. 135' - he has himself I do not consider it at all obligatory to tell the truth beforehand on such a point to Constantine. Otherwise he would probably have noticed how clumsy he was with Mil- tiades, Themistocles and Cimon connects with the Theorikon, which Pericles first introduced it. What the scholiast of Aristeides tells is just over revealed from the words of its author. It is possible that the Largitlone romi- Emperors to the Athenian phyla took place in a phylactic manner and that therefore the same like idea of the Theorikon emerged; at least divorce of the times The excellent Meier also demands (de bonis damnatorum p. 79), who also the proportionate distribution of the Theorikon assumes. In the Berlin lesson catalog In the winter of 1829 (small writings IV, p. 154 note 3) Böckh still submitted the proposal Ctesiphon in Demosthenes' wreath speech § 118: as is well known, he also has later recognized the inauthenticity of these documents, which he despaired of saving. had to use the appropriate means. Through Droysen's penetrating investigation (the Authenticity of the documents in Demosth. Talk about the wreath, Berl. 1839) is this Question solved; about the words in question here inidtoxi rotg ix naatSp jdfp tfvXtäy ^eofQixotg xtX. compare p. 27 f.

A brand of the Thesmothetes. 393

SO that the allies are accused of disregarding their property, which was carried by Miethlingen, made it clear that but to the rest of the Hellenes the number of orphans and those from suffering caused by insufficiency. — This is not the case There is talk of a people's assembly in matters of the great Dionysia was held in the theater, but the people present ity of the non-Attic Hellenes and the idea of the with orphaned ephebes to be given a gift of armor shows, that it is the festival itself. Would have now here is the distribution of the theory paid for from the tributes had taken place, Isocrates would have done so according to the purpose of his speech It is impossible to conceal a fact that is more than that the strongest mockery of the allies present appeared niusste, and he would not have been content with the less hateful one Just to mention the fact that their property is owned by the public was carried by slaves. Only the latter is in the words of the rhetorician, we therefore need not exclude lead to how unthinkable it is that the Largition could be During the celebration itself, in the presence of non-citizens took. But from Isocrates we learn the strange and how it seems to be overlooked in the representations of these relationships The fact that the surplus from the tributes of the previous performed year by talent in the pomp of the Dionysia is '): on the festival which is marked by the tribute payment present envoys of the federal congregations a high became politically important, people also wanted testimonies of the Athens' foreign power is on display, and we understand now better that the Colouie in Brea is abandoned for this- the same pomp to deliver a phallus 2).

1) Koraift was on the way to the correct explanation; he thinks that the Remains of the Tril)utes were carried into the theater (oe h nofiJij.

2) C. I. A. I, 31. The complement xal fg ^ftovvat]a (fnklov is from Börkh from the necessary number of letters found and accepted by Kirchboff.

Max Frinkel.

Medals of Elector Joachim I. from Brandenburg.

The oldest BraDdenbar^ache medal is the one-sided one here depicted, previously known ') with the bronze statue of the Kur- Prince Joachim I and the inscription: iOACHIMI MARCHIO NIS BRAND-P-E-;CT-SVE XXXV .V. The last two Letters of the title are incorrectly read by Spiee P F and

