Revue numismatique, vols. 8–9 (4th series) — vol. 8–9 — 1890

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ALDERMAN LIBRARY

UNIVERSErt Y OF VIRGINIA CHAKLOTTt::3City. VIRGINIA

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REVIEW

NUMISMATICS

DIRECTED BY

ANATOLE DE BABTH^LBMT, eUSTAYE SCELUMBEBeEB, EBNE8T BABELON

Ostendite mihi namisma census Ci\jus

is imago hxc, and superscriptio?

Matt., XXII, 19, 20

THIRD SERIES — VOLUME EIGHT

PARIS

AT C. ROLLIN AND FEUARDENT 4, pl&oe IioaTolB, 4

1890

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MEMORIES & DISSERTATIONS

EXPLANATION

FROM

AUREUS STRIKED BY P. CLODIUS

WITH THE EFFIGY OF MARC ANTOINE

A number of the types that appear on the reverse of Roman coins, particularly those of the Republic, have until now resisted all inter- loan. The causes of these failures are diverse: thus, both the historical facts, to which these types can allude to, are unknown to us, due to lack of documents; earlier, the facts being known, we did not think about applying it to the subject represented; sometimes the scene itself is poorly observed, and, by Consequently, it is impossible to interpret it reasonably- ment.

Among these hitherto unexplained setbacks, it is found one which appears on the aureus struck, a Teffigy of Marc Antony, by the Publius Monetary Quartet Clodius.

1890 — 1 1

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2 of glass

We give above the drawing, right and reverse, of this aureus^ one of the most interesting pieces, certainly, of the entire Roman republican series.

M. E. Babelon, in his remarkable and all recent « Historical and chronological description has coins of the Roman Republic » *, men- states, as follows, this aureus:

M. ANTONIVS III VIR R P C. {Marcus Antonius triumvir reipublicse constituendas,) Bare head and bar- drunk by Marc-Antoine on the right.

9\ P. CLODIVS M F. nil VIR A. P. F. {Publius Clo- diuSj Marci filius, quartet auro publico feriundo). Winged and radiant genie, standing, turned to the left, with Tare and quiver on 1 shoulder, holding in hand on the right a deciduous tree, on the left a cornucopia dance, the foot presses on a globe; at his feet, a eagle on a cippe; behind him, a shield.

Aureus^ 8 gr.

Mr. Babelon adds: “It is difficult to explain this pantheian genius who has sometimes, wrongly, been described as Genius of the East. It brings together the attributes of the Sun, Mercury, Mars, Victory, Fortune and Jupiter*. This is perhaps an allusion to strength and r^clause of the recently constituted triumvirate. »

Thus, nothing more obscure, until now, than this reverse complicated: some saw it as the Genius of the Orient; the others, a sort of panthean divinity; finally, a third would perhaps find there a flattering allusion

1. Paris, 1885, t. I, p. 164465, family ^n/onm, n* 19.

2. A. von Sallet, Zeilachrifl fur Numitmalik, t. IV, 1877, p. 136-137. — Cr. Cavedoni, Revue numismadtjue, 1857, p. 349. (Babelon.)

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3

to the recent Iriumvirate. We hope to show that none of these hypotheses is founded, and particularly- ment that, certainly unjustifiable, which would tend to attribute to the character on our reverse a character "panth6e": it is this unfortunate idea which, as we will see, above all contributed to misguiding commentators, such as Cavedoni, Sallel and Mr. Babelon himself.

Let us therefore examine, without preconceived ideas, the medal which is in question.

First of all, let us observe that this is a aureus, that is to say, a precious currency, of which lecoin, always works with care, offers us as effigies, to the right, real portraits, and like scenes, on the reverse, very generally allusions important historical facts, events worthy of being preserved, put before the eyes, remembered to memory, and having to be, consequently, reproduced by Tart, in an intelligible form: this being the case, it is to be assumed that a clear idea, precise, simply obscure, must have presided over the composition tion of the scene which appears on the reverse of our aureus.

This remark made, let's see what shows us ie drawing of this reverse.

This drawing offers us to consider two parts well distinct: a main, central part, and a side group, accessory.

Let's look at the main part first. She is constituted by the representation of a character standing, profile to the left, nude, male, adult,

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VERCOUTRK

hairless, vigorous, bears varied attributes. What is this character? Does it represent a human being, real? — Certainly not, for the reason that it is radiate and wing. Does it represent a divinity? No again, on the grounds that a divinity is always defined days clearly by its attributes, and that the multi- implicit even in the attributes of our character we prevents us from making it a precise and defined divinity.

Does he represent a “panthean” divinity? No again, for many reasons, including the main ones pals are: that the presence of various attributes, to hands of a character, cannot be enough to con- give this character the “pantheus” character;

Which, on the other hand, we have never met, we let's not say the mention, but the certain trace of a similar divinity in the entire numis series matics of the Roman Republic;

That finally, it would be impossible to justify, by known facts, the presence of such divinity on the medals at the effigy of Marc Antony.

There therefore remains one last hypothesis, the one which consists of admitting that the character, such as we We described him as a Genius: this hypothesis being perfectly plausible, from whatever point of view You take your place, we admit, and we go looking for- dear to define this Genius.

First of all, let us notice that our character made a gesture worthy of attention: he, in fact, has the foot law placed on a sphere, a sphere which represents, according to the iconographic habits of the time, the terrestrial globe, that is to say the Roman world.

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Now, what is this gesture? certainly, a gesture of domination: and who therefore dominated the Roman world? — Rome, without doubt: there is therefore already a pre- strong somplion so that our character represents feel the genius of Rome. But this presumption is quickly changes into certainty by examining the back of a denier of the FuGa* family, a setback which, not only shows us a character exactly in the same attitude as ours, that is to say the right foot on a globe, but Eneore teaches us, through a inscription placed in the field, that this character represented in Rome. Thus, you can admit, with in all likelihood, that our character resumes feel good about the Genius of the city of Rome.”

Let's continue our examination: Our character is wing: we must therefore think that this is a Genie victorious

That's not all: on the one hand, he carries the quiver and Tare, offensive armcs: but it is necessary to observe ver that he carries them as a shoulder strap, at rest, and, on the other hand, a shield, defensive weapon, lies behind laughing at him, unemployed; our genius, essentially warrior, is therefore currently peaceful.

Finally, the latter earaetfere is further accentuated by this fact that our Genie holds in his right hand a caduc^e, emblem of commerce ^ and, from the left, a come of abundance, emblem of wealth: gold, commerce, and the wealth that comes from it, are Peace noise.

t. Babclon, op. eyelash. t. I, p. 512, Fufia family, no. 1. - Of. Vibia, no. 20. 2. We will recognize our pains, subsequently, It (juellcs victories it is made here 9llu9ion,

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6 VERCOUTRE

Our character was therefore, from now on, sufficient properly defined, let us examine the accessory group:

At the feet of the Genie, in front of him and to the left, there is a kind of irregular, trapezoidal support, shaped of a truncated pyramid, surmounted by a bird seen from face or a little k left. What is this support? First of all, let's affirm that this support is not, as is claimed, a cippe: in fact, on the coins of the Roman Republic, the cippe is always days represented regular, rectangular or square, never trapezoid; on the other hand, the pyramid support dal*, and, in any case, with an irregular outline, represents always, on these medals, a rock or an agglomeration formation of rocks; our support is therefore not eer- certainly not a cippe, but it is very likely- lies a rock.

Now, what bird is sitting on the stand?

We wanted to see, in this bird, an eagle, and, driven by the false idea that the character is (L panthee”, we wanted to give this character of one of the attributes of Jupiter: or, it is 1^ a grossc error and the bird is not an eagle: in fact, such that it is placed, or better, picked up on itself, Your languid attitude, the stomach presses on the support port, head buried between the wings, nose long turned towards the ground, it has none of the haughty appearance of the eagle, high on legs and with a clear neck, such, by example, that it appears, deployed, on the medals: our bird is rather a young crow, and

1. See, for example, the reverse of the denier n** 21 of the Antoniut family in Babclon, op. cU., t. I, p. 165-166.

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thus, the accessory group that 1 we observe in front our character and at his feet, must be defined, according to all appearance: a crow on a rock.

Now, what is the meaning of this group?

This group, thus constituted, represents, in no way doubt, the “talking weapons” of the city of Lyon^ the word LVGDVNVM being formed of the two left words LVG laws, raven^ and DVN or DVNVM, rock \ it is moreover thus decomposed (LVGV and DVNI), that this city name appears on the reverse of a quinary of Marc Antoine, struck, in Lyon itself, with the effigy of Fulvia*; and we know that we met the representative very authentic version of “the crow on a rock” on Roman pottery found precisely k Lyon*.

Let us observe, moreover, in passing, that this method, which consists of the use of images speaking, real rebuses, nothing unusual, that she is well within the habits of Roman monies; examples abound of emblematic representations analogous ticks: this is how, to cite a case bringing it as close as possible to ours, that the currency Gallic k the legend Caballo bears, as a type by- lant, a charging horse, Caballus^ which is the pro- ced6 even used on our medal, or, for represent the city of LVGDVNVM, we are shown a raven, LVG, on a rock, DVNVM.

The character being therefore defined, and the group

1. Babelon, op. eyelash,, t. I, p. 169.

2. The crow's rock where the height called today is undoubtedly of today Fourvteres.

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8 D*" VERCOUTRE

accessory being determined, let's see how they iconographically connect one to the other.

They relate to each other in three ways, which we will successively explain.

In the first place, the right foot of the Genius, a foot which rests, by the heel, on the terrestrial globe appearing the Roman world, also rests, through its extremity digital mit6, on the very rock which supports the raven; this provision, incontestably read, indicates with certainty that the group LVGDVNVM is part of the world, of the Roman domain to which he is attached, and that he is placed, like him, under the domination of Rome: however, we know that in fact Lyon was a Roman colony; and if now You observe that the raven has, as we have said, the languid and sagging attitude, such as would be the attitude of the bird which has just come out shot from the egg*, we can already presume that at this time where the medal was struck, Lyon was a colony nascent Roman;

Secondly, the Genie, turns left, that is say on the side of the LVGDVNVM group, extends its arm straight above this group, thus drawing a gesture which is most certainly a gesture of protection; and this idea of protection is further accentuated by this fact that, on the one hand, the bird, as we have said, appears weak and suffering, and that, on the other hand,

1. What fully confirms this conjecture is that, sup leg medals of the Roman Republic, the adult raven (posing, at rest, as is our being) is never represented from the front, nor slumped, but Ion/bear in profile and high on legs, as we could see in Babclon, op, cU., t. I.p. 20, 130, 131, 162, etc.

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the LVGDVNVM group appears quite tiny, and entirely dominated by the tall size of the Genie;

Finally, thirdly, the genius holds his caducee (trade emblem) in such a way that, visi- clearly, he presents it, he brings it to the group representing feeling LVGDVNVM; and if the cornucopia (emblem of wealth) remained, behind, on the left arm of the Genius, is that she could not to be presented by this Genie first, before the caducee, because wealth comes only after merce, of which it is the result.

Therefore, and as a conclusion to all that precedes, we propose the following version, as an explanation- tion of the reverse of our aureus: The genius of the city of Rome, victorious and peaceful, protects the city of Lyon, a nascent Roman colony, and brought it the trade and wealth.

Is it possible to go further in the interpretation? tion? yes, maybe. Indeed, there remains a character which we have not yet talked about: our Genie has your radiant head; Now, what is the meaning here of this attribute? Our aureus^ we must not forget you, is k Teffigie of Marc Antony, and it is certain that the Sun often appears* on the reverse of the coins of this characterisation, probably for two reasons: the first is that the Sun alluded to the military successes of Marc-Antoine in the East (Syria, Palestine and Egypt); the second is that Marc Antoine, considering himself and his colleagues at triumvirate and following the example of the Parthian kings, like

1, Babelon, op. cU., I. I, Antonia family, n" 28-30, 31, 34, "9,

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of vercoutre

the particeps siderum especially held this sym- bole; from which it follows that by radiating the head of the Genie on the reverse that we are studying, the monetary wanted to indicate query, by a discreet but clear flattery, that this Genie, protector of Lyon, was Marc Antoine himself^ same^ and we will find further confirmation in this way of seeing.

It now remains for us to demonstrate the correctness of our interpretation, by studying the dates and historical facts.

The aureus which concerns us was struck, in the late from Rome, at the earliest at the end of 711 (43 before AD), and we find proof of this in the double mention, on the medal, of one part of the triumvirate of Marc Antony, on the other hand of the mone- silence of Publius Clodius, Marci filius.

However, everyone knows that it was precisely in 711 that L. Munatius Plancus founded, by order of the Senate, the city of Lyon, city destined to become the capital of Gaul, and we know, moreover, that, precisely in On this date, Gaul was placed under command. superior character of Marc Antony: he is absolutely certain that he favored with all his power Establishment of the new colonic, colonic que, later, tradition even called, in memory of him, Marci Municipium^, The gesture of protection of Genie which appears on our medal recalls this protection granted by Marc Antoine, governor from transalpine Gaul, to the emerging city, and it is

1. Mommscn, cited by Babclon, op, cU., t. H, p. 238.

AUREUS FRAPP^ BY PUBLIUS CLODIU8 11

to perpetuate the memory of this protection that this coin was minted.

This is how the reverse side, hitherto unexplained, must be understood. pliquc, of our aureus^ and You will recognize that with our version, all the details which appear therein devicn- are not clear, despite their apparent complexity; certainly, the composition of the scene represented had to, in view of this complication, cost a lot of pain and care: but we must not forget that the monetary here is Publius Clodius, a rhetorician famous that S^nfeque* speaks to us about, and we would be readily inclined to believe that it is Clodius himself even who, at leisure and with great imagination, composed the interesting scene that we have interpreted.