1771. HU Fig.

A brand of the Tliesmotheten. 391

y$yp6fiBvov, ovx $(prj yrtagiKav 7ioliTrjv ov%a fiB. A contradiction between the two places need not be assumed den: from Lucian it would only be possible to conclude that the theoretical The transport consisted of ten men and that each of them acted for a tribe; nevertheless the distribution would have can be achieved accordingly. But we deny each Right to consider the Lucian passage as a Zengniss strive; because it is clear several times from the same dialogue, that it never occurred to its author to make anxious studies of Attic state institutions. Benndorf himself emphasizes (p. 22 note 2) that for Lucian the Demos Kollytos belonged to the Phyle Erechtheis, in truth but means to the Aegean. Furthermore, if the Areopagus after the expulsion say the honest Demeas with the Kathe of the Five Hundred Timon expects (§ 50], then Lucian has at most of the func- tion of the former in its own time an idea to which of Timon he was only a murder court. And even that in the highest first degree delightful psephism, in which Timon so unheard of honors are bestowed that it is only appropriate seems when to proclaim it quickly one's own Dionysias should be celebrated - calls this psephism his applicant only at the end, doesn't shy away from it a Sedox^ü) jfj ftovlfj xal %([} di^^q) and is not satisfied not to be decided by the council and the people, but rather secures xal %^ 'HXial(f xal raig qwlalg xal tolg dtj^oig ldi(f xai xoivg näoi to be pleasant ^j, although we are not so curious are allowed to ask what we think about this idlif xal xoiv^ should. — Lucian hardly understood the distribution of the theory rikon cares more than the belonging of the demen, the form of the psephisms or the competence of the Heliaia^j.

1) xai Ta7( (fvlttis is apparently to be read instead of the traditional xtira tfvXtif.

1) Heraldus (animadversiones in Salmasil observations ad ins att. et rem. VI, 10,3), which Bdckb refers to, Aristeides nt^l tor rtrrcrp. 227

396 A.T. Saltot,

what I was able to find out about this Titalatar^), is now not a step further. One held the PRIM, which was on Thalem Joachim I from 1521 and 1522, initially fttr an error of the die cutter instead of PRIN ; the title princeps elector is a translation of “Eurflirsta, or as it says in a contemporaneous document »chooser Fltrst"; anf coins this is princeps elector the ordinary Title of the Kurflirsten vokj Brandenburg since Friedrich L, as well have the seals and documents ^j; but the PRIM for one To take mistakes instead of PRIN, as it happened before and what To me, from an expert perspective, it is also the most likely was recommended seems questionable; should have several stamps from two years always have this error on the main page, while the reverse side of the same coin is clearly PRIN has? For the numismatist this is always the last, desperate feltest means. Spies' suggestion to "marchio Brandenbur" gensis”, i.e. in the sense of “first, supreme margrave”. zu Brandenburg", senior of the house, is deemed inadmissible hold. It is completely impossible to add this primus to the name draw (like CAROLVS PRIMVS on Prague Groschen, SIGIS MVNDVS PRIMVS v. Poland etc.), or even PRInceps IMperii to want to read; there is no separator after the R and no gap. The striking appearance of the PRIMus instead of the everyday PRINCEP is still a mystery for the time being.

Spies correctly dates the medal to 1519, because Joachim was born in 1484.

The Berlin coin cabinet has an unfortunately rather modern The bronze cast is certainly original, as always

1) The Herreu Go. Archivists Dr. Friedlaender and Dr. Grossman and State archivist Dr. Hille answered my questions most kindly. The The title “primus elector” is unknown to them.

2) E.g. Seal of Joachim I. A document of Jbachim II in Ranke, German History etc., VI, 196, Articali etc. The “choosing prince” Ranke III, 188 Note .

The medals of Elector Joachim I of Brandenburg. 397

Medals of that time, pieces modeled in stone or wood; whether and where any simultaneous chased bronze castings are located Find it, I don't know ^) , So worth it to my friend too That medal may appear in patriotic history, so it must but from the point of view of criticism it is not entirely favorable Judgment about the diplomatic accuracy of the portrait be, nor is it a monument to the Brandenburg artistic industriousness, but rather dern belongs to the south of Germany. The medal shows probably not, like probably so many other Germans and Italian of that time, a depiction immediately after life posed image, but seems to be the one that was known in later times , taking over, imitating other originals, frowned upon To belong to the class of “suites”, of course not to the ones that have long since arrived worthless suites restored after the death of the sitter seventeenth, eighteenth and our century; she is yours Original at the same time, or just a year later and from pretty well-behaved, characterful work.

The original of our medal is probably a chalk Drawing by Albrecht Dürer from 1518.