Docleur A. Vercoutre.

1 We adopt Borghesi's opinion on this point.

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MEROVINGIAN COINS

FIND OF SAINT-AUBIN

(MEUSK) PI. 1 and II.

The discovery of a monetary treasure has always some importance, because it is such a small deposit careful examination of which does not provide any information generally useful, or does not make known a variety news. However, it happens every day that a inventor, ignorant or needy, in a hurry to shoot taking advantage of his find, scatters it without worrying of the harm he thus does to science; sometimes even he happens that a treasure, acquired by a collector jealous, or dimly enlightened, only glimpses the light to lose it immediately and be buried at the bottom of a drawer inaccessible to everyone. Tel at 616, for almost forty years, the fate of a very interesting discovery of M^rovingian coins.

In June of Tannic I8i0, on the territory of the commune of Saint-Aubin, at a place called Som- mieres, location of a former maladrerie, k a short distance from the Roman road to Nasium i^^^x) k Divodurum (Metz)*, a woman in the service of John

1. Building replacing a mansio from the Gallo-Roman era, transformed in the Middle Ages into a place of refuge for pilgrims and the poor travelers, this sickness is one of many Madeleines ov^ Matsonf

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FIND OF SAINT*AUBIN 13

Nicolas Mourot picked up a small piece of gold from a father from Thopital de Commercy. The attention of workers busy mowing this field were thus awakened I6e and their research soon led to the discovery green of a treasure. On July 2, while leveling a mole Ni^re, twenty-seven other pieces of gold were discovered which were almost immediately sold to various amateurs came running with the news of this discovery; Mr. Bellot- Uerment, head of office at the Meuse prefecture, acquired twenty-two pieces, M. de Widranges, five, and an unknown person who was at the scene of the discovery Verte bought the twenty-eighth.

This event had some impact in the region; Écho de l’Est, in its issue of 22 d6- cember, reported on this important discovery, without however indicating the precise place where she had been done. Opinion6 too late by Mr. Denis de Com- mercy, Mr. de Saulcy, who then planned to publish a Directory of Merovingian numismatics, replied in these terms to his correspondent: “What woe, my God! that these twenty-eight coins had escaped, I would have acquired it with good joy at the price of 20 francs per piece, because they are one of those good fortunes that cannot be renewed twice. You would make me very happy if could you get me a collection of prints on wax to seal of the twenty-seven pieces remaining in the country. »

God who, by their position on the ancient paths, allows us to establish with certainty which were the most restricted roads in Barrois during the early Middle Ages.

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MAXE-WERLY

The wish expressed by this regretful scholar should not not be heard, or at least the twenty-two pieces fell into the hands of Mr. Bellot-IIerment should not have been published during the lifetime of their acquisition. reur; no one was allowed to study them, and if he was one day allowed to two or three great amateurs to catch a glimpse of them, none of them could obtain any fingerprints and Mr. Bellot always refused to deliver to Printing the voluminous work he had written on this discovery.

Today these twenty-two triens purchased by the city are exhibited at the Bar-le-Duc museum. As for to the five triens acquired by Mr. de Widranges, they have and6 described without drawings, in 18i4, in the chronicle of the Revue numismatiqae ^ by M. de Laponce, ins- pectoral of the hospices of the department of Mouse, great lover of antiques and medals. In 1851, M. Ch. Robert, published them again in his Consi- derations on the coins of the Romanesque period^ in giving drawings of three of them. Entrepreneur- nating today the complete description of the treasure d(^covered in Saint-Aubin I will give, according to the ori- originals, faithful reproductions of the coins of the museum of Bar-le-Duc, and the copies, without features of force, drawings borrowed from MM. Ch. Robert and Widranges.

ROYAL COINS.

N** 1. — Caribert II, king of Aquitaine (628-631). CHARIBERTVS REX. Right bust, including the ban-

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water ends at its summit with a small cross which enter the legend.

IV. + BANNACIACO FCT. Chalice topped with a small cross.

Yellow gold. Weight, 1.34. — Bar Museum.

Engraved in Leblanc* after an identical copy tick, then reproduced by Gh. Robert in the Numis- matic of the province of Languedoc^ ^ the triens of the find from Saint-Aubin differs from those at the Museum from Rennes and the Amecourt collection by line of the neck section formed of small globules.

2. — Dagobert //, king of Austrasia (671-679).

+ DA90BERT0 R. Right head, adorned with a headband pearl which, by its circumvented arrangement and by the presence of a second cord, seems to form a sort of chaperone.

^t". + AMOLENO MOE. Cross ^ foot bifurcates,. on- surrounded by an arc of a circle, and whose horizontal bar- plate carries at its ends two pendants arranged to the manner of the letters A and CO.

Third of a gold penny of an unusual diameter, 18'''.

Weight, 1.15. Former collection of Widrangcs'.

Described by M. de Laponce*, this trien was public, in 185L by Ch. Robert who gave a good drawing in his Considerations on Coins of the Period roman^; this scholar attributed it to Dagobert II, but he seemed difficult to him to specify which part of

1. TraiU history of the coins of France, p. 39.

2. n* pnrtie. Visigothic and Frankish period, pi. x, n» 3.

3. Getic pitee reached the price of 600 fr. h la vcntc dc cotle collecrlion. k. Rev, num., 1886, p. 466.

5. Page 44, pi. n» 1,

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Austrasia belonged to the workshop which issued it. The very particular shape of the cross on the reverse, sur- mounted with an arc of a circle made of pearls*, must all naturally be closer to that which presently three other currencies of this region: a triens of Toul locksmith, signed by the mint Dructoal- (ins* J a triens of Tatelier de Verdun on behalf of Dodonij finally the triens to the legend NASIO VICV IN BARRENSE'.

The name of the coin Amoleno does not appear in the list drawn up by M. A. de Barth6lemy*.

N** 3. — DA^....TOS R. Bust dressed in Roman style, right; the head surrounded by a headband ending in two lemniscus decorated with small balls; the che- want to be rolled into large strands falling on the neck.

:R.qNACH...OOVNIT. Cross with equal branches, placed on a triple-degree base, and approached by letters C. A. Gr^netis forming a closed crown by a small circle points.

Weight, 1.32. — Bar Museum.

Struck on a blank too narrow to accommodate everything still shows the imprint of the corner, this piece, poorly fitted born in the operation of the strike, offers on the reverse the traces of a fairly significant movement. In law, the vestiges of letters which remain uncertain do not do not complete the legend, nor affirm

1. F. Lidnard. Archeology of the MeiisCy t. II, pi. xiii, 7.

2. C.Robert. Current prop of the number of Touly fig. 6.

3. Ch. Robert. Study, num., pi. ix, 7.

4. List of names of grave men on the coins of Vipoque mirovin^ gienne (Bibl. de I’Ecole des Charles, t. XLU, 1881).

FIND OF SAINT-AUBIN 17

reading Dagobertos that one would be tempted to find there ver, and which seems to authorize with sufficient probability white the liter Rex^ entered in the abbreviative form of a R whose foot, crossed out with a small line, offers the device ence of an X; we will find this form of i'R bar on the reverse of P6pin coins.

As for the name of the currency, what remains of the legend on the reverse allows us to recognize the reading RA9NACHARVS, of good Germanic form and not the RiqNACHRVS variant provided to us by triens Corialla or better Corialfo.

LOCAL CURRENCIES.

Verdun.

N** 4. — + ViRiDVMO. Bust of a bar execution bare i right.

ly. VMinVCIRaaMAIM. Cross i equal branches, can- tons of letters C. A.

Two copies taken from the same corner weighing 1.27 and 1.26. — Mus^e de Bar.

I suggest reading the name MVNDERICVS MV. who is found on a triens of Sion, instead of VNDENI- CACO MV, repeated by Ch. Robert, after reading of Abbot Clouet and Bellot-Herment, reproduced form also derived by M. Lienard*.

In the list of Verdun mints cited by Mr. Ch. Robert:

1. We could also do so, due to the curved shape of the third jambagc dc rM> the legend IVNQ3fllDViAMAH» Landericut man, name of a coiner who meets h. Draverno ct & Clarlaco.

1890 — 2 2

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Amhrovald Rainulfus Dodo, Dodoni Rantialano? Franguilfus or Frangiulfus Tassalo Giseleno Tottoleno

.,,eiclaude?

11 should be added:

Timilivor^itto, indicated by M. A. de Barthelemy. Mundericus, provided by three citizens of the Museum of Bar. Rameleno from the Am6court collection. Mauracharius—Dassy. Decretoaldo from the Berlin Museum.

In the article devoted to Veurne coins, M. F. Li^nard rejects among the uncertainties a triens k the legend VIRDVN CIVITAS, known by a drawing of Mory d'Elvange, and refuses to understand in his nomenclature another triens from the Dor-collection delu, cited by this mine author: TASSALO MO. VIRI- DVN. Mr. CiV. to the type of the chalice.

The drawings of Dupre de Geneste and Mory d'Elvange do not always present the guarantee of accuracy that is demanded today; nevertheless. if these pieces are found, they will have to be keep in Verdun-sur-Meuse, the only town of that name who is entitled to the title of civitas and recognize the little of fidelity of the drawings borrowed from these authors *.

As for the varieties signed Anibrovald^ Giselino^ that Mr. Lienard rejects from the Verdun series because that they present the anchored cross on the reverse, we

1. Already several ancient deaths described and drawn by these figures from this last century, and public after euz by Ch. Robert in scs Eludes numis- A few in part of the North East of France were found again in nature.

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we do not accept this exclusion which does not seem to us not justified: the anchored cross, almost unknown on the products of the workshops of la premiere Belgique, there However, sometimes encountered. If Mr. Conserva- director of the Verdun Museum accepts by exception in his list the many triens varies Dodo = Vir^ duno^ Verduno^ Vereduno, Viriduno^ what will he do dc the one with the legends Dodo munet = Verdun fit^ au reverse of which appears the anchored cross which, in addition, we find identical to Dosovico (Dieuze)?

This remark made about the location of the anchored cross is of such great importance to the classification of M^rovingian currencies that, to gain authority, she would have merited being presented under the name of the learned numismatist who Your revelation to Mr. Lienard*. Unknown in the workshops of the Lyonnaise, of the 1st Belgium, of the two Ger- manics, the Sequanaise, the two Viennese and 1" Aquitaine, the anchored cross appears in Ic basin of the Seine where perhaps it was born, ct is confined more particularly to the Civitns Parisiorum and the pagus Meldensis; from there she penetrates in the South in the large workshops of the Loire basin, in Orleans, in Angers, in Nantes, goes back as far as Uennes, then reaches S''Aquitaine, where it spreads across reverse of the products of the workshops of Bordeaux, Agen, Angouleme and Poitiers. Its radiance, which is practiced, as we see, in the provinces of Center and West, is almost zero in the others parts of the territory subject to Frankish domination;

1. See Archiologie de la Mease ^ H, p. 29.

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20 M\XE-WERLY

but, as with all the general rules, this fact of the location of the anchored cross finds its exception tion in two workshops in Belgium and in some others from the 2*: Senlis, Noyon, Amiens, Cambrai, which, in 600, were part of the domain of Theodebert II, King of Austrasia.

N** 5. — + VIRD. MO. Shapeless head to the right.

ly. ..EICIL. VDE.. Cross gallows with equal branches, raised on one degree, with a globule in each canton.

Weight, 1.26. — Mus^e de Bar.

The very rare fact of the meeting, in a hole worth three cents, two copies from the same corner presents itself a second time in the treasury of Saint- Aubin; this time unfortunately the duplicate piece wheat, which is incomplete, does not help the reading the legend on the reverse.

May come to the striking and barbaric manufacturing, this triens has already been public several times; he appears in the Catalog of Coins of France^ with the reading EICILAVCE; Mr. Tabbe Clouet, who read EICILANCE on a copy from the Rousseau collection, Ta indicates in his Rec/ierches^; Mr. Ch. Robert gave it with reading ..EICILAVDE from a com- extraordinary muniquce by Mr. Bellot-Herment; finally Mr. Lienard reproduces it again under the n" 12 of pi. xiii *.

1. Conbroiiso, I. U, n» I0'i2.

2.9.

3. Elud. nunn's n., pi. x, n' 10. Arch, tie the Meuse,

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6. OOEDIAN VICO. Imperial biiste on the right, style still remain, non-pearl headband and lemniscus falling on the ecu.

^t'. + VALFECHRACOMO. Long cross on foot, below under a small globe, and next to the initials C. A.

Weight, 1.30. — Bar Museum.

Described successively by Lelewel*, Longperier*, Conbrouse', then by Ch. Robert who, in his Numismatic studies, reproduced three varieties of this triens*, the copy of the Museum of Bar pre- feels a particularity not very common on the pro- duils of the Austrasian workshops: instead of globules usually placed on the bust, at the height of the ^shoulders, small circles appear with a point in the center, then another of the same shape at the top headband; these small circles can be seen on a triens of Metz from the Childiricus coin^^ and on a triens dc Toul sign Dructoaldus^.

We now know the names of eight coins who have signed the Moyenvic products under the shapes:

Walechramno, Walechramno, Walfechramno, Valfechramno. —Theudemundus. —Ranti. —

1. Num. duMedium-AgCf pi. xi, \\* 3.

2. Cat. RousMeau, n* 153.

3. Cat, dea mon. of France, 530.

4. See pi. VII, n** 1,2, 3.

5. Ch. Robert. Eiud, numU, PI. is, n* 9.

6. Ch. Robert Current state of nnism. Toul H{^t>. numifm., 1868. ft. XVI, n* 7.

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Garoaldus*. — Trasulfo. — GundovaJd*. — Gernia- naked. — Leudolenus', to which the next name pen easy k dc^finish.

7. — +MEDIANO VIC. Bust on the right, whose pearl headband is finished at the top with a small cross which penetrates into the legend.

ly. 3AXD0AXA.. Cross with equal branches, placed on a curved base enclosing a small globe; the ends of the horizontal bar are provided with an- nelets.

Weight, 1.24. — Bar Museum.

This arched shape given at the base of the cross is remarked on a triens Dagobertus-Viriduniim civ,, quoted by Mory d'Elvange* and which, if it is exactly reproduced by this scholar, forces us to restore this same city recopy + Dagoberttts rex + OR- OAXARIO MN, from the Amccourt collection; we let's find this arched base in Dieuze's workshop, on the following triens.

No. 8. — DOSO VICO. Bust directed to the right.

\y. B0VqE9HILD0. Chrism cross placed on a base in an arc of a circle, at the center of which there is a globule.

White gold. Weight i.27. — Old collection of Widranges.

Attributed by M. de Laponce to Douzy near Mouzon,

1. Ch. Robert. Numerical studies.

2. Revue num., 1867, pi. xx, n*» 9, 10.

3. List of human names, etc.

4. Ch. Robert. Study. numism., pi. vii, n' 7.

5. Li^nard. Arch, from the Meuse, pi. XLiii, 5.

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this piece was described again by Ch. Robert ct reproduced by him in his Numismatic Studies ^ ft. VII, n** 7,

No. 9. — Dieuze. DOSO VICO FIT. Straight bust.

Tj[ LLEQHILDO. Cross on foot placed on a step

and confined to number VII.

Weight, 1.21. — Mus^e de Bar.

Mr. Ch. Robert made known six varieties of this trians signed Bougesildo j Bertoaldiis^ Bocciniido^, Bobone^j almost all with the initials AC instead of the number VII; perhaps it is necessary to reconstruct this way the name of the mint on this copy: B0V9E- 9HILDO already registered on the previous triens

In a chapter devoted to DOSO currencies VICO, after having reported the different attributions proposed, Ch. Robert did not pronounce himself in any way upon reidentification of this place name, and, despite the essentially Austrasian character of these currencies, he left it to his readers to form an opinion. nion*. If it seemed difficult for this scholar to decide to which of these two localities, Douzy prfes Mouzon- sur-Meuse or Dieuze du pogus Salinensis, we must classify the triens in question, it is however not impossible to solve this little problem in

1. Numerical studies, pi. vii, n-* 7, 8, 9, 10.

2.Rev. nttmis,, 1867, pi. xv, n* 8.

3. The form A DO SO VICO indicated by Leblanc, seems to us to be ole poorly lae, the pi^lendae IcUre A decvant Hre produced by 1*6. artcment dcs the headband lemnisques which feature in the Legend. Lclcwel, yumismatic from the Middle Ages, pi. iii, n* 15. Lcblanc, TralU hisiorijue of the coins of France, 58 d. 14.

4. Study. numiim.f p. 146.

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24 MAXE-WERLY

favor of this latter, whose name Duosa appears in a document from the 11th century.

The very particular type of bust which characterizes products from the Seille and Meurthe basins side of the Moselle, had not, it is true, been canonized in this part of the Austrasian region alone; we found him on the banks of the Meuse, in Verdun, Ivoy, then further away, going down the course of oe river, in Dinanl, in Namur, in Huy and in Maestricht. The cross placed on a base in an arc of a circle is against Verdun; the name of the coiner Bertoaldus ^ who signed a few trien Dosovico^ stands out also in Verdun and Huy; that of Bobone, has Huy and Sarrebourg, but these indications, if pre- heavenly in any search for attribution, are not point sufficient to allow pro-identification posed in the fiueur de Douzy, because two reasons for a real value oppose it.

Indeed the Merovingian Doso legend, provided by the triens. cannot have the slightest connection with the forms Duziacuni and Dtiodeziacuni of the documents carolingicns ments, from which the modern name comes Douzy. Dosa^ on the contrary, seems much better con- come to Dieuze appeic Duosa in an act of 1066, and who, as a result of the acute pronunciation of Yu Germanic and the softening of the finale, must have giving rise to the current name of this city. Finally,

1. See: Becher^hen on t/ueif/ues currencies Mero%fingienne8 el carlovtngivnnei for the most part in^dilea, /rout'tfes we hit d Vjc-aiir-Seilte, Marsal, Middle- Vic and Lezey, by Abbe Klein.

Memoirs of the SocuH^ of distant archeology, t. I, p. 127.

Note on the origin of Dieuze y by M. E.-A. Ancelen, idem, I. XIV, p. 137,

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in favor of reidentification which we believe can see adopt, we will point out the employment sufficiently frequent, in this part of the Austrasic, of a metal white gold^ very particular to certain tricns of Marsal, Vic, Sorcy and Scarponne.

No. 10. — PALATI MO. Bust h right, waist girded a pearl headband as an ornament in the evening puts on the head and neck.

Legend made up of very visible letters ENCiaVjaUK, of which it is, we believe, impossible to understand the meaning*. Cross with equal branches, placed on a double-degree basis, confined in the lower part of the letters CA, and in the can- upper tones of two reversed Ts suspended h two arcs which, as a whole, present Tappa- ence of an anchored cross.

Gold a little less red. Weight, 1.22. — Museum of Bar.

Described in 1851 by M. Ch. Robert' and attributes, dub- talively it is true, at the Civitas Leniovicum, this Iriens was reproduced by M. Max. Deloche' as before be definitively classified in the Limousin region.

Unable to accept the opinion expressed by these two scholars, we will point out how the provision tion of the beaded and contoured headband, on which Mr. Ch. Robert built his proposal, is different

1. Compare this legend to that which we found on 5 EICILAVDE-

2. Merovingian coins from the collection of the late Mr. Renault, of Vaiuon- Leura, No. 6.

3. Description of the M^ropingian coins of Limousin. Ret', numis., 1857, ft. XIII, IT 2; 1860, p. 296,

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of that which is in use in this western country tale; tale; moreover, it is impossible to attempt a reconciliation chement between this piece and the type of n** 185, of Rousseau catalog, “which, struck for the complete of the Limoges church, present, said Mr. Ch. Robert, the name of the moneyman Uomulfus”; nothing, in indeed, looks less like this piece than the Iriens which we take care of. If the form of the claim due to the anchored cross can explain, up to a certain point, the uncertainty of this scholar on the attribution which, however, he would have been prepared to propose in favor of Austrasia, it must first be noted that the arcs of a circle from which the two reversed T^s do not in any way constitute a anchored cross, but indeed an ornament already known by the reverse of a triens from Toul signed Dructoaldus and on which Talpha and Tomega are hanging on the branch side of the cross*.

Repeated very recently in a dedicated article at the Coins of the Palatine School^ ^ T^study of this currency gave P. d'Am^court the opportunity to issue a whole series of proposals that are certainly strong ingenious, but whose fragility cannot resist at the slightest examination.

After having recognized in the cross inscribed on reverse the limousine shape which, according to his opinion entirely personal, would have been introduced by saint Eloi in the Paris workshop, Mr. d'Am6court invites

1. Ch. Robert, Current state of Toul numismatics, Revue numis.^ 1868, pi. xvi, no. 6.

2. Directory of the SocUU of numismatics, 1885.

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his readers to have this cross completed a quarter conversion from right to left to see immediately appear a large lunar E, capital initial of monogram of EligiuSy including the letters of the cantons, interpreted by him LIGV, would provide all the 616- ments. Finally in the incomprehensible legend, what- that formed by the very distinct letters ENCIQVJQMH., if this scholar discovers without difficulty^ the OH NVTA DICNJS; he does not dare suggest reading \oy\annes NOTE DIGNVS, when, however, after the explanations cations which precede, one more step in this The path of conjecture could not have seemed rash.

Although our learned colleague presented these various propositions like him being personal, we must hasten to add that a few indications cations of the same nature had been emitted since long time. Already, in 1851, Mr. Ch. Robert had made notice that by placing the drawing of this piece in the direction of its length we could the rigor read ELIGI for ELIGIVS", but immediately, not very reassured on the value of this interpretation, our late colleague prudently hastened to add that such proposal had to be rejected.

This opinion seems to have been accepted for a moment by Mr. Delochequi, too, after having recognized in this triens has the most characterized specimen of the decorated Limousin type", and rejected, as not justified fi6e, reading XPIANA RELIGIO interview in the legend by M. Berry*, however distinguished

1. Hiatorical studies Mur le$ monnaU$ de France f pages (i8 and 49.

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middle of the upside down letters the two words NOTA DIDN > {dignus?),

These various proposals would certainly not have point 6was issued by these numismatists if, as us, they had had before their eyes, and were able to examine them to do at ease, the following two trien:

N'' II.— 2VE0N? Same guy. ^, legend composed of the letters 3HM^VHD. Cross at the balled ends, confined to the A C initiators. Weight, 1.30. — Bar Museum.

No. 12. — DOAC. Same type.

9*. Legend composed of the letters HQIIIVIinC. Cross latin with balled ends, enclosed in a cross-shaped frame.

Weight, 1.21. — Bar Museum.

This piece has just recently been published based on a specimen of the same weight. discovered in Belgium by Mr. de Coster and assigned by him to Mr. Dan- coisne who proposes to allocate it to Douai*.

Although differing between them in the execution of the busts, by the shape of the crosses reproduced on the reverse, and by the legends, these three three people constitute a intimate group which, if it does not belong to the same workshop, seems to be the work of a unique engraver, more concerned with reproducing a favorite type than with retrace the legends in an understandable way right and back. If busts vary in their execution, the bandage which surrounds the head affects

I. Directory of the Numismatic Society, 1888,

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29

uae clearly characterized form, unknown on the Civitas Lenioi>icuni products. Orn6 has his sleep has an arc of a circle fitted with balls at its extremities your, this headband hangs on the neck in a sort of way ring from which two lemniscus or ribbons falling on the shoulders. On the reverse, the letters placed out of order, reversed or reversed born, do not allow us to try to guess the names of the minters; This engraver, who seems to having blurred like k pleasure, has moreover introduced, on each of these three triens, on each side of the Croisette inscribed at the beginning of the legend, characters without value: 01 + 10, group which forces to classify them, if not in the same workshop, at least in the same region.

This introduction of spurious letters into the legends is not a very rare fact; we have you already noted on the reverse of a triens from Reims: Odu monetay registered IODVMI + lONETA': we notice it let us in the legend of the law IVVADIClV+VI' of a third of a penny, attributed to Yiitz (Moselle), by Mr. Robert', who sought to find the Carolingian name there The YDICIVM gives to this locality: “Secus Tuedonis villam in loco qui dicitur Judicium” (884, actc du council of Yiitz); then in the inscription on the reverse, of this same triens VCIC VtIS VtIS ViTA, or the engraver took pleasure in arranging the Vs symmetrically from three letters to three letters. We find cc

1. Lelire to M. A. de Bat thilemy. Revue de Champng^ne and dc Brie, 1877.

2. Noleaurdea Australian coins tnedilcs. Mm. dc the Soc. of urcheol. and hist. dc la Moselle, 1860, pp. 61, 67.

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same character V in the legend of a remarkable tref- quable triens with pearl bust: SENONIS CI V+VlTAS = VRSO MONITARIO, from the Gotha Museum; finally we will note later the introduction of the para-letter site I, in the name of the coin Dacoaldies ^ registered on the reverse of a triens of Lieusaint: dI ACIoaLDIO*- We will not stop to look for an explanation cation of the forms 2VE0N and DOAC, nor attempt the reconstruction of the names of the inonnayers; leaving side the proposed interpretations: lOH years, NOTE DIGN., and X PIANA RELIGIO, which today does not support would not stop the discussion, we will be content to study the cross on the reverse of the triens PALATI MO and the style of the other two, persuades that the attribution of this piece will decide the classification of the group whole.

Palace Mint qualification applies to the numerous products of the workshops established in the royal residences, the number of which was considerable; but we cannot attribute them with certainty to a specific palace. We will refuse to search Tatelier du triens ^ the legend PALATI MO in Telen- due to the Civitas Lemovicum, where the use of letters and of the cross with the balled ends is unknown, to concentrate our investigations in the region Austrasian whose currencies so frequently offer ment this characteristic form. Lky indeed, we encounter on the reverse of several triens a grouping of letters which, in our opinion, presents

1. See also, Revue numismatique 1860, p. 311, the reproduction of tri e n 9 Gemellu8~Sciim a rilin i.

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31

of capital importance in this search for attraction butioQ. We find between the branches of the cross

the initials

on a triens from Vic; -^|^ on a

triens deMarsal; in the upper cantons on

a third of an unnamed penny that we will describe later

(n'^SS) ; finally the almost full name of Toul ^^j^

reverse of a piece described by Mory d'Elvange, signed Artovallus^ name of a coin of this same city; another triens Tullo Civetati^Dructoaldomone shows us, above a balled cross, a concave curve led by small globes reminiscent of ling the ornament in an arc of a circle from which are suspended the letters T T of the triens Palati mo.

The presence of the letters C A on the reverse of two of the pieces that we study, their frequency on a large number of Austrasian trians are as many arguments in favor of our refusal to the atlribucr k the Ciiulas Lemovicum, or these initials are almost completely unknown; Attribution a Maisonnais (Haute-Vienne) from triens read wrongly Media- nocta^ cannot be maintained today*.