Dürer visited the Augsburg Reichstag this year and filled his sketchbook there; as later on the Lower country trip, with a large number of profile portraits of the princes and lords present, among them, for example

1) In almost all art history and numismatic books ntid catalogs the description of the medals is neglected in the most irresponsible way; the Orund is probably the little knowledge that authors and dealers have of these rare and beautiful works from the 15th and 16th centuries. A medal The description is worthless if it is not explicitly stated whether it is cast (cast in ancient times), simultaneously chased, or whether it is embossed. “Original casting” and similar commercial catalog names mean nothing. Even worse than in catalogs, the medals are usually found in the books. wrote; so e.g. B. is mentioned in a newer book, where the medals of Grand Master and later Duke Albrecht of Prussia is mentioned violent indignation from this clever man who is so useful to evangelical culture Manne spoke, but it is not said whether his medals were cast or shaped, but only: they were "organized",

Time magazine for KamismaÜk. III. 26

398 ^* ^* SaUet,

Ulrich y. Huts. These portraits, mostly on papers with the water that is well known in Dttrer's drawings and engravings. serzeichen, exactly - as far as the personalities are concerned - with other simultaneous portraits of the sitter^ nnd — what the names of the same - completely consistent with Haselberg's Erzeieh- niss of the visitors to the Reichstag ^) are unfortunately the same from later, . barbaric hand cut out like a silhouette and at the beginning of this or the end of the last century in three collections: Berlin, Weimar, Bamberg (Heller's estate) been distributed. Previously because of their light and witty Drawing in general as a significant, drawn from life While many of Dürer's works have been admired, they have recently experienced one just as energetic as without any trace of science Seriously pronounced condemnation by Professor Dr. M. Thausing in Vienna ^) , who even said few words at all denies any resemblance to those depicted, while I with slight effort only from the Berlin part of the drawing^i a lot exactly with other simultaneous images of the depiction provided consistent evidence 3).

This series of Dttrer's drawings, perhaps... from the outset with consideration for the portrait medals and, as A. V. Zahn said, as future models, “yizations” to, were designed in profile, we now find in the Aeosser

1) Haselberg, Stend of the Holy Roman Empire, etc. Augsburg 1518. In BöckiDg, Hatten V, 281. ^

2) Magazine f. picture. Can Vl/tö71 p. 114.

3) See my “Investigations on Albrecht Düren p. 1 — 15. That The results of my writing Ton art scholars attacked most violently been rejected is regrettable evidence that the current participants in this science still often lack an understanding of critical and archaic Valian consideration of the works of art is missing.

Thausing's claims have already been made by A. v. Zahn (yearbooks of the Art studies V.) duly rejected and the drawings returned to one old, good, pure simultaneous master. I only have a few Few factual and critical contributions were made, which Dürer was the author of earlier Nobody doubted, completely sure.

The medals of Elector Joachim I of Brandenburg. 399

features precisely and, as far as facial features are concerned, in general I also think it's pretty faithfully copied from one (or several?) slightly Nttrnberger, certainly South German, capable medalist, who, although technically well educated and skilled, never once again the copy, which is far behind the witty originals. style can deny. In particular, Nuremberg residents are the ones that medalist in his, often marked with the year 1519 Suite *) from Dürer's drawings, which he produced at the Augsburg Reichstag 1518, later, 1521, on the Dutch district and partly probably made in Nuremberg himself, recorded, but also some others, non-Nümbergers, can be found among these- sen medals, such as Johann Wenck, Abbot of Heilbronn, who Count von Henneberg, Sigismund von Dietrichstein ^) and the Kur- Prince Joachim I of Brandenburg. The excellent Dürer's Drawing of this half-length portrait of Elector Joachim, who... Visited the Augsburg Reichstag in 1518, is located in Berliner Kupferstichcabinet and is reduced in size next to the medal pictured. The signature: “MargraflF Jochaim Churfürst”. later, but certainly the original Dürer's signature accurately reproduced, added.

One will recognize with ease. that our medal is probably nothing more than a good one. in food matters quite- Really exact copy of the beautiful drawing. Joachim appears here beardless, as on his, a similar face only the raw Thalem shows the faintest whiskers of 1521, while another of the same year and that of In 1522 he was already depicted with a full beard. is striking the resemblance of his bearded face to his brother, Cardinal Albrecht of Mainz. At the same time as that Elector Joachim was also visited by his son, the Margrave

1) See my “Investigations about A. Dürer” p. b.