If we are willing to assign with us to one of the many palaces in the Austrasian region the piece Palati mo^ it will therefore be necessary to classify the two other 2VE0N (?) and DOAC have this same pro- Vince.

1.Rev. numU., 1859, p. 181.

2. The Austrasian style of cc triens le clusse forced at Moycnvio: Mediano cfa poar fac.

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N** 13. — SE2EW0VI. Bust to the right. ly. + qENN¥C(IOM)Or€. Cross has bifurcated top. placed on a step and accompanied by the letters V A. Weight, 1.21. — Bar Museum.

We know of a certain number of three people present both the shapes:

IN CESEMO LEODARDO

SESEMOVICO BOSOLENO MO

2E2EMOLiT SEklMACIO

SESIMO Fl DOMICHISILVS

CESIMO EBROALDVS

SESEM ..ER...ARIS M

SESEMO VIIN(?) ...ICHISILD..(?)*

Due to the differences in style that present these triens and varicose forms of the inscribed crosses on the other hand, it hardly seems possible to believe them all coming from a single workshop; also suggest- us to distribute them to two very distinct regions, ct to rank the first two in the provinces of rWest and the following the FEast region.

In his LettersdDugast Matifeux^ ^ B. Fillon attri- drank in the town of Souesmes (Loir-et-Cher) on Triens Leodardo sign; this identification was fought by M. Deloche' who, in the Cesemo legend, pr6- to find the form Cese monte ^ primitive name of Montcese, former prioress of Limousin, today Saint-Nicolas de Montceix (district of Tulle, Correze). G is also a locality named after

1. Without doubt Ic SescmovUla^llghisilo monct, indicated by Cariicr ('i/S), according to Bouierouo.

2. Page 8'4, 1. x, 6.

3. Heruc nnmis., 1862, p. 444.

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Couesmes, located on the Roman road to Caesarodu- nam a Siundinum^ that M. d'Amecourt classified it Sesemo vico-Bosoleno mo, which by its style appears certainly relates to the Loire basin; in fact the anchored cross placed on a globe surrounded by a circle pearls are only found in Orleans, Angers, in Clermont (Cher) and in Noviomo that, without doubt, it It is convenient to identify with Noyen-sur-Sarthe.

If, from a philological point of view, the forms Cesemo^ Sesemo may have given^ Souesmes and Couesmes, the attribution proposed by Mr. d'Amecourt for the following triens in favor of Souhesmes, town neighboring Verdun-sur-Meuse, was to appear acceptable. However, due to the types that pre- include the varieties signed Gennacio, Domichisilus and Ebroaldiis ^ we prefer to remove them all Austrasia, to carry them further south, has the pro- vince of the first Lyonnaise for example, without However, we are permitted to give them to a locality of this region, whose name is mentioned in ancient documents.

The name of the coin maker Gennacio is only known in Sesemo's only workshop,

N** 14. — SCOLA... Head to the left, decorated with a headdress fur in the shape of a helmet whose neck cover is ends with two lemniscus falling on the shoulders.

INTE MONETA. Cross h equal branches can- ton of the letters CA.

Weight, 1.21. — Bar Museum.

1890 — 3 3

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The name of the Inte^ coin previously unknown on m^rovingieniies currencies, are not found in ronomastics of this period. As for the form Scola^ that here, perhaps, one should read Escolare^ she would not know, as is suggested, how to belong to a name of coinage.

In describing the triens Inscola fit — Ingomaru^ ^ Conbrouse avail offers to recognize, in the name of place, the old name of the town of Angou- leme* ; this identification was adopted by Cartier*. A few years later, resuming the study of this triens and the following: Escolare mone — Ragno^ mares mo^ Escolare mon — Palati mon^ etc., etc. Ponton d'Amecourt proposed to see in the legend Inscola demonstrated the existence of a school of Palace, from the first half of the 7th century, and recognize, in Escolare mon^ VEScolaris nioneta- rius ((The apprentice coiner to whom the master of the coinage sometimes entrusted the execution of a die and a share in the direction of coinage'.

The texts invoked by P. d'Amecourt do not no allusion to a Palais school, in which our late colleague believed he would find cradle of the University of Paris in the Middle Ages, the district of the 19th century Schools. No more than the text from Fortunatus:

Sivc palatina residet luodo laetus in aula

Gui schola congrediens plaudit, amore sequax ^,

1. PI. XXVI, no. 12.

2. Catalog no. 239.

3. Leilre d M. A. de Barthetcmy. Coins of the Palace and the School ^ 1862.

4. Carmina, lib. SEEN, 4.

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reported by Aug. Digot*, none of the passages from others cited in favor of this opinion cannot to affirm, in an incontestable manner, the existence, under the Merovingians, of a school established in the palaces of our kings which, as we know, changed frequently ment of residences; there is no mention of it even in the time of Charlemagne, and it is only at the end of the 9th century that the Paris school, where Remi, monk from Auxerre, taught, with some renown raee, reveals herself for the first time *.

Having since renounced a theory that he had long sustained time, P. d'Am^court recognized, in a recent article on Palatine Coins that the names Palatio and Scola were syno- nymes, with this difference however that the first applied to the royal residence and the second to the sonnel who lived there. According to this scholar, Escolare my did not designate the name of a mint, but rather its quality, the title given to it: Monetary of school “or rather a school student who practices to the monetary profession, undoubtedly under Tceil of the master of the Paris Mint, Saint Eloi", whose the name written in the field on the reverse is located cut in two by the pole of the anchored cross.

Unable to accept that in the Palatiiun we is attached to creating coining workers, nor that Escolare could never have designed^ a title, a quality, we place before the eyes of the reader, in

1. Hist, of the kingdom of Auatraaie, I. II, p. 202.

2. Launoj» of Scholis, 1. IV, p. 62.

3. Yearbook of the Fraufaucious Society of Numeracy and Archiology, 1885.

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view of a group certainly belonging to the Palace, all the varieties of which the legends recall close to the scola form.

IN SCOLI FIT - INGOIIRVS ION IN ESCOLI FIT-AOVNVLFCEO? SCHOOL ■ONE-RIGNOIIRES 10 ESCOLIRE-PILITI ION. Eligii SCHOOL ■ONE-IVDOILDVS

IN PILICIO - INGOIIRVS IN PILICIO-DOIIOLEN ■ONITI PLITI-RIGNIIIRIO IN PILICIO FIT - PILATIMO PILITI 10- READ... Eligii

From the analysis of this table, it seems to emerge that the terms scola^ escolarCy in escola^ in scoln are equivalents of Palati, Palatio^ in Palatio; that the Ingoniarus coins ^ liagnomarcs ^ foreigners a Tatelier de Paris, had in other palaces the management of various pharmacies, indifferently, they used the forms scoln^ escolare^ palatio^ to design the royal residence where they worked.

Indeed by the sole fact of the MONetarius indication on the back of triens Ragnomares, we must refuse to interpret Escolare mone, from the legend of law, by Escolare nionetarius ^ but see Escolare nioneta as the triens cor- seems to demonstrate respondent Moneta palati — Ragnimario. On the follow- before, in Escolare (implied fii or moneta) — Palati mon{eta), we find Tequivalent of In palacio fit — Palati nio(/ieta),

Finally if the three people who bear the inscription Eligii certainly belong to the Paris workshop, if those of Doniniolen and A'Ingomarus have the cross anchored are foreign to the Eastern region, it con- has just pointed out that the third of a penny has the

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legendc Iriscola fit — Aovnulfeco? and excmplary found in Saint-Aubin could well, because of their type and the initial letters CA inscribed on the reverse, belong to the Austrasian region where the Merovingian palaces, the villa regia^ ^were more more numerous than in any other part of Gaul Frank.

In 585, the Austrasian kingdom of Childebert II, outside the major centers, former capitals Civitates^ some of which are indicated as possessing palaces *, included in the region which later was to constitute the archbishopric of Treves and the three dioceses of Metz, Toul and Verdun, the local following palatium-qualified lities:

Paliseul (Luxembourg): Palatiolum in ripa posituni fluminis Mosellae^.

Andernach near Coblentz: Palatium^ fiscns regius*.

Thionville: Theodonis villa palatiuni\

S ten ay: Satanacuni palatium *.

Scarponne near Dieulouard (Meurllie-et-Mosclle): Scarponna palatium^.

Savonnières near Foug (Meurthe-et-Moselle): Sapo- nariae palatium^,

Void (Meuse): Noviantum rum palatio regio^,

1. Metz, Mayencc, Cologne, Trtvcs, Constance, Reims, Laon, Soissons.

2. 732, Toir M. A. Longnon: Atlas hi»lorif/iie de la Fiance, p. 193.

3. See Guadet: Palaces and houses of France. /i. 783, eharte of Chai-lemagne.

5. See Mabillon.

6. See Dacangc in the word Palatia.

7. See Mabillon.

8. 627, chart of Dagobert.

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Gondreville near Toul: in Gondulfivilla palatio nostro *.

Vicherey near Toul: fisciim Vicherum cum regio Palatio • ;

Or called villa regia and curtis regia:

Dezen, near Treves: Decima curtis regia

Etrepy, ruined castle between Germiny and Crepey

(Meurthe-et-Moselle): Stirpiacum villa regia pa--

hlica *.

Vandi^res: Venderia villa regia in territory par- tem Metensi^ partem Tulle nsi *.

Tussey near Vaucouleurs: in Tusiaco villa

Andelot (Haute-Marne: Andelaume

Drippione^ believed to be one of the many Woevre castles ^.

15. — Vendeuvre (Aube).

VINDOVERA FT. Laurel bust6 on the right.

J^. + CHRoQoLVDAa W. Cross chrismec.

Weight, 1.14. — Bar Museum.

Described by Conbrouse, cited by Cartier (236), this currency was, on the part of Mr. Chabouillet, The subject of a special study in which, after

1. 870, charter of Charles the Bald.

2. 651, charter of Dag-obert.

3. Undated, charter of Dagobert.

4. 885, oi'donnance of Charles the Bald.

5. Life of Blessed John, Abbot of Gorze.

6. 865, order of Charles the Bald.

7. See Ducange at the word Palalia.

8. 771, charter of Charlemagne. Consultcr on the royal residences, Ics rilla regia of the austrasian region, J. Hugo Wyttcnbach: Versuch einet geschichie uon Sort.

Johann Friederich Bdhmer: Regeala Chronotogico-diplomalica Karolorum*

9. Attempt to attribute the third of a Mirovingian gold penny. from Vendovera. Review numis., 1840, p. 27.

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39

to have brought out the great conformity that exists between the type of this triens and those of the workshop of Troyes, the learned conservative of the M6-Cabinet daiiles proposed to attribute this piece to Vendeuvre, neighboring locality of this city.

This identification of the name Vindovera^ that It seems to us that only a study of style could establish indisputable; the presence on the reverse of the cross mee, a form almost completely unknown in the first Belgium and in the provinces of the West, where there are localities called Vandoeuvre and Vendoeuvre, on the contrary, is more particular linked in the fourth Lyonnaise and in the regions located further to the southeast. According to Mabillon, the Vendeuvre of the district of Bar-sur-Aube would have once been a fiscus regius.

As for the name of the Chrodoladus coin, it is not known only in the workshop of Vindo^>era,

N** 16. — Meaux.

+ MELDVS. Right barbarian head.

9". + BETTO M. Cross whose arms are raised at their extremities and whose lower cantons meet each close a small globe.

Weight, 1.35. — Former Widranges collection.

This piece was published by M. Ch. Robert in his Considerations on coinage in the Romanesque period^ p. 49.

No. 17. — LOCO i/^ANTO. Head right, surrounded by a pearl headband with egret at the top and lem- nisques on the neck. The bust, also decorated with

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40 MAXE-WERLY

pearls, offers on the 6 shoulders the small rings that we reported on the Moyenvic route.

1^. +DACOALDO. Cross with forked branches, pla- cee above a globe surrounded by a circle of pearls and joined with the reversed letters LO, initials named after Tatelier.

Weight, 1.34. — Bar Museum*.

New variety of a well-known type, if the triens of the Saint-Aubin find increases the number of products signed Dacoaldiis^ it is necessary recognize that it does not bring any new element from which we can derive some advantage to the point of view of its classification. The question of attribution, open for more than a century, and on which we always discusses, although, we believe, to be decided definitively, but for that it is necessary to study it in herself without letting herself be influenced by any of the opinions expressed to date.

Known by Bouteroue*, designed by Petau with the incorrect caption COTONANTO', reproduced by Leblanc who, on the authority of Valois and Dom Michel Germain, attributed it to Loursaint near Ville-rEveque (Eure-et-Loir)*, this currency has been classified by Lelewel in Lieusaint near Valognes (Manche)*. Since the examination made by this scholar, the three people Loco santo were cited by Cartier, in its Catalogue, under

1. See Calal. from the coll. Dasay, n** 295 et seq.

2. Recherchea curie uses des mon notes de France, 1666, n* 349.

3. Explanation of several antiquities collected by Paul Petau. Amstcp- dam, 1657, pi. e.

4. Features of the coins of France, p. 63, pi. b, 33.

5. Numismatic Review, 1836, p. 322.

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41

n"* 62, Ascarioco \ 256, Dacoaldus \ 257) Dacoval- owed by Guillemot* and by iM. A. de Barthelemy. Mr. Max. Deloche, who made it the subject of a long 6lude, would have been authorized to give them to the province limousine' ; finally M. P. d’Amecourt, in an article special dedicated to the publication of a triens found around Melun*, endeavored to demonstrate that all Loco sanlo^ despite the differences existing between types, belong to a single and the same locality, Lieusaint en Brie (Seine-et-Marne).