2) This medal is not to be confused with the one shown by me (p. 7). the little embossed visual piece of this man.

26*

400 A. V. StUet,

Joachim (II) as Prince the Reichstag, as well as in Haselbergs The directory from 1518 is mentioned; also this character nete Dürer, and this portrait with the signature: “Margraff Jochaim Sohn" is also in the royal family. Button stitch cabinet closed Berlin kept. We see him from his coins and medals Daillen as a bearded man with a striking HohenzoUem type well-known princes ^) as a fourteen-year-old youth of fine, slight features; he is, like his father, with that time Covered with the usual big hat everywhere. Maybe it will still work, also a medal from Joachim H. can be found, which is also&Us may have been made based on Dürer's profile drawing. A second medal belonging to Joachim I is in the “Tresor de Numis” matique et de Glyptiquea^) shown:

Hß EFFIGIES- DOMINh lOACHIMhMARCHIONIS- BRANDENBVRGEN-PRIN-ELECTORIS-ETAT- XXXXVI-ANNO-SAL-M'D-XXX* At the end of the Inscription for the artist Friedrich Hagenauer characteristic vine leaves. — Bust portrait of the spa Princes with plumed hats, in rich costume, facing left. Left In the field, on the bust, Hagenauer's monogram FI

Bf. The distich: SCEPTRIGER | IMPERII lOACHI MVS I MARCHIO PRINCEPS I BRANDENBVR GElT* EMI I CAT HISTE (she) MODIS, below a small decoration. EVER. 70 millimeters.

It is a cast and chased work by the Augsburger Medalist Friedrich Hagenauer ^) . After the on mechanical

1) It is strange that so many faces of Brandenburg princes aaf Medals and coins of the 16th century are so decidedly HohenzoUernian Have character: according to Albrecht Alcibiades, as a child and as a man, Duke Albrecht Ton PreuBsen, Casimir yon Baireuth, Johann von Cüstrin.

2) Choix de mtfd. ex^c. en Allemagne, Paris 1841. Plate XLV, 2.

3) Bolzenthal, sketches e.g. Art. d. mod. Medal Work, p. 131. The There are notes about the monogram given there and in the text of the Trtfsor not exactly. It is composed neither of H nor of P • H, but of F H . See Bergmann, Med. on etc. Manner d. ostr. Kaiserst. I, 159 f.

The medals of Elector Joachim I of Brandenburg. 40 1

Judging by the way the illustration is made, this medal is how The name of the artist alone guarantees an excellent work; the face matches the Lucas Cranach painting exactly.” from the year 1,529 *) . Joachim appears here with a massive beard and, especially in Granach's picture, has a whole the character of the man who is excellent in his own way, but tough and often cruel man, something reminiscent of Garacalla reminiscent unfriendly expression.

There is no doubt that Hagenauer won the spa in Augsburg princes after life, in 1530 during the reign of Augsburg Reichstag, modeled how the hard-working one quite rightly did Köhler said 2): “probably by an Augspurgi artist Händewerck, who represented the Elector of Brandenbürg, Joachim the first, with his presence on the famous Reichs- day at Augspurg A. 1530 was honored with this 3)« . Köhler discusses Of course not the original of that Hagenauer medal, but because, like his somewhat embellished illustration, compared with A silver piece from the Berlin Coin Cabinet proves that pathetic embossed copy of Hagenauer's medal H. instead of FI. and KT AT instead of ETAT, a miserable one, apparently work made for the purpose of blatant fraud last century, probably also the most common ones false stamp of the Thaler Joacliims L and TL. et al. attached listen *) ; These rare thalers were almost as high back then paid than now.

Ij Depicted in the second volume of Stillfried's Alterthünicrn etc. of the house Hohenzollem. 1867. In the law firm library in Baireuth.

2) Coin loss. XV, 1743, 370.