In order to present to the reader all the elements that requires the question of allocation of Loco triens santo^ here we draw up the table of varicose vein forms reproduced by the engraving or indicated in the texts.

1- L0C02AN10 — dIacIaLDIO, raised cross on a pearl globe6.

2. LOCOc/)ANCTO — DACOALDOMON, raised cross

on a pearl globe.

3. LOCO(/)ANTCO — DACOALDVc\)MON, raised cross

see on a perl6 globe.

4. LOCO(/>ANTCO — DACOVALDVS, raised cross on

a pearl globe.

5. LOCO

raised on a pearl globe.

1. Heviie nnmU., 1840, p. 214.

2. Catal, desUg. M^rofingian coins, 1845.

3.Rev. num., 1860, p. 300.

4. Buli. of the Society. of arch,, literary sciences and initial arts. of Seine-et" Mame, 1866.

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MAXE-WERLY

6. L0C0C/>ANT0 — DACOALDO. Initials LO, cross

anchored.

7. Loco santo — kscarioco.

Let us first declare that it is impossible for us to follow Mr. Max. Deloche in the explanations so mul- tiplies that it accumulates to bring to light, on the Locosanto series^ the Limousin characters including, according to him, the presence is incontestable. We have carefully examines the three children more particularly designated: the Racio aeclis-lemo — Domulfiis moneta^ the pieces Gemiliaco ^ Caroi^icus, Maugonaco, but, despite the attention we paid to the explanations tions of the learned academician, we regret not to be able to find, with him, in the type of Teffigie, in the shape of the hairstyle, in the details of the bust, no more than in the execution of the cross and in the general system of reverses, these indices characteristics which very often force us to attribute to the same constituency a whole group of pieces differing from each other by incidental details Strangers to the regional prototype. Nothing very specific does not allow us to recognize, on the right and on the reverse of trians Loco santo ^ the indisputable Elements of their Limousin origin.

A single point could have made us hesitate k definitively reject the classification accepted by Mr. Max. Deloche, and lead us to believe in Texis- tenence of a triens that it would have been possible to attribute at the Locus sanctuSy unknown locality, of which our con- brother believes he can indicate the location in the

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FIND OF SAINT-ACBIN 43

I first Aquitaine, antra Limoges at Jumillac; we

we want to talk about the loco santo^ signed by Ascarioco^ including Carlier, Guillemot and the List of Names of men graced on the coins of the Meroque period^ Vingian seem to attest to the existence*. In fact, the names Ascarico or Ascarioco found on the reverse of certain triens from Limoges and Saintes, nothing It was no longer natural to meet them on the pro- products from another workshop in the Limousin region. All- However, as it resulted from the careful examination to which we had given ourselves up, that none of the three people in question tion could not belong to the Western provinces, we were led to go back to the origin of the information Ascarioco dictation provided by Cartier, repeated then by everyone, then asking ourselves if This alleged piece, not reproduced by the engraving, nor described in the works and not found in the collections, had never existed. Today for our doubt has ceased; First indication appears to be the result of an error by the composer who, after having, at the bottom of page 217 of the Catalogue, under numbers 60 and 61, successively registered Ascario moni — Lemovecas fit, Ascario mo — Sanctonas, would have, we believe, inadvertently reproduced a third time this name Ascarioco at the top of the page 218, for n^ 62.

If our conjectures are correct, the workshop very active Locus sanctus would have been exploited by a single coin, since the forms Dacaldo, Dacoaldo and

1. See also the article by M. Picqu6 published in the Revue beige, 1875, p. 521.

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44 MAXE-WERLY

Dacovaldus designate one and the same character, whose name has not yet been found in im another workshop.

By refusing to bring the three people together in question tion of the waters of Gemeliaco and Petraficta^ on the reverse on which is inscribed a cross placed on a globe surrounded by a pearl circle, we will point out that this form of the cross cannot, as the pro- asks Mr. Max. Deloche, “forming a certificate origin much less questionable than a simple noun analog; » moreover, it seems dangerous to us- grateful to always want to find, in favor of a attribution, a decisive argument, in any text which mentions a similar place name in the region that you want to endow with a new trien. Without doubt, we cannot neglect in this research, nor the connections of this nature nor philology if fertile in information; however if Gemeliaco and Petraficta can be identified with Jumillac and Peyrafiche, they can also be with Gemilly and Jumilly, Pierrefaite, Pierrefiche, Peyrefite and the numerous Pierrefitte scattered all over the the surface of France. Moreover, since the time Frankish until our days, localities which carried similar names have disappeared without let- serve as a souvenir. As well as those who are to us known, these localities could have claimed the texts where their names are mentioned and these triens. In the small country of Barrois, of which we made the center of our historical and geographical studies, on the territories of the 306 municipalities forming the

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FIND OF SAINT-AUBIN 45

at the locations of Bar and Comniercy, we have already found the remains of nearly two hundred places formerly inhabited: towns, villages, hamlets, farms, castles, etc., often including a few ruins mark the location and whose memory is only kept by registered names in the land register. If therefore the forms Gemeliaco and Petra- ficta, from a philological point of view, can be applied question the modern names Jumillac and Peyrafiche, it would have been necessary on the other hand that the numismatic characters ticks of the said triens came to confirm the attributions proposed options.

In order to explain our refusal to classify Loco santo i la I" Aquitaine, we rely on the very presence of this raised cross on a globe pearl, unknown, we believe, on the products of undeniably Limousin workshops, and on the other hand so common in the Austrasian regions; we we find ourselves in Toul, in Verdun, then further north on the banks of the Meuse, in Dinant, in Namur, in Maes- tricht, Duerstedt, in Utrecht, finally in the basin of the Seine, k Reims, k Soissons and Melun. Also we have no hesitation to remove Limousin all Loco santo, whose name, has no period appears in this region, for report them to a locality neighboring the kingdom of Aus- trasie, in Lieusaint-en-Brie, for example, ancient royal residence, the Locus saclus palatium indicates by Valois, in decanatu Corhoili sub Archidiacono Briegensi*.

1. NotUia GaUiarnm, p. 422.

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46 maxe-wbrly No. 18. — AVDV..VVS. Head to the right. ^•VAaoriAOWOMilYou betterAVDOALDO MONETA.

Cross anchored with forked base, whose lower cantons The rows each contain an A, degeneracy of Toniega's alpha el, or poorly reproduced CA initiates duits.

Weight, 1.25. — Bar Museum.

We do not dare to make any proposal on The attribution of this trien. The type of his cross is closer to that which the reproduction drawing offers us duit by Lelewel, III, n" 15, Adoso vico — Bertoaldo. The name of the coin Aiidoaldus^ reported previously lies about a third of a gold penny in the Svolare legend nione^ is found in Meaux, Soissons, Toul and on varieties not yet determined: Antiniaco, Can..ne life, Garofa, CMacioco, Solemnis.

No. 19. — GEMELLVS. Bust k right.

9". .CHMAR.. Anchored cross with small globule in each of the lower cantons.

Gold a little yellow. Weight, 1.31. — Bar Museum.

If it is not easy to decipher the place name inscribed on the reverse of this piece, that its classy style to the Western provinces, it is by bringing it closer of a triens, which also offers the right the name Gemellus, that we will be able to determine at what link it must be attributed.

In a very interesting study where the question of Gemellos — ^e^* mar is definitely resolved read *, M. L. Boileau made known a variety, of which

1. Rev, num., 1860, p. 311.

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FIND OF SAlNT-AUftlN 47

Va croVx anchore and the legends Gemellus — scii mari- tiai come to us and help. If you would like to admit with us that the letter H on the reverse of the triens of Museum of Bar, result of an error by the engraver, is Tequivalent of two I, it will then be permitted of Taltribuer at the workshop of Saint-Martin de Tours. Indeed, after this slight correction, there is a complete similarity between the legend SCII MARITINI,

of the copy of Mr. Boileau, and •CH MAR

of our triens.

No. 20. — BIANC VICO or BIAN VICO. Bust right, whose profile recalls, by its bizarre execution, that of some Gallic coins from the find Jersey City; behind the head, an Indian ornament finishable in the shape of a pearl stick.

9'. NANT0ALDO VINO (?) Anchored cross.

Despite the clarity of the legal legend, we do not We find no place name that can be identified. tify with the forms Biane vico, Bian vico, Sur ce trians, which we believe to belong to the West and in which we cannot recognize Biane (Isere) nor Bians (Doubs), appears for the second time the name of the Nantoaldiis coin, already known by the triens Loisdanaco, location also unknown.

W 21. — SEOGMN ?? Bust to the right.

9^. VIM LIO ?? Cross anchored, raised on a globe

surrounded by a circle of pearls.

Weight, 1,327. — Former Widranges collection. This triens was described by M. de Laponce*; but neither

1. Retr, num., 1844, p. 467.

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MAXE-WERLY

the caique is based on a drawing by M. de Widranges, nor the information provided in the catalog of the sale of this collection 'do not allow us to accept complete the suggested readings. However, it is in the pool of the Loire that it is appropriate to classify this piece.

N** 22, — BARICILLO. Bust to the right.

!>'. MODERATVS I. Anchored cross, placed on a double degree6.

Weight, 1,274. — Former Widranges collection.

The legend on the reverse: DYOMEVRA (Dom^vre? — Meurthe), indicated by M. de Laponce*, rejected by Mr. d'Amecourt who suggested reading VRADIO MO, Monetary Uradiiis^ ^ must actually be read MODE- RATVS, shape that we find on a drawing of M. de Widranges and five other varied triens coming from the nth workshop. The guy from this triens classed in the western provinces, where the same name of nionnayer appears in Bordeaux, in Brioude, in Saint-Martin de Tours and Bolbea, undetermined location; however different the legends of law may be, it is obviously a single workshop whose name, variously reproduced, was attributed successively ^1 Barace (Maine-et-Loire) and Drilliaii fa or Breuil au fa (Limousin); neither of these identifiers tions does not seem acceptable.

1. 195. ME LO. Bust & right. VIC Cross anchorc.

2. Rev, num., 1844, p. 467.

3. Test on the nttmis. Mirovingian compared to Gregory's geography of Tours, p. 8.

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FIND DB SAINT-AUBIN

49

Here is the list of varieties known to date:

BARACILLO — AEqVLFOS MO.

Saint Petersburg Museum. BERECILLO — BEBONE. Coll. d'Amecourt.

BRICILLOO Fl — AOALPO I.

Conbrouse. Supplement. BARACILLO Fl — MODERVTVS I. National Cabinet.

BARACILLO — MODERATO.

St. Petersburg Museum.

BARECILLO — MODERATVS.

Anc. coll. Morel-Fatio.

BRICILLOO — MODERATVS.

Anc. coll. Mourcin and Lalanne, from Bordeaux.

The attribution to Barace not having been admitted by philologists and Breuil in fa being a name of com- completely French position*, it is necessary, with Mr. Aug. Lon- gnon, stop iBrulon (Sarthe), indicated by Gregoire of Tours, in the form Bricilonnum^ and called since then, in local documents: castriim or castellum BrusloniSy oppidum de Bruslone^?

N**23. — qOAOMARIS, then a letter from an execution bizarre expression, or perhaps a monogram whose we give an enlarged reproduction.

ly. + vIMIOAEOM?? Latin cross at the ends

1. Quicherat. French formation of ancient place names, p. 96.

2. Miracula beati Mariini,\. IV, c. xxm.

3. Geography of Gaul in the 1st century^ p. 618.

1890 — 4 4

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So MAXE-WERLV

patties, placed above a double degree el can- ton of two globules.

Gold a yellow pcu. Weight, 1.26. — Bar Museum.

Unable to affirm the accuracy of our readings, we focused on reproducing, with a Hedelites is scrupulous about the form of the characters. Others will perhaps interpret them better than we have could do it. GODOMARIS, if we read correctly, would be a new name, in good Germanic form, is bringing together by the radical of Gododode, of Godofri^ dus, and by the suffix of Augemaris^ of Chagnoniaris^ of Dagomares ^ names of well-known mints.

It is in the East region, in the Lyonnaise province, that we are tempted to classify this piece, which offers a cross whose shape is found on the reverse of Trians Apraciria^ Sauliaco.

We regret not being able to determine Tattri- bution of the following Irians, that the absence of legends or the barbaric nature of the type does not authorize one to study with some chance of success; we will be satisfied to reproduce the drawings and give a simple description of the types which characterize them.

No. 24. — Small bust which, by its execution, is reminiscent of very close to that of Dagoberlos (?) described under number 3; in front of the profile, k the height of the men- your, a small Latin cross.

Jib cross welded to a base also gallows; below and on each side, in the field, a small globe. Due to the narrowness of the blank, the 16 corner legends are not visible either

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FIND Challenge SAtNT-AUfilN 51

right, nor on the reverse of this coin, which we believe belong to the Sa6ne or Rhdne basin. Weight, 1.26. — Bar Museum.

No. 25. — Barbarian bust turns to the right; in the field, in front of the mouth, a long crossroad with forked extremities.

ly. Cross with forked branches, placed on a globe placed on a double degree. Without legends right and reverse.

Weight, 1.30. — Bar Museum.

26. — Cross of Saint Andrew, gallows and can- ton of four small globes; below, an arc of circle on which the ends of the four rays.

jy. Cross potency. On the right and reverse, jackets stems of legends whose description does not take into account of no interest and that the pencil alone can reproduce.

Weight, 1.24. — Museum of Bar*.