3) Hagenauer's other medals are also from the Augsburg Reichstag in 1530, i. B. the Baron vonAVintbag, Trucbsess King Ferdinand I on the Augsburg Reichstag. S. Bergmann 1st c. I, p. 170, plate XII, 52, the Kurbrandenburg Rathschulenburg n.a.

4) Dreigröscher (grossi argentei tripHoes) Joachim II now in Berlin made, where at all the counterfeiting of rare, newer coins is based on the shameful is operated loosely.

402 A. ▼. Sallet,

According to what has been said, this is also the opinion of the author To correct the catalogs of the Beieher collection, which the bad, embossed medal for a replica of an old die mmg holds 1) .

The one depicted by Köhler, aa^h in Beichel's collection described and in a third copy in the Berlin Mttnz- The piece stored in a cabinet therefore has very little value a completely unsuccessful one, albeit in externals reasonably accurate copy of an important contemporaneous work, The fbr onsre collection is unfortunately a pium desiderinm so far has remained.

A third medal belonging to Joachim I is supposedly the one in the safe de Numismatique 2), without the title of elector:

IOACHI^VS•D G MARCHIO-BRANDEBVR Image- niss of the bearded prince in the upper body, from vom, armored without headgear, the rights to the Hip, left on chest. 36 millimeters.

But this is not Joachim I, but his son and successor follower Joachim ü., with whom the portrait has a similarity and in whose time the medal obviously belongs^); it seems a Work of the excellent Saxon artist Tobias Wost, who it loved such models, from and in profile, as knee stttck; to cut into stone and to ice their casts cleanly. liren. A very similar (maybe the same?) medal is from Heraeus (Plate 40, 3) correctly as Joachim ü. shown, an The other one (Heraeus plate 40, 1) becomes Heraeus in the text certainly mistakenly attributed to Joachim I. Both pose apparently Joachim 11.

1) Volume IV, 83.

2) In the cited Bfoid, plate VII, 8.

3] More information about this medal, on which there is also a Rak side, can perhaps be given later.

The medals of Elector Joachim I of Brandenbarg. 403

I don't know of any others from Joachim I and his family, Medals worked during his lifetime are known. Zn- The closest in age are those of Prince Joachim n., alone^) nnd with his wife Hedwig of Poland (the latter medal recently in a beautiful chiseled original gnss from Egl. Mttnzcabinet arrived), which is in the Berlin collection in one A carved hollow silver medallion located in an excellent example by Joachims ü. Son Friedrich, later Archbishop of Magdeburg, from 1548, the medals of Johann von Güstrin n.s.w.

All of these old Brandenburg medals are very rare. ten, like all those who represent North Germans; this often admirable art flourished, apart from Saxony, more so in the rich, splendor-loving southern Germans cities and states, and the few existing brands* As we have seen, some of the Burgenian medals also have their home in southern Germany.

1) There is probably no contemporaneous original by Joachim II. Lo-leading work of the Torigen century, with head Ton Torn, from ab- frightening prettiness and the rawest execution.

A.V. Sallet

Miscellaneous.

Counterfeit coin from Epirns with the name Ale- xander. In the yortreff loan Auetions-Eatalog the collection 6r6aa a false coin is described under No. 12S1 and pictured; since she appears among all the ostentatious and valuable ones, it is necessary to prove them to be false so that they don't be permanently accepted into the ranks of the outlaws.

It is a didrachm, on the back, the head of a hero with Corinthian helmet (not Pallas), in front of it is written AAE"AN APOZ ; on the left there is an eagle with its wings spread Pages ATTEI PfiTAN, the whole thing in an oak wreath.

This is a combination of two coins with fake ones stamps, and I have both of them: one has the identical head with AAE"ANAPOZ and on the RF, Pegasus, P and a small helmet as a symbol. Mionnet I, 319, 999 describes it incompletely and as a "refaite", What would be better called “coin moderne,” his sulfur paste I also have a copy. The second coin has the 6r6au'sche Rf, with a head of Zeus and two mono- grams. Mionnet H, 48, 15 also describes this as a coin modern.