In this study of the students of the Museum of Bar and The old collection of Mr. de Widranges, from tones of the discovery of Saint-Aubin, it is appropriate, we believe, to join the description of two third of a penny acquired by Mr. llacquart, parish priest of Naix; One of them was collected in the same territory and Another one, no doubt, in the region, perhaps even on the location of Nasium; these two triens ceded

t. In his handwritten study, Mr. Bellot-Hermer gives the description of Twenty-three Catholics, in the exposition of the facts relating to this discovery, he declared that he had acquired only twenty-decuz "it is therefore necessary that thirds of the sources cited above are foreign to the find of Saint- Aubin.

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52 MAXK-WERLY

to Mr. Nocas, from Ligny, who authorized us to take the prints, have ei6 h his death redeemed by Mr. Marmod, his son-in-law, then offered by him to M. P. d’Amccourt.

27. — TOARCEqE. In the field, a small Croisette.

^\ + M0MMV2 MV. Standing figure, arms 6stretched.

[/absence of Croisette in the 16genre of law allowing the most diverse readings, we We were first stopped at ARCE^ETO which appeared to be good form; but examination of the name of the mon- nayer NONNVS has engaged us to adopt preferably the reading TOARCE9E, close to:

TOARECCA marked on a trien sign NONNO and attributed to Thouars (Deux-Sevres). Numis Review, 1838.

TOARECAS — NONNVS. List of place names.

TOARECA — NONNVS. List of names of honimes ^ and to attribute this triens to the provinces of the West or we encounter:

NONI to Metido,

NONNITOa Agen.

NONNITVS in Amboise and Combeaas. NVNNVS in Angers.

NONNVS a Medolo^ a Combenas, a name which is not found only once in the East, in Chalon-sur- Sadne.

This triens is certainly the one it is made for allusion in the following passage, taken from the manuscript by Mr. Denis on the Roman roads of Barrois

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FIND OF SAINT-AUBIN 53

(f* 265 r^): cc A resident of Saint-Aubin, Jean Nicolas Mourot, presented to me, in October 1885, a Merovingian in gold that he found not far from the mou- linen from this commune. In Tavers, a character having arms extended and feet horizontally, heels facing each other. The legend was illegible; I have thought I noticed the following: +N0LVOI MV. On the reverse, t and around this sign, in legend, CE9ETGAR..."

No. 28. — Barbarian legend made up of letters and worthless characters. Austrasian bust.

ly. +TDIIOMMAOO. Cross whose upper cantons The backs contain two upside-down Ts.

L. Maxe-Werly.

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NOTE

SLR

SOME ATTIC COINS

RARE AND UNPUBLISHED PI. III.

The publication of the Catalog of coins of Attic of the British Museum by Mr. Barclay Head Tidee suggested to me to present to the readers of the Numismatic View some observations on this interesting series; the following remarks con- mainly concern pieces from my collection.

I. — Athens.

1. Head of Athena, archaic style, right, wearing a round earring and an atheist helmet nien, with triple crest, decorated with a simple volute.

ly. AOE. Owl right, head facing; der- ri(Me her a shoot of olive tree with three leaves; the all in a hollow square.

Tetradrachm — R. 26 mill. 17 gr. 11.

PI. Ill, fig. 1. — My collection.

I point out this piece mainly because of the triple crest of the helmet, but the finesse of the work deserves

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NOTE ON SOME ATTIC COINS 55

also to attract our attention. I'm looking at this tetra- drachnia as one of the last examples of the primitive archaic style.

2. Head of Athena on the right (beautiful archaic style, The eye is drawn as seen from the front), bearing a round earring, a pearl necklace and a Athenian helmet decorated with three olive leaves and of a floral design.

l/. AOE. Two opposite owls, the heads of face; between them two olive leaves, all in a hollow square.

Trihemiobole — ^R. 11 mill, i gr.

PI. in, fig. 2. — My collection.

Mr. Barclay Head, knowing only the copy of the British Museum and deceived, no doubt, by Idea of duality that the type of two chcuettes, thought that the piece had lost its weight (it weighs 0 gr. 97) and it published it as ^as a diobole {Cat, du Mas. Brit,^ pages xxv and 90). However, it is not a diobole, but rather a trihemiobole. Besides my copy, I know two more at Athens; none of them reach quite the weight of trihemiobole (1 gr. 08), what- that they are well preserved. We cannot therefore think h give ^ this type a value that would require a weight of 1 gr. 44.

This rare trihemiobole is a little older than the well-known guy who wears an owl on his back facing with outstretched wings (C^/. du Mus, Ur\ PI. IV, 10.)

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56 H.-B. EARLE-FOX

It is worth noting that the type of another fraction, the tartatemorion, also undergoes a change k this same period. The oldest, which correspond to lay, by their style, with tetradrachmcs figures in class a on plate HI of the Catalog of British Museum, have on the reverse a shoot of oH- sink in a deep hollow square and are anepi- graphs. Those which correspond to classes g and y of Mr. Barclay Head have, on the reverse, a crescent accompanied by the legend 30A* AOE or A0m (ma collection) in a shallow square.

3. Head of Athena, on the right (in good style, the eye is drawn in profile, but poorly executed), wearing an earring and an Athenian helmet decorated with three olive leaves and an acrostolium.

^. AOE. Owl right, head facing; behind she an olive shoot with two leaves, a fruit, and a small croissant; in the field on the left f€.

Drachma. — .R. 17 mill. 3 grams 90.

PI. HI, fig. 3. — My collection.

4. Similar to n** 3, but without the monogram; in the field to the right of the owl, H.

Drachma. —JK. 14 mill. 4 gr. 20. PI. HI, fig. 4. — Paris Cabinet.

5. Similar to Nos. 3 and 4, but instead of hE or H a Corinthian egret helmet in the field has right of the owl.

Drachma. — /R. 17 mill. 4 grams 20. — Collection tion of Mr. Th, Heldreich in Athens,

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NOTE ON SOME ATTIC COINS8 57

In the Catalog of the British Museum we find, described on page 15, a drachma having as symbol- bole a trident (n* 156, pi. V, 9). A careful examination life of the board convinced me that it's just a defective copy of my n** 3. Half of the monogram 6 being outside the blank we only see the three bars of Tepsilon. I therefore believe that it is necessary remove the trident from the list of symbols found on drachmas of this class.

6. Tele of Athena k right, wearing helmet Alhenian has a triple crest, decorated with a griffin and par- front ties of four horses as on the tetradrachms of the second series.

9". Two opposite owls, heads facing each other,

between them A, all in an olive wreath. M. 16 mill.

PI. Ill, fig. 19. — My collection.

This piece is the only bronze from Athens that I know with additional letters in the reverse field.

7. Head of Athena i right, wearing a helmet Ath^nian.

1>*. AOE. Owl on the right, head facing forward. M. 10 mill.

PI. Ill, fig. 5. — My collection.

The head of Athena, on this coin, is drawn in such a way that, if we turn it over. we see a head on the left. It must be admitted that the work is bad and that both heads bear little resemblance to a figure human.

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58

H.-B. EARLE-FOX

8. Head of Athena right, wearing a helmet Corinthian k egret.

9'. AeHNA inN. Athena, dressed in a long and wearing helmet, standing left; of the hand right she holds a hook, the left remains supported on the hip, the shield is on the left arm; in front of her, a lighted altar; behind, an owl from the front.

I, 20 mill.

PI. Ill, fig. 6. — My collection. This piece is a new variety of the types of sines by Beul6, page 256.

9'. A e HN AlflN. Hygeia dressed in a long and deladiplois, standing right, right hand supported on the hip; the outstretched left hand holds a coat hook; behind her, a tree trunk around which a serpent coils which extends above the shoulder of lygia and drinks from the peg.

iE. 21 mill. Beule, Mon. of Athens, page 259.

Since I studied Athenian numismatics, Beul6's drawing, executed after a crude piece, always seemed suspicious to me because of its appearance weird. I've been looking for this guy everywhere, but he's missing. in all the collections, and I never found it cites only according to Beul6.

I finally think I have found the source of this error in the following currency:

9. l^. ASH N AinN. Athena standing to the right, view almost from behind, dressed in the long chiton and the peplos, and wearing a Corinthian helmet with an egret; she holds

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NOTE ON SOME ATTIC COINS 59

in the outstretched right hand an uncertain object, in the left a pole; the shield that is on the arm left appears behind her.

M. 21 mill. — PI. Ill, fig. 7 and 8. My collection. See Cat. of the Mas. Brit. Attica. PL XVI-4.

If you compare this piece with the drawing of Beul6, we will have no difficulty in recognizing in the combination formed by the folds of the peplos and the circle of the shield, which is seen behind the goddess, the so-called snake. The general pose is identical, and on a crude copy, where the haste would not be recognizable, we could take it for the head of the snake.

10. Bust of Athena right, wearing a helmet Corinthian with egret, and the aegis.

IX. AeHNA \C1H. ApoUon Lykeios naked, standing right, his right hand placed on his head; the left holds a bow; in front of him, a tripod around which a snake is coiled.

iE. 21 mill. — My collection, pi. Ill, fig. 9.

See the tetradrachms signed with the names of EnirENHI and de lENON (Beul6, p. 285), and the bronze drawn on the same board, but which bears a lyre instead of a tripod and omits Fare that the god holds in the hand.

11. Bust of Athena on the left, wearing a helmet Corinthian egret and I'^gis.

f^, A eH N Al n N. Th6s6e s before right, wielding a club; the chlamys hangs from its

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60 H.-B. EARLE-FOX

6shoulder and his left arm is covered with a skin of lion.

M. 21 mill. — My collection, two copies of the same corner, pi. Ill, fig. 10.

This type was etc. described by MM. P. Gardner and Imhoof in their excellent numismatic commentary on Pausanias {Journal of Hellenic Studies^ 1887, pi. DD-XVIll), but their description is as follows: (The Aristogiton (?), walking to the right, holds his sword and her chlamys. » I believe, however, that we must see Thesee. the weapon brandished by the hero seems good to me being a club, and as far as I can judge from a piece of poor manufacturing, I believe that what covered the left arm is a lion's skin; these attractions goals which belong to Th^s^e are complete- ment foreigners to Aristogiton.

We can compare bronze with a fairly similar, but turns left, Cat, du Mas. Brit.^ ft. XVlII-11, where the character represents is well certainly Thés6e, because this same figure is exactly reproduced, in all details, in the group that appears on the reverse of the following coin.

12. ASH. Thesee advancing ^ left and striking with a club the minotaur who flees before him; a lion's skin hangs from his left arm.

M, 18 mill. — My collection, pi. HI, fig. 18.

13. Head of Asklepios on the left, in front of a serpent. 9^ • Q^pi the god Telesphoros standing, facing.

12 mill. — My collection, pi. Ill, fig, 11,

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NOTE SCR QUBLQUES MONXAIES ATTIQUES 61

It is Mr. Achille Postolacca, former director of Miisee of Athenes, that I owe the explanation of the reverse. The type of Telesphoros responds admirably to the Asklepios TV; however the following piece fails me nonetheless doubt the explanation proposed by M. Poslolacca, because the reverses of the two coins could well be identical.

14. Head of Athena wearing a Corinthian helmet egret, right.

9*. ^ Bird with a human head, helmeted. of face.

PI. Ill, fig. 12. I. 12 mill. — My collection.

On number 14, we can clearly see the patles of the bird. These two currencies are from a factory crude and must be among the last to be were struck at Athfenes.

15. Head of Hermes on the right, wearing a petose. A bucrane from the front.

^- e H

PI. Ill, fig. 13. I. 12 mill. — My collection.

So far I have not met the iHe of Hermesquesur small bronzes bearing a caducee on the reverse. The head of Theseus, with the club behind his neck, usually corresponds to the bucranium on the bronzes of small module.

Before leaving the mints of Athens, I signed I will have two fairly constant overstrikes in the series of bronze.

16. Head of Demeter, crowned with ears of corn. on the right.

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62 H.-B. EARLB-FOX

j^. ^ ® Plemochoe, with ears inserted in the cove.

I. 21 mill. See Cat. du Miis, Brit., pi. XV, 11.

The numerous examples of this type which have passed through my hands have all been struck on the following piece:

17. Head of Athena right, wearing a pendant ear and an Athenian helmet decorated with three leaves olive tree and a floral design.

\y, Owl from three quarters to the right, the TV

face, wings outstretched; in the field, right, a amphora. {Cat. of Mus. Brit,, pi. Vl-13).

18. Head of Athena right, wearing a helmet Ath^nian.

Owl from the front, wings closed, enters

two olive branches.

M. 28 mill. — My collection.

I have three copies of this bronze, so Tun wears a plemocho^ as a countermark to each coast. All three are overstruck on:

19. Bust of Artemis right, quiver on r^shoulder, in a beaded circle6.

1^. Q E Athena standing, k right, wearing helmet

Corinthian k egret and dress of long chiton and the diploma; she holds a patere in her right hand and on the left an owl. {Cat. of Mus. Brit., ft. XV.3.)

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^O-tVL SDR SOME ATTACKED COINS

63

II. — Tesseres.

20. 0 Four lovely people placed in the dining room; the

lout in an olive wreath.

PI. Ill, fig. 14. I 18 mill. — My collection.

The defective strike of this tessera does not per- does not absolutely note whether she is wearing, as I believe it, the complete legend OEIMOOETflN.

21. Q^i^ Owl facing forward, perched on a grain of barley, between two olive branches.

9^ <.

PI. Ill, fig. 15. Lead. 15 mill. My collection.

The big i on the reverse of this lead seems to bring it closer expensive from the tesseres series. I also give, h cause of its monetary type which is that of the heptachalkon of silver (see my article on Tobole fractions, Magazine Num. ^ 1887, p. 210), the next lead.

22. AOE. Four croissants placed in a square hollow. Smooth reverse.

Lead. 11 mill. — My collection.