The Gr6au'sche is combined from these two coins, and Mionnet also described this combined, but incompletely. ben (II, 48, 16j. He calls her fourr^e; if she really is, so

MIscelleD. 405

The false stamps have to be pi*ged onto a real subaerate be, a procedure that Becker also killed.

The dies of both false coins are very well cut- ten, probably in Italy in the 16th century, and Greau's Specimen is very deceptive; Edge and silver color leave trust that the planchet of an ancient coin is used for this purpose is by perhaps filing down the old stamp a bit and then stamped the modern stamps.

But the repeated, most attentive comparison of Gr6au - see the example with the two coins and the Parisian swiss felpasten didn't leave the slightest doubt that it was always the same four stamps in different Corabina tions are. J. Friedlaender.

The alleged Eparch on silver coins from Abdera. In the essay above, Imhoof explains the transcription EPAP+EMBPOTO on an old silver coin from Maronea for the title Eparch and the name Embrotos. If now, This name is also known from an inscription, but it is the name Archembrotus - the father of the poet Tyrtaeus - at least as well handed down, and the rule that on the Coins from Maronea the name of the official always without title, either (less often) in the nominative case or with a preceding one EPI in the genitive makes it certain for me that we on the coin in question not iTtccQxov ^E^ßqozov, but by analogy with the other contemporary coins from Maronea hl ^QXBfxßqoxov have to read. The random space between the % ^^^ ^ proves nothing. For such ancient times would be Such a magistrate's title on coins is also a very eye-catching falling appearance. A.v. S.

Coinage of the Palmyrenes under Claudius. If also due to an overly subjective approach to style, the numismatics of the Imperial era suffers, we are entitled to use striking style

406 Literature.

tt agreement even with the latest, artless coins for the history to draw important conclusions. I recently acquired for the Egl. Collection of a Billondenar from Claudius Gothicus: IHP C CLAVbiVS AVG Bust portrait with crown to the right. Rf. AEQVITAS AVG Standing Aequitas to the left, in the ab> cut ball, which of all other denarii of the emperor completely different and a very striking resemblance to them Denarii of Vaballath and Aurelian shows. When fully opened The emperor's head has an exact portrait resemblance the same sharp - I would like to say "bourgeois" character, like the heads of the Aurelian Vaballath denarii. It's close to assume that the present denarius is also of the same Asian table mint, and he is a, if still weak, but not to be passed over in silence, knows for what is already a pretty certain fact that under Claudius the Palmyrenes, although in fact in possession of power, not yet on any scientific monuments as co-regent of the emperor were recognized. A.v. S.

Literature.

M^langes de Numismatique, publ. p. F. deSaulcy, A. de Barth61emy et E. Hucher. Le Maus 1875. VI (end of the tape). Saulcy, F. de, Note on quelques contremarques antiques. Coins from Sidon, from Elagabalus, with countermarks the Astarte chariot and a head of the city tyche, and coins of Augustus, of Lugdunum, with the altar, with countermarks, which mostly contain the name of Tiberius. Hucher E., Tresor de Blanchardiire. Continuation. Coins

Literature. 407

of the Tetriea^, however, only unimportant varieties. Maxe-Werlj, Tronraiile de Bidestroff. Dechamps de Pas, L., Note sur nn Pied-Fort de Louis le Male, with the name of the original Mint official Jan Coppin, known to customers, served as marginal writing. Chabouillet, A., Observations sur un memoire intitulö Me- daglie della Polisena figliuola del Gattamelata. Cast metal daillen with a head and inscription of “bela Pulisena”; after Chabouillet's probably correct opinion is not Erasmo's daughter da Narni (Oattamelata) . Venetian general 1438 - 1441, but a later one, the IC. (or what I find unlikely is, even from the 17th century, "Polisena", possibly even the ancient Trojan Polyxena was wise. Rouyer, J.,. Des Chips you can buy in the type of Tours. Strange chips (related to games?) from the 14th century, partly with Inscriptions which mean: i>flee, that is the evil animal" and: "mount the bear". — Prices of Lorraine coins the Monnier Collection (continued). . ^

Numismatic Chronicle. London 1875, in. Mad- den, W., Jewish Numismatics. continued; those among the Coins minted by procurators, from the year 6 AD to on Augustus' death with "annis Augusti", from 27 y. BC reckons, later with the years of the emperor's reign. Finally a table of these coins; those with the data LIS, LIZ, LIH (of Tiberius) belong to Pontius Pilate. Pownall, A., Offa king of Mercia. Eeary, C.F., Art on the coins of Offa. Of the five pictured, very cleanly crafted portraits The Berlin Coin Cabinet has two coins of King Offa, also three others without portraits. Kay , H.C, A gold coin of Abu Ishak him Mahmud Sha inchu. Poole, St. L., Unpublished coins of the Kakweyhis. — Literature. That the Catalog of the Berlin Coin Cabinet now, after the arduous and requires a lot of time to classify the last two major

408 Literature.

like purchases of the Fox and Prokesch collections, quite soon wants to be printed is also the urgent wish of the two royal officials. Collection. . ^

Gurtius, E., Studies on the History of Eorinth. (Hermes, X p. 215 - 243.) In this essay you will find noteworthy studies relating to numismatics. The The author is inclined to use the well-known ancient masks with changing ones Types: Gorgoneion, wheel, owl, half horse, astragal ^) on the one and a quadratum incusum on the other side, which one because of their weight, location and partly their types (Owl, Gorgoneion) to Athens to deny this city and to refer to Euboea. Certain is for the dispensation At Athens the complete difference in type from the others, for example Partly also ancient, secured by their AOE, A9E Athens Coins unfavorable, and the author's concerns and doubts that Pisistratus this, as one would probably assume, Soloni- The changes between the two types are well founded; On the other hand, however, there is the experience of practical numismatics mathematician: the coins, even the smallest of the kind, are in large numbers (a few, some of them unbelievable). Exceptions charged) always found in Athens. However The place where coins made of precious metals are found is not a safe place Proof, but if these coins and even the very small ones Pieces from the series come to light again and again in Athens come, this speaks more of their Attic homeland than for Euboea,' with its oldest coins - we now know also the ancient, inscribed silver pieces from Ghalcis Eagle and wheel in a triangular recess - they have no resemblance

1) Because these types change so often with the same valuables With the help of the small parts, never a series with the same types We are not allowed to create city coats of arms in any of these types, but rather have to arbitrarily {chosen, changing types yermuthen. That's why it's precisely this that deserves These coins are least likely to be called “coat of arms coins”.

have loyalty. That in those ancient Sathenic Dtc the Raä as Hanpttypns, on the oldest ones from Chalcis a very different design ted wheel as a backside type rorkonimt, iet not proving. So if you don't want to put those coins in Athens, they will find them As an indeterminate, you can prove your best place no other mint.

A view that I have proven more often than not The conjecture I have referred to is ^e that the apoikias first had shared money with the Matterstadt. Certainly the new settlers traveled with money from the mother city {if The founding actually took place at a time when one was already coined money) to the new Wobnplatz; but like yourself political community formed, it also seems, as far as we know Monuments present their incontrovertible evidence, immediately one coins often completely different in type from the Matterstadt imprinting has begun. This is exactly how the coins are from Corcyra with non-Corinthian types often ancient, at least at least as old as the oldest of Corinth, and are among the lueunabels of the art of stamping. That other cities have the type of mother city retained, like Rhegium and Messana - Samos, and Abdera - Teos, is, however, proof of the constant connection binding and the dependency relationship of some apoikias to their mother cities; but then it is such a coin despite all the similarity, not Telsch-Abderitic, but Teoa shapes for himself and Abdera for himself; both species, Teos and Abdera, are sometimes confused in older works (e.g. in Honter, plate 57 under Teos: Nos. XIV, XV, XVI, XIX are Abdera), but they are practical non-mismatics !■ ttwcn AaoMera. tell your difference immediately.