III. — Eleusis.

23. EAEY. Above a standing pore, on the right, on a torch made from pine branches. The whole thing in a crown of 6 ears.

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64

H.-B. BARLB-FOX

IV. Same legend and same type. PI. Ill, fig. 16. ^E. 13 mill. — My collection.

I believe that we owe this curious currency to the negligence of some workshop worker.

24. Two pores k left.

IV. AE torch made of pine branches, all in an olive wreath.

M. 14 mill. — My collection. PI. Ill, fig. 17.

See Cat. of Mus. Brit. {Attica), v)!** 251 and 252 (Athens), and Imhoof Blumer, Greek Coins, page 151, and Choice, pi. II, n* 46, with the alleged

legend. q ^ or ^^^g. On Mr. Imhoof's board,

which appears to have been made according to a copy poorly preserved, the 0 is drawn in a doubtful way, and on the collotype of the British Museum, this letter is very obscure. The few well-preserved copies ves that I have seen clearly carry AE.

The Attic origin of these coins is certain tain; I therefore suggest reading EA and classifying them at Eleusis, city to which the types indeed belong of their two faces.

It is not improbable, however, that the readings of MM. Imhoof and Barclay Head are also correct and that this type, as well as that of Triptoleme in his chariot with a pore on the back, was struck simultaneously in both cities.

II. -B. Earl Fox.

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PIAVONIUS

SURNAME OF EMPEROR VICTORINE

PIUS

MOBILE NICKNAME OF TETRICUS

We know that the discovery of a route column near Dijon, in 1866, supplied Baron de Witte * opportunity to restore to the two Tetricus the names^ Pius Eswius, that until then numismatists and 6pigra- phists believed they could read in a single word, in the forms the most discordant, PiveswiuSy Pesimus^ Pivesius^ PesubiiiSj Poesuvius*. It follows from this that in the monetary legends C PI ES TETRICVS CAES and C PI TETRICVS C the group of letters PI is Tabreviation of the name Pius\ it is a now acquired point. Bad- fortunately, we tried to draw conclusions from it quences that it does not include.

Seduced by a false analogy, A. de Longp6rier had the idea of applying this interpretation of PI to The monetary legends of Victorin, in order to break down into PI {us) AVVONIVS the PIAVVO group- NIVS that were considered to constitute, in one

1. Leitre d M. R. Chalon $on an inscription bearing the name of Titricus^ in the Repue de la numiamatique beige ^ 4* ser., t. V, 1867. Cf. Revue archio- logic, n. s. I. XVI, 1867, p. 67.

2. This erpcup persisted until 1873 in volume VII of the Corp. register latin., 1150, 1151, and Index, p. 334, and even until 1887 in the 1*' fas- cicale d’volume XV de l’Uittoire ginirale de Languedoc, p. 59, where we also read the name of Laelianus defaced in Lollianus.

1890 — 5 5

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66 R. MOWAT

only word, the gentile name of this emperor; sMl avail questioned the inscriptions of this prince Corame he had questioned those of the Tetricus, he would have noticed that they do not lend themselves in any way to the same kind of onomastic analysis. He didn't do it and we are entitled to assume that at the moment when he was writing his dissertation *, he was unaware, or at the very least less forgot the itinerary columns of Victorin, yet well known then. It is apparently in trusting in the silence kept on these 6pigraphic texts by A. de Longp^rier, that the author of a very interesting his article on the treasure of Planches* was able to venture in this following Rei^ue Tassertion: “This deno- mination [Piauvonius) is not found in epi- graphy. » These few words contain an error material, pregnant with a host of other errors; he It is therefore important to remove it cleanly as you pass and to know that it is always more prudent to consult oneself even the sources than to obediently refer to them k the word of a master, without controlling it, if authorized see that it is.

At present, we know of no less than six route inscriptions, in which the nickname of Victorin is preceded by the gentile P/m'o/j/w^, that there is there is no way to read otherwise; this is, at least, what which I personally verified on three of them of which here is the text according to my copies:

1. The stones of the amphitheater of LiUicCt in the Journal of Scholars, 1873, p. 651.

2. Revue nnmismatiyue, 1889, p. 516.

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P1AVONIU8 AND PIUS 67

IMP CAES 1 PIAVONIO I VICTOmNO | RIO FELICI |

AVG

At the Vannes Museum (Morbihan).

2** IMP CKes M PI | AVONIO VIC 1 TORINO P F AVG |

P ////// C COR I LEVC II//// In Saint-M6loir (C6tes du Nord).

3^ /MP CAES I M PIAVO | NIO VIC I TORINO I i*NVICTO

At the Nantes Museum. Reif. of Socs. sai^., 6* s6r. t. II, 1876, p. 477.

As for the other three, which I haven't seen, I cited from copies in which we can have confidence:

4^ IMP I MC {sic) PIA I VONIO I VICTOR | INO AVG

At the Swansea Museum (England). Corpus inscriptionum latinarum^ t. vii, n* 1160.

5- IMP-CAES I MARCO 1 PIAVONIO I VICTORI | NO P- PEL INV I AVG PONT MAX | TR P - P P | A L S M | P Xllll

In Lincoln (England). Archaeological Journal^ t. xxxviii, 1881, p. 118.

6** IMP CAES MAReo | PIAVONIO VICTO I RINO P F INV AVG I P M TRIB P COS | P P PROCOS C REM | L Mil

In Brimont, near Reims (Marne). Scientific Congress fique de France^ xiii* session in Reims, p. 273. — I^riquet, Reims during Roman domination ^ 1860, p. 199.

In addition to the route markers, it is necessary to mention the famous mosaic of Treves, bearing an inscription

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68 R. MOWAT

which indicates that it was restored by the care of this same character before his advent there purple, while he was tribune in the pre-Local Guard nothing of Postume, his predecessor:

7** M PIA I ONIVS VICTO | RINVS TRIBVNVS P 1 RETormNORVM | d. s,p, resti TVI/

At the Museum of Treves. Brambach, Corpus inscr. rhe-

nanarum^ 11^,

The letter A was perhaps linked to a V whose right arm will have disappeared, PiyVONIVS.

So here are seven examples which confirm the accuracy of the Piavonius reading on the monuments 6pigraphic, Piavvonius in the numismatic legends matics, without leaving room for reading Pius Avo- nius or Pio Avonio, I especially point out those in the- which Victorin's first name is written in all letters, Marco^ contrary to the custom of repre- felt by the initial M alone; k much stronger reason, lapicide would be serious PIO (and not PI) if Victorin had 6te provided with the nameP/w^. There is therefore no assi- possible comparison with the examples of Pius Esu- vius. This conclusion is in no way invalidated by the monetary legend DIVO VICTORINO PIO, because here Pio n is only an epithet, exactly like on the other medals of consecration, DIVOSEVERO PIO, DIVO CARO PIO, DIVO CONSTANTIO PIO-

A. de Longperier thought that Pius Esmius cons- gave T^tricus a double gentile name k la mannerism of Ulpius Cornelius for Lelien and of Cas- sianius Latinius for Postumus. It's an opinion which L. Renier expressly contradicted in these

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PIAVONIUS AND PIUS 69

terraes: a Tetricus was therefore called Eswius^ genti- silicon before which he and his son placed on some of their monuments, sometimes in all letters, but most often in abbreviation^, the nickname Pius,” (Borghesi, QEw, contpl, t. vii, p. 430, note 4.)

Now why was this nickname placed before the gentile, contrary to the usage of which we however, there are many exceptions*, all in the Pigraphy of the South of Gaul, in Nimes, for example? It is easy to guess; renounced regular names were C, Esuviiis Tetricus Pius, with a double cognomen, and one must believe that Tetricus wore them in this order as long as he was in a private condition. But the day it became emperor, he had to add the denominations official dePius, Felix^ Augustus, it becomes visible that, to avoid the redundancy of this word Pius, repeated in quick succession, it was necessary to delete the second cognomen, or change its place; this is what was done. We have an example of the deletion in the legend C ES TETRICVS CAIVS {sic, for Caesar), eX^ddins the Dijon inscription, GAIO-ESVVIO | TETRICO-PIO I FELICI-INVICTO I AVG-PM TR P-P-P I AND M I L XXV.

Everywhere else the nickname Pius has changed place, immediately preceding the first cognomen Tetricus, as in the 16genus CEP TETRICVS Qaesar, sometimes retreating to the back

1. Corp. registration Latin., t. XII, 3361, L. Taurinus Aurelius; 3479, Boudas Valerias; 3841, Gertas Ventidias; 3885, Secandus lulius.

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70 B. MOWAT

the gentile Esuvius^ and this is the most frequent case, C Pius Eswius Tetricus Caesar.

Let us note that the father, on his coins, designated by the sole name of Tetricus ^ rarely accompanied by other names; on the currencies of son, it's the opposite; it is rare to meet Tetricus there isolated6.

Robert Mowat.

P.-5. The Piaonius form given by the mosaic de Treves offers one of the many examples of Tomission of the V between two vowels: Faor for Favor, loenalis for lovenalisj octao for octai^Oy etc.

R.M.

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ARTESIAN MONEY WORKSHOP

COINS STRUCTURED BY PHILIPPE DE SAINT-POL IN RUMINGHEM AND IN ELINCOURT

Philip of Burgundy-Brabant, second son of An- toine of Burgundy, due of Brabant-Limbourg, and of Jeanne, daughter of Walerand of Luxembourg, was born on July 25, 1404*. Three years later, on the death of his mother, he inherited the counties of Saint-Pol and Ligny, as well as the chatellenie of Lille. In quality of chatelain, he entered Lille on November 17 1422 and took the customary oath*.

During our research in the general archives of Belgium concerning the Brabancon coinage, whose complete history we are studying, chance made us get our hands on a mone- silence, absolutely unprecedented, emanating from Philippe de Saint-Pol and of the highest interest as well for the numismatics of the Cambr^sis than for that of the Ar- you. Here it is transcribed verbatim:

Instruction ordered by the Count of Liney and Saint-Pol, lord of Fiennes and chastellain of Lille, ^ Jaque of Lebeque, particular master of the currency, that he wants from

1. The marriage treaties of Antoine and Jeanne date from February 19, 1392. General and particular history of Burgundy, by a Benedictine, t. Ill, Evidence.

2. Leurida:<. Lea Chdielains of Lille, 1873, p. 164.

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72

A. DE WITTE

be forged for him, in his fortress of Elincourt in Gambresis, of the raaniere and how Icellui Jaque will forge and open my- drown in gold and silver instead of above.

First, my Lord wants and orders to be made deniers of gold called clinquars, with XVI cnrats of aloy, of LXVII in laille to the marc de Troyes, which are for fine gold marc G and a half florin dedicts: By giving to your raarchans and money changers for mark of fine gold, IIII"X of the florins, my Lord the Count, for his lordship, III, and the master for the work done, VII and a half. And they will be opened to a grain of medicine in aloy to the general appeal, and half a dedict florins in pitch, in cases where deliverance is found to be so difficult: which escharsetCjtant in pitch as in aloy, would turn r.u profitit of my said lord.

Item You will make a silver denarius on that of Flanders, at V d" of aloy silver the King of V s. VIII d", which are LXVIII d""* in size to the mark of Troyes: worth per mark of silver late 27th century. II d", of which my lord will have for his lordship VI the said deniers, And will be open to II grains of aloy remedy in general recourse, and a half of the said denarii in pitch in the case, etc.

Item You will make a half of the said deniers, call groz, at IIII d "nil grains of aloy silver the King of IX century VIII d", which make GXVI d" in size to the mark of Troyes; of which my lord will have lordship, XII of the deniers. And will be opened like on it.

Item, Your quarters will be large a II d" of aloy silver the King of XXV century, which are II*^ deniers in size to the mark of Troyes; of which Monseigneur will have for his lordship XLVIII said deniers. And will be opened as above.

Item You will make silver denarii on the face of those who mondict lord fist drainage fiiiire in Rumignes who will have course the III for two of the double deniers above ^ a III of *

1. We will see later that we are talking here of a half-gross belonging to a system- t6mc lout different from other silver coins cited in Tins- struction. The word “denier” in this last paragraph designating a half- large, we must understand by “double deniers above” the pieces dc two denarii of half a gros each or the preceding gros and not the doubles big. Moreover, the intrinsic value of two gross doubles of the first system teme, pieces which contain 2 gr. 90 silver Roy, cannot match that of

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73

d aloy silver the King of 13th century, which are VIII"VIII d" in size to the mark of Troyes; of which monseigneurup will have for his lord- raige, taking that above. And are open the deniers comrae cy- on it.

And is assured that we will put in a box of each denier of gold ung denier and of XX March of work ung denier be great or small.

On the back of Facte: 1425.

General archives of the Kingdom of Belgium.

Chamber of Accounts, box 63.

Let us first examine what the possible currencies designated in the instruction that we have just reproduced.

Orou clinkaerts chairs are known to everyone. Those which belong to the reign of Philip the Hardi were issued in Mechelen. Philip the Good in struck h Namur and k Ghent, in 1426, with the title of heir to the county of HoUande. They are k XVII carats, the old crown of France compiles for fine gold and 67 in size with the Marc de Troyes*. The chairs of John IV, due of Brabant, elder brother of Philippe de Saint-Pol, come out of Tatelier de Maes- tricht, Taloi is XVII carats, the size of 66 pieces to the marc. The golden chairs of Elincourt

HI copies of the second k IV aloi deniers ct k 168 in size, cc which gives only about 1 gr. 46 silver the King. On the contrary, the quantity of money continued in two simple large ones is quite significantly equivalent to the latter weight.