On p. 2m wcixlen the Uidmclimiit Corinthian style with AOKPON according to Naapactu8 gcgeticii and the author's da^ j\lr guided tloweiü is definitely »uxpruefaend. Of course we have to that of their factory oacb sielier itulisoljeu with the lightning

410 literary.

remain as before the Epizephyrian Locrians, whose copper coins contain certain proof that those didrachms can only belong to the same Italian city; the rest But AOKPfiN caps with Corinthian types have one partly non-Italian character, and the new conjecture from Curtius that they belong to Naupactus^ is when their Absolute correctness is not yet certain, but it is very true. apparently and deserves the greatest attention.

The ones listed on page 242 are perhaps strange Elian didrachms with Corinthian types, in which already Friedlaender recognized a reference to Elis. If this Although it is not entirely certain, it can be considered as a guess look at pieces minted in Elis. The one with FA could one still thinks of an official's name, the other but with the eagle this symbol shows itself so strikingly Similar to the main type of large silver coins from Elis, that we are well entitled to give them the greatest possible attention to attribute security to this city. A v S

Poole, Stanley Laue, the coins of the eastern Khalee- fehfl in the British Museum, edited by Reginald Stuart Poole. London 1875. XX. & 263 pp. & 8 plates. 8.

In this one, which is excellently equipped in every respect beech, a start is made with the description of the oriental Talic coins from the Kitisches Museum. The work comes from the same knowledgeable scholar who recently made his way through the Catalog of Umayyad coins in the collection of the Co- Lonel Guthrie has made a name for himself in this field. This volume discusses the coins of the Bevi Umayyah and the Bevi iAbbäs; a future description of the coins of the other oriental dynasties is promised. How rich they are Treasures of the British Museum are too well known to be It would be necessary to mention how useful these publications are.

Literature. 411

The work describes around 1000 coins, including a quarter unedited ; it records the legends in detail and very precisely and any badges and gives diameter and weight desired completeness. Give from more than 80 coins the attached plates according to the so-called autotypical method very excellent facsimile.

One can probably agree with the arrangement. clarify, although they differ from the more common only according to the years away. The one chosen here grants some advantages parts, the others go off, while different indices the Facilitate clarity in every direction.

First the gold and silver coins are dealt with^ and indeed by the Umayyads with the exclusion of the bilingueU; first the gold ones^ then the silver ones, named after the year arranges. The Abbasid coins are classified under the Khalifs, Namely, under each one, first the golden ones, then the silver ones Bernen discussed. The latter are among the mint cities in distributed in alphabetical order, and where several coins of the the same Khalifa from the same city finally occurs the chronological order. They make the decision Copper coins in four classes: 1) which have only formulas; 2) the mint cities, but have no dates; 3) the data, but have no mint cities, of which there are few; finally 4) the have both together. This arrangement is certainly the practical Most table, since such a work does not have indices like that can be dispensed with.

Incidentally, it would have been advisable to say a word about him Add value and rarity of each coin; the references to Tiesenhausen's great work: Mon- naies des Khalifes orientaux are extremely grateful. St. Lane Poole's book is for anyone who is interested in oriental ical numismatics, an indispensable addition to it this work.

412 Literature. n

The Arabic types are those mentioned in Lane's dictionaries. turned; the names of the cities and Khalifas are in special transcribed correctly, but according to an alphabet, that is not made for Germans. At least we are ttber K h for - X 7 <) h for Jb z and so on and stop The principle: either we content ourselves with transcriptions from oriental languages with the Latin alphabet, such as it is, then any repetition that comes close to the pronunciation is give enough; or we apply badges, then he- let's wait for accuracy, brevity and some consideration of the lovely.

Given the vaunted correctness of the names, even Surra- man-ra'ä instead of Sarra and Naisäbür instead of Nlsäbür should be written.

L. St.

Misprint.

P. 165 Line 3 from above read "unnamed" instead of "so-called"

P. 186, 10 and 12 from the bottom, the number 44 must be deleted both times.

P. 205, 8 from the bottom read '\T\y^ instead of y^si

P. 207, 2 from bottom read A instead of 3

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