1. The authors do not absolutely agree on the value k assigned to Mark of Troyes. We do not have to worry, at this stage, about these various opinions. It is sufficient, since all our deductions do not follow of the absolute weight, but of the relative weight of the currencies that is why, to relate them ter toates to one and the same weight unit, — the marc dc Troyes, — to which we will give, in grams, any of the values proposed pure mitrologists.

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74 A. DB WITTE

had to be, as were those of Philip the Good, k 67 in size, but in the amount of XVF carats only- ment.

At the time when Philippe de Saint-Pol launched his order concerning the minting of various mon- naies cc made on those of Flanders", two monetary types met on cash silver from the County of Flanders: the type with both shields topped with a helm and that of the Kroms lion taert. The kromstaerts, according to the instruction then in use, included *:

1* "The double large ones at VI silver deniers the King and ^1 68 in size to the Marc de Troyes;

2** Large k V deniers and k 115 in size;

3** The half-gross k V deniers and k 230 in size;

4* Quarters of large k III deniers and k 300 au Mark.

They therefore weighed approximately 3 grams respectively. 58i; 2 gr. 13; 1 gr. 06 and 0 gr. 82.

The first three silver coins mentioned- born in the instruction of the Count of Saint-Pol have for weight 3 gr. 58 |, 2 gr. 10 and 0 gr. 82. Although naturally a little lower, their value is closer very close to that of the Flemish pieces which should serve as a module for them. Geci observation^, I'h^si- doubt is not possible: it was a question of to forge in Elincourt kromstaerts of two, one and of a quarter of a large.

This is also the system and the monetary type,

1. Deschamps DB Pas, Estai on the monetary law of the Council of Flanders from the Bourgogn houseSee pages 52-54.

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very few favorite things, which Philippe de Saint-Pol when, having become due of Brabant, he ordered in 1429 to beat Louvain of the “Loeifensche clinc- hard" of XVI carats and 68 in size, kroms- taerts of two gros de V deniers VIII | aloi grains and 68 I to the mark, large ones of IV deniers and 109 in size, finally quarters of large of II deniers XII grains and 300 to Marc de Troyes *.

Here, then, is a point definitively clarified. Rest now k determine the forged silver denarius “on the fours of those whom my Lord Count « fist drainage make i Rumignes which will have at course the III for II of the double deniers cy-des- « sus It is obvious that this denier does not belong no longer in the same system since they are double deniers or large kromstaerts are worth III deniers cc made on the fourme” of those sent to Rumignes.

These new silver deniers from Elincourt are k IIII deniers of aIoi silver the King and 168 in size to the mark of Troyes.

If we examine the second monetary type of Flemish numerary of the time, — the pieces of both shields surmounted by a helm, — we see that, according to the ordinance of 1409, double gros are k VI deniers of aloi silver the King and 49 in the mark, the big ones have V deniers and 164, etc. ; and that by virtue of the instruction of 1416, still in force during the first years of the reign of Philip the Good, the doubles are no more than 15 deniers d'aloi,

1. Van dkr Ghys, De munUn der voormalige Hertogdommen Braband en Limburg, P.I. xiv, nos. 1 and 2; ft. xv, nos. 3 and 4.

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76 A. DE WITTE

but on the other hand k 50 in size; the big k IV deniers IV grains and k 85, and the half-gross also at IV deniers IV grains and k 170 with Marc de Troyes *.

Let us also note that John IV, due of Brabant, imitated from 1417 the coins with the two 6 crowns of his cousin fromFlanders*.

The Elincourt denier weighs approximately 1 gr. 46, sound aloi, we have said, is IV silver deniers the Roy, IV grains lower than that of the semi-gross of the ordinance of 1416. These have a weight of 1 gr. 44 while the deniers 6m\s k following Tordon- nance of 1409 pfcsent 1 gr. 50 and contain ^ of ar- Gentleman the King. There is, between all these currencies, a such agreement in terms of weight and I agree that it is undeniable that the denier makes on “the fourme of those of Rumignes" is a half-gross and moreover that it belongs to the system of parts at helm surmounting two 6 shields. From which you deduce everything naturally that the coins forged in Rumignes are themselves copies of Flemish pieces k this guy.

Before pushing our research further, remember Let us see that Mr. Hermand, in his Monetary History of the province of Artois^ could not decide to consider derer as being struck in the lordships of Saint-Pol or Elincourt a whole monetary series imitated from the drielanders of the Duke of Brabant, John IV. The coins of this series offer two crowns at the right

1. Deschamps de Pas, Essay on the monetary history of the Counts of Flanders from the house of BourgognCy pi. x, n" 26, 27 el 28; pi. xx, n*41.

2. Van der Chys, De munden der voormalige Uertogdommen Braband en Limburg. PI. xiv, n*8.

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77

inclined, Tun cartel6 of Brabant-Li mbourg, Faulre of Burgundy-Brabant and circular inscription:

* PbS:BR7rB:aOM:Lmei:eT:SaTI:P7rVLI; at reverse, there is a central cross confined to two lilies, of the lion of Brabant and the lion of Limbourg, and the double circular legend * MOUeVKiPhl: BRTCBTC Tie — * SIT^ROMeR AbOMIRlABene- blQYVM*. “These species,” added the learned audo-

“marois, have neither the ordinary characteristics of “coins of Elincourt nor their sacramental legend- “such. » Mr. Hermand, it has since been proven, had good reason to be wary.

During the lifetime of his brother John IV, Philippe de Saint- Pol, by letters of November 29, 1420, accepted the mainbournie of the duchy of Brabant which was to him offered by the States of this province*. While he administered the Brabancon country (1420-1422), the second son of Antoine de Bourgogne opened, in his lordship of Waelhem a workshop from which exits coins that Mr. Hermand, with so much discernment- ment, refused in Artois and Cambr6sis. Miscellaneous empirances found by MM. Coster's Cuyperset mentioning the deniers of Brabant forged by he late due Philippe d Walliem or the drielander of

1. Beige retfue from numUmaiiquet t. X, pi. xii n** 2, 3 and 5.

2. Detailed inventory of the registers of the charters of Brabant from 1406 to 1677, 120. General Archives of Belgium, Brussels.

3. Waelhem, a former franchise, is a small beige town located near Mechelen, in the province of Antwerp. There is someone there, there is someone years and can still see today, a house called Munt, the monnaic: “Waelhem ceded in pledge to Antoine de Bourgogne, in VilO, “was assigned as an appanage by John IV to his brother Philippe. The latter, • discovered ruwacrt, governor, installed the government of the duchy there. The “States of Brabant settled there at the beginning of Tannic 1422.”

Wauters, Bitloire near Brussels.

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78 A. DB WITTE

due Philippe forgie h Walem * » atlestent Texistence of this workshop. A charter formerly published by Mr. C.-P. SeiTure in the VaeUrlansch Museum* dissipates, moreover theirs, all the doubts that could still remain ter k in this regard, since it makes the names known of the waradin of the currency of Waelhem, Henri Droegbosch and those of the master, Jean d'Arras.

The existence of a currency in Waelhem is therefore 6obvious and Mr. de Coster is right when he attributes to him the manufacture of drielanders, double big, big el quarters of big, without name of workshop, of Philippe de Brabant, count of Ligny and Saint-Pol. But where the eminent beige numismatist is wrong, our opinion at least, is when, for lack of anything better, it classed at the same pharmacy a double large of Philippe which is not mentioned in any monetary document silence Brabancon. This double fat is slavishly copied Flemish coins with two crowns amount to one one and the same helm. Here is the image and the description tion:

•PbS: BRTCBTCR: GOM: LIRQI: 6^:80^1. •P’AVLI

1. De Coster, A new monetary workshop in the Duchy of Brabant. Review numismatic beige, t X, p. 182.

2. Volume I, p. 201.

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Two juxtaposed crests topped with a helm; received from the left to the lion of Brabant, the one on the right 6cartel6 at 1 and 4 of a fleur-de-lis which is Bour- gogne, 2 of the lion of Brabant and 3 of the lion of Limburg.

Rev. * MOneTTT: ROV: QOMITIS: LIRei:: SeVI PAVLI

Cross patt6e, quartered with 2 lilies, of the lion of Bra- bant and dulion of Limbourg.

Weight, 4 gr. 44. Collection of Viscount B. of Jonghe, ^ Brussels.

Variety with MORfiT instead of MORSW and: after SQYI, on the reverse *.

Cabinet of Viscount de Jonghe, 4 gr. 45. — Office of Beige State, 4 gr. 40.

For us, these are \k double big hits k Rumignes and of which one of the fractions, the half-gross, served as a module for the Elincourt silver denarius, which, we have demonstrated, is also of the type two shields surmounted by a helm.

This established, all we have left to do is find which could be this enigmatic workshop in Rumignes.

Extensive research in the State archives, Brussels, made us discover a document of the more valuable which will allow us to resolve this question. It is the act of sharing or more precisely the draft Act for sharing the property left its by the due of Brabant, Antoine de Bourgogne. This act also proves to what degree the Count of Flanders, found himself mixed up in the intimate affairs of the

1. Beige review of numitmatiquef t. X, pi. xii, u** I.

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house of Burgundy-Brabant. And like k this point From a point of view this project also has a certain historical value. ric, we believe we must reproduce it in part.

Apanage of P/tiiippe of Brabant, count of Saint-Pol and Liney, brother of the due Jean de Brabant, made and regulated by the mediation of the due of Burgundy, taken as arbitrator.

the duchier, tale and other things here after declai-

rees: it is knowing, from the side and by means of our said fire lord and father, lesdiz duchiez of lothier, brabant and Lembourg and Marchionne of the Holy Empire, included with the said Duchy of Lembourg, several towns, Chateaulx, fortresses and other lands and lordships that he had, held and possessed in his living between the rivers of Meuze and Rin, law and action that he had in the duchy of luxembourg, his affiliations and appendages and certain hostels and manors, annuities and income

located and seated in the city of Paris and Illecques approximately; and

from the side and by means of our so-called late lady and mother and of the said late our grandfather, the tales of liney and saint pol^ understood with the said count of saint-pol, the towns, chasteulx, chastellenies lucheu, d'orteville, frenons, pernes, lisbourg, celers, valhuon, siracourt, grigny and the affiliations; the hunt telnie de lille, the advoueries with the cities, chastel, land and belongings of Erquinguehem and Armentieres, Saintguin in werpes, riquebourg, habourdin, grelenguehem, the butlery and other lands and lordships located, seated and enclaved in icelle chastellenie de lille; les chasteulx, towns, chastellenies, lerres, lordships and affiliations of fiennes, tingry, belle, rumin- GHEHEM, huquelins and bourbourg; the smoke spy; the lands of Odenghien and the four trades in Flanders; the lands of ailly- sur-noe, du sauchoy, moisel, merlae and the belongings; the chasteulx, chastellenies, towns, lands and belongings of Bohaing, Sérain, Elincourt, Cantain, Marcoing, Perremont; the earth of the valley and its affiliations and other bases in the country of cam- brcsis and around; the land and house of Savignon in Launoys; the chastels, lands and belongings of roussy to the country of luxembourg; the land of Moreaumez, and the Chateaulx, towns.

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lands and belongings of ban sur euze, le saultoir and others lerres and lordships seated in the land of cork, with several other lands and lordships, manors, hostelz, rents and income locate and sit in the tale of Flanders, and Artois, in the country of Picardy die, in the said city of Paris, Amiens and elsewhere in the kingdom of France and outside.

Item is ordered that our said brother have the lands and lord. ries of gaesbeke, duffel and Walem with their belongings tenancies, located in our said country of Brabant.

It is ordered that our said brother have all the lands and lordships of the lord of assche gisans in our said country of brabant.

Item is ordered that our said brother has all the right that he and we have the duchy of luxembourg with its affiliations.

It is ordered that our said brother has all the debts owed to him and we were due in France.

General archives of the Kingdom of Belgium, Chamber of Accounts, — Register 131, f» 772.

The Ruminghehem of the act of sharing is none other, 6obviously, that the Rumignes of the ordinance. This cannot present a shadow of doubt.

Rutningahem, Ruminghehem, Ruminghem, is a small locality in ancient Artois; she acts currently part of the Pas-de-Calais department, canton of Audruicq, district of Saint-Omer. This commune was not born yesterday. She is cited in a charter of March 5, 981 by which the count Thierri and Arnould, sons of Hilduin, give Tabbaye of Saint-Pierre, of Ghent, all the goods they possessed tooth in Ruminghem and Kerenberg in the pagus of

1890 — 6 6

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Therouanne*. Rumingahem is also mentioned in a century charter specifying the assigned goods k interview of the monks of the abbey of Saint-Ber- tin*, etc., etc.

John the Carpenter teaches us how this land of Ruminghem entered the house of Luxem- town to which the mother of Philippe de Saint-Pol*. In the word Fiennes^ after the nomenclature families with which the lords of Fiennes have allied themselves and which ends with Luxembourgy The author adds:

cc To the latter are dried up the lands of (L Fiennes, de Tingry, de Ruminghem and others, including cc enjoyed around Tan 1400, Walerand of Luxembourg, cc Count of Saint-Paul and Liney, Lord of “Bohain and several lands in Cambr6sis, con- “nestable of France, by the death of his great uncle ((maternal, Robert, Lord of Fiennes (also con- <(nestable of France), that is to say uncle of Mahaut cc of Chastillon, Countess of Saint-Paul, etc. »

Philip the Good, whose astute policy tended above all to confuse John IV both with his brother Philippe de Saint-Pol and with his wife Jacque- line, in order to take advantage of this mesintelligence to 6expand more and more its influence in the duchy of Brabant, — whom he coveted, — therefore left a instant monetized at its extreme border by a cousin who was his vassal in the head of the land where